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- From: aschaffe@holodeck.csd.sgi.com (Allan Schaffer)
- Newsgroups: comp.sys.sgi.misc,comp.sys.sgi.admin,comp.sys.sgi.apps,comp.sys.sgi.bugs,comp.sys.sgi.graphics,comp.sys.sgi.hardware,comp.answers,news.answers
- Subject: SGI graphics Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
- Supersedes: <graphics_742714517@fido.asd.sgi.com>
- Followup-To: comp.sys.sgi.misc
- Date: 15 Jul 1993 07:00:55 GMT
- Organization: Silicon Graphics, Inc., Mountain View, CA
- Lines: 1503
- Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.Edu
- Expires: 13 Aug 1993 07:01:01 GMT
- Message-ID: <graphics_742719661@fido.asd.sgi.com>
- References: <misc_742719661@fido.asd.sgi.com>
- Reply-To: sgi-faq@archone.tamu.edu
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- Originator: aschaffe@holodeck.csd.sgi.com
- Xref: senator-bedfellow.mit.edu comp.sys.sgi.misc:3346 comp.sys.sgi.admin:2206 comp.sys.sgi.apps:1068 comp.sys.sgi.bugs:1107 comp.sys.sgi.graphics:1590 comp.sys.sgi.hardware:1772 comp.answers:1306 news.answers:10353
-
-
- Archive-name: sgi/faq/graphics
-
- SGI graphics Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
-
-
- This information is freely distributable and wide circulation is encouraged.
- The contents are accurate as far as we know, but the usual disclaimers apply.
- This FAQ contains errors! Finding them is an exercise for alert readers.
-
- Please send additions and changes to sgi-faq@archone.tamu.edu.
-
- This FAQ is one of the SGI FAQ series, which consists of:
-
- SGI Admin FAQ - IRIX System Administration
- SGI Apps FAQ - Applications & Compilers
- SGI Graphics FAQ - Graphics & Windowing
- SGI Hardware FAQ - Hardware issues
- SGI Misc FAQ - Introduction & Miscellaneous Information
-
- Each FAQ is posted to each comp.sys.sgi.* group as well as the news.answers
- and comp.answers newsgroups (whose purpose is to store FAQs) every two weeks.
- If you can't find one of the FAQs with your news program, you can get it by
- anonymous FTP from one of these sites:
-
- rtfm.mit.edu:pub/usenet/news.answers/sgi/faq/graphics
- rtfm.mit.edu:pub/usenet/comp.sys.sgi.misc/SGI_graphics_Frequently_Asked_Questions
- archone.tamu.edu:ftp/pub/sgi/faq/graphics
- rtfm.mit.edu:pub/usenet/comp.answers/sgi/faq/graphics
-
- Note that rtfm.mit.edu is home to many other FAQs and informational documents,
- and is a good place to look if you can't find an answer here.
-
- Topics covered in this FAQ:
- --------------------------
- -1- How can I quickly find the question I want in this FAQ?
- -2- What books about the X Window System and OSF/Motif
- do you recommend?
- -3- Sun XView applications like "mailtool" are hanging
- my X server in 4.0.5. They come up fine, but as soon
- as I click on them the server freezes.
- ! -4- Why do I get DGL errors when trying to run Jot,
- Workspace, or other IRIS GL applications on an
- X terminal or other non-SGI workstation?
- -5- After running a few programs, the colors change as
- the cursor moves. The colors are usually all wrong
- in other windows.
- -6- How can I change my X Server to use a 12-bit PseudoColor,
- 12-bit TrueColor, or 24-bit TrueColor visual by default?
- -7- The library /usr/lib/libgl_s.a isn't on my R4000 Indigo.
- Where is it?
- -8- How do I run a program on one machine and display
- it on another?
- -9- Does the DISPLAY environment variable work for
- GL applications?
- -10- The DISPLAY variable doesn't seem to work. Why?
- -11- I'm getting DGL errors when I display an Iris GL
- application to another SGI machine.
- -12- Can I save my screen layout?
- -13- Sometimes an extra 4Dwm is running, using a lot of
- the CPU. Is this necessary?
- -14- I'm running IRIX 4.0.1, and can't log in correctly.
- After logging in the screen turns blue then goes back
- to Pandora.
- -15- How do I run 'xinit' manually, (not automatically
- from 'xdm')?
- -16- How do I start X on a remote host with no users logged in?
- -17- What do the errors in my 'xdm-errors' file mean?
- -18- How do I log into pandora without bringing up graphics?
- -19- How do I start and stop the graphics system?
- -20- Pandora won't come up, and /usr/adm/SYSLOG says
- "helvetica font missing"
- -21- How do I restart the console?
- -22- What are resources?
- -23- How do I set resources?
- -24- How do I know what resources I can set for an application?
- -25- How do I run the same program twice with different attributes?
- -26- Does the GL recognize resources?
- -27- How do I find out what fonts are available?
- -28- Does SGI provide any tools to help with the
- customization process?
- -29- What is a good approach to take in looking for resources?
- -30- What is the precedence for resource files?
- -31- What files affect the window manager and what is
- their relationship to each other?
- -32- Do I need my own .4Dwmrc file?
- -33- Can I run different window managers?
- -34- How do I choose a different window manager as the default?
- -35- Where can I learn more about the Window Manager behavior?
- -36- How do I recover from a failed customization attempt?
- -37- What is the difference between .xsession and .sgisession?
- -38- After copying /usr/lib/X11/xdm/Xsession to .xsession,
- I can't login.
- -39- What are the important login and resource files
- for IRIX 4D1-4.0?
- -40- What is the sequence of events that occur at login time?
- -41- How can I convert RGB Bitmaps to & from other formats?
- -42- Can I compress RGB bitmaps?
- -43- How can I look at a Postscript file?
- -44- How do I make a screen dump?
- -45- Can I use 4Dgifts code in my application?
- -46- What does ERR_WMANIPC mean?
- -47- How can I translate screen (x,y) coords into world
- (x,y,z) coords?
- -48- How can I translate world (x,y,z) coords into
- screen (x,y) coords?
- -49- I call mapcolor(index, R, G, B) but nothing happens. Why?
- ! -50- What's wrong with blink()?
- -51- When I try to run UIM/X uxserverd, I get an
- error message saying, "license file has been
- modified, cannot start the UIM/X license server".
- + -52- What is a GL widget?
- + -53- I'm using the GlxMDraw widget and it doesn't seem
- that colors are being installed correctly. Overlays
- in the GlxMDraw widget are displayed in red and gray
- instead of the colors I specify. What is the problem?
- + -54- I get a "Broken Pipe" error when I close the window
- of an X client, such as xman or xterm. What does
- this error mean? Is there something wrong with my system?
