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- With the advent of larger and larger hard disks, one of the factors
- that seems to be consistently overlooked is the factor of cluster
- size.
-
- A cluster is the smallest allocation unit on a disk. Every file that
- is created on a disk drive takes up at least one cluster. MS-DOS and
- Windows 95 use a file system called FAT (file allocation table). One
- of FAT's limitations is that it can only address a finite number of
- clusters on a hard disk. So, as hard disk partitions get bigger, so
- must cluster sizes. IBM's OS/2 operating system can be set up to use
- an alternate file system, called HPFS (high performance file system),
- that does not have this limitation.
-
- This chart shows the relationship bewtween hard disk partition size
- and cluster size. This table applies to all version of DOS from 4.0
- on up.
-
- +----------------------------------------+
- | Partition size | Cluster Size |
- |-------------------+--------------------|
- | 0MB - 128MB | 2K (2048 bytes) |
- | 129MB - 256MB | 4K (4096 bytes) |
- | 257MB - 512MB | 8K (8192 bytes) |
- | 513MB - 1.02GB | 16K (16384 bytes) |
- | 1.02GB - 2.04GB | 32K (32768 bytes) |
- +----------------------------------------+
-
-
-
- As you might guess, a smaller cluster size will waste less of your
- hard disk. A batch file with 400 bytes in it will consume one
- cluster, regardless of whether it's a 2K cluster or a 32k cluster.
-
-
- Why did I write CLUSTERS? Well, I was contemplating the purchase of a
- one gigbyte hard drive, and I was wondering how much of it would go to
- waste when I re-installed my files. I figured a more generic utility
- might be usefull to the public.
-
- CLUSTERS will examine the size of each individual file on a specified
- hard drive. It will display a chart showing the cluster alocation for
- all five possible cluster sizes. The current cluster size of the hard
- drive being processed is highlighted.
-
- Simply type CLUSTERS at the DOS prompt. It will ask whish drive you
- would like to examine, and will ask what your "pain threshold" is.
- The pain threshold is simply the highest percentage of waste that you
- think is tolerable. If using a cluster size would exceed this number,
- the screen report will flash the number. CLUSTERS will first create a
- list of all he directories on your hard drive. Don't be alarmed if
- the listing pauses -- some directories contain a lot of files to
- process.
-
-
-
- Next, CLUSTERS will check the size of every file on your hard drive,
- and will display running computations for all five default cluster
- sizes used by MS-DOS. The screen will look this:
-
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Disk usage prediction program (c) Nathan C. Durland
- Processing 283 directories. Pain threshold is 30.00%
- Current drive cluster size is 8192
- Directory D:\WORKSHOP\RESTEST\
- File: RESTEST.TXT
-
- 5,739 Files have been checked. 283 directories have been checked
-
-
- Clust Size Clust Alloc Bytes Alloc Bytes used Wasted %Slack
- ~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~
- 2,048 132,155 270,653,440 253,032,550 17,620,890 6.51
- 4,096 70,602 289,185,792 253,032,550 36,153,242 12.50
- 8,192 40,047 328,065,024 253,032,550 75,032,474 22.87
- 16,384 24,919 408,272,896 253,032,550 155,240,346 38.02
- 32,768 17,531 574,455,808 253,032,550 321,423,258 55.95
-
- DOS partition size/cluster size relationship:
- 0MB - 128MB = 2K (2048 byte) Clusters
- 128MB - 256MB = 4K (4096 byte) Clusters
- 256MB - 512MB = 8K (8192 byte) Clusters
- 512MB - 1.02GB = 16K (16384 byte) Clusters
- 1.02GB - 2.04GB = 32K (32768 byte) Clusters
-
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Personal observation -- Every menu item on the Windows95 "start" menu,
- and meny of your "normal" icons, represents what Microsoft calls a
- "shortcut". Shortcuts are small (200-400 byte) files that point to the
- "real" file. This is very wasteful of space on big disks.
-
- CLUSTERS, it's source code, and the documentation is placed in the
- public domain; however, I retain all copyright to the program and
- source code. You cannot charge for, sell, or lease this program.
-
- If you think CLUSTERS is kinda cool, let me know.. E-Mail me at
- OFFSYS@CENCOM.NET on the internet, NDURLAND on America on-Line, or
- 76467,3355 on CompuServe.
-
- If you are feeling philanthropic, send a $5.00 donation to:
-
- Nathan Durland
- 47 Spring St.
- Keeseville, NY 12944
-
- Clusters was written using PowerBASIC, from POWERBasic inc. If you
- need a DOS compiler that easier to use than C or C++, and generally
- creates faster executables, it's the only way to go.