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- All drawings appearing in this Recommendation have been done in Autocad.
- Recommendation E.713
- CONTROL PLANE TRAFFIC MODELS
- 1 Control plane traffic
- For the purposes of teletraffic engineering, the control plane traffic
- load is assumed to be generated by call attempts on the network. These call
- attempts are part of the call pattern described in Recommendation E.711.
- This Recommendation considers traffic loads at the lower three layers of
- the CCITT 7-layer reference models (Recommendation I.310 and I.320) described for
- ISDN in Recommendation Q.931 and in Signalling Sytem No. 7.
- The control plane traffic of an ISDN network includes all the control
- signals sent through the ISDN network. The types of control signals are:
- 1) signals for user call attempts
- a) to set up the connection paths in the user plane (reservation of
- time slots for circuit switched connections or control for the
- virtual calls of packet-switched connections),
- b) to release the connection paths in the user plane,
- c) if required, to order additional communication facilities or change
- of service by the users during the time of user information
- transfer,
- d) possibly to send charging information during the time of user
- information transfer.
- 2) User-to-user information messages1)
- Because control plane traffic due to user-to-user messages is left for
- further study, this Recommendation will consider only signals for user call
- attempts.
- The control plane traffic uses two types of channels in the network:
- a) the 16 kbit/s or 64 kbit/s D-channels in the user access, and
- b) the 64 kbit/s Signalling System No. 7 channels connecting two different
- signalling points.
- 2 Signalling traffic
- The end-to-end ISDN signalling traffic depends on the call pattern arrival
- process defined in Recommendation E.711 and on the signalling protocol.
- The basis for the estimation of the signalling traffic is the information
- given in the Recommendations of the I- and Q-Series dealing with the number and
- structure of the signals in the D- and Signalling System No. 7 channels for any
- type of attempt. The total signalling traffic is composed of these signals. The
- number of signals may be different for each different type of attempt.
- 3 Estimation of the signalling traffic for a single call attempt
- In Figure 1/E.713 the network components supporting the control plane of
- the ISDN reference connection of Figure 1/E.701 are considered. In each section,
- a significant point is defined:
- DA (D-channel, A user side): S/T interface at an A user side
- DB (D-channel, B user side): S/T interface at a B user side
- CA (S.S. No. 7 channels, A user side): outgoing side of the local
- exchange LE(A).
- CB (S.S. No. 7 channels, B user side): incoming side of the local
- exchange LE(B).
- Figure 1/E.713
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- The signal flow which is necessary to perform the control functions of a
- particular call attempt may be represented by a signal flow diagram. It contains
- all the signals passing the significant points in the control plane for the
- considered attempt. Figure 2/E.713 shows the basic scheme of this signal flow
- diagram. The arrows represent the layer 2 signals in the three connection phases:
- call establishment, user information transfer, and call release.
- An example of a signal flow diagram for a successful circuit switched call
- attempt is given in Annex A.
- The signal flow diagram is the basis for the estimation of the amount of
- signalling traffic caused by the considered attempt using the reference
- connection. The signalling traffic of a single attempt in a given section of the
- control plane associated with a significant point can be described by two sets of
- parameters:
- 1) the total number of signals passing the significant point in the three
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- 1) The analysis of user-to-user messages in the control plane is left for further study.
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- Fascicle II.3 - Rec. E.713 PAGE1
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- call-connection phases in the A-to-B direction and in the B-to-A
- direction, as in Figure 2/E.713;
- 2) the length of each signal type passing the significant point in the
- A-to-B and the B-to-A direction.
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- Figure 2/E.713
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- 4 Estimation of the total signalling traffic
- The total number of signals in the control plane over a reference period2)
- is determined by summing the number of signals caused by call attempts handled in
- the associated user plane during the reference period. Therefore the estimation
- of the number of signals is based on the estimation of the amount and types of
- attempts in the user plane.
- In order to estimate the amount of signals, it is necessary to accept a
- traffic model for the traffic in the user plane assuming the total number of
- attempts over the reference period and the breakdown of these attempts into the
- different types of attempts, such as successful call attempts, unsuccessful call
- attempts and calls to busy tone.
- The total traffic load of a section caused by the signals is expressed by
- the total amount of bits crossing its significant point.
- In order to estimate the amount of this traffic load it is necessary to
- multiply the length of each particular type of signals by the number of signals
- of each type occuring during the reference period and summing over all types of
- signals occuring during the reference period.
- Since the number and length of the signals do not vary widely for most
- types of attempts, initially this traffic model will be adequate by taking into
- consideration only the most frequently experienced types of attempts.
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- 2) The proper reference period to use for dimensioning is for further study.
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- PAGE4 Fascicle II.3 - Rec. E.713
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- The characteristic of the signalling traffic in a particular section of
- the control plane will depend on such factors as:
- a) the total traffic load caused by layer 2 and 3 signals for the
- attempts.
- b) the distribution of call attempts and release arrivals.
- The impact on teletraffic engineering caused by a full characterization of
- the arrival process is left for further study.
- Using Figure 2/E.713, the signalling traffic load at a significant point
- can be estimated.
- If, over the reference period:
- i is the call phase,
- j is the signal type,
- nij (u) is the average number of signals of type j in call phase i in
- the A-to-B direction,
- nij (d) is the average number of signals of type j in call phase i in
- the B-to-A direction,
- lj is the length of signal of type j,
- T is the total number of signals types,
- L(u) is the total load in the A-to-B direction,
- L(d) is the total load in the B-to-A direction,
- then:
- eq L(u) = \i\su(i=1,3, ) \i\su(j=1,T, ) lj x nij (u)
- eq L(d) = \i\su(i=1,3, )\i\su(j=1,T, ) lj x nij (d)
- Each nij (u) and nij (d) must be estimated from the number of call attempts and
- the call attributes in the user plane over the reference period. An example of
- this procedure is given in Annex A.
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- Fascicle II.3 - Rec. E.713 PAGE1
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- ANNEX A
- (to Recommendation E.713)
- Example of procedure for estimating
- the total signalling traffic in a D-channel
- A.1 Signalling traffic for one call attempt
- A call attempt of the following type is considered:
- - effective call attempt,
- - circuit switched connection,
- - en-bloc sending of dialled information,
- - call to an appointed terminal,
- - no additional control signals during the information transfer phase,
- - installation of data link in the D-channels required for establishment
- and release of the connection,
- - manual answering terminal.
- The signal flow diagram for this type of call attempt is given in Figure
- A-1/E.713 and Figure A-2/E.713. Three kinds of signals are indicated in Figure
- A-1/E.713:
- - layer 3 signals,
- - layer 2 signals for the activation and deactivation of the data links,
- - end-to-end signals via the S.S. No. 7 network.
- Figure A-2/E.713 presents the breakdown of the D-channel signals into
- layer 2 for the case of multiple terminals on the terminating side. The breakdown
- of the S.S. No. 7 messages and the total length of signal in the considered call
- attempt is for further study.
- A.2 Signalling traffic for additional types of call attempts
- For further study.
- Figure A-1/E.713
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- Figure A-2/E.713
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- PAGE4 Fascicle II.3 - Rec. E.713
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