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- THE DRAWINGS CONTAINED IN THIS RECOMMENDATION HAVE BEEN DONE IN AUTOCAD.
- Recommendation U.61
- DETAILED REQUIREMENTS TO BE MET IN INTERFACING THE INTERNATIONAL
- TELEX NETWORK WITH MARITIME SATELLITE SYSTEMS
- (Geneva, 1980; amended at Malaga-Torremolinos, 1984)
- The CCITT,
- considering
- (a) that fully automatic working between subscribers in the international
- telex service and subscribers to a radiotelex service provided by a maritime
- satellite system is technically possible;
- (b) Recommendation U.60, which gives the general requirements to be met in
- interfacing the international telex network with maritime satellite systems,
- unanimously recommends
- 1 Maritime satellite systems should be capable of detecting the head-on
- collision condition at the coast earth station between a ship earth station
- request for call and a terrestrially originated call for that particular ship
- earth station and should:
- - permit the ship-originated call to be connected to the international
- telex network; and
- - terminate the call from the international telex network with an
- appropriate telex service signal (OCC) and a clear (Recommendation F.60
- [1]).
- 2 Should the head-on collision condition occur in the connections in the
- terrestrial network between the coast earth station and the telex exchange, then
- the normal procedures in accordance with the appropriate Series U Recommendations
- (U.12, S 3.3, U.11, S 2, U.1 S 12.2) should prevail.
- 3 A call-connected signal or a telex service signal and clear shall be
- returned as soon as possible after the receipt of the end-of-selection character
- at the coast earth station for shore-originated calls. The signal return delay
- shall not exceed 35 seconds.
- Note - For type C signalling (Recommendation U.11) the end-of-selection
- (EOS) character is combination No. 26 (+) in International Telegraph Alphabet No.
- 2. For type D signalling (Recommendation U.12) the EOS is character No. 11 in the
- Control Signalling Code (CSC). For signalling to Recommendation U.1, this signal
- shall be combination No. 26 (+) in International Telegraph Alphabet No. 2.
- 4 The maritime satellite system returns to the subscriber in the terrestrial
- network the service signal DER (Recommendation F.60 [1]), followed by a clearing
- signal when the maritime satellite system detects:
- - that the ship's station (teleprinter, control logic, radio equipment)
- is faulty;
- - failure of the answer-back from the ship's teleprinter.
- 5 At the termination of the call the requirements of the clearing and
- clear-confirmation signals shall apply to and from the international network
- (Recommendations U.1, U.11, U.12); the maritime satellite system may use
- different timings in the directions to and from the ship. It is preferred that
- the total times for such signal exchanges should have a minimum time addition to
- that quoted for the international network.
- Note - Automatic calling equipment and subscribers in the international
- telex network may attempt, under certain conditions, to place a follow-on call to
- the same ship. Under conditions of long clear and clear-confirmation cycle times,
- such calls will not be successful.
- 6 In the first generation INMARSAT system, telex characters are transmitted
- in synchronous channels using 6-unit frames. A telex character is thus sent as
- one start element followed by the five information elements of International
- Telegraph Alphabet No. 2. Speed differences between the on-board teleprinter and
- the satellite circuit are compensated for by occasionally inserting six elements
- of Z polarity, i.e., whenever a frame is to be sent on the synchronous channel
- and there is no complete telex character available. When the characters are
- retransmitted into the telex network, a stop element nominally 1.5 units long is
- added. Therefore, a period of Z polarity equal to the duration of a telex
- character may occasionally appear in the data stream.
- 6.1 The design of the equipment interfacing the international network should
- preferably ensure the following:
- 6.1.1 When type C signalling is employed to connect into the international
- network, either:
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-
-
- Fascicle VII.2 - Rec. U.61 PAGE1
-
- - the class-of-traffic and selection signals should all be transmitted
- into the international network at cadence speed without any periods of
- Z polarity between the 7 1/2-unit characters; or
- - the class-of-traffic signal, the class-of-traffic-check signal, the 2
- or 3 digits of the destination code of the called network and the first
- two digits of the called station should be transmitted as a complete
- block at cadence speed without any periods of Z polarity between the 7
- 1/2-unit characters. The remaining selection signals for the called
- number and the EOS signal (+) may be transmitted with periods of Z
- polarity, providing that the signals are not delayed by more than 4
- seconds.
