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- Network Working Group R. Pereira
- Request for Comments: 2394 TimeStep Corporation
- Category: Informational December 1998
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- IP Payload Compression Using DEFLATE
-
- Status of this Memo
-
- This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does
- not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this
- memo is unlimited.
-
- Copyright Notice
-
- Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1998). All Rights Reserved.
-
- Abstract
-
- This document describes a compression method based on the DEFLATE
- compression algorithm. This document defines the application of the
- DEFLATE algorithm to the IP Payload Compression Protocol.
-
- Table of Contents
-
- 1. Introduction...................................................2
- 1.1 The DEFLATE Compression Algorithm...........................2
- 1.2 Licensing...................................................2
- 1.3 Specification of Requirements...............................3
- 2. DEFLATE Algorithm Implementation...............................3
- 2.1 Compression.................................................3
- 2.2 Decompression...............................................4
- 3. Thresholds.....................................................4
- 4. IPSec Transform Identifier.....................................4
- 5. Security Considerations........................................4
- 6. References.....................................................5
- 7. Acknowledgments................................................5
- 8. Editor's Address...............................................5
- 9. Full Copyright Statement.......................................6
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- Pereira Informational [Page 1]
-
- RFC 2394 IP Payload Compression Using DEFLATE December 1998
-
-
- 1. Introduction
-
- The IP Payload Compression Protocol allows the compression of IP
- datagrams by supporting different compression algorithms. This
- document describes how to integrate the DEFLATE compression algorithm
- [Deutsch96] into IPCOMP [IPCOMP].
-
- This document SHOULD be read in conjunction with [IPCOMP] and MUST be
- taken in its context.
-
- 1.1 The DEFLATE Compression Algorithm
-
- The 'deflate' compression format [Deutsch96], as used by the PKZIP
- and gzip compressors and as embodied in the freely and widely
- distributed zlib [Gailly95] library source code, has the following
- features:
-
- o an apparently unencumbered encoding and compression algorithm,
- with an open and publicly-available specification.
-
- o low-overhead escape mechanism for incompressible data. The PPP
- Deflate specification offers options to reduce that overhead
- further.
-
- o heavily used for many years in networks, on modem and other point-
- to-point links to transfer files for personal computers and
- workstations.
-
- o easily achieves 2:1 compression on the Calgary corpus [Corpus90]
- using less than 64KBytes of memory on both sender and receive.
-
- 1.2 Licensing
-
- The zlib source is widely and freely available, subject to the
- following copyright:
-
- (C) 1995 Jean-Loup Gailly and Mark Adler
-
- This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied
- warranty. In no event will the authors be held liable for any
- damages arising from the use of this software.
-
- Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any
- purpose, including commercial applications, and to alter it and
- redistribute it freely, subject to the following restrictions:
-
-
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- Pereira Informational [Page 2]
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- RFC 2394 IP Payload Compression Using DEFLATE December 1998
-
-
- 1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you
- must not claim that you wrote the original software. If you use
- this software in a product, an acknowledgment in the product
- documentation would be appreciated but is not required.
-
- 2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and
- must not be misrepresented as being the original software.
-
- 3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source
- distribution.
-
- Jean-Loup Gailly Mark Adler
- gzip@prep.ai.mit.edu madler@alumni.caltech.edu
-
- If you use the zlib library in a product, we would appreciate
- *not* receiving lengthy legal documents to sign. The sources are
- provided for free but without warranty of any kind. The library
- has been entirely written by Jean-Loup Gailly and Mark Adler; it
- does not include third-party code.
-
- The deflate format and compression algorithm are based on Lempel-Ziv
- LZ77 compression; extensive research has been done by the GNU Project
- and the Portable Network Graphics working group supporting its patent
- free status.
-
- 1.3 Specification of Requirements
-
- The keywords "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT",
- and "MAY" that appear in this document are to be interpreted as
- described in [Bradner97].
-
- 2. DEFLATE Algorithm Implementation
-
- The DEFLATE compression algorithm was designed by Phil Katz and its
- details are publicly available in [Deutsch96]. Thus it is a good
- freely available algorithm to implement within IPCOMP.
-
- Compression and decompression algorithm details should be followed as
- outlined in [Deutsch96] or the use of a software library may be
- preferable. Since IPComp is a stateless protocol, history MUST be
- cleared between packets when either compressing or decompressing.