- + -55- Is there a way to switch on the fly between single
- and double buffering within a GL widget?
- + -56- Why doesn't SGI's xlock lock my screen?
- + -57- Why do I get compilation errors when compiling the
- Inventor C++ examples, using C++ 3.0?
- -58- Credits
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Subject: -1- How can I quickly find the question I want in this FAQ?
- Date: 27 May 93 00:00:01 EST
-
- - This FAQ follows the RFC1153 recommendations for message digests and thus
- can be viewed easily with newsreaders that understand message digests.
- - Each question has a Subject: line, so you can easily step through the answers
- with rn's ^G command.
- - Each question is marked with a "dash number dash" so that you can find any
- answer with a simple search pattern.
- - Questions marked with a '+' are new this posting; those marked with a '!'
- have significant new content since the last edition.
-
- ------------------------------
-
-
- Subject: -2- What books about the X Window System and OSF/Motif
- do you recommend?
- Date: 07 May 93 00:00:01 EST
-
- Introductory Texts on the X Window System
-
- - O'Reilly and Associates Inc., "The Definitive Guides to
- the X Window System", by Valerie Quercia and Tim O'Reilly. Vol. 3,
- "X Window System User's Guide", Sebastopol, CA., 1988, 1989.
-
- Discusses being an end user of the X window system. Covers
- topics like window manages, font specifications, standard X
- clients and resources.
-
- Texts on X Window System Programming
-
- - O'Reilly and Associates, Inc. "The Definitive Guides to the
- X Window System", by Adrian Nye. Vol. 1, "Xlib Programming
- Manual", Sebastopol, CA., 1990.
-
- Contains the introductory elements for programming with the
- Xlib, the lowest level of the X window system. Discusses
- concepts such as X color capacities, windows, events,
- drawing primitives.
-
- - Young, Douglas A., "X Window Systems Programming and Applications
- with Xt" (OSF/Motif Edition). Prentice Hall. Englewood
- Cliffs, NJ. 1990.
-
- A thorough book starting with the basics of programming with
- a toolkit though advanced topics. Contains source code for
- several small complete applications. (Source code for this
- book is also available on line in the /usr/src directory of
- the Motif Development option.)
-
- - O'Reilly and Associates Inc., "The Definitive Guides to
- the X Window System", by Adrian Nye and Tim O'Reilly. Vol. 4,
- "X Toolkit Intrinsics Programming Manual", Sebastopol, CA., 1990.
-
- Another reference for programming with the OSF/Motif
- toolkit. Covers topics including basic programming,
- widgets, resources, and more advanced topics.
-
- Reference Texts for the X Window System :
-
- - O'Reilly and Associates Inc., "The Definitive Guides to
- the X Window System", by Adrian Nye. Vol. 2,
- "Xlib Reference Manual", Sebastopol, CA., 1988.
-
- Complete reference for Xlib library routines.
-
- - Scheifler, Robert and James Gettys, X Window System, Second Edition,
- Digital Press, 1990. ISBN 1-55558-050-5.
-
- Referred to as "the Bible" of Xlib and X Protocol reference.
-
- Reference Texts for the OSF/Motif Toolkit :
-
- - Open Software Foundation, "OSF/Motif Programmer's Guide".
- Release 1.1, Prentice Hall. Englewood Cliffs, NJ. 1990.
-
- Exhaustive reference of every widget in the OSF/Motif library.
-
- - Asente, Paul J. and Ralph R. Swick. "X Window System Toolkit".
- X Version 11, Release 4. Digital Press. 1990.
-
- Very in-depth reference to the structure and operation of
- an X window system toolkit.
-
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: -3- Sun XView applications like "mailtool" are hanging
- my X server in 4.0.5. They come up fine, but as soon
- as I click on them the server freezes.
- Date: 07 May 93 00:00:01 EST
-
- Any XView application run under the Xsgi X11-server shipped in
- IRIX versions 4.0.5A through 4.0.5G will lock the X Server on
- the first mouse click and will not release it until killed from
- somewhere else. Fortunately there is a workaround:
-
- a) Run the application with '-Wfsdb' on the command line.
- Alternatively you could use '-fullscreendebug'. For example:
-
- % mailtool -Wfsdb
-
- b) If you have the sources, add
- extern int fullscreendebug;
- before main() and
- fullscreendebug = 1;
- after the xv_init() call. This forces the program to set this
- flag in any case - even when run with non-SGI X servers. It
- releases you of the danger of omitting -Wfsdb and locking
- your screen.
-
- c) if the program uses the 'fullscreen' package, you might add
- Fullscreen.Debug: True
- in $HOME/.Xresources or specify this resource on the command
- line. This flag currently disables grabs in both the 'window'
- and the 'fullscreen' package, but is only set from resources
- in the 'fullscreen' package.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: ! -4- Why do I get DGL errors when trying to run Jot,
- Workspace, or other IRIS GL applications on an
- X terminal or other non-SGI workstation?
- Date: 07 May 93 00:00:01 EST
-
- This occurs because X Terminals and other vendors X servers
- only understand X protocols. The above applications use Iris GL,
- which is not an X server extension.
-
- It is not currently possible to display IRIS GL-based applications
- on X terminals or other non-SGI workstations.
-
- Typically the error message resembles the following:
-
- dgl error (TCP connect): Connection refused
- dgl error (default init): default dglopen(host:0,4) returned -127
-
- When OpenGL is available from other vendors, then you will be able
- to do OpenGL rendering to those servers that export the GLX extension.
- OpenGL is a normal X extension and the transport happens automatically
- via the X transport stream.
-
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: -5- After running a few programs, the colors change as
- the cursor moves. The colors are usually all wrong
- in other windows.
- Date: 07 May 93 00:00:01 EST
-
- This is known as colormap flashing. It is caused by the server
- maintaining 2 seperate colormaps, one for GL windows and one for
- X windows. As the cursor moves around, the window manager will
- install the correct colormap for each window. This will cause
- colors to be wrong in other windows. For more information on
- colormaps and installation please see the Xlib Programming manual,
- chapter 7 (Vol I of the O'Reilly series).
-
- You can sometimes avoid colormap flasing by configuring your
- X Server to use a 12-bit or 24-bit visual by default.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: -6- How can I change my X Server to use a 12-bit PseudoColor,
- 12-bit TrueColor, or 24-bit TrueColor visual by default?
- Date: 07 May 93 00:00:01 EST
-
- By default, the SGI X Server is configured to use an 8-bit
- PseudoColor visual. X-based applications can request other
- visuals directly if they are available. Alternatively, you
- can change the default visual by performing the following steps:
-
- a) Run "/usr/bin/X11/xdpyinfo" and check that your server is
- capable of using a 12-bit or 24-bit visual. If it is,
- you will see lines similar to the following:
-
- visual id, max buffers, depth: 0x28, 0, 12
- visual id, max buffers, depth: 0x29, 0, 12
- visual id, max buffers, depth: 0x2a, 0, 24
-
- The last number on each line represents the number of
- bits available for that visual.
