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- N-1-3-040.92, EARN Link to Yugoslavia Suspended - What are the
- Issues?, by Frode Greisen, <Frode.Greisen@uni-c.dk>
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- Networkers usually feel as an international community without borders.
- Sometimes they notice with interest and appreciation that they are
- communicating with people from a new country that has not been on the
- Internet before, but usually they think that the more transparently
- information crosses the boundaries, the better.
-
- Some of us have worked for years to connect more and more countries in
- order to integrate the world-wide academic community. While we
- obviously had our private and sometimes conflicting views on the
- regimes of new countries, we generally saw increased communication as
- a force supporting understanding and democratization, in addition to
- its value for research and education.
-
- It was therefore hard to accept one of the consequences of the
- suspension of cultural, educational, and scientific cooperation with
- the new Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) decided in UN resolution
- 757. What happened was that the Austrian government ordered Austrian
- university employees to cancel the EARN link to Belgrade. After a
- subsequent difficult discussion in the EARN board we decided there was
- nothing we could do at present. This is because in most countries
- EARN is paid by the government for the purpose of academic and
- (public) research and with a ban on collaboration in these areas,
- there would be no need for a link. For good and bad, EARN - and many
- other components of the Internet - is not a general purpose
- infrastructure like the phone and fax network.
-
- Many arguments have been brought forward about this incident by
- network users both in Yugoslavia and in other countries. Progressive
- academics and students and peace activists in Belgrade complain to
- have their e-mail connection cut. Perhaps even worse, researchers in
- Skopje and other non-sanctioned parts of the former Yugoslavia have
- had their communication with colleagues all over the world suspended.
- So, in this case as in other cases, sanctions also hit the wrong
- persons.
-
- The most immediate hope which we probably all share is that the
- terrible events causing the sanctions will stop very soon.
-
- On the slightly longer term, EARN - and other Internet components -
- should investigate the pros and cons of establishing the network as an
- infrastructure which is robust to political intervention.
-
- Even if the bill of rights in most countries mean that no-one can
- forbid a citizen to communicate with citizens in any other country,
- the bodies paying for parts of the network can still set policies for
- the use of those parts. With the network becoming increasingly
- intertwined and with transit over various geographical and
- organizational areas being the rule rather than an exception, work is
- needed to make those policies consistent.
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- *Chief Consultant, UNI-C
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