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- Recommendation T.417
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- OPEN DOCUMENT ARCHITECTURE (ODA) AND INTERCHANGE FORMAT -
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- RASTER GRAPHICS CONTENT ARCHITECTURES1)
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- CONTENTS
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- 1 Scope
- 2 Normative references
- 3 Definitions
- 4 General principles
- 4.1 Content architectures
- 4.2 Content
- 4.3 Presentation attributes
- 4.4 Content portion attributes
- 4.5 Coding of content information
- 4.6 Picture element (pel) array
- 5 Principles of positioning pels
- 5.1 Basic concepts
- 5.2 Pel image model
- 5.3 Positioning of pels
- 5.4 Positioning of pels in a basic layout object
- 6 Definition of raster graphics presentation attributes
- 6.1 Shared presentation attributes
- 6.2 Layout presentation attributes
- 6.3 Logical presentation attributes
- 6.4 Content architecture class attributes
- 7 Definition of raster graphics content portion attributes
- 7.1 Common coding attributes
- 7.2 Coding attributes
- 7.3 Content information attributes
- 7.4 Interactions with document architecture attributes
- 8 Formal definitions of raster graphics content architecture dependent data types
- 8.1 Introduction
- 8.2 Representation of presentation attributes
- 8.3 Representation of coding attributes
- 8.4 Representation of non-basic features and non-standard defaults
- 9 Coding schemes
- 9.1 Group 4 facsimile encoding scheme
- 9.2 Group 3 facsimile encoding scheme
- 9.3 Bitmap encoding scheme
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- ───────
- 1) This text is aligned with the final text of the corresponding International Standard ISO 8613-7.
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- 1 Fascicle VII.6 - Rec. T.417
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- 10 Content layout process
- 10.1 Introduction
- 10.2 Notation
- 10.3 The fixed dimension content layout method
- 10.4 The scalable dimension content layout method
- 11 Content imaging process
- 11.1 Introduction
- 11.2 Content imaging process for formatted form
- 11.3 Content imaging process for formatted processable form
- 12 Definition of raster graphics content architecture classes
- 12.1 Summary of raster graphic presentation attributes
- 12.2 Summary of raster graphic content portion attributes
- Annex A -Summary of raster graphic content architecture classes
- Annex B -Recommendations for the development of raster graphics content architecture levels in document application
- profiles
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- 1 Scope
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- 1.1 The purpose of the T.410-Series of Recommendations is to facilitate the interchange of documents.
- In the context of the T.410-Series, documents are considered to be items such as memoranda, letters, invoices,
- forms and reports, which may include pictures and tabular material. The content elements used within the documents may
- include graphic characters, geometric graphic elements and raster graphic elements, all potentially within one document.
- Note - The T.410-Series of Recommendations is designed to allow for extensions, including typographical features,
- colour, spreadsheets and additional types of content such as sound.
- 1.2 The T.410-Series applies to the interchange of documents by means of data communications or the exchange of
- storage media.
- The T.410-Series provides for the interchange of documents for either or both of the following purposes:
- - to allow presentation as intended by the originator;
- - to allow processing such as editing and reformatting.
- The composition of a document in interchange can take several forms:
- - formatted form, allowing presentation of the document;
- - processable form, allowing processing of the document;
- - formatted processable form, allowing both presentation and processing.
- The T.410-Series also provides for the interchange of ODA information structures used for the processing of
- interchanged documents.
- Furthermore, the T.410-Series allows for the interchange of documents containing one or more different types of
- content such as character text, images graphics and sound.
- 1.3 This Recommendation defines:
- - the raster graphics content architectures that can be used in conjunction with the document architecture
- defined in Recommendation T.412;
- - the internal structure of content portions that are structured according to a raster graphics content
- architecture;
- - those aspects of positioning and imaging applicable to the presentation of raster graphics contents in a
- basic layout object;
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- Fascicle VII.6 - Rec. T.417 2
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- - a content layout process which, together with the document layout process defined in Recommendation
- T.412, specifies the method for determining the dimensions of basic layout objects for raster graphics
- content portions;
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- - the presentation and content portion attributes applicable to raster graphics content architectures.
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- 2 Normative references
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- The following Recommendations and International Standards contain provisions which, through references in this
- text, constitute provisions of the T.410-Series of Recommendations. At the time of publication the editions indicated were
- valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based upon the T.410-Series of Recommendations are
- encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards listed below. Members of ISO
- and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.
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- - Rec. T.4 (1988): Standardization of group 3 facsimile apparatus for document transmission.
