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Text File | 1991-12-22 | 813.3 KB | 33,264 lines |
- .rs
- .\" Troff code generated by TPS Convert from ITU Original Files
- .\" Not Copyright (~c) 1991
- .\"
- .\" Assumes tbl, eqn, MS macros, and lots of luck.
- .TA 1c 2c 3c 4c 5c 6c 7c 8c
- .ds CH
- .ds CF
- .EQ
- delim @@
- .EN
- .nr LL 40.5P
- .nr ll 40.5P
- .nr HM 3P
- .nr FM 6P
- .nr PO 4P
- .nr PD 9p
- .po 4P
-
- .rs
- \v'|.5i'
- .LP
- \fBMONTAGE : FIN DE L'ANNEXE A DE LA RECOMMANDATION X.21
- EN\(hyT\*\|ETE DE CETTE PAGE\fR
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \v'28P'
- \fBRecommendation\ X.22\fR
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fBMULTIPLEX\ DTE/DCE\ INTERFACE\fR \fB\ FOR\ USER\ CLASSES\ 3\(hy6\fR
- .EF '% Fascicle\ VIII.2\ \(em\ Rec.\ X.22''
- .OF '''Fascicle\ VIII.2\ \(em\ Rec.\ X.22 %'
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fIGeneva, 1980, amended at Melbourne, 1988)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- The\ CCITT,
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fIconsidering\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- (a)
- that Recommendations X.1 and X.2 define the
- services and facilities to be provided by a public data network;
- .LP
- .PP
- (b)
- that Recommendation\ X.21 defines the interface between a Data Terminal
- Equipment (DTE) and Data Circuit\(hyterminating Equipment (DCE) for synchronous
- operation on public data networks;
- .PP
- (c)
- that it is desirable for characteristics of the
- interface carrying a multiplexed bit stream between a DTE and a multiplex
- DCE of a public data network to be standardized;
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fIunanimously declares\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- that the interface between the DTE and the DCE in a public data
- network using a multiplexed channel configuration employing synchronous
- transmission should be as defined in this Recommendation.
- .bp
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB1\fR \fBScope\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 1.1
- This Recommendation defines the interface between a DTE and a multiplex
- DCE, operating at 48\|000\ bit/s and multiplexing a number of
- Recommendation\ X.21 subscriber channels employing
- synchronous
- transmission.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- .PP
- 1.2
- The number of Recommendation X.21 subscriber channels is
- limited by the number of subscriber channels allowed in the network multiplex
- structure (see\ \(sc\ 4).
- .PP
- 1.3
- The provision of all services supported by Recommendation\ X.21
- is possible.
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB2\fR \fBDTE/DCE physical interface elements\fR (see Table 1/X.22)
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.1
- \fIElectrical characteristics\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The electrical characteristics of the interchange circuits at both the
- DCE side and the DTE side of the interface will comply with
- Recommendation\ X.27 with implementation of the cable termination in the
- load.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.2
- \fIMechanical characteristics\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Refer to ISO 4903 (15\(hypole DTE/DCE interface connector and contact number
- assignments) for mechanical arrangements.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.3
- \fIFunctional characteristics of the\fR
- \fIinterchange circuits\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Definitions of the interchange circuits G, T, R, C, I, S and F are given
- in Recommendation\ X.24 and in\ \(sc\ 4 below.
- .RT
- .LP
- .sp 1
- .ce
- .line
- .ce
- \fBTable [1/X.22] [T1.22], p.\fR
- .LP
- 2.4
- \fICall control and failure detection procedures\fR
- .LP
- \fICall control\fR
- \|and \fIfailure detection\fR
- \|procedures shall operate as specified in Recommendation\ X.21 on each
- subscriber channel independent of other subscriber channels.
- .LP
- 2.4.1
- \fIQuiescent states\fR
- .LP
- The quiescent states shall be in accordance with
- Recommendation\ X.21, \(sc\ 2.5.
- .LP
- 2.4.2
- \fIFailure detection\fR
- .LP
- See Recommendation\ X.27, \(sc\ 9 for association of the
- receiver circuit failure detection types.
- .LP
- 2.4.2.1
- \fIFault conditions on interchange circuits\fR
- .LP
- The DTE should interpret a fault condition on circuit\ R as r\ =\ 0 on
- all channels using failure detection type\ 2, a fault condition on circuit\
- I as i\ =\ OFF on all channels using failure detection type\ 1, and a fault
- condition on both circuits\ R and\ I as r\ =\ 0, i\ =\ OFF \fI(DCE not
- ready)\fR
- on all channels.
- .LP
- Alternatively a fault condition on one of these circuits,
- R or I, may be interpreted by the DTE as r\ =\ 0, i\ =\ OFF
- \fI(DCE not ready)\fR
- , using failure detection type\ 3.
- .LP
- The DCE will interpret a fault condition on circuit\ T as t\ =\ 0
- on all channels using failure detection type\ 2, a fault
- condition on circuit\ C as c\ =\ OFF on all channels using failure
- detection type\ 1, and a fault condition on both circuits\ T
- and\ C as t\ =\ 0, c\ =\ OFF on all channels \fI(DTE uncontrolled not\fR
- \fIready)\fR
- .LP
- Alternatively, a fault condition on one of these circuits,
- T or C, may be interpreted by the DCE as t\ =\ 0, c\ =\ OFF
- \fI(DTE uncontrolled not ready)\fR
- , using failure detection
- type\ 3.
- .LP
- 2.4.2.2
- \fIDCE fault condition\fR
- .LP
- Indication of the DCE failure condition shall be in accordance
- with Recommendation\ X.21, \(sc\ 2.6.2.
- .LP
- A DCE failure condition may effect all subscriber channels
- at the DTE/DCE interface.
- .LP
- 2.4.2.3
- \fISignal element timing provision\fR
- .LP
- The provision of signal element timing shall be in accordance
- with Recommendation\ X.21, \(sc\ 2.6.3.
- .LP
- 2.4.3
- \fIElements of the call control phase\fR
- .LP
- The elements of the call control phase, for each channel, shall be in accordance
- with Recommendation\ X.21, \(sc\ 4 with the exception that byte
- timing is not used.
- .LP
- 2.4.4
- \fIData transfer phase\fR
- .LP
- The data transfer phase, for each channel, shall be in accordance with
- Recommendation\ X.21, \(sc\ 5.
- .LP
- 2.4.5
- \fIClearing phase\fR
- .LP
- The clearing phase, for each channel, shall be in accordance with Recommendation\
- X.21, \(sc\ 6.
- .LP
- \fB3\fR
- \fBAlignment of call control characters\fR
- \fBand\fR
- \fBerror\fR
- \fBchecking\fR
- .LP
- \fB
- 3.1
- \fICharacter alignment\fR
- .LP
- For the interchange of information between the DTE and the DCE for call
- control purposes, it is necessary to establish correct alignment of
- characters. Each sequence of call control characters to and from the DCE
- shall be preceded by two or more contiguous\ 1/6 (\*QSYN\*U) characters.
- .LP
- 3.1.1
- Certain Administrations will require the DTE to align call
- control characters transmitted from the DTE to either SYN characters delivered
- to the DTE or to the signals on the \fIframe start identification\fR
- interchange
- circuit\ (F).
- .LP
- 3.1.2
- Certain Administrations will permit call control characters to be transmitted
- from the DTE independently of the SYN characters delivered to
- the DTE.
- .LP
- 3.2
- \fIError checking\fR
- .LP
- Odd parity according to Recommendation\ X.4 applies for the
- interchange of IA5 characters for call control purposes.
- .LP
- \fB4\fR
- \fBMultiplex structure\fR
- .LP
- Depending on the multiplex structure used by the network, the
- structure of the multiplexed bit stream will be one of two different
- types.
- .LP
- 4.1
- \fIMultiplex structure in networks providing 6\ bit\(hybytes\fR
- .LP
- The DCE shall deliver to and receive from the DTE a 6\(hybit byte
- interleaved multiplexed bit stream containing a number of subscriber channels.
- The allocation of the subscriber channels should be:
- .LP
- \ 5\ channels\ (phases)\ of\ 9600\ bit/s\ or
- 10\ channels\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ of\ 4800\ bit/s\ or
- 20\ channels\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ of\ 2400\ bit/s\ or
- 80\ channels\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ of\ \ 600\ bit/s\ or
- an appropriate mix of channel data signalling rates having an aggregate bit
- rate of 48\ kbit/s.
- .LP
- The multiplex structure is divided into five phases of 9600\ bit/s, where
- each phase shall be homogeneous with regard to the subscriber data
- signalling rates.
- .LP
- 4.1.1
- \fIInterchange circuits and\fR
- \fIinterface signalling\fR
- \fIscheme\fR
- .LP
- The interchange circuits between the DTE and the DCE are shown in Figure\
- 1/X.22 and a timing diagram for the signals is given in
- Figure\ 2/X.22.
- .LP
- The signalling over the interchange circuits is as follows.
- .LP
- The transmit (T) and receive (R) circuits will convey in one
- time slot six consecutive user data bits for one subscriber
- channel (see Figure\ 2/X.22).
- .LP
- The control (C) and indication (I) circuits will convey the
- appropriate signal levels in accordance with Recommendation\ X.21 for the
- data channel which in the same time slot have bits conveyed over the respective
- data circuits.
- .LP
- Change of condition on circuit C shall take place at the OFF to ON
- transition of circuit\ S at the beginning of the first bit in the 6\(hybit
- byte.
- The condition on circuit\ C shall be steady for the whole 6\(hybit byte.
- .LP
- Change of condition on circuit I will take place at the OFF to ON
- transition of circuit\ S at the beginning of the first bit in the 6\(hybit byte
- and the condition will be steady for the whole 6\(hybit byte.
- .LP
- The signal element timing (S) will operate for continuous isochronous transmission
- at 48\ kbit/s.
- .LP
- The \fIframe start identification\fR
- \| circuit (F) will indicate the frame start with an OFF condition appearing
- in the last bit of each frame. For
- length will be 480\ bits. For networks using Recommendation\ X.50 division\ 3
- multiplexing in which the user rate of 600\ bit/s is not included, the frame
- length will be 120\ bits.
- .LP
- 4.2
- \fIMultiplex structure in networks providing 8\(hybit bytes\fR
- .LP
- The DCE shall deliver to and receive from the DTE an 8\(hybit byte
- interleaved multiplexed bit stream containing a number of subscriber channels.
- The allocation of the subscriber channels should be:
- .LP
- \ 5\ channels\ (phases)\ of\ 9600\ bit/s\ or
- 10\ channels\
- (phases)
-
- 20\ channels\
- (phases)
- \ of\ 2400\ bit/s\ or
- 80\ channels\
- (phases)
- \ of\ \ 600\ bit/s\ or
- an appropriate mix of channel data signalling rates having an aggregate bit
- rate of 48\ kbit/s.
- .LP
- The multiplex bit stream is divided into five phases of
- 9600\ bit/s, where each phase shall be homogeneous with regard to the subscriber
- data signalling rates.
- .LP
- 4.2.1
- \fIInterchange circuits and interface signalling scheme\fR
- .LP
- The interchange circuits between the DTE and DCE are shown in
- Figure\ 1/X.22 and a timing diagram for the signals is given in Figure\
- 3/X.22. The signalling over the interchange circuits is as follows.
- .LP
- The transmit (T) and receive (R) circuits will convey in one time slot
- eight consecutive user data bits for one subscriber channel (see
- Figure\ 3/X.22).
- .LP
- The control (C) and indication (I) circuits will convey the
- appropriate signal levels in accordance with Recommendation\ X.21 for the
- data channel which in the same time slot have bits conveyed over the respective
- data circuits.
- .LP
- Change of condition on circuit C shall take place at the OFF to ON
- transition of circuit\ S at the beginning of the first bit in the 8\(hybit
- byte.
- The condition on circuit\ C shall be steady for the whole 8\(hybit byte.
- .LP
- Change of condition on circuit I will take place at the OFF to ON
- transition of circuit\ S at the beginning of the first bit in the 8\(hybit byte
- and the condition will be steady for the whole 8\(hybit byte.
- .LP
- The signal element timing (S) will operate for continuous isochronous transmission
- at 48\ kbit/s.
- .LP
- The
- \fIframe start identification\fR
- \| circuit
- (F) will indicate
- the
- frame start with an OFF condition appearing in the position of the last
- bit of each 640\(hybit frame. As an optional facility each frame start
- could be followed by a code which will indicate the actual channel allocation.
-
-
-
-
-
- Establishment of test loops for DTE tests and network maintenance is for
-
- .LP
- .ce
- .ce
- \fBFigure 1/X.22, p.\fR
- .ce
- .line
- .ce
- \fBFigure 2/X.22, p.\fR
- .ce
- .line
- .ce
- \fBFigure 3/X.22, p.\fR
- .ce
- \fBRecommendation\ X.24\fR
- .ce
- .line
- .ce
- \fBLIST\ OF\fR
- .ce
- \
- .ce
- \fBDEFINITIONS\ FOR\ INTERCHANGE\ CIRCUITS\ BETWEEN\ DATA\fR
- .ce
-
- .ce
- \fBTERMINAL\ EQUIPMENT\ (DTE)\ AND\ DATA\ CIRCUIT\(hyTERMINATING\fR
- .ce
- \fBEQUIPMENT\ (DCE)\fR
- .ce
- \fB\ ON\ PUBLIC\ DATA\ NETWORKS\fR
- .ce
- \fI(Geneva, 1976; amended at Geneva, 1980, Malaga\(hyTorremolinos, 1984,\fR
- .ce
- \fIand Melbourne, 1988)\fR
- .ce
- The\ CCITT,
- .ce
- .LP
-
- \fIconsidering that\fR
-
- .LP
-
- (a)
-
- the interface between DTE and DCE on public data neworks requires, in addition
- to the electrical and functional characteristics of the interchange circuits,
- the definition of procedural characteristics for call
-
- control functions and selection of the facilities according to
-
- Recommendation\ X.2;
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- (b)
-
- the functions of the circuits defined in
-
- Recommendation\ V.24 are based on the requirements of data transmission
- over the general telephone network and are not appropriate for use at DTE/DCE
- interfaces in public data networks;
-
- .LP
-
- \fIunanimously declares\fR
-
- .LP
-
- a Recommendation to include the list of definitions of
-
- interchange circuits for use in public data networks is required.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- \fB1\fR
-
- \fBScope\fR
-
- .LP
-
- 1.1
-
- This Recommendation applies to the functions of the interchange circuits
- provided at the interface between DTE and DCE of data networks
-
- for the transfer of binary data, call control signals and timing signals.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- For any type of practical equipment, a selection will be made from the
- range of interchange circuits defined in this Recommendation, as
-
- appropriate. The actual interchange circuits to be used in a particular
- DCE for a user class of service according to Recommendation\ X.1 and defined
- user
-
- facilities according to Recommendation\ X.2, are those indicated in the
-
- relevant Recommendation for the procedural characteristics of the interface,
-
- e.g.,\ Recommendation\ X.20 or\ X.21.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
-
-
- To enable a standard DTE to be developed, the use and termination by the
- DTE of certain circuits even when implemented in the DCE are not mandatory.
- This is covered by the individual interface Recommendations.
-
- .LP
-
- The interchange circuits defined for the transfer of binary data are also
- used for the exchange of call control signals.
-
- .LP
-
- The electrical characteristics of the interchange circuits are
-
- detailed in the appropriate Recommendation for electrical characteristics of
-
- interchange circuits. The application of those characteristics for a particular
- DCE is specified in the Recommendation for the procedural characteristics
-
- of the interface.
-
- .LP
-
- 1.2
-
- The range of interchange circuits defined in this
-
- Recommendation is applicable to the range of services which could be offered
- on a public data network, e.g.,\ circuit switching services (synchronous
- and
-
- start/stop), telex service, packet switching services, message registration
- and retransmission service and facsimile service.
-
- .LP
-
- \fB2\fR
-
- \fBLine of demarcation\fR
-
- .LP
-
-
-
-
-
- The interface between DTE and DCE is located at a connector which is the
- interchange point between these two classes of equipment shown in
-
- Figure\ 1/X.24.
-
- .LP
-
- .LP
-
- \fBFigure 1/X.24, p.\fR
-
- 2.1
-
- The connector will not necessarily be physically attached to
-
- the DCE and may be mounted in a fixed position near the DTE. The female part
-
- of the connector belongs to the DCE.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.2
-
- An interconnecting cable will normally be provided together
-
- with the DTE. The cable length is limited by electrical parameters specified
-
- in the appropriate Recommendations for the electrical characteristics of the
-
- interchange circuits.
-
- .LP
-
- \fB3\fR
-
- \fBDefinition of\fR
-
-
-
- \fBinterchange circuits\fR
-
- .LP
-
- A list of the data network series interchange circuits is presented in
- tabular form in Table\ 1/X.24.
-
- .LP
-
- .LP
-
- \fBTable 1/X.24 [T1.24], p.\fR
-
- 3.1
-
- \fICircuit\ G\ \(em\ Signal ground or common return\fR
-
- .LP
-
- This conductor establishes the signal common reference potential
-
- for unbalanced double\(hycurrent interchange circuits with electrical
-
- characteristics according to Recommendation\ V.28. In the case of
-
- interchange circuits according to Recommendations\ V.10 and\ V.11, it
-
- interconnects the zero volt reference points of a generator and a receiver
- to reduce environmental signal interference, if required.
-
- .LP
-
- Within the DCE, this conductor shall be brought to one point,
-
- protective ground or earth, by means of a metallic strap within the equipment.
- This metallic strap can be connected or removed at installation, as may
- be
-
- required, to minimize the introduction of noise into electronic circuitry
- or to meet applicable regulations.
-
- .LP
-
- \fINote\fR
-
- \ \(em\ Where a shielded interconnecting cable is used at the
-
- interface, the shield may be connected either to circuit\ G, or to protective
-
- ground in accordance with national regulations. Protective ground may be
-
- further connected to external grounds as required by applicable electrical
-
- safety regulations.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- For unbalanced interchange circuits with electrical characteristics in
- accordance with Recommendation\ V.10, two common\(hyreturn conductors are
- required, one for each direction of signalling, each conductor being connected
- to ground only on the generator side of the interface. Where used, these
- shall be
-
- designated circuits\ Ga and\ Gb, and they are defined as follows:
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- \fICircuit\ Ga\ \(em\ DTE common return\fR
-
- .LP
-
- This conductor is connected to the DTE circuit common and is used
-
- as the reference potential for the unbalanced\ X.26 type interchange circuit
-
- receivers within the DCE.
-
- .LP
-
- \fICircuit\ Gb\ \(em\ DCE common return\fR
-
- .LP
-
- This conductor is connected to the DCE circuit common and is used
-
- as the reference potential for the unbalanced\ X.26 type interchange circuit
-
- receivers within the DTE.
-
- .LP
-
- 3.2
-
- \fICircuit\ T\ \(em\ Transmit\fR
-
- .LP
-
- \fIDirection:\fR
-
- To DCE
-
- .LP
-
- The binary signals originated by the DTE to be transmitted during the data
- transfer phase via the data circuit to one or more remote DTEs are
-
- transferred on this circuit to the DCE.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
-
-
- This circuit also transfers the call control signals originated by the
- DTE, to be transmitted to the DCE in the call establishment and other call
-
- control phases as specified by the relevant Recommendations for the procedural
- characteristic of the interface.
-
- .LP
-
- The DCE monitors this circuit for detection of electrical circuit
-
- fault conditions, according to the specifications of the electrical
-
- characteristics of the interface. A circuit fault is to be interpreted
- by the DCE as defined in the Recommendation for the procedural characteristics
- of
-
- the interface.
-
- .LP
-
- 3.3
-
- \fICircuit\ R\ \(em\ Receive\fR
-
- .LP
-
- \fIDirection:\fR
-
- \ From DCE
-
- .LP
-
- The binary signals sent by the DCE as received during the data
-
- transfer phase from a remote DTE, are transferred on this circuit to the DTE.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- This circuit also transfers the call control signals sent by the DCE as
- received during the call establishment and other call control phases as
-
- specified by the relevant Recommendations for the procedural characteristics
- of the interface.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- The DTE monitors this circuit for detection of electrical circuit
-
- fault conditions, according to the specifications of the electrical
-
- characteristics of the interface. A circuit fault is to be interpreted
- by the DTE as defined in the Recommendation for the procedural characteristics
- of
-
- the interface.
-
- .LP
-
- 3.4
-
- \fICircuit\ C\ \(em\ Control\fR
-
- .LP
-
- \fIDirection:\fR
-
- \ To DCE
-
- .LP
-
- Signals on this circuit control the DCE for a particular signalling process.
-
- .LP
-
- Representation of a control signal requires additional coding of
-
- circuit\ T\(hy\fITransmit\fR
-
- \|as specified in the relevant Recommendation for the
-
- procedural characteristics of the interface. During the data phase, this
-
- circuit shall remain ON. During the call control phases, the condition
- of this circuit shall be as specified in the relevant Recommendation for
- the procedural characteristics of the interface.
-
- .LP
-
- \fINote\fR
-
- \ \(em\ After appropriate selection of special user facilities (not yet
- defined), it might be required to change the ON condition after entering
-
- the data phase in accordance with the regulations for the use of these
-
- facilities. This subject is for further study.
-
- .LP
-
- The DCE monitors this circuit for detection of electrical circuit
-
- fault conditions, according to the specifications of the electrical
-
- characteristics of the interface. A circuit fault is to be interpreted
- by the DCE as defined in the Recommendation for the procedural characteristics
- of
-
- the interface.
-
- .LP
-
- 3.5
-
- \fICircuit\ I\ \(em\ Indication\fR
-
- .LP
-
- \fIDirection:\fR
-
- \ From DCE
-
- .LP
-
- Signals on this circuit indicate to the DTE the state of the call control
- process.
-
- .LP
-
- Representation of a control signal requires additional coding of
-
- circuit\ R\(hy\fIReceive\fR
-
- , as specified in the relevant Recommendation for the
-
- procedural characteristics of the interface. The ON condition of this circuit
- signifies that signals on circuit\ R contain information from the distant
- DTE. The OFF condition signifies a control signalling condition which is
- defined by the bit sequence on circuit\ R as specified by the procedural
- characteristics
-
- of the interface.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- The DTE monitors this circuit for detection of electrical circuit
-
- fault conditions, according to the specifications of the electrical
-
- characteristics of the interface. A circuit fault is to be interpreted
- by the DTE as defined in the Recommendation for the procedural characteristics
- of
-
- the interface.
-
- .LP
-
- \fINote\fR
-
- \ \(em\ For use with special user facilities (not yet defined) it
-
- might be required to use the OFF condition after entering the data transfer
-
- phase in accordance with the regulations for the use of these facilities.
-
- This subject is for further study.
-
- .LP
-
- 3.6
-
- \fICircuit\ S\ \(em\ \fR
-
- \fISignal element timing\fR
-
- .LP
-
- \fIDirection:\fR
-
- \ From DCE
-
- .LP
-
- Signals on this circuit provide the DTE with signal element timing information.
- The condition of this circuit shall be ON and OFF for nominally
-
- equal periods of time. However, for burst isochronous operations, longer
-
- periods of OFF condition may be permitted equal to an integer odd number of
-
- the nominal period of the ON condition as specified by the relevant procedural
- characteristics of the interface.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
-
-
- The DTE shall present a binary signal on circuit\ T\(hy\fITransmit\fR
-
- \|and a condition on circuit\ C\(hy\fIControl\fR
-
- , in which the transitions nominally occur at the time of the transitions
- from OFF to ON condition of this circuit.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- The DCE presents a binary signal on circuit\ R\(hy\fIReceive\fR
-
- \|and a
-
- condition on circuit\ I\(hy\fIIndication\fR
-
- \|in which the transitions nominally occur at the time of the transitions
- from OFF to ON condition of this circuit.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- The transition from ON to OFF condition shall nominally indicate the centre
- of each signal element on circuit\ R.
-
- .LP
-
- The DCE shall transfer signal element timing information on this
-
- circuit across the interface at all times that the timing source is capable
- of generating this information.
-
- .LP
-
- 3.7
-
- \fICircuit\ B\ \(em\ \fR
-
- \fIByte timing\fR
-
- (see Note 2)
-
- .LP
-
- \fIDirection:\fR
-
- \ From DCE
-
- .LP
-
- Signals on this circuit provide the DTE with 8\(hybit byte timing
-
- information. The condition of this circuit shall be OFF for nominally the
-
- period of the ON condition of circuit\ S\(hy\fISignal element timing\fR
-
- which indicates the last bit of an 8\(hybit byte and shall be ON at all
- other times within the
-
- period of the 8\(hybit byte.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
-
-
- During the call control phases, the call control characters and steady
- state conditions used for all information transfers between the DCE and
- the
-
- DTE, in either direction, shall be correctly aligned to the signals of
-
- circuit\ B.
-
- .LP
-
- The DTE shall present the beginning of the first bit of each call
-
- control character on circuit\ T\(hy\fITransmit\fR
-
- nominally at the time of the
-
- OFF to ON transition of circuit\ S which follows the OFF to ON transition of
-
- circuit\ B.
-
- .LP
-
- A change of condition of circuit\ C\(hy\fIControl\fR
-
- \|may occur at any
-
- OFF to ON transition of circuit\ S, but it will be sampled in the DCE at the
-
- time of the OFF to ON transition of circuit\ B, i.e., for evaluation of the
-
- following call control character on circuit\ T.
-
- .LP
-
- The centre of the last bit of each call control character will be
-
- presented by the DCE on circuit\ R\(hy\fIReceive\fR
-
- nominally at the time of the
-
- OFF to ON transition of circuit\ B.
-
- .LP
-
- A change of condition of circuit\ I\(hy\fIIndication\fR
-
- \|will occur nominally at the OFF to ON transition of circuit\ S which
- follows the OFF to ON
-
- transition of circuit\ B.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
-
-
- The DCE shall transfer byte timing information on this circuit across the
- interface at all times that the timing source is capable of generating
- this information.
-
- .LP
-
- \fINote\ 1\fR
-
- \ \(em\ During the data transfer phase, DTEs communicating by
-
- means of an 8\(hybit code may utilize the byte timing information for mutual
-
- character alignment.
-
- .LP
-
- It is a prerequisite for the provision of this feature that
-
- character alignment is preserved after the call has entered the data transfer
- phase and that the alignment obtained at one interface is synchronized
- to the alignment at the other interface. (This is only possible on some
- connections.)
-
- .LP
-
- Furthermore, where this feature is available, a change of condition
-
- on circuit\ C as defined above may result in an equivalent change in the
-
- relative alignment on circuit\ I at the distant interface.
-
- .LP
-
- \fINote\ 2\fR
-
- \ \(em\ In some Recommendations for the procedural
-
- characteristics of the interface (e.g.,\ X.21), the use and termination
- of this circuit by the DTE is not mandatory even when implemented in the
- DCE.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- 3.8
-
- \fICircuit\ F\ \(em\ Frame start identification\fR
-
- .LP
-
- \fIDirection:\fR
-
- \ From DCE
-
- .LP
-
- Signals on this circuit continuously provide the DTE with a
-
- multiplex frame start indication when connected to a multiplexed DTE/DCE
-
- interface.
-
- .LP
-
- The condition on this circuit shall be OFF for the nominal period of one
- bit, indicating the last bit of the multiplex frame. At other times the
-
- circuit shall remain\ ON.
-
- .LP
-
- The first data bit on subscriber channel 1 shall be transmitted or
-
- received beginning nominally at the OFF to ON transition of circuit\ F.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- 3.9
-
- \fICircuit\ X\ \(em\ DTE transmit signal element timing\fR
-
- (see Note)
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- \fIDirection:\fR
-
- \ To DCE
-
- .LP
-
- Signals on this circuit provide signal element timing information for the
- transmit direction in cases where circuit\ S only provides signal
-
- element timing for the receive direction. The condition of this circuit
- shall be ON and OFF for nominally equal periods of time. However, for burst
-
- isochronous operations, longer periods of OFF condition may be permitted
-
- equal to an integer odd number of the nominal period of the ON condition as
-
- specified by the relevant procedural characteristics of the interface.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- The DTE shall present a binary signal on the circuit T\(hy\fITransmit\fR
-
- \|and a condition on circuit\ C\(hy\fIControl\fR
-
- , in which the transitions nominally occur at the time of the transitions
- from OFF to ON condition of this circuit.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- The transition from ON to OFF condition shall nominally indicate the centre
- of each signal element on circuit\ T.
-
- .LP
-
- \fINote\fR
-
- \ \(em\ The use and termination of this circuit by the DCE is a
-
- national matter.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- \fBRecommendation X.25\fR
-
- .LP
-
- \fBINTERFACE\ BETWEEN\ DATA\ TERMINAL\ EQUIPMENT\ (DTE)\ AND\ DATA\fR
-
-
-
- \fBCIRCUIT\(hyTERMINATING\ EQUIPMENT\ (DCE)\ FOR\ TERMINALS\ OPERATING\fR
-
- \fBIN\ THE\ PACKET\ MODE\ AND\ CONNECTED\ TO\ PUBLIC\fR
-
- \fBDATA\ NETWORKS\ BY\ DEDICATED\ CIRCUIT\fR
-
- \fI(Geneva, 1976; amended at Geneva, 1980\fR
-
- ,
-
- \fIMalaga\(hyTorremolinos, 1984 and Melbourne, 1988)\fR
-
-
-
- The establishment in various countries of public data networks providing
- packet switched data transmission services creates a need to produce standards
- to facilitate international interworking.
-
- .LP
-
- The\ CCITT,
-
- .LP
-
- \fIconsidering\fR
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- (a)
-
- that Recommendation X.1 includes specific user classes of service for data
- terminal equipments operating in the packet mode,
-
- Recommendation\ X.2 defines user facilities, Recommendation\ X.10 defines
-
- categories of access, Recommendations\ X.21 and X.21\|\fIbis\fR
-
- define DTE/DCE
-
- physical layer interface characteristics, Recommendation\ X.92 defines the
-
- hypothetical reference connections for packet switched data transmission
-
- service and Recommendation\ X.96 defines \fIcall progress\fR
-
- signals;
-
- .LP
-
- (b)
-
- that data terminal equipments operating in the packet
-
- mode will send and receive network control information in the form of packets;
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- (c)
-
- that certain data terminal equipments operating in the packet mode will
- use a
-
- packet interleaved synchronous data circuit
-
- ;
-
- .LP
-
- (d)
-
- the desirability of being able to use a single data
-
- circuit to a Data Switching Exchange\ (DSE) for all user facilities;
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- (e)
-
- that Recommendation X.2 specifies which of the various data transmission
- services and optional user facilities described in the
-
- present Recommendation are \*Qessential\*U and have thus to be made available
-
- internationally, and which are not;
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- (f
-
- )
-
- the need for defining an international
-
- Recommendation for the exchange between DTE and DCE of control information
- for the use of packet switched data transmission services;
-
- .LP
-
- (g)
-
- that this definition is made in Recommendation X.32 with regard to the
- access through a public switched telephone network, an integrated services
- digital network (ISDN), or a circuit switched public data network;
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- (h)
-
- that Recommendation X.31 defines the support of
-
- packet\(hymode
-
- terminal equipment by an integrated services digital network (ISDN);
-
- .LP
-
- (i)
-
- that, when this Recommendation is used to support the
-
- Network Service defined in Recommendation\ X.213, the physical, data link and
-
- packet
-
- layers correspond to the Physical, Data link and Network Layers respectively,
- as defined in Recommendation\ X.200;
-
- .LP
-
- (j)
-
- that this Recommendation includes all the features
-
- necessary to support the services included in Recommendation\ X.213 as
- well as other features; that Recommendation\ X.223 defines the use of X.25
- packet layer protocol to provide the OSI connection mode Network service;
-
- .LP
-
- (k)
-
- that the necessary elements for an interface
-
- Recommendation should be defined independently as:
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- \fIPhysical layer\fR
-
- \ \(em\ the mechanical, electrical, functional and
-
- procedural characteristics to activate, maintain and deactivate
-
- the physical link between the DTE and the DCE;
-
- .LP
-
- \fIData link layer\fR
-
- \ \(em\ the link access procedure for data interchange
-
- across the link between the DTE and the DCE;
-
- .LP
-
- \fIPacket layer\fR
-
- \ \(em\ the packet format and control procedures for the
-
- exchange of packets containing control information and user
-
- data between the DTE and the DCE;
-
- .LP
-
- \fIunanimously declares\fR
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- that for public data networks accessed via dedicated circuits by data terminal
- equipments operating in the packet mode:
-
- .LP
-
- (1)
-
- the mechanical, electrical, functional and procedural
-
- characteristics to activate, maintain and deactivate the physical link
- between the DTE and the DCE should be as specified in \(sc\ 1 below, \fIDTE/DCE
- interface\fR
-
- \fIcharacteristics\fR
-
- ;
-
- .LP
-
- (2)
-
- the link access procedure for data interchange across
-
- the link between the DTE and the DCE should be as specified in \(sc\ 2 below,
-
- \fILink access procedure across the DTE/DCE interface\fR
-
- ;
-
- .LP
-
- (3)
-
- the packet layer procedures for the exchange of control information and
- user data at the DTE/DCE interface should be as specified in
-
- \(sc\ 3 below, \fIDescription of the packet layer DTE/DCE interface\fR
-
- ;
-
- .LP
-
- (4)
-
- the procedures for virtual call and permanent virtual
-
- circuit services should be as specified in \(sc\ 4 below, \fIProcedures
- for virtual\fR
-
- \fIcircuit services\fR
-
- ;
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- (5)
-
- the format for packets exchanged between the DTE and the DCE should be
- as specified in \(sc\ 5 below, \fIPacket formats\fR
-
- ;
-
- .LP
-
- (6)
-
- the procedures for optional user facilities should be as specified in \(sc\
- 6 below, \fIProcedures for optional user facilities\fR
-
- ;
-
- .LP
-
- (7)
-
- the formats for optional user facilities should be as
-
- specified in \(sc\ 7 below, \fIFormats for facility fields and registration
- fields\fR
-
- .
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- \fINote\fR
-
- \ \(em\ This Recommendation fully specifies the behaviour of the DCE. In
- addition, a minimum set of requirements is specified for the DTE.
-
- Additional guidance for the design of DTEs is available in ISO standards
-
- ISO\ 7776 (data link layer) and ISO\ 8208 (packet layer). It is not required
- by this Recommendation that these ISO standards be used. If using these
- ISO
-
- standards, note must be taken that their scope is expanded beyond that
- of just interfacing with packet switched public data networks.
-
- .LP
-
- It should also be noted that this Recommendation uses the term DTE to refer
- to the equipment to which the DCE interfaces. In ISO\ 8208, distinction
- is made between a DTE and a packet switched private data network, which
- are both considered as DTEs in this Recommendation.
-
- .LP
-
- CONTENTS
-
- 1
-
- \fIDTE/DCE interface characteristics (physical layer)\fR
-
- .LP
-
- 1.1
-
- X.21 interface
-
- .LP
-
- 1.2
-
- X.21\|\fIbis\fR
-
- interface
-
- .LP
-
- 1.3
-
- V\(hyseries interface
-
- .LP
-
- 1.4
-
- X.31 interface
-
- .LP
-
- 2
-
- \fILink access procedures across the DTE/DCE interface\fR
-
- .LP
-
- 2.1
-
- Scope and field of application
-
- .LP
-
- 2.2
-
- Frame structure
-
- .LP
-
- 2.3
-
- LAPB elements of procedures
-
- .LP
-
- 2.4
-
- Description of the LAPB procedure
-
- .LP
-
- 2.5
-
- Multilink procedure (MLP)
-
- .LP
-
- 2.6
-
- LAP elements of procedure
-
- .LP
-
- 2.7
-
- Description of the LAP procedure
-
- .LP
-
- 3
-
- \fIDescription of the packet layer DTE/DCE interface\fR
-
- .LP
-
- 3.1
-
- Logical channels
-
- .LP
-
- 3.2
-
- Basic structure of packets
-
- .LP
-
- 3.3
-
- Procedure for restart
-
- .LP
-
- 3.4
-
- Error handling
-
- .LP
-
- 4
-
- \fIProcedures for virtual circuit services\fR
-
- .LP
-
- 4.1
-
- Procedures for virtual call service
-
- .LP
-
- 4.2
-
- Procedures for permanent virtual circuit service
-
- .LP
-
- 4.3
-
- Procedures for data and interrupt transfer
-
- .LP
-
- 4.4
-
- Procedures for flow control
-
- .LP
-
- 4.5
-
- Effects of clear, reset and restart procedures
-
- on the transfer of packets
-
- .LP
-
- 4.6
-
- Effects of the physical and the data link layer on the
-
- packet layer
-
- .LP
-
- 5
-
- \fIPacket formats\fR
-
- .LP
-
- 5.1
-
- General
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- 5.2
-
- Call set\(hyup and clearing packets
-
- .LP
-
- 5.3
-
- Data and interrupt packets
-
- .LP
-
- 5.4
-
- Flow control and reset packets
-
- .LP
-
- 5.5
-
- Restart packets
-
- .LP
-
- 5.6
-
- Diagnostic packet
-
- .LP
-
- 5.7
-
- Packets required for optional user facilities
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- 6
-
- \fIProcedures for optional user facilities (packet layer)\fR
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- 6.1
-
- On\(hyline facility registration
-
- .LP
-
- 6.2
-
- Extended packet sequence numbering
-
- .LP
-
- 6.3
-
- D bit modification
-
- .LP
-
- 6.4
-
- Packet retransmission
-
- .LP
-
- 6.5
-
- Incoming calls barred
-
- .LP
-
- 6.6
-
- Outgoing calls barred
-
- .LP
-
- 6.7
-
- One\(hyway logical channel outgoing
-
- .LP
-
- 6.8
-
- One\(hyway logical channel incoming
-
- .LP
-
- 6.9
-
- Non\(hystandard default packet sizes
-
- .LP
-
- 6.10
-
- Non\(hystandard default window sizes
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- 6.11
-
- Default throughput classes assignment
-
- .LP
-
- 6.12
-
- Flow control parameter negotiation
-
- .LP
-
- 6.13
-
- Throughput class negotiation
-
- .LP
-
- 6.14
-
- Closed user group related facilities
-
- .LP
-
- 6.15
-
- Bilateral closed user group related facilities
-
- .LP
-
- 6.16
-
- Fast select
-
- .LP
-
- 6.17
-
- Fast select acceptance
-
- .LP
-
- 6.18
-
- Reverse charging
-
- .LP
-
- 6.19
-
- Reverse charging acceptance
-
- .LP
-
- 6.20
-
- Local charging prevention
-
- .LP
-
- 6.21
-
- Network user identification (NUI) related facilities
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- 6.22
-
- Charging information
-
- .LP
-
- 6.23
-
- RPOA related facilities
-
- .LP
-
- 6.24
-
- Hunt group
-
- .LP
-
- 6.25
-
- Call redirection and call deflection related facilities
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- 6.26
-
- Called line address modified notification
-
- .LP
-
- 6.27
-
- Transit delay selection and indication
-
- .LP
-
- 6.28
-
- TOA/NEI address subscription
-
- .LP
-
- 7
-
- \fIFormats for facility fields and registration fields\fR
-
- .LP
-
- 7.1
-
- General
-
- .LP
-
- 7.2
-
- Coding of facility field in call set\(hyup
-
- and clearing packets
-
- .LP
-
- 7.3
-
- Coding of the registration field of
-
- registration packets
-
- .LP
-
- \fIAnnex\ A\fR
-
- \(em
-
- Range of logical channels used for virtual calls
-
- and permanent virtual circuits
-
- .LP
-
- \fIAnnex\ B\fR
-
- \(em
-
- Packet layer DTE/DCE interface state diagrams
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- \fIAnnex\ C\fR
-
- \(em
-
- Actions taken by the DCE on receipt of packets
-
- in a given state of the packet layer DTE/DCE interface as
-
- perceived by the DCE
-
- .LP
-
- \fIAnnex\ D\fR
-
- \(em
-
- Packet layer DCE time\(hyouts and DTE time\(hylimits
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- \fIAnnex\ E\fR
-
- \(em
-
- Coding of X.25 network generated
-
- diagnostic fields in clear, reset and restart indication,
-
- registration confirmation, and diagnostic packets
-
- .LP
-
- \fIAnnex\ F\fR
-
- \(em
-
- Applicability of the on\(hyline registration facility
-
- to other facilities
-
- .LP
-
- \fIAnnex\ G\fR
-
- \(em
-
- CCITT\(hyspecified DTE facilities to support the
-
- OSI Network service
-
- .LP
-
- \fIAnnex\ H\fR
-
- \(em
-
- Subscription\(hytime optional user facilities that may be
-
- associated with a network user identifier in conjunction with the NUI
-
- override facility
-
- .LP
-
- \fIAppendix\ I\fR
-
- \(em
-
- Examples of data link layer transmitted bit patterns by the DCE and the DTE
-
- .LP
-
- \fIAppendix\ II\fR
-
- \(em
-
- An explanation of how the values for N1 in \(sc 2.4.8.5 are derived
-
- .LP
-
- \fIAppendix\ III\fR
-
- \(em
-
- Examples of multilink resetting procedures
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- \fIAppendix\ IV\fR
-
- \(em
-
- Information on addresses in call set\(hyup and clearing
-
- packets
-
- .LP
-
- \fB1\fR
-
- \fBDTE/DCE interface characteristics\fR
-
- \fB(physical layer)\fR
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- Administrations may offer one or more of the interfaces specified below.
- The exact use of the relevant points in these Recommendations is
-
- detailed below.
-
- .LP
-
- 1.1
-
- \fIX.21 interface\fR
-
- .LP
-
- 1.1.1
-
- \fIDTE/DCE physical interface elements\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The DTE/DCE physical interface elements shall be according to
-
- \(sc\(sc\ 2.1 through\ 2.5 of Recommendation\ X.21.
-
- .LP
-
- 1.1.2
-
- \fIProcedures for entering operational phases\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The procedures for entering operational phases shall be as
-
- described in \(sc\ 5.2 of Recommendation\ X.21. The data exchanged on circuits\
- T
-
- and\ R when the interface is in states\ 13S, 13R and\ 13 of Figure A\(hy3/X.21
- will be as described in subsequent sections of this Recommendation.
-
- .LP
-
- The \fInot ready\fR
-
- \| states given in \(sc\ 2.5 of Recommendation X.21 are
-
- considered to be \fInon\(hyoperational\fR
-
- states and may be considered by the higher layers to be \fIout of order\fR
-
- states (see \(sc\ 4.6 below).
-
- .LP
-
- 1.1.3
-
- \fIFailure detection and test loops\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The failure detection principles shall be according to \(sc\ 2.6 of
-
- Recommendation\ X.21. In addition, i\ =\ OFF may be signalled due to momentary
-
- transmission failures. Higher layers may delay for several seconds before
-
- considering the interface to be out of order.
-
- .LP
-
- The definitions of test loops and the principles of maintenance
-
- testing using the test loops are provided in Recommendation\ X.150.
