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- Network Working Group G. Armitage
- Request for Comments: 2492 Lucent Technologies
- Category: Standards Track P. Schulter
- BrightTiger Technologies
- M. Jork
- Digital Equipment GmbH
- January 1999
-
- IPv6 over ATM Networks
-
- Status of this Memo
-
- This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
- Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
- improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
- Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
- and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
-
- Copyright Notice
-
- Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1999). All Rights Reserved.
-
- Abstract
-
- This document is a companion to the ION working group's architecture
- document, "IPv6 over Non Broadcast Multiple Access (NBMA) networks".
- It provides specific details on how to apply the IPv6 over NBMA
- architecture to ATM networks. This architecture allows conventional
- host-side operation of the IPv6 Neighbor Discovery protocol, while
- also supporting the establishment of 'shortcut' ATM forwarding paths
- (when using SVCs). Operation over administratively configured Point
- to Point PVCs is also supported.
-
- 1. Introduction.
-
- This document is an ATM-specific companion document to the ION
- working group's, "IPv6 over Non Broadcast Multiple Access (NBMA)
- networks" specification [1]. Terminology and architectural
- descriptions will not be repeated here.
-
- The use of ATM to provide point to point PVC service, or flexible
- point to point and point to multipoint SVC service, is covered by
- this document.
-
- A minimally conforming IPv6/ATM driver SHALL support the PVC mode of
- operation. An IPv6/ATM driver that supports the full SVC mode SHALL
- also support PVC mode of operation.
-
-
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- G. Armitage, et. al. Standards Track [Page 1]
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- RFC 2492 IPv6 over ATM Networks January 1999
-
-
- 2. Specification Terminology
-
- The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
- "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
- document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [16].
-
- 3. PVC Environments
-
- When the ATM network is used in PVC mode, each PVC will connect
- exactly two nodes and the use of Neighbor Discovery and other IPv6
- features is limited. IPv6/ATM interfaces have only one neighbor on
- each Link. The MARS and NHRP protocols are NOT necessary, since
- multicast and broadcast operations collapse down to an ATM level
- unicast operation. Dynamically discovered shortcuts are not
- supported.
-
- The actual details of encapsulations, MTU, and link token generation
- are provided in the following sections.
-
- This use of PVC links does not mandate, nor does it prohibit the use
- of extensions to the Neighbor Discovery protocol which may be
- developed for either general use of for use in PVC connections (for
- example, Inverse Neighbor Discovery).
-
- Since ATM PVC links do not use link-layer addresses, the link-layer
- address options SHOULD not be included in any ND message [11]. If a
- link-layer address option is present in an ND message, then the
- option SHOULD be ignored.
-
- A minimally conforming IPv6/ATM driver SHALL support the PVC mode of
- operation. PVC only implementations are not required to support any
- SVC mode of operation.
-
- 3.1 Default Packet Encapsulation
-
- Following the model in RFC 1483 [2], AAL5 SHALL be the default
- Adaptation Layer service, and (LLC/SNAP) encapsulation SHALL be
- default encapsulation used by unicast and multicast packets across
- pt-pt PVC links. As defined in [1], the default IPv6 packet
- encapsulation SHALL be:
-
- [0xAA-AA-03][0x00-00-00][0x86-DD][IPv6 packet]
- (LLC) (OUI) (PID)
-
-
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- G. Armitage, et. al. Standards Track [Page 2]
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- RFC 2492 IPv6 over ATM Networks January 1999
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-
- 3.2 Optional null encapsulation
-
- IPv6/ATM drivers MAY also support null encapsulation as a
- configurable option. When null encapsulation is enabled, the IPv6
- packet is passed directly to the AAL5 layer. Both ends of the PVC
- MUST be configured to use null encapsulation. The PVC will not be
- available for use by protocols other than IPv6.
-
- 3.3 PPP encapsulation
-
- The concatentation of IPv6 over PPP with PPP over AAL5 PVCs is not
- covered by this specification.
-
- 3.4 MTU For PVC Environments
-
- The default IP MTU size for PVC links is 9180 bytes as specified in
- [7]. Other IP MTU values MAY be used.
-
- 3.5 Interface Token Formats in PVC Environments
-
- When the ATM network is used in PVC mode interface tokens SHALL be
- generated using one of the methods described in section 5. Interface
- tokens need only be unique between the two nodes on the PVC link.
-
- 4 SVC environments
-
- 4.1 SVC Specific Code Points
-
- 4.1.1 ATM Adaptation Layer encapsulation for SVC environments
-
- Following the model in RFC 1483 [2], AAL5 SHALL be the default
- Adaptation Layer service, and (LLC/SNAP) encapsulation SHALL be the
- default encapsulation used by unicast and multicast packets across
- SVC links.