-
- b) Log in as root
-
- c) Edit the file /usr/lib/X11/xdm/Xservers. By default it
- will contain the string:
- :0 secure /usr/bin/X11/X -bs -c -pseudomap 4sight
- for a 24-bit TrueColor visual change it to:
- :0 secure /usr/bin/X11/X -bs -c -class TrueColor -depth 24
- for a 12-bit PseudoColor visual change it to:
- :0 secure /usr/bin/X11/X -bs -c -class PseudoColor -depth 12
-
- d) Restart your X server. You can do this by invoking either
- of the following commands:
-
- % killall -TERM Xsgi
-
- % /usr/gfx/stopgfx; /usr/gfx/startgfx
-
- Note: X Server visuals are an advanced topic; before making
- the above changes you should be aware that some 3rd-party and
- freeware applications might not gracefully adapt to an X Server
- which supplies anything but an 8-bit PseudoColor visual by default.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: -7- The library /usr/lib/libgl_s.a isn't on my R4000 Indigo.
- Where is it?
- Date: 07 May 93 00:00:01 EST
-
- It's in the "maint" software, in the maint_gl_x_dev package.
-
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: -8- How do I run a program on one machine and display
- it on another?
- Date: 07 May 93 00:00:01 EST
-
- Use the DISPLAY environment variable to specify the remote host
- on which you want the X client to be displayed; then invoke the
- appplication.
-
- To specify the remote host:
-
- setenv DISPLAY <destination>:0
-
- where <destination> is the name or IP address of the remote host.
-
- To specify the local host (console):
-
- setenv DISPLAY :0
-
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: -9- Does the DISPLAY environment variable work for
- GL applications?
- Date: 07 May 93 00:00:01 EST
-
- Yes. Iris GL programs display on the machine specified by the
- DISPLAY environment variable. This occurs because the GL now uses
- the Distributed Graphics Library (DGL) capabilities by default. It
- is important to remember that only Silicon Graphics' machines can
- display GL. For networks running NIS (formerly yellow pages),
- it is sometimes necessary to add the flag "-lsun" when compiling.
-
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: -10- The DISPLAY variable doesn't seem to work. Why?
- Date: 07 May 93 00:00:01 EST
-
- There are several possibilities. First, check your DISPLAY
- variable to make sure it is syntactically correct. For example,
- to display applications on a machine named "enterprise" whose
- IP address is 123.45.678.90, it should be set to "enterprise:0"
- or "123.45.678.90:0".
-
- Also, try to "ping" the machine to which your DISPLAY variable
- is set. If this does not work, you have either specified an
- invalid hostname, the host is down, or you are having network
- problems.
-
- Sometimes, when trying to display to a remote server, you see
- messages like "permission denied" or "can't connect to server".
- To solve permission problems, you need to disable access control
- on the remote server using the xhost command. By default, access
- control is disabled on Silicon Graphics' machines.
-
- For more information see Chapter 3 of the X Window System
- User's Guide, (Vol. 3 of the O'Reilly series)
-
- If NIS is used, make sure the client is linked with "-lsun".
-
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: -11- I'm getting DGL errors when I display an Iris GL
- application to another SGI machine.
- Date: 07 May 93 00:00:01 EST
-
- Commonly the errors will look like:
-
- dgl error (TCP connect): Connection refused
- dgl error (default init): default dglopen(enterprise:0) returned -127
-
- If this is the case, check the files /etc/services and
- /usr/etc/inetd.conf on both machines. Make sure neither
- of the lines below have been commented out. The services
- file should contain a line which reads:
-
- sgi-dgl 5232/tcp
-
- inetd.conf should contain a line which reads:
-
- sgi-dgl stream tcp nowait root /usr/etc/dgld dgld -IM -tDGLTSOCKET
-
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: -12- Can I save my screen layout?
- Date: 07 May 93 00:00:01 EST
-
- Not very easily. You must run "xwininfo" to find the X and Y
- position of each window, then use that information to customize
- your .sgisession or .xsession files.
-
- There is also a tool called "xtoolplaces" that was posted to
- comp.sources.x in volume14.
-
- For more information see Chapter 3 of the X Window System
- User's Guide, (Vol. 3 of the O'Reilly series)
-
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: -13- Sometimes an extra 4Dwm is running, using a lot of
- the CPU. Is this necessary?
- Date: 07 May 93 00:00:01 EST
-
- No, there should only be one. This multiple window manager
- problem usually is triggered by the "kill" feedback of the
- window manager when a user logs out. The workaround for the
- problem is to remove the "kill" feedback.
-
- The "kill" feedback is controlled by the resource "showFeedback." For
- 4Dwm, this resource is defined in /usr/lib/X11/app-defaults/4DWm as:
-
- *showFeedback: behavior restart quit kill
-
- Modify the resource to read:
-
- *showFeedback: behavior restart quit
-
- For mwm, set a "showFeedback" resource that does not include the
- "kill" feedback in /usr/lib/X11/app-defaults/Mwm. A sample setting is:
-
- Mwm*showFeedback: move placement resize behavior restart quit
-
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: -14- I'm running IRIX 4.0.1, and can't log in correctly.
- After logging in the screen turns blue then goes back
- to Pandora.
- Date: 07 May 93 00:00:01 EST
-
- The problem is caused by an incorrect shutdown. When you log
- out, xdm runs /usr/sbin/gamma and writes the current value to
- /etc/config/system.glGammaVal. IRIX buffers this data in main
- memory in the buffer cache. If the system is powered off right
- after logout, the data is not written to the file.
-
- a) Login to your system as root, either via the network or
- by taking the machine down to single-user mode.
-
- b) enter these commands at the # prompt:
-
- # cd /etc/config
- # cat system.glGammaVal
-
- If the cat command returns a value of 1.7000, contact your technical
- support provider for additional troubleshooting. If the command
- returns nothing (empty file) or "0", it means the problem can be
- fixed by entering the following command:
-
- # /bin/rm system.glGammaVal
- # /bin/echo "1.7" > system.glGammaVal
-
- Check your work:
- # cat system.glGammaVal
-
- The command above should now return 1.7.
-
- Your login should now be successful. If you edited the file while
- Pandora was running, you'll find the first login attempt will fail,
- but any later attempts will be successful. After the first login
- attempt, Pandora will read in the correct gamma value.
-
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: -15- How do I run 'xinit' manually, (not automatically
- from 'xdm')?
- Date: 07 May 93 00:00:01 EST
-
- Note that this change would affect all users.
