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- Recommendation U.5
- REQUIREMENTS TO BE MET BY REGENERATIVE REPEATERS
- IN INTERNATIONAL CONNECTIONS
- (former CCIT Recommendation E.5, Geneva, 1956;
- amended at Geneva, 1964, Mar del Plata, 1968 and Geneva, 1976)
- The CCITT,
- considering
- (a) that it may be desirable to include regenerative repeaters in
- teleprinter switching networks;
- (b) that the only signals other than teleprinter signals that must be
- transmitted by a regenerative repeater are the clearing signal and the
- call-connected signal (see S 3.1.3 below), since all other signals can be
- bypassed;
- (c) that other signals may be transmitted by regenerative repeaters,
- unanimously declares the view
- 1 that, when regenerative repeaters are used in switching systems, the
- clearing signal should be retransmitted with a minimum of delay. This delay is of
- course the same as for the transmission of teleprinter signals;
- 2 that to ensure the correct retransmission of the call-connected signal
- (see S 3.1.3 below) and the clearing signal, the regenerative repeater must not automatically insert the stop element in
- either of these signals;
- 3 that for other signals that may pass through regenerative
- repeaters, the tolerances at the origin and after retransmission
- through the regenerative repeaters are as stated below.
- Note - The characteristics and tolerances quoted are for the signals at
- the origin. The tolerances at the input to the regenerative repeater will depend
- on the degree of distortion in the transmission path from the origin to the input
- of the regenerative repeater. The tolerances at the output will depend on the
- normal tolerances for the regenerative repeater.
- 3.1 Pulse signals
- 3.1.1 Call-confirmati n (proceed-to-select) signal. Type B
- signalling
- A pulse of stop polarity of duration from 17.5 to 35 milliseconds. The
- nominal duration of the pulse after retransmission through the regenerative
- repeater should not be less than 20 milliseconds or more than 40 milliseconds.
- Note - This signal will be transmitted over only one international trunk
- circuit and should thus normally pass through not more than one regenerative
- repeater.
- 3.1.2 Dial selection signals. Type B signalling
- These signals have been standardized (Recommendation U.2) at a dial speed
- of 10 pulses per second ▒ 10%, and a pulse ratio (start/stop) between the
- tolerance of 1.2:1 and 1.9:1 with a nominal ratio lying between 1.5:1 and 1.6:1.
- Such signals after retransmission through several regenerative repeaters should
- not fall outside the tolerances stated above.
- 3.1.3 Call-connected signal. Type A signalling
- A pulse of start polarity lasting 150 ▒ 11 milliseconds. The nominal
- duration of the pulse after retransmission through several regenerative repeaters
- should be within the limits of 140 to 160 milliseconds.
- 3.1.4 Busy signal. Type B signalling
- Pulses of stop polarity lasting 165-260 milliseconds, separated by
- intervals of start polarity lasting 1.5 seconds ▒ 30%. After retransmission
- through several regenerative repeaters neither the pulses nor the intervals
- should be shortened by more than 10%.
- 3.2 Sequence signals (involving a single change of polarity)
- 3.2.1 Calling signal. Types A and B signalling
- 3.2.2 Call-connected signal. Type B signalling
- These signals (inversion from start to stop polarity) have no timing
- tolerances as such. It is, however, essential that they should be retransmitted
- by a regenerative repeater with a minimum of delay which in no case should exceed
- 20 milliseconds.
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- Fascicle VII.2 - Rec. U.5 PAGE1
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