-
- 4.1.2 Unicast Packet Encapsulation
-
- As defined in [1], the default IPv6 unicast packet encapsulation
- SHALL be:
-
- [0xAA-AA-03][0x00-00-00][0x86-DD][IPv6 packet]
- (LLC) (OUI) (PID)
-
-
-
-
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- RFC 2492 IPv6 over ATM Networks January 1999
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-
- 4.1.3 Multicast packet encapsulation
-
- As defined in [1], the default IPv6 multicast packet encapsulation
- SHALL be:
-
- [0xAA-AA-03][0x00-00-5E][0x00-01][pkt$cmi][0x86DD][IPv6
- packet]
- (LLC) (OUI) (PID) (mars encaps)
-
- The IPv6/ATM driver's Cluster Member ID SHALL be copied into
- the 2 octet pkt$cmi field prior to transmission.
-
- 4.1.4 Optional null encapsulation
-
- IPv6/ATM drivers MAY also support null encapsulation as a
- configurable option. Null encapsulation SHALL only be used for
- passing IPv6 packets from one IPv6/ATM driver to another. Null
- encapsulation SHALL NOT be used on the pt-pt SVC between the IPv6/ATM
- driver and its local MARS.
-
- If null encapsulation is enabled, the IPv6 packet is passed directly
- to the AAL5 layer. Both ends of the SVC MUST agree to use null
- encapsulation during the call SETUP phase. The SVC will not be
- available for use by protocols other than IPv6.
-
- If null encapsulation is enabled on data SVCs between routers,
- inter-router NHRP traffic SHALL utilize a separate, parallel SVC.
-
- Use of null encapsulation is not encouraged when IPv6/ATM is used
- with MARS/NHRP/ND as described in [1].
-
- 4.1.5 MARS control messages
-
- The encapsulation of MARS control messages (between MARS and MARS
- Clients) remains the same as shown in RFC 2022 [3]:
-
- [0xAA-AA-03][0x00-00-5E][0x00-03][MARS control message]
- (LLC) (OUI) (PID)
-
- The key control field values are:
-
- The mar$afn field remains 0x0F (ATM addresses)
-
- The mar$pro field SHALL be 0x86DD (IPv6)
-
- The mar$op.version field remains 0x00 (MARS)
-
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- RFC 2492 IPv6 over ATM Networks January 1999
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-
- The mar$spln and mar$tpln fields (where relevant) are either 0 (for
- null or non-existent information) or 16 (for the full IPv6 protocol
- address)
-
- The way in which ATM addresses are stored remains the same as shown
- in RFC 2022 [3]
-
- 4.1.6 NHRP control messages
-
- The encapsulation of NHRP control messages remains the same as shown
- in RFC 2332 [4]:
-
- [0xAA-AA-03][0x00-00-5E][0x00-03][NHRP control message]
- (LLC) (OUI) (PID)
-
- The key control field values are:
-
- The ar$afn field remains 0x0F (ATM addresses)
-
- The ar$pro field SHALL be 0x86DD (IPv6)
-
- The ar$op.version field remains 0x01 (NHRP)
-
- The ar$spln and ar$tpln fields (where relevant) are either 0 (for
- null or non-existent information) or 16 (for the full IPv6 protocol
- address)
-
- The way in which ATM addresses are stored remains the same as shown
- in RFC 2022 [3]
-
- 4.1.7 Neigbor Discovery control messages
-
- Section 5.2 of [1] describes the ND Link-layer address option. For
- IPv6/ATM drivers, the subfields SHALL be encoded in the following
- manner:
-
- [NTL] defines the type and length of the ATM number immediately
- following the [STL] field. The format is as follows:
-
- 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- |0|x| length |
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
-
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- RFC 2492 IPv6 over ATM Networks January 1999
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-
- The most significant bit is reserved and MUST be set to zero. The
- second most significant bit (x) is a flag indicating whether the
- ATM number is in:
-
- ATM Forum AESA format (x = 0).
- Native E.164 format (x = 1).
-
- The bottom 6 bits represent an unsigned integer value indicating
- the length of the associated ATM address field in octets.
-
- The [STL] format is the same as the [NTL] field. Defines the length
- of the subaddress field, if it exists. If it does not exist this
- entire octet field MUST be zero. If the subaddress exists it will be
- in AESA format, so flag x SHALL be zero.
-
- [NBMA Number] is a variable length field containing the ATM address
- of the Link layer target. It is always present.
-
- [NBMA Subaddress] is a variable length field containing the ATM
- subaddress of the Link layer target. It may or may not be present.
- When it is not, the option ends after the [NBMA Number] (or any
- additional padding for 8 byte alignment).
-
- The octet ordering of the [NBMA Number] and [NBMA Subaddress] fields
- SHALL be the same as that used in MARS and NHRP control messages.
