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- Network Working Group D. Haskin
- Request for Comments: 2023 E. Allen
- Category: Standards Track Bay Networks, Inc.
- October 1996
-
- IP Version 6 over PPP
-
- Status of this Memo
-
- This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
- Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
- improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
- Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
- and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
-
- Abstract
-
- The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) [1] provides a standard method of
- encapsulating Network Layer protocol information over point-to-point
- links. PPP also defines an extensible Link Control Protocol, and
- proposes a family of Network Control Protocols (NCPs) for
- establishing and configuring different network-layer protocols.
-
- This document defines the method for transmission of IP Version 6 [2]
- packets over PPP links as well as the Network Control Protocol (NCP)
- for establishing and configuring the IPv6 over PPP. It also specifies
- the method of forming IPv6 link-local addresses on PPP links.
-
- Table of Contents
-
- 1. Introduction .......................................... 2
- 1.1. Specification of Requirements ...................... 2
- 2. Sending IPv6 Datagrams ................................ 3
- 3. A PPP Network Control Protocol for IPv6 ............... 3
- 4. IPV6CP Configuration Options .......................... 4
- 4.1. Interface-Token ................................... 4
- 4.2. IPv6-Compression-Protocol.......................... 7
- 5. Stateless Autoconfiguration and Link-Local Addresses .. 9
- A. IPV6CP Recommended Options ............................. 9
- Security Considerations ....................................... 10
- References .................................................... 10
- Acknowledgments ............................................... 10
- Authors' Addresses ............................................ 10
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- Haskin & Allen Standards Track [Page 1]
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- RFC 2023 IP Version 6 over PPP October 1996
-
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- 1. Introduction
-
- PPP has three main components:
-
- 1. A method for encapsulating datagrams over serial links.
-
- 2. A Link Control Protocol (LCP) for establishing, configuring,
- and testing the data-link connection.
-
- 3. A family of Network Control Protocols (NCPs) for establishing
- and configuring different network-layer protocols.
-
- In order to establish communications over a point-to-point link, each
- end of the PPP link must first send LCP packets to configure and test
- the data link. After the link has been established and optional
- facilities have been negotiated as needed by the LCP, PPP must send
- NCP packets to choose and configure one or more network-layer
- protocols. Once each of the chosen network-layer protocols has been
- configured, datagrams from each network-layer protocol can be sent
- over the link.
-
- In this document, the NCP for establishing and configuring the IPv6
- over PPP is referred as the IPv6 Control Protocol (IPV6CP).
-
- The link will remain configured for communications until explicit LCP
- or NCP packets close the link down, or until some external event
- occurs (power failure at the other end, carrier drop, etc.).
-
- 1.1. Specification of Requirements
-
- In this document, several words are used to signify the requirements
- of the specification. These words are often capitalized.
-
- MUST This word, or the adjective "required", means that the
- definition is an absolute requirement of the specification.
-
- MUST NOT This phrase means that the definition is an absolute
- prohibition of the specification.
-
- SHOULD This word, or the adjective "recommended", means that there
- may exist valid reasons in particular circumstances to
- ignore this item, but the full implications must be
- understood and carefully weighed before choosing a
- different course.
-
- MAY This word, or the adjective "optional", means that this
- item is one of an allowed set of alternatives. An
- implementation which does not include this option MUST be
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- RFC 2023 IP Version 6 over PPP October 1996
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- prepared to inter-operate with another implementation which
- does include the option.
-
- 2. Sending IPv6 Datagrams
-
- Before any IPv6 packets may be communicated, PPP must reach the
- Network-Layer Protocol phase, and the IPv6 Control Protocol must
- reach the Opened state.
-
- Exactly one IPv6 packet is encapsulated in the Information field of
- PPP Data Link Layer frames where the Protocol field indicates type
- hex 0057 (Internet Protocol Version 6).
-
- The maximum length of an IPv6 packet transmitted over a PPP link is
- the same as the maximum length of the Information field of a PPP data
- link layer frame. PPP links supporting IPv6 must allow at least 576
- octets in the information field of a data link layer frame.