-
- .LP
-
- A description of the test loops and the procedures for their use is
-
- given in \(sc\ 7 of Recommendation\ X.21.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- Automatic activation by a DTE of a test loop\ 2 in the DCE at the
-
- remote terminal is not possible. However, some Administrations may permit
- the DTE to control the equivalent of a test loop\ 2, at the local DSE,
- to verify the operation of the leased line or subscriber line and/or all
- or part of the DCE or line terminating equipment. Control of the loop,
- if provided, may be either manual or automatic, as described in Recommendations\
- X.150 and\ X.21
-
- respectively.
-
- .LP
-
- 1.1.4
-
- \fISignal element timing\fR
-
- .LP
-
- Signal element timing shall be in accordance with \(sc\ 2.6.3 of
-
- Recommendation\ X.21.
-
- .LP
-
- 1.2
-
- \fIX.21\|bis interface\fR
-
- .LP
-
- 1.2.1
-
- \fIDTE/DCE physical interface elements\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The DTE/DCE physical interface elements shall be according to \(sc\ 1.2
- of Recommendation\ X.21\|\fIbis\fR
-
- .
-
- .LP
-
- 1.2.2
-
- \fIOperational phases\fR
-
- .LP
-
- When circuit 107 is in the ON condition, and circuits\ 105, 106, 108 and
- 109, if provided, are in the ON condition, data exchange on circuits\ 103
-
- and\ 104 will be as described in subsequent sections of this
-
- Recommendation.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- When circuit 107 is in the OFF condition, or any of circuits 105, 106,
- 108 or\ 109, if provided, are in the OFF condition, this is considered
- to be in a \fInon\(hyoperational\fR
-
- state, and may be considered by the higher layers to be in an \fIout of
- order\fR
-
- state (see \(sc\ 4.6 below).
-
- .LP
-
- 1.2.3
-
- \fIFailure detection and test loops\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The failure detection principles, the description of test loops and the
- procedures for their use shall be according to \(sc\(sc\ 3.1 through\ 3.3
- of
-
- Recommendation\ X.21\|\fIbis\fR
-
- . In addition, circuits\ 106 and\ 109 may enter the OFF condition due to
- momentary transmission failures. Higher layers may delay for several seconds
- before considering the interface to be out of order.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- Automatic activation by a DTE of test loop 2 in the DCE at the remote terminal
- is not possible. However, some Administrations may permit the DTE to control
- the equivalent of a test loop\ 2, at the local DSE, to verify the
-
- operation of the leased line or subscriber line and/or all or part of the
- DCE or line terminating equipment. Control of the loop, if provided, may
- be either manual or automatic, as described in Recommendations\ X.150 and\
- X.21\|\fIbis\fR
-
-
-
- respectively.
-
- .LP
-
- 1.2.4
-
- \fISignal element timing\fR
-
- .LP
-
- Signal element timing shall be in accordance with \(sc\ 3.4 of
-
- Recommendation\ X.21\|\fIbis\fR
-
- .
-
- .LP
-
- 1.3
-
- \fIV\(hySeries interface\fR
-
- .LP
-
- General operation with V\(hySeries modems is as described in \(sc\ 1.2
-
- above. However, for specific details, particularly related to failure detection
- principles, loop testing, and the use of circuits\ 107, 109, 113 and\ 114,
- refer to the appropriate V\(hySeries Recommendations.
-
- .LP
-
- The delay between 105\(hyON and 106\(hyON (when these
-
- circuits are present) will be more than 10\ ms and less than 1\ s. In addition,
- circuits\ 106 or\ 109 may enter the OFF condition due to momentary transmission
- failures or modem retraining. Higher layers may delay for several seconds
-
- before considering the interface to be out of order.
-
- .LP
-
- 1.4
-
- \fIX.31 interface\fR
-
- .LP
-
- 1.4.1
-
- \fIDTE/DCE physical interface\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The DTE/DCE physical interface shall coincide with the R reference point
- between the DTE and the Terminal Adaptor (TA). The purpose of the TA is
-
- to allow the operation of a DTE over an ISDN. The functionalities of such
- a TA when accessing a packet switched data transmission service through
- a
-
- semi\(hypermanent ISDN connection (i.e.,\ a non switched B\(hychannel)
- are described in \(sc\ 7 of Recommendation\ X.31.
-
- .LP
-
- \fINote\ 1\fR
-
- \ \(em\ This type of access is considered a dedicated access to a public
- switched data transmission service. Non dedicated access to a public
-
- switched data transmission service is defined in Recommendations\ X.32
-
- and\ X.31.
-
- .LP
-
- \fINote\ 2\fR
-
- \ \(em\ The DTE and the TA functionalities may be implemented in
-
- the same piece of equipment in the case of a packet mode terminal TE1
-
- conforming to the I\(hyseries Recommendations. In this case, this
-
- Recommendation covers layer\ 2 and layer\ 3 operation on the semi\(hypermanent
-
- B\(hychannel.
-
- .LP
-
- 1.4.2
-
- \fIOperational phases\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The operational phases are as described in \(sc 7 of
-
- Recommendation\ X.31.
-
- .LP
-
- 1.4.3
-
- \fIMaintenance\fR
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- The maintenance shall be made as described in \(sc 7.6 of
-
- Recommendation\ X.31.
-
- .LP
-
- 1.4.4
-
- \fISynchronization\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The synchronization shall be made as described in \(sc 7 of
-
- Recommendation\ X.31.
-
- .LP
-
- \fB2\fR
-
- \fBLink access procedures across the DTE/DCE interface\fR
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- 2.1
-
- \fIScope and field of applications\fR
-
- .LP
-
- 2.1.1
-
- The
-
- Link Access Procedures
-
- (LAPB and LAP) are
-
- described as the
-
- Data Link Layer Element
-
- and are used for data
-
- interchange
-
- between a DCE and a DTE over a single physical circuit (LAPB and LAP), or
-
- optionally over multiple physical circuits (LAPB), operating in user classes
- of service\ 8 to\ 11 as indicated in Recommendation\ X.1. The optional,
-
- subscription\(hytime selectable, multiple physical circuit operation with LAPB
-
- (known as multilink operation) is required if the effects of circuit failures
- are not to disrupt the Packet Layer operation.
-
- .LP
-
- The single link procedures (SLPs) described in \(sc\(sc\ 2.2, 2.3
-
- and\ 2.4 (LAPB) and in \(sc\(sc\ 2.2, 2.6 and 2.7 (LAP) are used for data
- interchange over a single physical circuit, conforming to the description
- given in \(sc\ 1,
-
- between a DTE and a DCE. When the optional multilink operation is employed
- with LAPB, a single link procedure (SLP) is used independently on each
- physical
-
- circuit, and the multilink procedure (MLP) described in \(sc\ 2.5 is used for
-
- data interchange over these multiple parallel LAPB data links. In addition,
-
- when only a single physical circuit is employed with LAPB, agreements may be
-
- made with the Administration to use this optional
-
- multilink procedure
-
- over the one LAPB data link.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.1.2
-
- The
-
- single link procedures (SLPs)
-
- use the principles
-
- and terminology of the High\(hylevel Data Link Control (HDLC) procedures
-
- specified by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). The
-
- multilink pro
-
- cedure\ (MLP) is based on the principles and terminology of the Multilink
- Control Procedures specified by ISO.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.1.3
-
- Each transmission facility is duplex.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.1.4
-
- DCE compatibility of operation with the ISO balanced classes
-
- of procedure (Class BA with options\ 2, 8 and Class\ BA with options\ 2,
- 8, 10) is achieved using the LAPB procedure described in \(sc\(sc\ 2.3
- and\ 2.4. Of these
-
- classes, Class\ BA with options\ 2, 8 (LAPB modulo\ 8) is the basic service,
- and is available in all networks. Class\ BA with options\ 2, 8, 10 (LAPB
- modulo\ 128) is recognized as an optional, subscription\(hytime selectable,
- extended sequence numbering service that may be available in those networks
- wishing to serve DTE applications having a need for modulo\ 128 sequence
- numbering.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- DTE manufacturers and implementors must be aware that the
-
- procedure hereunder described as LAPB modulo\ 8 will be the only one available
- in all networks.
-
- .LP
-
- Likewise, a DTE may continue to use the LAP procedure described in
-
- \(sc\(sc\ 2.2, 2.6 and\ 2.7 (in those networks supporting such a procedure),
- but for
-
- new
-
- DTE implementations, LAPB should be preferred. The LAP procedures are defined
- for modulo\ 8 basic service only.
-
- .LP
-
- \fINote\fR
-
- \ \(em\ Other possible applications for further study are, for
-
- example:
-
- .LP
-
- \(em
-
- two\(hyway alternate, asynchronous response mode;
-
- .LP
-
- \(em
-
- two\(hyway simultaneous, normal response mode;
-
- .LP
-
- \(em
-
- two\(hyway alternate, normal response mode.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- 2.1.5
-
- For those networks that choose to support both the basic and
-
- extended LAPB sequence numbering services, the choice of either basic mode
-
- (modulo\ 8) or extended mode (modulo\ 128) may be made at subscription
- time. The choice of the mode employed for each data link procedure is independent
- of all others and of the choice of mode for the corresponding Packet Layer
- procedures. All choices are matters for agreement for a period of time
- with the
-
- Administration.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.1.6
-
- In the case of those networks that support both the LAPB procedure and
- the LAP procedure, the DCE will maintain an internal mode variable\ B,
- which it will set as follows:
-
- .LP
-
- \(em
-
- to 1, upon acceptance of an SABM/SABME (modulo 8/modulo\ 128)
-
- command from the DTE, or upon issuance of an SABM/SABME command
-
- by the DCE;
-
- .LP
-
- \(em
-
- to 0, upon acceptance of an SARM command from the DTE.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- Whenever B is 1, the DCE will use the LAPB procedure described in \(sc\(sc\
- 2.2, 2.3 and 2.4 below, and is said to be in the LAPB (balanced) mode.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- Whenever B is 0, the DCE will use the LAP procedure described in
-
- \(sc\(sc\ 2.2, 2.6 and 2.7 below, and is said to be in the LAP mode.
-
- .LP
-
- Changes to the mode variable B by the DTE should occur only when the data
- link has been disconnected as described in \(sc\(sc\ 2.4.4.3 or\ 2.7.3.3
- below.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- Should a DCE malfunction occur that negates the current setting of
-
- internal mode variable\ B, the DCE will, upon restoration of operation,
- not send either a SARM or SABM/SABME command. The DCE may send a DISC command
- or a
-
- DM\ response to notify the DTE that the DCE is in the disconnected phase.
- This will result in the DTE attempting to reinitialize the data link with
- what the DTE
-
- considers to be the proper mode\(hysetting command (SARM or SABM/SABME).
- The DCE will then be able to set the internal mode variable\ B to its proper
-
- value.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.2
-
- \fIFrame structure\fR
-
- .LP
-
- 2.2.1
-
- All transmissions on an SLP are in frames conforming to one of the formats
- of Table\ 1/X.25 for basic (modulo\ 8) operation, or alternatively one
- of the formats of Table\ 2/X.25 for extended (modulo\ 128) operation. The
- flag
-
- preceding the address field is defined as the opening flag. The flag following
- the FCS field is defined as the closing flag.
-
- .LP
-
- .LP
-
- \fBTable 1/X.25 [T1.25], p.\fR
-
- .LP
-
- \fBTable 2/X.25 [T2.25], p.\fR
-
- 2.2.2
-
- \fIFlag sequence\fR
-
- .LP
-
- All frames shall start and end with the flag sequence consisting of one
- 0\ bit followed by six contiguous 1\ bits and one 0\ bit. The DTE and DCE
-
- shall only send complete eight\(hybit flag sequences when sending multiple flag
-
- sequences (see \(sc\ 2.2.11). A single flag may be used as both the
-
- closing
-
- flag
-
- for one frame and the
-
- opening flag
-
- for the next frame.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.2.3
-
- \fIAddress field\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The address field shall consist of one octet. The address field
-
- identifies the intended receiver of a command frame and the transmitter of a
-
- response frame. The coding of the address field is described in \(sc\ 2.4.2
- (LAPB) and in \(sc\ 2.7.1 (LAP) below.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.2.4
-
- \fIControl field\fR
-
- .LP
-
- For modulo\ 8 (basic) operation, the control field shall consist of one
- octet. For modulo\ 128 (extended) operation, the control field shall consist
- of two octets for frame formats that contain sequence numbers, and one
- octet
-
- for frame formats that do not contain sequence numbers. The content of this
-
- field is described in \(sc\ 2.3.2\ (LAPB) and in \(sc\ 2.6.2 (LAP) below.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.2.5
-
- \fIInformation field\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The information field of a frame, when present, follows the control field
- (see \(sc\ 2.2.4 above) and precedes the
-
- frame check sequence field
-
- (see \(sc\ 2.2.7 below).
-
- .LP
-
- See \(sc\(sc 2.3.4.9, 2.5.2, 2.6.4.8 and 5 for the various codings and
-
- groupings of bits in the information field as used in this Recommendation.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- See \(sc\(sc 2.3.4.9, 2.4.8.5, 2.6.4.8 and 2.7.7.5 below with regard to
- the maximum information field length.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.2.6
-
- \fITransparency\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The DCE or DTE, when transmitting, shall examine the frame content between
- the two flag sequences including the address, control, information and
- FCS fields and shall insert a 0 bit after all sequences of 5 contiguous
- 1\ bits (including the last 5\ bits of the FCS) to ensure that a flag sequence
- is not
-
- simulated. The DCE or DTE, when receiving, shall examine the frame content
- and shall discard any 0\ bit which directly follows\ 5 contiguous 1\ bits.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.2.7
-
- \fIFrame check sequence (FCS)\fR
-
- \fI field\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The notation used to describe the FCS is based on the property of cyclic
- codes that a code vector such as 1000000100001 can be represented by a
- polynomial \fIP\fR
-
- (\fIx\fR
-
- )\ =\ \fIx\fR
-
- \u1\d\u2\d\ +\ \fIx\fR
-
- \u5\d\ +\ 1. The elements of an \fIn\fR
-
- \(hyelement
-
- code word are thus the coefficients of a polynomial of order \fIn\fR
-
- \ \(em\ 1. In this application, these coefficients can have the value\
- 0 or\ 1 and the polynomial
-
- operations are performed modulo\ 2. The polynomial representing the content
- of a frame is generated using the first bit received after the frame opening
- flag as the coefficient of the highest order term.
-
- .LP
-
- The FCS field shall be a 16\(hybit sequence. It shall be the ones
-
- complement of the sum (modulo\ 2) of:
-
- .LP
-
- 1)
-
- the remainder of
-
- \fIx\fR
-
- \uD\dlFk\fR
-
- (\fIx\fR
-
- \u1\d\u5\d\uD\dlF036+\ \fIx\fR
-
- \u1\d\u4\d\ +\ \fIx\fR
-
- \u1\d\u3\d\ +
-
- \fIx\fR
-
- \u1\d\u2\d\ +\ \fIx\fR
-
- \u1\d\u1\d\ +\ \fIx\fR
-
- \u1\d\u0\d\ +\ \fIx\fR
-
- \u9\d\ +\ \fIx\fR
-
- \u8\d\ +
-
- \fIx\fR
-
- \u7\d\ +\ \fIx\fR
-
- \u6\d\ +\ \fIx\fR
-
- \u5\d\ +\ \fIx\fR
-
- \u4\d\uD\dlF036+\ \fIx\fR
-
- \u3\d\ +
-
- +\ \fIx\fR
-
- \u2\d\ +\ \fIx\fR
-
- \ +\ 1) divided (modulo\ 2)
-
- by the
-
- generator polynomial \fIx\fR
-
- \u1\d\u6\d\ +\ \fIx\fR
-
- \u1\d\u2\d\ +\ \fIx\fR
-
- \u5\d\ +\ 1,
-
- where \fIk\fR
-
- is the number of bits in the frame existing between,
-
- but not including, the final bit of the opening flag and the
-
- first bit of the FCS, excluding bits inserted for transparency,
-
- and
-
- .LP
-
- 2)
-
- the remainder of the division (modulo 2) by the generator
-
- polynomial \fIx\fR
-
- \u1\d\u6\d\ +\ \fIx\fR
-
- \u1\d\u2\d\ +\ \fIx\fR
-
- \u5\d\ +\ 1 of the
-
- product of \fIx\fR
-
- \u1\d\u6\d by the content of the frame, existing
-
- between but not including, the final bit of the opening flag and
-
- the first bit of the FCS, excluding bits inserted for
-
- transparency.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- As a typical implementation, at the transmitter, the initial
-
- content of the register of the device computing the remainder of the division
- is preset to all 1s and is then modified by division by the generator
-
- polynomial (as described above) on the address, control and information
- fields; the ones complement of the resulting remainder is transmitted as
- the 16\(hybit
-
- FCS.
-
- .LP
-
- At the receiver, the initial content of the register of the device
-
- computing the remainder is preset to all 1s. The final remainder, after
-
- multiplication by \fIx\fR
-
- \u1\d\u6\d and then division (modulo\ 2) by the generator
-
- polynomial \fIx\fR
-
- \u1\d\u6\d\ +\ \fIx\fR
-
- \u1\d\u2\d\ +\ \fIx\fR
-
- \u5\d\ +\ 1 of the serial incoming protected bits and the FCS, will be
- 0001110100001111 (\fIx\fR
-
- \u1\d\u5\d through
-
- \fIx\fR
-
- \u0\d, respectively) in the absence of transmission errors.
-
- .LP
-
- \fINote\fR
-
- \ \(em\ Examples of transmitted bit patterns by the DCE and the DTE illustrating
- application of the transparency mechanism and the frame check
-
- sequence to the SABM command and the UA response are given in Appendix\ I.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.2.8
-
- \fIOrder of bit transmission\fR
-
- .LP
-
- Addresses, commands, responses and sequence numbers shall be
-
- transmitted with the low\(hyorder bit first (for example, the first bit of the
-
- sequence number that is transmitted shall have the weight 2\u0\d). The
- order of transmitting bits within the information field is not specified
- under \(sc\ 2 of
-
- this Recommendation. The FCS shall be transmitted to the line commencing
- with the coefficient of the highest term, which is found in bit position\
- 16 of the FCS\ field (see Tables\ 1/X.25 and 2/X.25).
-
- .LP
-
- \fINote\fR
-
- \ \(em\ In Tables 1/X.25 to 13/X.25, bit 1 is defined as the
-
- low\(hyorder bit.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.2.9
-
- \fIInvalid frames\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The definition of an invalid frame is described in \(sc\ 2.3.5.3 (LAPB)
- and in \(sc\ 2.6.5.3 (LAP) below.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.2.10
-
- \fIFrame abortion\fR
-
- .LP
-
- Aborting a frame is performed by transmitting at least seven
-
- contiguous 1\ bits (with no inserted 0\ bits).
-
- .LP
-
- 2.2.11
-
- \fIInterframe time fill\fR
-
- .LP
-
- Interframe time fill is accomplished by transmitting contiguous
-
- flags between frames, i.e.\ multiple eight\(hybit flag sequences (see
-
- \(sc\ 2.2.2).
-
- .LP
-
- 2.2.12
-
- \fILink channel states\fR
-
- .LP
-
- A link channel as defined here is the means for transmission for
-
- one direction.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.2.12.1
-
- \fIActive channel state\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The DCE incoming or outgoing channel is defined to be in an active condition
- when it is receiving or transmitting, respectively, a frame, an
-
- abortion sequence or interframe time fill.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.2.12.2
-
- \fIIdle channel state\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The DCE incoming or outgoing channel is defined to be in an idle
-
- condition when it is receiving or transmitting, respectively, a continuous\
- 1s state for a period of at least 15\ bit times.
-
- .LP
-
- See \(sc\ 2.3.5.5 for a description of DCE action when an idle condition
- exists on its incoming channel for an excessive period of time.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- 2.3
-
- \fILAPB elements of procedures\fR
-
- .LP
-
- 2.3.1
-
- The LAPB elements of procedures are defined in terms of actions
-
- that occur on receipt of frames at the DCE or\ DTE.
-
- .LP
-
- The elements of procedures specified below contain the selection
-
- of commands and responses relevant to the LAPB data link and system
-
- configurations
-
- described in \(sc\ 2.1 above. Together, \(sc\(sc\ 2.2 and 2.3 form the general
-
- requirements for the proper management of a LAPB access data link.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- 2.3.2
-
- \fILAPB control field formats and parameters\fR
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- 2.3.2.1
-
- \fIControl field formats\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The control field contains a command or a response, and sequence
-
- numbers where applicable.
-
- .LP
-
- Three types of control field formats are used to perform numbered
-
- information transfer (I\ format), numbered supervisory functions (S\ format)
- and unnumbered control functions (U\ format).
-
- .LP
-
- The control field formats for basic (modulo\ 8) operation are depicted
- in Table\ 3/X.25.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- The control field formats for extended (modulo 128) operation are
-
- depicted in Table\ 4/X.25.
-
- .LP
-
- .LP
-
- \fBTable 3/X.25 [T3.25], p.\fR
-
- .LP
-
- \fBTable 4/X.25 [T4/X.25], p.\fR
-
- 2.3.2.1.1
-
- \fIInformation transfer format\fR
-
- \fI \(em I\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The I format is used to perform an information transfer. The
-
- functions of N(S), N(R) and P are independent; i.e.,\ each I\ frame has
- an N(S), an N(R) which may or may not acknowledge additional I\ frames
- received by the
-
- DCE or DTE, and a P\ bit that may be set to\ 0 or\ 1.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.3.2.1.2
-
- \fISupervisory format\fR
-
- \fI \(em S\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The S format is used to perform data link supervisory control
-
- functions such as acknowledge I\ frames, request retransmission of I\ frames,
- and to request a temporary suspension of transmission of I\ frames. The
- functions of N(R) and P/F are independent; i.e.,\ each supervisory frame
- has an N(R) which
-
- may or may not acknowledge additional I\ frames received by the DCE or\
- DTE, and a P/F\ bit that may be set to\ 0 or\ 1.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.3.2.1.3
-
- \fIUnnumbered format\fR
-
- \fI \(em U\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The U format is used to provide additional data link control
-
- functions. This format contains no sequence numbers, but does include a
- P/F\ bit that may be set to\ 0 or\ 1. The unnumbered frames have the same
- control field
-
- length (one octet) in both basic (modulo\ 8) operation and extended (modulo\
- 128) operation.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.3.2.2
-
- \fIControl field parameters\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The various parameters associated with the control field formats
-
- are described below.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.3.2.2.1
-
- \fIModulus\fR
-
- .LP
-
- Each I frame is sequentially numbered and may have the value\ 0
-
- through modulus minus\ 1 (where \*Qmodulus\*U is the modulus of the sequence
-
- numbers). The modulus equals either\ 8 or\ 128 and the sequence numbers cycle
-
- through the entire range.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.3.2.2.2
-
- \fISend state variable\fR
-
- \fI V(S)\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The send state variable V(S) denotes the sequence number of the
-
- next in\(hysequence I\ frame to be transmitted. V(S) can take on the values\ 0
-
- through modulus minus\ 1. The value of V(S) is incremented by\ 1 with each
-
- successive I\ frame transmission, but cannot exceed the N(R) of the last
-
- received\ I or supervisory frame by more than the maximum number of outstanding
- I\ frames\ (\fIk\fR
-
- ). The value of\ k is defined in \(sc\ 2.4.8.6 below.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- 2.3.2.2.3
-
- \fISend sequence number\fR
-
- \fI N(S)\fR
-
- .LP
-
- Only I frames contain N(S), the send sequence number of transmitted I\
- frames. At the time that an in\(hysequence I\ frame is designated for
-
- transmission, the value of N(S) is set equal to the value of the send state
-
- variable\ V(S).
-
- .LP
-
- 2.3.2.2.4
-
- \fIReceive state variable\fR
-
- \fIV(R)\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The receive state variable V(R) denotes the sequence number of the next
- in\(hysequence I\ frame expected to be received. V(R) can take on the values
- 0 through modulus minus\ 1. The value of V(R) is incremented by\ 1 by the
- receipt of an error\(hyfree, in\(hysequence I\ frame whose send sequence
- number N(S) equals
-
- the receive state variable V(R).
-
- .LP
-
- 2.3.2.2.5
-
- \fIReceive sequence number\fR
-
- \fI N(R)\fR
-
- .LP
-
- All I frames and supervisory frames contain N(R), the expected send sequence
- number of the next received I\ frame. At the time that a frame of the above
- types is designated for transmission, the value of N(R) is set equal to
- the current value of the receive state variable V(R). N(R) indicates that
- the DCE or DTE transmitting the N(R) has received correctly all I\ frames
- numbered up to and including N(R)\ \(em\ 1.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.3.2.2.6
-
- \fIPoll/Final bit\fR
-
- \fI P/F\fR
-
- .LP
-
- All frames contain P/F, the Poll/Final bit. In command frames, the P/F
- bit is referred to as the P bit. In response frames, it is referred to
- as the F\ bit.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.3.3
-
- \fIFunctions of the Poll/Final bit\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The Poll bit set to 1 is used by the DCE or DTE to solicit (poll) a response
- from the DTE or DCE, respectively. The Final bit set to\ 1 is used by the
- DCE or DTE to indicate the response frame transmitted by the DTE or DCE,
-
- respectively, as a result of the soliciting (poll) command.
-
- .LP
-
- The use of the P/F bit is described in \(sc\ 2.4.3 below.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.3.4
-
- \fICommands and responses\fR
-
- .LP
-
- For basic (modulo 8) operation, the commands and responses
-
- represented in Table\ 5/X.25 will be supported by the DCE and the\ DTE.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- For extended (modulo 128) operation, the commands and responses
-
- represented in Table\ 6/X.25 will be supported by the DCE and the DTE.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- For purposes of the LAPB procedures, the supervisory function bit encoding
- \*Q11\*U and those encodings of the modifier function bits in
-
- Tables\ 3/X.25 and 4/X.25 not identified in Tables\ 5/X.25 or 6/X.25 are
-
- identified as \*Qundefined or not implemented\*U command and response control
-
- fields.
-
- .LP
-
- The commands and responses in Tables 5/X.25 and 6/X.25 are defined as follows:
-
- .LP
-
- 2.3.4.1
-
- \fIInformation (I)\fR
-
- \fI command\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The function of the information (I) command is to transfer across a data
- link a sequentially numbered frame containing an information field.
-
- .LP
-
- .LP
-
- \fBTable 5/X.25 [T5.25], p.\fR
-
- .LP
-
- \fBTable 6/X.25 [T6.25], p.\fR
-
- 2.3.4.2
-
- \fIReceive ready (RR)\fR
-
- \fI command and response\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The receive ready (RR) supervisory frame is used by the DCE
-
- or DTE to:
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- 1)
-
- indicate it is ready to receive an I frame; and
-
- .LP
-
- 2)
-
- acknowledge previously received I frames numbered up to and
-
- including N(R)\ \(em\ 1.
-
- .LP
-
- An RR frame may be used to indicate the clearance of a busy
-
- condition that was reported by the earlier transmission of an RNR frame
- by that same station (DCE or\ DTE). In addition to indicating the DCE or
- DTE status, the RR command with the P\ bit set to\ 1 may be used by the
- DCE or DTE to ask for the status of the DTE or DCE, respectively.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.3.4.3
-
- \fIReceive not ready (RNR) command and response\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The receive not ready (RNR) supervisory frame is used by the DCE or DTE
- to indicate a busy condition; i.e.\ temporary inability to accept
-
- additional incoming I\ frames. I\ frames numbered up to and including N(R)\
- \(em\ 1
-
- are acknowledged. I\ frame N(R) and any subsequent I\ frames received, if any,
-
- are not acknowledged; the acceptance status of these I\ frames will be
- indicated in subsequent exchanges.
-
- .LP
-
- In addition to indicating the DCE or DTE status, the RNR command with the
- P bit set to\ 1 may be used by an DCE or DTE to ask for the status of the
-
- DTE or DCE, respectively.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.3.4.4
-
- \fIReject (REJ) command and response\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The reject (REJ) supervisory frame is used by the DCE or DTE to request
- transmission of I\ frames starting with the frame numbered N(R).
-
- I\ frames numbered N(R)\ \(em\ 1 and below are acknowledged. Additional
- I\ frames
-
- pending initial transmission may be transmitted following the retransmitted
-
- I\ frame(s).
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- Only one REJ exception condition for a given direction of information transfer
- may be established at any time. The REJ exception condition is cleared
- (reset) upon the receipt of an I\ frame with an N(S) equal to the N(R)
- of the
-
- REJ\ frame.
-
- .LP
-
- An REJ frame may be used to indicate the clearance of a busy condition
- that was reported by the earlier transmission of an RNR frame by that same
-
- station (DCE or\ DTE). In addition to indicating the DCE or DTE status, the
-
- REJ\ command with the P bit set to\ 1 may be used by the DCE or\ DTE to ask for
-
- the status of the DTE or\ DCE, respectively.
-
- .LP
-
- \fR
-
- 2.3.4.5
-
- \fISet asynchronous balanced mode (SABM)\fR
-
- \fIcommand/\fR
-
- \fISet asynchronous balanced mode extended (SABME)\fR
-
-
-
- \fIcommand (subscription time option)\fR
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- The SABM unnumbered command is used to place the addressed DCE or DTE in
- an asynchronous balanced mode (ABM) information transfer phase where all
- command/response control fields will be one\ octet in length.
-
- .LP
-
- The SABME unnumbered command is used to place the addressed DCE or DTE
- in an asynchronous balanced mode\ (ABM) information transfer phase where
-
- numbered command/response control fields will be two octets in length, and
-
- unnumbered command/response control fields will be one octet in length.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- No information field is permitted with the SABM or SABME command. The transmission
- of a SABM/SABME command indicates the clearance of a busy
-
- condition that was reported by the earlier trans
-
- mission\ of an RNR\ frame by that
-
- same station (DCE or\ DTE). The DCE or DTE confirms acceptance of SABM/SABME
-
- [modulo\ 8 (basic) operation/modulo\ 128 (extended) operation] command by the
-
- transmission, at the first opportunity, of a UA\ response. Upon acceptance of
-
- this command, the DCE or DTE send state variable\ V(S) and receive state
-
- variable V(R) are set to\ 0.
-
- .LP
-
- Previously transmitted I\ frames that are unacknowledged when this
-
- command is actioned remain unac
-
- knowledged.\ It is the responsibility of a
-
- higher layer (e.g.\ Packet Layer or MLP) to recover from the possible loss of
-
- the contents (e.g.\ packets) of such I\ frames.
-
- .LP
-
- \fINote\fR
-
- \ \(em\ The mode of operation of a data link [basic (modulo 8) or
-
- extended (modulo\ 128)] is determined at subscription time and is only
- changed by going through a new subscription process.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.3.4.6
-
- \fIDisconnect (DISC)\fR
-
- \fI command\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The DISC unnumbered command is used to terminate the mode
-
- previously set. It is used to inform the DCE or DTE receiving the DISC
- command that the DTE or DCE sending the DISC command is suspending operation.
- No
-
- information field is permitted with the DISC command. Prior to actioning the
-
- DISC command, the DCE or DTE receiving the DISC command confirms the acceptance
- of the DISC command by the transmission of a UA response. The DTE or DCE
-
- sending the DISC command enters the disconnected phase when it receives the
-
- acknowledging UA response.
-
- .LP
-
- Previously transmitted I frames that are unacknowledged when this
-
- command is actioned remain unacknowledged. It is the responsibility of
- a higher layer (e.g.\ Packet Layer or MLP) to recover from the possible
- loss of the
-
- contents (e.g.,\ packets) of such I frames.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.3.4.7
-
- \fIUnnumbered acknowledgement (UA)\fR
-
- \fI response\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The UA unnumbered response is used by the DCE or DTE to acknowledge the
- receipt and acceptance of the mode\(hysetting commands. Received mode\(hysetting
- commands are not actioned until the UA response is transmitted. The
-
- transmission of a UA response indicates the clearance of a busy condition
- that was reported by the earlier transmission of an RNR frame by that same
- station (DCE or DTE). No information field is permitted with the UA response.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- 2.3.4.8
-
- \fIDisconnected mode (DM)\fR
-
- \fI response\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The DM unnumbered response is used to report a status where the DCE or
- DTE is logically disconnected from the data link, and is in the disconnected
- phase. The DM response may be sent to indicate that the DCE or DTE has
- entered the disconnected phase without benefit of having received a DISC
- command, or, if sent in response to the reception of a mode setting command,
- is sent to
-
- inform the DTE or DCE that the DCE or DTE, respectively, is still in the
-
- disconnected phase and cannot execute the set mode command. No information
-
- field is permitted with the DM response.
-
- .LP
-
- A DCE or DTE in a disconnected phase will monitor received commands
-
- and will react to an SABM/SABME command as outlined in \(sc\ 2.4.4 below,
- and will respond with a DM response with the F bit set to\ 1 to any other
- command
-
- received with the P\ bit set to\ 1.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.3.4.9
-
- \fIFrame reject (FRMR)\fR
-
- \fI response\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The FRMR unnumbered response is used by the DCE or DTE to report an error
- condition not recoverable by retransmission of the identical frame;
-
- i.e.\ at least one of the following conditions, which results from the
- receipt of a valid frame:
-
- .LP
-
- 1)
-
- the receipt of a command or response control field that is
-
- undefined or not implemented;
-
- .LP
-
- 2)
-
- the receipt of an I frame with an information field which
-
- exceeds the maximum established length;
-
- .LP
-
- 3)
-
- the receipt of an invalid N(R); or
-
- .LP
-
- 4)
-
- the receipt of a frame with an information field which is
-
- not permitted or the receipt of a supervisory or unnumbered
-
- frame with incorrect length.
-
- .LP
-
- An undefined or not implemented control field is any of the
-
- control field encodings that are not identified in Tables\ 5/X.25 or\ 6/X.25.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- A valid N(R) must be within the range from the lowest send sequence
-
- number N(S) of the still unacknowledged frame(s) to the current DCE send
- state variable inclusive (or to the current internal variable \fIx\fR
-
- if the DCE is in
-
- the timer recovery condition as described in \(sc\ 2.4.5.9).
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- An information field which immediately follows the control field, and consists
- of\ 3 or 5\ octets [modulo\ 8 (basic) operation or modulo\ 128 (extended)
- operation, respectively], is returned with this response and provides the
-
- reason for the FRMR response. These formats are given in Tables\ 7/X.25
-
- and\ 8/X.25.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.3.5
-
- \fIException condition reporting and recovery\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The error recovery procedures which are available to effect
-
- recovery following the detection/occurrence of an
-
- exception condition
-
- at the Data Link Layer are described below. Exception conditions described
- are those situations which may occur as the result of transmission errors,
- DCE or DTE malfunction, or operational situations.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.3.5.1
-
- \fIBusy condition\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The busy condition results when the DCE or DTE is temporarily
-
- unable to continue to receive I frames due to internal constraints,
-
- e.g.\ receive buffering limitations. In this case an RNR frame is transmitted
-
- from the busy DCE or DTE. I\ frames pending transmission may be transmitted
- from the busy DCE or DTE prior to or following the RNR\ frame.
-
- .LP
-
- An indication that the busy condition has cleared is communicated by the
- transmission of a UA (only in response to a SABM/SABME command), RR, REJ
- or SABM/SABME (modulo\ 8/modulo\ 128) frame.
-
- .LP
-
- .LP
-
- \fBTable 7/X.25 [T7.25], p.\fR
-
- .LP
-
- \fBTable 8/X.25 [T8.25], p.\fR
-
- 2.3.5.2
-
- \fIN(S) sequence error condition\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The information field of all I frames received whose N(S) does not equal
- the receive state variable V(R) will be discarded.
-
- .LP
-
- An N(S) sequence error exception condition occurs in the receiver when
- an I\ frame received contains an N(S) which is not equal to the receive
- state
-
- variable V(R) at the receiver. The receiver does not acknowledge (increment
- its receive state variable) the I\ frame causing the sequence error, or
- any I\ frame which may follow, until an I\ frame with the correct N(S)
- is received.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- A DCE or DTE which receives one or more valid I frames having sequence
- errors or subsequent supervisory frames (RR, RNR and REJ) shall accept
- the
-
- control information contained in the N(R) field and the P or F bit to perform
- data link control functions; e.g.\ to receive acknowledgement of previously
-
- transmitted I\ frames and to cause the DCE or DTE to respond (P bit set to 1).
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- The means specified in \(sc\(sc\ 2.3.5.2.1 and 2.3.5.2.2 shall be available
- for initiating the retransmission of lost or errored I\ frames following
- the
-
- occurrence of an N(S) sequence error condition.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.3.5.2.1
-
- \fIREJ recovery\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The REJ frame is used by a receiving DCE or DTE to initiate a
-
- recovery (retransmission) following the detection of an N(S) sequence error.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- With respect to each direction of transmission on the data link, only one
- \*Qsent REJ\*U exception condition from a DCE or DTE, to a DTE or DCE,
- is
-
- established at a time. A \*Qsent REJ\*U exception condition is cleared when the
-
- requested I\ frame is received.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- A DCE or DTE receiving a REJ frame initiates sequential
-
- (re\(hy)transmission of I\ frames starting with the I\ frame indicated
- by the N(R) contained in the REJ frame. The retransmitted frames may contain
- an N(R) and a P bit that are updated from, and therefore different from,
- the ones contained in the originally transmitted I\ frames.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.3.5.2.2
-
- \fITime\(hyout recovery\fR
-
- .LP
-
- If a DCE or DTE, due to a transmission error, does not receive (or receives
- and discards) a single I\ frame or the last I\ frame(s) in a sequence of
- I\ frames, it will not detect an N(S) sequence error condition and, therefore,
- will not transmit a REJ frame. The DTE or DCE which transmitted the
-
- unacknowledged I\ frame(s) shall, following the completion of a system
- specified time\(hyout period (see \(sc\(sc\ 2.4.5.1 and 2.4.5.9 below),
- take appropriate recovery action to determine at which I\ frame retransmission
- must begin. The
-
- retransmitted frame(s) may contain an N(R) and a P bit that is updated from,
-
- and therefore different from, the ones contained in the originally transmitted
- frame(s).
-
- .LP
-
- 2.3.5.3
-
- \fIInvalid frame\fR
-
- \fI condition\fR
-
- .LP
-
- Any frame which is invalid will be discarded, and no action is
-
- taken as the result of that frame. An invalid frame is defined as one
-
- which:
-
- .LP
-
- a)
-
- is not properly bounded by two flags;
-
- .LP
-
- b)
-
- in basic (modulo 8) operation, contains fewer than 32 bits
-
- between flags; in extended (modulo\ 128) operation, contains
-
- fewer than 40\ bits between flags of frames that contain sequence
-
- numbers or 32\ bits between flags of frames that do not contain
-
- sequence numbers;
-
- .LP
-
- c)
-
- contains a Frame Check Sequence (FCS) error; or
-
- .LP
-
- d)
-
- contains an address other than A or B (for single link
-
- operation) or other than C or D (for multilink operation).
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- For those networks that are octet aligned, a detection of
-
- non\(hyoctet alignment may be made at the Data Link Layer by adding a frame
-
- validity check that requires the number of bits between the opening flag and
-
- the closing flag, excluding bits inserted for transparency, to be an integral
- number of octets in length, or the frame is considered invalid.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.3.5.4
-
- \fIFrame rejection\fR
-
- \fI condition\fR
-
- .LP
-
- A frame rejection condition is established upon the receipt of an error\(hyfree
- frame with one of the conditions listed in \(sc\ 2.3.4.9 above.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- At the DCE or DTE, this frame rejection exception condition is
-
- reported by an FRMR response for appropriate DTE or DCE action, respectively.
- Once a DCE has established such an exception condition, no additional I\
- frames are accepted until the condition is reset by the DTE, except for
- examination of the P bit. The FRMR response may be repeated at each opportunity,
- as specified in \(sc\ 2.4.7.3, until recovery is effected by the DTE, or
- until the DCE initiates its own recovery in case the DTE does not respond.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.3.5.5
-
- \fIExcessive idle channel state condition on incoming\fR
-
-
-
- \fIchannel\fR
-
- .LP
-
- Upon detection of an idle channel state condition (see \(sc\ 2.2.12.2 above)
- on the incoming channel, the DCE shall wait for a period\ T3 (see
-
- \(sc\ 2.4.8.3 below) without taking any specific action, waiting for detection
- of a return to the active channel state (i.e.,\ detection of at least one
- flag
-
- sequence). After the period\ T3, the DCE shall notify the higher layer
- (e.g.\ the Packet Layer or the MLP) of the excessive idle channel state
- condition, but
-
- shall not take any action that would preclude the DTE from establishing the
-
- data link by normal data link set\(hyup procedures.
-
- .LP
-
- \fINote\fR
-
- \ \(em\ Other actions to be taken by the DCE at the Data Link Layer upon
- expiration of period\ T3 is a subject for further study.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- 2.4
-
- \fIDescription of the \fR
-
- \fILAPB procedure\fR
-
- .LP
-
- 2.4.1
-
- \fILAPB basic and extended modes of operation\fR
-
- .LP
-
- In accordance with the system choice made by the DTE at
-
- subscription time, the DCE will either support modulo\ 8 (basic) operation or
-
- will support modulo\ 128 (extended) operation. Changing from basic operation
- to extended operation, or vice versa, in the DCE requires resubscription
- by the
-
- DTE for the desired service, and is not supported dynamically.
-
- .LP
-
- Table 5/X.25 indicates the command and response control field formats used
- with the basic (modulo\ 8) service. The mode\(hysetting command employed
- to
-
- initialize (set up) or reset the basic mode is the SABM command. Table
- 6/X.25 indicates the command and response control field formats used with
- the extended (modulo\ 128) service. The mode\(hysetting command employed
- to initialize (set up) or reset the extended mode is the SABME command.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.4.2
-
- \fILAPB procedure for addressing\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The address field identifies a frame as either a command or a
-
- response. A command frame contains the address of the DCE or DTE to which
- the command is being sent. A response frame contains the address of the
- DCE or DTE sending the frame.
-
- .LP
-
- In order to allow differentiation between single link operation and
-
- the optional multilink operation for diagnostic and/or maintenance reasons,
-
- different address pair encodings are assigned to data links operating with
-
- multilink procedure compared to data links operating with the single link
-
- procedure.
-
- .LP
-
- Frames containing commands transferred from the DCE to the DTE will
-
- contain the address\ A for the single link operation and address\ C for the
-
- multilink operation.
-
- .LP
-
- Frames containing responses transferred from the DCE to the DTE will contain
- the address\ B for the single link operation and address\ D for the
-
- multilink operation.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- Frames containing commands transferred from the DTE to the DCE shall contain
- the address\ B for the single link operation and address\ D for the
-
- multilink operation.
-
- .LP
-
- Frames containing responses transferred from the DTE to the DCE shall contain
- the address\ A for the single link operation and address\ C for the
-
- multilink operation.
-
- .LP
-
- These addresses are coded as follows:
-
- .LP
-
- Address
-
- 1\ 2\ 3\ 4\ 5\ 6\ 7\ 8
-
- .LP
-
- Single link operation
-
- \ \ A
-
- 1\ 1\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0
-
- .LP
-
- \ \ B
-
- 1\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0
-
- .LP
-
- Multilink operation
-
- \ \ C
-
- 1\ 1\ 1\ 1\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0
-
- .LP
-
- \ \ D
-
- 1\ 1\ 1\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0
-
- .LP
-
- \fINote\fR
-
- \ \(em\ The DCE will discard all frames received with an address other
- than\ A or\ B (single link operation), or\ C or\ D (multilink operation).
