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- v.7, 990307
-
- FTP4ALL - FAQ
-
- Frequently Asked Questions
- by the FTP4ALL development team
-
- Q: What is FTP4ALL ?
- A: FTP4ALL is a ftp daemon for unix systems. It runs under any normal
- user account and doesn't require any special rights to start. It has
- its own permission and user handling, and is mainly independent from
- the operating system it runs under (although it inherits any
- limitations of the user account under whcih it is running).
-
- Q: Why should I use FTP4ALL, if there is <any ftp daemon> ?
- A: First, every other ftp daemon I know needs special privileges to
- run it. Then, there are system-integrated daemons which are used to
- access your shell accounts with the FTP protocol. FTP4ALL is
- different: you can generally run FTP4ALL from any account, without
- root access, with no power hit as compared with other advanced
- ftpdaemons.
-
- Q: Why shouldn't I use FTP4ALL ?
- A: If you're looking for a wu-ftpd type of daemon, which allows for
- such things as individual home directories, then FTP4ALL is not
- (currently) for you. Different ftp daemons are suited to different
- tasks, and you might wish to consider a daemon such as proftpd if your
- requirements are for tasks such as www-hosting. Generally, FTP4ALL is
- suited for any task that is not "system-integrated", by which we mean
- that FTP4ALL does not lend itself to allowing access by multiple users
- to system shell accounts.
-
- Q: Mhhh... sounds like a great deal, what does it cost ?
- A: FTP4ALL is distributed under the GPL, and is free if you don't use
- it commercially. Please read and understand the conditions of this
- licence.
-
- Q: Are there any FTP4ALL related limitations ?
- A: No, just the normal limitations that applies for user accounts
- under your unix environment. The only possible limitations I can think
- of are disk quota limitation and limitations if you want to bind a
- daemon to ports below 1024.
-
- Q: I found/got this neat file - where can I get the latest version of
- FTP4ALL ?
- A: [1]http://www.ftp4all.de/ and [2]ftp://ftp.ftp4all.de/pub/ftp4all/.
-
- Q: Are there any beta versions ? How could I become a beta tester ?
- A: All the latest beta versions are available from the ftp site. Take
- a look at the [3]ftp://ftp.ftp4all.de/pub/ftp4all/beta/ directory.
-
- Q: Tell me about the FTP4ALL concept.
- A: What you've read so far will already have given you a good
- indication as to the f4a concept, and you can always find more
- information on the FTP4ALL webpage. To sum it up in one sentence:
- FTP4ALL provides a solid and stable ftp daemon that allows full
- configuration and a means for developing powerful "addons" to
- supplement the power of the daemon.
-
- Q: Now, how do I install FTP4ALL ?
- A: First, get the latest distribution archive from our website. Then
- unpack it (tar -xfvz ftpd-2.xx.tar.gz), and run the configure
- (./configure) script. It asks you one question (read the next question
- ahead), which you have to answer. If this is your first time
- installing FTP4ALL just answer "no" to this question.
- Then run make (just type make). It SHOULD compile without any error
- messages and store the binaries in the binary directory (./bin/).
- Inside this directory are example ftpd.conf, users and groups files.
- Now you can edit the ftpd.conf file (see
- [4]http://www.ftp4all.de/config.html), and then run the "ftpd" binary.
-
- Q: What should I do on the first login ?
- A: The first thing you should to is to set a new root password using
- the [5]SITE PASS command. You should also assign an owner to the root
- directory by using the [6]SITE CHOWN command. Next you should assign
- permissions to the root directory using the [7]SITE CHMOD command.
- After verifying the result using the [8]SITE MOD command you may also
- want to update the default permissions for newly created files and
- directories, do so with the [9]umaskuser configuration option. And
- also you may want to set up the basic directory structure, to ease
- this set the umaskroot option in the configuration file before
- creating directories. Next you may want to check out additional
- options on the FTP4ALL homepage. Yes, it does sound a little complex,
- but before long all this will become second nature to you. :)
-
- Q: What is the "want DES encryption (y/n) ?" thing good for ?
