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- ISTAR - KBTOOLS
-
- (Istar is the new name for what used to be called KBTools. KBTools was
- considered a rather boring name, so we have substituted one that is rather
- corny, and perhaps cheeky, if you are a Tolkien addict.)
-
-
- WHAT IS IT?
-
- A package for building knowledge based systems and then running them. It
- is of the inference net kind, with both backward and forward chaining. It
- is similar to the rule based kind but more flexible.
-
- KBSs make inferences from input information. Usually running them
- involves asking the user a sequence of questions until enough information
- is gathered to come up with an answer. Microsoft Wizards are a simple
- version of this.
-
- This version is a 'draft', letting you get the feel of it. Other
- things will be added in future to make it more usable.
-
-
- HOW TO USE IT
-
- There are two levels at which to learn to use Istar: 'driving' the features
- of the software and using it to do something be useful to you. These are
- explained in the files in Docs drawer:
-
- Driving Istar
- Using Istar
-
- Read them when you are ready to start. In addition the following files
- give more detailed information:
-
- KBs
- Panels
- History
- Inference
- Value Types
- Limitations and Bugs.
-
- There is still much documentation to be written, and not all the facilities
- of Istar are explained in the above files. But Istar should be reasonably
- robust, so you can experiment.
-
-
- WHY ISTAR: WHAT'S SPECIAL ABOUT IT?
-
- # Graphical input. Most KBS software require you to express your rules or
- inferences using text such as:
-
- IF ?requested_class = PENICILLINS
- AND Patients_age >= 0.8*Allowable_age
- THEN Patient's age is acceptable for the new drug.
-
- which is sensitive to syntax errors. But with Istar you express your
- inference graphically, as boxes and arrows. To build your KB you draw
- boxes and link them with arrows. Then, at your convenience, fill in the
- detail. (Some KBS software such as NExpert can display a box and arrows
- diagram that has been entered textually, but with Istar the main extry
- medium is drawing.)
-
- # Smooth user interface. Most software that allows you to draw box and
- arrows diagrams is clumsy. For instance, to link two boxes:
-
- Click on Box1.
- Mouse up to Toolbar or Menu
- Select 'Link boxes'
- Click on Box2.
- (Draws straight line between them that crosses others)
- Mouse up to Toolbar or Menu
- Select 'Bend link'
- Click on position of bend
- etc.
-
- In Istar you start drawing from edge of Box1, hitting space wherever you
- want bends and releasing over Box2. No menues or toolbars in sight. The
- difference is even more marked when you want to redirect a link from one
- box to another.
-
- # Easy exploration of KB. Find by Name. Also show a box with all its
- antecedents, all attached, etc. So you can find out what input information
- is will have an effect on a given item.
-
- # For knowledge generation. This means the user interface actions do not
- interrupt your flow of thinking as you express your knowledge. Just as "an
- architect thinks with his pencil" so you can "think with the mouse".
-
- # Range of types. Normally you are offered integer, float, string and
- perhaps dates. With Istar you get other types too: probabilities,
- bayesians, proportions, ratios, odds, directions, and several others. In
- Istar we attach the semantics to each type (e.g. in ratios and odds, the
- greatest common divisors are automatically cancelled out). Others to be
- added soon, such as IFF bitmap, anim, sound sample.
-
- # Range of useful inference methods. Not just add, subtract, multiply,
- divide, AND, OR, but also things like Chhoser, First-Known, First-OK,
- Number of Answered, Concatentation, Is-In, etc.
-
- # Kernel written in assembler, for speed and robustness.
-
-
- WHAT IS INFERENCE?
-
- Inference is working out the value of an attribute from the values of other
- attributes.
-
- WHAT IS BACKWARD CHAINING?
-
- Backward chaining is the searching backwards (from right to left on most
- box and arrows diagrams of inference nets) to find the next relevant
- question to ask.
-
- WHAT IS FORWARD CHAINING?
-
- Forward chaining is the propagation (from left to right) of new
- information. Like recalculation in a spreadsheet.
-
- WHAT'S PLANNED?
-
- The current version of Istar is only a 'draft'. It is being presented to
- let you get the feel of it. But in future you will have scripts, demons,
- ARexx, PostScript output, dumping of the KB to PROLOG, etc.
-
-
- Copyright (c) Andrew Basden, 1996
-