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- - Rec. T.6 (1988): Facsimile coding schemes and coding control functions for group 4 facsimile apparatus.
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- - Rec. X.208 (1988): Specification of abstract syntax notation one (ASN.1).
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- 3 Definitions
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- For the purpose of this Recommendation, the definitions given in Recommendation T.411 apply.
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- 4 General principles
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- 4.1 Content architectures
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- This Recommendation defines two classes of raster graphics content architectures:
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- - formatted raster graphics content architecture class, which allows for document content to be presented as
- intended by the originator. Formatted form content can only be associated with basic components;
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- - formatted processable raster graphics content architecture class, which allows for document content to be
- processed and also to be presented as intended by the originator. Formatted processable content can be
- associated with any basic logical component.
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- 4.1.1 Formatted content architecture class
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- Formatted raster graphics content is intended to be laid out, or imaged by the recipient in accordance with the
- originatorw's intent. It is not intended to be reformatted. This form of content may only be used in formatted form documents.
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- For this form of content, all the necessary information for positioning of pels has been specified. The method of
- positioning is specified in Section 5.
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- A particular feature of this form of content is that the position of the pel array can be offset relative to the position
- of the basic layout object. As a result, it is possible that not all of the area of the basic layout object is utilized for positioning
- pels. Also a portion of the pel array may be positioned such that it is outside the basic layout object. Such a portion, if any,
- is not imaged.
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- 3 Fascicle VII.6 - Rec. T.417
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- 4.1.2 Formatted processable content architecture class
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- Formatted processable raster graphics content is intended to be laid out, reformatted or imaged by the recipient in
- accordance with the originatorw's intent. This form of content may be used in formatted processable and formatted
- processable form documents.
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- The originator may, when using this form of content, specify the precise requirements for the layout and imaging of
- the pel array. Alternatively, the originator may specify various constraints concerning the intended layout and imaging of the
- pel array, i.e. the precise requirements are not specified and the layout is determined by the content layout process
- performed by the recipient.
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- When the precise requirements for the layout are specified, the fixed dimension layout method is used to layout
- and image the content. Otherwise, the content is laid out and imaged using the scalable dimension layout method. These
- layout methods are defined in Section 10.
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- A particular feature of these layout methods is that in both cases the content is laid out such that the entire basic
- layout object is utilized. In addition it is possible to specify that only a portion of the pel array is to be laid out.
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- 4.2 Content
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- The content of a basic component that conforms to a raster graphics content architecture represents a two-
- dimensional pictorial image in the form of a rectangular two-dimensional array of picture elements (pels).
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- Each element of a pel array comprises data used to determine the image of the corresponding pel.
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- Each basic component contains exactly one content portion.
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- The data which determines the image of a pel specifies one of two states, named "set" and "unset". The set state
- is used to identify the foreground colour and the unset to identify the background colour. The representation of foreground
- and background within an image is not defined by this Recommendation.
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- Note 1 - For reproduction on paper, the background colour will normally be the colour of the paper, for instance
- white, and the foreground colour a contrasting colour, for instance black.
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- Note 2 - A future version of this Recommendation may allow specification of more information for each pel,
- enabling the representation of multi-colour images.
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- 4.3 Presentation attributes
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- Presentation attributes are applicable to basic components and specify information for laying out and imaging the
- content of the basic component, and are defined in Section 6. This information cannot be modified within the content of the
- basic component to which it applies.
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- 4.4 Content portion attributes
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- Content attributes are applicable to content portions and specify information related to the identification and coding
- of the content. They are also used in laying out and imaging the content of the content portion. Content portion attributes are
- defined in Section 7.
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- 4.5 Coding of content information
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- The methods of encoding the pel array in a content portion structured according to a raster graphics content
- architecture are specified in Section 9.
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- 4.6 Picture element (pel) array
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- The picture elements in an array have a defined order. The array consists of an ordered sequence of rows of
- picture elements. Each row in the array contains the same number of picture elements and consists of an ordered sequence
- of picture elements that represents a line of the image.
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- Fascicle VII.6 - Rec. T.417 4
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- 5 Principles of positioning pels
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- The methods of positioning pels within a basic layout object are described in this section. One of these applies to
- content portions which pertain to the formatted form content architecture. The other applies to content portions which pertain
- to the formatted processable form content architecture.
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- The general principles of positioning that apply to both these methods are described in 5.4.1, 5.4.2 and 5.4.3
- then describes the specific principles that apply to the formatted and formatted processable forms of content.