-
- 1) log in as root
- 2) Type:
- /usr/gfx/stopgfx
- chkconfig xdm off.
- 3) all users need to copy /usr/bin/X11/X to their home directory
- (renaming the file to .xserverrc), removing the if test for
- windowsystem, OR be familiar enough with xinit to have an
- alternate command line.
- 4) transfer all startup programs from .xsession/.sgisession to .xinitrc.
- 5) the last program to start from .xinitrc must not exit. When this
- one exits, the session terminates.
-
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: -16- How do I start X on a remote host with no users logged in?
- Date: 07 May 93 00:00:01 EST
-
- This example starts up an xclock on the remote system. The easy
- way to test this for now is to rlogin to the system and type the
- commands. Once something works you can write some shell scripts
- and use rsh to run them:
-
- hydra is being used to login to oscar and start graphics on oscar.
- oscar is displaying the pandora login when this is done:
-
- hydra 2% rlogin oscar -l root
- oscar 1# /usr/gfx/stopgfx (screen blanks)
- oscar 2# chkconfig windowsystem on
- oscar 3# setenv DISPLAY :0.0 (display on local screen)
- oscar 4# /usr/bin/X11/X & (start Xsgi)
- oscar 5# xclock & (clock is displayed)
-
- To clean up:
-
- oscar 6# /usr/gfx/stopgfx (screen blanks)
- oscar 7# /usr/gfx/startgfx (re-start pandora)
-
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: -17- What do the errors in my 'xdm-errors' file mean?
- Date: 07 May 93 00:00:01 EST
-
- It depends on the error message, obviously. Some are:
-
- unable to load display mode, rnid = 196614, errno = 22
- Failed to unbind rn from clip, rnid = 3,errno = 22
- bogus window id in rrm request type(2)
-
- These are messages related to the communication between the rrm
- layer in the kernel and the X server. The messages usually occur
- when a GL window is being destroyed in a sequence that the X server
- did not expect. They are quite benign.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: -18- How do I log into pandora without bringing up graphics?
- Date: 07 May 93 00:00:01 EST
-
- In IRIX 3.3 you could specify the "NOGRAPHICS" option on the
- login screen. The "NOGRAPHICS" option has been replaced with
- the keyword "failsafe" that is typed after the users name on
- the login screen. However, this command no longer brings up
- a "textport" window without graphics. Instead, it now starts
- a single xwsh on the center of the screen with no window manager.
- Example login:
-
- login: root failsafe
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: -19- How do I start and stop the graphics system?
- Date: 07 May 93 00:00:01 EST
-
- Use /usr/gfx/startgfx and /usr/gfx/stopgfx. Be aware that
- stopgfx will kill any active windows and log you out. Under
- IRIX 3.* use /etc/gl/restartgl.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: -20- Pandora won't come up, and /usr/adm/SYSLOG says
- "helvetica font missing"
- Date: 07 May 93 00:00:01 EST
-
- It appears that the subsystem, "eoe2.sw.fonts" did not get loaded.
- Re-install the subsystem using the following sequence from 'inst':
- 1) type "inst" or boot the mini-root, as documented in Section 4.5
- of the "IRIS Software Installation Guide"
- 2) keep *
- 3) set neweroverride on
- 4) install eoe2.sw.fonts
- 5) exit
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: -21- How do I restart the console?
- Date: 07 May 93 00:00:01 EST
-
- Use /usr/sbin/startconsole. In IRIX 3.*, use /etc/gl/startconsole.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: -22- What are resources?
- Date: 07 May 93 00:00:01 EST
-
- Basically, resources are "attributes" that control the
- look and feel of an application. Resources include color, fonts,
- size, location, and more. Resources can have a complex format for
- binding strengths.
-
- For a complete description of resources, including a description
- of "loose" and "tight" bindings, consult a book listed in the
- bibliography for question #25.
-
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: -23- How do I set resources?
- Date: 07 May 93 00:00:01 EST
-
- There are many ways to set resources. Resources may be listed
- in files or contained in a data base. It is recommended that
- you consult a Book on X as well as the man page for "xrdb"
- for detailed descriptions. Generally speaking, if xrdb is not
- used, resource files are specified through environment
- variables. Question #14 addresses the precedence of these
- files and variables.
-
- For some examples, see the file /usr/tutor/Customize/example.Xdefaults.
-
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: -24- How do I know what resources I can set for an application?
- Date: 07 May 93 00:00:01 EST
-
- The most common place to find resource variables for a particular
- application is in the man page for that application.
-
- For example, take a look at the man page for `xwsh'. Look for
- the section heading called `RESOURCES'. This section lists
- each resource for `xwsh', and in some cases, the valid
- values for that resource.
-
- Also, many major applications are built on top of the
- Xt toolkit. There are standard resources that these
- applications recognize. For a more complete description,
- see one of the books on Xt listed in the bibliography.
-
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: -25- How do I run the same program twice with different attributes?
- Date: 07 May 93 00:00:01 EST
-
- To accomplish this task, you need to take advantage of the
- "instance vs class" concept. This concept is explained further
- in most books on Xt.
-
- Many applications have a resource that lets you to give it a unique name.
- For example, from the xwsh man page :
-
-
- -name instance-name
- Provide a unique name for an xwsh window. This name becomes
- the instance name of the specific xwsh, with the class name
- always being "XWsh".
-
- Using the -name option allows you to give "names" to different
- instances of xwsh and assign different resources to each one.
- So if you want two different xwsh's with different resource sets,
- give them two different names, say howdymom and howdydoody, for example.
- Add the following to your ~/.Xdefaults file (if you use .Xdefaults) :
-
- howdymom*foreground: SeaGreen
- howdydoody*foreground: SGIBeet
-
- Now all you have to do is start them up :
- xwsh -name howdymom&
- xwsh -name howdydoody&
-
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: -26- Does the GL recognize resources?
- Date: 07 May 93 00:00:01 EST
-
- Yes. In IRIX 4.0 and later, the GL responds to several X resources,
- allowing run-time control over some aspects of GL programs.
-
- The man page assumes you are somewhat familiar with X resources, if you
- are not, you should read some X documentation such as Volume 3 of the
- O'Reily X books.
-
- The GL uses resources names with the prefixes
- appname.gl. (instance prefix)
- Appname.GL. (class prefix)
- where appname and Appname are derived from the argument to the GL
- program's first call to winopen(3G) upper case.
-
- For complete information see the man page for GLRESOURCES.
-
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: -27- How do I find out what fonts are available?
- Date: 07 May 93 00:00:01 EST
-
- The xfontsel and xlsfonts utilities help you find appropriate fonts.