-
- .LP
-
- 2.4.3
-
- \fILAPB procedure for the use of the P/F bit\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The DCE or DTE receiving an SABM/SABME, DISC, supervisory command or I\
- frame with the P\ bit set to\ 1 will set the F\ bit to\ 1 in the next response
- frame it transmits.
-
- .LP
-
- The response frame returned by the DCE to an SABM/SABME or DISC
-
- command with the P\ bit set to\ 1 will be a UA or DM response with the
- F\ bit set to\ 1. The response frame returned by the DCE to an I\ frame
- with the P\ bit set to\ 1, received during the information transfer phase,
- will be an RR, REJ, RNR or FRMR response with the F\ bit set to\ 1. The
- response frame returned by the
-
- DCE to a supervisory command with the P\ bit set to\ 1, received during the
-
- information transfer phase, will be an RR, REJ, RNR or FRMR response with
- the F\ bit set to\ 1. The response frame returned by the DCE to an I\ frame
- or
-
- supervisory frame with the P\ bit set to\ 1, received during the disconnected
-
- phase, will be a DM response with the F\ bit set to\ 1.
-
- .LP
-
- The P bit may be used by the DCE in conjunction with the timer
-
- recovery condition (see \(sc\ 2.4.5.9 below).
-
- .LP
-
- \fINote\fR
-
- \ \(em\ Other use of the P bit by the DCE is a subject for further
-
- study.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.4.4
-
- \fILAPB procedure for data link set\(hyup and disconnection\fR
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- 2.4.4.1
-
- \fIData link set\(hyup\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The DCE will indicate that it is able to set up the data link by
-
- transmitting contiguous flags (active channel state).
-
- .LP
-
- Either the DTE or the DCE may initiate data link set\(hyup. Prior to
-
- initiation of data link set\(hyup, either the DCE or the DTE may initiate data
-
- link
-
- disconnection (see \(sc\ 2.4.4.3) for the purpose of insuring that the
- DCE and the DTE are in the same phase. The DCE may also transmit an unsolicited
- DM response to request the DTE to initiate data link set\(hyup.
-
- .LP
-
- The DTE shall initiate data link set\(hyup by transmitting an SABM/SABME
- command to the DCE. If, upon receipt of the SABM/SABME command correctly,
- the DCE determines that it can enter the information transfer phase, it
- will return a UA response to the DTE, will reset its send and receive state
- variables V(S) and V(R) to zero, and will consider that the data link is
- set up. If, upon
-
- receipt
-
- of the SABM/SABME command correctly, the DCE determines that it cannot enter
-
- the information transfer phase, it will return a DM response to the DTE as a
-
- denial to the data link set\(hyup initialization and will consider that the
-
- data link is
-
- \fInot\fR
-
- set up. In order to avoid misinterpretation of the DM response received,
- it is suggested that the DTE always sends its SABM/SABME command with the
- P\ bit set to\ 1. Otherwise, it is not possible to differentiate a DM response
- intended as a denial to data link set\(hyup from a DM response that is
- issued in a separate unsolicited sense as a request for a mode\(hysetting
- command (as described
-
- in\ \(sc\ 2.4.4.4.2).
-
- .LP
-
- The DCE will initiate data link set\(hyup by transmitting an SABM/SABME
- command to the DTE and starting its Timer\ T1 in order to determine when
- too
-
- much time has elapsed waiting for a reply (see \(sc\ 2.4.8.1 below). Upon
- reception of a UA response from the DTE, the DCE will reset its send and
- receive state
-
- variables\ V(S) and\ V(R) to zero, will stop its Timer\ T1, and will consider
- that the data link is set up. Upon reception of a DM response from the
- DTE as a
-
- denial
-
- to the data link set\(hyup initialization, the DCE will stop its Timer\
- T1 and will consider that the data link is \fInot\fR
-
- set up.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- The DCE, having sent the SABM/SABME command, will ignore and discard any
- frames except an SABM/SABME or DISC command, or a UA or DM response
-
- received from the DTE. The receipt of an SABM/SABME or DISC command from the
-
- DTE will result in a collision situation that is resolved per \(sc\ 2.4.4.5
- below. Frames other than the UA and DM responses sent in response to a
- received
-
- SABM/SABME or DISC command will be sent only after the data link is set
- up and if no outstanding SABM/SABME command exists.
-
- .LP
-
- After the DCE sends the SABM/SABME command, if a UA or DM response is not
- received correctly, Timer\ T1 will run out in the DCE. The DCE will then
-
- resend the SABM/SABME command and will restart Timer\ T1. After transmission
- of the SABM/SABME command N2 times by the DCE, appropriate higher layer
- recovery action will be initiated. The value of N2 is defined in \(sc\
- 2.4.8.4 below.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.4.4.2
-
- \fIInformation transfer phase\fR
-
- .LP
-
- After having transmitted the UA response to the SABM/SABME command or having
- received the UA response to a transmitted SABM/SABME command, the DCE will
- accept and transmit I and supervisory frames according to the procedures
- described in \(sc\ 2.4.5 below.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- When receiving the SABM/SABME command while in the information
-
- transfer phase, the DCE will conform to the data link resetting procedure
-
- described in \(sc\ 2.4.7 below.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.4.4.3
-
- \fIData link disconnection\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The DTE shall initiate a disconnect of the data link by
-
- transmitting a DISC command to the DCE. On correctly receiving a DISC command
- in the information transfer phase, the DCE will send a UA response and
- enter
-
- the disconnected phase. On correctly receiving a DISC command in the
-
- disconnected phase, the DCE will send a DM response and remain in the
-
- disconnected phase. In order to avoid misinterpretation of the DM response
-
- received, it is suggested that the DTE always sends its DISC command with
- the P\ bit set to\ 1. Otherwise, it is not possible to differentiate a
- DM response
-
- intended as an indication that the DCE is already in the disconnected phase
-
- from a DM response that is issued in a separate unsolicited sense as a
- request for a mode\(hysetting command (as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.4.2).
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- The DCE will initiate a disconnect of the data link by transmitting a DISC
- command to the DTE and starting its Timer\ T1 (see \(sc\ 2.4.8.1 below).
- Upon reception of an UA response from the DTE, the DCE will stop its Timer\
- T1 and
-
- will enter the disconnected phase. Upon reception of a DM response from
- the DTE as an indication that the DTE was already in the disconnected phase,
- the DCE
-
- will stop its Timer\ T1 and will enter the disconnected phase.
-
- .LP
-
- The DCE, having sent the DISC command, will ignore and discard any
-
- frames except an SABM/SABME or DISC command, or a UA or DM response received
-
- from the DTE. The receipt of an SABM/SABME or DISC command from the DTE will
-
- result in a collision situation that is resolved per \(sc\ 2.4.4.5 below.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- After the DCE sends the DISC command, if a UA or DM response is not
-
- received correctly, Timer\ T1 will run out in the DCE. The DCE will then
- resend the DISC command and will restart Timer\ T1. After transmission
- of the DISC
-
- command N2 times by the DCE, appropriate higher layer recovery action will
- be initiated. The value of N2 is defined in \(sc\ 2.4.8.4 below.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.4.4.4
-
- \fIDisconnected phase\fR
-
- .LP
-
- 2.4.4.4.1
-
- After having received a DISC command from the DTE and
-
- returned a UA response to the DTE, or having received the UA response to a
-
- transmitted DISC command, the DCE will enter the disconnected phase.
-
- .LP
-
- In the disconnected phase, the DCE may initiate data link set\(hyup. In
- the disconnected phase, the DCE will react to the receipt of an SABM/SABME
- command as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1 above and will transmit a DM response
- in
-
- answer to a received DISC command. When receiving any other command (defined,
- or undefined or not implemented) with the P\ bit set to\ 1, the DCE will
- transmit a DM response with the F\ bit set to\ 1. Other frames received
- in the
-
- disconnected phase will be ignored by the DCE.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.4.4.4.2
-
- When the DCE enters the disconnected phase after
-
- detecting error conditions as listed in \(sc\ 2.4.6 below, or after an internal
-
- malfunction, it may indicate this by sending a DM response rather than
- a DISC command. In these cases, the DCE will transmit a DM response and
- start its
-
- Timer\ T1 (see \(sc\ 2.4.8.1 below).
-
- .LP
-
- If Timer T1 runs out before the reception of an SABM/SABME or DISC command
- from the DTE, the DCE will retransmit the DM response and restart
-
- Timer\ T1. After transmission of the DM response N2 times, the DCE will
- remain in the disconnected phase and appropriate recovery actions will
- be initiated. The value of N2 is defined in \(sc\ 2.4.8.4 below.
-
- .LP
-
- Alternatively, after an internal malfunction, the DCE may either
-
- initiate a data link resetting procedure (see \(sc\ 2.4.7 below) or disconnect
- the data link (see \(sc\ 2.4.4.3 above) prior to initiating a data link
- set\(hyup
-
- procedure (see \(sc\ 2.4.4.1 above).
-
- .LP
-
- 2.4.4.5
-
- \fICollision of unnumbered commands\fR
-
- .LP
-
- Collision situations shall be resolved in the following way:
-
- .LP
-
- 2.4.4.5.1
-
- If the sent and received unnumbered commands are the
-
- same, the DCE and the DTE shall each send the UA response at the earliest
-
- possible opportunity. The DCE shall enter the indicated phase either,
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- 1)
-
- after receiving the UA response,
-
- .LP
-
- 2)
-
- after sending the UA response, or
-
- .LP
-
- 3)
-
- after timing out waiting for the UA response having sent a
-
- UA response.
-
- .LP
-
- In the case of 2) above, the DCE will accept a subsequent UA
-
- response to the mode\(hysetting command it issued without causing an exception
-
- condition if received within the time\(hyout interval.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- 2.4.4.5.2
-
- If the sent and received unnumbered commands are
-
- different, the DCE and the DTE shall each enter the disconnected phase and
-
- issue a DM response at the earliest possible opportunity.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.4.4.6
-
- \fICollision of DM response with SABM/SABME or DISC\fR
-
-
-
- \fIcommand\fR
-
- .LP
-
- When a DM response is issued by the DCE or DTE as an unsolicited
-
- response to request the DTE or DCE, respectively, to issue a mode\(hysetting
-
- command as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.4, a collision between an SABM/SABME
- or DISC
-
- command and the unsolicited DM response may occur. In order to avoid
-
- misinterpretation of the DM response received, the DTE always sends its
-
- SABM/SABME or DISC command with the P\ bit set to\ 1.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.4.4.7
-
- \fICollision of DM responses\fR
-
- .LP
-
- A contention situation may occur when both the DCE and the DTE
-
- issue a DM response to request a mode\(hysetting command. In this case, the DTE
-
- will issue an SABM/SABME command to resolve the contention situation.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- 2.4.5
-
- \fILAPB procedures for information transfer\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The procedures which apply to the transmission of I\ frames in each direction
- during the information transfer phase are described below.
-
- .LP
-
- In the following, \*Qnumber one higher\*U is in reference to a
-
- continuously repeated sequence series, i.e., 7 is 1\ higher than 6 and 0 is
-
- 1\ higher than 7 for modulo\ 8 series, and 127 is 1\ higher than 126 and 0 is
-
- 1\ higher than 127 for modulo\ 128 series.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.4.5.1
-
- \fISending I frames\fR
-
- .LP
-
- When the DCE has an I frame to transmit (i.e. an I frame not
-
- already transmitted, or having to be retransmitted as described in \(sc\
- 2.4.5.6
-
- below), it will transmit it with an N(S) equal to its current send state
-
- variable V(S), and an N(R) equal to its current receive state variable
- V(R). At the end of the transmission of the I\ frame, the DCE will increment
- its send
-
- state variable V(S) by\ 1.
-
- .LP
-
- If Timer T1 is not running at the time of transmission of an I frame, it
- will be started.
-
- .LP
-
- If the send state variable V(S) is equal to the last value of N(R)
-
- received plus \fIk\fR
-
- (where \fIk\fR
-
- is the maximum number of outstanding I\ frames \(em
-
- see \(sc\ 2.4.8.6 below), the DCE will not transmit any new I\ frames, but may
-
- retransmit an I\ frame as described in \(sc\(sc\ 2.4.5.6 or 2.4.5.9 below.
-
- .LP
-
- When the DCE is in the busy condition, it may still transmit I frames,
- provided that the DTE is not busy. When the DCE is in the frame rejection
-
- condition, it will stop transmitting I\ frames.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.4.5.2
-
- \fIReceiving an I frame\fR
-
- .LP
-
- 2.4.5.2.1
-
- When the DCE is not in a busy condition and receives a valid I\ frame whose
- send sequence number N(S) is equal to the DCE receive state
-
- variable V(R), the DCE will accept the information field of this frame,
-
- increment by one its receive state variable V(R), and act as follows:
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- a)
-
- If the DCE is still not in a busy condition:
-
- .LP
-
- i)
-
- If an I frame is available for transmission by the
-
- DCE, it may act as in \(sc\ 2.4.5.1 above and acknowledge
-
- the received I frame by setting N(R) in the control field
-
- of the next transmitted I\ frame to the value of the DCE
-
- receive state variable V(R). Alternatively, the DCE may
-
- acknowledge the received I\ frame by transmitting an RR
-
- frame with the N(R) equal to the value of the DCE receive
-
- state variable V(R).
-
- .LP
-
- ii)
-
- If no I frame is available for transmission by the
-
- DCE, it will transmit an RR frame with N(R) equal to the
-
- value of the DCE receive state variable V(R).
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- b)
-
- If the DCE is now in a busy condition, it will transmit an
-
- RNR frame with N(R) equal to the value of the DCE receive
-
- state variable V(R) (see \(sc\ 2.4.5.8).
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- 2.4.5.2.2
-
- When the DCE is in a busy condition, it may ignore the
-
- information field contained in any received I\ frame.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.4.5.3
-
- \fIReception of invalid frames\fR
-
- .LP
-
- When the DCE receives an invalid frame (see \(sc\ 2.3.5.3), this frame
- will be discarded.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.4.5.4
-
- \fIReception of out\(hyof\(hysequence I frames\fR
-
- .LP
-
- When the DCE receives a valid I frame whose send sequence number
-
- N(S) is incorrect, i.e.,\ not equal to the current DCE receive state variable
-
- V(R), it will discard the information field of the I\ frame and transmit
- an REJ frame with the N(R) set to one higher than the N(S) of the last
- correctly
-
- received I\ frame. The REJ frame will be a command frame with the P\ bit
- set to\ 1 if an acknowledged transfer of the retransmission request is
- required;
-
- otherwise the REJ frame may be either a command or a response frame. The DCE
-
- will then discard the information field of all I\ frames received until the
-
- expected I\ frame is correctly received. When receiving the expected I\ frame,
-
- the DCE will then acknowledge the I\ frame as described in \(sc\ 2.4.5.2
- above. The DCE will use the N(R) and P\ bit information in the discarded
- I\ frames as
-
- described in \(sc\ 2.3.5.2 above.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.4.5.5
-
- \fIReceiving acknowledgement\fR
-
- .LP
-
- When correctly receiving an I frame or a supervisory frame (RR, RNR or
- REJ), even in the busy condition, the DCE will consider the N(R) contained
- in this frame as an acknowledgement for all I\ frames it has transmitted
- with an N(S) up to and including the received N(R)\(em1. The DCE will stop
- Timer\ T1 when it correctly receives an I\ frame or a supervisory frame
- with the N(R) higher
-
- than the last received N(R) (actually acknowledging some I\ frames), or
- an REJ frame with an N(R) equal to the last received N(R).
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- If Timer T1 has been stopped by the receipt on an I, RR or RNR frame, and
- if there are outstanding I\ frames still unacknowledged, the DCE will
-
- restart Timer\ T1. If Timer\ T1 then runs out, the DCE will follow the
- recovery procedure (\(sc\ 2.4.5.9 below) with respect to the unacknowledged
- I\ frames. If
-
- Timer\ T1 has been stopped by the receipt of an REJ frame, the DCE will
- follow the retransmission procedures in \(sc\ 2.4.5.6 below.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.4.5.6
-
- \fIReceiving an REJ frame\fR
-
- .LP
-
- When receiving an REJ frame, the DCE will set its send state
-
- variable V(S) to the N(R) received in the REJ control field. It will transmit
- the corresponding I\ frame as soon as it is available or retransmit it
- in
-
- accordance with the procedures described in \(sc\ 2.4.5.1 above. (Re)transmission
- will conform to the following procedure:
-
- .LP
-
- i)
-
- if the DCE is transmitting a supervisory command or response
-
- when it receives the REJ frame, it will complete that
-
- transmission before commencing transmission of the requested
-
- I\ frame;
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- ii)
-
- if the DCE is transmitting an unnumbered command or
-
- response when it receives the REJ frame, it will ignore the
-
- request for retransmission;
-
- .LP
-
- iii)
-
- if the DCE is transmitting an I frame when the REJ frame
-
- is received, it may abort the I\ frame and commence transmission
-
- of the requested I\ frame immediately after abortion;
-
- .LP
-
- iv)
-
- if the DCE is not transmitting any frame when the REJ frame
-
- is received, it will commence transmission of the requested
-
- I\ frame immediately.
-
- .LP
-
- In all cases, if other unacknowledged I frames had already been
-
- transmitted following the one indicated in the REJ frame, then those I
- frames will be retransmitted by the DCE following the retransmission of
- the requested I\ frame. Other I\ frames not yet transmitted may be transmitted
- following the
-
- retransmitted I\ frames.
-
- .LP
-
- If the REJ frame was received from the DTE as a command with the P bit
- set to\ 1, the DCE will transmit an RR, RNR or REJ response with the F
- bit set to\ 1 before transmitting or retransmitting the corresponding I\
- frame.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.4.5.7
-
- \fIReceiving an RNR frame\fR
-
- .LP
-
- After receiving an RNR frame whose N(R) acknowledges all frames
-
- previously transmitted, the DCE will stop Timer\ T1 and may then transmit
-
- an I\ frame, with the P\ bit set to\ 0, whose send sequence number is
-
- equal to the N(R) indicated in the RNR frame, restarting Timer\ T1 as it
- does. After receiving an RNR frame whose N(R) indicates a previously transmitted
-
- frame, the DCE will not transmit or retransmit any I\ frame, Timer\ T1 being
-
- already running. In either case, if the Timer\ T1 runs out before receipt
- of a busy clearance indication, the DCE will follow the procedure described
- in
-
- \(sc\ 2.4.5.9\ below. In any case, the DCE will not transmit any other
- I\ frames
-
- before receiving an RR or REJ frame, or before the completion of a link
-
- resetting procedure.
-
- .LP
-
- Alternatively, after receiving an RNR frame, the DCE may wait for a
-
- period of time (e.g.,\ the length of the Timer\ T1) and then transmit a
-
- supervisory command frame (RR, RNR or REJ) with the P\ bit set to\ 1, and
- start Timer\ T1, in order to determine if there is any change in the receive
- status of the DTE. The DTE shall respond to the P\ bit set to\ 1 with a
- supervisory
-
- response frame (RR, RNR or REJ) with the F\ bit set to\ 1 indicating either
-
- continuance of the busy condition (RNR) or clearance of the busy condition
- (RR or REJ). Upon receipt of the DTE response, Timer\ T1 is stopped.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- 1)
-
- If the response is the RR or REJ response, the busy
-
- condition is cleared and the DCE may transmit I\ frames beginning
-
- with the I\ frame identified by the N(R) in the received response
-
- frame.
-
- .LP
-
- 2)
-
- If the response is the RNR response, the busy condition
-
- still exists, and the DCE will after a period of time (e.g.\ the
-
- length of Timer\ T1) repeat the enquiry of the DTE receive
-
- status.
-
- .LP
-
- If Timer T1 runs out before a status response is received, the
-
- enquiry process above is repeated. If N2 attempts to get a status response
- fail (i.e.\ Timer\ T1 runs out N2\ times), the DCE will initiate a data
- link resetting procedure as described in \(sc\ 2.4.7.2\ below or will transmit
- a DM response to ask the DTE to initiate a data link set\(hyup procedure
- as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1 and enter the disconnected phase. The value
- of N2 is defined in \(sc\ 2.4.8.4\ below.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- If, at any time during the enquiry process, an unsolicited RR or REJ frame
- is received from the DTE, it will be considered to be an indication of
-
- clearance of the busy condition. Should the unsolicited RR or REJ frame be a
-
- command frame with the P bit set to\ 1, the appropriate response frame
- with the F\ bit set to 1 must be transmitted before the DCE may resume
- transmission of
-
- I\ frames. If Timer\ T1 is running, the DCE will wait for the non\(hybusy
- response with the F bit set to\ 1 or will wait for Timer\ T1 to run out
- and then either
-
- may reinitiate the enquiry process in order to realize a successful P/F bit
-
- exchange or may resume transmission of I frames beginning with the I\ frame
-
- identified by the N(R) in the received RR or REJ frame.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.4.5.8
-
- \fIDCE busy condition\fR
-
- .LP
-
- When the DCE enters a busy condition, it will transmit an RNR frame at
- the earliest opportunity. The RNR frame will be a command frame with the
- P bit set to\ 1 if an acknowledged transfer of the busy condition indication
- is
-
- required; otherwise the RNR frame may be either a command or a response
- frame. While in the busy condition, the DCE will accept and process supervisory
-
- frames, will accept and process the contents of the N(R) fields of I\ frames,
-
- and will return an RNR response with the F bit set to\ 1 if it receives a
-
- supervisory command or I command frame with the P bit set to\ 1. To clear the
-
- busy condition, the DCE will transmit either an REJ frame or an RR frame, with
-
- N(R) set to the current receive state variable V(R), depending on whether or
-
- not it discarded information fields of correctly received I\ frames. The REJ
-
- frame or the RR frame will be a command frame with the P bit set to\ 1 if an
-
- acknowledged transfer of the busy\(hyto\(hynon\(hybusy transition is required,
- otherwise the REJ frame or the RR frame may be either a command or a response
- frame.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- 2.4.5.9
-
- \fIWaiting acknowledgement\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The DCE maintains an internal transmission attempt variable which is set
- to\ 0 when the DCE sends a UA response, when the DCE receives a UA
-
- response or an RNR command or response, or when the DCE correctly receives
- an I\ frame or supervisory frame with the N(R) higher than the last received
- N(R) (actually acknowledging some outstanding I\ frames).
-
- .LP
-
- If Timer T1 runs out waiting for the acknowledgement from the DTE for an
- I\ frame transmitted, the DCE will enter the timer recovery condition,
- add
-
- one to its transmission attempt variable and set an internal variable \fIx\fR
-
- to
-
- the current value of its send state variable V(S). The DCE will then restart
-
- Timer T1, set its send state variable V(S) to the last value of N(R) received
- from the DTE and retransmit the corresponding I\ frame with the P bit set
- to\ 1, or transmit an appropriate supervisory command frame (RR, RNR or
- REJ) with the P\ bit set to\ 1.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- The timer recovery condition is cleared when the DCE receives a valid supervisory
- frame with the F\ bit\ set to\ 1.
-
- .LP
-
- If, while in the timer recovery condition, the DCE correctly receives a
- supervisory frame with the F bit set to\ 1 and with the N(R) within the
- range from its current send state variable V(S) to \fIx\fR
-
- included, it will clear the
-
- timer recovery condition (including stopping Timer\ T1) and set its send
- state variable V(S) to the value of the received N(R), and may then resume
- with
-
- I\ frame transmission or retransmission, as appropriate.
-
- .LP
-
- If, while in the timer recovery condition, the DCE correctly receives an
- I or supervisory frame with the P/F bit set to\ 0 and with a valid N(R)
- (see \(sc\ 2.3.4.9), it will not clear the timer recovery condition. The
- value of the
-
- received N(R) may be used to update the send state variable V(S). However,
- the DCE may decide to keep the last transmitted I\ frame in store (even
- if it is
-
- acknowledged) in order to be able to retransmit it with the P bit set to\
- 1 when Timer\ T1 runs out at a later time.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- If the received supervisory frame with the P/F bit set to\ 0 is an REJ
- frame with a valid N(R), the DCE may either immediately initiate
-
- (re)transmission from the value of the send state variable V(S), or it may
-
- ignore the request for retransmission and wait until the supervisory frame
- with the F bit set to\ 1 is received before initiating (re)transmission
- of frames
-
- from the value identified in the N(R) field of the supervisory frame with
- the F\ bit set to\ 1. In the case of immediate retransmission, in order
- to prevent
-
- duplicate retransmissions following the clearance of the timer recovery
-
- condition, the DCE shall inhibit retransmission of a specific I\ frame [same
-
- N(R) in the same numbering cycle] if the DCE has retransmitted that I\
- frame as the result of a received REJ frame with the P/F bit set to\ 0.
-
- .LP
-
- If, while in the timer recovery condition, the DCE receives a REJ
-
- command with the P bit set to\ 1, the DCE will respond immediately with an
-
- appropriate supervisory response with the F bit set to\ 1. The DCE may
- then use the value of the N(R) in the REJ command to update the send state
- variable
-
- V(S), and may either immediately begin (re)transmission from the value N(R)
-
- indicated in the REJ frame or ignore the request for retransmission and wait
-
- until the supervisory frame with the F bit set to\ 1 is received before
-
- initiating (re)transmission of I\ frames from the value identified in the
- N(R) field of the supervisory frame with the F\ bit set to\ 1. In the case
- of
-
- immediate retransmission, in order to prevent duplicate retransmissions
-
- following the clearance of the timer recovery condition, the DCE shall
- inhibit retransmission of a specific I\ frame [same N(R) in the same numbering
- cycle]
-
- if the DCE has retransmitted that I\ frame as the result of the received REJ
-
- command with the P\ bit set to\ 1.
-
- .LP
-
- If Timer T1 runs out in the timer recovery condition, and no I or
-
- supervisory frame with the P/F bit set to 0 and with a valid N(R) has been
-
- received, or no REJ command with the P bit set to\ 1 and with a valid N(R)
- has been received, the DCE will add one to its transmission attempt variable,
-
- restart Timer\ T1, and either retransmit the I frame sent with the P bit set
-
- to\ 1 or transmit an appropriate supervisory command with the P bit set to\ 1.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- If the transmission attempt variable is equal to N2, the DCE will
-
- initiate a data link resetting procedure as described in \(sc\ 2.4.7.2
- below, or
-
- will transmit a DM response to ask the DTE to initiate a data link set\(hyup
-
- procedure as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1 above and enter the disconnected
- phase. N2 is a system parameter (see \(sc\ 2.4.8.4 below).
-
- .LP
-
- \fINote\fR
-
- \ \(em\ Although the DCE may implement the internal variable \fIx\fR
-
- ,
-
- other mechanisms do exist that achieve the identical function.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.4.6
-
- \fILAPB conditions for \fR
-
- \fIdata link resetting or data link\fR
-
-
-
- \fIre\(hyinitialization\fR
-
- \fI(data link set\(hyup)\fR
-
- .LP
-
- 2.4.6.1
-
- When the DCE receives, during the information transfer phase, a
-
- frame which is not invalid (see \(sc\ 2.3.5.3) with one of the conditions
- listed in \(sc\ 2.3.4.9 above, the DCE will request the DTE to initiate
- a data link resetting procedure by transmitting an FRMR response to the
- DTE as described in
-
- \(sc\ 2.4.7.3.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.4.6.2
-
- When the DCE receives, during the information transfer phase, an FRMR response
- from the DTE, the DCE will either initiate the data link
-
- resetting procedures itself as described in \(sc\ 2.4.7.2 or return a DM
- response to ask the DTE to initiate the data link set\(hyup (initialization)
- procedure as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1. After transmitting a DM response,
- the DCE will enter
-
- the disconnected phase as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.4.2.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.4.6.3
-
- When the DCE receives, during the information transfer phase, a UA response,
- or an unsolicited response with the F bit set to\ 1, the DCE may
-
- either initiate the data link resetting procedures itself as described in
-
- \(sc\ 2.4.7.2, or return a DM response to ask the DTE to initiate the data link
-
- set\(hyup (initialization) procedure as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1. After
- transmitting a DM response, the DCE will enter the disconnected phase as
- described in
-
- \(sc\ 2.4.4.4.2.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.4.6.4
-
- When the DCE receives, during the information transfer phase, a DM response
- from the DTE, the DCE will either initiate the data link set\(hyup
-
- (initialization) procedures itself as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1, or return
- a DM
-
- response to ask the DTE to initiate the data link set\(hyup (initialization)
-
- procedures as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1. After transmitting a DM response,
- the DCE will enter the disconnected phase as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.4.2.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- 2.4.7
-
- \fILAPB procedure for data link resetting\fR
-
- .LP
-
- 2.4.7.1
-
- The data link resetting procedure is used to initialize both
-
- directions of information transfer according to the procedure described
- below. The data link resetting procedure only applies during the information
- transfer phase.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.4.7.2
-
- Either the DTE or the DCE may initiate the data link resetting
-
- procedure. The data link resetting procedure indicates a clearance of a DCE
-
- and/or DTE busy condition, if present.
-
- .LP
-
- The DTE shall initiate a data link resetting by transmitting an
-
- SABM/SABME command to the DCE. If, upon correct receipt of the SABM/SABME
-
- command, the DCE determines that it can continue in the information transfer
-
- phase, it will return a UA response to the DTE, will reset its send and
- receive state variables V(S) and V(R) to zero, and will remain in the information
-
- transfer phase. If, upon correct receipt of the SABM/SABME command, the DCE
-
- determines that it cannot remain in the information transfer phase, it will
-
- return a DM response as a denial to the resetting request and will enter the
-
- disconnected phase.
-
- .LP
-
- The DCE will initiate a data link resetting by transmitting an
-
- SABM/SABME command to the DTE and starting its Timer\ T1 (see \(sc\ 2.4.8.1
- below). Upon reception of a UA response from the DTE, the DCE will reset
- its send and receive state variables V(S) and V(R) to zero, will stop its
- Timer\ T1, and will remain in the information transfer phase. Upon reception
- of a DM response from the DTE as a denial to the data link resetting request,
- the DCE will stop its Timer\ T1 and will enter the disconnected phase.
-
- .LP
-
- The DCE, having sent an SABM/SABME command, will ignore and discard
-
- any frames received from the DTE except an SABM/SABME or DISC command,
- or a UA or DM response. The receipt of an SABM/SABME or DISC command from
- the DTE will result in a collision situation that is resolved per \(sc\
- 2.4.4.5 above. Frames
-
- other than the UA or DM response sent in response to a received SABM/SABME
- or DISC command will be sent only after the data link is reset and if no
-
- outstanding SABM/SABME command exists.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- After the DCE sends the SABM/SABME command, if a UA or DM response is not
- received correctly, Timer\ T1 will run out in the DCE. The DCE will then
-
- resend the SABM/SABME command and will restart Timer\ T1. After N2 attempts
- to reset the data link, the DCE will initiate appropriate higher layer
- recovery
-
- action and will enter the disconnected phase. The value of N2 is defined in
-
- \(sc\ 2.4.8.4 below.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.4.7.3
-
- The DCE may ask the DTE to reset the data link by transmitting an FRMR
- response (see \(sc\ 2.4.6.1 above). After transmitting an FRMR response,
-
- the DCE will enter the frame rejection condition.
-
- .LP
-
- The frame rejection condition is cleared when the DCE receives an SABM/SABME
- command, a DISC command, a FRMR response, or a DM response; or if
-
- the DCE transmits an SABM/SABME command, a DISC command, or a DM response.
-
- Other commands received while in the frame rejection condition will cause
- the DCE to retransmit the FRMR response with the same information field
- as
-
- originally transmitted.
-
- .LP
-
- The DCE may start Timer\ T1 on transmission of the FRMR response. If
-
- Timer\ T1 runs out before the frame rejection condition is cleared, the
- DCE may retransmit the FRMR response, and restart T1. After N2 attempts
- (time outs) to get the DTE to reset the data link, the DCE may reset the
- data link itself as described in \(sc\ 2.4.7.2 above. The value of N2 is
- defined in \(sc\ 2.4.8.4 below.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- In the frame rejection condition, I frames and supervisory frames will
- not be transmitted by the DCE. Also, received I frames and supervisory
- frames will be discarded by the DCE except for the observance of a P bit
- set to\ 1.
-
- When an additional FRMR response must be transmitted by the DCE as a result
- of the receipt of a P\ bit set to 1 while Timer\ T1 is running, Timer\
- T1 will
-
- continue to run. Upon reception of an FRMR response (even during a frame
-
- rejection condition), the DCE will initiate a resetting procedure by
-
- transmitting an SABM/SABME command as described in \(sc\ 2.4.7.2 above, or will
-
- transmit a DM response to ask the DTE to initiate the data link set\(hyup
-
- procedure as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1 and enter the disconnected phase.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.4.8
-
- \fIList of \fR
-
- \fILAPB system parameters\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The DCE and DTE system parameters are as follows:
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- 2.4.8.1
-
- \fITimer\fR
-
- \fIT1\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The value of the DTE Timer T1 system parameter may be different
-
- than the value of the DCE Timer T1 system parameter. These values shall
- be made known to both the DTE and the DCE, and agreed to for a period of
- time by both the DTE and the DCE.
-
- .LP
-
- The period of Timer T1, at the end of which retransmission of a frame may
- be initiated (see \(sc\ 2.4.4 and \(sc\ 2.4.5 above for the DCE), shall
- take into account whether T1 is started at the beginning or the end of
- the transmission of a frame.
-
- .LP
-
- The proper operation of the procedure requires that the transmitter's (DCE
- or DTE) Timer\ T1 be greater than the maximum time between transmission
- of a frame (SABM/SABME, DISC, I\ or supervisory command, or DM or FRMR
- response)
-
- and the reception of the corresponding frame returned as an answer to that
-
- frame (UA, DM or acknowledging frame). Therefore, the receiver (DCE or DTE)
-
- should not delay the response or acknowledging frame returned to one of the
-
- above frames by more than a value\ T2, where T2 is a system parameter (see
-
- \(sc\ 2.4.8.2).
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- The DCE will not delay the response or acknowledging frame returned to
- one of the above DTE frames by more than a period\ T2.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.4.8.2
-
- \fIParameter T2\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The value of the DTE parameter T2 may be different than the value of the
- DCE parameter T2. These values shall be made known to both the DTE and
- the DCE, and agreed to for a period of time by both the DTE and the DCE.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- The period of parameter T2 shall indicate the amount of time
-
- available at the DCE or DTE before the acknowledging frame must be initiated
- in order to ensure its receipt by the DTE or DCE, respectively, prior to
- Timer\ T1 running out at the DTE or DCE (parameter\ T2\ <\ Timer\ T1).
-
- .LP
-
- \fINote\fR
-
- \ \(em\ The period of parameter T2 shall take into account the
-
- following timing factors: the transmission time of the acknowledging frame,
- the propagation time over the access data link, the stated processing times
- at the DCE and the DTE, and the time to complete the transmission of the
- frame(s) in the DCE or DTE transmit queue that are neither displaceable
- or modifiable in an orderly manner.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- Given a value for Timer T1 for the DTE or DCE, the value of parameter T2
- at the DCE or DTE, respectively, must be no larger than T1 minus\ 2 times
- the propagation time over the access data link, minus the frame processing
- time at the DCE, minus the frame processing time at the DTE, and minus
- the transmission time of the acknowledging frame by the DCE or DTE, respectively.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- 2.4.8.3
-
- \fITimer T3\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The DCE shall support a Timer T3 system parameter, the value of
-
- which shall be made known to the DTE.
-
- .LP
-
- The period of Timer T3, at the end of which an indication of an
-
- observed excessively long idle channel state condition is passed to the
- Packet Layer, shall be sufficiently greater than the period of the DCE
- Timer T1
-
- (i.e.\ T3\ >\ T1) so that the expiration of T3 provides the desired level of
-
- assurance that the data link channel is in a non\(hyactive, non\(hyoperational
- state, and is in need of data link set\(hyup before normal data link operation
- can
-
- resume.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.4.8.4
-
- \fIMaximum number of attempts\fR
-
- \fIto complete a\fR
-
-
-
- \fItransmission N2\fR
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- The value of the DTE N2 system parameter may be different than the value
- of the DCE N2 system parameter. These values shall be made known to both
- the DTE and the DCE, and agreed to for a period of time by both the DTE
- and the DCE.
-
- .LP
-
- The value of N2 shall indicate the maximum number of attempts made by the
- DCE or DTE to complete the successful transmission of a frame to the DTE
- or DCE, respectively.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.4.8.5
-
- \fIMaximum number of bits in an I frame N1\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The value of the DTE N1 system parameter may be different than the value
- of the DCE N1 system parameter. These values shall be made known to both
- the DTE and the DCE.
-
- .LP
-
- The values of N1 shall indicate the maximum number of bits in an
-
- I\ frame (excluding flags and 0\ bits inserted for transparency) that the
- DCE or DTE is willing to accept from the DTE or DCE, respectively.
-
- .LP
-
- In order to allow for universal operation, a DTE should support a
-
- value of DTE N1 which is not less than 1080\ bits (135\ octets). DTEs should
- be aware that the network may transmit longer packets (see \(sc\ 5.2),
- that may result in a data link layer problem.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- All networks shall offer to a DTE which requires it, a value of DCE N1
- which is greater than or equal to 2072\ bits (259\ octets) plus the length
- of the address, control and FCS fields at the DTE/DCE interface, and greater
- than or equal to the maximum length of the data packets which may cross
- the DTE/DCE
-
- interface plus the length of the address, control and FCS fields at the
- DTE/DCE interface.
-
- .LP
-
- Appendix II provides a description of how the values stated above are derived.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.4.8.6
-
- \fIMaximum number of \fR
-
- \fIoutstanding I frames k\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The value of the DTE k system parameter shall be the same as the
-
- value of the DCE k system parameter. This value shall be agreed to for a
-
- period of time by both the DTE and the DCE.
-
- .LP
-
- The value of k shall indicate the maximum number of sequentially
-
- numbered I\ frames that the DTE or DCE may have outstanding
-
- (i.e.\ unacknowledged) at any given time. The value of k shall never exceed
-
- seven for modulo\ 8 operation, or one hundred and twenty\(hyseven for modulo\
- 128
-
- operation. All networks (DCEs) shall support a value of seven. Other values
- of k (less than and greater than seven) may also be supported by networks
-
- (DCEs).
-
- .LP
-
- .LP
-
- \fBMONTAGE : \(sc 2.5 de cette Recommandation sur le reste de cette page\fR
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- .LP
- .ad r
- \fBTable [1/X.22] [T1.22], p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- .sp 1
- 2.4
- \fICall control and failure detection procedures\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- \fICall control\fR \|and \fIfailure detection\fR \|procedures shall operate
- as specified in Recommendation\ X.21 on each subscriber channel independent
- of other subscriber channels.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.4.1
- \fIQuiescent states\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The quiescent states shall be in accordance with
- Recommendation\ X.21, \(sc\ 2.5.
- .bp
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.4.2
- \fIFailure detection\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- See Recommendation\ X.27, \(sc\ 9 for association of the
- receiver circuit failure detection types.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.4.2.1
- \fIFault conditions on interchange circuits\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The DTE should interpret a fault condition on circuit\ R as r\ =\ 0 on
- all channels using failure detection type\ 2, a fault condition on circuit\
- I as i\ =\ OFF on all channels using failure detection type\ 1, and a fault
- condition on both circuits\ R and\ I as r\ =\ 0, i\ =\ OFF \fI(DCE not
- ready)\fR on all channels.
- .PP
- Alternatively a fault condition on one of these circuits,
- R or I, may be interpreted by the DTE as r\ =\ 0, i\ =\ OFF
- \fI(DCE not ready)\fR , using failure detection type\ 3.
- .PP
- The DCE will interpret a fault condition on circuit\ T as t\ =\ 0
- on all channels using failure detection type\ 2, a fault
- condition on circuit\ C as c\ =\ OFF on all channels using failure
- detection type\ 1, and a fault condition on both circuits\ T
- and\ C as t\ =\ 0, c\ =\ OFF on all channels \fI(DTE uncontrolled not\fR
- \fIready)\fR .
- .PP
- Alternatively, a fault condition on one of these circuits,
- T or C, may be interpreted by the DCE as t\ =\ 0, c\ =\ OFF
- \fI(DTE uncontrolled not ready)\fR , using failure detection
- type\ 3.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.4.2.2
- \fIDCE fault condition\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Indication of the DCE failure condition shall be in accordance
- with Recommendation\ X.21, \(sc\ 2.6.2.
- .PP
- A DCE failure condition may effect all subscriber channels
- at the DTE/DCE interface.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.4.2.3
- \fISignal element timing provision\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The provision of signal element timing shall be in accordance
- with Recommendation\ X.21, \(sc\ 2.6.3.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.4.3
- \fIElements of the call control phase\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The elements of the call control phase, for each channel, shall be in accordance
- with Recommendation\ X.21, \(sc\ 4 with the exception that byte
- timing is not used.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.4.4
- \fIData transfer phase\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The data transfer phase, for each channel, shall be in accordance with
- Recommendation\ X.21, \(sc\ 5.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.4.5
- \fIClearing phase\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The clearing phase, for each channel, shall be in accordance with Recommendation\
- X.21, \(sc\ 6.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB3\fR \fBAlignment of call control characters\fR \fBand\fR
- \fBerror\fR
- \fBchecking\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB
- 3.1
- \fICharacter alignment\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- .PP
- For the interchange of information between the DTE and the DCE for call
- control purposes, it is necessary to establish correct alignment of
- characters. Each sequence of call control characters to and from the DCE
- shall be preceded by two or more contiguous\ 1/6 (\*QSYN\*U) characters.
- .RT
- .PP
- 3.1.1
- Certain Administrations will require the DTE to align call
- control characters transmitted from the DTE to either SYN characters delivered
- to the DTE or to the signals on the \fIframe start identification\fR interchange
- circuit\ (F).
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 3.1.2
- Certain Administrations will permit call control characters to be transmitted
- from the DTE independently of the SYN characters delivered to
- the DTE.
- .bp
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.2
- \fIError checking\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Odd parity according to Recommendation\ X.4 applies for the
- interchange of IA5 characters for call control purposes.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB4\fR \fBMultiplex structure\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- Depending on the multiplex structure used by the network, the
- structure of the multiplexed bit stream will be one of two different
- types.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 4.1
- \fIMultiplex structure in networks providing 6\ bit\(hybytes\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The DCE shall deliver to and receive from the DTE a 6\(hybit byte
- interleaved multiplexed bit stream containing a number of subscriber channels.
- The allocation of the subscriber channels should be:
- .RT
- .ce 1000
- \ 5\ channels\ (phases)\ of\ 9600\ bit/s\ or
- .ce 0
- .ce 1000
- 10\ channels\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ of\ 4800\ bit/s\ or
- .ce 0
- .ce 1000
- 20\ channels\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ of\ 2400\ bit/s\ or
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- 80\ channels\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ of\ \ 600\ bit/s\ or
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- an appropriate mix of channel data signalling rates having an aggregate bit
- rate of 48\ kbit/s.