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- A basic logical component with a formatted processable form content architecture class must undergo the content
- layout process before it can be positioned and imaged. The content layout process (defined in Section 10) determines the
- block size into which the content portion is to be imaged. The content is then positioned in accordance with the positioning
- rules for content pertaining to the formatted processable form content architecture class.
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- Any parts of a raster graphics content portion which extend beyond the boundaries of the basic layout object are
- not imaged.
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- 5.1 Basic concepts
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- 5.1.1 Measurement units and directions
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- For raster graphics content, the unit for positioning pels is the Scaled Measurement Unit (SMU).
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- The SMU is derived from the Basic Measurement Unit (BMU) by multiplying the BMU with a factor which is
- specified by the attribute "unit scaling" (defined in Recommendation T.414). The BMU and SMU are defined in
- Recommendation T.412 ( 3.3.4.1 and 3.3.4.2 respectively).
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- All directions are expressed as counter clockwise angles of rotation relative to some specified reference direction
- (as illustrated in Figure 1/T.417).
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- FIGURE 1/T.417
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- Example of direction
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- 5.1.2 Coordinate systems
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- Two rectangular coordinate systems are used in the positioning of pels.
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- One system is a dimensionless coordinate system used to identify the pels that constitute a clipped pel array
- (defined in 5.3.1). In this system, the origin of the coordinate system is positioned at the first pel in the pel array. One axis
- is in the direction of the pels in each row of pels. The second axis is in the direction of the columns of pels. This system
- uses non-negative dimensionless integer values and coordinate pairs are denoted using upper case letters.
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- 5 Fascicle VII.6 - Rec. T.417
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- The second system is used for the positioning of pels associated with basic layout objects. In this system, one axis
- is parallel to the horizontal axis of the page coordinate system (defined in Recommendation T.412) and the other axis is in a
- direction 270 degrees relative to the horizontal axis. This system uses rational values in scaled measurements units (SMUs)
- to identify points or specify lengths within a basic layout object. Coordinate pairs are indicated in lower case letters.
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- 5.2 Pel image model
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- Each pel is associated with a reference area. The side of the reference are along the direction of the pel path
- equals the pel spacing and the side along the direction of line progression equals the line spacing.
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- Each reference area has a reference point, which is used for positioning the pel. The reference point is defined as
- the corner of the reference area situated in the opposite direction of both pel path and line progression. The position of a pel
- in a basic layout object is defined as the position of reference point of the reference area of that pel.
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- Note - The position of the image of the pel relative to the reference area is implementation dependent, but it is the
- intention that the main part of the image of pel is positioned within the reference area.
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- 5.3 Positioning of pels
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- In general, when positioning (and subsequently imaging) the content of a content portion in relation to a basic
- layout object, only part of the content is considered. Two methods of selecting the required part of the content are provided:
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- - specification of a clipped pel array;
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- - discarding of pels.
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- 5.3.1 The clipped pel array
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- The clipped pel array is a rectangular array of pels defined by two coordinate pairs in the dimensionless coordinate
- system. The diagonally opposite pairs of the clipped pel array are identified by the coordinate pairs (XI, Y1) and (X2, Y2)
- where X1 <= X2 and Y1 <= Y2. Figure 2/T.417 illustrates the clipping of a content portion.
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- FIGURE 2/T.417
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- Example of clipping a content portion
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- Fascicle VII.6 - Rec. T.417 6
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- 5.3.2 Discarded pels
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- In the formatted raster graphics content architecture class, the number of pels to be discarded at the beginning and
- the end of each line of pels can be specified by a coding attribute.
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- 5.4 Positioning of pels in a basic layout object
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- 5.4.1 Positioning parameters
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- The positioning of pels within a basic layout object is determined by the following parameters (illustrated in Figure
- 3/T.417):
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- - initial point;
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- - pel path;
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- - line progression;
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- - pel spacing;
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- - line spacing.
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- The values of these parameters remain constant within the content associated with a particular basic layout object.
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- The general use of these parameters when positioning pels is described below and illustrated in Figure 3/T.417.
- The particular applicability of these parameters to formatted and formatted processable form content is described in 5.4.2
- and 5.4.3 respectively.
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- FIGURE 3/T.417
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- Positioning of pels of the clipped pel
- array within a basic layout object
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- Note - In the following text, various sub-section titles have been omitted.
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- The initial point is the point relative to which all pels are positioned within a basic layout object.
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- The value of the initial point is a coordinate pair (x, y), where x and y are the horizontal and vertical distances
- respectively, of the initial point from the reference point of the basic layout object.