-
- 3. A PPP Network Control Protocol for IPv6
-
- The IPv6 Control Protocol (IPV6CP) is responsible for configuring,
- enabling, and disabling the IPv6 protocol modules on both ends of the
- point-to-point link. IPV6CP uses the same packet exchange mechanism
- as the Link Control Protocol (LCP). IPV6CP packets may not be
- exchanged until PPP has reached the Network-Layer Protocol phase.
- IPV6CP packets received before this phase is reached should be
- silently discarded.
-
- The IPv6 Control Protocol is exactly the same as the Link Control
- Protocol [1] with the following exceptions:
-
- Data Link Layer Protocol Field
-
- Exactly one IPV6CP packet is encapsulated in the Information field
- of PPP Data Link Layer frames where the Protocol field indicates
- type hex 8057 (IPv6 Control Protocol).
-
- Code field
-
- Only Codes 1 through 7 (Configure-Request, Configure-Ack,
- Configure-Nak, Configure-Reject, Terminate-Request, Terminate-Ack
- and Code-Reject) are used. Other Codes should be treated as
- unrecognized and should result in Code-Rejects.
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- Haskin & Allen Standards Track [Page 3]
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- RFC 2023 IP Version 6 over PPP October 1996
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- Timeouts
-
- IPV6CP packets may not be exchanged until PPP has reached the
- Network-Layer Protocol phase. An implementation should be prepared
- to wait for Authentication and Link Quality Determination to finish
- before timing out waiting for a Configure-Ack or other response. It
- is suggested that an implementation give up only after user
- intervention or a configurable amount of time.
-
- Configuration Option Types
-
- IPV6CP has a distinct set of Configuration Options, which are
- defined below.
-
- 4. IPV6CP Configuration Options
-
- IPV6CP Configuration Options allow negotiation of desirable IPv6
- parameters. IPV6CP uses the same Configuration Option format defined
- for LCP [1], with a separate set of Options. If a Configuration
- Option is not included in a Configure-Request packet, the default
- value for that Configuration Option is assumed.
-
- Up-to-date values of the IPV6CP Option Type field are specified in
- the most recent "Assigned Numbers" RFC [5]. Current values are
- assigned as follows:
-
- 1 Interface-Token
- 2 IPv6-Compression-Protocol
-
-
- 4.1. Interface-Token
-
- Description
-
- This Configuration Option provides a way to negotiate a unique
- 32-bit interface token to be used for the address
- autoconfiguration [3] at the local end of the link (see section
- 5). The interface token MUST be unique within the PPP link; i.e.
- upon completion of the negotiation different Interface-Token
- values are to be selected for the ends of the PPP link.
-
- Before this Configuration Option is requested, an implementation
- must choose its tentative Interface-Token. It is recommended that
- a non-zero value be chosen in the most random manner possible in
- order to guarantee with very high probability that an
- implementation will arrive at a unique token value. A good way to
- choose a unique random number is to start with a unique seed.
- Suggested sources of uniqueness include machine serial numbers,
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- Haskin & Allen Standards Track [Page 4]
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- RFC 2023 IP Version 6 over PPP October 1996
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- other network hardware addresses, system clocks, etc. Note that it
- may not be sufficient to use a link-layer address alone as the
- seed, since it will not always be unique. Thus it is suggested
- that the seed should be calculated from a variety of sources that
- are likely to be different even on identical systems and as many
- sources as possible be used simultaneously. Good sources of
- uniqueness or randomness are required for the Interface-Token
- negotiation to succeed. If a good source of randomness cannot be
- found, it is recommended that a zero value be used for the
- Interface-Token transmitted in the Configure-Request. In this
- case the PPP peer may provide a valid non-zero Interface-Token in
- its response as described below. Note that if at least one of the
- PPP peers is able to generate a unique random number, the token
- negotiation will succeed.
-
- When a Configure-Request is received with the Interface-Token
- Configuration Option and the receiving peer implements this
- option, the received Interface-Token is compared with the
- Interface-Token of the last Configure-Request sent to the peer.
- Depending on the result of the comparison an implementation MUST
- respond in one of the following ways:
-
- If the two Interface-Tokens are different but the received
- Interface-Token is zero, a Configure-Ack is sent with a non-zero
- Interface-Token value suggested for use by the remote peer. Such
- a suggested Interface-Token MUST be different from the Interface-
- Token of the last Configure-Request sent to the peer.