- .PP
- The multiplex structure is divided into five phases of 9600\ bit/s, where
- each phase shall be homogeneous with regard to the subscriber data
- signalling rates.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 4.1.1
- \fIInterchange circuits and\fR
- \fIinterface signalling\fR \fIscheme\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The interchange circuits between the DTE and the DCE are shown in Figure\
- 1/X.22 and a timing diagram for the signals is given in
- Figure\ 2/X.22.
- .PP
- The signalling over the interchange circuits is as follows.
- .PP
- The transmit (T) and receive (R) circuits will convey in one
- time slot six consecutive user data bits for one subscriber
- channel (see Figure\ 2/X.22).
- .PP
- The control (C) and indication (I) circuits will convey the
- appropriate signal levels in accordance with Recommendation\ X.21 for the
- data channel which in the same time slot have bits conveyed over the respective
- data circuits.
- .PP
- Change of condition on circuit C shall take place at the OFF to ON
- transition of circuit\ S at the beginning of the first bit in the 6\(hybit
- byte.
- The condition on circuit\ C shall be steady for the whole 6\(hybit byte.
- .PP
- Change of condition on circuit I will take place at the OFF to ON
- transition of circuit\ S at the beginning of the first bit in the 6\(hybit byte
- and the condition will be steady for the whole 6\(hybit byte.
- .PP
- The signal element timing (S) will operate for continuous isochronous transmission
- at 48\ kbit/s.
- .PP
- The \fIframe start identification\fR \| circuit (F) will indicate the frame
- start with an OFF condition appearing in the last bit of each frame. For
- networks using Recommendation\ X.50 division\ 2 multiplexing, the frame
- length will be 480\ bits. For networks using Recommendation\ X.50 division\ 3
- multiplexing in which the user rate of 600\ bit/s is not included, the frame
- length will be 120\ bits.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 4.2
- \fIMultiplex structure in networks providing 8\(hybit bytes\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The DCE shall deliver to and receive from the DTE an 8\(hybit byte
- interleaved multiplexed bit stream containing a number of subscriber channels.
- The allocation of the subscriber channels should be:
- .RT
- .ce 1000
- \ 5\ channels\ (phases)\ of\ 9600\ bit/s\ or
- .ce 0
- .ce 1000
- 10\ channels\
- (phases)
- \ of\ 4800\ bit/s\ or
- .ce 0
- .ce 1000
- 20\ channels\
- (phases)
- \ of\ 2400\ bit/s\ or
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- 80\ channels\
- (phases)
- \ of\ \ 600\ bit/s\ or
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- an appropriate mix of channel data signalling rates having an aggregate bit
- rate of 48\ kbit/s.
- .PP
- The multiplex bit stream is divided into five phases of
- 9600\ bit/s, where each phase shall be homogeneous with regard to the subscriber
- data signalling rates.
- .bp
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 4.2.1
- \fIInterchange circuits and interface signalling scheme\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The interchange circuits between the DTE and DCE are shown in
- Figure\ 1/X.22 and a timing diagram for the signals is given in Figure\
- 3/X.22. The signalling over the interchange circuits is as follows.
- .PP
- The transmit (T) and receive (R) circuits will convey in one time slot
- eight consecutive user data bits for one subscriber channel (see
- Figure\ 3/X.22).
- .PP
- The control (C) and indication (I) circuits will convey the
- appropriate signal levels in accordance with Recommendation\ X.21 for the
- data channel which in the same time slot have bits conveyed over the respective
- data circuits.
- .PP
- Change of condition on circuit C shall take place at the OFF to ON
- transition of circuit\ S at the beginning of the first bit in the 8\(hybit
- byte.
- The condition on circuit\ C shall be steady for the whole 8\(hybit byte.
- .PP
- Change of condition on circuit I will take place at the OFF to ON
- transition of circuit\ S at the beginning of the first bit in the 8\(hybit byte
- and the condition will be steady for the whole 8\(hybit byte.
- .PP
- The signal element timing (S) will operate for continuous isochronous transmission
- at 48\ kbit/s.
- .PP
- The
- \fIframe start identification\fR \| circuit
- (F) will indicate
- the
- frame start with an OFF condition appearing in the position of the last
- bit of each 640\(hybit frame. As an optional facility each frame start
- could be followed by a code which will indicate the actual channel allocation.
- This facility is for further study.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB5\fR \fBTest loops\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- Establishment of test loops for DTE tests and network maintenance is for
- further study.
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 11P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 1/X.22, p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 17P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 2/X.22, p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 22P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 3/X.22, p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fBRecommendation\ X.24\fR
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .ce 1000
- \fBLIST\ OF\fR \
- \fBDEFINITIONS\ FOR\ INTERCHANGE\ CIRCUITS\ BETWEEN\ DATA\fR
- .EF '% Fascicle\ VIII.2\ \(em\ Rec.\ X.24''
- .OF '''Fascicle\ VIII.2\ \(em\ Rec.\ X.24 %'
- .ce 0
- .ce 1000
- \fBTERMINAL\ EQUIPMENT\ (DTE)\ AND\ DATA\ CIRCUIT\(hyTERMINATING\fR
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fBEQUIPMENT\ (DCE)\fR \fB\ ON\ PUBLIC\ DATA\ NETWORKS\fR
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fI(Geneva, 1976; amended at Geneva, 1980, Malaga\(hyTorremolinos, 1984,\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fIand Melbourne, 1988)\fR
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- The\ CCITT,
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fIconsidering that\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- (a)
- the interface between DTE and DCE on public data neworks requires, in addition
- to the electrical and functional characteristics of the interchange circuits,
- the definition of procedural characteristics for call
- control functions and selection of the facilities according to
- Recommendation\ X.2;
- .PP
- (b)
- the functions of the circuits defined in
- Recommendation\ V.24 are based on the requirements of data transmission
- over the general telephone network and are not appropriate for use at DTE/DCE
- interfaces in public data networks;
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fIunanimously declares\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- a Recommendation to include the list of definitions of
- interchange circuits for use in public data networks is required.
- .bp
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB1\fR \fBScope\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 1.1
- This Recommendation applies to the functions of the interchange circuits
- provided at the interface between DTE and DCE of data networks
- for the transfer of binary data, call control signals and timing signals.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- For any type of practical equipment, a selection will be made from the
- range of interchange circuits defined in this Recommendation, as
- appropriate. The actual interchange circuits to be used in a particular
- DCE for a user class of service according to Recommendation\ X.1 and defined
- user
- facilities according to Recommendation\ X.2, are those indicated in the
- relevant Recommendation for the procedural characteristics of the interface,
- e.g.,\ Recommendation\ X.20 or\ X.21.
- .PP
- To enable a standard DTE to be developed, the use and termination by the
- DTE of certain circuits even when implemented in the DCE are not mandatory.
- This is covered by the individual interface Recommendations.
- .PP
- The interchange circuits defined for the transfer of binary data are also
- used for the exchange of call control signals.
- .PP
- The electrical characteristics of the interchange circuits are
- detailed in the appropriate Recommendation for electrical characteristics of
- interchange circuits. The application of those characteristics for a particular
- DCE is specified in the Recommendation for the procedural characteristics
- of the interface.
- .RT
- .PP
- 1.2
- The range of interchange circuits defined in this
- Recommendation is applicable to the range of services which could be offered
- on a public data network, e.g.,\ circuit switching services (synchronous
- and
- start/stop), telex service, packet switching services, message registration
- and retransmission service and facsimile service.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB2\fR \fBLine of demarcation\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .LP
- .PP
- The interface between DTE and DCE is located at a connector which is the
- interchange point between these two classes of equipment shown in
- Figure\ 1/X.24.
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 15P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 1/X.24, p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .PP
- 2.1
- The connector will not necessarily be physically attached to
- the DCE and may be mounted in a fixed position near the DTE. The female part
- of the connector belongs to the DCE.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 2.2
- An interconnecting cable will normally be provided together
- with the DTE. The cable length is limited by electrical parameters specified
- in the appropriate Recommendations for the electrical characteristics of the
- interchange circuits.
- .bp
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB3\fR \fBDefinition of\fR
- \fBinterchange circuits\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- A list of the data network series interchange circuits is presented in
- tabular form in Table\ 1/X.24.
- .RT
- .ce
- .line
- .ce
- \fBTable 1/X.24 [T1.24], p.\fR
- .ce
- 3.1
- .ce
- \fICircuit\ G\ \(em\ Signal ground or common return\fR
-
- .LP
-
- This conductor establishes the signal common reference potential
-
- for unbalanced double\(hycurrent interchange circuits with electrical
-
- characteristics according to Recommendation\ V.28. In the case of
-
- interchange circuits according to Recommendations\ V.10 and\ V.11, it
-
- interconnects the zero volt reference points of a generator and a receiver
- to reduce environmental signal interference, if required.
-
- .LP
-
- Within the DCE, this conductor shall be brought to one point,
-
- protective ground or earth, by means of a metallic strap within the equipment.
- This metallic strap can be connected or removed at installation, as may
- be
-
- required, to minimize the introduction of noise into electronic circuitry
- or to meet applicable regulations.
-
- .LP
-
- \fINote\fR
-
- \ \(em\ Where a shielded interconnecting cable is used at the
-
- interface, the shield may be connected either to circuit\ G, or to protective
-
- ground in accordance with national regulations. Protective ground may be
-
- further connected to external grounds as required by applicable electrical
-
- safety regulations.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- For unbalanced interchange circuits with electrical characteristics in
- accordance with Recommendation\ V.10, two common\(hyreturn conductors are
- required, one for each direction of signalling, each conductor being connected
- to ground only on the generator side of the interface. Where used, these
- shall be
-
- designated circuits\ Ga and\ Gb, and they are defined as follows:
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- \fICircuit\ Ga\ \(em\ DTE common return\fR
-
- .LP
-
- This conductor is connected to the DTE circuit common and is used
-
- as the reference potential for the unbalanced\ X.26 type interchange circuit
-
- receivers within the DCE.
-
- .LP
-
- \fICircuit\ Gb\ \(em\ DCE common return\fR
-
- .LP
-
- This conductor is connected to the DCE circuit common and is used
-
- as the reference potential for the unbalanced\ X.26 type interchange circuit
-
- receivers within the DTE.
-
- .LP
-
- 3.2
-
- \fICircuit\ T\ \(em\ Transmit\fR
-
- .LP
-
- \fIDirection:\fR
-
- To DCE
-
- .LP
-
- The binary signals originated by the DTE to be transmitted during the data
- transfer phase via the data circuit to one or more remote DTEs are
-
- transferred on this circuit to the DCE.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
-
-
- This circuit also transfers the call control signals originated by the
- DTE, to be transmitted to the DCE in the call establishment and other call
-
- control phases as specified by the relevant Recommendations for the procedural
- characteristic of the interface.
-
- .LP
-
- The DCE monitors this circuit for detection of electrical circuit
-
- fault conditions, according to the specifications of the electrical
-
- characteristics of the interface. A circuit fault is to be interpreted
- by the DCE as defined in the Recommendation for the procedural characteristics
- of
-
- the interface.
-
- .LP
-
- 3.3
-
- \fICircuit\ R\ \(em\ Receive\fR
-
- .LP
-
- \fIDirection:\fR
-
- \ From DCE
-
- .LP
-
- The binary signals sent by the DCE as received during the data
-
- transfer phase from a remote DTE, are transferred on this circuit to the DTE.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- This circuit also transfers the call control signals sent by the DCE as
- received during the call establishment and other call control phases as
-
- specified by the relevant Recommendations for the procedural characteristics
- of the interface.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- The DTE monitors this circuit for detection of electrical circuit
-
- fault conditions, according to the specifications of the electrical
-
- characteristics of the interface. A circuit fault is to be interpreted
- by the DTE as defined in the Recommendation for the procedural characteristics
- of
-
- the interface.
-
- .LP
-
- 3.4
-
- \fICircuit\ C\ \(em\ Control\fR
-
- .LP
-
- \fIDirection:\fR
-
- \ To DCE
-
- .LP
-
- Signals on this circuit control the DCE for a particular signalling process.
-
- .LP
-
- Representation of a control signal requires additional coding of
-
- circuit\ T\(hy\fITransmit\fR
-
- \|as specified in the relevant Recommendation for the
-
- procedural characteristics of the interface. During the data phase, this
-
- circuit shall remain ON. During the call control phases, the condition
- of this circuit shall be as specified in the relevant Recommendation for
- the procedural characteristics of the interface.
-
- .LP
-
- \fINote\fR
-
- \ \(em\ After appropriate selection of special user facilities (not yet
- defined), it might be required to change the ON condition after entering
-
- the data phase in accordance with the regulations for the use of these
-
- facilities. This subject is for further study.
-
- .LP
-
- The DCE monitors this circuit for detection of electrical circuit
-
- fault conditions, according to the specifications of the electrical
-
- characteristics of the interface. A circuit fault is to be interpreted
- by the DCE as defined in the Recommendation for the procedural characteristics
- of
-
- the interface.
-
- .LP
-
- 3.5
-
- \fICircuit\ I\ \(em\ Indication\fR
-
- .LP
-
- \fIDirection:\fR
-
- \ From DCE
-
- .LP
-
- Signals on this circuit indicate to the DTE the state of the call control
- process.
-
- .LP
-
- Representation of a control signal requires additional coding of
-
- circuit\ R\(hy\fIReceive\fR
-
- , as specified in the relevant Recommendation for the
-
- procedural characteristics of the interface. The ON condition of this circuit
- signifies that signals on circuit\ R contain information from the distant
- DTE. The OFF condition signifies a control signalling condition which is
- defined by the bit sequence on circuit\ R as specified by the procedural
- characteristics
-
- of the interface.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- The DTE monitors this circuit for detection of electrical circuit
-
- fault conditions, according to the specifications of the electrical
-
- characteristics of the interface. A circuit fault is to be interpreted
- by the DTE as defined in the Recommendation for the procedural characteristics
- of
-
- the interface.
-
- .LP
-
- \fINote\fR
-
- \ \(em\ For use with special user facilities (not yet defined) it
-
- might be required to use the OFF condition after entering the data transfer
-
- phase in accordance with the regulations for the use of these facilities.
-
- This subject is for further study.
-
- .LP
-
- 3.6
-
- \fICircuit\ S\ \(em\ \fR
-
- \fISignal element timing\fR
-
- .LP
-
- \fIDirection:\fR
-
- \ From DCE
-
- .LP
-
- Signals on this circuit provide the DTE with signal element timing information.
- The condition of this circuit shall be ON and OFF for nominally
-
- equal periods of time. However, for burst isochronous operations, longer
-
- periods of OFF condition may be permitted equal to an integer odd number of
-
- the nominal period of the ON condition as specified by the relevant procedural
- characteristics of the interface.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
-
-
- The DTE shall present a binary signal on circuit\ T\(hy\fITransmit\fR
-
- \|and a condition on circuit\ C\(hy\fIControl\fR
-
- , in which the transitions nominally occur at the time of the transitions
- from OFF to ON condition of this circuit.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- The DCE presents a binary signal on circuit\ R\(hy\fIReceive\fR
-
- \|and a
-
- condition on circuit\ I\(hy\fIIndication\fR
-
- \|in which the transitions nominally occur at the time of the transitions
- from OFF to ON condition of this circuit.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- The transition from ON to OFF condition shall nominally indicate the centre
- of each signal element on circuit\ R.
-
- .LP
-
- The DCE shall transfer signal element timing information on this
-
- circuit across the interface at all times that the timing source is capable
- of generating this information.
-
- .LP
-
- 3.7
-
- \fICircuit\ B\ \(em\ \fR
-
- \fIByte timing\fR
-
- (see Note 2)
-
- .LP
-
- \fIDirection:\fR
-
- \ From DCE
-
- .LP
-
- Signals on this circuit provide the DTE with 8\(hybit byte timing
-
- information. The condition of this circuit shall be OFF for nominally the
-
- period of the ON condition of circuit\ S\(hy\fISignal element timing\fR
-
- which indicates the last bit of an 8\(hybit byte and shall be ON at all
- other times within the
-
- period of the 8\(hybit byte.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
-
-
- During the call control phases, the call control characters and steady
- state conditions used for all information transfers between the DCE and
- the
-
- DTE, in either direction, shall be correctly aligned to the signals of
-
- circuit\ B.
-
- .LP
-
- The DTE shall present the beginning of the first bit of each call
-
- control character on circuit\ T\(hy\fITransmit\fR
-
- nominally at the time of the
-
- OFF to ON transition of circuit\ S which follows the OFF to ON transition of
-
- circuit\ B.
-
- .LP
-
- A change of condition of circuit\ C\(hy\fIControl\fR
-
- \|may occur at any
-
- OFF to ON transition of circuit\ S, but it will be sampled in the DCE at the
-
- time of the OFF to ON transition of circuit\ B, i.e., for evaluation of the
-
- following call control character on circuit\ T.
-
- .LP
-
- The centre of the last bit of each call control character will be
-
- presented by the DCE on circuit\ R\(hy\fIReceive\fR
-
- nominally at the time of the
-
- OFF to ON transition of circuit\ B.
-
- .LP
-
- A change of condition of circuit\ I\(hy\fIIndication\fR
-
- \|will occur nominally at the OFF to ON transition of circuit\ S which
- follows the OFF to ON
-
- transition of circuit\ B.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
-
-
- The DCE shall transfer byte timing information on this circuit across the
- interface at all times that the timing source is capable of generating
- this information.
-
- .LP
-
- \fINote\ 1\fR
-
- \ \(em\ During the data transfer phase, DTEs communicating by
-
- means of an 8\(hybit code may utilize the byte timing information for mutual
-
- character alignment.
-
- .LP
-
- It is a prerequisite for the provision of this feature that
-
- character alignment is preserved after the call has entered the data transfer
- phase and that the alignment obtained at one interface is synchronized
- to the alignment at the other interface. (This is only possible on some
- connections.)
-
- .LP
-
- Furthermore, where this feature is available, a change of condition
-
- on circuit\ C as defined above may result in an equivalent change in the
-
- relative alignment on circuit\ I at the distant interface.
-
- .LP
-
- \fINote\ 2\fR
-
- \ \(em\ In some Recommendations for the procedural
-
- characteristics of the interface (e.g.,\ X.21), the use and termination
- of this circuit by the DTE is not mandatory even when implemented in the
- DCE.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- 3.8
-
- \fICircuit\ F\ \(em\ Frame start identification\fR
-
- .LP
-
- \fIDirection:\fR
-
- \ From DCE
-
- .LP
-
- Signals on this circuit continuously provide the DTE with a
-
- multiplex frame start indication when connected to a multiplexed DTE/DCE
-
- interface.
-
- .LP
-
- The condition on this circuit shall be OFF for the nominal period of one
- bit, indicating the last bit of the multiplex frame. At other times the
-
- circuit shall remain\ ON.
-
- .LP
-
- The first data bit on subscriber channel 1 shall be transmitted or
-
- received beginning nominally at the OFF to ON transition of circuit\ F.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- 3.9
-
- \fICircuit\ X\ \(em\ DTE transmit signal element timing\fR
-
- (see Note)
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- \fIDirection:\fR
-
- \ To DCE
-
- .LP
-
- Signals on this circuit provide signal element timing information for the
- transmit direction in cases where circuit\ S only provides signal
-
- element timing for the receive direction. The condition of this circuit
- shall be ON and OFF for nominally equal periods of time. However, for burst
-
- isochronous operations, longer periods of OFF condition may be permitted
-
- equal to an integer odd number of the nominal period of the ON condition as
-
- specified by the relevant procedural characteristics of the interface.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- The DTE shall present a binary signal on the circuit T\(hy\fITransmit\fR
-
- \|and a condition on circuit\ C\(hy\fIControl\fR
-
- , in which the transitions nominally occur at the time of the transitions
- from OFF to ON condition of this circuit.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- The transition from ON to OFF condition shall nominally indicate the centre
- of each signal element on circuit\ T.
-
- .LP
-
- \fINote\fR
-
- \ \(em\ The use and termination of this circuit by the DCE is a
-
- national matter.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- \fBRecommendation X.25\fR
-
- .line
-
- \fBINTERFACE\ BETWEEN\ DATA\ TERMINAL\ EQUIPMENT\ (DTE)\ AND\ DATA\fR
-
-
-
- \fBCIRCUIT\(hyTERMINATING\ EQUIPMENT\ (DCE)\ FOR\ TERMINALS\ OPERATING\fR
-
- \fBIN\ THE\ PACKET\ MODE\ AND\ CONNECTED\ TO\ PUBLIC\fR
-
- \fBDATA\ NETWORKS\ BY\ DEDICATED\ CIRCUIT\fR
-
- \fI(Geneva, 1976; amended at Geneva, 1980\fR
-
- ,
-
- \fIMalaga\(hyTorremolinos, 1984 and Melbourne, 1988)\fR
-
-
-
- The establishment in various countries of public data networks providing
- packet switched data transmission services creates a need to produce standards
- to facilitate international interworking.
-
- .LP
-
- The\ CCITT,
-
- .LP
-
- \fIconsidering\fR
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- (a)
-
- that Recommendation X.1 includes specific user classes of service for data
- terminal equipments operating in the packet mode,
-
- Recommendation\ X.2 defines user facilities, Recommendation\ X.10 defines
-
- categories of access, Recommendations\ X.21 and X.21\|\fIbis\fR
-
- define DTE/DCE
-
- physical layer interface characteristics, Recommendation\ X.92 defines the
-
- hypothetical reference connections for packet switched data transmission
-
- service and Recommendation\ X.96 defines \fIcall progress\fR
-
- signals;
-
- .LP
-
- (b)
-
- that data terminal equipments operating in the packet
-
- mode will send and receive network control information in the form of packets;
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- (c)
-
- that certain data terminal equipments operating in the packet mode will
- use a
-
- packet interleaved synchronous data circuit
-
- ;
-
- .LP
-
- (d)
-
- the desirability of being able to use a single data
-
- circuit to a Data Switching Exchange\ (DSE) for all user facilities;
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- (e)
-
- that Recommendation X.2 specifies which of the various data transmission
- services and optional user facilities described in the
-
- present Recommendation are \*Qessential\*U and have thus to be made available
-
- internationally, and which are not;
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- (f
-
- )
-
- the need for defining an international
-
- Recommendation for the exchange between DTE and DCE of control information
- for the use of packet switched data transmission services;
-
- .LP
-
- (g)
-
- that this definition is made in Recommendation X.32 with regard to the
- access through a public switched telephone network, an integrated services
- digital network (ISDN), or a circuit switched public data network;
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- (h)
-
- that Recommendation X.31 defines the support of
-
- packet\(hymode
-
- terminal equipment by an integrated services digital network (ISDN);
-
- .LP
-
- (i)
-
- that, when this Recommendation is used to support the
-
- Network Service defined in Recommendation\ X.213, the physical, data link and
-
- packet
-
- layers correspond to the Physical, Data link and Network Layers respectively,
- as defined in Recommendation\ X.200;
-
- .LP
-
- (j)
-
- that this Recommendation includes all the features
-
- necessary to support the services included in Recommendation\ X.213 as
- well as other features; that Recommendation\ X.223 defines the use of X.25
- packet layer protocol to provide the OSI connection mode Network service;
-
- .LP
-
- (k)
-
- that the necessary elements for an interface
-
- Recommendation should be defined independently as:
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- \fIPhysical layer\fR
-
- \ \(em\ the mechanical, electrical, functional and
-
- procedural characteristics to activate, maintain and deactivate
-
- the physical link between the DTE and the DCE;
-
- .LP
-
- \fIData link layer\fR
-
- \ \(em\ the link access procedure for data interchange
-
- across the link between the DTE and the DCE;
-
- .LP
-
- \fIPacket layer\fR
-
- \ \(em\ the packet format and control procedures for the
-
- exchange of packets containing control information and user
-
- data between the DTE and the DCE;
-
- .LP
-
- \fIunanimously declares\fR
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- that for public data networks accessed via dedicated circuits by data terminal
- equipments operating in the packet mode:
-
- .LP
-
- (1)
-
- the mechanical, electrical, functional and procedural
-
- characteristics to activate, maintain and deactivate the physical link
- between the DTE and the DCE should be as specified in \(sc\ 1 below, \fIDTE/DCE
- interface\fR
-
- \fIcharacteristics\fR
-
- ;
-
- .LP
-
- (2)
-
- the link access procedure for data interchange across
-
- the link between the DTE and the DCE should be as specified in \(sc\ 2 below,
-
- \fILink access procedure across the DTE/DCE interface\fR
-
- ;
-
- .LP
-
- (3)
-
- the packet layer procedures for the exchange of control information and
- user data at the DTE/DCE interface should be as specified in
-
- \(sc\ 3 below, \fIDescription of the packet layer DTE/DCE interface\fR
-
- ;
-
- .LP
-
- (4)
-
- the procedures for virtual call and permanent virtual
-
- circuit services should be as specified in \(sc\ 4 below, \fIProcedures
- for virtual\fR
-
- \fIcircuit services\fR
-
- ;
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- (5)
-
- the format for packets exchanged between the DTE and the DCE should be
- as specified in \(sc\ 5 below, \fIPacket formats\fR
-
- ;
-
- .LP
-
- (6)
-
- the procedures for optional user facilities should be as specified in \(sc\
- 6 below, \fIProcedures for optional user facilities\fR
-
- ;
-
- .LP
-
- (7)
-
- the formats for optional user facilities should be as
-
- specified in \(sc\ 7 below, \fIFormats for facility fields and registration
- fields\fR
-
- .
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- \fINote\fR
-
- \ \(em\ This Recommendation fully specifies the behaviour of the DCE. In
- addition, a minimum set of requirements is specified for the DTE.
-
- Additional guidance for the design of DTEs is available in ISO standards
-
- ISO\ 7776 (data link layer) and ISO\ 8208 (packet layer). It is not required
- by this Recommendation that these ISO standards be used. If using these
- ISO
-
- standards, note must be taken that their scope is expanded beyond that
- of just interfacing with packet switched public data networks.
-
- .LP
-
- It should also be noted that this Recommendation uses the term DTE to refer
- to the equipment to which the DCE interfaces. In ISO\ 8208, distinction
- is made between a DTE and a packet switched private data network, which
- are both considered as DTEs in this Recommendation.
-
- .LP
-
- CONTENTS
-
- 1
-
- \fIDTE/DCE interface characteristics (physical layer)\fR
-
- .LP
-
- 1.1
-
- X.21 interface
-
- .LP
-
- 1.2
-
- X.21\|\fIbis\fR
-
- interface
-
- .LP
-
- 1.3
-
- V\(hyseries interface
-
- .LP
-
- 1.4
-
- X.31 interface
-
- .LP
-
- 2
-
- \fILink access procedures across the DTE/DCE interface\fR
-
- .LP
-
- 2.1
-
- Scope and field of application
-
- .LP
-
- 2.2
-
- Frame structure
-
- .LP
-
- 2.3
-
- LAPB elements of procedures
-
- .LP
-
- 2.4
-
- Description of the LAPB procedure
-
- .LP
-
- 2.5
-
- Multilink procedure (MLP)
-
- .LP
-
- 2.6
-
- LAP elements of procedure
-
- .LP
-
- 2.7
-
- Description of the LAP procedure
-
- .LP
-
- 3
-
- \fIDescription of the packet layer DTE/DCE interface\fR
-
- .LP
-
- 3.1
-
- Logical channels
-
- .LP
-
- 3.2
-
- Basic structure of packets
-
- .LP
-
- 3.3
-
- Procedure for restart
-
- .LP
-
- 3.4
-
- Error handling
-
- .LP
-
- 4
-
- \fIProcedures for virtual circuit services\fR
-
- .LP
-
- 4.1
-
- Procedures for virtual call service
-
- .LP
-
- 4.2
-
- Procedures for permanent virtual circuit service
-
- .LP
-
- 4.3
-
- Procedures for data and interrupt transfer
-
- .LP
-
- 4.4
-
- Procedures for flow control
-
- .LP
-
- 4.5
-
- Effects of clear, reset and restart procedures
-
- on the transfer of packets
-
- .LP
-
- 4.6
-
- Effects of the physical and the data link layer on the
-
- packet layer
-
- .LP
-
- 5
-
- \fIPacket formats\fR
-
- .LP
-
- 5.1
-
- General
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- 5.2
-
- Call set\(hyup and clearing packets
-
- .LP
-
- 5.3
-
- Data and interrupt packets
-
- .LP
-
- 5.4
-
- Flow control and reset packets
-
- .LP
-
- 5.5
-
- Restart packets
-
- .LP
-
- 5.6
-
- Diagnostic packet
-
- .LP
-
- 5.7
-
- Packets required for optional user facilities
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- 6
-
- \fIProcedures for optional user facilities (packet layer)\fR
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- 6.1
-
- On\(hyline facility registration
-
- .LP
-
- 6.2
-
- Extended packet sequence numbering
-
- .LP
-
- 6.3
-
- D bit modification
-
- .LP
-
- 6.4
-
- Packet retransmission
-
- .LP
-
- 6.5
-
- Incoming calls barred
-
- .LP
-
- 6.6
-
- Outgoing calls barred
-
- .LP
-
- 6.7
-
- One\(hyway logical channel outgoing
-
- .LP
-
- 6.8
-
- One\(hyway logical channel incoming
-
- .LP
-
- 6.9
-
- Non\(hystandard default packet sizes
-
- .LP
-
- 6.10
-
- Non\(hystandard default window sizes
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- 6.11
-
- Default throughput classes assignment
-
- .LP
-
- 6.12
-
- Flow control parameter negotiation
-
- .LP
-
- 6.13
-
- Throughput class negotiation
-
- .LP
-
- 6.14
-
- Closed user group related facilities
-
- .LP
-
- 6.15
-
- Bilateral closed user group related facilities
-
- .LP
-
- 6.16
-
- Fast select
-
- .LP
-
- 6.17
-
- Fast select acceptance
-
- .LP
-
- 6.18
-
- Reverse charging
-
- .LP
-
- 6.19
-
- Reverse charging acceptance
-
- .LP
-
- 6.20
-
- Local charging prevention
-
- .LP
-
- 6.21
-
- Network user identification (NUI) related facilities
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- 6.22
-
- Charging information
-
- .LP
-
- 6.23
-
- RPOA related facilities
-
- .LP
-
- 6.24
-
- Hunt group
-
- .LP
-
- 6.25
-
- Call redirection and call deflection related facilities
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- 6.26
-
- Called line address modified notification
-
- .LP
-
- 6.27
-
- Transit delay selection and indication
-
- .LP
-
- 6.28
-
- TOA/NEI address subscription
-
- .LP
-
- 7
-
- \fIFormats for facility fields and registration fields\fR
-
- .LP
-
- 7.1
-
- General
-
- .LP
-
- 7.2
-
- Coding of facility field in call set\(hyup
-
- and clearing packets
-
- .LP
-
- 7.3
-
- Coding of the registration field of
-
- registration packets
-
- .LP
-
- \fIAnnex\ A\fR
-
- \(em
-
- Range of logical channels used for virtual calls
-
- and permanent virtual circuits
-
- .LP
-
- \fIAnnex\ B\fR
-
- \(em
-
- Packet layer DTE/DCE interface state diagrams
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- \fIAnnex\ C\fR
-
- \(em
-
- Actions taken by the DCE on receipt of packets
-
- in a given state of the packet layer DTE/DCE interface as
-
- perceived by the DCE
-
- .LP
-
- \fIAnnex\ D\fR
-
- \(em
-
- Packet layer DCE time\(hyouts and DTE time\(hylimits
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- \fIAnnex\ E\fR
-
- \(em
-
- Coding of X.25 network generated
-
- diagnostic fields in clear, reset and restart indication,
-
- registration confirmation, and diagnostic packets
-
- .LP
-
- \fIAnnex\ F\fR
-
- \(em
-
- Applicability of the on\(hyline registration facility
-
- to other facilities
-
- .LP
-
- \fIAnnex\ G\fR
-
- \(em
-
- CCITT\(hyspecified DTE facilities to support the
-
- OSI Network service
-
- .LP
-
- \fIAnnex\ H\fR
-
- \(em
-
- Subscription\(hytime optional user facilities that may be
-
- associated with a network user identifier in conjunction with the NUI
-
- override facility
-
- .LP
-
- \fIAppendix\ I\fR
-
- \(em
-
- Examples of data link layer transmitted bit patterns by the DCE and the DTE
-
- .LP
-
- \fIAppendix\ II\fR
-
- \(em
-
- An explanation of how the values for N1 in \(sc 2.4.8.5 are derived
-
- .LP
-
- \fIAppendix\ III\fR
-
- \(em
-
- Examples of multilink resetting procedures
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- \fIAppendix\ IV\fR
-
- \(em
-
- Information on addresses in call set\(hyup and clearing
-
- packets
-
- .LP
-
- \fB1\fR
-
- \fBDTE/DCE interface characteristics\fR
-
- \fB(physical layer)\fR
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- Administrations may offer one or more of the interfaces specified below.
- The exact use of the relevant points in these Recommendations is
-
- detailed below.
-
- .LP
-
- 1.1
-
- \fIX.21 interface\fR
-
- .LP
-
- 1.1.1
-
- \fIDTE/DCE physical interface elements\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The DTE/DCE physical interface elements shall be according to
-
- \(sc\(sc\ 2.1 through\ 2.5 of Recommendation\ X.21.
-
- .LP
-
- 1.1.2
-
- \fIProcedures for entering operational phases\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The procedures for entering operational phases shall be as
-
- described in \(sc\ 5.2 of Recommendation\ X.21. The data exchanged on circuits\
- T
-
- and\ R when the interface is in states\ 13S, 13R and\ 13 of Figure A\(hy3/X.21
- will be as described in subsequent sections of this Recommendation.
-
- .LP
-
- The \fInot ready\fR
-
- \| states given in \(sc\ 2.5 of Recommendation X.21 are
-
- considered to be \fInon\(hyoperational\fR
-
- states and may be considered by the higher layers to be \fIout of order\fR
-
- states (see \(sc\ 4.6 below).
-
- .LP
-
- 1.1.3
-
- \fIFailure detection and test loops\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The failure detection principles shall be according to \(sc\ 2.6 of
-
- Recommendation\ X.21. In addition, i\ =\ OFF may be signalled due to momentary
-
- transmission failures. Higher layers may delay for several seconds before
-
- considering the interface to be out of order.
-
- .LP
-
- The definitions of test loops and the principles of maintenance
-
- testing using the test loops are provided in Recommendation\ X.150.
-
- .LP
-
- A description of the test loops and the procedures for their use is
-
- given in \(sc\ 7 of Recommendation\ X.21.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- Automatic activation by a DTE of a test loop\ 2 in the DCE at the
-
- remote terminal is not possible. However, some Administrations may permit
- the DTE to control the equivalent of a test loop\ 2, at the local DSE,
- to verify the operation of the leased line or subscriber line and/or all
- or part of the DCE or line terminating equipment. Control of the loop,
- if provided, may be either manual or automatic, as described in Recommendations\
- X.150 and\ X.21
-
- respectively.
-
- .LP
-
- 1.1.4
-
- \fISignal element timing\fR
-
- .LP
-
- Signal element timing shall be in accordance with \(sc\ 2.6.3 of
-
- Recommendation\ X.21.
-
- .LP
-
- 1.2
-
- \fIX.21\|bis interface\fR
-
- .LP
-
- 1.2.1
-
- \fIDTE/DCE physical interface elements\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The DTE/DCE physical interface elements shall be according to \(sc\ 1.2
- of Recommendation\ X.21\|\fIbis\fR
-
- .
-
- .LP
-
- 1.2.2
-
- \fIOperational phases\fR
-
- .LP
-
- When circuit 107 is in the ON condition, and circuits\ 105, 106, 108 and
- 109, if provided, are in the ON condition, data exchange on circuits\ 103
-
- and\ 104 will be as described in subsequent sections of this
-
- Recommendation.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- When circuit 107 is in the OFF condition, or any of circuits 105, 106,
- 108 or\ 109, if provided, are in the OFF condition, this is considered
- to be in a \fInon\(hyoperational\fR
-
- state, and may be considered by the higher layers to be in an \fIout of
- order\fR
-
- state (see \(sc\ 4.6 below).
-
- .LP
-
- 1.2.3
-
- \fIFailure detection and test loops\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The failure detection principles, the description of test loops and the
- procedures for their use shall be according to \(sc\(sc\ 3.1 through\ 3.3
- of
-
- Recommendation\ X.21\|\fIbis\fR
-
- . In addition, circuits\ 106 and\ 109 may enter the OFF condition due to
- momentary transmission failures. Higher layers may delay for several seconds
- before considering the interface to be out of order.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- Automatic activation by a DTE of test loop 2 in the DCE at the remote terminal
- is not possible. However, some Administrations may permit the DTE to control
- the equivalent of a test loop\ 2, at the local DSE, to verify the
-
- operation of the leased line or subscriber line and/or all or part of the
- DCE or line terminating equipment. Control of the loop, if provided, may
- be either manual or automatic, as described in Recommendations\ X.150 and\
- X.21\|\fIbis\fR
-
-
-
- respectively.
-
- .LP
-
- 1.2.4
-
- \fISignal element timing\fR
-
- .LP
-
- Signal element timing shall be in accordance with \(sc\ 3.4 of
-
- Recommendation\ X.21\|\fIbis\fR
-
- .
-
- .LP
-
- 1.3
-
- \fIV\(hySeries interface\fR
-
- .LP
-
- General operation with V\(hySeries modems is as described in \(sc\ 1.2
-
- above. However, for specific details, particularly related to failure detection
- principles, loop testing, and the use of circuits\ 107, 109, 113 and\ 114,
- refer to the appropriate V\(hySeries Recommendations.
-
- .LP
-
- The delay between 105\(hyON and 106\(hyON (when these
-
- circuits are present) will be more than 10\ ms and less than 1\ s. In addition,
- circuits\ 106 or\ 109 may enter the OFF condition due to momentary transmission
- failures or modem retraining. Higher layers may delay for several seconds
-
- before considering the interface to be out of order.
-
- .LP
-
- 1.4
-
- \fIX.31 interface\fR
-
- .LP
-
- 1.4.1
-
- \fIDTE/DCE physical interface\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The DTE/DCE physical interface shall coincide with the R reference point
- between the DTE and the Terminal Adaptor (TA). The purpose of the TA is
-
- to allow the operation of a DTE over an ISDN. The functionalities of such
- a TA when accessing a packet switched data transmission service through
- a
-
- semi\(hypermanent ISDN connection (i.e.,\ a non switched B\(hychannel)
- are described in \(sc\ 7 of Recommendation\ X.31.
-
- .LP
-
- \fINote\ 1\fR
-
- \ \(em\ This type of access is considered a dedicated access to a public
- switched data transmission service. Non dedicated access to a public
-
- switched data transmission service is defined in Recommendations\ X.32
-
- and\ X.31.
-
- .LP
-
- \fINote\ 2\fR
-
- \ \(em\ The DTE and the TA functionalities may be implemented in
-
- the same piece of equipment in the case of a packet mode terminal TE1
-
- conforming to the I\(hyseries Recommendations. In this case, this
-
- Recommendation covers layer\ 2 and layer\ 3 operation on the semi\(hypermanent
-
- B\(hychannel.
-
- .LP
-
- 1.4.2
-
- \fIOperational phases\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The operational phases are as described in \(sc 7 of
-
- Recommendation\ X.31.
-
- .LP
-
- 1.4.3
-
- \fIMaintenance\fR
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- The maintenance shall be made as described in \(sc 7.6 of
-
- Recommendation\ X.31.
-
- .LP
-
- 1.4.4
-
- \fISynchronization\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The synchronization shall be made as described in \(sc 7 of
-
- Recommendation\ X.31.
-
- .LP
-
- \fB2\fR
-
- \fBLink access procedures across the DTE/DCE interface\fR
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- 2.1
-
- \fIScope and field of applications\fR
-
- .LP
-
- 2.1.1
-
- The
-
- Link Access Procedures
-
- (LAPB and LAP) are
-
- described as the
-
- Data Link Layer Element
-
- and are used for data
-
- interchange
-
- between a DCE and a DTE over a single physical circuit (LAPB and LAP), or
-
- optionally over multiple physical circuits (LAPB), operating in user classes
- of service\ 8 to\ 11 as indicated in Recommendation\ X.1. The optional,
-
- subscription\(hytime selectable, multiple physical circuit operation with LAPB
-
- (known as multilink operation) is required if the effects of circuit failures
- are not to disrupt the Packet Layer operation.
-
- .LP
-
- The single link procedures (SLPs) described in \(sc\(sc\ 2.2, 2.3
-
- and\ 2.4 (LAPB) and in \(sc\(sc\ 2.2, 2.6 and 2.7 (LAP) are used for data
- interchange over a single physical circuit, conforming to the description
- given in \(sc\ 1,
-
- between a DTE and a DCE. When the optional multilink operation is employed
- with LAPB, a single link procedure (SLP) is used independently on each
- physical
-
- circuit, and the multilink procedure (MLP) described in \(sc\ 2.5 is used for
-
- data interchange over these multiple parallel LAPB data links. In addition,
-
- when only a single physical circuit is employed with LAPB, agreements may be
-
- made with the Administration to use this optional
-
- multilink procedure
-
- over the one LAPB data link.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.1.2
-
- The
-
- single link procedures (SLPs)
-
- use the principles
-
- and terminology of the High\(hylevel Data Link Control (HDLC) procedures
-
- specified by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). The
-
- multilink pro
-
- cedure\ (MLP) is based on the principles and terminology of the Multilink
- Control Procedures specified by ISO.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.1.3
-
- Each transmission facility is duplex.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.1.4
-
- DCE compatibility of operation with the ISO balanced classes
-
- of procedure (Class BA with options\ 2, 8 and Class\ BA with options\ 2,
- 8, 10) is achieved using the LAPB procedure described in \(sc\(sc\ 2.3
- and\ 2.4. Of these
-
- classes, Class\ BA with options\ 2, 8 (LAPB modulo\ 8) is the basic service,
- and is available in all networks. Class\ BA with options\ 2, 8, 10 (LAPB
- modulo\ 128) is recognized as an optional, subscription\(hytime selectable,
- extended sequence numbering service that may be available in those networks
- wishing to serve DTE applications having a need for modulo\ 128 sequence
- numbering.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- DTE manufacturers and implementors must be aware that the
-
- procedure hereunder described as LAPB modulo\ 8 will be the only one available
- in all networks.
-
- .LP
-
- Likewise, a DTE may continue to use the LAP procedure described in
-
- \(sc\(sc\ 2.2, 2.6 and\ 2.7 (in those networks supporting such a procedure),
- but for
-
- new
-
- DTE implementations, LAPB should be preferred. The LAP procedures are defined
- for modulo\ 8 basic service only.