-
- 2.1 Compression
-
- As defined in [IPCOMP], the compression process is determined by the
- IP Compression Association (IPCA). The IPCA MUST define the DEFLATE
- algorithm for the process within this document to take place.
-
-
-
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- Pereira Informational [Page 3]
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- RFC 2394 IP Payload Compression Using DEFLATE December 1998
-
-
- The compression process entails compressing the data from the IP
- datagram and placing the result after the IPComp header. For
- example, compressing a TCP datagram;
-
- Before: IP TCP ...
- After: IP IPCOMP (TCP ...)
-
- Please note how everything after the IPCOMP header is compressed.
-
- DEFLATE allows for a number of compression levels ranging from best
- compression but slow to fast compression. The level that one
- compresses data is implementation dependant since it is always
- compatible with the decompression algorithm.
-
- 2.2 Decompression
-
- As in the compression process, the IPCA defines the parameters and
- algorithm to utilize for the decompression process.
-
- As defined in [IPCOMP] the data after the IPComp header is
- decompressed and replaces the IPComp header within the IP header.
-
- Decompression using the DEFLATE algorithm follows the decompression
- process defined in [Deutsch96].
-
- 3. Thresholds
-
- As stated in [IPCOMP], compression on small buffers does not usually
- work as well as on fast links since the time it takes to compress is
- slower than the time to transport the data. Informal tests show that
- the average buffer size that produces larger results is around 90
- bytes. Thus implementations SHOULD NOT attempt to compress buffers
- smaller than 90 bytes.
-
- Other than a packet size limit, no compressibility test as defined in
- [IPCOMP] is outlined in this document.
-
- 4. IPSec Transform Identifier
-
- [IPDOI] states that the ISAKMP IPCOMP transform ID for the DEFLATE
- compression algorithm is IPCOMP_DEFLATE. No other ISAKMP parameters
- are required for the IPCOMP DEFLATE algorithm.
-
- 5. Security Considerations
-
- This document does not add any further security considerations that
- [IPCOMP] and [Deutsch96] have already declared.
-
-
-
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- Pereira Informational [Page 4]
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- RFC 2394 IP Payload Compression Using DEFLATE December 1998
-
-
- 6. References
-
- [IPCOMP] Shacham, A., Monsour, R., Pereira, R., and M. Thomas, "IP
- Payload Compression Protocol (IPComp)", RFC 2393,
- December 1998.
-
- [Deutsch96] Deutsch, P., "DEFLATE Compressed Data Format
- Specification version 1.3", RFC 1951, May 1996.
-
- [IPDOI] Piper, D., "The Internet IP Security Domain of
- Interpretation for ISAKMP", RFC 2407, November 1998.
-
- [Corpus90] Bell, T.C., Cleary, G. G. and Witten, I.H., "Text
- Compression", Prentice_Hall, Englewood Cliffs NJ, 1990.
- The compression corpus itself can be found in
- ftp://ftp.uu.net/pub/archiving/zip/
-
- [Gailly95] Gailly, J.-L., "Zlib 0.95 beta"
-
- 7. Acknowledgments
-
- The author wishes to thank all of the active members of the IPPCP
- working group especially Abraham Shacham and Naganand Doraswamy.
-
- 8. Editor's Address
-
- Roy Pereira
- TimeStep Corporation
-
- Phone: +1 (613) 599-3610 x 4808
- EMail: rpereira@timestep.com
-
-
- The IP Payload Compression Protocol (IPPCP) working group can be
- contacted via email (ippcp@cisco.com) or through its chair:
-
- Naganand Dorswamy
- Bay Networks
-
- EMail: naganand@baynetworks.com
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- Pereira Informational [Page 5]
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- RFC 2394 IP Payload Compression Using DEFLATE December 1998
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- 9. Full Copyright Statement
-
- Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1998). All Rights Reserved.
-
- This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
- others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it
- or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published
- and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any
- kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
- included on all such copies and derivative works. However, this
- document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing
- the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other
- Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of
- developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for
- copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be
- followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than
- English.
-
- The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
- revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns.
-
- This document and the information contained herein is provided on an
- "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING
- TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
- BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION
- HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
- MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
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- Pereira Informational [Page 6]
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