- xlsfonts lists the fonts; xfontsel provides an interface for selecting
- a desired font. To use xfontsel, choose "Font Names" from the
- Customization rollover menu in the Toolchest. Please see the man
- pages and the IRIS Utilities Guide for further information.
-
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: -28- Does SGI provide any tools to help with the
- customization process?
- Date: 07 May 93 00:00:01 EST
-
- Yes. The Customization rollover menu in the Toolchest contains three
- entries: Window Info, Color Names, and Font Names. Please refer
- to the man pages on these commands for details: xfontsel, xlsfonts,
- xwininfo, xdpyinfo, xprop, appres, listres, and xrdb.
-
- Also, see the "WorkSpace User's Guide" and the example files in
- /usr/tutor/Customize.
-
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: -29- What is a good approach to take in looking for resources?
- Date: 07 May 93 00:00:01 EST
-
- The following is a recommended list of steps
- to take when searching for a resource, binding, behavior, etc.
-
- 1) Look in the 4.0 Transition Guide.
- 2) Look in /usr/tutor/Customize.
- 3) Look in /usr/demos.
- 4) Look in ~4Dgifts. (Available with the development option.)
- 5) If the client you are interested in is a GL client, see the
- man page for GLRESOURCES.
- 6) Look in /usr/lib/X11/app-defaults/ClientName.
- 7) Look in /usr/lib/X11/system.* .
- 8) Look through the man page for the client you are interested in.
- 9) Look in O'Reilly & Associates Vol. III. It has many gems
- pertaining to standard X clients.
- 10) Look in the documentation that came with your application.
- 11) Look in the OSF Motif manuals.
- 12) Post to comp.windows.x if you can not find
- an answer using steps 1 through 11.
-
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: -30- What is the precedence for resource files?
- Date: 07 May 93 00:00:01 EST
-
- The following list indicates the weight of set resources.
- Items at the top have the greatest weight.
-
- 1) Hard coded values for resources.
- 2) Command line arguments.
- 3) Resources pointed to by $XENVIRONMENT.
- 4) Resource values loaded into the Resource Data Base via xrdb.
- 5) Resources pointed to by other environment variables :
-
- IF $XUSERFILESEARCHPATH is set
- then it contains a list of directories to search.
-
- ELSE IF $XAPPLRESDIR is set
- it contains a single directory, and a short list of related
- directories (e.g. adjusted for language) is where resource
- files must be found.
-
- ELSE
- Look in a short list of places related to $HOME (e.g.
- language adjusted). This includes files in $HOME that have
- the
- name of the class of the application.
-
- 6) Resource values set in $HOME/.Xdefaults, provided that the
- RESOURCE_MANAGER property hasn't been set via the xrdb command.
- (see the third paragraph in the xrdb man page)
- 7) Values set in /usr/lib/X11/app-defaults/*.
- 8) Values set through through the application's fall back mechanism.
-
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: -31- What files affect the window manager and what is
- their relationship to each other?
- Date: 07 May 93 00:00:01 EST
-
- 1)~/.4Dwmrc, if you have one
- 2)/usr/lib/X11/system.4Dwmrc
- 3)/usr/bin/X11/4Dwm
- 4)/usr/lib/X11/app-defaults/4Dwm
- 5)~/.Xdefaults (or wherever you set resources)
-
- When 4Dwm is started, it looks for ~/.4Dwmrc. If it does
- not exist, it looks at /usr/lib/X11/system.4Dwmrc. The
- definitions for button bindings, menus, etc are contained
- in these files. For a better description of bindings,
- look in /usr/tutor/Customize/example.4Dwmrc and /usr/people/
- 4Dgifts/.4Dwmrc. Also see the man pages for 4Dwm.
-
- The resource set for the bindings will actually "choose"
- which binding definition is set.
-
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: -32- Do I need my own .4Dwmrc file?
- Date: 07 May 93 00:00:01 EST
-
- Not necessarily. As mentioned in the previous question,
- actual bindings are determined by resource names. If there
- is a binding definition in /usr/lib/X11/system.4Dwmrc
- that you like, you may choose it by setting the appropriate
- resource.
-
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: -33- Can I run different window managers?
- Date: 07 May 93 00:00:01 EST
-
- In Irix 4D1-4.0, you may choose 4Dwm, mwm, twm, or uwm. Note that GL
- programs are guaranteed to work only under 4Dwm.
-
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: -34- How do I choose a different window manager as the default?
- Date: 07 May 93 00:00:01 EST
-
- You must use a .xsession file and explicitly invoke the
- window manager and any other applications you want to
- use, such as 'toolchest' and 'xwsh'.
-
- After making this change, you may only be able to log out
- by using the "Log Out" selection in the toolchest, or by
- executing /usr/bin/X11/endsession.
-
- Here are the contents a sample .xsession file:
-
- xhost + &
- toolchest -name ToolChest > /dev/console 2&>1 &
- winterm -bg red &
- winterm -bg blue &
- mwm > /dev/console 2&>1 &
- /usr/bin/X11/reaper
-
- Note that 'reaper' is not put into the background.
- When 'reaper' exits you will be logged out.
-
- Alternatively, you can do the following steps:
-
- 1. cp /usr/lib/X11/xdm/Xsession ~/.xsession
-
- 2. Remove the lines in ~/.xsession that say:
- if [ -r $xsession -a "$0" != $xsession ]; then
- if [ -x $xsession ]; then
- exec $xsession
- else
- exec /bin/sh $xsession
- fi
- fi
-
- 3. Change the line that says:
- /usr/bin/X11/4Dwm >/dev/console 2>&1 &
- to:
- /usr/bin/X11/mwm > /dev/console 2>&1 &
-
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: -35- Where can I learn more about the Window Manager behavior?
- Date: 07 May 93 00:00:01 EST
-
- The man pages for 4Dwm and mwm contain a wealth of
- information on the window manager. There are
- also online files. You may want to read
- /usr/tutor/Customize/example.4Dwmrc as well as
- /usr/people/4Dgifts/.4Dwmrc (if you have the IDO option).
- The OSF/Motif manuals listed in the bibliography are
- also good places to find information. (4Dwm is based
- on mwm).
-
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: -36- How do I recover from a failed customization attempt?
- Date: 07 May 93 00:00:01 EST
-
- If your attempt at customization leaves you in a state
- where buttons and menus are no longer recognized, you
- can recover by pressing the <Alt><CTRL><Shift><!>keys
- simultaneously. A menu appears that will let you
- choose Motif, Iris, or user defaults. Choose either
- Motif or Iris defaults and then push OK. This
- restarts the window manager to a usable state.
-
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: -37- What is the difference between .xsession and .sgisession?
- Date: 07 May 93 00:00:01 EST
-
- The system Xsession file (/usr/lib/X11/xdm/Xsession or Xsession-remote)
- starts up a number of important things when you log in, eg. 4Dwm,
- toolchest, loads resources, sets your XUSERFILESEARCHPATH, sets your
- root background, etc.