- 6.1.2 When type D signalling is employed to connect into the international
- network, the class-of-traffic signal(s) or network selection signals and
- selection signals should be transmitted as a complete block at cadence speed
- without periods of Z polarity between the Control Signalling Code (CSC)
- characters.
- 6.1.3 If these options cannot be exercised, then the provisions of
- Recommendation U.11, S 13, Recommendation U.12, S 3.6 or Recommendation U.1, S
- 6.6 shall apply.
- 6.2 When operation to automatic terminals, store-and-forward units, etc., is
- required, it should be noted that periods of Z polarity may occur within an
- answerback and text during transmission at cadence speed. (See also
- Recommendation R.59.)
- A method for avoiding periods of Z polarity within an answerback signal is
- described in Appendix II.
- 7 Since, for automatic calls in the international telex service, there are
- no arrangements for call priorities such as are envisaged for maritime satellite
- systems and since it is a principle that a telex call should not be broken down
- without transmitting a service signal to the affected terminals, maritime
- satellite systems should, on exercising the maritime priority:
- a) attempt to set up the priority call by cutting down a call that is in
- the process of being set up, i.e. the call-connected signal was not yet
- transmitted to the international network before cutting down an
- established call;
- b) when a call in the process of being set up is cut down, transmit a
- service signal (NC) followed by a clear to the international network;
- c) where it is unavoidable that an established call be cut down, clear the
- call using the standard international clearing procedure.
- Note - Special signals could be used within the maritime satellite system
- to reduce the setting-up times of priority calls within that system. Such signals
- are not required to be related to the time scale of the cut-down of calls from or
- to the international network.
- 8 When the international network is used to permit an authorized telex
- terminal to access a coast earth station for the purpose of making a group call
- t ships, then such a service can be provided
- technically:
- a) when the originating network cannot apply selective barring to their
- subscribers, providing that the coast earth station authenticates the
- calling terrestrial telex station by the transmission of the WRU signal
- and checks the status of the characters received from the calling
- terminal's answerback;
- It should be noted that the WRU should be transmitted after the
- call-connected signal and the coast earth station's answerback has been
- transmitted to the calling terminal;
- b) when the originating telex network can apply selective barring to its
- subscribers, providing that the telex selection received by the coast
- earth station is of the format:
- D1D2D3X1X2X3 . . . Xk EOS
- where D1D2D3 is the appropriate telex destination code assigned to the
- Maritime Satellite Service in accordance with Recommendation F.69 [2],
- and X1X2X3 . . . Xk is the telex number at the coast earth station
- defining the partic p call request, which,
- in association with the calling terminal, may be used to
- identify the appropriate listing of ships to receive the
- group call. The character X1 in combination with the
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- PAGE6 Fascicle VII.2 - Rec. U.61
-
- Recommendation F.69 [2] code indicates to the international
- network that a maritime group call is being made. The
- character X1 shall be the character 0 (zero). (See also
- Recommendation F.120.)
- c) when type D systems exist in the connection to the calling
- telex terminal. In that case the "calling line
- identification" procedures of that system may be used
- during the setting-up phase of the connection to the coast
- earth station to authenticate the calling
- terminal's identity instead of the use of the WRU and
- answerback. Where the calling link identification is not
- available in the terrestrial network the Control Signalling
- Code (CSC) No. 12 will be received. Under these
- circumstances the WRU/answerback sequence should be used as
- detailed in S 7, a).
- When the request for a maritime group call, from the international
- network, is rejected due to lack of authorization, the international network
- should be cleared with a service signal (NA) followed by a clearing signal.
- Note - Group calls may also be set up via a store-and-forward unit
- associated with the coast earth station. This unit should be accessed by
- subscribers or other store-and-forward units in accordance with the relevant
- Series F and U Recommendations. The authentication of the calling telex
- subscriber should be done by the store-and-forward unit.
- 9 The composition of ship terminal's answerback codes should conform to
- Recommendation F.130 [3].
- 10 Appendix I gives the characteristics and timings for INMARSAT telex
- circuits. The example given is based on the implementation at the United States
- coast earth stations.