-
- If the two Interface-Tokens are different and the received
- Interface-Token is not zero, the Interface-Token MUST be
- acknowledged, i.e. a Configure-Ack is sent with the requested
- Interface-Token, meaning that the responding peer agrees with the
- Interface-Token requested.
-
- If the two Interface-Tokens are equal and are not zero, a
- Configure-Nak MUST be sent specifying a different non-zero
- Interface-Token value suggested for use by the remote peer.
-
- If the two Interface-Tokens are equal to zero, the Interface-
- Tokens negotiation MUST be terminated by transmitting the
- Configure-Reject with the Interface-Token value set to zero. In
- this case a unique Interface-Token can not be negotiated.
-
- If a Configure-Request is received with the Interface-Token
- Configuration Option and the receiving peer does not implement
- this option, Configure-Rej is sent.
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- RFC 2023 IP Version 6 over PPP October 1996
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- A new Configure-Request SHOULD NOT be sent to the peer until
- normal processing would cause it to be sent (that is, until a
- Configure-Nak is received or the Restart timer runs out).
-
- A new Configure-Request MUST NOT contain the Interface-Token
- option if a valid Interface-Token Configure-Reject is received.
-
- Reception of a Configure-Nak with a suggested Interface-Token
- different from that of the last Configure-Nak sent to the peer
- indicates a unique Interface-Token. In this case a new
- Configure-Request MUST be sent with the token value suggested in
- the last Configure-Nak from the peer. But if the received
- Interface-Token is equal to the one sent in the last Configure-
- Nak, a new Interface-Token MUST be chosen. In this case, a new
- Configure-Request SHOULD be sent with the new tentative
- Interface-Token. This sequence (transmit Configure-Request,
- receive Configure-Request, transmit Configure-Nak, receive
- Configure-Nak) might occur a few times, but it is extremely
- unlikely to occur repeatedly. More likely, the Interface-Tokens
- chosen at either end will quickly diverge, terminating the
- sequence.
-
- If negotiation about the Interface-Token is required, and the peer
- did not provide the option in its Configure-Request, the option
- SHOULD be appended to a Configure-Nak. The tentative value of the
- Interface-Token given must be acceptable as the remote Interface-
- Token; i.e. should be different from the token value selected for
- the local end of the PPP link. The next Configure-Request from
- the peer may include this option. If the next Configure-Request
- does not include this option the peer MUST NOT send another
- Configure-Nak with this option included. It should assume that the
- peer's implementation does not support this option.
-
- By default, an implementation SHOULD attempt to negotiate the
- Interface-Token for its end of the PPP connection.
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- Haskin & Allen Standards Track [Page 6]
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- RFC 2023 IP Version 6 over PPP October 1996
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- A summary of the Interface-Token Configuration Option format is
- shown below. The fields are transmitted from left to right.
-
- 0 1 2 3
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- | Type | Length | Interface-Token
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- Interface-Token (cont) |
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
-
- Type
-
- 1
-
- Length
-
- 6
-
- Interface-Token
-
- The 32-bit Interface-Token which is very likely to be unique on
- the link or zero if a good source of uniqueness can not be found.
-
- Default Token Value
-
- If no valid interface token can be successfully negotiated, no
- default Interface-Token value should be assumed. The procedures
- for recovering from such a case are unspecified. One approach is
- to manually configure the interface token of the interface.
-
- 4.2. IPv6-Compression-Protocol
-
- Description
-
- This Configuration Option provides a way to negotiate the use of a
- specific IPv6 packet compression protocol. The IPv6-Compression-
- Protocol Configuration Option is used to indicate the ability to
- receive compressed packets. Each end of the link must separately
- request this option if bi-directional compression is desired. By
- default, compression is not enabled.
-
- IPv6 compression negotiated with this option is specific to IPv6
- datagrams and is not to be confused with compression resulting
- from negotiations via Compression Control Protocol (CCP), which
- potentially effect all datagrams.