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- 7 Fascicle VII.6 - Rec. T.417
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- The pel path is the direction of progression of successive pels along a line and is expressed as a direction relative
- to the horizontal axis of the page coordinate system (as defined in Recommendation T.412).
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- Line progression is the direction of progression of successive lines and is expressed as a direction relative to the
- pel path.
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- Lines of pels are positioned such that the first pel to be positioned on each line falls on an imaginary line through
- the initial point in the direction of line progression.
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- The pel spacing is the distance between two adjacent pels along a line, in the direction of pel path.
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- The line spacing is the distance between two adjacent lines of pels. The line spacing may be less than, greater
- than or equal to the pel spacing.
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- The spacing ratio is defined as the ratio of the line spacing to pel spacing.
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- The aspect ratio of a clipped pel array that has been positioned in a basic layout object is defined as the ratio of
- the dimension of the pel array in the direction of pel path to the dimension in the direction of line progression.
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- The first pel of the clipped pel array is positioned at the initial point.
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- Each pel on first line is positioned along a line through the initial point in the direction of the pel path.
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- The first pel of each line is positioned along a line through the initial point in the direction of line progression.
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- 5.4.2 Positioning rules for formatted form content
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- For this form of content, the positioning parameters are explicitly specified by applicable presentation attributes (see
- Section 6).
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- It is not possible to define a clipped pel array when using this form of content. However, a coding attribute can be
- used to indicate that a specified number of pels are to be discarded at the beginning and end of each line of the content
- portion. In this case, only the remaining pels in the content position are considered for positioning.
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- The line spacing and pel spacing are both specified by the same presentation attribute, and take the same value
- form the limited set of values specified in 6.2.2.
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- The initial point can be positioned anywhere inside or outside of the basic layout object. Its default position (see
- 6.2.1) is the corner of the basic layout object in the direction opposite of both pel path and line progression.
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- All the pels within a content portion are to be considered for positioning (apart from any pels that are to be
- discarded). However, pels that would be positioned outside of the basic layout object are not to be imaged by the imaging
- process.
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- 5.4.3 Positioning rules for formatted processable content
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- For this form of content, the positioning parameters are determined from information specified in presentation and
- coding attributes and from the dimensions of the basic layout object.
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- The clipped pel array is specified by a presentation attribute, which selects the portion of the content portion to be
- positioned.
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- The pel path and line progression are explicitly specified by separate presentation attributes. The initial point is
- determined from the pel path and line progression specified, such that it is situated in the corner of the basic layout object in
- the opposite direction of both pel path and line progression (see 6.2.1); other values for the initial point cannot be specified.
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- Fascicle VII.6 - Rec. T.417 8
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- The pel spacing is set to be equal to the dimensions of the basic layout object in the direction of the pel path
- divided by the number of pels per line in the clipped pel array. Similarly, the line spacing is set to be equal to the
- dimensions of the basic layout object in the direction of line progression divided by the number of lines in the clipped pel
- array.
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- Thus the clipped pel array is positioned within the basic layout object such that the reference areas of all the pels
- completely fill the basic layout object. None of the pels in the clipped pel array can be positioned outside of the basic layout
- object.
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- 6 Definition of raster graphics presentation attributes
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- Presentation attributes specify the initial conditions relating to the layout and imaging of the content of a basic
- component. They may be specified for basic logical and layout components and for presentation styles.
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- There are three categories of raster graphics presentation attributes:
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- - logical presentation attributes which take effect during the content layout process, but are ignored during the
- content imaging process;
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- - layout presentation attributes which take effect during the content imaging process. Their values are
- generated either by the content layout process, or by a process that creates or edits the content;
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- - shared presentation attributes which take effect during either or both the content layout and imaging
- process.
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- These attributes are listed in Table 1/T.417.
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- For each presentation attribute a default value is defined. This value is used in the defaulting mechanism as
- defined in Recommendation T.412.
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- This section also defines values for the content architecture attributes specific to raster graphics content
- architectures. These attributes are defined in Recommendation T.412.