- APPENDIX I
- (to Recommendation U.61)
- Signalling characteristics and timing
- of the INMARSAT telex service
- I.1 Introduction
- This Appendix describes the characteristics and time sequences of the
- international telex service operated over the INMARSAT maritime satellite
- communication system via the USA coast earth station.
- I.2 Ship Earth Station (SES) originated telex call
- Figure I-1/U.61 shows the signalling sequence for a telex call originated
- from an SES terminal in the INMARSAT system. Figure I-2/U.61 illustrates the
- telex signalling and timing sequence. The following is a general description of
- the sequence of events in establishing a telex call from an SES to a gateway
- switch.
- I.2.1 To initiate a call, the SES sends a telex request message in the
- out-of-band request channel. The addressed coast earth station (CES) receiving
- the valid request message will send back an out-of-band assignment message on its
- normal TDM channel to the network coordination station (NCS). The NCS will repeat
- the assignment message on the common TDM channel to which the SES is listening.
- I.2.2 Upon receipt of a valid out-of-band assignment message from the CES via
- the NCS, the SES tunes to the normal TDM and can then access its assigned
- channel. The SES will normally achieve carrier and bit timing synchronization
- within 0.58 s after receipt of the assignment message. This time includes
- assignment message decoding, carrier recovery and clock recovery. Transmission
- will normally start upon frame synchronization, which occurs in less than 5.25 s.
- Therefore, the normal SES response time will be less than 5.8 s as seen at
- the SES or 6.6 s as seen at the coast earth station. The time that the assignment
- message remains active in the coast earth station is in addition to this 6.6 s,
- allowing enough time for the SES to start transmitting.
- I.2.3 The coast earth station, which is continually transmitting a polarity,
- makes the transition A to Z polarity indicating call confirmation within one
- character (150 ms, not counting framing delays) after the assignment message is
- formatted. In cases of heavy traffic, the assignment message may be delayed in
- queue until after the transition has occurred, i.e. it is possible for the A to Z
- transition to be received by the SES before the assignment message.
- I.2.4 The initial SES transmission is in the A polarity state. When Z polarity
- is received from the coast earth station, the SES changes its transmission from A
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- Fascicle VII.2 - Rec. U.61 PAGE1
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- to Z polarity. In the case when the A to Z polarity transition on the coast earth
- station to SES link reaches the terminal before the assignment message, the SES
- inserts no more than two characters of A polarity in the initial burst.
- I.2.5 Once the coast earth station has received the SES's A to Z polarity
- transition, call processing is started between the coast earth station and the
- gateway switch. The coast earth station presents the Z polarity to the gateway
- switch and the gateway responds with a call confirmation within 150 ms. Within 3
- s after the call confirmation, the gateway returns a call connected signal. The
- coast earth station then connects the gateway switch to the SES. The gateway then
- sends its header and a WRU to the SES. The SES will send its answerback in
- response to the WRU from the gateway switch. The SES's answerback is passed
- through the CES to the gateway switch. Upon verification of the answerback by the
- gateway switch, it will send a "GA+" (Go Ahead) and the SES can then send
- selection digits to the gateway switch.
- I.2.6 After this connection, the coast earth station does not respond to any
- data on the line until it detects clearing.
- I.2.7 The gateway switch, upon receipt of the selection sequence from the SES,
- proceeds to process the call to the desired terrestrial subscriber. As the
- INMARSAT system interfaces with various gateway switches, the signalling
- sequences proceed according to the protocol between the particular gateway switch
- and the terrestrial network.
- Note - The signalling sequences shown between the gateway switch and the
- terrestrial network in Figure I-1/U.61 illustrates one method of signalling which
- can be employed.
- I.3 Terrestrial originated telex call
- I.3.1 Figures I-3/U.61 and I-4/U.61 illustrate the telex signalling and timing
- sequences for a telex call originated in a terrestrial network to an SES via the
- INMARSAT system. As the signalling sequences between the terrestrial networks and
- each gateway switch are not identical, that portion of the signalling sequences
- in Figure I-3/U.61 is for illustrative purposes only and no attempt is made to
- describe all the possible sequences.