-
- One of the last things it does is look in your home directory for
- a .sgisession file. This allows you to start additional programs
- at login time. This is the file that you would use to start a mailbox,
- additional window, a calendar, etc.
-
- ADVANTAGES OF $HOME/.sgisession :
-
- 1) You don't need to read through yet another system file to see
- what you need or don't need.
-
- 2) You can override some of the defaults the system default has
- given you.
-
- DISADVANTAGES OF $HOME/.sgisession :
-
- 1) You cannot override ALL of the defaults set for you.
-
- 2) Some things you can't change from a .sgisession file :
- A) You can't start a different window manager.
- B) You can't change the way the console starts.
- C) You can't change toolchest output redirection to
- the console.
-
- 3) Users of other vendors equipment are used to seeing a .xsession file.
-
- After checking for a "failsafe" (ie. no graphics) login, one of
- the first things that /usr/lib/X11/xdm/Xsession does is check for
- $HOME/.xsession. If it exists, Xsession will exec your .xsession
- file. This means that if you are REALLY sure you know what you are
- doing, you can login with a different window manager, xterm as a
- console, or xwsh not already iconified, etc. You can also turn
- off the toolchest output redirection, and start anything else you
- might have done in $HOME/.sgisession. There is a discussion on
- xsession files in volume 3 of the O'Reilly series.
-
- This next part might be redundant
-
- From the login event sequence mentioned earlier, you will note
- that /usr/lib/X11/xdm/Xsession tries to exec $HOME/.xsession
- if it exists. This is how you would go about changing
- programs started by default. An example is the start of the
- window manager. There is a discussion on xsession files in volume
- 3 of the O'Reilly series. For examples of alternate xsession files
- look at /usr/people/4Dgifts/.xsession or /usr/demos/.xsession.
-
- If you don't have a $HOME/.xsession file, /usr/lib/X11/xdm/Xsession
- starts things for you and eventually looks for $HOME/.sgisession.
- This is a good way to start additional programs without
- changing what is started by default.
-
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: -38- After copying /usr/lib/X11/xdm/Xsession to .xsession,
- I can't login.
- Date: 07 May 93 00:00:01 EST
-
- After copying this file to your home directory, you need
- to remove all references to "xsession". References to xsession
- cause the system to try to execute $HOME/.xsession, which will
- create an infinite loop.
-
- Remove the lines in ~/.xsession that say:
-
- if [ -r $xsession -a "$0" != $xsession ]; then
- if [ -x $xsession ]; then
- exec $xsession
- else
- exec /bin/sh $xsession
- fi
- fi
-
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: -39- What are the important login and resource files
- for IRIX 4D1-4.0?
- Date: 07 May 93 00:00:01 EST
-
- The following three file groupings indicate where files that
- affect your login session reside.
-
- 1) /usr/lib/X11/* - This is THE starting place. Here you find
- the system default bindings for Motif, 4Dwm, and the
- Toolchest. The xdm directory lives here as well as the
- app-defaults directory. xdm controls the session management.Many
- application defaults are set in the app-defaults directory.
-
- 2) $HOME/[.Xdefaults, .4Dwmrc, .chestrc, .xsession, .sgisession]
- Here you find the files that control your system set-up.
- You create these files; they don't exist when you first log in.
-
- 3) /usr/bin/X11 - This is where the binaries live. It makes
- life nice to include this directory in your path.
-
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: -40- What is the sequence of events that occur at login time?
- Date: 07 May 93 00:00:01 EST
-
- This is a bare bones synopsis of the events that occur when
- you log in to the console via xdm (xdm is the default method
- of logging in).
-
- 1) Provide a "failsafe" (nographics) login if required/requested.
- 2) Exec $HOME/.xsession if it exists. If it exists, the remaining
- steps should normally be included in the users .xsession file as
- well.
- 3) Load $HOME/.Xresources if it exists.
- 4) Set XUSERFILESEARCHPATH.
- 5) Incorporate a "shell" environment
- into the "session". (man userenv)
- 6) Set the root background and cursor.
- 7) Start 4Dwm.
- 8) Wait for 4Dwm to come up.
- 9) Disable display access control (xhost +). (man xhost)
- 10) Execute $HOME/.sgisession if it exists.
- 11) Start WorkSpace if the user wants it.
- 12) Put a Toolchest on each screen.
- 13) Start the console.
- 14) Exec the "reaper". (man reaper / endsession)
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: -41- How can I convert RGB Bitmaps to & from other formats?
- Date: 07 May 93 00:00:01 EST
-
- Several bitmap conversion tools are shipped with IRIX. The
- executables are part of the eoe2.sw.imagetools subsystem,
- and include:
-
- fromalias - convert an Alias image to an IRIS image
- frombin - create an RGB IRIS image file from a binary dump of image data
- fromcmap - convert a color map into an image with one scanline
- fromcube - convert a Cubicomp/Vertigo image file to IRIS format
- fromdi - convert an old .di dithered image into an IRIS image
- fromface - convert a UNIX faceserver image into an IRIS image
- fromgif - convert a GIF image into an IRIS image
- frommac - convert a MacPaint image into an IRIS image
- frompic - convert a MOVIE BYU .PIC image to an IRIS image
- fromppm - convert an image in Jef Poskanzer's format into an IRIS image
- fromrla - convert a Wavefront image to an IRIS image
- fromsun - convert a sun image into an IRIS image
- fromtarga - convert a targa image into an IRIS image
- fromxbm - convert an X Bitmap image into an IRIS image
- fromxud - convert an xwd file into an IRIS image
- fromxwd - convert an xwd file into an IRIS image
- fromyuv - convert an Abekas yuv image into an IRIS image
- toalias - convert an IRIS image to an Alias image
- toascii - convert an IRIS image to text characters
- tobin - convert an IRIS image to binary dump of pixel data
- tobw - convert an IRIS image to black and white
- togif - convert an IRIS image to a Compuserve GIF image
- tomac - convert an IRIS image to MacPaint format
- tonews - convert an IRIS image into NeWS format
- topict - convert an IRIS image to Macintosh PICT format
- toppm - convert an IRIS image file into Jef Poskanzer's ppm image format
- tops - convert an IRIS image to PostScript
- toscitex - Convert IRIS images into Scitex CT2T images
- tosun - convert an IRIS image to a sun raster file
- totarga - convert an IRIS image to a type 2 targa image
- toyuv - convert an IRIS image to yuv format
-
- The source for each of these tools is shipped in the 4Dgifts
- dev.dev_sw.giftsfull package and placed in the directory
- /usr/people/4Dgifts/iristools/imgtools. Each also has a man page.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: -42- Can I compress RGB bitmaps?
