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- 012.30 German Networking, Research and Information Centre (GeNeRIC)
- by Manfred Bogen
-
- In Germany, initiatives to build up a communication
- infrastructure for the scientific community following the
- principles of "open systems interconnection" are funded by the
- German ministry for research and technology and are pursued by
- the DFN association. GMD (Gesellschaft fuer Mathematik und
- Datenverarbeitung) is the main contractor of the DFN association
- and is providing the German Networking, Research and Information
- Center (GeNeRIC) for electronic mail, file transfer, remote
- login, packet switching, and information services for the members
- of this association in a multi-protocol environment (OSI, EARN,
- IP). Parts of the network management and coordination in Germany
- are done by GMD, too.
-
- The centre of the scientific communication in Germany is the DFN
- Message Handling Environment following CCITT's recommendations
- (X.400-84) and (X.400-88) for electronic mail with about 200
- MTAs. The X.400 central node, called "DFNRELAY," is operated at
- GMD's site in St. Augustin, close to Bonn. It is part of the
- European X.400 backbone managed and coordinated by RARE (Reseaux
- Associes pour la Recherche Europeenne) and in this context it is
- a "well-known entry point" (WEP) for X.400 mail in Germany.
-
- DFNRELAY is the place where institutions join the DFN Message
- Handling Environment. First interoperability tests between those
- new systems and the DFNRELAY system are made here. If these
- tests are successful, the name for the new installation and the
- associated address space is fixed following special naming
- conventions within the DFN MHS context, and the new X.400
- installation is announced to the other X.400 installations in
- Germany.
-
- Staff for DFNRELAY operation consult with their clients in the
- establishment of direct X.400 connections to their communication
- partners and in topics concerning routing or the monthly
- installation of RFC address mapping tables.
-
- The German X.400 WEP is presently connected via a 64 kbps port to
- the private X.25 network "WiN." The EAN system is also able to
- use X.400 protocols on top of the TCP/ IP protocol suite. This
- is appropriate because GMD is also doing the management of DFN's
- link (256 kbps) to the US Internet at the same site where the
- X.400 central node is located. As X.400 starts to be used in the
- United States on top of TCP/IP due to the NSFNET project at the
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, GMD can play its role as entry
- point for transatlantic X.400 traffic to Germany.
-
- Associated with the X.400 WEP "DFNRELAY" are a number of other
- mail servers which are operated at GMD:
-
- IXGATE: the central German X.400-SMTP gateway (X.400-internet),
-
- DFNGATE: the central German X.400-BSMTP gateway (X.400-EARN/
- BITNET),
-
- DEARN: the central German EARN node, and
-
- Interbit: a SMTP-BSMTP gateway (internet-EARN/ BITNET).
-
- For institutions which left EARN in Germany, GMD is providing a
- mail forwarding service. In general users do not know to which
- distribution lists or files they had subscribed worldwide.
- Therefore it is not possible, without loosing messages and files
- to signoff from a network such as EARN quickly. Messages for
- recipients with "old" EARN addresses arrive at GMD's DFNGATE, are
- processed (address mapping, protocol conversion) and are
- forwarded to the X.400 network.
-
- Ever since mail services began, they have been misused for file
- transfer by people putting large, unstructured data into the mail
- bodies. Some systems crashed due to their length restrictions;
- in X.400 this restriction is 2 Mbytes. As file transfer services
- provided on the base of File Transfer Access and Management
- (FTAM) and the Internet File Transfer Protocol (FTP) become
- available, a new gateway between FTAM and FTP is offered by GMD
- to connect the Internet and OSI worlds. At present FTAM-FTP
- software on top of ISODE is used and had to be adapted to GMD's
- communication infrastructure.
-
- In anticipation of a worldwide X.500 Directory Service, the
- information about all X.400 installations in Germany is collected
- and maintained at DFNRELAY in a central file called
- "Infobloecke". This information is distributed once a month via
- a special file server having mail access. Distribution lists for
- the German X.400 postmasters based on EAN's capabilities are
- produced automatically once a month out of this data to keep
- people informed about what is going on in the network. The
- application management in EARN, BITNET, and NetNorth is based on
- a central file too. Verification tools to check the consistency
- and correctness of the data are available.
-
- DFN's IP link is managed in the so-called "DFN Network Operation
- Center (DFNNOC)" as part of the GeNeRIC service provision. GMD's
- services for DFN customers are completed by the operation of a
- X.29-Telnet-Gateway (DFNCPT) enabling users in the Internet and
- OSI worlds to connect interactively to hosts in foreign countries
- as well.
-
-