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- Tookkit is a a file oriented binary editor along with file conversion
- utilities to transfer binary data to or from Motorola S or Intel Hex
- format. The binary file is generally produced by reading an EPROM with
- Ross Custom Electronics DumBurner Support software. This file will then be
- a "disk image" of the EPROM. That is, byte zero of the EPROM will be the
- first byte of the disk file, and so on. Alternately, the binary file may
- be produced by use of an assembler or cross assembler which produces Intel
- Hex or Motorola S code; Menu options 4 or 6 would then be used to create
- the binary file.
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- Since the binary file, which contains non-ASCII characters, cannot be
- manipulated with a standard editor such as Wordstar, the Toolkit editor
- (menu options 1 and 2) provides a method to manipulate these files.
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- Using the Toolkit Binary Editor
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- If you are editing a binary file read from EPROM or converted from Intel
- HEX or Motorola S format, Menu Option 1 (Edit Existing File - no expansion
- allowed) will usually be the appropriate choice. If you are building a new
- file or adding on to the end of an existing file Menu Option 2 (Edit File -
- Expansion allowed) should be used. The two menu options are identical,
- except that option 1 will not allow the file to "grow". After selecting
- menu option 1 or 2, enter the file name you wish to edit.
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- Those familiar with CP/M's DDT will find the operation of Toolkit's binary
- editor similar. The first 128 bytes of the file are automatically
- displayed. Data is displayed 16 bytes on a line. The address of the first
- byte is on the left side of the display. The numbers across the top of the
- display represent the least significant part of the address, which must be
- added to the address on the left to obtain the full address of one byte of
- data. On the far right of the screen, the 16 bytes of binary data are
- interpreted in ASCII. This allows much easier observation of the data you
- are editing.
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- You will be asked whether you want to modify the data on the display,
- install modified data to disk, or display another block of data. If you
- are just observing the data in the binary file, pressing return will bring
- up the next block of data; or you may enter any address within the file.
- Note that if you enter an address which occurs in the middle of a 128 byte
- block, such as 3F9, the editor will begin the display at the beginning of
- that block, or 380 in this example. The data for the address 3F9 would
- occur in the last line of the 128 byte block.
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- Once you find the block of data you wish to edit, use the M (Modify)
- command to begin the edit session. NOTE THAT NO CHANGES ARE MADE TO THE
- DISK FILE UNTIL YOU SPECIFICALLY INSTALL THEM TO DISK WITH THE I OPTION.
- You will now be requested to enter the address you wish to modify. The
- address you enter must be in the 128 byte block, or an error will result.
- The address is entered in hex, and may be from 1 to 4 characters (i.e.
- leading zeros are not required.) Data similar to the following will then be
- displayed:
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- 03F9 41 A
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- The first number is the address you requested. The second number is the
- data in that address, represented in hex. The third number is the ASCII
- character represented by the hex data. You may now enter the new data, in
- hex. Either one or two digits may be entered. You may enter the data in
- ASCII by preceeding the character with a single quote (i.e. 'B would
- replace the ASCII A in the example above with an ASCII B)
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- Once you enter the new data, the editor will automatically advance to the
- next byte in the 128 byte block of data. If you just press RETURN, without
- entering any data, the current location will not be modified, and the next
- location will be displayed. If the next location is outside the 128 byte
- block (i.e. advancing from 3FF to 400) the editor will redisplay the
- current block of data with all changes (i.e. it will not advance to the
- next block). Remember that changes have not been installed to disk, and
- will not be until you select the Install option.
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- You may "back up" to review or reenter data for the previous location by
- pressing -. Exit by pressing Q or a period. Exit will cause the question
- "Address to Modify?" to again be displayed. If you do not wish to enter
- more data in this block, again use Q or a period to exit. The full block
- of data, with all changes, will then be displayed. Be sure to INSTALL
- these changes to the disk (with the I option) to make the changes
- permanent. As the changes are installed to the disk, you may or may not
- see indication of drive activity. Many CP/M and MS-DOS systems will
- "buffer" several blocks of data before actually writing them to the disk.
- All data will automatically be sent to the disk drive when you exit the
- editor with the Q option.
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- File Conversion Utilities
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- Menu option 3 through 6 are fairly self explanatory. You will be required
- to enter the name of a binary file and either an Intel HEX file or a
- Motorola S file. If you are converting from Intel HEX to binary (Menu
- option 4) or from Motorola S to binary (Menu option 6), a few restrictions
- apply. First, leading characters in the line are not allowed. Intel Hex
- files must begin with a : as the first character in each line. Motorola S
- files must begin with an S as the first character in each line. If leading
- characters exist, they can be removed with a standard text editor such as
- Wordstar.
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- A characteristic of both Intel HEX and Motorola S files is that, since a
- new address is specified on each line of the file, it is possible for the
- data to "jump around" in memory. It is possible that the first line of the
- file specifies that the data is to be installed at location 10, for
- example, and the second line specifies that the data is to be installed at
- location 8000. This would obviously leave many unspecified locations in
- the middle. Toolkit will fill the unspecified locations in the binary file
- with nulls (00) in cases such as these.
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- It is also conceivable that the Intel HEX or Motorola S file jumps from
- location 8000, for example, in the first line, to location 10 in the second
- line. This will only occur if the assembly language source program
- contained an ORG (orgin) instruction to a lower location in memory. A JUMP
- FROM A HIGH ADDRESS TO A LOWER ADDRESS IN AN INTEL HEX OR MOTOROLA S FILE
- IS NOT ACCEPTED BY THE TOOLKIT FILE CONVERSION UTILITIES, AND WILL GENERATE
- AN ERROR. If you cannot fix the source code which caused the ORG to a
- lower memory address, it is possible to rearrange the lines in the Intel
- HEX or Motorola S file with a text editor such as Wordstar.
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- Conversions from Binary to Intel Hex, or from Binary to Motorola S (Menu
- Options 3 and 5) are generally unnecessary. One reason for this type of
- conversion might be to enable a binary file to be sent across a
- communications link with ASCII characters. If this is done, you must use
- Toolkit at the other end to convert the file back to binary. CP/M's LOAD
- command should not be used due to address specifications in the 0000 to
- 0100 range, which is a reserved area in CP/M.
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- You may use Toolkit's binary editor to examine and/or modify COM files in
- both CP/M and MS-DOS. Remember, however, that Toolkit's editor assumes
- that the first byte on the disk file is data for address 0, when in fact,
- CP/M assumes that the first byte on the disk file is data for address 100
- hex. Therefore, all addresses displayed by the Toolkit editor will be off
- (low) by 100 hex. The same thing occurs if a COM file is converted to
- Intel HEX format using Toolkit's Menu option 3. All Intel HEX address
- specifications will be low by 100 hex. As mentioned earlier, this is not a
- problem if Toolkit, rather that CP/M's load, is used to convert the file
- back to binary.
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