- Date: 07 May 93 00:00:01 EST
-
- Yes. Use /usr/sbin/rle, which is part of eoe2.sw.imagetools
-
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: -43- How can I look at a Postscript file?
- Date: 07 May 93 00:00:01 EST
-
- Use xpsview or Ghostscript. xpsview is in dps_eoe. If you have
- upgraded from 3.3, you will need to purchase this product.
-
- Ghostscript, combined with Ghostview, allows you to preview PostScript
- documents in an X window, without the need for Display PostScript (DPS).
- This allows you to preview PostScript from your SGI machine on any device
- that supports the X protocol (like X terminals, Suns, etc..)
-
- There are ghostscript/ghostview inst'able images for IRIX 4.0.1+
- available via anonymous FTP to ftp.sgi.com in /sgi/ghost.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: -44- How do I make a screen dump?
- Date: 07 May 93 00:00:01 EST
-
- Use the utilities /usr/sbin/snapshot or /usr/sbin/scrsave. Both
- have a man page. You need to make sure that you have eoe2.sw.gltools
- loaded to get the program and eoe2.man.gltools for the man page.
-
- From within a GL program, you should call readdisplay().
- For an example look at ~4Dgifts/iristools/imgtools/scrsave.c
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: -45- Can I use 4Dgifts code in my application?
- Date: 07 May 93 00:00:01 EST
-
- Yes. The 4Dgifts are a "gift" and developers are welcome to use
- the code. However, SGI does not support the code in 4Dgifts.
- Note that certain restrictions apply. Please read the copyright
- statement in ~4Dgifts/README.Copyright.
-
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: -46- What does ERR_WMANIPC mean?
- Date: 07 May 93 00:00:01 EST
-
- The "WMAN" in that message means "window manager." However, this
- no longer means "window manager" such as 4Dwm, but rather the entire
- X Window system. The error means that the GL program triggered a
- fatal X error.
-
- A GL program can get an X error, because all GL programs are actually
- X clients. When a GL program does a winopen(), libgl actually calls
- XCreateWindow, etc.)
-
- When a GL program gets an X error, libgl prints out these X errors
- using this error message:
-
- GL: X request = maj.min, error code = ercode
-
- where
- maj = major request code that caused the error
- min = minor request code
- ercode = X error code
-
- This turns out to be easy to interpret, so long as the request was a
- core X protocol request (e.g., a CreateWindow request). In that case:
-
- 1. You can look up the major code in /usr/include/X11/Xproto.h.
- 2. The minor code is not used.
- 3. The X error code can be found in /usr/include/X11/X.h.
-
- As you can see in Xproto.h, the core X protocol requests have request
- codes <= 127.
-
- However, ... if maj > 127, then the request is an X extension request.
- Unfortunately, it can be difficult to interpret this unless you built
- your program with a debugging libgl.a (compiled with -g). The reason
- is that for an X extension, the major request code and the starting error
- code are copied from the X server during client startup, and these codes
- are saved in variables inside libgl. With a debugging libgl, these
- variables can be printed out from within a debugger, such as dbx.
-
- If the major code indicates an X Input extension request, then the
- minor numbers then tell the X input request type, and these are found
- in /usr/include/X11/extensions/XIproto.h.
-
- Finally, the X Input Extension uses 132 as its "starting error code."
- The possible errors are found in /usr/include/X11/extensions/XI.h,
- where they're defined like this:
-
- #define XI_BadDevice 0
- #define XI_BadEvent 1
- #define XI_BadMode 2
- #define XI_DeviceBusy 3
- #define XI_BadClass 4
-
- If you add 132 to these numbers, you get the error that's reported by
- the libgl error message.
-
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: -47- How can I translate screen (x,y) coords into world
- (x,y,z) coords?
- Date: 07 May 93 00:00:01 EST
-
- Check the manual page for mapw(3G) or mapw2(3G). mapw() returns
- a line into (x,y,z) space.
-
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: -48- How can I translate world (x,y,z) coords into
- screen (x,y) coords?
- Date: 07 May 93 00:00:01 EST
-
- There are two methods. The first method is detailed in
- ~4Dgifts/examples/grafix/world2scrn.c, which is part of
- the dev.dev_sw.giftsfull package. It multiplies the (x,y,z)
- vector into the current modeling and projection matrixes, and
- uses the result to interpolate based on the window size and
- position.
-
- The second method uses the current cursor position as a trick and
- is much simpler. Use cmov() to set the cursor position to the
- point of interest in world space, then call getcpos() to return the
- cursor position in screen coordinates. Note that if your entire
- viewport is off-screen, the results are undefined and you'll have
- to use the first method.
-
- float x,y,z;
- short x1, y1;
-
- cmov (x,y,z);
- getcpos (&x1, &y1);
-
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: -49- I call mapcolor(index, R, G, B) but nothing happens. Why?
- Date: 07 May 93 00:00:01 EST
-
- You either need to call glcompat(GLC_SLOWMAPCOLORS, TRUE) at the
- beginning of your program, or call gflush() after calling mapcolor.
-
- See the NOTES section in "man mapcolors" and also "man glcompat" for
- further info. (This may also be in the GL release notes)
-
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: ! -50- What's wrong with blink()?
- Date: 10 Jun 93 00:00:01 EST
-
- - blink() is broken all the way up through 4.0.5F, where blink()
- only blinks to black.
-
- - you can work-around this blink() problem by doing the following:
-
- blink(rate, index, red<<8, green<<8, blue<<8)
-
- - ~4Dgifts/examples/glpg/ch04/blinker.c has three main problems:
- - it doesn't do the above work-around.
- - it doesn't do a gflush after mapping colors.
- - it doesn't turn blinking off initially.
-
- - what happens is that if a program starts anything blinking and
- exits without ever turning blinking off with blink(-1, 0, 0, 0, 0)
- then the next program to attempt blinking will not be able to blink.
- this happens if for instance you close the blinker window before its
- 10 second sleep() has completed.
-
- - a simple idea for a work-around for this problem: programs which do
- blinking should turn their blinking on when they have focus; they
- should turn all blinking off when they lose focus. This is not perfect
- but is a plausible attempt at sharing the 20 blinking system-wide
- colormap entries.
