Nebula 1994 June/NEBULA_SE.ISO/Documents/FAQ/Frame-faq/faq/part1

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From: [e-mail] (Robert McCormick)
Newsgroups: comp.text.frame,news.answers,comp.answers
Subject: FrameMaker FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) 1/2
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Date: 19 Aug 1993 00:00:18 -0400
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Summary: This posting contains a list of Frequently Asked
         Questions (and answers) about the FrameMaker set
         of document publishing products.  These FAQs should
     be read by anyone who wishes to post to the
         comp.text.frame newsgroup or the framers mailing
     list. This is part 1 of 2 parts.
X-Last-Updated: 1993/08/17
Xref: senator-bedfellow.mit.edu comp.text.frame:6298 news.answers:11569 comp.answers:1663

Archive-name: frame/faq/part1
Version: 2.0
Last-modified: 1993/08/16

     FrameMaker Frequently Asked Question (FAQ) List
     ===============================================

============================================================
* OFFICIAL STUFF

------------------------------------------------------------
** What is this all about?

This article contains answers to some Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
about FrameMaker, often seen in the Usenet newsgroup "comp.text.frame"
and on the "framers" mailing list.  It is posted to help reduce volume
in this newsgroup and to provide hard-to-find information of general
interest.  This FAQ is in two parts.

------------------------------------------------------------
** Copyright & Distribution

This article, as a collection of information, is Copyright 1993 Robert
McCormick.  Distribution through any means other than regular Usenet
channels must be by permission.  The removal of this copyright notice
is forbidden.

Please redistribute this article to people who ask for it or people
who use FrameMaker!  However, distribute the whole file, including the
copyright notices and the attributions.

------------------------------------------------------------
** Credits

Many people all over the world have contributed to this FAQ, and have
graciously provided mail servers and FTP sites.  Their names are
included with their contributions.  I usually edit contributions, so
what you see here may not be the contributor's exact words.

------------------------------------------------------------
** Corrections & Additions

Send corrections or new questions WITH ANSWERS to Bob McCormick at
[e-mail]. If you have a question and need an answer, post or
mail your questions to the group, collect the responses, put together
a summary answer, and then mail it to me for inclusion in the FAQ.

------------------------------------------------------------
** Disclaimer

comp.text.frame and the framers mailing list are not officially read
or supported by Frame Technologies, Inc.  To speak officially with
Frame Technologies Inc., especially to report a problem or to suggest
and enhancement, contact them at:

Frame Technology, Inc.          Tel: [phone]
Frame Technical Support         Fax: [phone]
1010 Rincon Circle              Internet-USA: [e-mail]
San Jose, CA 95131 USA          Internet-Eur: [e-mail]
                                AppleLink: FRAME.TECH
                BBS: [phone] (2400)
                     [phone] (9600)

I and the contributors do not accept any liability for the accuracy or
applicability of this information to your situation.  Make a backup
copy of your file(s) before you attempt any complex procedure,
especially one done outside of the FrameMaker program.  Be careful.

------------------------------------------------------------
** Other Items

Most answers are written for FrameMaker version 3.0, 3.0.1, or 3.1,
and may not work for (or be applicable to) earlier versions.

Unless the posting is of local interest (like a user group meeting),
please use Distribution: world in your posts.

This article is in EMACS outline format, using the standard header
symbol "*".

Abbreviations:
FM    FrameMaker
TOC    Table of Contents
XREF    Cross-reference or cross-reference marker

------------------------------------------------------------
** If you are new to Usenet, subscribe to news.announce.newusers
and read the postings there.  They give you general information and
tips on making life easier for you and everybody else.  Read:
    "A Primer on How to Work With the Usenet Community"
    "Answers to Frequently Asked Questions about Usenet"
    "Hints on writing style for Usenet"

------------------------------------------------------------
** Other FAQs

To find other FAQs, subscribe to news.answers, or send e-mail:
    To: [e-mail]
    body contains: send usenet/news.answers/index
or, use anonymous FTP:
    Host: rtfm.mit.edu
    Directory: /pub/usenet/news/group/name
As an example, this FAQ is stored in the directory:
    /pub/usenet/comp/text/frame

------------------------------------------------------------
** FTP (File Transfer Protocol/Program) Instructions

FTP is a way of copying files between networked computers.  If you
need help in using or getting started with FTP, send e-mail:
    To: [e-mail]
    body contains: send usenet/news.answers/ftp-list/faq

Most files available by FTP have been archived and compressed.  The
unpacking programs for Unix are included on most systems.  Those for
Mac and PC are available from most FTP sites; consult README files.