- A: FTP4ALL has the ability to encrypt the users and groups file on
- your shell account, to protect it from hackers or curious system
- administrators. It is also sometimes used to hide the ftp4all daemon -
- to do this, you should rename the groups and users file and then use
- encryption. Do not mix DES user/group file encryption and DES password
- hashin in your userfile. For further information refer to
- [10]http://www.ftp4all.de/config.html#userkey.
-
- Q: Why can't I upload any files with long filenames ?
- Q: What is this "edit variable MAXFILENAMELENGTH in src/tweak.h now"
- thing ?
- A: As I said before, FTP4ALL uses its own permission system. The
- permissions are stored in permission files, usualy named ".perm". This
- file is created by the daemon in any directory to which ftp4all has
- write access. It contains a list with the names and permissions of
- each file in the directory. The filename field in this file is limited
- by the MAXFILENAMELENGTH variable. So, if you want to have files with
- filenames of more than 32 characters (default), you should edit this
- constant before typing "make".
-
- Q: So, how do I make these .perm files ?
- A: You don't. The daemon will do it for you, whenever you use the
- [11]SITE CHMOD command, or according to the defaults set in the
- configuration file. You should read and understand all the information
- related to the [12]configuration file for a detailed explanation of
- how the permissions system works.
-
- Q: Is there a port of FTP4ALL for the ... operating system ?
- A: Probably not. ;)
- It should compile on nearly all unix systems, at least with only minor
- modifications. There is currently no Windows-32bit version, but if you
- are a skilled programmer and would like to create one, please contact
- us. An Amiga version of ftp4all is also available; refer to our
- webpage for the address.
-
- Q: I'd like to port FTP4ALL to the ... operating system.. May I ?
- A: Great ! :) Just get in touch with us. But if you want to port it
- you should work on your own (or contact us before if you need help)
- and stay in the FTP4ALL "boundaries" :)
- Q: I've already ported FTP4ALL to the ... operating system !
- A: Even more great ! :), Please drop us a line at
- [13]ftp4all@ftp4all.de and let us know details (Operating system, URL,
- version, differences).
-
- Q: How can I contribute to the FTP4ALL project ?
- A: If you are experienced in writting clean ANSI-C code for unix
- operating systems and willing to contribute, please contact us as soon
- as possible :) Especially people with platform-related knowledge would
- help us to make FTP4ALL more compatible and easier to port.
- However, any new features would also be considered for inclusion
- within the FTP4ALL project so long as the c code you write is of high
- quality. We don't want people who like to put everything into the
- daemon (zipchecker, site give, nuke, ...).
- If you cannot write C, but you want to do something else, contact us,
- too, for example if you can write in another language, you can write a
- configuration system or keep track of the documents, or write a better
- FAQ :)
-
- Q: Why isn't there a zipchecker/unfoline setting/<insert script>
- included in the ftp4all setup ?
- A: It is at odds with the FTP4ALL concept to include everything
- imaginable into the daemon. Unlike some other daemons, FTP4ALL allows
- the siteop instead to implement external scripts for functionality
- such as zip checking, user statistics, and so forth. A collection of
- these scripts can be found at [14]http://www.ftp4all.de/addons/.
-
- Q: I'd like to write my own addons. How should I start ?
- A: Addons can be written in any language you please. You might wish to
- take a look at existing addons (see above) before beginning work on
- your own scripts. Popular languages for addons include C, Perl, and
- simple shellscript.
-
- Q: Why is so much of the FTP4ALL syntax so different from glftpd /
- rftpd / gftpd / <insert daemon name here> ?
- A: FTP4ALL's syntax is designed for power, simplicity and consistency,
- and we feel that it provides the most logical means for controlling a
- site and its users. However, if you don't like it, write your own !
- Because FTP4ALL provides sophisticated scripting functionality, it is
- a simple process to override any internal scripts with your own, that
- work as you would like them to. For a simple example of such
- "overriding", take a look at Overhead's "adduser" script at
- [15]http://www.ftp4all.de/addons/adduser.
-
- Q: How do I set a new password and what can I use as password ?
- A: You can set your password using the SITE PASSWD command (refer to
- [16]http://www.ftp4all.de/sitecmds.html#passwd). As normal user you
- can only set your password, as superuser and users with the "edituser"
- flag you can set the password for any user, and as groupop you can set
- the password for all users of your primary group. You can use any type
- of password you can use as shell password - normaly an alphanumeric
- string which may additionaly contain a few special characters. (do a
- man passwd on your unix shell).