-
- Here is a copy of ~4Dgifts/examples/glpg/ch04/blinker.c that contains
- the above workarounds, except for input-focus:
-
- #include <gl/gl.h>
-
- #define MAXBLINKS 20 /* maximum number of blinking entries */
- #define FIRSTBLINKCI 64 /* avoid the first 64 colors */
-
- main()
- {
- int i;
-
- prefsize(400, 400);
- winopen("blinker");
- ortho2(-0.5, 20.0*MAXBLINKS + 9.5, -0.5, 500.5);
- color(BLACK);
- clear();
-
- /* always turn blinking off before calling 'blink' */
- blink (-1, 0, 0, 0, 0);
-
- for (i = MAXBLINKS - 1; i >= 0 ; i--) {
- mapcolor(i + FIRSTBLINKCI, 255, 255, 255);
- /* always call gflush() after mapcolors() */
- gflush();
- color(i + FIRSTBLINKCI);
- sboxfi(i*20 + 10, 10, i*20 + 20, 490);
- /* GL bug in blink -- must left-shift r,g,b values */
- blink(i + 1, i + FIRSTBLINKCI, 255 << 8, 0 << 8, 0 << 8);
- }
- sleep(10);
- blink(-1, 0, 0, 0, 0); /* stop all blinking */
- gexit();
- return 0;
- }
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: -51- When I try to run UIM/X uxserverd, I get an
- error message saying, "license file has been
- modified, cannot start the UIM/X license server".
- Date: 07 May 93 00:00:01 EST
-
-
- You probably have been given a bad key. The most frequent
- causes of incorrect keys have been incorrect capitalization
- and incorrect IP addresses.
-
- The program that generates the UIM/X key requires that the
- "host ID" (or IP address) be in hexadecimal format. If you
- feed it the standard form of IP address (i.e., 123.45.678.90)
- it will generate the wrong key and will not complain.
-
- To ensure that you are is giving the correct information when
- requesting a UIM/X key, please do the following:
-
- Hostname: Type in 'hostname' at the prompt, and be sure to say
- exactly what it says (including capitalization, if any).
-
- Host ID: Type in 'hostid' at the prompt, and be sure to say
- exactly what it says. You will be reading back a series of
- numbers of the form 0xc030c844. The leading 0x indicates
- that the following number is hexadecimal.
-
- The key generating script is highly sensitive to capital letters.
- Make sure you confirm the case of the letters, both when getting
- the hostname/hostid and when having your key read back to you.
-
- If this still doesn't fix the problem, you may have mixed files
- between UIM/X 1.0 and 2.0. Completely remove UIM/X, re-install
- it, and reproduce a Uimx2_0.license file with the correct information.
-
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: + -52- What is a GL widget?
- Date: 10 Jun 93 00:00:01 EST
-
- GL widget refers to the GlxDraw (generic) and GlxMDraw (Motif)
- widgets that allow you to embed GL windows in Xt-based programs.
- To embed a GL windows in X-based programs is frequently called
- "Mixed-model" or "GLX" programming.
-
- There are several examples of mixed-model programming in the
- directory /usr/people/4Dgifts/examples/GLX.
-
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: + -53- I'm using the GlxMDraw widget and it doesn't seem
- that colors are being installed correctly. Overlays
- in the GlxMDraw widget are displayed in red and gray
- instead of the colors I specify. What is the problem?
- Date: 10 Jun 93 00:00:01 EST
-
- The window manager must be directed to install all appropriate
- colormaps. Use the XSetWMColormapWindows() call to do this --
- list one window for each colormap to be installed plus the top
- level window. If using overlays, include the overlay window as
- well as the normal GL window.
-
- If your window is TrueColor, you should still install the appropriate
- colormap, as Indigo TrueColor is simulated using a colormap.
-
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: + -54- I get a "Broken Pipe" error when I close the window
- of an X client, such as xman or xterm. What does
- this error mean? Is there something wrong with my system?
- Date: 10 Jun 93 00:00:01 EST
-
-
- Typically the error message resembles the following:
-
- XIO: fatal IO error 32 (Broken pipe) on X server ":0.0"
- after 214 requests (214 known processed) with 0 events remaining.
- The connection was probably broken by a server shutdown or KillClient.
-
- The Window Manager is reporting that the pipe for your X client
- has been broken. This is normal when an X client exits. There
- is nothing wrong with your system. This message will also occur
- when the system is shut down. This is not an error condition and
- no core files are produced.
-
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: + -55- Is there a way to switch on the fly between single
- and double buffering within a GL widget?
- Date: 10 Jun 93 00:00:01 EST
-
- There is no way to switch between single and double buffered
- mode within the same window. (In X, this would mean changing
- the depth, which is not allowed.)
-
- To simulate this, you can create two GL widgets: a double
- buffered GL widget and a single buffered GL widget. When it
- is time to change the buffering mode, restack the windows so
- that the appropriate one is on top. If the two windows are
- created with a common parent, they move together when the
- parent is moved.
-
- For non-mixed mode applications, the GL performs this switching
- when you call gconfig().
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: + -56- Why doesn't SGI's xlock lock my screen?
- Date: 10 Jun 93 00:00:01 EST
-
- If you or the super-user do not have a password, xlock will
- not lock. Also, in IRIX 4.x, xlock is set up by default to
- act as if invoked with the "-nolock" option, which tells it
- not to lock the screen. If you want force xlock to lock, do
- either of the following:
-
- a) Use the "+nolock" option when invoking xlock. This means
- "not nolock" (the opposite of "-nolock"). For example:
-
- % xlock +nolock
-
- b) Add the following line to your ~/.Xdefaults file:
-
- XLock.nolock: False
-
- In IRIX 5.x, the default behavior of xlock has been reversed,
- so xlock does indeed lock by default. If you wish to keep the
- IRIX 4.x behavior, invoke xlock with the -nolock option.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: + -57- Why do I get compilation errors when compiling the
- Inventor C++ examples, using C++ 3.0?
- Date: 10 Jun 93 00:00:01 EST
-
- Inventor 1.0 and 1.0.1 were built using the 2.1.1 version
- of the C++ compiler. If you are using C++ 3.0, you must
- add the "-v2" switch to the Makefile's LC++OPTS line. It
- would then look like the following:
-
- # Options to C++; see the CC manual page for what they do
- LC++OPTS = -v2 +p -Wf,-XNp10000
-
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: -58- Credits
- Date: 6 May 93 00:00:01 EST
-
- The comp.sys.sgi FAQs are the collective effort of
-
- Dale Chayes dale@ldeo.columbia.edu
- Steve Rikli steve@archone.tamu.edu
- Allan Schaffer aschaffe@sgi.com
- Dave Schweisguth dcs@neutron.chem.yale.edu
-
- Special thanks are due to
-
- Tom Davis Author of 'zip'
- Harry Mangalam Maintainer of the comp.sys.sgi.* WAIS database
-
- Finally, much thanks to all of the SGI employees on Usenet, all of whom have
- provided gigabytes of help and information.
-
- Credits for individual contributions are given in the answers.
-
- ------------------------------
- --
- Allan Schaffer
- aschaffe@sgi.com
- --
- Allan Schaffer
- aschaffe@sgi.com
-