============================================================

* VERSION INFO, LEGEND, CONTENTS

------------------------------------------------------------
** Notes about this version

The FAQ has been re-organized, to group items by topic and add EMACS
outline mode (leading asterisks).  It has also been split into two
parts.

Eagle-eyed correctors for this issue:
    Ken d'Albenas <[e-mail]>
    Jane Clark <[e-mail]>
    Greg Wohlenberg <[e-mail]>

------------------------------------------------------------
** Legend
  + indicates questions new to this issue;
  ! indicates those with significant changes since the last issue.

------------------------------------------------------------
** Table of Contents

part1:* OFFICIAL STUFF
part1:** What is this all about?
part1:** Copyright & Distribution
part1:** Credits
part1:** Corrections & Additions
part1:** Disclaimer
part1:** Other Items
part1:** If you are new to USENET, subscribe to news.announce.newusers
part1:** Other FAQs
part1:** FTP (File Transfer Protocol/Program) Instructions

part1:* VERSION INFO, LEGEND, CONTENTS
part1:** Notes about this version
part1:** Legend
part1:** Table of Contents
part1:** Future Items (contributions gladly considered)

part1:* INFORMATION SOURCES
part1:** INF-1: Electronic Media (mailing lists, newsgroups, BBSs, fax)
part1:** INF-2: Printed Media (books, magazines, etc.)
part1:** INF-3: User Groups

part1:* TEXT FORMATTING AND FLOWS
part1:** TXT-1: How can I control which master page is used when text flows off
                of the current page?
part1:** TXT-2: What exactly is copied during File:Use Formats?

part1:* AUTONUMBERING, CROSS-REFERENCES, VARIABLES, TOC
part1:** NUM-1: How do I set up autonumbers for Figures as "Figure 5-1"?
part1:** NUM-2: How do I place an autonumbered figure number in an anchored
                frame?  Why doesn't it update properly?
part1:** NUM-3: How can I get "Page 3 of 152" to work for a multi-file book?
part1:** NUM-4: I want chapter number and title on separate lines, both in TOC.
part1:** NUM-5: Can I generate a table-of-contents directly inside a file?
part1:** NUM-6: Why do some of my cross-references keep changing to point
                to the wrong paragraph?

part2:* PAGE LAYOUT
part2:** PAG-1: Is there any easy way to move one or more pages to a different
                place in the document? (Two layout models.)
part2:** PAG-2: How do I force a page break?
part2:** PAG-3: How can I change the page size of an existing document?
part2:** PAG-4: I used a rotated (landscape) page for a large figure, but the
                figure keeps moving to a portrait page!

part2:* PRINTING
part2:** PRT-1: How can I print "DRAFT" on the background of every page?
part2:** PRT-2: How can I print with the "-h" switch in FM3.0/3.1?
part2:** PRT-3: How can I set the default printer name?
part2:** PRT-4: How can I print pages in pamphlet/booklet/signature order?
part2:** PRT-5: Is there a way to print certain pages or ranges from a book
                or file, besides the one-range-at-a-time printing via FM?

part2:* FILTERS, IMPORT/EXPORT, POSTSCRIPT
part2:** FIL-1: Where can I find a filter to convert <XXXXXX> to Frame?
part2:** FIL-2: How do I convert a Frame document from Mac to Sun? (etc.)
part2:** FIL-3: Why do my imported images show up as gray rectangles when I
                transfer a file from <platform-A> to <platform-B>?
part2:** FIL-4: How can I automatically import a graphic file whose format is
                not recognized by FM, if I can do the conversion manually?
part2:** FIL-5: How do I incorporate code fragments in a Frame doc?
part2:** FIL-6: Are there any SGML converters for FM?
part2:** FIL-7: I am having problems transferring PostScript in and out of FM.