- When changing the password using the SITE PASSWD you may experience
- problems if your ftp client filters or processes such special
- characters. Then try changing it using another ftp client or if you
- are experienced with the FTP protocol you may want to login using
- telnet and change it then.
- FTP4ALL uses the DES encryption routine to hash your passwords,
- meaning that a zero-string (a 56 bit string containing only zeros) is
- encrypted with your password. Then if you enter your password this
- encrypted string is decrypted with your password, and if the cleartext
- is again a zero string your password was correct.
- Plans are to implement better hash routine for FTP4ALL, which makes it
- more secure and working the same way on all unix systems (MD5 or
- SHA-1).
-
- Q: What's with these weird ratios ? limits ?
- A: For historical reasons, and also for maximum configurability,
- FTP4ALL represents limits as a percentage, rather than as a ratio.
- That is, if you want a user to have a 1:3 ratio (they need to upload
- one megabyte to download 3 megabytess) then they have to upload 33% of
- whatever they want to download, so their limit is 33. If you want a
- user to get twice as many megabytess downloads for whatever they
- upload, their limit should be 50. If you want them to be on a 1:5
- ratio, set the limit to 20. See, it's simple. You can also compute it
- using a simple formula: If the ratio is a:b then the limit is (a *
- 100) / b. Example: Ratio 2:3 will become (2 * 100) / 3 = 66.
-
- Q: What's this stuff I see about templates ?
- A: Templates simply provide a simple way for you to add users to your
- system. Any user can be used as a template, and by doing "site user
- add <newuser> <existinguser>" it is possible to create a new user that
- will inherit all of the characteristics of the old user. Also, users
- can be explicitly set to be template users - see
- [17]http://www.ftp4all.de/sitecmds.html#user for further information.
-
- Q: I do a "site chmod", but it doesn't change the permissions of the
- files. Likewise, "site chown" doesn't seem to have any effect.
- A: First, check that you have the syntax right. Assuming that you do,
- this is probably caused by problems with permissions at the shell
- level. For example, you might be running your daemon as a user that
- does not have sufficient permissions to write the .perm file into the
- file directories. Check the permissions, chown if necessary from your
- shell, and try again; all should be fixed.
-
- Q: I can't use FTP4ALL with my CD-ROM drive ? I think it's because of
- this permission files, because it displays nobody as owner, and I
- cannot access it. How to fix it ?
- Q: I am dumb and cannot write .perm files to my CD-ROM !!!
- A: FTP4ALL has it's own permissions, and yes it doesn't know how to
- handle a directory which misses the permission file. However, there is
- a special option to mount directories read only into the directory
- tree, called the cdpath-option, which is set in the configuration
- file.
- More information: [18]http://www.ftp4all.de/config.html#cdpath.
-
- Q: F4A was working fine, but all of a sudden nobody can login anymore
- (even though occasionally logins will succeed and everything works
- fine then)
- A: Check the groups-file. At least in 2.23 and 2.24 this might occur
- when the groups file is empty (i.e. it has only the comment line and
- states that there are 0 groups). If this is the case, try to recover
- the entries (e.g. by just typing them in - see docs for format) and
- try to login again. Everything should work fine again.
-
- Q: Everytime I change the configuration file I have to shutdown the
- site to update information. Is this normal ?
- A: Yes. One way to update the information is to shutdown the site
- ([19]SITE SHUTDOWN recommended) and restart it. If you want to update
- information while your site is running you may wish to use the SITE
- RECONFIG command.
- (more information [20]http://www.ftp4all.de/sitecmds.html#reconfig)
-
- Q: When I try to start the daemon, it just outputs one line and then
- quits out, and I can't ftp in to the selected port. Any ideas ?
- A: Generally (read: almost always) this is caused by an error in the
- configuration file. Look for a file called "ftpd.err", and read what's
- in there. In 90% of cases there will be a simple problem that is easy
- to fix.
-
- Q: I think I've found a bug, what should I do about it ?