-
- 4.2 UNI 3.0/3.1 signaling issues (SVC mode).
-
- When an IPv6 node places a call to another IPv6 node, it SHOULD
- follow the procedures in [6] and [7] for signalling UNI 3.0/3.1 SVCs
- [9] and negotiating MTU. The default IP MTU size on a LL is 9180
- bytes as specified in [7].
-
- Note that while the procedures in [7] still apply to IPv6 over ATM,
- IPv6 Path MTU Discovery [8] is used by nodes and routers rather than
- IPv4 MTU discovery. Additionally, while IPv6 nodes are not required
- to implement Path MTU Discovery, IPv6/ATM nodes SHOULD implement it.
- Also, since IPv6 nodes will negotiate an appropriate MTU for each VC,
- Path MTU should never be triggered since neither node should ever
- receive a Packet Too Big message to trigger Path MTU Discovery. When
- nodes are communicating via one or more routers Path MTU Discovery
- will be used just as it is for legacy networks.
-
- 5 Interface Tokens
-
- For both PVC and SVC modes of operation, one of the following methods
- SHALL be used to generate Interface Tokens as required by section 5.1
- of [1].
-
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- G. Armitage, et. al. Standards Track [Page 6]
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- RFC 2492 IPv6 over ATM Networks January 1999
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-
- 5.1 Interface Tokens Based on ESI values
-
- When the underlying ATM interface is identified by an ATM End System
- Address (AESA, formerly known as an NSAPA), the interface token MAY
- be formed from the ESI and SEL values in the AESA as follows:
-
- [0x00][ESI][SEL]
-
- [0x00] is a one octet field which is always set to 0.
- Note that the bit corresponding to the EUI-64 Global/Local bit
- [5] is always reset indicating that this address is not a
- globally unique IPv6 interface token.
-
- [ESI] is a six octet field.
- This field always contains the six octet ESI value for the
- AESA used to address the specific instance of the IPv6/ATM
- interface.
-
- [SEL] is a one octet field.
- This field always contains the SEL value from the AESA used to
- address the specific instance of the IPv6/ATM interface.
-
- 5.2 Interface Tokens Based on 48 Bit MAC Values
-
- Where the underlying ATM NIC driver has access to a set of one or
- more 48 bit MAC values unique to the ATM NIC (e.g. MAC addresses
- configured into the NIC's ROM), the IPv6/ATM interface MAY use one of
- these values to create a unique interface token as described in [10].
-
- 5.3 Interface Tokens Based on EUI-64 Values
-
- Where the underlying ATM NIC driver has access to a set of one or
- more 64 bit EUI-64 values unique to the ATM NIC (e.g. EUI-64
- addresses configured into the NIC's ROM), the IPv6/ATM interface
- SHOULD use one of these values to create a unique interface token.
- after inverting the Global/Local identifier bit [10]. (Any
- relationship between these values and the ESI(s) registered with the
- local ATM switch by the ATM driver are outside the scope of this
- document.)
-
- When EUI-64 values are used for IPv6 interface tokens the only
- modification allowed to the octet string read from the NIC is
- inversion of the Global/Local identifier bit.
-
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- RFC 2492 IPv6 over ATM Networks January 1999
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- 5.4 Interface Tokens Based on Native E.164 Addresses
-
- When an interface uses Native E.164 addresses then the E.164 values
- MAY be used to generate an interface token as follows:
-
- [D14][D13D12][D11D10][D9D8][D9D6][D5D4][D3D2][D1D0]
-
- [D14] A single octet containing the semi-octet representing the most
- significant E.164 digit shifted left four bits to the most
- significant four bits of the octet. The lower four bits MUST be set
- to 0. Note that the EUI-64 Global/Local indicator is set to 0
- indicating that this is not a globally unique IPv6 interface token.
-
- [D13D12] A single octet containing the semi-octet representing the
- second most significant E.164 digit [D13] shifted left four places to
- the most significant bits of the octet, and the third most
- significant semi-octet in the four least significant bits of the
- octet.
-
- [D11D10] - [D1D0] Octets each containing two E.164 digits, one in the
- most significant four bits, and one in the least significant four
- bits as indicated.
-
- 5.5 Nodes Without Unique Identifiers
-
- If no MAC, EUI-64, AESA, or E.164 value is available for generating
- an interface token, then the interface token SHALL be generated as
- described in Appendix A of [10].
-
- 5.6 Multiple Logical Links on a Single Interface
-
- A logical ATM interface might be associated with a different SEL
- field of a common AESA prefix, or a set of entirely separate ESIs
- might have been registered with the local ATM switch to create a
- range of unique AESAs.
-
- The minimum information required to uniquely identify each logical
- ATM interface is (within the context of the local switch port) their
- ESI+SEL combination.