part2:* SPELLING, GRAMMAR, BIBLIOGRAPHYS, ENDNOTES, ETC.
part2:** SGB-1: Are there any grammar checkers for FM?
part2:** SGB-2: Do you know what happens if the spell checker finds "Interleaf"
part2:** SGB-3: How can I do bibliographies in FrameMaker?
part2:** SGB-4: Can FM produce automatically numbered endnotes?

part2:* CONFIGURING FM, PLATFORM-SPECIFIC ISSUES
part2:** PLT-1: How do I display white text on a black background?
part2:** PLT-2: How do I open documents from the command line using an already
                running FrameMaker (and thus only a single license)?
part2:** PLT-3: Where can I find keyboard shortcuts for [platform]?

part2:* TEMPLATES AND CLIP ART
part2:** TMP-1: Where can I get the FUN tape?

------------------------------------------------------------
** Future Items (contributions gladly considered)

- Any generally-useful info on Postscrip-FM issues (lines that need
to be added/removed, import/export, etc.)

- How can I place FM documents under configuration management/
software control? (I have some info on this already.)

- How can I merge a list of names and addresses with a FM document
to generate personalized letters? (fmmerge from FUN tape.)

============================================================
* INFORMATION SOURCES

------------------------------------------------------------
** INF-1: Electronic Media (mailing lists, newsgroups, BBSs, fax)

*** A. How to get the latest version of this FAQ

This FAQ is posted monthly to comp.text.frame, comp.answers, and
news.answers.  To get the latest copy via mail server, send e-mail:
    To: [e-mail]
    with body containing: send usenet/news.answers/frame/faq/part1
                          send usenet/news.answers/frame/faq/part2

The FAQ is also available via anonymous FTP:
    Host: rtfm.mit.edu
    Directory: pub/usenet/news.answers/frame/faq
    Files: part1, part2

*** B. comp.text.frame Usenet newsgroup

Subscribe to the Usenet newsgroup comp.text.frame.
To find out how to read a newsgroup, ask your system administrator.

*** C. "framers" reflective mailing list

This is a reflective mailing list, which is also partially gatewayed
with comp.text.frame in one direction: from the newsgroup to the
mailing list but not vice versa.  The 'cream of comp.text.frame' is
forwarded to the mailing list.

To get on the mailing list, use the automated administrator; to find
out how, send e-mail:
    To: [e-mail]
    body contains: help

If you have trouble with the automated administrator, send email to:
    [e-mail]

*** D. Frame Technology's Bulletin Board System

Frame Technology has created a bulletin board system that can be used
to submit bug reports, leave messages, read bulletins and technical
tips, or upload/download files.
    2400 bps: [phone]
    9600 bps: [phone]
    Recommend terminal emulation: ANSI

Contributor: Al at Frame Tech Support

*** E. Frame Technology's FrameFacts FAX Retrieval System

Frame Technology has created the FrameFacts FAX retrieval system.
This system is activated by your touch-tone phone, and will send
requested documents to the FAX machine of your choosing.  FrameFacts
contains the latest Technical Notes and tips for all the FrameMaker
platforms and products.  This system is updated weekly, as is the BBS.
You can reach FrameFacts by calling [phone].  You may wish to
request the Index of Documents the first time you call.  (This system
may only work if you are calling from USA or Canada.)

*** F. Other Usenet newsgroups of interest to desktop publishing.

comp.text, comp.text.desktop, comp.text.sgml, comp.lang.postscript,
comp.sources.postscript, alt.hypertext

------------------------------------------------------------
** INF-2: Printed Media (books, magazines, etc.)

*** A. Michael Fraase. 1992.  "Structured Publishing from the
Desktop: Frame Technology's FrameMaker."  Business One Irwin,
Homewood, IL.  336 pp.  Softbound.  $24.95 ISBN 1-55623-616-6.