- I.3.2 The following paragraphs provide a description of the sequence of events
- which occur between a gateway switch and an SES for a telex call originated from
- the terrestrial network.
- I.3.2.1 Upon receipt of the selection digits from the terrestrial network, the
- gateway switch starts the signalling sequence by sending a call request signal on
- an idle circuit to the coast earth station. Upon receipt, the coast earth station
- returns both a call confirmation and proceed-to-select signal within the proper
- intervals as shown in Figure I-4/U.61. The gateway switch can then proceed to
- send the selection digits to the coast earth station.
- I.3.2.2 The coast earth station checks the validity of the selection digits and
- if correct, sends an out-of-band assignment message via the NCS to the SES
- requested. When the assignment message has been transmitted, the signalling
- proceeds in the same manner as a call from an SES to a coast earth station
- described in S 2. Once the coast earth station has received the satellite call
- connect from the SES, it sends a call connected signal to the gateway switch and
- cuts through the circuit between the SES and the gateway switch. From this point,
- the coast earth station is essentially transparent to all data on the line until
- it detects a clearing signal.
- I.3.2.3 The gateway then sends a WRU to the SES. The SES responds to the
- gateway's WRU with its answerback. The gateway switch, upon receipt of the SES's
- answerback, sends its header to the SES and the SES's answerback to the
- terrestrial network and the call is now in progress.
- I.4 Telex clearing sequence
- I.4.1 The coast earth station recognizes a clearing signal as an A polarity
- condition of 400 to 1000 ms from either the gateway switch or an SES. After
- recognition of the clearing signal, the coast earth station will disconnect the
- circuit and send a clear confirmation signal in both directions.
- I.4.2 Release of the satellite circuit section is under the control of the coast
- earth station. The SES does not stop transmission of its RF carrier until:
- a) it has returned a clear confirmation signal following the receipt of a
- clearing signal from the coast earth station; or
- b) a clear confirmation signal is received from the coast earth station.
- In either case, the SES maintains an A polarity signal for a maximum of
- 3.09 s before transmission is terminated.
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- PAGE6 Fascicle VII.2 - Rec. U.61
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- I.4.3 For 6 seconds after the successful receipt of the clearing and clear
- confirmation signals over a circuit section between the coast earth station and a
- gateway switch, the coast earth station will not process any calls on that
- circuit section. The SES is also considered busy during this 6-second interval.
- This 6-second guard time is necessary to
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- allow for proper clearing of the SES over the satellite circuit section. If
- another telex call is received for that SES during the 6-second guard time, the
- coast earth station will send back an OCC service signal. Once the guard time is
- past and the SES has been successfully cleared, the CES notifies the NCS that the
- SES is now idle.
- FIGURE I-1/U.61 - CCITT 48391
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- FIGURE I-2/U.61 - CCITT 48401
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- FIGURE I-3/U.61 - CCITT 48411
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- FIGURE I-4/U.61 - CCITT 48421
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- PAGE6 Fascicle VII.2 - Rec. U.61
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- APPENDIX II
- (to Recommendation U.61)
- Method employed at the Nordic coast earth station
- to avoid periods of Z polarity within the answerback signal
- The call set-up procedures employed at the Nordic coast earth station are
- similar to those shown in Appendix I. The coast earth station acts as an
- international gateway and is directly interconnected with the international telex
- exchange in Oslo.
- The ship's answerback is obtained by the coast earth station for both ship
- originated and shore originated calls as soon as the satellite circuit has been
- established. The answerback is then stored at the coast earth station with any
- period of Z polarity omitted.
- Whenever the coast earth station detects a WRU signal from the
- international telex network during the conversation phase, the path from the ship
- earth station is blocked as soon as the WRU signal has been sent to the ship.
- When the first few characters of the ship's answerback have been received at the
- coast earth station (in order to verify the continuity of the circuit), the coast
- earth station transmits the stored answerback into the international telex
- network at cadence speed.
- References
- [1] CCITT Recommendation Operational provisions for the international telex
- service, Rec. F.60.
- [2] CCITT Recommendation Plan for telex destination codes, Rec. F.69.
- [3] CCITT Recommendation Maritime answer-back codes, Rec. F.130.
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- Fascicle VII.2 - Rec. U.61 PAGE1
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