-
- .LP
-
- \fINote\fR
-
- \ \(em\ Other possible applications for further study are, for
-
- example:
-
- .LP
-
- \(em
-
- two\(hyway alternate, asynchronous response mode;
-
- .LP
-
- \(em
-
- two\(hyway simultaneous, normal response mode;
-
- .LP
-
- \(em
-
- two\(hyway alternate, normal response mode.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- 2.1.5
-
- For those networks that choose to support both the basic and
-
- extended LAPB sequence numbering services, the choice of either basic mode
-
- (modulo\ 8) or extended mode (modulo\ 128) may be made at subscription
- time. The choice of the mode employed for each data link procedure is independent
- of all others and of the choice of mode for the corresponding Packet Layer
- procedures. All choices are matters for agreement for a period of time
- with the
-
- Administration.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.1.6
-
- In the case of those networks that support both the LAPB procedure and
- the LAP procedure, the DCE will maintain an internal mode variable\ B,
- which it will set as follows:
-
- .LP
-
- \(em
-
- to 1, upon acceptance of an SABM/SABME (modulo 8/modulo\ 128)
-
- command from the DTE, or upon issuance of an SABM/SABME command
-
- by the DCE;
-
- .LP
-
- \(em
-
- to 0, upon acceptance of an SARM command from the DTE.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- Whenever B is 1, the DCE will use the LAPB procedure described in \(sc\(sc\
- 2.2, 2.3 and 2.4 below, and is said to be in the LAPB (balanced) mode.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- Whenever B is 0, the DCE will use the LAP procedure described in
-
- \(sc\(sc\ 2.2, 2.6 and 2.7 below, and is said to be in the LAP mode.
-
- .LP
-
- Changes to the mode variable B by the DTE should occur only when the data
- link has been disconnected as described in \(sc\(sc\ 2.4.4.3 or\ 2.7.3.3
- below.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- Should a DCE malfunction occur that negates the current setting of
-
- internal mode variable\ B, the DCE will, upon restoration of operation,
- not send either a SARM or SABM/SABME command. The DCE may send a DISC command
- or a
-
- DM\ response to notify the DTE that the DCE is in the disconnected phase.
- This will result in the DTE attempting to reinitialize the data link with
- what the DTE
-
- considers to be the proper mode\(hysetting command (SARM or SABM/SABME).
- The DCE will then be able to set the internal mode variable\ B to its proper
-
- value.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.2
-
- \fIFrame structure\fR
-
- .LP
-
- 2.2.1
-
- All transmissions on an SLP are in frames conforming to one of the formats
- of Table\ 1/X.25 for basic (modulo\ 8) operation, or alternatively one
- of the formats of Table\ 2/X.25 for extended (modulo\ 128) operation. The
- flag
-
- preceding the address field is defined as the opening flag. The flag following
- the FCS field is defined as the closing flag.
-
- .LP
-
- .line
-
- \fBTable 1/X.25 [T1.25], p.\fR
-
- .line
-
- \fBTable 2/X.25 [T2.25], p.\fR
-
- 2.2.2
-
- \fIFlag sequence\fR
-
- .LP
-
- All frames shall start and end with the flag sequence consisting of one
- 0\ bit followed by six contiguous 1\ bits and one 0\ bit. The DTE and DCE
-
- shall only send complete eight\(hybit flag sequences when sending multiple flag
-
- sequences (see \(sc\ 2.2.11). A single flag may be used as both the
-
- closing
-
- flag
-
- for one frame and the
-
- opening flag
-
- for the next frame.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.2.3
-
- \fIAddress field\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The address field shall consist of one octet. The address field
-
- identifies the intended receiver of a command frame and the transmitter of a
-
- response frame. The coding of the address field is described in \(sc\ 2.4.2
- (LAPB) and in \(sc\ 2.7.1 (LAP) below.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.2.4
-
- \fIControl field\fR
-
- .LP
-
- For modulo\ 8 (basic) operation, the control field shall consist of one
- octet. For modulo\ 128 (extended) operation, the control field shall consist
- of two octets for frame formats that contain sequence numbers, and one
- octet
-
- for frame formats that do not contain sequence numbers. The content of this
-
- field is described in \(sc\ 2.3.2\ (LAPB) and in \(sc\ 2.6.2 (LAP) below.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.2.5
-
- \fIInformation field\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The information field of a frame, when present, follows the control field
- (see \(sc\ 2.2.4 above) and precedes the
-
- frame check sequence field
-
- (see \(sc\ 2.2.7 below).
-
- .LP
-
- See \(sc\(sc 2.3.4.9, 2.5.2, 2.6.4.8 and 5 for the various codings and
-
- groupings of bits in the information field as used in this Recommendation.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- See \(sc\(sc 2.3.4.9, 2.4.8.5, 2.6.4.8 and 2.7.7.5 below with regard to
- the maximum information field length.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.2.6
-
- \fITransparency\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The DCE or DTE, when transmitting, shall examine the frame content between
- the two flag sequences including the address, control, information and
- FCS fields and shall insert a 0 bit after all sequences of 5 contiguous
- 1\ bits (including the last 5\ bits of the FCS) to ensure that a flag sequence
- is not
-
- simulated. The DCE or DTE, when receiving, shall examine the frame content
- and shall discard any 0\ bit which directly follows\ 5 contiguous 1\ bits.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.2.7
-
- \fIFrame check sequence (FCS)\fR
-
- \fI field\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The notation used to describe the FCS is based on the property of cyclic
- codes that a code vector such as 1000000100001 can be represented by a
- polynomial \fIP\fR
-
- (\fIx\fR
-
- )\ =\ \fIx\fR
-
- \u1\d\u2\d\ +\ \fIx\fR
-
- \u5\d\ +\ 1. The elements of an \fIn\fR
-
- \(hyelement
-
- code word are thus the coefficients of a polynomial of order \fIn\fR
-
- \ \(em\ 1. In this application, these coefficients can have the value\
- 0 or\ 1 and the polynomial
-
- operations are performed modulo\ 2. The polynomial representing the content
- of a frame is generated using the first bit received after the frame opening
- flag as the coefficient of the highest order term.
-
- .LP
-
- The FCS field shall be a 16\(hybit sequence. It shall be the ones
-
- complement of the sum (modulo\ 2) of:
-
- .LP
-
- 1)
-
- the remainder of
-
- \fIx\fR
-
- \uD\dlFk\fR
-
- (\fIx\fR
-
- \u1\d\u5\d\uD\dlF036+\ \fIx\fR
-
- \u1\d\u4\d\ +\ \fIx\fR
-
- \u1\d\u3\d\ +
-
- \fIx\fR
-
- \u1\d\u2\d\ +\ \fIx\fR
-
- \u1\d\u1\d\ +\ \fIx\fR
-
- \u1\d\u0\d\ +\ \fIx\fR
-
- \u9\d\ +\ \fIx\fR
-
- \u8\d\ +
-
- \fIx\fR
-
- \u7\d\ +\ \fIx\fR
-
- \u6\d\ +\ \fIx\fR
-
- \u5\d\ +\ \fIx\fR
-
- \u4\d\uD\dlF036+\ \fIx\fR
-
- \u3\d\ +
-
- +\ \fIx\fR
-
- \u2\d\ +\ \fIx\fR
-
- \ +\ 1) divided (modulo\ 2)
-
- by the
-
- generator polynomial \fIx\fR
-
- \u1\d\u6\d\ +\ \fIx\fR
-
- \u1\d\u2\d\ +\ \fIx\fR
-
- \u5\d\ +\ 1,
-
- where \fIk\fR
-
- is the number of bits in the frame existing between,
-
- but not including, the final bit of the opening flag and the
-
- first bit of the FCS, excluding bits inserted for transparency,
-
- and
-
- .LP
-
- 2)
-
- the remainder of the division (modulo 2) by the generator
-
- polynomial \fIx\fR
-
- \u1\d\u6\d\ +\ \fIx\fR
-
- \u1\d\u2\d\ +\ \fIx\fR
-
- \u5\d\ +\ 1 of the
-
- product of \fIx\fR
-
- \u1\d\u6\d by the content of the frame, existing
-
- between but not including, the final bit of the opening flag and
-
- the first bit of the FCS, excluding bits inserted for
-
- transparency.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- As a typical implementation, at the transmitter, the initial
-
- content of the register of the device computing the remainder of the division
- is preset to all 1s and is then modified by division by the generator
-
- polynomial (as described above) on the address, control and information
- fields; the ones complement of the resulting remainder is transmitted as
- the 16\(hybit
-
- FCS.
-
- .LP
-
- At the receiver, the initial content of the register of the device
-
- computing the remainder is preset to all 1s. The final remainder, after
-
- multiplication by \fIx\fR
-
- \u1\d\u6\d and then division (modulo\ 2) by the generator
-
- polynomial \fIx\fR
-
- \u1\d\u6\d\ +\ \fIx\fR
-
- \u1\d\u2\d\ +\ \fIx\fR
-
- \u5\d\ +\ 1 of the serial incoming protected bits and the FCS, will be
- 0001110100001111 (\fIx\fR
-
- \u1\d\u5\d through
-
- \fIx\fR
-
- \u0\d, respectively) in the absence of transmission errors.
-
- .LP
-
- \fINote\fR
-
- \ \(em\ Examples of transmitted bit patterns by the DCE and the DTE illustrating
- application of the transparency mechanism and the frame check
-
- sequence to the SABM command and the UA response are given in Appendix\ I.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.2.8
-
- \fIOrder of bit transmission\fR
-
- .LP
-
- Addresses, commands, responses and sequence numbers shall be
-
- transmitted with the low\(hyorder bit first (for example, the first bit of the
-
- sequence number that is transmitted shall have the weight 2\u0\d). The
- order of transmitting bits within the information field is not specified
- under \(sc\ 2 of
-
- this Recommendation. The FCS shall be transmitted to the line commencing
- with the coefficient of the highest term, which is found in bit position\
- 16 of the FCS\ field (see Tables\ 1/X.25 and 2/X.25).
-
- .LP
-
- \fINote\fR
-
- \ \(em\ In Tables 1/X.25 to 13/X.25, bit 1 is defined as the
-
- low\(hyorder bit.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.2.9
-
- \fIInvalid frames\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The definition of an invalid frame is described in \(sc\ 2.3.5.3 (LAPB)
- and in \(sc\ 2.6.5.3 (LAP) below.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.2.10
-
- \fIFrame abortion\fR
-
- .LP
-
- Aborting a frame is performed by transmitting at least seven
-
- contiguous 1\ bits (with no inserted 0\ bits).
-
- .LP
-
- 2.2.11
-
- \fIInterframe time fill\fR
-
- .LP
-
- Interframe time fill is accomplished by transmitting contiguous
-
- flags between frames, i.e.\ multiple eight\(hybit flag sequences (see
-
- \(sc\ 2.2.2).
-
- .LP
-
- 2.2.12
-
- \fILink channel states\fR
-
- .LP
-
- A link channel as defined here is the means for transmission for
-
- one direction.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.2.12.1
-
- \fIActive channel state\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The DCE incoming or outgoing channel is defined to be in an active condition
- when it is receiving or transmitting, respectively, a frame, an
-
- abortion sequence or interframe time fill.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.2.12.2
-
- \fIIdle channel state\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The DCE incoming or outgoing channel is defined to be in an idle
-
- condition when it is receiving or transmitting, respectively, a continuous\
- 1s state for a period of at least 15\ bit times.
-
- .LP
-
- See \(sc\ 2.3.5.5 for a description of DCE action when an idle condition
- exists on its incoming channel for an excessive period of time.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- 2.3
-
- \fILAPB elements of procedures\fR
-
- .LP
-
- 2.3.1
-
- The LAPB elements of procedures are defined in terms of actions
-
- that occur on receipt of frames at the DCE or\ DTE.
-
- .LP
-
- The elements of procedures specified below contain the selection
-
- of commands and responses relevant to the LAPB data link and system
-
- configurations
-
- described in \(sc\ 2.1 above. Together, \(sc\(sc\ 2.2 and 2.3 form the general
-
- requirements for the proper management of a LAPB access data link.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- 2.3.2
-
- \fILAPB control field formats and parameters\fR
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- 2.3.2.1
-
- \fIControl field formats\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The control field contains a command or a response, and sequence
-
- numbers where applicable.
-
- .LP
-
- Three types of control field formats are used to perform numbered
-
- information transfer (I\ format), numbered supervisory functions (S\ format)
- and unnumbered control functions (U\ format).
-
- .LP
-
- The control field formats for basic (modulo\ 8) operation are depicted
- in Table\ 3/X.25.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- The control field formats for extended (modulo 128) operation are
-
- depicted in Table\ 4/X.25.
-
- .LP
-
- .line
-
- \fBTable 3/X.25 [T3.25], p.\fR
-
- .line
-
- \fBTable 4/X.25 [T4/X.25], p.\fR
-
- 2.3.2.1.1
-
- \fIInformation transfer format\fR
-
- \fI \(em I\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The I format is used to perform an information transfer. The
-
- functions of N(S), N(R) and P are independent; i.e.,\ each I\ frame has
- an N(S), an N(R) which may or may not acknowledge additional I\ frames
- received by the
-
- DCE or DTE, and a P\ bit that may be set to\ 0 or\ 1.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.3.2.1.2
-
- \fISupervisory format\fR
-
- \fI \(em S\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The S format is used to perform data link supervisory control
-
- functions such as acknowledge I\ frames, request retransmission of I\ frames,
- and to request a temporary suspension of transmission of I\ frames. The
- functions of N(R) and P/F are independent; i.e.,\ each supervisory frame
- has an N(R) which
-
- may or may not acknowledge additional I\ frames received by the DCE or\
- DTE, and a P/F\ bit that may be set to\ 0 or\ 1.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.3.2.1.3
-
- \fIUnnumbered format\fR
-
- \fI \(em U\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The U format is used to provide additional data link control
-
- functions. This format contains no sequence numbers, but does include a
- P/F\ bit that may be set to\ 0 or\ 1. The unnumbered frames have the same
- control field
-
- length (one octet) in both basic (modulo\ 8) operation and extended (modulo\
- 128) operation.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.3.2.2
-
- \fIControl field parameters\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The various parameters associated with the control field formats
-
- are described below.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.3.2.2.1
-
- \fIModulus\fR
-
- .LP
-
- Each I frame is sequentially numbered and may have the value\ 0
-
- through modulus minus\ 1 (where \*Qmodulus\*U is the modulus of the sequence
-
- numbers). The modulus equals either\ 8 or\ 128 and the sequence numbers cycle
-
- through the entire range.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.3.2.2.2
-
- \fISend state variable\fR
-
- \fI V(S)\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The send state variable V(S) denotes the sequence number of the
-
- next in\(hysequence I\ frame to be transmitted. V(S) can take on the values\ 0
-
- through modulus minus\ 1. The value of V(S) is incremented by\ 1 with each
-
- successive I\ frame transmission, but cannot exceed the N(R) of the last
-
- received\ I or supervisory frame by more than the maximum number of outstanding
- I\ frames\ (\fIk\fR
-
- ). The value of\ k is defined in \(sc\ 2.4.8.6 below.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- 2.3.2.2.3
-
- \fISend sequence number\fR
-
- \fI N(S)\fR
-
- .LP
-
- Only I frames contain N(S), the send sequence number of transmitted I\
- frames. At the time that an in\(hysequence I\ frame is designated for
-
- transmission, the value of N(S) is set equal to the value of the send state
-
- variable\ V(S).
-
- .LP
-
- 2.3.2.2.4
-
- \fIReceive state variable\fR
-
- \fIV(R)\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The receive state variable V(R) denotes the sequence number of the next
- in\(hysequence I\ frame expected to be received. V(R) can take on the values
- 0 through modulus minus\ 1. The value of V(R) is incremented by\ 1 by the
- receipt of an error\(hyfree, in\(hysequence I\ frame whose send sequence
- number N(S) equals
-
- the receive state variable V(R).
-
- .LP
-
- 2.3.2.2.5
-
- \fIReceive sequence number\fR
-
- \fI N(R)\fR
-
- .LP
-
- All I frames and supervisory frames contain N(R), the expected send sequence
- number of the next received I\ frame. At the time that a frame of the above
- types is designated for transmission, the value of N(R) is set equal to
- the current value of the receive state variable V(R). N(R) indicates that
- the DCE or DTE transmitting the N(R) has received correctly all I\ frames
- numbered up to and including N(R)\ \(em\ 1.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.3.2.2.6
-
- \fIPoll/Final bit\fR
-
- \fI P/F\fR
-
- .LP
-
- All frames contain P/F, the Poll/Final bit. In command frames, the P/F
- bit is referred to as the P bit. In response frames, it is referred to
- as the F\ bit.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.3.3
-
- \fIFunctions of the Poll/Final bit\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The Poll bit set to 1 is used by the DCE or DTE to solicit (poll) a response
- from the DTE or DCE, respectively. The Final bit set to\ 1 is used by the
- DCE or DTE to indicate the response frame transmitted by the DTE or DCE,
-
- respectively, as a result of the soliciting (poll) command.
-
- .LP
-
- The use of the P/F bit is described in \(sc\ 2.4.3 below.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.3.4
-
- \fICommands and responses\fR
-
- .LP
-
- For basic (modulo 8) operation, the commands and responses
-
- represented in Table\ 5/X.25 will be supported by the DCE and the\ DTE.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- For extended (modulo 128) operation, the commands and responses
-
- represented in Table\ 6/X.25 will be supported by the DCE and the DTE.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- For purposes of the LAPB procedures, the supervisory function bit encoding
- \*Q11\*U and those encodings of the modifier function bits in
-
- Tables\ 3/X.25 and 4/X.25 not identified in Tables\ 5/X.25 or 6/X.25 are
-
- identified as \*Qundefined or not implemented\*U command and response control
-
- fields.
-
- .LP
-
- The commands and responses in Tables 5/X.25 and 6/X.25 are defined as follows:
-
- .LP
-
- 2.3.4.1
-
- \fIInformation (I)\fR
-
- \fI command\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The function of the information (I) command is to transfer across a data
- link a sequentially numbered frame containing an information field.
-
- .LP
-
- .line
-
- \fBTable 5/X.25 [T5.25], p.\fR
-
- .line
-
- \fBTable 6/X.25 [T6.25], p.\fR
-
- 2.3.4.2
-
- \fIReceive ready (RR)\fR
-
- \fI command and response\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The receive ready (RR) supervisory frame is used by the DCE
-
- or DTE to:
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- 1)
-
- indicate it is ready to receive an I frame; and
-
- .LP
-
- 2)
-
- acknowledge previously received I frames numbered up to and
-
- including N(R)\ \(em\ 1.
-
- .LP
-
- An RR frame may be used to indicate the clearance of a busy
-
- condition that was reported by the earlier transmission of an RNR frame
- by that same station (DCE or\ DTE). In addition to indicating the DCE or
- DTE status, the RR command with the P\ bit set to\ 1 may be used by the
- DCE or DTE to ask for the status of the DTE or DCE, respectively.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.3.4.3
-
- \fIReceive not ready (RNR) command and response\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The receive not ready (RNR) supervisory frame is used by the DCE or DTE
- to indicate a busy condition; i.e.\ temporary inability to accept
-
- additional incoming I\ frames. I\ frames numbered up to and including N(R)\
- \(em\ 1
-
- are acknowledged. I\ frame N(R) and any subsequent I\ frames received, if any,
-
- are not acknowledged; the acceptance status of these I\ frames will be
- indicated in subsequent exchanges.
-
- .LP
-
- In addition to indicating the DCE or DTE status, the RNR command with the
- P bit set to\ 1 may be used by an DCE or DTE to ask for the status of the
-
- DTE or DCE, respectively.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.3.4.4
-
- \fIReject (REJ) command and response\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The reject (REJ) supervisory frame is used by the DCE or DTE to request
- transmission of I\ frames starting with the frame numbered N(R).
-
- I\ frames numbered N(R)\ \(em\ 1 and below are acknowledged. Additional
- I\ frames
-
- pending initial transmission may be transmitted following the retransmitted
-
- I\ frame(s).
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- Only one REJ exception condition for a given direction of information transfer
- may be established at any time. The REJ exception condition is cleared
- (reset) upon the receipt of an I\ frame with an N(S) equal to the N(R)
- of the
-
- REJ\ frame.
-
- .LP
-
- An REJ frame may be used to indicate the clearance of a busy condition
- that was reported by the earlier transmission of an RNR frame by that same
-
- station (DCE or\ DTE). In addition to indicating the DCE or DTE status, the
-
- REJ\ command with the P bit set to\ 1 may be used by the DCE or\ DTE to ask for
-
- the status of the DTE or\ DCE, respectively.
-
- .LP
-
- \fR
-
- 2.3.4.5
-
- \fISet asynchronous balanced mode (SABM)\fR
-
- \fIcommand/\fR
-
- \fISet asynchronous balanced mode extended (SABME)\fR
-
-
-
- \fIcommand (subscription time option)\fR
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- The SABM unnumbered command is used to place the addressed DCE or DTE in
- an asynchronous balanced mode (ABM) information transfer phase where all
- command/response control fields will be one\ octet in length.
-
- .LP
-
- The SABME unnumbered command is used to place the addressed DCE or DTE
- in an asynchronous balanced mode\ (ABM) information transfer phase where
-
- numbered command/response control fields will be two octets in length, and
-
- unnumbered command/response control fields will be one octet in length.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- No information field is permitted with the SABM or SABME command. The transmission
- of a SABM/SABME command indicates the clearance of a busy
-
- condition that was reported by the earlier trans
-
- mission\ of an RNR\ frame by that
-
- same station (DCE or\ DTE). The DCE or DTE confirms acceptance of SABM/SABME
-
- [modulo\ 8 (basic) operation/modulo\ 128 (extended) operation] command by the
-
- transmission, at the first opportunity, of a UA\ response. Upon acceptance of
-
- this command, the DCE or DTE send state variable\ V(S) and receive state
-
- variable V(R) are set to\ 0.
-
- .LP
-
- Previously transmitted I\ frames that are unacknowledged when this
-
- command is actioned remain unac
-
- knowledged.\ It is the responsibility of a
-
- higher layer (e.g.\ Packet Layer or MLP) to recover from the possible loss of
-
- the contents (e.g.\ packets) of such I\ frames.
-
- .LP
-
- \fINote\fR
-
- \ \(em\ The mode of operation of a data link [basic (modulo 8) or
-
- extended (modulo\ 128)] is determined at subscription time and is only
- changed by going through a new subscription process.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.3.4.6
-
- \fIDisconnect (DISC)\fR
-
- \fI command\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The DISC unnumbered command is used to terminate the mode
-
- previously set. It is used to inform the DCE or DTE receiving the DISC
- command that the DTE or DCE sending the DISC command is suspending operation.
- No
-
- information field is permitted with the DISC command. Prior to actioning the
-
- DISC command, the DCE or DTE receiving the DISC command confirms the acceptance
- of the DISC command by the transmission of a UA response. The DTE or DCE
-
- sending the DISC command enters the disconnected phase when it receives the
-
- acknowledging UA response.
-
- .LP
-
- Previously transmitted I frames that are unacknowledged when this
-
- command is actioned remain unacknowledged. It is the responsibility of
- a higher layer (e.g.\ Packet Layer or MLP) to recover from the possible
- loss of the
-
- contents (e.g.,\ packets) of such I frames.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.3.4.7
-
- \fIUnnumbered acknowledgement (UA)\fR
-
- \fI response\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The UA unnumbered response is used by the DCE or DTE to acknowledge the
- receipt and acceptance of the mode\(hysetting commands. Received mode\(hysetting
- commands are not actioned until the UA response is transmitted. The
-
- transmission of a UA response indicates the clearance of a busy condition
- that was reported by the earlier transmission of an RNR frame by that same
- station (DCE or DTE). No information field is permitted with the UA response.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- 2.3.4.8
-
- \fIDisconnected mode (DM)\fR
-
- \fI response\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The DM unnumbered response is used to report a status where the DCE or
- DTE is logically disconnected from the data link, and is in the disconnected
- phase. The DM response may be sent to indicate that the DCE or DTE has
- entered the disconnected phase without benefit of having received a DISC
- command, or, if sent in response to the reception of a mode setting command,
- is sent to
-
- inform the DTE or DCE that the DCE or DTE, respectively, is still in the
-
- disconnected phase and cannot execute the set mode command. No information
-
- field is permitted with the DM response.
-
- .LP
-
- A DCE or DTE in a disconnected phase will monitor received commands
-
- and will react to an SABM/SABME command as outlined in \(sc\ 2.4.4 below,
- and will respond with a DM response with the F bit set to\ 1 to any other
- command
-
- received with the P\ bit set to\ 1.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.3.4.9
-
- \fIFrame reject (FRMR)\fR
-
- \fI response\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The FRMR unnumbered response is used by the DCE or DTE to report an error
- condition not recoverable by retransmission of the identical frame;
-
- i.e.\ at least one of the following conditions, which results from the
- receipt of a valid frame:
-
- .LP
-
- 1)
-
- the receipt of a command or response control field that is
-
- undefined or not implemented;
-
- .LP
-
- 2)
-
- the receipt of an I frame with an information field which
-
- exceeds the maximum established length;
-
- .LP
-
- 3)
-
- the receipt of an invalid N(R); or
-
- .LP
-
- 4)
-
- the receipt of a frame with an information field which is
-
- not permitted or the receipt of a supervisory or unnumbered
-
- frame with incorrect length.
-
- .LP
-
- An undefined or not implemented control field is any of the
-
- control field encodings that are not identified in Tables\ 5/X.25 or\ 6/X.25.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- A valid N(R) must be within the range from the lowest send sequence
-
- number N(S) of the still unacknowledged frame(s) to the current DCE send
- state variable inclusive (or to the current internal variable \fIx\fR
-
- if the DCE is in
-
- the timer recovery condition as described in \(sc\ 2.4.5.9).
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- An information field which immediately follows the control field, and consists
- of\ 3 or 5\ octets [modulo\ 8 (basic) operation or modulo\ 128 (extended)
- operation, respectively], is returned with this response and provides the
-
- reason for the FRMR response. These formats are given in Tables\ 7/X.25
-
- and\ 8/X.25.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.3.5
-
- \fIException condition reporting and recovery\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The error recovery procedures which are available to effect
-
- recovery following the detection/occurrence of an
-
- exception condition
-
- at the Data Link Layer are described below. Exception conditions described
- are those situations which may occur as the result of transmission errors,
- DCE or DTE malfunction, or operational situations.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.3.5.1
-
- \fIBusy condition\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The busy condition results when the DCE or DTE is temporarily
-
- unable to continue to receive I frames due to internal constraints,
-
- e.g.\ receive buffering limitations. In this case an RNR frame is transmitted
-
- from the busy DCE or DTE. I\ frames pending transmission may be transmitted
- from the busy DCE or DTE prior to or following the RNR\ frame.
-
- .LP
-
- An indication that the busy condition has cleared is communicated by the
- transmission of a UA (only in response to a SABM/SABME command), RR, REJ
- or SABM/SABME (modulo\ 8/modulo\ 128) frame.
-
- .LP
-
- .line
-
- \fBTable 7/X.25 [T7.25], p.\fR
-
- .line
-
- \fBTable 8/X.25 [T8.25], p.\fR
-
- 2.3.5.2
-
- \fIN(S) sequence error condition\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The information field of all I frames received whose N(S) does not equal
- the receive state variable V(R) will be discarded.
-
- .LP
-
- An N(S) sequence error exception condition occurs in the receiver when
- an I\ frame received contains an N(S) which is not equal to the receive
- state
-
- variable V(R) at the receiver. The receiver does not acknowledge (increment
- its receive state variable) the I\ frame causing the sequence error, or
- any I\ frame which may follow, until an I\ frame with the correct N(S)
- is received.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- A DCE or DTE which receives one or more valid I frames having sequence
- errors or subsequent supervisory frames (RR, RNR and REJ) shall accept
- the
-
- control information contained in the N(R) field and the P or F bit to perform
- data link control functions; e.g.\ to receive acknowledgement of previously
-
- transmitted I\ frames and to cause the DCE or DTE to respond (P bit set to 1).
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- The means specified in \(sc\(sc\ 2.3.5.2.1 and 2.3.5.2.2 shall be available
- for initiating the retransmission of lost or errored I\ frames following
- the
-
- occurrence of an N(S) sequence error condition.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.3.5.2.1
-
- \fIREJ recovery\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The REJ frame is used by a receiving DCE or DTE to initiate a
-
- recovery (retransmission) following the detection of an N(S) sequence error.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- With respect to each direction of transmission on the data link, only one
- \*Qsent REJ\*U exception condition from a DCE or DTE, to a DTE or DCE,
- is
-
- established at a time. A \*Qsent REJ\*U exception condition is cleared when the
-
- requested I\ frame is received.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- A DCE or DTE receiving a REJ frame initiates sequential
-
- (re\(hy)transmission of I\ frames starting with the I\ frame indicated
- by the N(R) contained in the REJ frame. The retransmitted frames may contain
- an N(R) and a P bit that are updated from, and therefore different from,
- the ones contained in the originally transmitted I\ frames.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.3.5.2.2
-
- \fITime\(hyout recovery\fR
-
- .LP
-
- If a DCE or DTE, due to a transmission error, does not receive (or receives
- and discards) a single I\ frame or the last I\ frame(s) in a sequence of
- I\ frames, it will not detect an N(S) sequence error condition and, therefore,
- will not transmit a REJ frame. The DTE or DCE which transmitted the
-
- unacknowledged I\ frame(s) shall, following the completion of a system
- specified time\(hyout period (see \(sc\(sc\ 2.4.5.1 and 2.4.5.9 below),
- take appropriate recovery action to determine at which I\ frame retransmission
- must begin. The
-
- retransmitted frame(s) may contain an N(R) and a P bit that is updated from,
-
- and therefore different from, the ones contained in the originally transmitted
- frame(s).
-
- .LP
-
- 2.3.5.3
-
- \fIInvalid frame\fR
-
- \fI condition\fR
-
- .LP
-
- Any frame which is invalid will be discarded, and no action is
-
- taken as the result of that frame. An invalid frame is defined as one
-
- which:
-
- .LP
-
- a)
-
- is not properly bounded by two flags;
-
- .LP
-
- b)
-
- in basic (modulo 8) operation, contains fewer than 32 bits
-
- between flags; in extended (modulo\ 128) operation, contains
-
- fewer than 40\ bits between flags of frames that contain sequence
-
- numbers or 32\ bits between flags of frames that do not contain
-
- sequence numbers;
-
- .LP
-
- c)
-
- contains a Frame Check Sequence (FCS) error; or
-
- .LP
-
- d)
-
- contains an address other than A or B (for single link
-
- operation) or other than C or D (for multilink operation).
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- For those networks that are octet aligned, a detection of
-
- non\(hyoctet alignment may be made at the Data Link Layer by adding a frame
-
- validity check that requires the number of bits between the opening flag and
-
- the closing flag, excluding bits inserted for transparency, to be an integral
- number of octets in length, or the frame is considered invalid.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.3.5.4
-
- \fIFrame rejection\fR
-
- \fI condition\fR
-
- .LP
-
- A frame rejection condition is established upon the receipt of an error\(hyfree
- frame with one of the conditions listed in \(sc\ 2.3.4.9 above.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- At the DCE or DTE, this frame rejection exception condition is
-
- reported by an FRMR response for appropriate DTE or DCE action, respectively.
- Once a DCE has established such an exception condition, no additional I\
- frames are accepted until the condition is reset by the DTE, except for
- examination of the P bit. The FRMR response may be repeated at each opportunity,
- as specified in \(sc\ 2.4.7.3, until recovery is effected by the DTE, or
- until the DCE initiates its own recovery in case the DTE does not respond.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.3.5.5
-
- \fIExcessive idle channel state condition on incoming\fR
-
-
-
- \fIchannel\fR
-
- .LP
-
- Upon detection of an idle channel state condition (see \(sc\ 2.2.12.2 above)
- on the incoming channel, the DCE shall wait for a period\ T3 (see
-
- \(sc\ 2.4.8.3 below) without taking any specific action, waiting for detection
- of a return to the active channel state (i.e.,\ detection of at least one
- flag
-
- sequence). After the period\ T3, the DCE shall notify the higher layer
- (e.g.\ the Packet Layer or the MLP) of the excessive idle channel state
- condition, but
-
- shall not take any action that would preclude the DTE from establishing the
-
- data link by normal data link set\(hyup procedures.
-
- .LP
-
- \fINote\fR
-
- \ \(em\ Other actions to be taken by the DCE at the Data Link Layer upon
- expiration of period\ T3 is a subject for further study.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- 2.4
-
- \fIDescription of the \fR
-
- \fILAPB procedure\fR
-
- .LP
-
- 2.4.1
-
- \fILAPB basic and extended modes of operation\fR
-
- .LP
-
- In accordance with the system choice made by the DTE at
-
- subscription time, the DCE will either support modulo\ 8 (basic) operation or
-
- will support modulo\ 128 (extended) operation. Changing from basic operation
- to extended operation, or vice versa, in the DCE requires resubscription
- by the
-
- DTE for the desired service, and is not supported dynamically.
-
- .LP
-
- Table 5/X.25 indicates the command and response control field formats used
- with the basic (modulo\ 8) service. The mode\(hysetting command employed
- to
-
- initialize (set up) or reset the basic mode is the SABM command. Table
- 6/X.25 indicates the command and response control field formats used with
- the extended (modulo\ 128) service. The mode\(hysetting command employed
- to initialize (set up) or reset the extended mode is the SABME command.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.4.2
-
- \fILAPB procedure for addressing\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The address field identifies a frame as either a command or a
-
- response. A command frame contains the address of the DCE or DTE to which
- the command is being sent. A response frame contains the address of the
- DCE or DTE sending the frame.
-
- .LP
-
- In order to allow differentiation between single link operation and
-
- the optional multilink operation for diagnostic and/or maintenance reasons,
-
- different address pair encodings are assigned to data links operating with
-
- multilink procedure compared to data links operating with the single link
-
- procedure.
-
- .LP
-
- Frames containing commands transferred from the DCE to the DTE will
-
- contain the address\ A for the single link operation and address\ C for the
-
- multilink operation.
-
- .LP
-
- Frames containing responses transferred from the DCE to the DTE will contain
- the address\ B for the single link operation and address\ D for the
-
- multilink operation.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- Frames containing commands transferred from the DTE to the DCE shall contain
- the address\ B for the single link operation and address\ D for the
-
- multilink operation.
-
- .LP
-
- Frames containing responses transferred from the DTE to the DCE shall contain
- the address\ A for the single link operation and address\ C for the
-
- multilink operation.
-
- .LP
-
- These addresses are coded as follows:
-
- .LP
-
- Address
-
- 1\ 2\ 3\ 4\ 5\ 6\ 7\ 8
-
- .LP
-
- Single link operation
-
- \ \ A
-
- 1\ 1\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0
-
- .line
-
- \ \ B
-
- 1\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0
-
- .LP
-
- Multilink operation
-
- \ \ C
-
- 1\ 1\ 1\ 1\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0
-
- .line
-
- \ \ D
-
- 1\ 1\ 1\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0
-
- .LP
-
- \fINote\fR
-
- \ \(em\ The DCE will discard all frames received with an address other
- than\ A or\ B (single link operation), or\ C or\ D (multilink operation).
-
- .LP
-
- 2.4.3
-
- \fILAPB procedure for the use of the P/F bit\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The DCE or DTE receiving an SABM/SABME, DISC, supervisory command or I\
- frame with the P\ bit set to\ 1 will set the F\ bit to\ 1 in the next response
- frame it transmits.
-
- .LP
-
- The response frame returned by the DCE to an SABM/SABME or DISC
-
- command with the P\ bit set to\ 1 will be a UA or DM response with the
- F\ bit set to\ 1. The response frame returned by the DCE to an I\ frame
- with the P\ bit set to\ 1, received during the information transfer phase,
- will be an RR, REJ, RNR or FRMR response with the F\ bit set to\ 1. The
- response frame returned by the
-
- DCE to a supervisory command with the P\ bit set to\ 1, received during the
-
- information transfer phase, will be an RR, REJ, RNR or FRMR response with
- the F\ bit set to\ 1. The response frame returned by the DCE to an I\ frame
- or
-
- supervisory frame with the P\ bit set to\ 1, received during the disconnected
-
- phase, will be a DM response with the F\ bit set to\ 1.
-
- .LP
-
- The P bit may be used by the DCE in conjunction with the timer
-
- recovery condition (see \(sc\ 2.4.5.9 below).
-
- .LP
-
- \fINote\fR
-
- \ \(em\ Other use of the P bit by the DCE is a subject for further
-
- study.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.4.4
-
- \fILAPB procedure for data link set\(hyup and disconnection\fR
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- 2.4.4.1
-
- \fIData link set\(hyup\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The DCE will indicate that it is able to set up the data link by
-
- transmitting contiguous flags (active channel state).
-
- .LP
-
- Either the DTE or the DCE may initiate data link set\(hyup. Prior to
-
- initiation of data link set\(hyup, either the DCE or the DTE may initiate data
-
- link
-
- disconnection (see \(sc\ 2.4.4.3) for the purpose of insuring that the
- DCE and the DTE are in the same phase. The DCE may also transmit an unsolicited
- DM response to request the DTE to initiate data link set\(hyup.
-
- .LP
-
- The DTE shall initiate data link set\(hyup by transmitting an SABM/SABME
- command to the DCE. If, upon receipt of the SABM/SABME command correctly,
- the DCE determines that it can enter the information transfer phase, it
- will return a UA response to the DTE, will reset its send and receive state
- variables V(S) and V(R) to zero, and will consider that the data link is
- set up. If, upon
-
- receipt
-
- of the SABM/SABME command correctly, the DCE determines that it cannot enter
-
- the information transfer phase, it will return a DM response to the DTE as a
-
- denial to the data link set\(hyup initialization and will consider that the
-
- data link is
-
- \fInot\fR
-
- set up. In order to avoid misinterpretation of the DM response received,
- it is suggested that the DTE always sends its SABM/SABME command with the
- P\ bit set to\ 1. Otherwise, it is not possible to differentiate a DM response
- intended as a denial to data link set\(hyup from a DM response that is
- issued in a separate unsolicited sense as a request for a mode\(hysetting
- command (as described
-
- in\ \(sc\ 2.4.4.4.2).
-
- .LP
-
- The DCE will initiate data link set\(hyup by transmitting an SABM/SABME
- command to the DTE and starting its Timer\ T1 in order to determine when
- too
-
- much time has elapsed waiting for a reply (see \(sc\ 2.4.8.1 below). Upon
- reception of a UA response from the DTE, the DCE will reset its send and
- receive state
-
- variables\ V(S) and\ V(R) to zero, will stop its Timer\ T1, and will consider
- that the data link is set up. Upon reception of a DM response from the
- DTE as a
-
- denial
-
- to the data link set\(hyup initialization, the DCE will stop its Timer\
- T1 and will consider that the data link is \fInot\fR
-
- set up.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- The DCE, having sent the SABM/SABME command, will ignore and discard any
- frames except an SABM/SABME or DISC command, or a UA or DM response
-
- received from the DTE. The receipt of an SABM/SABME or DISC command from the
-
- DTE will result in a collision situation that is resolved per \(sc\ 2.4.4.5
- below. Frames other than the UA and DM responses sent in response to a
- received
-
- SABM/SABME or DISC command will be sent only after the data link is set
- up and if no outstanding SABM/SABME command exists.
-
- .LP
-
- After the DCE sends the SABM/SABME command, if a UA or DM response is not
- received correctly, Timer\ T1 will run out in the DCE. The DCE will then
-
- resend the SABM/SABME command and will restart Timer\ T1. After transmission
- of the SABM/SABME command N2 times by the DCE, appropriate higher layer
- recovery action will be initiated. The value of N2 is defined in \(sc\
- 2.4.8.4 below.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.4.4.2
-
- \fIInformation transfer phase\fR
-
- .LP
-
- After having transmitted the UA response to the SABM/SABME command or having
- received the UA response to a transmitted SABM/SABME command, the DCE will
- accept and transmit I and supervisory frames according to the procedures
- described in \(sc\ 2.4.5 below.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- When receiving the SABM/SABME command while in the information
-
- transfer phase, the DCE will conform to the data link resetting procedure
-
- described in \(sc\ 2.4.7 below.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.4.4.3
-
- \fIData link disconnection\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The DTE shall initiate a disconnect of the data link by
-
- transmitting a DISC command to the DCE. On correctly receiving a DISC command
- in the information transfer phase, the DCE will send a UA response and
- enter
-
- the disconnected phase. On correctly receiving a DISC command in the
-
- disconnected phase, the DCE will send a DM response and remain in the
-
- disconnected phase. In order to avoid misinterpretation of the DM response
-
- received, it is suggested that the DTE always sends its DISC command with
- the P\ bit set to\ 1. Otherwise, it is not possible to differentiate a
- DM response
-
- intended as an indication that the DCE is already in the disconnected phase
-
- from a DM response that is issued in a separate unsolicited sense as a
- request for a mode\(hysetting command (as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.4.2).
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- The DCE will initiate a disconnect of the data link by transmitting a DISC
- command to the DTE and starting its Timer\ T1 (see \(sc\ 2.4.8.1 below).
- Upon reception of an UA response from the DTE, the DCE will stop its Timer\
- T1 and
-
- will enter the disconnected phase. Upon reception of a DM response from
- the DTE as an indication that the DTE was already in the disconnected phase,
- the DCE
-
- will stop its Timer\ T1 and will enter the disconnected phase.
-
- .LP
-
- The DCE, having sent the DISC command, will ignore and discard any
-
- frames except an SABM/SABME or DISC command, or a UA or DM response received
-
- from the DTE. The receipt of an SABM/SABME or DISC command from the DTE will
-
- result in a collision situation that is resolved per \(sc\ 2.4.4.5 below.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- After the DCE sends the DISC command, if a UA or DM response is not
-
- received correctly, Timer\ T1 will run out in the DCE. The DCE will then
- resend the DISC command and will restart Timer\ T1. After transmission
- of the DISC
-
- command N2 times by the DCE, appropriate higher layer recovery action will
- be initiated. The value of N2 is defined in \(sc\ 2.4.8.4 below.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.4.4.4
-
- \fIDisconnected phase\fR
-
- .LP
-
- 2.4.4.4.1
-
- After having received a DISC command from the DTE and
-
- returned a UA response to the DTE, or having received the UA response to a
-
- transmitted DISC command, the DCE will enter the disconnected phase.
-
- .LP
-
- In the disconnected phase, the DCE may initiate data link set\(hyup. In
- the disconnected phase, the DCE will react to the receipt of an SABM/SABME
- command as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1 above and will transmit a DM response
- in
-
- answer to a received DISC command. When receiving any other command (defined,
- or undefined or not implemented) with the P\ bit set to\ 1, the DCE will
- transmit a DM response with the F\ bit set to\ 1. Other frames received
- in the
-
- disconnected phase will be ignored by the DCE.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.4.4.4.2
-
- When the DCE enters the disconnected phase after
-
- detecting error conditions as listed in \(sc\ 2.4.6 below, or after an internal
-
- malfunction, it may indicate this by sending a DM response rather than
- a DISC command. In these cases, the DCE will transmit a DM response and
- start its
-
- Timer\ T1 (see \(sc\ 2.4.8.1 below).