-
- For the vhost case described in section 5.1.2 of [1], vhost SHALL
- select a different interface token from the range of 64 bit values
- available to the ATM NIC (as described in 4.1). Each vhost SHALL
- implement IPv6/ATM interfaces in such a way that no two or more
- vhosts end up advertising the same interface token onto the same LL.
- (Conformance with this requirement may be achieved by choosing
- different SEL values, ESI values, or both.)
-
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- G. Armitage, et. al. Standards Track [Page 8]
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- RFC 2492 IPv6 over ATM Networks January 1999
-
-
- 6. Conclusion and Open Issues.
-
- This document is an ATM-specific companion document to the ION
- working group's, "IPv6 over Non Broadcast Multiple Access (NBMA)
- networks" specification [1]. It specifies codepoints for the
- administratively configured PVC, and dynamically established SVC,
- modes of operation.
-
- There are no major open issues. Comments to the ION mailing list are
- solicited (ion@nexen.com).
-
- 7. Security Considerations
-
- While this proposal does not introduce any new security mechanisms
- all current IPv6 security mechanisms will work without modification
- for ATM. This includes both authentication and encryption for both
- Neighbor Discovery protocols as well as the exchange of IPv6 data
- packets.
-
- Acknowledgments
-
- The original IPv6/ATM work by G. Armitage occurred while employed at
- Bellcore. Elements of section 4 were borrowed from Matt Crawford's
- memo on IPv6 over Ethernet.
-
- The authors would like to thank Kazuhiko Yamamoto, Kenjiro Cho,
- Yoshinobu Inoue, Hiroshi Esaki, Yoshifumi Atarashi, and Atsushi
- Hagiwara for their contributions based on actual PVC implementations.
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- RFC 2492 IPv6 over ATM Networks January 1999
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- Authors' Addresses
-
- Grenville Armitage
- Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies
- 101 Crawfords Corner Road
- Holmdel, NJ 07733
- USA
-
- EMail: gja@lucent.com
-
-
- Peter Schulter
- BrightTiger Technologies
- 125 Nagog Park
- Acton, MA 01720
-
- EMail: paschulter@acm.org
-
-
- Markus Jork
- European Applied Research Center
- Digital Equipment GmbH
- CEC Karlsruhe
- Vincenz-Priessnitz-Str. 1
- D-76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
-
- EMail: jork@kar.dec.com
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- RFC 2492 IPv6 over ATM Networks January 1999
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- References
-
- [1] Armitage, G., Schulter, P., Jork, M. and G. Harter, "IPv6 over
- Non-Broadcast Multiple Access (NBMA) networks", RFC 2491, January
- 1999.
-
- [2] Heinanen, J., "Multiprotocol Encapsulation over ATM Adaption
- Layer 5", RFC 1483, July 1993.
-
- [3] Armitage, G., "Support for Multicast over UNI 3.1 based ATM
- Networks", RFC 2022, November 1996.
-
- [4] Luciani, J., Katz, D., Piscitello, D., Cole, B. and N. Doraswamy,
- "NBMA Next Hop Resolution Protocol (NHRP)", RFC 2332, April 1998.
-
- [5] "64-Bit Global Identifier Format Tutorial",
- http://standards.ieee.org/db/oui/tutorials/EUI64.html.
-
- [6] Perez, M., Liaw, F., Mankin, A., Hoffman, E., Grossman, D. and A.
- Malis, "ATM Signalling Support for IP over ATM", RFC 1755,
- February 1995.
-
- [7] Atkinson, R., "Default IP MTU for use over ATM AAL5", RFC 1626,
- May 1994.
-
- [8] McCann, J., Deering, S. and J. Mogul, "Path MTU Discovery for IP
- version 6", RFC 1981, August 1996.
-
- [9] ATM Forum, "ATM User Network Interface (UNI) Specification
- Version 3.1", ISBN 0-13-393828-X, Prentice Hall, Englewood
- Cliffs, NJ, June 1995.
-
- [10] Hinden, B. and S. Deering, "IP Version 6 Addressing
- Architecture", RFC 2373, July 1998.
-
- [11] Narten, T., Nordmark, E. and W. Simpson, "Neighbor Discovery for
- IP Version 6 (IPv6)", RFC 2461, December 1998.
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- RFC 2492 IPv6 over ATM Networks January 1999
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- Full Copyright Statement
-
- Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1999). All Rights Reserved.
-
- This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
- others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it
- or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published
- and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any
- kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
- included on all such copies and derivative works. However, this
- document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing
- the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other
- Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of
- developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for
- copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be
- followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than
- English.
-
- The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
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-
- This document and the information contained herein is provided on an
- "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING
- TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
- BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION
- HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
- MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
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