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- ANNEX C
- (to Recommendation E.506)
- Description of a top down procedure
- Let
- XT be the traffic forecast on an aggregated level,
- Xi be the traffic forecast to country i,
- eq \o(\s\up4(^),s)T the estimated standard deviation of the aggregated
- forecast,
- eq \o(\s\up4(^),s)i the estimated standard deviation of the forecast to
- country i.
- Usually
- XT eq \i\su(i, , )!Unexpected End of Expression. Xi, (C-1)
- so that it is necessary to find a correction
- [X`i] of [Xi] and [X`T] of [XT]
- by minimizing the expression
- Q = a0(XT - XT`)2 + eq \i\su(i, , )!Unexpected End of Expression.
- ai(Xi - Xi`)2 (C-2)
- subject to
- XT` = i Xi` (C-3)
- where a and [ai] are chosen to be
- a0 = eq \f(1,\o(\s\up4(^),s)\s(2,T)) and ai = eq \f(1,\
- o(\s\up4(^),s)\s(2,i)) i = 1, 2, . . . (C-4)
- The solution of the optimization problem gives the values [X`i]:
- Xi` = Xi - eq \o(\s\up4(^),s)\s(2,T) \f(\i\su( ,i, ) Xi - XT,\i\su(
- ,i, ) \o(\s\up4(^),s) + \o(\s\up4(^),s))(C-5)
- A closer inspection of the data base may result in other expressions for
- the coefficients [ai], i = 0, 1, . . . On some occasions, it will also be
- reasonable to use other criteria for finding the corrected forecasting values
- [X`i]. This is shown in the top down example in Annex D.
- If, on the other hand, the variance of the top forecast XT is fairly
- small, the following procedure may be chosen:
- The corrections [Xi] are found by minimizing the expression
- Q` = eq \i\su(i, , )!Unexpected End of Expression. ai (Xi - Xi`)2 (C-
- 6)
- subject to
- XT = eq \i\su(i, , )!Unexpected End of Expression. Xi` (C-7)
- If ai, i = 1, 2, . . . is chosen to be the inverse of the estimated
- variances, the solution of the optimization problem is given by
- Xi` = Xi - eq \o(\s\up4(^),s)\s(2,i) eq \f(\i\su( , , ) Xi -
- XT,\i\su( , , )\o(\s\up4(^),s)\s(2,i)) (C-8)
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- Fascicle II.3 - Rec. E.506 PAGE1
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