Contributor: Binion Amerson

*** B. Juergen Gulbins.  1992.  "Desktop Publishing mit FrameMaker".
Published in German.  Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York.
ISBN 3-540-54455-0.

Contributor: Karl Obermayr

*** C. Framers forum Magazine
Published quarterly.  $24.95 yearly in USA, $29.95 outside USA.
    Framers forum Magazine       Tel: [phone]
    Subscription Department      Fax: [phone]
    37213 SE WildCat Mt. Dr.
    Eagle Creek OR 97022 USA

*** D. FrameFootnotes: The technical newsletter for FrameMaker users.
Published (quarterly?) by Frame Technical Support. Contact:
    Technical Support/FrameFootnotes
    Frame Technology Corporation (address above)

*** E. FrameFocus: Marketing newsletter from Frame.
Published quarterly by Frame Technologies. Contact:
    Editor, FrameFocus
    Frame Technology Corporation (address above)

------------------------------------------------------------
** INF-3: User Groups

Usually called FUN for Frame User Network.  Country code is +1.

Atlanta, GA USA
            Dana O'Farrell  404-417-4811  Meets quarterly.
Chicago IL USA
            Lester LaPierre  708-576-4445
Cleveland OH USA
            Eric LaPresto  216-445-9368
Columbus OH USA
            Alan Addis  614-477-3600 x2497
            Peggy Sutliff     "      x3200
Dallas-Fort Worth TX USA
            Darja Adams  214-869-0680 x2257
Dayton OH USA
            Brian Bermhardt  513-257-2479
Detroit MI USA
            Myron Hayden  313-459-5630
Indianapolis IN USA
            Brad Williamson  317-230-5564  317-471-3055
                             317-872-7220 x632
Los Angeles, CA USA
            Brian Keith  818-883-3838
Milwaukee WI USA
            Luke Heffron  414-782-0007
Minneapolis MN USA
            Nancee Melby  612-726-2277
New England USA
            Dan York  [e-mail]  603-894-4500
Phoenix, AZ USA
            Ken Arnold  602-862-6699
Pittsburgh, PA USA
            Alan S. Koch  [e-mail]  412-268-6395
San Diego, CA USA
            Cynthia Hilsinger  619-556-9167
San Francisco Bay Area, CA USA
            Ruth LoCurto  [e-mail]  408-765-4157

Frame has installed a pre-recorded message to find out about user
group meetings. The number is [phone] x2286.

If you want to start one of your very own FUN group, contact Sandy
Knox, [e-mail], [phone].

============================================================
* TEXT FORMATTING AND FLOWS

------------------------------------------------------------
** TXT-1: How can I control which master page is used when text flows off
of the current page?

When you push text out of a column with Autoconnect turned on, how
does FM choose which master page to use for the new page?

- If the number and type (letter tag) of the autoconnect flows on the
current body page exactly match the autoconnect flows on the Right
master page, then the Right master page is used.

- Otherwise, the master page for the current body page is used.

The Right master page is kind of the default master page. (Unless it
is a double-sided document, in which case there are Left and Right
defaults.) For example, if you were typing a memo, you would have (at
least) two master pages, one called "First" which contained the big
header, and one called "Right" for all of the continuation pages.

You cannot get FM to automatically go from one non-Right master to
another. For example, assume that a memo has 3 masters: Fax, First,
and Right. There is no way to start the document with only the Fax
page, and have it automatically change to First, and then to Right.
The solution is to create 3 pages, apply the appropriate masters,
connect the flows as needed, and make sure that empty pages are not
deleted (turn this off in Format->Document or add dummy text to each
page).

Another item to note is that when changing master pages with Page
Layout, the same "union" rules apply, as done with "Use Formats." For
example, if the body page currently has one column of flow B, and you
apply a master page which has one column with flow A, you will wind up
with two text columns. You can then copy the text from the old column
to the new column (if appropriate), and then delete the old column.

------------------------------------------------------------
** TXT-2: What exactly is copied during File:Use Formats?