-
- .LP
-
- If Timer T1 runs out before the reception of an SABM/SABME or DISC command
- from the DTE, the DCE will retransmit the DM response and restart
-
- Timer\ T1. After transmission of the DM response N2 times, the DCE will
- remain in the disconnected phase and appropriate recovery actions will
- be initiated. The value of N2 is defined in \(sc\ 2.4.8.4 below.
-
- .LP
-
- Alternatively, after an internal malfunction, the DCE may either
-
- initiate a data link resetting procedure (see \(sc\ 2.4.7 below) or disconnect
- the data link (see \(sc\ 2.4.4.3 above) prior to initiating a data link
- set\(hyup
-
- procedure (see \(sc\ 2.4.4.1 above).
-
- .LP
-
- 2.4.4.5
-
- \fICollision of unnumbered commands\fR
-
- .LP
-
- Collision situations shall be resolved in the following way:
-
- .LP
-
- 2.4.4.5.1
-
- If the sent and received unnumbered commands are the
-
- same, the DCE and the DTE shall each send the UA response at the earliest
-
- possible opportunity. The DCE shall enter the indicated phase either,
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- 1)
-
- after receiving the UA response,
-
- .LP
-
- 2)
-
- after sending the UA response, or
-
- .LP
-
- 3)
-
- after timing out waiting for the UA response having sent a
-
- UA response.
-
- .LP
-
- In the case of 2) above, the DCE will accept a subsequent UA
-
- response to the mode\(hysetting command it issued without causing an exception
-
- condition if received within the time\(hyout interval.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- 2.4.4.5.2
-
- If the sent and received unnumbered commands are
-
- different, the DCE and the DTE shall each enter the disconnected phase and
-
- issue a DM response at the earliest possible opportunity.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.4.4.6
-
- \fICollision of DM response with SABM/SABME or DISC\fR
-
-
-
- \fIcommand\fR
-
- .LP
-
- When a DM response is issued by the DCE or DTE as an unsolicited
-
- response to request the DTE or DCE, respectively, to issue a mode\(hysetting
-
- command as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.4, a collision between an SABM/SABME
- or DISC
-
- command and the unsolicited DM response may occur. In order to avoid
-
- misinterpretation of the DM response received, the DTE always sends its
-
- SABM/SABME or DISC command with the P\ bit set to\ 1.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.4.4.7
-
- \fICollision of DM responses\fR
-
- .LP
-
- A contention situation may occur when both the DCE and the DTE
-
- issue a DM response to request a mode\(hysetting command. In this case, the DTE
-
- will issue an SABM/SABME command to resolve the contention situation.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- 2.4.5
-
- \fILAPB procedures for information transfer\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The procedures which apply to the transmission of I\ frames in each direction
- during the information transfer phase are described below.
-
- .LP
-
- In the following, \*Qnumber one higher\*U is in reference to a
-
- continuously repeated sequence series, i.e., 7 is 1\ higher than 6 and 0 is
-
- 1\ higher than 7 for modulo\ 8 series, and 127 is 1\ higher than 126 and 0 is
-
- 1\ higher than 127 for modulo\ 128 series.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.4.5.1
-
- \fISending I frames\fR
-
- .LP
-
- When the DCE has an I frame to transmit (i.e. an I frame not
-
- already transmitted, or having to be retransmitted as described in \(sc\
- 2.4.5.6
-
- below), it will transmit it with an N(S) equal to its current send state
-
- variable V(S), and an N(R) equal to its current receive state variable
- V(R). At the end of the transmission of the I\ frame, the DCE will increment
- its send
-
- state variable V(S) by\ 1.
-
- .LP
-
- If Timer T1 is not running at the time of transmission of an I frame, it
- will be started.
-
- .LP
-
- If the send state variable V(S) is equal to the last value of N(R)
-
- received plus \fIk\fR
-
- (where \fIk\fR
-
- is the maximum number of outstanding I\ frames \(em
-
- see \(sc\ 2.4.8.6 below), the DCE will not transmit any new I\ frames, but may
-
- retransmit an I\ frame as described in \(sc\(sc\ 2.4.5.6 or 2.4.5.9 below.
-
- .LP
-
- When the DCE is in the busy condition, it may still transmit I frames,
- provided that the DTE is not busy. When the DCE is in the frame rejection
-
- condition, it will stop transmitting I\ frames.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.4.5.2
-
- \fIReceiving an I frame\fR
-
- .LP
-
- 2.4.5.2.1
-
- When the DCE is not in a busy condition and receives a valid I\ frame whose
- send sequence number N(S) is equal to the DCE receive state
-
- variable V(R), the DCE will accept the information field of this frame,
-
- increment by one its receive state variable V(R), and act as follows:
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- a)
-
- If the DCE is still not in a busy condition:
-
- .LP
-
- i)
-
- If an I frame is available for transmission by the
-
- DCE, it may act as in \(sc\ 2.4.5.1 above and acknowledge
-
- the received I frame by setting N(R) in the control field
-
- of the next transmitted I\ frame to the value of the DCE
-
- receive state variable V(R). Alternatively, the DCE may
-
- acknowledge the received I\ frame by transmitting an RR
-
- frame with the N(R) equal to the value of the DCE receive
-
- state variable V(R).
-
- .LP
-
- ii)
-
- If no I frame is available for transmission by the
-
- DCE, it will transmit an RR frame with N(R) equal to the
-
- value of the DCE receive state variable V(R).
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- b)
-
- If the DCE is now in a busy condition, it will transmit an
-
- RNR frame with N(R) equal to the value of the DCE receive
-
- state variable V(R) (see \(sc\ 2.4.5.8).
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- 2.4.5.2.2
-
- When the DCE is in a busy condition, it may ignore the
-
- information field contained in any received I\ frame.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.4.5.3
-
- \fIReception of invalid frames\fR
-
- .LP
-
- When the DCE receives an invalid frame (see \(sc\ 2.3.5.3), this frame
- will be discarded.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.4.5.4
-
- \fIReception of out\(hyof\(hysequence I frames\fR
-
- .LP
-
- When the DCE receives a valid I frame whose send sequence number
-
- N(S) is incorrect, i.e.,\ not equal to the current DCE receive state variable
-
- V(R), it will discard the information field of the I\ frame and transmit
- an REJ frame with the N(R) set to one higher than the N(S) of the last
- correctly
-
- received I\ frame. The REJ frame will be a command frame with the P\ bit
- set to\ 1 if an acknowledged transfer of the retransmission request is
- required;
-
- otherwise the REJ frame may be either a command or a response frame. The DCE
-
- will then discard the information field of all I\ frames received until the
-
- expected I\ frame is correctly received. When receiving the expected I\ frame,
-
- the DCE will then acknowledge the I\ frame as described in \(sc\ 2.4.5.2
- above. The DCE will use the N(R) and P\ bit information in the discarded
- I\ frames as
-
- described in \(sc\ 2.3.5.2 above.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.4.5.5
-
- \fIReceiving acknowledgement\fR
-
- .LP
-
- When correctly receiving an I frame or a supervisory frame (RR, RNR or
- REJ), even in the busy condition, the DCE will consider the N(R) contained
- in this frame as an acknowledgement for all I\ frames it has transmitted
- with an N(S) up to and including the received N(R)\(em1. The DCE will stop
- Timer\ T1 when it correctly receives an I\ frame or a supervisory frame
- with the N(R) higher
-
- than the last received N(R) (actually acknowledging some I\ frames), or
- an REJ frame with an N(R) equal to the last received N(R).
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- If Timer T1 has been stopped by the receipt on an I, RR or RNR frame, and
- if there are outstanding I\ frames still unacknowledged, the DCE will
-
- restart Timer\ T1. If Timer\ T1 then runs out, the DCE will follow the
- recovery procedure (\(sc\ 2.4.5.9 below) with respect to the unacknowledged
- I\ frames. If
-
- Timer\ T1 has been stopped by the receipt of an REJ frame, the DCE will
- follow the retransmission procedures in \(sc\ 2.4.5.6 below.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.4.5.6
-
- \fIReceiving an REJ frame\fR
-
- .LP
-
- When receiving an REJ frame, the DCE will set its send state
-
- variable V(S) to the N(R) received in the REJ control field. It will transmit
- the corresponding I\ frame as soon as it is available or retransmit it
- in
-
- accordance with the procedures described in \(sc\ 2.4.5.1 above. (Re)transmission
- will conform to the following procedure:
-
- .LP
-
- i)
-
- if the DCE is transmitting a supervisory command or response
-
- when it receives the REJ frame, it will complete that
-
- transmission before commencing transmission of the requested
-
- I\ frame;
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- ii)
-
- if the DCE is transmitting an unnumbered command or
-
- response when it receives the REJ frame, it will ignore the
-
- request for retransmission;
-
- .LP
-
- iii)
-
- if the DCE is transmitting an I frame when the REJ frame
-
- is received, it may abort the I\ frame and commence transmission
-
- of the requested I\ frame immediately after abortion;
-
- .LP
-
- iv)
-
- if the DCE is not transmitting any frame when the REJ frame
-
- is received, it will commence transmission of the requested
-
- I\ frame immediately.
-
- .LP
-
- In all cases, if other unacknowledged I frames had already been
-
- transmitted following the one indicated in the REJ frame, then those I
- frames will be retransmitted by the DCE following the retransmission of
- the requested I\ frame. Other I\ frames not yet transmitted may be transmitted
- following the
-
- retransmitted I\ frames.
-
- .LP
-
- If the REJ frame was received from the DTE as a command with the P bit
- set to\ 1, the DCE will transmit an RR, RNR or REJ response with the F
- bit set to\ 1 before transmitting or retransmitting the corresponding I\
- frame.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.4.5.7
-
- \fIReceiving an RNR frame\fR
-
- .LP
-
- After receiving an RNR frame whose N(R) acknowledges all frames
-
- previously transmitted, the DCE will stop Timer\ T1 and may then transmit
-
- an I\ frame, with the P\ bit set to\ 0, whose send sequence number is
-
- equal to the N(R) indicated in the RNR frame, restarting Timer\ T1 as it
- does. After receiving an RNR frame whose N(R) indicates a previously transmitted
-
- frame, the DCE will not transmit or retransmit any I\ frame, Timer\ T1 being
-
- already running. In either case, if the Timer\ T1 runs out before receipt
- of a busy clearance indication, the DCE will follow the procedure described
- in
-
- \(sc\ 2.4.5.9\ below. In any case, the DCE will not transmit any other
- I\ frames
-
- before receiving an RR or REJ frame, or before the completion of a link
-
- resetting procedure.
-
- .LP
-
- Alternatively, after receiving an RNR frame, the DCE may wait for a
-
- period of time (e.g.,\ the length of the Timer\ T1) and then transmit a
-
- supervisory command frame (RR, RNR or REJ) with the P\ bit set to\ 1, and
- start Timer\ T1, in order to determine if there is any change in the receive
- status of the DTE. The DTE shall respond to the P\ bit set to\ 1 with a
- supervisory
-
- response frame (RR, RNR or REJ) with the F\ bit set to\ 1 indicating either
-
- continuance of the busy condition (RNR) or clearance of the busy condition
- (RR or REJ). Upon receipt of the DTE response, Timer\ T1 is stopped.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- 1)
-
- If the response is the RR or REJ response, the busy
-
- condition is cleared and the DCE may transmit I\ frames beginning
-
- with the I\ frame identified by the N(R) in the received response
-
- frame.
-
- .LP
-
- 2)
-
- If the response is the RNR response, the busy condition
-
- still exists, and the DCE will after a period of time (e.g.\ the
-
- length of Timer\ T1) repeat the enquiry of the DTE receive
-
- status.
-
- .LP
-
- If Timer T1 runs out before a status response is received, the
-
- enquiry process above is repeated. If N2 attempts to get a status response
- fail (i.e.\ Timer\ T1 runs out N2\ times), the DCE will initiate a data
- link resetting procedure as described in \(sc\ 2.4.7.2\ below or will transmit
- a DM response to ask the DTE to initiate a data link set\(hyup procedure
- as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1 and enter the disconnected phase. The value
- of N2 is defined in \(sc\ 2.4.8.4\ below.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- If, at any time during the enquiry process, an unsolicited RR or REJ frame
- is received from the DTE, it will be considered to be an indication of
-
- clearance of the busy condition. Should the unsolicited RR or REJ frame be a
-
- command frame with the P bit set to\ 1, the appropriate response frame
- with the F\ bit set to 1 must be transmitted before the DCE may resume
- transmission of
-
- I\ frames. If Timer\ T1 is running, the DCE will wait for the non\(hybusy
- response with the F bit set to\ 1 or will wait for Timer\ T1 to run out
- and then either
-
- may reinitiate the enquiry process in order to realize a successful P/F bit
-
- exchange or may resume transmission of I frames beginning with the I\ frame
-
- identified by the N(R) in the received RR or REJ frame.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.4.5.8
-
- \fIDCE busy condition\fR
-
- .LP
-
- When the DCE enters a busy condition, it will transmit an RNR frame at
- the earliest opportunity. The RNR frame will be a command frame with the
- P bit set to\ 1 if an acknowledged transfer of the busy condition indication
- is
-
- required; otherwise the RNR frame may be either a command or a response
- frame. While in the busy condition, the DCE will accept and process supervisory
-
- frames, will accept and process the contents of the N(R) fields of I\ frames,
-
- and will return an RNR response with the F bit set to\ 1 if it receives a
-
- supervisory command or I command frame with the P bit set to\ 1. To clear the
-
- busy condition, the DCE will transmit either an REJ frame or an RR frame, with
-
- N(R) set to the current receive state variable V(R), depending on whether or
-
- not it discarded information fields of correctly received I\ frames. The REJ
-
- frame or the RR frame will be a command frame with the P bit set to\ 1 if an
-
- acknowledged transfer of the busy\(hyto\(hynon\(hybusy transition is required,
- otherwise the REJ frame or the RR frame may be either a command or a response
- frame.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- 2.4.5.9
-
- \fIWaiting acknowledgement\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The DCE maintains an internal transmission attempt variable which is set
- to\ 0 when the DCE sends a UA response, when the DCE receives a UA
-
- response or an RNR command or response, or when the DCE correctly receives
- an I\ frame or supervisory frame with the N(R) higher than the last received
- N(R) (actually acknowledging some outstanding I\ frames).
-
- .LP
-
- If Timer T1 runs out waiting for the acknowledgement from the DTE for an
- I\ frame transmitted, the DCE will enter the timer recovery condition,
- add
-
- one to its transmission attempt variable and set an internal variable \fIx\fR
-
- to
-
- the current value of its send state variable V(S). The DCE will then restart
-
- Timer T1, set its send state variable V(S) to the last value of N(R) received
- from the DTE and retransmit the corresponding I\ frame with the P bit set
- to\ 1, or transmit an appropriate supervisory command frame (RR, RNR or
- REJ) with the P\ bit set to\ 1.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- The timer recovery condition is cleared when the DCE receives a valid supervisory
- frame with the F\ bit\ set to\ 1.
-
- .LP
-
- If, while in the timer recovery condition, the DCE correctly receives a
- supervisory frame with the F bit set to\ 1 and with the N(R) within the
- range from its current send state variable V(S) to \fIx\fR
-
- included, it will clear the
-
- timer recovery condition (including stopping Timer\ T1) and set its send
- state variable V(S) to the value of the received N(R), and may then resume
- with
-
- I\ frame transmission or retransmission, as appropriate.
-
- .LP
-
- If, while in the timer recovery condition, the DCE correctly receives an
- I or supervisory frame with the P/F bit set to\ 0 and with a valid N(R)
- (see \(sc\ 2.3.4.9), it will not clear the timer recovery condition. The
- value of the
-
- received N(R) may be used to update the send state variable V(S). However,
- the DCE may decide to keep the last transmitted I\ frame in store (even
- if it is
-
- acknowledged) in order to be able to retransmit it with the P bit set to\
- 1 when Timer\ T1 runs out at a later time.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- If the received supervisory frame with the P/F bit set to\ 0 is an REJ
- frame with a valid N(R), the DCE may either immediately initiate
-
- (re)transmission from the value of the send state variable V(S), or it may
-
- ignore the request for retransmission and wait until the supervisory frame
- with the F bit set to\ 1 is received before initiating (re)transmission
- of frames
-
- from the value identified in the N(R) field of the supervisory frame with
- the F\ bit set to\ 1. In the case of immediate retransmission, in order
- to prevent
-
- duplicate retransmissions following the clearance of the timer recovery
-
- condition, the DCE shall inhibit retransmission of a specific I\ frame [same
-
- N(R) in the same numbering cycle] if the DCE has retransmitted that I\
- frame as the result of a received REJ frame with the P/F bit set to\ 0.
-
- .LP
-
- If, while in the timer recovery condition, the DCE receives a REJ
-
- command with the P bit set to\ 1, the DCE will respond immediately with an
-
- appropriate supervisory response with the F bit set to\ 1. The DCE may
- then use the value of the N(R) in the REJ command to update the send state
- variable
-
- V(S), and may either immediately begin (re)transmission from the value N(R)
-
- indicated in the REJ frame or ignore the request for retransmission and wait
-
- until the supervisory frame with the F bit set to\ 1 is received before
-
- initiating (re)transmission of I\ frames from the value identified in the
- N(R) field of the supervisory frame with the F\ bit set to\ 1. In the case
- of
-
- immediate retransmission, in order to prevent duplicate retransmissions
-
- following the clearance of the timer recovery condition, the DCE shall
- inhibit retransmission of a specific I\ frame [same N(R) in the same numbering
- cycle]
-
- if the DCE has retransmitted that I\ frame as the result of the received REJ
-
- command with the P\ bit set to\ 1.
-
- .LP
-
- If Timer T1 runs out in the timer recovery condition, and no I or
-
- supervisory frame with the P/F bit set to 0 and with a valid N(R) has been
-
- received, or no REJ command with the P bit set to\ 1 and with a valid N(R)
- has been received, the DCE will add one to its transmission attempt variable,
-
- restart Timer\ T1, and either retransmit the I frame sent with the P bit set
-
- to\ 1 or transmit an appropriate supervisory command with the P bit set to\ 1.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- If the transmission attempt variable is equal to N2, the DCE will
-
- initiate a data link resetting procedure as described in \(sc\ 2.4.7.2
- below, or
-
- will transmit a DM response to ask the DTE to initiate a data link set\(hyup
-
- procedure as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1 above and enter the disconnected
- phase. N2 is a system parameter (see \(sc\ 2.4.8.4 below).
-
- .LP
-
- \fINote\fR
-
- \ \(em\ Although the DCE may implement the internal variable \fIx\fR
-
- ,
-
- other mechanisms do exist that achieve the identical function.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.4.6
-
- \fILAPB conditions for \fR
-
- \fIdata link resetting or data link\fR
-
-
-
- \fIre\(hyinitialization\fR
-
- \fI(data link set\(hyup)\fR
-
- .LP
-
- 2.4.6.1
-
- When the DCE receives, during the information transfer phase, a
-
- frame which is not invalid (see \(sc\ 2.3.5.3) with one of the conditions
- listed in \(sc\ 2.3.4.9 above, the DCE will request the DTE to initiate
- a data link resetting procedure by transmitting an FRMR response to the
- DTE as described in
-
- \(sc\ 2.4.7.3.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.4.6.2
-
- When the DCE receives, during the information transfer phase, an FRMR response
- from the DTE, the DCE will either initiate the data link
-
- resetting procedures itself as described in \(sc\ 2.4.7.2 or return a DM
- response to ask the DTE to initiate the data link set\(hyup (initialization)
- procedure as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1. After transmitting a DM response,
- the DCE will enter
-
- the disconnected phase as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.4.2.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.4.6.3
-
- When the DCE receives, during the information transfer phase, a UA response,
- or an unsolicited response with the F bit set to\ 1, the DCE may
-
- either initiate the data link resetting procedures itself as described in
-
- \(sc\ 2.4.7.2, or return a DM response to ask the DTE to initiate the data link
-
- set\(hyup (initialization) procedure as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1. After
- transmitting a DM response, the DCE will enter the disconnected phase as
- described in
-
- \(sc\ 2.4.4.4.2.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.4.6.4
-
- When the DCE receives, during the information transfer phase, a DM response
- from the DTE, the DCE will either initiate the data link set\(hyup
-
- (initialization) procedures itself as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1, or return
- a DM
-
- response to ask the DTE to initiate the data link set\(hyup (initialization)
-
- procedures as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1. After transmitting a DM response,
- the DCE will enter the disconnected phase as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.4.2.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- 2.4.7
-
- \fILAPB procedure for data link resetting\fR
-
- .LP
-
- 2.4.7.1
-
- The data link resetting procedure is used to initialize both
-
- directions of information transfer according to the procedure described
- below. The data link resetting procedure only applies during the information
- transfer phase.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.4.7.2
-
- Either the DTE or the DCE may initiate the data link resetting
-
- procedure. The data link resetting procedure indicates a clearance of a DCE
-
- and/or DTE busy condition, if present.
-
- .LP
-
- The DTE shall initiate a data link resetting by transmitting an
-
- SABM/SABME command to the DCE. If, upon correct receipt of the SABM/SABME
-
- command, the DCE determines that it can continue in the information transfer
-
- phase, it will return a UA response to the DTE, will reset its send and
- receive state variables V(S) and V(R) to zero, and will remain in the information
-
- transfer phase. If, upon correct receipt of the SABM/SABME command, the DCE
-
- determines that it cannot remain in the information transfer phase, it will
-
- return a DM response as a denial to the resetting request and will enter the
-
- disconnected phase.
-
- .LP
-
- The DCE will initiate a data link resetting by transmitting an
-
- SABM/SABME command to the DTE and starting its Timer\ T1 (see \(sc\ 2.4.8.1
- below). Upon reception of a UA response from the DTE, the DCE will reset
- its send and receive state variables V(S) and V(R) to zero, will stop its
- Timer\ T1, and will remain in the information transfer phase. Upon reception
- of a DM response from the DTE as a denial to the data link resetting request,
- the DCE will stop its Timer\ T1 and will enter the disconnected phase.
-
- .LP
-
- The DCE, having sent an SABM/SABME command, will ignore and discard
-
- any frames received from the DTE except an SABM/SABME or DISC command,
- or a UA or DM response. The receipt of an SABM/SABME or DISC command from
- the DTE will result in a collision situation that is resolved per \(sc\
- 2.4.4.5 above. Frames
-
- other than the UA or DM response sent in response to a received SABM/SABME
- or DISC command will be sent only after the data link is reset and if no
-
- outstanding SABM/SABME command exists.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- After the DCE sends the SABM/SABME command, if a UA or DM response is not
- received correctly, Timer\ T1 will run out in the DCE. The DCE will then
-
- resend the SABM/SABME command and will restart Timer\ T1. After N2 attempts
- to reset the data link, the DCE will initiate appropriate higher layer
- recovery
-
- action and will enter the disconnected phase. The value of N2 is defined in
-
- \(sc\ 2.4.8.4 below.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.4.7.3
-
- The DCE may ask the DTE to reset the data link by transmitting an FRMR
- response (see \(sc\ 2.4.6.1 above). After transmitting an FRMR response,
-
- the DCE will enter the frame rejection condition.
-
- .LP
-
- The frame rejection condition is cleared when the DCE receives an SABM/SABME
- command, a DISC command, a FRMR response, or a DM response; or if
-
- the DCE transmits an SABM/SABME command, a DISC command, or a DM response.
-
- Other commands received while in the frame rejection condition will cause
- the DCE to retransmit the FRMR response with the same information field
- as
-
- originally transmitted.
-
- .LP
-
- The DCE may start Timer\ T1 on transmission of the FRMR response. If
-
- Timer\ T1 runs out before the frame rejection condition is cleared, the
- DCE may retransmit the FRMR response, and restart T1. After N2 attempts
- (time outs) to get the DTE to reset the data link, the DCE may reset the
- data link itself as described in \(sc\ 2.4.7.2 above. The value of N2 is
- defined in \(sc\ 2.4.8.4 below.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- In the frame rejection condition, I frames and supervisory frames will
- not be transmitted by the DCE. Also, received I frames and supervisory
- frames will be discarded by the DCE except for the observance of a P bit
- set to\ 1.
-
- When an additional FRMR response must be transmitted by the DCE as a result
- of the receipt of a P\ bit set to 1 while Timer\ T1 is running, Timer\
- T1 will
-
- continue to run. Upon reception of an FRMR response (even during a frame
-
- rejection condition), the DCE will initiate a resetting procedure by
-
- transmitting an SABM/SABME command as described in \(sc\ 2.4.7.2 above, or will
-
- transmit a DM response to ask the DTE to initiate the data link set\(hyup
-
- procedure as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1 and enter the disconnected phase.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.4.8
-
- \fIList of \fR
-
- \fILAPB system parameters\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The DCE and DTE system parameters are as follows:
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- 2.4.8.1
-
- \fITimer\fR
-
- \fIT1\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The value of the DTE Timer T1 system parameter may be different
-
- than the value of the DCE Timer T1 system parameter. These values shall
- be made known to both the DTE and the DCE, and agreed to for a period of
- time by both the DTE and the DCE.
-
- .LP
-
- The period of Timer T1, at the end of which retransmission of a frame may
- be initiated (see \(sc\ 2.4.4 and \(sc\ 2.4.5 above for the DCE), shall
- take into account whether T1 is started at the beginning or the end of
- the transmission of a frame.
-
- .LP
-
- The proper operation of the procedure requires that the transmitter's (DCE
- or DTE) Timer\ T1 be greater than the maximum time between transmission
- of a frame (SABM/SABME, DISC, I\ or supervisory command, or DM or FRMR
- response)
-
- and the reception of the corresponding frame returned as an answer to that
-
- frame (UA, DM or acknowledging frame). Therefore, the receiver (DCE or DTE)
-
- should not delay the response or acknowledging frame returned to one of the
-
- above frames by more than a value\ T2, where T2 is a system parameter (see
-
- \(sc\ 2.4.8.2).
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- The DCE will not delay the response or acknowledging frame returned to
- one of the above DTE frames by more than a period\ T2.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.4.8.2
-
- \fIParameter T2\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The value of the DTE parameter T2 may be different than the value of the
- DCE parameter T2. These values shall be made known to both the DTE and
- the DCE, and agreed to for a period of time by both the DTE and the DCE.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- The period of parameter T2 shall indicate the amount of time
-
- available at the DCE or DTE before the acknowledging frame must be initiated
- in order to ensure its receipt by the DTE or DCE, respectively, prior to
- Timer\ T1 running out at the DTE or DCE (parameter\ T2\ <\ Timer\ T1).
-
- .LP
-
- \fINote\fR
-
- \ \(em\ The period of parameter T2 shall take into account the
-
- following timing factors: the transmission time of the acknowledging frame,
- the propagation time over the access data link, the stated processing times
- at the DCE and the DTE, and the time to complete the transmission of the
- frame(s) in the DCE or DTE transmit queue that are neither displaceable
- or modifiable in an orderly manner.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- Given a value for Timer T1 for the DTE or DCE, the value of parameter T2
- at the DCE or DTE, respectively, must be no larger than T1 minus\ 2 times
- the propagation time over the access data link, minus the frame processing
- time at the DCE, minus the frame processing time at the DTE, and minus
- the transmission time of the acknowledging frame by the DCE or DTE, respectively.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- 2.4.8.3
-
- \fITimer T3\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The DCE shall support a Timer T3 system parameter, the value of
-
- which shall be made known to the DTE.
-
- .LP
-
- The period of Timer T3, at the end of which an indication of an
-
- observed excessively long idle channel state condition is passed to the
- Packet Layer, shall be sufficiently greater than the period of the DCE
- Timer T1
-
- (i.e.\ T3\ >\ T1) so that the expiration of T3 provides the desired level of
-
- assurance that the data link channel is in a non\(hyactive, non\(hyoperational
- state, and is in need of data link set\(hyup before normal data link operation
- can
-
- resume.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.4.8.4
-
- \fIMaximum number of attempts\fR
-
- \fIto complete a\fR
-
-
-
- \fItransmission N2\fR
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- The value of the DTE N2 system parameter may be different than the value
- of the DCE N2 system parameter. These values shall be made known to both
- the DTE and the DCE, and agreed to for a period of time by both the DTE
- and the DCE.
-
- .LP
-
- The value of N2 shall indicate the maximum number of attempts made by the
- DCE or DTE to complete the successful transmission of a frame to the DTE
- or DCE, respectively.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.4.8.5
-
- \fIMaximum number of bits in an I frame N1\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The value of the DTE N1 system parameter may be different than the value
- of the DCE N1 system parameter. These values shall be made known to both
- the DTE and the DCE.
-
- .LP
-
- The values of N1 shall indicate the maximum number of bits in an
-
- I\ frame (excluding flags and 0\ bits inserted for transparency) that the
- DCE or DTE is willing to accept from the DTE or DCE, respectively.
-
- .LP
-
- In order to allow for universal operation, a DTE should support a
-
- value of DTE N1 which is not less than 1080\ bits (135\ octets). DTEs should
- be aware that the network may transmit longer packets (see \(sc\ 5.2),
- that may result in a data link layer problem.
-
- .LP
-
-
-
- All networks shall offer to a DTE which requires it, a value of DCE N1
- which is greater than or equal to 2072\ bits (259\ octets) plus the length
- of the address, control and FCS fields at the DTE/DCE interface, and greater
- than or equal to the maximum length of the data packets which may cross
- the DTE/DCE
-
- interface plus the length of the address, control and FCS fields at the
- DTE/DCE interface.
-
- .LP
-
- Appendix II provides a description of how the values stated above are derived.
-
- .LP
-
- 2.4.8.6
-
- \fIMaximum number of \fR
-
- \fIoutstanding I frames k\fR
-
- .LP
-
- The value of the DTE k system parameter shall be the same as the
-
- value of the DCE k system parameter. This value shall be agreed to for a
-
- period of time by both the DTE and the DCE.
-
- .LP
-
- The value of k shall indicate the maximum number of sequentially
-
- numbered I\ frames that the DTE or DCE may have outstanding
-
- (i.e.\ unacknowledged) at any given time. The value of k shall never exceed
-
- seven for modulo\ 8 operation, or one hundred and twenty\(hyseven for modulo\
- 128
-
- operation. All networks (DCEs) shall support a value of seven. Other values
- of k (less than and greater than seven) may also be supported by networks
-
- (DCEs).
-
- .LP
-
- .line
-
- \fBMONTAGE : \(sc 2.5 de cette Recommandation sur le reste de cette page\fR
-
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- .line
- .ad r
- \fBTable 1/X.24 [T1.24], p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.1
- \fICircuit\ G\ \(em\ Signal ground or common return\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- This conductor establishes the signal common reference potential
- for unbalanced double\(hycurrent interchange circuits with electrical
- characteristics according to Recommendation\ V.28. In the case of
- interchange circuits according to Recommendations\ V.10 and\ V.11, it
- interconnects the zero volt reference points of a generator and a receiver
- to reduce environmental signal interference, if required.
- .PP
- Within the DCE, this conductor shall be brought to one point,
- protective ground or earth, by means of a metallic strap within the equipment.
- This metallic strap can be connected or removed at installation, as may
- be
- required, to minimize the introduction of noise into electronic circuitry
- or to meet applicable regulations.
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ Where a shielded interconnecting cable is used at the
- interface, the shield may be connected either to circuit\ G, or to protective
- ground in accordance with national regulations. Protective ground may be
- further connected to external grounds as required by applicable electrical
- safety regulations.
- .PP
- For unbalanced interchange circuits with electrical characteristics in
- accordance with Recommendation\ V.10, two common\(hyreturn conductors are
- required, one for each direction of signalling, each conductor being connected
- to ground only on the generator side of the interface. Where used, these
- shall be
- designated circuits\ Ga and\ Gb, and they are defined as follows:
- .RT
- .LP
- \fICircuit\ Ga\ \(em\ DTE common return\fR
- .LP
- This conductor is connected to the DTE circuit common and is used
- as the reference potential for the unbalanced\ X.26 type interchange circuit
- receivers within the DCE.
- .LP
- \fICircuit\ Gb\ \(em\ DCE common return\fR
- .LP
- This conductor is connected to the DCE circuit common and is used
- as the reference potential for the unbalanced\ X.26 type interchange circuit
- receivers within the DTE.
- .bp
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.2
- \fICircuit\ T\ \(em\ Transmit\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIDirection:\fR To DCE
- .PP
- The binary signals originated by the DTE to be transmitted during the data
- transfer phase via the data circuit to one or more remote DTEs are
- transferred on this circuit to the DCE.
- .PP
- This circuit also transfers the call control signals originated by the
- DTE, to be transmitted to the DCE in the call establishment and other call
- control phases as specified by the relevant Recommendations for the procedural
- characteristic of the interface.
- .PP
- The DCE monitors this circuit for detection of electrical circuit
- fault conditions, according to the specifications of the electrical
- characteristics of the interface. A circuit fault is to be interpreted
- by the DCE as defined in the Recommendation for the procedural characteristics
- of
- the interface.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.3
- \fICircuit\ R\ \(em\ Receive\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIDirection:\fR \ From DCE
- .PP
- The binary signals sent by the DCE as received during the data
- transfer phase from a remote DTE, are transferred on this circuit to the DTE.
- .PP
- This circuit also transfers the call control signals sent by the DCE as
- received during the call establishment and other call control phases as
- specified by the relevant Recommendations for the procedural characteristics
- of the interface.
- .PP
- The DTE monitors this circuit for detection of electrical circuit
- fault conditions, according to the specifications of the electrical
- characteristics of the interface. A circuit fault is to be interpreted
- by the DTE as defined in the Recommendation for the procedural characteristics
- of
- the interface.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.4
- \fICircuit\ C\ \(em\ Control\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIDirection:\fR \ To DCE
- .PP
- Signals on this circuit control the DCE for a particular signalling process.
- .PP
- Representation of a control signal requires additional coding of
- circuit\ T\(hy\fITransmit\fR \|as specified in the relevant Recommendation
- for the
- procedural characteristics of the interface. During the data phase, this
- circuit shall remain ON. During the call control phases, the condition
- of this circuit shall be as specified in the relevant Recommendation for
- the procedural characteristics of the interface.
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ After appropriate selection of special user facilities
- (not yet defined), it might be required to change the ON condition after
- entering
- .PP
- the data phase in accordance with the regulations for the use of these
- facilities. This subject is for further study.
- .PP
- The DCE monitors this circuit for detection of electrical circuit
- fault conditions, according to the specifications of the electrical
- characteristics of the interface. A circuit fault is to be interpreted
- by the DCE as defined in the Recommendation for the procedural characteristics
- of
- the interface.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.5
- \fICircuit\ I\ \(em\ Indication\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIDirection:\fR \ From DCE
- .PP
- Signals on this circuit indicate to the DTE the state of the call control
- process.
- .PP
- Representation of a control signal requires additional coding of
- circuit\ R\(hy\fIReceive\fR , as specified in the relevant Recommendation
- for the
- procedural characteristics of the interface. The ON condition of this circuit
- signifies that signals on circuit\ R contain information from the distant
- DTE. The OFF condition signifies a control signalling condition which is
- defined by the bit sequence on circuit\ R as specified by the procedural
- characteristics
- of the interface.
- .PP
- The DTE monitors this circuit for detection of electrical circuit
- fault conditions, according to the specifications of the electrical
- characteristics of the interface. A circuit fault is to be interpreted
- by the DTE as defined in the Recommendation for the procedural characteristics
- of
- the interface.
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ For use with special user facilities (not yet defined) it
- might be required to use the OFF condition after entering the data transfer
- phase in accordance with the regulations for the use of these facilities.
- This subject is for further study.
- .bp
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.6
- \fICircuit\ S\ \(em\ \fR \fISignal element timing\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIDirection:\fR \ From DCE
- .PP
- Signals on this circuit provide the DTE with signal element timing information.
- The condition of this circuit shall be ON and OFF for nominally
- equal periods of time. However, for burst isochronous operations, longer
- periods of OFF condition may be permitted equal to an integer odd number of
- the nominal period of the ON condition as specified by the relevant procedural
- characteristics of the interface.
- .PP
- The DTE shall present a binary signal on circuit\ T\(hy\fITransmit\fR \|and
- a condition on circuit\ C\(hy\fIControl\fR , in which the transitions nominally
- occur at the time of the transitions from OFF to ON condition of this circuit.
- .PP
- The DCE presents a binary signal on circuit\ R\(hy\fIReceive\fR \|and a
- condition on circuit\ I\(hy\fIIndication\fR \|in which the transitions
- nominally occur at the time of the transitions from OFF to ON condition
- of this circuit.
- .PP
- The transition from ON to OFF condition shall nominally indicate the centre
- of each signal element on circuit\ R.
- .PP
- The DCE shall transfer signal element timing information on this
- circuit across the interface at all times that the timing source is capable
- of generating this information.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.7
- \fICircuit\ B\ \(em\ \fR \fIByte timing\fR (see Note 2)
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIDirection:\fR \ From DCE
- .PP
- Signals on this circuit provide the DTE with 8\(hybit byte timing
- information. The condition of this circuit shall be OFF for nominally the
- period of the ON condition of circuit\ S\(hy\fISignal element timing\fR
- which indicates the last bit of an 8\(hybit byte and shall be ON at all
- other times within the
- period of the 8\(hybit byte.
- .PP
- During the call control phases, the call control characters and steady
- state conditions used for all information transfers between the DCE and
- the
- DTE, in either direction, shall be correctly aligned to the signals of
- circuit\ B.
- .PP
- The DTE shall present the beginning of the first bit of each call
- control character on circuit\ T\(hy\fITransmit\fR nominally at the time of the
- OFF to ON transition of circuit\ S which follows the OFF to ON transition of
- circuit\ B.
- .PP
- A change of condition of circuit\ C\(hy\fIControl\fR \|may occur at any
- OFF to ON transition of circuit\ S, but it will be sampled in the DCE at the
- time of the OFF to ON transition of circuit\ B, i.e., for evaluation of the
- following call control character on circuit\ T.
- .PP
- The centre of the last bit of each call control character will be
- presented by the DCE on circuit\ R\(hy\fIReceive\fR nominally at the time
- of the
- OFF to ON transition of circuit\ B.
- .PP
- A change of condition of circuit\ I\(hy\fIIndication\fR \|will occur nominally
- at the OFF to ON transition of circuit\ S which follows the OFF to ON
- transition of circuit\ B.
- .PP
- The DCE shall transfer byte timing information on this circuit across the
- interface at all times that the timing source is capable of generating
- this information.
- .PP
- \fINote\ 1\fR \ \(em\ During the data transfer phase, DTEs communicating by
- means of an 8\(hybit code may utilize the byte timing information for mutual
- character alignment.
- .RT
- .LP
- It is a prerequisite for the provision of this feature that
- character alignment is preserved after the call has entered the data transfer
- phase and that the alignment obtained at one interface is synchronized
- to the alignment at the other interface. (This is only possible on some
- connections.)
- .LP
- Furthermore, where this feature is available, a change of condition
- on circuit\ C as defined above may result in an equivalent change in the
- relative alignment on circuit\ I at the distant interface.
- .PP
- \fINote\ 2\fR \ \(em\ In some Recommendations for the procedural
- characteristics of the interface (e.g.,\ X.21), the use and termination
- of this circuit by the DTE is not mandatory even when implemented in the
- DCE.
- .bp
- .LP
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.8
- \fICircuit\ F\ \(em\ Frame start identification\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIDirection:\fR \ From DCE
- .PP
- Signals on this circuit continuously provide the DTE with a
- multiplex frame start indication when connected to a multiplexed DTE/DCE
- interface.
- .PP
- The condition on this circuit shall be OFF for the nominal period of one
- bit, indicating the last bit of the multiplex frame. At other times the
- circuit shall remain\ ON.
- .PP
- The first data bit on subscriber channel 1 shall be transmitted or
- received beginning nominally at the OFF to ON transition of circuit\ F.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.9
- \fICircuit\ X\ \(em\ DTE transmit signal element timing\fR (see Note)
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIDirection:\fR \ To DCE
- .PP
- Signals on this circuit provide signal element timing information for the
- transmit direction in cases where circuit\ S only provides signal
- element timing for the receive direction. The condition of this circuit
- shall be ON and OFF for nominally equal periods of time. However, for burst
- isochronous operations, longer periods of OFF condition may be permitted
- .PP
- equal to an integer odd number of the nominal period of the ON condition as
- specified by the relevant procedural characteristics of the interface.
- .PP
- The DTE shall present a binary signal on the circuit T\(hy\fITransmit\fR
- \|and a condition on circuit\ C\(hy\fIControl\fR , in which the transitions
- nominally occur at the time of the transitions from OFF to ON condition
- of this circuit.
- .PP
- The transition from ON to OFF condition shall nominally indicate the centre
- of each signal element on circuit\ T.
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ The use and termination of this circuit by the DCE is a
- national matter.
- \v'6p'
- .RT
- .LP
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fBRecommendation X.25\fR
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .ce 1000
- \fBINTERFACE\ BETWEEN\ DATA\ TERMINAL\ EQUIPMENT\ (DTE)\ AND\ DATA\fR
- .EF '% Fascicle\ VIII.2\ \(em\ Rec.\ X.25''
- .OF '''Fascicle\ VIII.2\ \(em\ Rec.\ X.25 %'
- .ce 0
- .ce 1000
- \fBCIRCUIT\(hyTERMINATING\ EQUIPMENT\ (DCE)\ FOR\ TERMINALS\ OPERATING\fR
- .ce 0
- .ce 1000
- \fBIN\ THE\ PACKET\ MODE\ AND\ CONNECTED\ TO\ PUBLIC\fR
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fBDATA\ NETWORKS\ BY\ DEDICATED\ CIRCUIT\fR
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fI(Geneva, 1976; amended at Geneva, 1980\fR ,
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fIMalaga\(hyTorremolinos, 1984 and Melbourne, 1988)\fR
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .PP
- The establishment in various countries of public data networks providing
- packet switched data transmission services creates a need to produce standards
- to facilitate international interworking.