-
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- Haskin & Allen Standards Track [Page 7]
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- RFC 2023 IP Version 6 over PPP October 1996
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- A summary of the IPv6-Compression-Protocol Configuration Option
- format is shown below. The fields are transmitted from left to
- right.
-
- 0 1 2 3
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- | Type | Length | IPv6-Compression-Protocol |
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- | Data ...
- +-+-+-+-+
-
- Type
-
- 2
-
- Length
-
- >= 4
-
- IPv6-Compression-Protocol
-
- The IPv6-Compression-Protocol field is two octets and indicates
- the compression protocol desired. Values for this field are
- always the same as the PPP Data Link Layer Protocol field values
- for that same compression protocol.
-
- Up-to-date values of the IPv6-Compression-Protocol field are
- specified in the most recent "Assigned Numbers" RFC [5].
-
- Current values are assigned as follows:
-
- Value (in hex) Protocol
-
- 004f IPv6 Header Compression
-
- Data
-
- The Data field is zero or more octets and contains additional data
- as determined by the particular compression protocol.
-
- Default
-
- No IPv6 compression protocol enabled.
-
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- Haskin & Allen Standards Track [Page 8]
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- RFC 2023 IP Version 6 over PPP October 1996
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- 5. Stateless Autoconfiguration and Link-Local Addresses
-
- The interface token, which is used for forming IPv6 addresses of a
- PPP interface, SHOULD be negotiated in the IPV6CP phase of the PPP
- connection setup (see section 4.1). If no valid interface token has
- been successfully negotiated, procedures for recovering from such a
- case are unspecified. One approach is to manually configure the
- interface token of the interface.
-
- As long as the interface token is negotiated in the IPV6CP phase of
- the PPP connection setup, it is redundant to perform duplicate
- address detection as a part of the IPv6 Stateless Autoconfiguration
- protocol [3]. Therefore it is recommended that for PPP links with
- the IPV6CP Interface-Token option enabled the default value of the
- DupAddrDetectTransmits autoconfiguration variable [3] be zero.
-
- Link-local addresses of PPP interfaces have the following format:
-
- | 10 bits | 86 bits | 32 bits |
- +----------+--------------+---------------------+-----------------+
- |1111111010| 0 | Interface Token |
- +----------+--------------+---------------------+-----------------+
-
- The most significant 10 bits of the address is the Link-Local prefix
- FE80::. 86 zero bits pad out the address between the Link-Local
- prefix and the Interface Token fields.
-
- A. IPV6CP Recommended Options
-
- The following Configurations Options are recommended:
-
- Interface-Token
-
- IPv6-Compression-Protocol
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- Haskin & Allen Standards Track [Page 9]
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- RFC 2023 IP Version 6 over PPP October 1996
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- Security Considerations
-
- Security issues are not discussed in this memo.
-
- References
-
-
- [1] Simpson, W., "The Point-to-Point Protocol", STD 51, RFC 1661,
- July 1994.
-
- [2] Deering, S., and R. Hinden, Editors, "Internet Protocol,
- Version 6 (IPv6) Specification", RFC 1883, December 1995.
-
- [2] Hinden, R., and S. Deering, "IP Version 6 Addressing
- Architecture", RFC 1884, December 1995.
-
- [3] Thomson, S., and T. Narten, "IPv6 Stateless Address
- Autoconfiguration", RFC 1971, August 1996.
-
- [4] Narten, T., Nordmark, E., and W. Simpson, "Neighbor Discovery
- for IP Version 6 (IPv6)", RFC 1970, August 1996.
-
- [5] Reynolds, J., and J. Postel, "Assigned Numbers", STD 2, RFC
- 1700, October 1994.
-
- Acknowledgments
-
- This document borrows from the Magic-Number LCP option and as such is
- partially based on previous work done by the PPP working group.
-
- Authors' Addresses
-
- Dimitry Haskin
- Bay Networks, Inc.
- 2 Federal Street
- Billerica, MA 01821
- email: dhaskin@baynetworks.com
-
- Ed Allen
- Bay Networks, Inc.
- 2 Federal Street
- Billerica, MA 01821
- email: eallen@baynetworks.com
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- Haskin & Allen Standards Track [Page 10]
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