Here is a description of what is copied and what actions occur during
Use Formats.  (This is from the Reference Manual, but I think it bears
repeating, since it is not in the on-line help.)

P Formats
    P Catalog
    All paragraphs are updated with the new formats
    Footnote properties (where placed, prefix, format, etc.)
    Equation sizes
    Document Properties: Allow Line Breaks After
    Flow Properties: Feather

C Formats
    C Catalog
    All tagged characters are updated with the new formats

Page Layouts
    Master Pages
    Background and Column Layout applied to all body pages
    Change Bar Properties
    Document Properties: First Page Number and Page Number Style
    View Options

Reference Pages
    Reference Pages
    Reference Frames in current doc that are not in source doc are removed!

Variable Definitions
    Variables

Cross Reference Formats
    Cross Reference Formats
    Updates internal cross-references (x-refs)

Table Formats
    Table Format Catalog
    Ruling Style Catalog
    Update all tables

Conditional Text
    Conditional Tags
    Show/Hide Settings
    Use Format Overrides

If you are going to apply P Formats, than you should also apply C
Formats.  Otherwise, text tagged with C formats will still be tagged
correctly, but will be displayed with the default P format.

============================================================
* AUTONUMBERING, CROSS-REFERENCES, VARIABLES, TOC

------------------------------------------------------------
** NUM-1: How do I set up autonumbers for Figures as "Figure 5-1"?

First, FM organizes paragraph number into multiple series, each
series indicated by an upper case letter and colon (H:).  There is
also a series with no indicator.

Second, within a series, the numbers are in a hierarchy, where the
default behavior is that when a number in incremented, all numbers to
the right are reset to zero.  This can be overridden; see below.

In autonumbering, if you include "< >" in the number, this means
"don't display and don't reset the number in this position." Note the
space between the angle brackets.

Use one number series for both headers and figure numbers. The
positions of the numbers in the series are as follows:

<level1> <figure> <table> <example> <level2> <level3> <level4> <level5>

The resultant autonumbers are:

Head1        H:<n+>
Figure        H:<n>-<n+>< >< >< >< >< >< >
Table        H:<n>-< ><n+>< >< >< >< >< >
Example        H:<n>-< >< ><n+>< >< >< >< >
Head2        H:<n>< >< >< >.<n+>
Head3        H:<n>< >< >< >.<n>.<n+>
Head4        H:<n>< >< >< >.<n>.<n>.<n+>
Head5        H:<n>< >< >< >.<n>.<n>.<n>.<n+>

Contributor: Alan Koch  <[e-mail]>

------------------------------------------------------------
** NUM-2: How do I place an autonumbered figure number in an anchored
frame?  Why doesn't it update properly?

There are three ways to place figure numbers so that they are
automatically updated.  They each have advantages and disadvantages.
Note that you cannot use a "text line" (the A tool) for the figure
number, because text lines cannot be autonumbered, since they are not
real paragraphs in a text column.

*** A. In-Frame

The figure number is contained in a text column which is inside the
anchored frame.

Advantages:
+ Can use "floating" figures, because the title is inside the floating
frame.

Disadvantages:
-  Text column must be properly placed (see below).
-  Cannot be used if you want other autonumbered text cols in frame.

If you use this method, the text column with the figure number must be
the first text column in the drawing order. To ensure this, select the
column and do Graphics->Back.

*** B. Out-of-Frame

The figure number is outside the frame, usually in the paragrah that
contains the anchor or the paragraph after the anchor paragraph.  Use
Keep With Next and Keep With Previous in Format Paragraph to keep
things together.

Advantages:
+  Don't have to worry about text column in frame.
+  Can have an autonumbered text column in frame.

Disadvantages:
-  Cannot use floating figures.

*** C. Frame in One-cell Table

Create a one-cell table, put the anchored frame in the cell, and place
the figure title in the table title column.