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- The\ CCITT,
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fIconsidering\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- (a)
- that Recommendation X.1 includes specific user classes of service for data
- terminal equipments operating in the packet mode,
- Recommendation\ X.2 defines user facilities, Recommendation\ X.10 defines
- categories of access, Recommendations\ X.21 and X.21\|\fIbis\fR define DTE/DCE
- physical layer interface characteristics, Recommendation\ X.92 defines the
- hypothetical reference connections for packet switched data transmission
- service and Recommendation\ X.96 defines \fIcall progress\fR signals;
- .PP
- (b)
- that data terminal equipments operating in the packet
- mode will send and receive network control information in the form of packets;
- .PP
- (c)
- that certain data terminal equipments operating in the packet mode will
- use a
- packet interleaved synchronous data circuit
- ;
- .bp
- .PP
- (d)
- the desirability of being able to use a single data
- circuit to a Data Switching Exchange\ (DSE) for all user facilities;
- .PP
- (e)
- that Recommendation X.2 specifies which of the various data transmission
- services and optional user facilities described in the
- present Recommendation are \*Qessential\*U and have thus to be made available
- internationally, and which are not;
- .PP
- (f
- )
- the need for defining an international
- Recommendation for the exchange between DTE and DCE of control information
- for the use of packet switched data transmission services;
- .PP
- (g)
- that this definition is made in Recommendation X.32 with regard to the
- access through a public switched telephone network, an integrated services
- digital network (ISDN), or a circuit switched public data network;
- .PP
- (h)
- that Recommendation X.31 defines the support of
- packet\(hymode
- terminal equipment by an integrated services digital network (ISDN);
- .PP
- (i)
- that, when this Recommendation is used to support the
- Network Service defined in Recommendation\ X.213, the physical, data link and
- packet
- layers correspond to the Physical, Data link and Network Layers respectively,
- as defined in Recommendation\ X.200;
- .PP
- (j)
- that this Recommendation includes all the features
- necessary to support the services included in Recommendation\ X.213 as
- well as other features; that Recommendation\ X.223 defines the use of X.25
- packet layer protocol to provide the OSI connection mode Network service;
- .PP
- (k)
- that the necessary elements for an interface
- Recommendation should be defined independently as:
- .LP
- \fIPhysical layer\fR \ \(em\ the mechanical, electrical, functional and
- procedural characteristics to activate, maintain and deactivate
- the physical link between the DTE and the DCE;
- .LP
- \fIData link layer\fR \ \(em\ the link access procedure for data interchange
- across the link between the DTE and the DCE;
- .LP
- \fIPacket layer\fR \ \(em\ the packet format and control procedures for the
- exchange of packets containing control information and user
- data between the DTE and the DCE;
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fIunanimously declares\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- that for public data networks accessed via dedicated circuits by data terminal
- equipments operating in the packet mode:
- .PP
- (1)
- the mechanical, electrical, functional and procedural
- characteristics to activate, maintain and deactivate the physical link
- between the DTE and the DCE should be as specified in \(sc\ 1 below, \fIDTE/DCE
- interface\fR \fIcharacteristics\fR ;
- .PP
- (2)
- the link access procedure for data interchange across
- the link between the DTE and the DCE should be as specified in \(sc\ 2 below,
- \fILink access procedure across the DTE/DCE interface\fR ;
- .PP
- (3)
- the packet layer procedures for the exchange of control information and
- user data at the DTE/DCE interface should be as specified in
- \(sc\ 3 below, \fIDescription of the packet layer DTE/DCE interface\fR ;
- .PP
- (4)
- the procedures for virtual call and permanent virtual
- circuit services should be as specified in \(sc\ 4 below, \fIProcedures
- for virtual\fR \fIcircuit services\fR ;
- .PP
- (5)
- the format for packets exchanged between the DTE and the DCE should be
- as specified in \(sc\ 5 below, \fIPacket formats\fR ;
- .PP
- (6)
- the procedures for optional user facilities should be as specified in \(sc\
- 6 below, \fIProcedures for optional user facilities\fR ;
- .PP
- (7)
- the formats for optional user facilities should be as
- specified in \(sc\ 7 below, \fIFormats for facility fields and registration
- fields\fR .
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ This Recommendation fully specifies the behaviour of
- the DCE. In addition, a minimum set of requirements is specified for the
- DTE.
- Additional guidance for the design of DTEs is available in ISO standards
- ISO\ 7776 (data link layer) and ISO\ 8208 (packet layer). It is not required
- by this Recommendation that these ISO standards be used. If using these
- ISO
- standards, note must be taken that their scope is expanded beyond that
- of just interfacing with packet switched public data networks.
- .PP
- It should also be noted that this Recommendation uses the term DTE to refer
- to the equipment to which the DCE interfaces. In ISO\ 8208, distinction
- is made between a DTE and a packet switched private data network, which
- are both considered as DTEs in this Recommendation.
- .bp
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- CONTENTS
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 1
- \fIDTE/DCE interface characteristics (physical layer)\fR \v'3p'
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .LP
- 1.1
- X.21 interface
- .LP
- 1.2
- X.21\|\fIbis\fR interface
- .LP
- 1.3
- V\(hyseries interface
- .LP
- 1.4
- X.31 interface
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2
- \fILink access procedures across the DTE/DCE interface\fR \v'3p'
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- 2.1
- Scope and field of application
- .LP
- 2.2
- Frame structure
- .LP
- 2.3
- LAPB elements of procedures
- .LP
- 2.4
- Description of the LAPB procedure
- .LP
- 2.5
- Multilink procedure (MLP)
- .LP
- 2.6
- LAP elements of procedure
- .LP
- 2.7
- Description of the LAP procedure
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3
- \fIDescription of the packet layer DTE/DCE interface\fR \v'3p'
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- 3.1
- Logical channels
- .LP
- 3.2
- Basic structure of packets
- .LP
- 3.3
- Procedure for restart
- .LP
- 3.4
- Error handling
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 4
- \fIProcedures for virtual circuit services\fR \v'3p'
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- 4.1
- Procedures for virtual call service
- .LP
- 4.2
- Procedures for permanent virtual circuit service
- .LP
- 4.3
- Procedures for data and interrupt transfer
- .LP
- 4.4
- Procedures for flow control
- .LP
- 4.5
- Effects of clear, reset and restart procedures
- on the transfer of packets
- .LP
- 4.6
- Effects of the physical and the data link layer on the
- packet layer
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5
- \fIPacket formats\fR \v'3p'
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- 5.1
- General
- .LP
- 5.2
- Call set\(hyup and clearing packets
- .LP
- 5.3
- Data and interrupt packets
- .LP
- 5.4
- Flow control and reset packets
- .LP
- 5.5
- Restart packets
- .LP
- 5.6
- Diagnostic packet
- .LP
- 5.7
- Packets required for optional user facilities
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 6
- \fIProcedures for optional user facilities (packet layer)\fR \v'3p'
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- 6.1
- On\(hyline facility registration
- .LP
- 6.2
- Extended packet sequence numbering
- .LP
- 6.3
- D bit modification
- .LP
- 6.4
- Packet retransmission
- .LP
- 6.5
- Incoming calls barred
- .LP
- 6.6
- Outgoing calls barred
- .bp
- .LP
- 6.7
- One\(hyway logical channel outgoing
- .LP
- 6.8
- One\(hyway logical channel incoming
- .LP
- 6.9
- Non\(hystandard default packet sizes
- .LP
- 6.10
- Non\(hystandard default window sizes
- .LP
- 6.11
- Default throughput classes assignment
- .LP
- 6.12
- Flow control parameter negotiation
- .LP
- 6.13
- Throughput class negotiation
- .LP
- 6.14
- Closed user group related facilities
- .LP
- 6.15
- Bilateral closed user group related facilities
- .LP
- 6.16
- Fast select
- .LP
- 6.17
- Fast select acceptance
- .LP
- 6.18
- Reverse charging
- .LP
- 6.19
- Reverse charging acceptance
- .LP
- 6.20
- Local charging prevention
- .LP
- 6.21
- Network user identification (NUI) related facilities
- .LP
- 6.22
- Charging information
- .LP
- 6.23
- RPOA related facilities
- .LP
- 6.24
- Hunt group
- .LP
- 6.25
- Call redirection and call deflection related facilities
- .LP
- 6.26
- Called line address modified notification
- .LP
- 6.27
- Transit delay selection and indication
- .LP
- 6.28
- TOA/NEI address subscription
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 7
- \fIFormats for facility fields and registration fields\fR \v'3p'
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- 7.1
- General
- .LP
- 7.2
- Coding of facility field in call set\(hyup
- and clearing packets
- .LP
- 7.3
- Coding of the registration field of
- registration packets
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fIAnnex\ A\fR \(em
- Range of logical channels used for virtual calls
- and permanent virtual circuits
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIAnnex\ B\fR \(em
- Packet layer DTE/DCE interface state diagrams
- .LP
- \fIAnnex\ C\fR \(em
- Actions taken by the DCE on receipt of packets
- in a given state of the packet layer DTE/DCE interface as
- perceived by the DCE
- .LP
- \fIAnnex\ D\fR \(em
- Packet layer DCE time\(hyouts and DTE time\(hylimits
- .LP
- \fIAnnex\ E\fR \(em
- Coding of X.25 network generated
- diagnostic fields in clear, reset and restart indication,
- registration confirmation, and diagnostic packets
- .LP
- \fIAnnex\ F\fR \(em
- Applicability of the on\(hyline registration facility
- to other facilities
- .LP
- \fIAnnex\ G\fR \(em
- CCITT\(hyspecified DTE facilities to support the
- OSI Network service
- .LP
- \fIAnnex\ H\fR \(em
- Subscription\(hytime optional user facilities that may be
- associated with a network user identifier in conjunction with the NUI
- override facility
- .LP
- \fIAppendix\ I\fR \(em
- Examples of data link layer transmitted bit patterns by the DCE and the DTE
- .LP
- \fIAppendix\ II\fR \(em
- An explanation of how the values for N1 in \(sc 2.4.8.5 are derived
- .LP
- \fIAppendix\ III\fR \(em
- Examples of multilink resetting procedures
- .LP
- \fIAppendix\ IV\fR \(em
- Information on addresses in call set\(hyup and clearing
- packets
- .bp
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB1\fR \fBDTE/DCE interface characteristics\fR \fB(physical layer)\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- Administrations may offer one or more of the interfaces specified below.
- The exact use of the relevant points in these Recommendations is
- detailed below.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 1.1
- \fIX.21 interface\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 1.1.1
- \fIDTE/DCE physical interface elements\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The DTE/DCE physical interface elements shall be according to
- \(sc\(sc\ 2.1 through\ 2.5 of Recommendation\ X.21.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 1.1.2
- \fIProcedures for entering operational phases\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The procedures for entering operational phases shall be as
- described in \(sc\ 5.2 of Recommendation\ X.21. The data exchanged on circuits\
- T
- and\ R when the interface is in states\ 13S, 13R and\ 13 of Figure A\(hy3/X.21
- will be as described in subsequent sections of this Recommendation.
- .PP
- The \fInot ready\fR \| states given in \(sc\ 2.5 of Recommendation X.21 are
- considered to be \fInon\(hyoperational\fR states and may be considered
- by the higher layers to be \fIout of order\fR states (see \(sc\ 4.6 below).
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 1.1.3
- \fIFailure detection and test loops\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The failure detection principles shall be according to \(sc\ 2.6 of
- Recommendation\ X.21. In addition, i\ =\ OFF may be signalled due to momentary
- transmission failures. Higher layers may delay for several seconds before
- considering the interface to be out of order.
- .PP
- The definitions of test loops and the principles of maintenance
- testing using the test loops are provided in Recommendation\ X.150.
- .PP
- A description of the test loops and the procedures for their use is
- given in \(sc\ 7 of Recommendation\ X.21.
- .PP
- Automatic activation by a DTE of a test loop\ 2 in the DCE at the
- remote terminal is not possible. However, some Administrations may permit
- the DTE to control the equivalent of a test loop\ 2, at the local DSE,
- to verify the operation of the leased line or subscriber line and/or all
- or part of the DCE or line terminating equipment. Control of the loop,
- if provided, may be either manual or automatic, as described in Recommendations\
- X.150 and\ X.21
- respectively.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 1.1.4
- \fISignal element timing\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Signal element timing shall be in accordance with \(sc\ 2.6.3 of
- Recommendation\ X.21.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 1.2
- \fIX.21\|bis interface\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 1.2.1
- \fIDTE/DCE physical interface elements\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The DTE/DCE physical interface elements shall be according to \(sc\ 1.2
- of Recommendation\ X.21\|\fIbis\fR .
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 1.2.2
- \fIOperational phases\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- When circuit 107 is in the ON condition, and circuits\ 105, 106, 108 and
- 109, if provided, are in the ON condition, data exchange on circuits\ 103
- and\ 104 will be as described in subsequent sections of this
- Recommendation.
- .PP
- When circuit 107 is in the OFF condition, or any of circuits 105, 106,
- 108 or\ 109, if provided, are in the OFF condition, this is considered
- to be in a \fInon\(hyoperational\fR state, and may be considered by the
- higher layers to be in an \fIout of order\fR state (see \(sc\ 4.6 below).
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 1.2.3
- \fIFailure detection and test loops\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The failure detection principles, the description of test loops and the
- procedures for their use shall be according to \(sc\(sc\ 3.1 through\ 3.3
- of
- Recommendation\ X.21\|\fIbis\fR . In addition, circuits\ 106 and\ 109 may
- enter the OFF condition due to momentary transmission failures. Higher
- layers may delay for several seconds before considering the interface to
- be out of order.
- .bp
- .PP
- Automatic activation by a DTE of test loop 2 in the DCE at the remote terminal
- is not possible. However, some Administrations may permit the DTE to control
- the equivalent of a test loop\ 2, at the local DSE, to verify the
- operation of the leased line or subscriber line and/or all or part of the
- DCE or line terminating equipment. Control of the loop, if provided, may
- be either manual or automatic, as described in Recommendations\ X.150 and\
- X.21\|\fIbis\fR
- respectively.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 1.2.4
- \fISignal element timing\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Signal element timing shall be in accordance with \(sc\ 3.4 of
- Recommendation\ X.21\|\fIbis\fR .
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 1.3
- \fIV\(hySeries interface\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- General operation with V\(hySeries modems is as described in \(sc\ 1.2
- above. However, for specific details, particularly related to failure detection
- principles, loop testing, and the use of circuits\ 107, 109, 113 and\ 114,
- refer to the appropriate V\(hySeries Recommendations.
- .PP
- The delay between 105\(hyON and 106\(hyON (when these
- circuits are present) will be more than 10\ ms and less than 1\ s. In addition,
- circuits\ 106 or\ 109 may enter the OFF condition due to momentary transmission
- failures or modem retraining. Higher layers may delay for several seconds
- before considering the interface to be out of order.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 1.4
- \fIX.31 interface\fR \v'3p'
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 1.4.1
- \fIDTE/DCE physical interface\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The DTE/DCE physical interface shall coincide with the R reference point
- between the DTE and the Terminal Adaptor (TA). The purpose of the TA is
- .PP
- to allow the operation of a DTE over an ISDN. The functionalities of such
- a TA when accessing a packet switched data transmission service through
- a
- semi\(hypermanent ISDN connection (i.e.,\ a non switched B\(hychannel)
- are described in \(sc\ 7 of Recommendation\ X.31.
- .PP
- \fINote\ 1\fR \ \(em\ This type of access is considered a dedicated access
- to a public switched data transmission service. Non dedicated access to
- a public
- switched data transmission service is defined in Recommendations\ X.32
- and\ X.31.
- .PP
- \fINote\ 2\fR \ \(em\ The DTE and the TA functionalities may be implemented in
- the same piece of equipment in the case of a packet mode terminal TE1
- conforming to the I\(hyseries Recommendations. In this case, this
- Recommendation covers layer\ 2 and layer\ 3 operation on the semi\(hypermanent
- B\(hychannel.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 1.4.2
- \fIOperational phases\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The operational phases are as described in \(sc 7 of
- Recommendation\ X.31.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 1.4.3
- \fIMaintenance\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The maintenance shall be made as described in \(sc 7.6 of
- Recommendation\ X.31.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 1.4.4
- \fISynchronization\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The synchronization shall be made as described in \(sc 7 of
- Recommendation\ X.31.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB2\fR \fBLink access procedures across the DTE/DCE interface\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 2.1
- \fIScope and field of applications\fR \v'3p'
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 2.1.1
- The
- Link Access Procedures
- (LAPB and LAP) are
- described as the
- Data Link Layer Element
- and are used for data
- interchange
- between a DCE and a DTE over a single physical circuit (LAPB and LAP), or
- optionally over multiple physical circuits (LAPB), operating in user classes
- of service\ 8 to\ 11 as indicated in Recommendation\ X.1. The optional,
- subscription\(hytime selectable, multiple physical circuit operation with LAPB
- (known as multilink operation) is required if the effects of circuit failures
- are not to disrupt the Packet Layer operation.
- .bp
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The single link procedures (SLPs) described in \(sc\(sc\ 2.2, 2.3
- and\ 2.4 (LAPB) and in \(sc\(sc\ 2.2, 2.6 and 2.7 (LAP) are used for data
- interchange over a single physical circuit, conforming to the description
- given in \(sc\ 1,
- between a DTE and a DCE. When the optional multilink operation is employed
- with LAPB, a single link procedure (SLP) is used independently on each
- physical
- circuit, and the multilink procedure (MLP) described in \(sc\ 2.5 is used for
- .LP
- data interchange over these multiple parallel LAPB data links. In addition,
- when only a single physical circuit is employed with LAPB, agreements may be
- made with the Administration to use this optional
- multilink procedure
- over the one LAPB data link.
- .PP
- 2.1.2
- The
- single link procedures (SLPs)
- use the principles
- and terminology of the High\(hylevel Data Link Control (HDLC) procedures
- specified by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). The
- multilink pro
- cedure\ (MLP) is based on the principles and terminology of the Multilink
- Control Procedures specified by ISO.
- .PP
- 2.1.3
- Each transmission facility is duplex.
- .PP
- 2.1.4
- DCE compatibility of operation with the ISO balanced classes
- of procedure (Class BA with options\ 2, 8 and Class\ BA with options\ 2,
- 8, 10) is achieved using the LAPB procedure described in \(sc\(sc\ 2.3
- and\ 2.4. Of these
- classes, Class\ BA with options\ 2, 8 (LAPB modulo\ 8) is the basic service,
- and is available in all networks. Class\ BA with options\ 2, 8, 10 (LAPB
- modulo\ 128) is recognized as an optional, subscription\(hytime selectable,
- extended sequence numbering service that may be available in those networks
- wishing to serve DTE applications having a need for modulo\ 128 sequence
- numbering.
- .PP
- DTE manufacturers and implementors must be aware that the
- procedure hereunder described as LAPB modulo\ 8 will be the only one available
- in all networks.
- .PP
- Likewise, a DTE may continue to use the LAP procedure described in
- \(sc\(sc\ 2.2, 2.6 and\ 2.7 (in those networks supporting such a procedure),
- but for
- new
- DTE implementations, LAPB should be preferred. The LAP procedures are defined
- for modulo\ 8 basic service only.
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ Other possible applications for further study are, for
- example:
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- two\(hyway alternate, asynchronous response mode;
- .LP
- \(em
- two\(hyway simultaneous, normal response mode;
- .LP
- \(em
- two\(hyway alternate, normal response mode.
- .PP
- 2.1.5
- For those networks that choose to support both the basic and
- extended LAPB sequence numbering services, the choice of either basic mode
- (modulo\ 8) or extended mode (modulo\ 128) may be made at subscription
- time. The choice of the mode employed for each data link procedure is independent
- of all others and of the choice of mode for the corresponding Packet Layer
- procedures. All choices are matters for agreement for a period of time
- with the
- Administration.
- .PP
- 2.1.6
- In the case of those networks that support both the LAPB procedure and
- the LAP procedure, the DCE will maintain an internal mode variable\ B,
- which it will set as follows:
- .LP
- \(em
- to 1, upon acceptance of an SABM/SABME (modulo 8/modulo\ 128)
- command from the DTE, or upon issuance of an SABM/SABME command
- by the DCE;
- .LP
- \(em
- to 0, upon acceptance of an SARM command from the DTE.
- .PP
- Whenever B is 1, the DCE will use the LAPB procedure described in \(sc\(sc\
- 2.2, 2.3 and 2.4 below, and is said to be in the LAPB (balanced) mode.
- .PP
- Whenever B is 0, the DCE will use the LAP procedure described in
- \(sc\(sc\ 2.2, 2.6 and 2.7 below, and is said to be in the LAP mode.
- .PP
- Changes to the mode variable B by the DTE should occur only when the data
- link has been disconnected as described in \(sc\(sc\ 2.4.4.3 or\ 2.7.3.3
- below.
- .PP
- Should a DCE malfunction occur that negates the current setting of
- internal mode variable\ B, the DCE will, upon restoration of operation,
- not send either a SARM or SABM/SABME command. The DCE may send a DISC command
- or a
- .PP
- DM\ response to notify the DTE that the DCE is in the disconnected phase.
- This will result in the DTE attempting to reinitialize the data link with
- what the DTE
- considers to be the proper mode\(hysetting command (SARM or SABM/SABME).
- The DCE will then be able to set the internal mode variable\ B to its proper
- value.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.2
- \fIFrame structure\fR \v'3p'
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 2.2.1
- All transmissions on an SLP are in frames conforming to one of the formats
- of Table\ 1/X.25 for basic (modulo\ 8) operation, or alternatively one
- of the formats of Table\ 2/X.25 for extended (modulo\ 128) operation. The
- flag
- preceding the address field is defined as the opening flag. The flag following
- the FCS field is defined as the closing flag.
- .bp
- .ce
- .line
- .ce
- \fBTable 1/X.25 [T1.25], p.\fR
- .ce
- .line
- .ce
- \fBTable 2/X.25 [T2.25], p.\fR
- .ce
- 2.2.2
- .ce
- \fIFlag sequence\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- All frames shall start and end with the flag sequence consisting of one
- 0\ bit followed by six contiguous 1\ bits and one 0\ bit. The DTE and DCE
- .ce
- shall only send complete eight\(hybit flag sequences when sending multiple flag
- .ce
- sequences (see \(sc\ 2.2.11). A single flag may be used as both the
- .ce
- closing
- .ce
- flag
- .ce
- for one frame and the
- .ce
- opening flag
- .ce
- for the next frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.2.3
- .ce
- \fIAddress field\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The address field shall consist of one octet. The address field
- .ce
- identifies the intended receiver of a command frame and the transmitter of a
- .ce
- response frame. The coding of the address field is described in \(sc\ 2.4.2
- (LAPB) and in \(sc\ 2.7.1 (LAP) below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.2.4
- .ce
- \fIControl field\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- For modulo\ 8 (basic) operation, the control field shall consist of one
- octet. For modulo\ 128 (extended) operation, the control field shall consist
- of two octets for frame formats that contain sequence numbers, and one
- octet
- .ce
- for frame formats that do not contain sequence numbers. The content of this
- .ce
- field is described in \(sc\ 2.3.2\ (LAPB) and in \(sc\ 2.6.2 (LAP) below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.2.5
- .ce
- \fIInformation field\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The information field of a frame, when present, follows the control field
- (see \(sc\ 2.2.4 above) and precedes the
- .ce
- frame check sequence field
- .ce
- (see \(sc\ 2.2.7 below).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- See \(sc\(sc 2.3.4.9, 2.5.2, 2.6.4.8 and 5 for the various codings and
- .ce
- groupings of bits in the information field as used in this Recommendation.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- See \(sc\(sc 2.3.4.9, 2.4.8.5, 2.6.4.8 and 2.7.7.5 below with regard to
- the maximum information field length.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.2.6
- .ce
- \fITransparency\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE or DTE, when transmitting, shall examine the frame content between
- the two flag sequences including the address, control, information and
- FCS fields and shall insert a 0 bit after all sequences of 5 contiguous
- 1\ bits (including the last 5\ bits of the FCS) to ensure that a flag sequence
- is not
- .ce
- simulated. The DCE or DTE, when receiving, shall examine the frame content
- and shall discard any 0\ bit which directly follows\ 5 contiguous 1\ bits.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.2.7
- .ce
- \fIFrame check sequence (FCS)\fR
- .ce
- \fI field\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The notation used to describe the FCS is based on the property of cyclic
- codes that a code vector such as 1000000100001 can be represented by a
- polynomial \fIP\fR
- .ce
- (\fIx\fR
- .ce
- )\ =\ \fIx\fR
- .ce
- \u1\d\u2\d\ +\ \fIx\fR
- .ce
- \u5\d\ +\ 1. The elements of an \fIn\fR
- .ce
- \(hyelement
- .ce
- code word are thus the coefficients of a polynomial of order \fIn\fR
- .ce
- \ \(em\ 1. In this application, these coefficients can have the value\
- 0 or\ 1 and the polynomial
- .ce
- operations are performed modulo\ 2. The polynomial representing the content
- of a frame is generated using the first bit received after the frame opening
- flag as the coefficient of the highest order term.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The FCS field shall be a 16\(hybit sequence. It shall be the ones
- .ce
- complement of the sum (modulo\ 2) of:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 1)
- .ce
- the remainder of
- .ce
- \fIx\fR
- .ce
- \uD\dlFk\fR
- .ce
- (\fIx\fR
- .ce
- \u1\d\u5\d\uD\dlF036+\ \fIx\fR
- .ce
- \u1\d\u4\d\ +\ \fIx\fR
- .ce
- \u1\d\u3\d\ +
- .ce
- \fIx\fR
- .ce
- \u1\d\u2\d\ +\ \fIx\fR
- .ce
- \u1\d\u1\d\ +\ \fIx\fR
- .ce
- \u1\d\u0\d\ +\ \fIx\fR
- .ce
- \u9\d\ +\ \fIx\fR
- .ce
- \u8\d\ +
- .ce
- \fIx\fR
- .ce
- \u7\d\ +\ \fIx\fR
- .ce
- \u6\d\ +\ \fIx\fR
- .ce
- \u5\d\ +\ \fIx\fR
- .ce
- \u4\d\uD\dlF036+\ \fIx\fR
- .ce
- \u3\d\ +
- .ce
- +\ \fIx\fR
- .ce
- \u2\d\ +\ \fIx\fR
- .ce
- \ +\ 1) divided (modulo\ 2)
- .ce
- by the
- .ce
- generator polynomial \fIx\fR
- .ce
- \u1\d\u6\d\ +\ \fIx\fR
- .ce
- \u1\d\u2\d\ +\ \fIx\fR
- .ce
- \u5\d\ +\ 1,
- .ce
- where \fIk\fR
- .ce
- is the number of bits in the frame existing between,
- .ce
- but not including, the final bit of the opening flag and the
- .ce
- first bit of the FCS, excluding bits inserted for transparency,
- .ce
- and
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2)
- .ce
- the remainder of the division (modulo 2) by the generator
- .ce
- polynomial \fIx\fR
- .ce
- \u1\d\u6\d\ +\ \fIx\fR
- .ce
- \u1\d\u2\d\ +\ \fIx\fR
- .ce
- \u5\d\ +\ 1 of the
- .ce
- product of \fIx\fR
- .ce
- \u1\d\u6\d by the content of the frame, existing
- .ce
- between but not including, the final bit of the opening flag and
- .ce
- the first bit of the FCS, excluding bits inserted for
- .ce
- transparency.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- As a typical implementation, at the transmitter, the initial
- .ce
- content of the register of the device computing the remainder of the division
- is preset to all 1s and is then modified by division by the generator
- .ce
- polynomial (as described above) on the address, control and information
- fields; the ones complement of the resulting remainder is transmitted as
- the 16\(hybit
- .ce
- FCS.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- At the receiver, the initial content of the register of the device
- .ce
- computing the remainder is preset to all 1s. The final remainder, after
- .ce
- multiplication by \fIx\fR
- .ce
- \u1\d\u6\d and then division (modulo\ 2) by the generator
- .ce
- polynomial \fIx\fR
- .ce
- \u1\d\u6\d\ +\ \fIx\fR
- .ce
- \u1\d\u2\d\ +\ \fIx\fR
- .ce
- \u5\d\ +\ 1 of the serial incoming protected bits and the FCS, will be
- 0001110100001111 (\fIx\fR
- .ce
- \u1\d\u5\d through
- .ce
- \fIx\fR
- .ce
- \u0\d, respectively) in the absence of transmission errors.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- \fINote\fR
- .ce
- \ \(em\ Examples of transmitted bit patterns by the DCE and the DTE illustrating
- application of the transparency mechanism and the frame check
- .ce
- sequence to the SABM command and the UA response are given in Appendix\ I.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.2.8
- .ce
- \fIOrder of bit transmission\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Addresses, commands, responses and sequence numbers shall be
- .ce
- transmitted with the low\(hyorder bit first (for example, the first bit of the
- .ce
- sequence number that is transmitted shall have the weight 2\u0\d). The
- order of transmitting bits within the information field is not specified
- under \(sc\ 2 of
- .ce
- this Recommendation. The FCS shall be transmitted to the line commencing
- with the coefficient of the highest term, which is found in bit position\
- 16 of the FCS\ field (see Tables\ 1/X.25 and 2/X.25).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- \fINote\fR
- .ce
- \ \(em\ In Tables 1/X.25 to 13/X.25, bit 1 is defined as the
- .ce
- low\(hyorder bit.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.2.9
- .ce
- \fIInvalid frames\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The definition of an invalid frame is described in \(sc\ 2.3.5.3 (LAPB)
- and in \(sc\ 2.6.5.3 (LAP) below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.2.10
- .ce
- \fIFrame abortion\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Aborting a frame is performed by transmitting at least seven
- .ce
- contiguous 1\ bits (with no inserted 0\ bits).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.2.11
- .ce
- \fIInterframe time fill\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Interframe time fill is accomplished by transmitting contiguous
- .ce
- flags between frames, i.e.\ multiple eight\(hybit flag sequences (see
- .ce
- \(sc\ 2.2.2).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.2.12
- .ce
- \fILink channel states\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- A link channel as defined here is the means for transmission for
- .ce
- one direction.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.2.12.1
- .ce
- \fIActive channel state\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE incoming or outgoing channel is defined to be in an active condition
- when it is receiving or transmitting, respectively, a frame, an
- .ce
- abortion sequence or interframe time fill.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.2.12.2
- .ce
- \fIIdle channel state\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE incoming or outgoing channel is defined to be in an idle
- .ce
- condition when it is receiving or transmitting, respectively, a continuous\
- 1s state for a period of at least 15\ bit times.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- See \(sc\ 2.3.5.5 for a description of DCE action when an idle condition
- exists on its incoming channel for an excessive period of time.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.3
- .ce
- \fILAPB elements of procedures\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.1
- .ce
- The LAPB elements of procedures are defined in terms of actions
- .ce
- that occur on receipt of frames at the DCE or\ DTE.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The elements of procedures specified below contain the selection
- .ce
- of commands and responses relevant to the LAPB data link and system
- .ce
- configurations
- .ce
- described in \(sc\ 2.1 above. Together, \(sc\(sc\ 2.2 and 2.3 form the general
- .ce
- requirements for the proper management of a LAPB access data link.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.3.2
- .ce
- \fILAPB control field formats and parameters\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.3.2.1
- .ce
- \fIControl field formats\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The control field contains a command or a response, and sequence
- .ce
- numbers where applicable.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Three types of control field formats are used to perform numbered
- .ce
- information transfer (I\ format), numbered supervisory functions (S\ format)
- and unnumbered control functions (U\ format).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The control field formats for basic (modulo\ 8) operation are depicted
- in Table\ 3/X.25.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- The control field formats for extended (modulo 128) operation are
- .ce
- depicted in Table\ 4/X.25.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- .line
- .ce
- \fBTable 3/X.25 [T3.25], p.\fR
- .ce
- .line
- .ce
- \fBTable 4/X.25 [T4/X.25], p.\fR
- .ce
- 2.3.2.1.1
- .ce
- \fIInformation transfer format\fR
- .ce
- \fI \(em I\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The I format is used to perform an information transfer. The
- .ce
- functions of N(S), N(R) and P are independent; i.e.,\ each I\ frame has
- an N(S), an N(R) which may or may not acknowledge additional I\ frames
- received by the
- .ce
- DCE or DTE, and a P\ bit that may be set to\ 0 or\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.2.1.2
- .ce
- \fISupervisory format\fR
- .ce
- \fI \(em S\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The S format is used to perform data link supervisory control
- .ce
- functions such as acknowledge I\ frames, request retransmission of I\ frames,
- and to request a temporary suspension of transmission of I\ frames. The
- functions of N(R) and P/F are independent; i.e.,\ each supervisory frame
- has an N(R) which
- .ce
- may or may not acknowledge additional I\ frames received by the DCE or\
- DTE, and a P/F\ bit that may be set to\ 0 or\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.2.1.3
- .ce
- \fIUnnumbered format\fR
- .ce
- \fI \(em U\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The U format is used to provide additional data link control
- .ce
- functions. This format contains no sequence numbers, but does include a
- P/F\ bit that may be set to\ 0 or\ 1. The unnumbered frames have the same
- control field
- .ce
- length (one octet) in both basic (modulo\ 8) operation and extended (modulo\
- 128) operation.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.2.2
- .ce
- \fIControl field parameters\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The various parameters associated with the control field formats
- .ce
- are described below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.2.2.1
- .ce
- \fIModulus\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Each I frame is sequentially numbered and may have the value\ 0
- .ce
- through modulus minus\ 1 (where \*Qmodulus\*U is the modulus of the sequence
- .ce
- numbers). The modulus equals either\ 8 or\ 128 and the sequence numbers cycle
- .ce
- through the entire range.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.2.2.2
- .ce
- \fISend state variable\fR
- .ce
- \fI V(S)\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The send state variable V(S) denotes the sequence number of the
- .ce
- next in\(hysequence I\ frame to be transmitted. V(S) can take on the values\ 0
- .ce
- through modulus minus\ 1. The value of V(S) is incremented by\ 1 with each
- .ce
- successive I\ frame transmission, but cannot exceed the N(R) of the last
- .ce
- received\ I or supervisory frame by more than the maximum number of outstanding
- I\ frames\ (\fIk\fR
- .ce
- ). The value of\ k is defined in \(sc\ 2.4.8.6 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.3.2.2.3
- .ce
- \fISend sequence number\fR
- .ce
- \fI N(S)\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Only I frames contain N(S), the send sequence number of transmitted I\
- frames. At the time that an in\(hysequence I\ frame is designated for
- .ce
- transmission, the value of N(S) is set equal to the value of the send state
- .ce
- variable\ V(S).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.2.2.4
- .ce
- \fIReceive state variable\fR
- .ce
- \fIV(R)\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The receive state variable V(R) denotes the sequence number of the next
- in\(hysequence I\ frame expected to be received. V(R) can take on the values
- 0 through modulus minus\ 1. The value of V(R) is incremented by\ 1 by the
- receipt of an error\(hyfree, in\(hysequence I\ frame whose send sequence
- number N(S) equals
- .ce
- the receive state variable V(R).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.2.2.5
- .ce
- \fIReceive sequence number\fR
- .ce
- \fI N(R)\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- All I frames and supervisory frames contain N(R), the expected send sequence
- number of the next received I\ frame. At the time that a frame of the above
- types is designated for transmission, the value of N(R) is set equal to
- the current value of the receive state variable V(R). N(R) indicates that
- the DCE or DTE transmitting the N(R) has received correctly all I\ frames
- numbered up to and including N(R)\ \(em\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.2.2.6
- .ce
- \fIPoll/Final bit\fR
- .ce
- \fI P/F\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- All frames contain P/F, the Poll/Final bit. In command frames, the P/F
- bit is referred to as the P bit. In response frames, it is referred to
- as the F\ bit.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.3
- .ce
- \fIFunctions of the Poll/Final bit\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The Poll bit set to 1 is used by the DCE or DTE to solicit (poll) a response
- from the DTE or DCE, respectively. The Final bit set to\ 1 is used by the
- DCE or DTE to indicate the response frame transmitted by the DTE or DCE,
- .ce
- respectively, as a result of the soliciting (poll) command.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The use of the P/F bit is described in \(sc\ 2.4.3 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.4
- .ce
- \fICommands and responses\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- For basic (modulo 8) operation, the commands and responses
- .ce
- represented in Table\ 5/X.25 will be supported by the DCE and the\ DTE.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- For extended (modulo 128) operation, the commands and responses
- .ce
- represented in Table\ 6/X.25 will be supported by the DCE and the DTE.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- For purposes of the LAPB procedures, the supervisory function bit encoding
- \*Q11\*U and those encodings of the modifier function bits in
- .ce
- Tables\ 3/X.25 and 4/X.25 not identified in Tables\ 5/X.25 or 6/X.25 are
- .ce
- identified as \*Qundefined or not implemented\*U command and response control
- .ce
- fields.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The commands and responses in Tables 5/X.25 and 6/X.25 are defined as follows:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.4.1
- .ce
- \fIInformation (I)\fR
- .ce
- \fI command\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The function of the information (I) command is to transfer across a data
- link a sequentially numbered frame containing an information field.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- .line
- .ce
- \fBTable 5/X.25 [T5.25], p.\fR
- .ce
- .line
- .ce
- \fBTable 6/X.25 [T6.25], p.\fR
- .ce
- 2.3.4.2
- .ce
- \fIReceive ready (RR)\fR
- .ce
- \fI command and response\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The receive ready (RR) supervisory frame is used by the DCE
- .ce
- or DTE to:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 1)
- .ce
- indicate it is ready to receive an I frame; and
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2)
- .ce
- acknowledge previously received I frames numbered up to and
- .ce
- including N(R)\ \(em\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- An RR frame may be used to indicate the clearance of a busy
- .ce
- condition that was reported by the earlier transmission of an RNR frame
- by that same station (DCE or\ DTE). In addition to indicating the DCE or
- DTE status, the RR command with the P\ bit set to\ 1 may be used by the
- DCE or DTE to ask for the status of the DTE or DCE, respectively.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.4.3
- .ce
- \fIReceive not ready (RNR) command and response\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The receive not ready (RNR) supervisory frame is used by the DCE or DTE
- to indicate a busy condition; i.e.\ temporary inability to accept
- .ce
- additional incoming I\ frames. I\ frames numbered up to and including N(R)\
- \(em\ 1
- .ce
- are acknowledged. I\ frame N(R) and any subsequent I\ frames received, if any,
- .ce
- are not acknowledged; the acceptance status of these I\ frames will be
- indicated in subsequent exchanges.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- In addition to indicating the DCE or DTE status, the RNR command with the
- P bit set to\ 1 may be used by an DCE or DTE to ask for the status of the
- .ce
- DTE or DCE, respectively.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.4.4
- .ce
- \fIReject (REJ) command and response\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The reject (REJ) supervisory frame is used by the DCE or DTE to request
- transmission of I\ frames starting with the frame numbered N(R).
- .ce
- I\ frames numbered N(R)\ \(em\ 1 and below are acknowledged. Additional
- I\ frames
- .ce
- pending initial transmission may be transmitted following the retransmitted
- .ce
- I\ frame(s).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- Only one REJ exception condition for a given direction of information transfer
- may be established at any time. The REJ exception condition is cleared
- (reset) upon the receipt of an I\ frame with an N(S) equal to the N(R)
- of the
- .ce
- REJ\ frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- An REJ frame may be used to indicate the clearance of a busy condition
- that was reported by the earlier transmission of an RNR frame by that same
- .ce
- station (DCE or\ DTE). In addition to indicating the DCE or DTE status, the
- .ce
- REJ\ command with the P bit set to\ 1 may be used by the DCE or\ DTE to ask for
- .ce
- the status of the DTE or\ DCE, respectively.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- \fR
- .ce
- 2.3.4.5
- .ce
- \fISet asynchronous balanced mode (SABM)\fR
- .ce
- \fIcommand/\fR
- .ce
- \fISet asynchronous balanced mode extended (SABME)\fR
- .ce
-
- .ce
- \fIcommand (subscription time option)\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- The SABM unnumbered command is used to place the addressed DCE or DTE in
- an asynchronous balanced mode (ABM) information transfer phase where all
- command/response control fields will be one\ octet in length.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The SABME unnumbered command is used to place the addressed DCE or DTE
- in an asynchronous balanced mode\ (ABM) information transfer phase where
- .ce
- numbered command/response control fields will be two octets in length, and
- .ce
- unnumbered command/response control fields will be one octet in length.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- No information field is permitted with the SABM or SABME command. The transmission
- of a SABM/SABME command indicates the clearance of a busy
- .ce
- condition that was reported by the earlier trans
- .ce
- mission\ of an RNR\ frame by that
- .ce
- same station (DCE or\ DTE). The DCE or DTE confirms acceptance of SABM/SABME
- .ce
- [modulo\ 8 (basic) operation/modulo\ 128 (extended) operation] command by the
- .ce
- transmission, at the first opportunity, of a UA\ response. Upon acceptance of
- .ce
- this command, the DCE or DTE send state variable\ V(S) and receive state
- .ce
- variable V(R) are set to\ 0.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Previously transmitted I\ frames that are unacknowledged when this
- .ce
- command is actioned remain unac
- .ce
- knowledged.\ It is the responsibility of a
- .ce
- higher layer (e.g.\ Packet Layer or MLP) to recover from the possible loss of
- .ce
- the contents (e.g.\ packets) of such I\ frames.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- \fINote\fR
- .ce
- \ \(em\ The mode of operation of a data link [basic (modulo 8) or
- .ce
- extended (modulo\ 128)] is determined at subscription time and is only
- changed by going through a new subscription process.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.4.6
- .ce
- \fIDisconnect (DISC)\fR
- .ce
- \fI command\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DISC unnumbered command is used to terminate the mode
- .ce
- previously set. It is used to inform the DCE or DTE receiving the DISC
- command that the DTE or DCE sending the DISC command is suspending operation.
