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-
- CURRENT MEETING REPORT (June 8, 1990)
-
- Reported by Ralph Droms/ Bucknell University
-
- Introduction
- ------------
-
- John Veizades, Jeff Mogul, Greg Minshall, Bob Morgan, Leo McLaughlin
- and Ralph Droms attended a ``mid-term'' meeting of the Dynamic Host
- Configuration working group. Jeff Mogul was kind enough to host the
- meeting at DEC's Western Research Lab. The purpose of the meeting was
- to discuss the mechanism for network address allocation proposed at
- the Pittsburgh IETF plenary. The participants were chosen to
- represent the two mechanisms as presented at the Pittsburgh meeting.
- The time and location were chosen for the convenience of the
- participants.
-
- The allocation mechanism under discussion at this meeting describes
- the way in which DHC servers allocate and transmit network addresses
- to DHC clients. This new mechanism was first proposed by Leo and Jeff
- at the Pittsburgh meeting. In this mechanism, the DHC servers
- allocate and return a single network address to a requesting client.
-
- Discussion
- ----------
-
- The DHC WG generally agrees that the new DHC protocol should be based
- on the existing BOOTP protocol. The primary motivations behind this
- decision are the desire to capture BOOTP forwarding agent code in
- existing routers and the desire to avoid inventing a new protocol when
- an existing protocol can be used.
-
- The WG further agrees that the new protocol should be first defined to
- carry network layer configuration parameters to the client: network
- address, subnet mask, broadcast address and local network MTU. The
- question arises: how shall the DHC server select a network address to
- return to the client? There are several points on which one can
- compare the two network address allocation mechanisms discussed in the
- introduction:
-
- o Relative complexity of client and server code
- o Accuracy/correctness of allocated addresses
- o Compatibility with existing BOOTP clients
- o Ability to maintain coherent distributed information about
- allocated addresses
-
- The explicit allocation mechanism has appeal because it captures
- existing BOOTP clients and because it can make the client code much
- simpler. However, at the Pittsburgh meeting there was much discussion
- about whether the central allocation mechanism could be made to work;
- would it be too complex and would it be possible to maintain the
- global database required for distributed allocation of addresses?
-
- 1
-
-
- New Mechanism
- --------------
-
- At the June meeting, we developed an outline of the specific address
- mechanism, which we present for comment here. From the client's point
- of view, the new DHC protocol works the same as the existing BOOTP
- mechanism. In fact, we expect existing BOOTP clients to interoperate
- with DHC servers without requiring any change to initialization
- software. There are some new, optional transactions that optimize the
- interaction between DHC clients and servers:
-
- o Client sends DHC request for network parameters
- o Server sends response with network parameters and explicit network
- address (Note: This assumes the client receives at least one
- reply. If no replies arrive, the client may, at the discretion of
- local administration, enter ``genesis state'' [see below for
- details].)
- o (Opt.) Client updates local network ARP caches with an ARP
- broadcast reply
- o (Opt.) Client releases unused addresses from duplicate server
- responses
- o (Opt.) Client releases selected address during orderly close
-
-
- Problem Areas with Explicit Allocation
- --------------------------------------
-
- The first problem area encountered by a server when explicitly
- allocating a specific network address rather than a range of addresses
- is determining which addresses are already in use and which may be
- allocated or reallocated. Because the server may not be on the same
- subnet as the client, the server must use an ICMP echo message to
- probe for hosts already using a specific address. Thus all
- participants using network addresses in the dynamic allocation range
- (whether statically or dynamically allocated) must implement ICMP echo
- message processing.
-
- Some hosts, while implementing ICMP echo processing, may go into a
- state where ICMP echo requests are ignored for extended periods. The
- client request protocol includes two new extensions to help the server
- handle such clients:
-
- o ``brain damage'' - indicating that the client may ignore ICMP
- requests
- o ``reserve forever'' - requesting permanent allocation of a network
- address
-
- To meet the goal of reissuing the same network address to a host
- whenever possible, while allowing more hosts on a subnet than
- addresses available for allocation (obviously, not all hosts can be
- active simultaneously), the server must be able to timeout the
- allocation of an address to a host, and reuse addresses in LRU order.
- The optional
-
- 2
-
-
- ``release address'' message from the client to the server also helps
- the server determine when a network address may be reallocated
-
- The second problem area, which was discussed at some length in
- Pittsburgh, is the mechanism through which multiple servers can
- coordinate the allocation of addresses. We believe this is not a
- difficult problem. First, note that the problem only arises when
- multiple servers share responsibility for allocation of addresses on a
- single subnet. Second, the servers need not interact dynamically,
- after every network address is allocated. Rather, the address space
- for the target subnet can be partitioned among the servers, which each
- only allocate addresses from its own partition. Periodically, the
- servers exchange allocation information, possibly repartitioning the
- currently unallocated addresses to reflect client request load.
-
- Genesis State
- --------------
-
- In the absence of any servers, clients may choose to enter ``genesis
- state''. This state is intended for use in small networks in which
- resources for support of DHC servers may not be available (the
- ``dentist's office'' network). In genesis state, the client picks an
- IP address, probes for any current use of that address and then
- defends the selected address using ARP. The genesis state mechanism
- looks much like the Athena NIP address allocation mechanism.
-
- Conclusion
- ----------
-
- The problem areas in a protocol where network addresses are explicitly
- selected by a possibly remote server seem to be identifiable and can
- be surmounted by careful design of the protocol and server behavior.
- The advantages of explicit network address allocation appear to
- outweigh the disadvantages, and I recommend the DHC WG further
- investigate the new address allocation mechanism.
-
-
-
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