Advantages:
+  Can use all the formatting features of tables:
         Title above or below
         Controlled spacing between title and figure
         Controlled ruling (could use top and bottom rule lines)
         etc.
+  Don't have to worry about placement of text column in frame.
+  Can easily place 2 (or more) figures side-by-side in a column.
   (If using more than one row, use the Table Format:Basic:Numbering
   property to set row-first or column-first numbering.)
Disadvantages:
-  Yet another layer of nesting (table contains frame which contains
   graphic)

Note that this method provides an easy way to do side-by-side figures
(or other groupings), but you must then place the figure title inside
the table cell.  Figure number ordering can be set from Table Format.

Contributor: Harro Kremer <[e-mail]>

------------------------------------------------------------
** NUM-3: How can I get "Page 3 of 152" to work for a multi-file book?

If you place text such as "Page <Current Page #> of <Page Count>"
(where <xxx> signifies a variable) in the footer, you will get the
expected results for a single-file document, but not for a multi-file
book.  The solution is replace the variable <Page Count> with a
cross-reference to a paragraph on the last page of the last file in
the book.  The format of the cross-reference should be <$pagenum>.
Make sure that you perform "File Generate/Update Files" from the book
before you print, to update all cross-references.

------------------------------------------------------------
** NUM-4: I want chapter number and title on separate lines, both in TOC.

At the beginning of each chapter I want:

                  Chapter <n>

           Title of Chapter Goes Here

This requires two paragraphs, one for the number and one for the
title.  However, in the TOC I want:

    Chapter <n>   Title of Chapter Goes Here...............<pagenum>

Solution: Use different paragraph tags for your Chapter number and
Title (e.g. ChapNum & ChapTitle).  In your TOC Setup, gather only
ChapTitle.  In the TOC document itself, modify the Paragraph Format
for ChapTitleTOC to set Numbering Properties to:
    Chapter <n+>.\t
This will reproduce or mimic the chapter numbering, instead of pulling
it from the chapter file.  You may have to use a separate series (H:,
C:) or use Book: File: Setup File to reset the numbering
appropriately.  On the TOC Reference page, set the entry for
ChapTitleTOC to:
    <$paratext>\t<$pagenum>

Contributors: Steve Harding <[e-mail]>
              Rob Weinberg

------------------------------------------------------------
** NUM-5: Can I generate a table-of-contents directly inside a file?

Sort of, by using Cross-References instead of the Generate facility.

At the front of your document, start setting up cross references to
all the paragraphs you want to appear in the TOC.  You can experiment with
all the flexibility offered by X-Ref formats and autonumbers.

Every time you add a new section to your document, you must manually
add a corresponding cross reference in your TOC, but from then on it's
self-maintaining.  To update the TOC, just do Special :
Cross-Reference : Update : Internal.  If you delete a section and
forget to delete the cross reference in the TOC, no problem!  You use
the standard methods to search- and-destroy (or fix) unresolved cross
references.  After the update, visually inspect the TOC to look for
missing numbers, which may indicate sections that did not get
referenced.

This isn't as automated as the Generate method, but it has the major
bonus of giving you the "Go To" hyperlink on the Cross Reference
dialogue box.  When you want to go to a section, you just double-click
on the cross reference in the TOC, hit "Go To" in the dialogue box,
and there you are!  Very popular if you have various people reviewing
a document on-line.

Contributor: Ken d'Albenas <[e-mail]>

------------------------------------------------------------
** NUM-6: Why do some of my cross-references keep changing to point
to the wrong paragraph?

*** SITUATION: We have a document with many figures (or tables or
equations).  Each figure is cross-referenced in the body text.

*** SYMPTOM: Some cross-references seem to be "unstable".  For example,
when one places a cross-reference to 'Figure 3' in the text, the
number is correctly displayed ('Figure 3'). Later on, when the
cross-references are updated, the cross-reference suddenly changes,
e.g. to 'Figure 1'.

(Manually changing the cross-reference back to 'Figure 3' (Special
Cross-Reference, Replace) restored the correct number (3), but when
the 'Update' was performed again, the number again reverted to 1!)

*** CAUSE: The problem is caused by the use of the copy/paste functions to
duplicate a block of text that contains an X-Ref (aka Cross-Ref)
marker. First, here is some background on cross-reference markers.