- A: Please be sure to check all other questions in this FAQ, and the
- webpage, also be sure you've installed the newest version, since the
- FTP4ALL team works continuously to fix bugs. If you know about it,
- chances are that we do too...
- If you still think it's a bug email us as soon as possible with a
- detailed description of your system, your site, your ftpd
- configuration options, the programs running on the system, when the
- bug appears, and most importantly, how to reproduce the bug.
- Please don't harrass us to get bugs fixed- we are only human and get
- no money for our work on the daemon -- but we do what we can. If you
- are familar with FTP4ALL, and you have a suggestion how to fix the bug
- that you're encountering, please do include any suggestions.
- The second thing to do is to set the environment-variable "f4a_deb"
- (no specific value) and send the ftp4all-debug and the core-file (if
- one has been created) to us.
-
- Q: I want to be able to have lots of people log in with the same user
- name and have different credits maintained for each different login
- (based upon the IP of the connection). Can I do that ?
- A: Not yet. FTP4ALL has not been designed for "mp3/mp3" type accounts,
- and this functionality is not directly implemented at this time.
- However, support of this nature is being worked on currently (possibly
- through external scripts). Check back regularly at our page for
- further information.
-
- Q: I wrote a nice addon and I want to publish it... but how ?
- A: Please package the addon with a short description and email it to
- the address below. We will contact you to let you know whether it has
- been accepted into the addon section. It might be possible for you to
- upload the file to us, but do please contact us by mail or IRC
- beforehand.
-
- Q: Why don't you include this or that or fix that stupid bug earlier ?
- A: Suggestions are allowed, and we have a internal "wish-list". But
- please don't bug us to program a particular feature for you. We are
- currently a team of 4 people (two programmers, two supporters), mostly
- students and we are not paid for this work. And our ToDo-list is quite
- full all the time.
- If you can't wait for the next stable version you can always download
- betas of ftp4all ([21]ftp://ftp.ftp4all.de/pub/ftp4all/beta).
-
- Q: I want to keep an up-to-date mirror of your FTP4ALL page. May I ?
- A: If you would like to, please do so, but the discussion section
- should remain on our main site (www.ftp4all.de). Once your mirror is
- up, please [22]email us, so we can add it to our page.
-
- Q: How do I contact the FTP4ALL development team ?
- A: You can reach us via email, [23]ftp4all@ftp4all.de
- You can reach us via our webbbs, which is often the most effective way
- to get help, often within a hour or less,
- [24]http://www.ftp4all.de/cgi-bin/f4a.cgi
- You can reach us via irc, efnet..: #ftp4all (contact one of the ops)
-
- Before contacting us for help, please read the all the important parts
- of the webpage.
- If you email us, you may get more than one answer, from different
- developers.
-
- References
-
- 1. http://www.ftp4all.de/
- 2. ftp://ftp.ftp4all.de/pub/ftp4all/
- 3. ftp://ftp.ftp4all.de/pub/ftp4all/beta/
- 4. http://www.ftp4all.de/config.html
- 5. http://www.ftp4all.de/sitecmds.html#pass
- 6. http://www.ftp4all.de/sitecmds.html#chown
- 7. http://www.ftp4all.de/sitecmds.html#chmod
- 8. http://www.ftp4all.de/sitecmds.html#mod
- 9. http://www.ftp4all.de/config.html#umaskuser
- 10. http://www.ftp4all.de/config.html#userkey
- 11. http://www.ftp4all.de/sitecmds.html#chmod
- 12. http://www.ftp4all.de/config.html
- 13. mailto:ftp4all@ftp4all.de
- 14. http://www.ftp4all.de/addons/
- 15. http://www.ftp4all.de/addons/adduser
- 16. http://www.ftp4all.de/sitecmds.html#passwd
- 17. http://www.ftp4all.de/sitecmds.html#user
- 18. http://www.ftp4all.de/config.html#cdpath
- 19. http://www.ftp4all.de/sitecmds.html#shutdown
- 20. http://www.ftp4all.de/sitecmds.html#reconfig
- 21. ftp://ftp.ftp4all.de/pub/ftp4all/beta/
- 22. mailto:ftp4all@ftp4all.de
- 23. mailto:ftp4all@ftp4all.de
- 24. http://www.ftp4all.de/cgi-bin/f4a.cgi
-