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- TABLE 1/T.417
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- Raster graphics presentation attributes
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- w
- ┌────────────────────────────────┬─────────────────────────────────────┐
- │ Shared attributes │ Layout attributes │
- ├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────────────┤
- │ Pel path │ Pel transmission density │
- │ │ │
- │ Line progression │ Initial offset │
- │ │ │
- │ Clipping ├─────────────────────────────────────┤
- │ │ │
- │ │ Logical attributes │
- │ │ │
- │ ├─────────────────────────────────────┤
- │ │ │
- │ │ Pel spacing │
- │ │ │
- │ │ Spacing ratio │
- │ │ │
- │ │ Image dimensions │
- │ │ │
- └────────────────────────────────┴─────────────────────────────────────┘
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- 9 Fascicle VII.6 - Rec. T.417
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- 6.1 Shared presentation attributes
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- 6.1.1clipping
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- CATEGORY: Shared
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- APPLICABILITY: Formatted processable content architecture class
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- STRUCTURE: First coordinate pair: X coordinate,
- Y coordinate
- Second coordinate pair: X coordinate,
- Y coordinate
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- PERMISSIBLE VALUES: First coordinate pair: non-negative integer,
- non-negative integer
- Second coordinate pair: non-negative integer,
- non-negative integer
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- DEFAULT VALUES: First coordinate: (0,0)
- Second coordinate (N-1, L-1) where:
- N is the number of pels per line,
- L is the number of lines
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- DEFINITION:
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- This attribute determines the subregion of the pel array, as described by the
- content portion, which is to be considered by the content layout process and the content
- imaging process.
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- This attribute consists of two coordinate pairs. The first pair specifies the first
- pel that is part of the selected array. The second pair specifies the last pel that is
- part of the selected array.
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- REMARKS:
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- Each coordinate of the first pair must be less than or equal to the corresponding
- coordinate of the second pair.
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- 6.1.2line progression
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- CATEGORY: Shared
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- APPLICABILITY: Formatted and formatted processable content architecture
- classes
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- PERMISSIBLE VALUES: 90, 270 degrees
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- DEFAULT VALUES: 270 degrees
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- DEFINITION:
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- This attribute specifies the direction of the progression of successive lines,
- relative to the pel path.
- 6.1.3pel path
- CATEGORY: Shared
- APPLICABILITY: Formatted and formatted processable content architecture
- classes
- PERMISSIBLE VALUES: 0, 90, 180, 270 degrees
- DEFAULT VALUES: 0 degrees
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- Fascicle VII.6 - Rec. T.417 10
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- DEFINITION:
- This attribute specifies the direction of the progression of successive pels along a
- line, relative to the horizontal axis of the basic layout object.
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- 6.2 Layout presentation attributes
- 6.2.1initial offset
- CATEGORY: Layout
- APPLICABILITY: Formatted content architecture class
- STRUCTURE: Two parameters: horizontal coordinate,
- vertical coordinate
- PERMISSIBLE VALUES: Horizontal coordinate: any integer
- Vertical coordinate: any integer
- DEFAULT VALUES: The default value of this attribute depends on the pel
- path and line progression as defined in Table 2/T.417.
- DEFINITION:
- This attribute specifies the position of the initial point relative to the basic
- layout object.
- The parameters "horizontal coordinate" and "vertical coordinate" specify the
- horizontal and vertical coordinates, in SMUs, of the initial point relative to the
- reference point of the basic layout object. The value of each coordinate may be positive,
- zero or negative; if either or both coordinates are negative then the initial point will
- be outside the basic layout object.
- Note - The facility to specify negative coordinate values for the initial point is
- intended only for use with content architectures based on CCITT Recommendation T.73, such
- as RF-1 (see Annex B), which provide no other clipping mechanism.
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- TABLE 2/T.417
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- Default values of the presentation attribute "initial offset"
- (position of initial point)
-
- w
- ┌────────────┬───────────────────┬────────────────────┬────────────────────┐
- │ Pel │ Line │ Horizontal │ Vertical │
- │ path │ progression │ coordinate │ coordinate │
- ├────────────┼───────────────────┼────────────────────┼────────────────────┤
- │ 0 │ 270 │ 0 │ 0 │
- │ │ 90 │ 0 │ BDV │
- │ 270 │ 270 │ BDH │ 0 │
- │ │ 90 │ 0 │ 0 │
- │ 180 │ 270 │ BDH │ BDV │
- │ │ 90 │ BDH │ 0 │
- │ 90 │ 270 │ 0 │ BDV │
- │ │ 90 │ BDH │ BDV │
- └────────────┴───────────────────┴────────────────────┴────────────────────┘
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- Note - The notation used in this table is:
- BDV = vertical dimension of block;
- BDH = horizontal dimension of block.
- 6.2.2pel transmission density
- CATEGORY: Layout
- APPLICABILITY: Formatted content architecture class
- PERMISSIBLE VALUES: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, BMU
- DEFAULT VALUES: 6 BMU
- DEFINITION:
- This attribute specifies a single value for both the pel spacing and line spacing.
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- Fascicle VII.6 - Rec. T.417 12
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