FM puts an X-Ref marker at the beginning of a paragraph when one first
sets a cross-reference to that paragraph.  Normally, users don't have
to bother about such X-Ref markers.  The marker symbol ('T') is
visible if you have View Text Symbols turned on.

Each marker has a marker number and a descriptive text, such as
    <MText `15755: Figure: Figure 1 Caption one'>

(The Paragraph tag and text are set in the marker when the marker is
first created, and they are not updated when the paragraph changes.
When a cross-reference is updated, the actual paragraph text is used.)

The marker number is crucial; it identifies the source of the
cross-reference (i.e., the paragraph to which one refers), therefore
it seems essential that each such number be UNIQUE in a document! FM
generates a new, unique number whenever you add a new cross-reference
source.

*** THE SOURCE OF THE PROBLEM: However, if you copy a block of text that
contains an X-Ref marker, such as a figure caption, and then paste it
into another location (e.g., to create a new, similar figure), you end
up with TWO identical X-Ref markers, with the same marker number.

If you insert a reference to this new caption, it will show correctly
in the list box and on-screen, and will read the correct paragraph
text or number.  However, whenever you Update your cross-references,
the destination cross-reference will look for the X-Ref marker with
the particular number, and it will find the first instance of a marker
with that number.  This will cause the cross-reference to be
incorrect, as it will refer to the originally copied paragraph.

*** DIAGNOSIS: Is there a simple method to see if an existing document
contains the problem described above? There are two methods.

Method 1: Choose File Generate, choose 'Alphabetical Marker List',
include X-Ref (or Cross-Ref) type markers. This will produce a list of
all X-Ref markers, sorted by marker number.  Visually inspect the
generated file: the presence of two or more (consecutive) lines with
the same marker number indicates the presence of the problem.  The
marker texts may be different.

Method 2: Save the document as MIF, for example 'report.mif', then
issue the following Unix command:
        grep MText report.mif | sort > report.lst
This searches for all markers in the document and sorts them by
number. Visually inspect the list of markers: the presence of two or
more (consecutive) lines with the same marker number indicates the
presence of the problem.  The marker texts may be different.

*** THERAPY: Is it possible to fix the problem?  Yes.  It is a tedious
manual process, but it works reliably.

First, find and delete all duplicated X-Ref markers.  Open the Special
Marker dialog. Use Edit Find/Search to search for "Marker of Type:
X-Ref" or "Marker of Type: Cross-Ref".  (Look in the Marker Type list
in the Marker dialog to find the exact spelling.)  Once it has found a
marker, examine the marker number in the Marker Text box in the Marker
dialog.  If this marker is one of the ones with duplicated numbers,
delete it.  (The marker should be already highlighted by the search,
so just give the document window the focus and hit <backspace> or
<delete>.)  Repeat until all markers that had the duplicated numbers
have been deleted.  You must delete ALL instances of markers with
duplicated numbers, even the original marker which formerly was
correct.

Second, update all cross-references (File Generate-Update from the
book, or Special Cross-References, Update from a single document.)
All of the references to the deleted markers will become "unresolved
cross-references".  Search for these using Edit Find/Search, searching
for "Unresolved Cross-Reference".  Double-click to bring up the
Cross-Reference dialog, and replace the cross-reference with the
correct paragraph. Repeat for each unresolved reference.

Third, update all cross-references again, and check for incorrect
references.  You should also regenerate the marker list and check it
again for duplicates, in case you missed one.

*** PREVENTION (short term): You can prevent this in the future by noting
whenever you duplicate text containing markers. Turn on View Text
Symbols to see the markers.  Note whenever you copy and paste text
containing a marker.  If you duplicate text with a marker, if it is an
X-Ref marker, delete it!  (This may also apply to other types of
markers.)

When you are ready to publish a document, if there is a possibility of
duplicated markers, generate the marker list and check it for
duplicates.

*** PREVENTION (long term): Frame has been asked to update the Paste
function to check for markers in the pasted text, and ask the user
what should be done about the pasted markers (delete them, renumber
them, or leave them alone).

Contributor: Folco Casadei <[e-mail]>

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