- No
- .ce
- information field is permitted with the DISC command. Prior to actioning the
- .ce
- DISC command, the DCE or DTE receiving the DISC command confirms the acceptance
- of the DISC command by the transmission of a UA response. The DTE or DCE
- .ce
- sending the DISC command enters the disconnected phase when it receives the
- .ce
- acknowledging UA response.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Previously transmitted I frames that are unacknowledged when this
- .ce
- command is actioned remain unacknowledged. It is the responsibility of
- a higher layer (e.g.\ Packet Layer or MLP) to recover from the possible
- loss of the
- .ce
- contents (e.g.,\ packets) of such I frames.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.4.7
- .ce
- \fIUnnumbered acknowledgement (UA)\fR
- .ce
- \fI response\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The UA unnumbered response is used by the DCE or DTE to acknowledge the
- receipt and acceptance of the mode\(hysetting commands. Received mode\(hysetting
- commands are not actioned until the UA response is transmitted. The
- .ce
- transmission of a UA response indicates the clearance of a busy condition
- that was reported by the earlier transmission of an RNR frame by that same
- station (DCE or DTE). No information field is permitted with the UA response.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.3.4.8
- .ce
- \fIDisconnected mode (DM)\fR
- .ce
- \fI response\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DM unnumbered response is used to report a status where the DCE or
- DTE is logically disconnected from the data link, and is in the disconnected
- phase. The DM response may be sent to indicate that the DCE or DTE has
- entered the disconnected phase without benefit of having received a DISC
- command, or, if sent in response to the reception of a mode setting command,
- is sent to
- .ce
- inform the DTE or DCE that the DCE or DTE, respectively, is still in the
- .ce
- disconnected phase and cannot execute the set mode command. No information
- .ce
- field is permitted with the DM response.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- A DCE or DTE in a disconnected phase will monitor received commands
- .ce
- and will react to an SABM/SABME command as outlined in \(sc\ 2.4.4 below,
- and will respond with a DM response with the F bit set to\ 1 to any other
- command
- .ce
- received with the P\ bit set to\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.4.9
- .ce
- \fIFrame reject (FRMR)\fR
- .ce
- \fI response\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The FRMR unnumbered response is used by the DCE or DTE to report an error
- condition not recoverable by retransmission of the identical frame;
- .ce
- i.e.\ at least one of the following conditions, which results from the
- receipt of a valid frame:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 1)
- .ce
- the receipt of a command or response control field that is
- .ce
- undefined or not implemented;
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2)
- .ce
- the receipt of an I frame with an information field which
- .ce
- exceeds the maximum established length;
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 3)
- .ce
- the receipt of an invalid N(R); or
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 4)
- .ce
- the receipt of a frame with an information field which is
- .ce
- not permitted or the receipt of a supervisory or unnumbered
- .ce
- frame with incorrect length.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- An undefined or not implemented control field is any of the
- .ce
- control field encodings that are not identified in Tables\ 5/X.25 or\ 6/X.25.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- A valid N(R) must be within the range from the lowest send sequence
- .ce
- number N(S) of the still unacknowledged frame(s) to the current DCE send
- state variable inclusive (or to the current internal variable \fIx\fR
- .ce
- if the DCE is in
- .ce
- the timer recovery condition as described in \(sc\ 2.4.5.9).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- An information field which immediately follows the control field, and consists
- of\ 3 or 5\ octets [modulo\ 8 (basic) operation or modulo\ 128 (extended)
- operation, respectively], is returned with this response and provides the
- .ce
- reason for the FRMR response. These formats are given in Tables\ 7/X.25
- .ce
- and\ 8/X.25.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.5
- .ce
- \fIException condition reporting and recovery\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The error recovery procedures which are available to effect
- .ce
- recovery following the detection/occurrence of an
- .ce
- exception condition
- .ce
- at the Data Link Layer are described below. Exception conditions described
- are those situations which may occur as the result of transmission errors,
- DCE or DTE malfunction, or operational situations.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.5.1
- .ce
- \fIBusy condition\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The busy condition results when the DCE or DTE is temporarily
- .ce
- unable to continue to receive I frames due to internal constraints,
- .ce
- e.g.\ receive buffering limitations. In this case an RNR frame is transmitted
- .ce
- from the busy DCE or DTE. I\ frames pending transmission may be transmitted
- from the busy DCE or DTE prior to or following the RNR\ frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- An indication that the busy condition has cleared is communicated by the
- transmission of a UA (only in response to a SABM/SABME command), RR, REJ
- or SABM/SABME (modulo\ 8/modulo\ 128) frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- .line
- .ce
- \fBTable 7/X.25 [T7.25], p.\fR
- .ce
- .line
- .ce
- \fBTable 8/X.25 [T8.25], p.\fR
- .ce
- 2.3.5.2
- .ce
- \fIN(S) sequence error condition\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The information field of all I frames received whose N(S) does not equal
- the receive state variable V(R) will be discarded.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- An N(S) sequence error exception condition occurs in the receiver when
- an I\ frame received contains an N(S) which is not equal to the receive
- state
- .ce
- variable V(R) at the receiver. The receiver does not acknowledge (increment
- its receive state variable) the I\ frame causing the sequence error, or
- any I\ frame which may follow, until an I\ frame with the correct N(S)
- is received.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- A DCE or DTE which receives one or more valid I frames having sequence
- errors or subsequent supervisory frames (RR, RNR and REJ) shall accept
- the
- .ce
- control information contained in the N(R) field and the P or F bit to perform
- data link control functions; e.g.\ to receive acknowledgement of previously
- .ce
- transmitted I\ frames and to cause the DCE or DTE to respond (P bit set to 1).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- The means specified in \(sc\(sc\ 2.3.5.2.1 and 2.3.5.2.2 shall be available
- for initiating the retransmission of lost or errored I\ frames following
- the
- .ce
- occurrence of an N(S) sequence error condition.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.5.2.1
- .ce
- \fIREJ recovery\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The REJ frame is used by a receiving DCE or DTE to initiate a
- .ce
- recovery (retransmission) following the detection of an N(S) sequence error.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- With respect to each direction of transmission on the data link, only one
- \*Qsent REJ\*U exception condition from a DCE or DTE, to a DTE or DCE,
- is
- .ce
- established at a time. A \*Qsent REJ\*U exception condition is cleared when the
- .ce
- requested I\ frame is received.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- A DCE or DTE receiving a REJ frame initiates sequential
- .ce
- (re\(hy)transmission of I\ frames starting with the I\ frame indicated
- by the N(R) contained in the REJ frame. The retransmitted frames may contain
- an N(R) and a P bit that are updated from, and therefore different from,
- the ones contained in the originally transmitted I\ frames.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.5.2.2
- .ce
- \fITime\(hyout recovery\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If a DCE or DTE, due to a transmission error, does not receive (or receives
- and discards) a single I\ frame or the last I\ frame(s) in a sequence of
- I\ frames, it will not detect an N(S) sequence error condition and, therefore,
- will not transmit a REJ frame. The DTE or DCE which transmitted the
- .ce
- unacknowledged I\ frame(s) shall, following the completion of a system
- specified time\(hyout period (see \(sc\(sc\ 2.4.5.1 and 2.4.5.9 below),
- take appropriate recovery action to determine at which I\ frame retransmission
- must begin. The
- .ce
- retransmitted frame(s) may contain an N(R) and a P bit that is updated from,
- .ce
- and therefore different from, the ones contained in the originally transmitted
- frame(s).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.5.3
- .ce
- \fIInvalid frame\fR
- .ce
- \fI condition\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Any frame which is invalid will be discarded, and no action is
- .ce
- taken as the result of that frame. An invalid frame is defined as one
- .ce
- which:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- a)
- .ce
- is not properly bounded by two flags;
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- b)
- .ce
- in basic (modulo 8) operation, contains fewer than 32 bits
- .ce
- between flags; in extended (modulo\ 128) operation, contains
- .ce
- fewer than 40\ bits between flags of frames that contain sequence
- .ce
- numbers or 32\ bits between flags of frames that do not contain
- .ce
- sequence numbers;
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- c)
- .ce
- contains a Frame Check Sequence (FCS) error; or
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- d)
- .ce
- contains an address other than A or B (for single link
- .ce
- operation) or other than C or D (for multilink operation).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- For those networks that are octet aligned, a detection of
- .ce
- non\(hyoctet alignment may be made at the Data Link Layer by adding a frame
- .ce
- validity check that requires the number of bits between the opening flag and
- .ce
- the closing flag, excluding bits inserted for transparency, to be an integral
- number of octets in length, or the frame is considered invalid.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.5.4
- .ce
- \fIFrame rejection\fR
- .ce
- \fI condition\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- A frame rejection condition is established upon the receipt of an error\(hyfree
- frame with one of the conditions listed in \(sc\ 2.3.4.9 above.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- At the DCE or DTE, this frame rejection exception condition is
- .ce
- reported by an FRMR response for appropriate DTE or DCE action, respectively.
- Once a DCE has established such an exception condition, no additional I\
- frames are accepted until the condition is reset by the DTE, except for
- examination of the P bit. The FRMR response may be repeated at each opportunity,
- as specified in \(sc\ 2.4.7.3, until recovery is effected by the DTE, or
- until the DCE initiates its own recovery in case the DTE does not respond.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.5.5
- .ce
- \fIExcessive idle channel state condition on incoming\fR
- .ce
-
- .ce
- \fIchannel\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Upon detection of an idle channel state condition (see \(sc\ 2.2.12.2 above)
- on the incoming channel, the DCE shall wait for a period\ T3 (see
- .ce
- \(sc\ 2.4.8.3 below) without taking any specific action, waiting for detection
- of a return to the active channel state (i.e.,\ detection of at least one
- flag
- .ce
- sequence). After the period\ T3, the DCE shall notify the higher layer
- (e.g.\ the Packet Layer or the MLP) of the excessive idle channel state
- condition, but
- .ce
- shall not take any action that would preclude the DTE from establishing the
- .ce
- data link by normal data link set\(hyup procedures.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- \fINote\fR
- .ce
- \ \(em\ Other actions to be taken by the DCE at the Data Link Layer upon
- expiration of period\ T3 is a subject for further study.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.4
- .ce
- \fIDescription of the \fR
- .ce
- \fILAPB procedure\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.1
- .ce
- \fILAPB basic and extended modes of operation\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- In accordance with the system choice made by the DTE at
- .ce
- subscription time, the DCE will either support modulo\ 8 (basic) operation or
- .ce
- will support modulo\ 128 (extended) operation. Changing from basic operation
- to extended operation, or vice versa, in the DCE requires resubscription
- by the
- .ce
- DTE for the desired service, and is not supported dynamically.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Table 5/X.25 indicates the command and response control field formats used
- with the basic (modulo\ 8) service. The mode\(hysetting command employed
- to
- .ce
- initialize (set up) or reset the basic mode is the SABM command. Table
- 6/X.25 indicates the command and response control field formats used with
- the extended (modulo\ 128) service. The mode\(hysetting command employed
- to initialize (set up) or reset the extended mode is the SABME command.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.2
- .ce
- \fILAPB procedure for addressing\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The address field identifies a frame as either a command or a
- .ce
- response. A command frame contains the address of the DCE or DTE to which
- the command is being sent. A response frame contains the address of the
- DCE or DTE sending the frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- In order to allow differentiation between single link operation and
- .ce
- the optional multilink operation for diagnostic and/or maintenance reasons,
- .ce
- different address pair encodings are assigned to data links operating with
- .ce
- multilink procedure compared to data links operating with the single link
- .ce
- procedure.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Frames containing commands transferred from the DCE to the DTE will
- .ce
- contain the address\ A for the single link operation and address\ C for the
- .ce
- multilink operation.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Frames containing responses transferred from the DCE to the DTE will contain
- the address\ B for the single link operation and address\ D for the
- .ce
- multilink operation.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- Frames containing commands transferred from the DTE to the DCE shall contain
- the address\ B for the single link operation and address\ D for the
- .ce
- multilink operation.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Frames containing responses transferred from the DTE to the DCE shall contain
- the address\ A for the single link operation and address\ C for the
- .ce
- multilink operation.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- These addresses are coded as follows:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Address
- .ce
- 1\ 2\ 3\ 4\ 5\ 6\ 7\ 8
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Single link operation
- .ce
- \ \ A
- .ce
- 1\ 1\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0
- .ce
- .line
- .ce
- \ \ B
- .ce
- 1\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Multilink operation
- .ce
- \ \ C
- .ce
- 1\ 1\ 1\ 1\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0
- .ce
- .line
- .ce
- \ \ D
- .ce
- 1\ 1\ 1\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- \fINote\fR
- .ce
- \ \(em\ The DCE will discard all frames received with an address other
- than\ A or\ B (single link operation), or\ C or\ D (multilink operation).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.3
- .ce
- \fILAPB procedure for the use of the P/F bit\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE or DTE receiving an SABM/SABME, DISC, supervisory command or I\
- frame with the P\ bit set to\ 1 will set the F\ bit to\ 1 in the next response
- frame it transmits.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The response frame returned by the DCE to an SABM/SABME or DISC
- .ce
- command with the P\ bit set to\ 1 will be a UA or DM response with the
- F\ bit set to\ 1. The response frame returned by the DCE to an I\ frame
- with the P\ bit set to\ 1, received during the information transfer phase,
- will be an RR, REJ, RNR or FRMR response with the F\ bit set to\ 1. The
- response frame returned by the
- .ce
- DCE to a supervisory command with the P\ bit set to\ 1, received during the
- .ce
- information transfer phase, will be an RR, REJ, RNR or FRMR response with
- the F\ bit set to\ 1. The response frame returned by the DCE to an I\ frame
- or
- .ce
- supervisory frame with the P\ bit set to\ 1, received during the disconnected
- .ce
- phase, will be a DM response with the F\ bit set to\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The P bit may be used by the DCE in conjunction with the timer
- .ce
- recovery condition (see \(sc\ 2.4.5.9 below).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- \fINote\fR
- .ce
- \ \(em\ Other use of the P bit by the DCE is a subject for further
- .ce
- study.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4
- .ce
- \fILAPB procedure for data link set\(hyup and disconnection\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.4.4.1
- .ce
- \fIData link set\(hyup\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE will indicate that it is able to set up the data link by
- .ce
- transmitting contiguous flags (active channel state).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Either the DTE or the DCE may initiate data link set\(hyup. Prior to
- .ce
- initiation of data link set\(hyup, either the DCE or the DTE may initiate data
- .ce
- link
- .ce
- disconnection (see \(sc\ 2.4.4.3) for the purpose of insuring that the
- DCE and the DTE are in the same phase. The DCE may also transmit an unsolicited
- DM response to request the DTE to initiate data link set\(hyup.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DTE shall initiate data link set\(hyup by transmitting an SABM/SABME
- command to the DCE. If, upon receipt of the SABM/SABME command correctly,
- the DCE determines that it can enter the information transfer phase, it
- will return a UA response to the DTE, will reset its send and receive state
- variables V(S) and V(R) to zero, and will consider that the data link is
- set up. If, upon
- .ce
- receipt
- .ce
- of the SABM/SABME command correctly, the DCE determines that it cannot enter
- .ce
- the information transfer phase, it will return a DM response to the DTE as a
- .ce
- denial to the data link set\(hyup initialization and will consider that the
- .ce
- data link is
- .ce
- \fInot\fR
- .ce
- set up. In order to avoid misinterpretation of the DM response received,
- it is suggested that the DTE always sends its SABM/SABME command with the
- P\ bit set to\ 1. Otherwise, it is not possible to differentiate a DM response
- intended as a denial to data link set\(hyup from a DM response that is
- issued in a separate unsolicited sense as a request for a mode\(hysetting
- command (as described
- .ce
- in\ \(sc\ 2.4.4.4.2).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE will initiate data link set\(hyup by transmitting an SABM/SABME
- command to the DTE and starting its Timer\ T1 in order to determine when
- too
- .ce
- much time has elapsed waiting for a reply (see \(sc\ 2.4.8.1 below). Upon
- reception of a UA response from the DTE, the DCE will reset its send and
- receive state
- .ce
- variables\ V(S) and\ V(R) to zero, will stop its Timer\ T1, and will consider
- that the data link is set up. Upon reception of a DM response from the
- DTE as a
- .ce
- denial
- .ce
- to the data link set\(hyup initialization, the DCE will stop its Timer\
- T1 and will consider that the data link is \fInot\fR
- .ce
- set up.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- The DCE, having sent the SABM/SABME command, will ignore and discard any
- frames except an SABM/SABME or DISC command, or a UA or DM response
- .ce
- received from the DTE. The receipt of an SABM/SABME or DISC command from the
- .ce
- DTE will result in a collision situation that is resolved per \(sc\ 2.4.4.5
- below. Frames other than the UA and DM responses sent in response to a
- received
- .ce
- SABM/SABME or DISC command will be sent only after the data link is set
- up and if no outstanding SABM/SABME command exists.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- After the DCE sends the SABM/SABME command, if a UA or DM response is not
- received correctly, Timer\ T1 will run out in the DCE. The DCE will then
- .ce
- resend the SABM/SABME command and will restart Timer\ T1. After transmission
- of the SABM/SABME command N2 times by the DCE, appropriate higher layer
- recovery action will be initiated. The value of N2 is defined in \(sc\
- 2.4.8.4 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4.2
- .ce
- \fIInformation transfer phase\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- After having transmitted the UA response to the SABM/SABME command or having
- received the UA response to a transmitted SABM/SABME command, the DCE will
- accept and transmit I and supervisory frames according to the procedures
- described in \(sc\ 2.4.5 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- When receiving the SABM/SABME command while in the information
- .ce
- transfer phase, the DCE will conform to the data link resetting procedure
- .ce
- described in \(sc\ 2.4.7 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4.3
- .ce
- \fIData link disconnection\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DTE shall initiate a disconnect of the data link by
- .ce
- transmitting a DISC command to the DCE. On correctly receiving a DISC command
- in the information transfer phase, the DCE will send a UA response and
- enter
- .ce
- the disconnected phase. On correctly receiving a DISC command in the
- .ce
- disconnected phase, the DCE will send a DM response and remain in the
- .ce
- disconnected phase. In order to avoid misinterpretation of the DM response
- .ce
- received, it is suggested that the DTE always sends its DISC command with
- the P\ bit set to\ 1. Otherwise, it is not possible to differentiate a
- DM response
- .ce
- intended as an indication that the DCE is already in the disconnected phase
- .ce
- from a DM response that is issued in a separate unsolicited sense as a
- request for a mode\(hysetting command (as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.4.2).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- The DCE will initiate a disconnect of the data link by transmitting a DISC
- command to the DTE and starting its Timer\ T1 (see \(sc\ 2.4.8.1 below).
- Upon reception of an UA response from the DTE, the DCE will stop its Timer\
- T1 and
- .ce
- will enter the disconnected phase. Upon reception of a DM response from
- the DTE as an indication that the DTE was already in the disconnected phase,
- the DCE
- .ce
- will stop its Timer\ T1 and will enter the disconnected phase.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE, having sent the DISC command, will ignore and discard any
- .ce
- frames except an SABM/SABME or DISC command, or a UA or DM response received
- .ce
- from the DTE. The receipt of an SABM/SABME or DISC command from the DTE will
- .ce
- result in a collision situation that is resolved per \(sc\ 2.4.4.5 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- After the DCE sends the DISC command, if a UA or DM response is not
- .ce
- received correctly, Timer\ T1 will run out in the DCE. The DCE will then
- resend the DISC command and will restart Timer\ T1. After transmission
- of the DISC
- .ce
- command N2 times by the DCE, appropriate higher layer recovery action will
- be initiated. The value of N2 is defined in \(sc\ 2.4.8.4 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4.4
- .ce
- \fIDisconnected phase\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4.4.1
- .ce
- After having received a DISC command from the DTE and
- .ce
- returned a UA response to the DTE, or having received the UA response to a
- .ce
- transmitted DISC command, the DCE will enter the disconnected phase.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- In the disconnected phase, the DCE may initiate data link set\(hyup. In
- the disconnected phase, the DCE will react to the receipt of an SABM/SABME
- command as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1 above and will transmit a DM response
- in
- .ce
- answer to a received DISC command. When receiving any other command (defined,
- or undefined or not implemented) with the P\ bit set to\ 1, the DCE will
- transmit a DM response with the F\ bit set to\ 1. Other frames received
- in the
- .ce
- disconnected phase will be ignored by the DCE.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4.4.2
- .ce
- When the DCE enters the disconnected phase after
- .ce
- detecting error conditions as listed in \(sc\ 2.4.6 below, or after an internal
- .ce
- malfunction, it may indicate this by sending a DM response rather than
- a DISC command. In these cases, the DCE will transmit a DM response and
- start its
- .ce
- Timer\ T1 (see \(sc\ 2.4.8.1 below).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If Timer T1 runs out before the reception of an SABM/SABME or DISC command
- from the DTE, the DCE will retransmit the DM response and restart
- .ce
- Timer\ T1. After transmission of the DM response N2 times, the DCE will
- remain in the disconnected phase and appropriate recovery actions will
- be initiated. The value of N2 is defined in \(sc\ 2.4.8.4 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Alternatively, after an internal malfunction, the DCE may either
- .ce
- initiate a data link resetting procedure (see \(sc\ 2.4.7 below) or disconnect
- the data link (see \(sc\ 2.4.4.3 above) prior to initiating a data link
- set\(hyup
- .ce
- procedure (see \(sc\ 2.4.4.1 above).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4.5
- .ce
- \fICollision of unnumbered commands\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Collision situations shall be resolved in the following way:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4.5.1
- .ce
- If the sent and received unnumbered commands are the
- .ce
- same, the DCE and the DTE shall each send the UA response at the earliest
- .ce
- possible opportunity. The DCE shall enter the indicated phase either,
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 1)
- .ce
- after receiving the UA response,
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2)
- .ce
- after sending the UA response, or
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 3)
- .ce
- after timing out waiting for the UA response having sent a
- .ce
- UA response.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- In the case of 2) above, the DCE will accept a subsequent UA
- .ce
- response to the mode\(hysetting command it issued without causing an exception
- .ce
- condition if received within the time\(hyout interval.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.4.4.5.2
- .ce
- If the sent and received unnumbered commands are
- .ce
- different, the DCE and the DTE shall each enter the disconnected phase and
- .ce
- issue a DM response at the earliest possible opportunity.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4.6
- .ce
- \fICollision of DM response with SABM/SABME or DISC\fR
- .ce
-
- .ce
- \fIcommand\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- When a DM response is issued by the DCE or DTE as an unsolicited
- .ce
- response to request the DTE or DCE, respectively, to issue a mode\(hysetting
- .ce
- command as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.4, a collision between an SABM/SABME
- or DISC
- .ce
- command and the unsolicited DM response may occur. In order to avoid
- .ce
- misinterpretation of the DM response received, the DTE always sends its
- .ce
- SABM/SABME or DISC command with the P\ bit set to\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4.7
- .ce
- \fICollision of DM responses\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- A contention situation may occur when both the DCE and the DTE
- .ce
- issue a DM response to request a mode\(hysetting command. In this case, the DTE
- .ce
- will issue an SABM/SABME command to resolve the contention situation.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.4.5
- .ce
- \fILAPB procedures for information transfer\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The procedures which apply to the transmission of I\ frames in each direction
- during the information transfer phase are described below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- In the following, \*Qnumber one higher\*U is in reference to a
- .ce
- continuously repeated sequence series, i.e., 7 is 1\ higher than 6 and 0 is
- .ce
- 1\ higher than 7 for modulo\ 8 series, and 127 is 1\ higher than 126 and 0 is
- .ce
- 1\ higher than 127 for modulo\ 128 series.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.5.1
- .ce
- \fISending I frames\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- When the DCE has an I frame to transmit (i.e. an I frame not
- .ce
- already transmitted, or having to be retransmitted as described in \(sc\
- 2.4.5.6
- .ce
- below), it will transmit it with an N(S) equal to its current send state
- .ce
- variable V(S), and an N(R) equal to its current receive state variable
- V(R). At the end of the transmission of the I\ frame, the DCE will increment
- its send
- .ce
- state variable V(S) by\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If Timer T1 is not running at the time of transmission of an I frame, it
- will be started.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If the send state variable V(S) is equal to the last value of N(R)
- .ce
- received plus \fIk\fR
- .ce
- (where \fIk\fR
- .ce
- is the maximum number of outstanding I\ frames \(em
- .ce
- see \(sc\ 2.4.8.6 below), the DCE will not transmit any new I\ frames, but may
- .ce
- retransmit an I\ frame as described in \(sc\(sc\ 2.4.5.6 or 2.4.5.9 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- When the DCE is in the busy condition, it may still transmit I frames,
- provided that the DTE is not busy. When the DCE is in the frame rejection
- .ce
- condition, it will stop transmitting I\ frames.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.5.2
- .ce
- \fIReceiving an I frame\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.5.2.1
- .ce
- When the DCE is not in a busy condition and receives a valid I\ frame whose
- send sequence number N(S) is equal to the DCE receive state
- .ce
- variable V(R), the DCE will accept the information field of this frame,
- .ce
- increment by one its receive state variable V(R), and act as follows:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- a)
- .ce
- If the DCE is still not in a busy condition:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- i)
- .ce
- If an I frame is available for transmission by the
- .ce
- DCE, it may act as in \(sc\ 2.4.5.1 above and acknowledge
- .ce
- the received I frame by setting N(R) in the control field
- .ce
- of the next transmitted I\ frame to the value of the DCE
- .ce
- receive state variable V(R). Alternatively, the DCE may
- .ce
- acknowledge the received I\ frame by transmitting an RR
- .ce
- frame with the N(R) equal to the value of the DCE receive
- .ce
- state variable V(R).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- ii)
- .ce
- If no I frame is available for transmission by the
- .ce
- DCE, it will transmit an RR frame with N(R) equal to the
- .ce
- value of the DCE receive state variable V(R).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- b)
- .ce
- If the DCE is now in a busy condition, it will transmit an
- .ce
- RNR frame with N(R) equal to the value of the DCE receive
- .ce
- state variable V(R) (see \(sc\ 2.4.5.8).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.4.5.2.2
- .ce
- When the DCE is in a busy condition, it may ignore the
- .ce
- information field contained in any received I\ frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.5.3
- .ce
- \fIReception of invalid frames\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- When the DCE receives an invalid frame (see \(sc\ 2.3.5.3), this frame
- will be discarded.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.5.4
- .ce
- \fIReception of out\(hyof\(hysequence I frames\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- When the DCE receives a valid I frame whose send sequence number
- .ce
- N(S) is incorrect, i.e.,\ not equal to the current DCE receive state variable
- .ce
- V(R), it will discard the information field of the I\ frame and transmit
- an REJ frame with the N(R) set to one higher than the N(S) of the last
- correctly
- .ce
- received I\ frame. The REJ frame will be a command frame with the P\ bit
- set to\ 1 if an acknowledged transfer of the retransmission request is
- required;
- .ce
- otherwise the REJ frame may be either a command or a response frame. The DCE
- .ce
- will then discard the information field of all I\ frames received until the
- .ce
- expected I\ frame is correctly received. When receiving the expected I\ frame,
- .ce
- the DCE will then acknowledge the I\ frame as described in \(sc\ 2.4.5.2
- above. The DCE will use the N(R) and P\ bit information in the discarded
- I\ frames as
- .ce
- described in \(sc\ 2.3.5.2 above.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.5.5
- .ce
- \fIReceiving acknowledgement\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- When correctly receiving an I frame or a supervisory frame (RR, RNR or
- REJ), even in the busy condition, the DCE will consider the N(R) contained
- in this frame as an acknowledgement for all I\ frames it has transmitted
- with an N(S) up to and including the received N(R)\(em1. The DCE will stop
- Timer\ T1 when it correctly receives an I\ frame or a supervisory frame
- with the N(R) higher
- .ce
- than the last received N(R) (actually acknowledging some I\ frames), or
- an REJ frame with an N(R) equal to the last received N(R).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- If Timer T1 has been stopped by the receipt on an I, RR or RNR frame, and
- if there are outstanding I\ frames still unacknowledged, the DCE will
- .ce
- restart Timer\ T1. If Timer\ T1 then runs out, the DCE will follow the
- recovery procedure (\(sc\ 2.4.5.9 below) with respect to the unacknowledged
- I\ frames. If
- .ce
- Timer\ T1 has been stopped by the receipt of an REJ frame, the DCE will
- follow the retransmission procedures in \(sc\ 2.4.5.6 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.5.6
- .ce
- \fIReceiving an REJ frame\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- When receiving an REJ frame, the DCE will set its send state
- .ce
- variable V(S) to the N(R) received in the REJ control field. It will transmit
- the corresponding I\ frame as soon as it is available or retransmit it
- in
- .ce
- accordance with the procedures described in \(sc\ 2.4.5.1 above. (Re)transmission
- will conform to the following procedure:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- i)
- .ce
- if the DCE is transmitting a supervisory command or response
- .ce
- when it receives the REJ frame, it will complete that
- .ce
- transmission before commencing transmission of the requested
- .ce
- I\ frame;
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- ii)
- .ce
- if the DCE is transmitting an unnumbered command or
- .ce
- response when it receives the REJ frame, it will ignore the
- .ce
- request for retransmission;
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- iii)
- .ce
- if the DCE is transmitting an I frame when the REJ frame
- .ce
- is received, it may abort the I\ frame and commence transmission
- .ce
- of the requested I\ frame immediately after abortion;
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- iv)
- .ce
- if the DCE is not transmitting any frame when the REJ frame
- .ce
- is received, it will commence transmission of the requested
- .ce
- I\ frame immediately.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- In all cases, if other unacknowledged I frames had already been
- .ce
- transmitted following the one indicated in the REJ frame, then those I
- frames will be retransmitted by the DCE following the retransmission of
- the requested I\ frame. Other I\ frames not yet transmitted may be transmitted
- following the
- .ce
- retransmitted I\ frames.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If the REJ frame was received from the DTE as a command with the P bit
- set to\ 1, the DCE will transmit an RR, RNR or REJ response with the F
- bit set to\ 1 before transmitting or retransmitting the corresponding I\
- frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.5.7
- .ce
- \fIReceiving an RNR frame\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- After receiving an RNR frame whose N(R) acknowledges all frames
- .ce
- previously transmitted, the DCE will stop Timer\ T1 and may then transmit
- .ce
- an I\ frame, with the P\ bit set to\ 0, whose send sequence number is
- .ce
- equal to the N(R) indicated in the RNR frame, restarting Timer\ T1 as it
- does. After receiving an RNR frame whose N(R) indicates a previously transmitted
- .ce
- frame, the DCE will not transmit or retransmit any I\ frame, Timer\ T1 being
- .ce
- already running. In either case, if the Timer\ T1 runs out before receipt
- of a busy clearance indication, the DCE will follow the procedure described
- in
- .ce
- \(sc\ 2.4.5.9\ below. In any case, the DCE will not transmit any other
- I\ frames
- .ce
- before receiving an RR or REJ frame, or before the completion of a link
- .ce
- resetting procedure.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Alternatively, after receiving an RNR frame, the DCE may wait for a
- .ce
- period of time (e.g.,\ the length of the Timer\ T1) and then transmit a
- .ce
- supervisory command frame (RR, RNR or REJ) with the P\ bit set to\ 1, and
- start Timer\ T1, in order to determine if there is any change in the receive
- status of the DTE. The DTE shall respond to the P\ bit set to\ 1 with a
- supervisory
- .ce
- response frame (RR, RNR or REJ) with the F\ bit set to\ 1 indicating either
- .ce
- continuance of the busy condition (RNR) or clearance of the busy condition
- (RR or REJ). Upon receipt of the DTE response, Timer\ T1 is stopped.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 1)
- .ce
- If the response is the RR or REJ response, the busy
- .ce
- condition is cleared and the DCE may transmit I\ frames beginning
- .ce
- with the I\ frame identified by the N(R) in the received response
- .ce
- frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2)
- .ce
- If the response is the RNR response, the busy condition
- .ce
- still exists, and the DCE will after a period of time (e.g.\ the
- .ce
- length of Timer\ T1) repeat the enquiry of the DTE receive
- .ce
- status.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If Timer T1 runs out before a status response is received, the
- .ce
- enquiry process above is repeated. If N2 attempts to get a status response
- fail (i.e.\ Timer\ T1 runs out N2\ times), the DCE will initiate a data
- link resetting procedure as described in \(sc\ 2.4.7.2\ below or will transmit
- a DM response to ask the DTE to initiate a data link set\(hyup procedure
- as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1 and enter the disconnected phase. The value
- of N2 is defined in \(sc\ 2.4.8.4\ below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- If, at any time during the enquiry process, an unsolicited RR or REJ frame
- is received from the DTE, it will be considered to be an indication of
- .ce
- clearance of the busy condition. Should the unsolicited RR or REJ frame be a
- .ce
- command frame with the P bit set to\ 1, the appropriate response frame
- with the F\ bit set to 1 must be transmitted before the DCE may resume
- transmission of
- .ce
- I\ frames. If Timer\ T1 is running, the DCE will wait for the non\(hybusy
- response with the F bit set to\ 1 or will wait for Timer\ T1 to run out
- and then either
- .ce
- may reinitiate the enquiry process in order to realize a successful P/F bit
- .ce
- exchange or may resume transmission of I frames beginning with the I\ frame
- .ce
- identified by the N(R) in the received RR or REJ frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.5.8
- .ce
- \fIDCE busy condition\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- When the DCE enters a busy condition, it will transmit an RNR frame at
- the earliest opportunity. The RNR frame will be a command frame with the
- P bit set to\ 1 if an acknowledged transfer of the busy condition indication
- is
- .ce
- required; otherwise the RNR frame may be either a command or a response
- frame. While in the busy condition, the DCE will accept and process supervisory
- .ce
- frames, will accept and process the contents of the N(R) fields of I\ frames,
- .ce
- and will return an RNR response with the F bit set to\ 1 if it receives a
- .ce
- supervisory command or I command frame with the P bit set to\ 1. To clear the
- .ce
- busy condition, the DCE will transmit either an REJ frame or an RR frame, with
- .ce
- N(R) set to the current receive state variable V(R), depending on whether or
- .ce
- not it discarded information fields of correctly received I\ frames. The REJ
- .ce
- frame or the RR frame will be a command frame with the P bit set to\ 1 if an
- .ce
- acknowledged transfer of the busy\(hyto\(hynon\(hybusy transition is required,
- otherwise the REJ frame or the RR frame may be either a command or a response
- frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.4.5.9
- .ce
- \fIWaiting acknowledgement\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE maintains an internal transmission attempt variable which is set
- to\ 0 when the DCE sends a UA response, when the DCE receives a UA
- .ce
- response or an RNR command or response, or when the DCE correctly receives
- an I\ frame or supervisory frame with the N(R) higher than the last received
- N(R) (actually acknowledging some outstanding I\ frames).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If Timer T1 runs out waiting for the acknowledgement from the DTE for an
- I\ frame transmitted, the DCE will enter the timer recovery condition,
- add
- .ce
- one to its transmission attempt variable and set an internal variable \fIx\fR
- .ce
- to
- .ce
- the current value of its send state variable V(S). The DCE will then restart
- .ce
- Timer T1, set its send state variable V(S) to the last value of N(R) received
- from the DTE and retransmit the corresponding I\ frame with the P bit set
- to\ 1, or transmit an appropriate supervisory command frame (RR, RNR or
- REJ) with the P\ bit set to\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- The timer recovery condition is cleared when the DCE receives a valid supervisory
- frame with the F\ bit\ set to\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If, while in the timer recovery condition, the DCE correctly receives a
- supervisory frame with the F bit set to\ 1 and with the N(R) within the
- range from its current send state variable V(S) to \fIx\fR
- .ce
- included, it will clear the
- .ce
- timer recovery condition (including stopping Timer\ T1) and set its send
- state variable V(S) to the value of the received N(R), and may then resume
- with
- .ce
- I\ frame transmission or retransmission, as appropriate.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If, while in the timer recovery condition, the DCE correctly receives an
- I or supervisory frame with the P/F bit set to\ 0 and with a valid N(R)
- (see \(sc\ 2.3.4.9), it will not clear the timer recovery condition. The
- value of the
- .ce
- received N(R) may be used to update the send state variable V(S). However,
- the DCE may decide to keep the last transmitted I\ frame in store (even
- if it is
- .ce
- acknowledged) in order to be able to retransmit it with the P bit set to\
- 1 when Timer\ T1 runs out at a later time.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- If the received supervisory frame with the P/F bit set to\ 0 is an REJ
- frame with a valid N(R), the DCE may either immediately initiate
- .ce
- (re)transmission from the value of the send state variable V(S), or it may
- .ce
- ignore the request for retransmission and wait until the supervisory frame
- with the F bit set to\ 1 is received before initiating (re)transmission
- of frames
- .ce
- from the value identified in the N(R) field of the supervisory frame with
- the F\ bit set to\ 1. In the case of immediate retransmission, in order
- to prevent
- .ce
- duplicate retransmissions following the clearance of the timer recovery
- .ce
- condition, the DCE shall inhibit retransmission of a specific I\ frame [same
- .ce
- N(R) in the same numbering cycle] if the DCE has retransmitted that I\
- frame as the result of a received REJ frame with the P/F bit set to\ 0.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If, while in the timer recovery condition, the DCE receives a REJ
- .ce
- command with the P bit set to\ 1, the DCE will respond immediately with an
- .ce
- appropriate supervisory response with the F bit set to\ 1. The DCE may
- then use the value of the N(R) in the REJ command to update the send state
- variable
- .ce
- V(S), and may either immediately begin (re)transmission from the value N(R)
- .ce
- indicated in the REJ frame or ignore the request for retransmission and wait
- .ce
- until the supervisory frame with the F bit set to\ 1 is received before
- .ce
- initiating (re)transmission of I\ frames from the value identified in the
- N(R) field of the supervisory frame with the F\ bit set to\ 1. In the case
- of
- .ce
- immediate retransmission, in order to prevent duplicate retransmissions
- .ce
- following the clearance of the timer recovery condition, the DCE shall
- inhibit retransmission of a specific I\ frame [same N(R) in the same numbering
- cycle]
- .ce
- if the DCE has retransmitted that I\ frame as the result of the received REJ
- .ce
- command with the P\ bit set to\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If Timer T1 runs out in the timer recovery condition, and no I or
- .ce
- supervisory frame with the P/F bit set to 0 and with a valid N(R) has been
- .ce
- received, or no REJ command with the P bit set to\ 1 and with a valid N(R)
- has been received, the DCE will add one to its transmission attempt variable,
- .ce
- restart Timer\ T1, and either retransmit the I frame sent with the P bit set
- .ce
- to\ 1 or transmit an appropriate supervisory command with the P bit set to\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- If the transmission attempt variable is equal to N2, the DCE will
- .ce
- initiate a data link resetting procedure as described in \(sc\ 2.4.7.2
- below, or
- .ce
- will transmit a DM response to ask the DTE to initiate a data link set\(hyup
- .ce
- procedure as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1 above and enter the disconnected
- phase. N2 is a system parameter (see \(sc\ 2.4.8.4 below).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- \fINote\fR
- .ce
- \ \(em\ Although the DCE may implement the internal variable \fIx\fR
- .ce
- ,
- .ce
- other mechanisms do exist that achieve the identical function.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.6
- .ce
- \fILAPB conditions for \fR
- .ce
- \fIdata link resetting or data link\fR
- .ce
-
- .ce
- \fIre\(hyinitialization\fR
- .ce
- \fI(data link set\(hyup)\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.6.1
- .ce
- When the DCE receives, during the information transfer phase, a
- .ce
- frame which is not invalid (see \(sc\ 2.3.5.3) with one of the conditions
- listed in \(sc\ 2.3.4.9 above, the DCE will request the DTE to initiate
- a data link resetting procedure by transmitting an FRMR response to the
- DTE as described in
- .ce
- \(sc\ 2.4.7.3.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.6.2
- .ce
- When the DCE receives, during the information transfer phase, an FRMR response
- from the DTE, the DCE will either initiate the data link
- .ce
- resetting procedures itself as described in \(sc\ 2.4.7.2 or return a DM
- response to ask the DTE to initiate the data link set\(hyup (initialization)
- procedure as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1. After transmitting a DM response,
- the DCE will enter
- .ce
- the disconnected phase as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.4.2.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.6.3
- .ce
- When the DCE receives, during the information transfer phase, a UA response,
- or an unsolicited response with the F bit set to\ 1, the DCE may
- .ce
- either initiate the data link resetting procedures itself as described in
- .ce
- \(sc\ 2.4.7.2, or return a DM response to ask the DTE to initiate the data link
- .ce
- set\(hyup (initialization) procedure as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1. After
- transmitting a DM response, the DCE will enter the disconnected phase as
- described in
- .ce
- \(sc\ 2.4.4.4.2.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.6.4
- .ce
- When the DCE receives, during the information transfer phase, a DM response
- from the DTE, the DCE will either initiate the data link set\(hyup
- .ce
- (initialization) procedures itself as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1, or return
- a DM
- .ce
- response to ask the DTE to initiate the data link set\(hyup (initialization)
- .ce
- procedures as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1. After transmitting a DM response,
- the DCE will enter the disconnected phase as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.4.2.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.4.7
- .ce
- \fILAPB procedure for data link resetting\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.7.1
- .ce
- The data link resetting procedure is used to initialize both
- .ce
- directions of information transfer according to the procedure described
- below. The data link resetting procedure only applies during the information
- transfer phase.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.7.2
- .ce
- Either the DTE or the DCE may initiate the data link resetting
- .ce
- procedure. The data link resetting procedure indicates a clearance of a DCE
- .ce
- and/or DTE busy condition, if present.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DTE shall initiate a data link resetting by transmitting an
- .ce
- SABM/SABME command to the DCE. If, upon correct receipt of the SABM/SABME
- .ce
- command, the DCE determines that it can continue in the information transfer
- .ce
- phase, it will return a UA response to the DTE, will reset its send and
- receive state variables V(S) and V(R) to zero, and will remain in the information
- .ce
- transfer phase. If, upon correct receipt of the SABM/SABME command, the DCE
- .ce
- determines that it cannot remain in the information transfer phase, it will
- .ce
- return a DM response as a denial to the resetting request and will enter the
- .ce
- disconnected phase.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE will initiate a data link resetting by transmitting an
- .ce
- SABM/SABME command to the DTE and starting its Timer\ T1 (see \(sc\ 2.4.8.1
- below). Upon reception of a UA response from the DTE, the DCE will reset
- its send and receive state variables V(S) and V(R) to zero, will stop its
- Timer\ T1, and will remain in the information transfer phase. Upon reception
- of a DM response from the DTE as a denial to the data link resetting request,
- the DCE will stop its Timer\ T1 and will enter the disconnected phase.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE, having sent an SABM/SABME command, will ignore and discard
- .ce
- any frames received from the DTE except an SABM/SABME or DISC command,
- or a UA or DM response. The receipt of an SABM/SABME or DISC command from
- the DTE will result in a collision situation that is resolved per \(sc\
- 2.4.4.5 above. Frames
- .ce
- other than the UA or DM response sent in response to a received SABM/SABME
- or DISC command will be sent only after the data link is reset and if no
- .ce
- outstanding SABM/SABME command exists.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- After the DCE sends the SABM/SABME command, if a UA or DM response is not
- received correctly, Timer\ T1 will run out in the DCE. The DCE will then
- .ce
- resend the SABM/SABME command and will restart Timer\ T1. After N2 attempts
- to reset the data link, the DCE will initiate appropriate higher layer
- recovery
- .ce
- action and will enter the disconnected phase. The value of N2 is defined in
- .ce
- \(sc\ 2.4.8.4 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.7.3
- .ce
- The DCE may ask the DTE to reset the data link by transmitting an FRMR
- response (see \(sc\ 2.4.6.1 above). After transmitting an FRMR response,
- .ce
- the DCE will enter the frame rejection condition.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The frame rejection condition is cleared when the DCE receives an SABM/SABME
- command, a DISC command, a FRMR response, or a DM response; or if
- .ce
- the DCE transmits an SABM/SABME command, a DISC command, or a DM response.
- .ce
- Other commands received while in the frame rejection condition will cause
- the DCE to retransmit the FRMR response with the same information field
- as
- .ce
- originally transmitted.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE may start Timer\ T1 on transmission of the FRMR response. If
- .ce
- Timer\ T1 runs out before the frame rejection condition is cleared, the
- DCE may retransmit the FRMR response, and restart T1. After N2 attempts
- (time outs) to get the DTE to reset the data link, the DCE may reset the
- data link itself as described in \(sc\ 2.4.7.2 above. The value of N2 is
- defined in \(sc\ 2.4.8.4 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- In the frame rejection condition, I frames and supervisory frames will
- not be transmitted by the DCE. Also, received I frames and supervisory
- frames will be discarded by the DCE except for the observance of a P bit
- set to\ 1.
- .ce
- When an additional FRMR response must be transmitted by the DCE as a result
- of the receipt of a P\ bit set to 1 while Timer\ T1 is running, Timer\
- T1 will
- .ce
- continue to run. Upon reception of an FRMR response (even during a frame
- .ce
- rejection condition), the DCE will initiate a resetting procedure by
- .ce
- transmitting an SABM/SABME command as described in \(sc\ 2.4.7.2 above, or will
- .ce
- transmit a DM response to ask the DTE to initiate the data link set\(hyup
- .ce
- procedure as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1 and enter the disconnected phase.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.8
- .ce
- \fIList of \fR
- .ce
- \fILAPB system parameters\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE and DTE system parameters are as follows:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.4.8.1
- .ce
- \fITimer\fR
- .ce
- \fIT1\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The value of the DTE Timer T1 system parameter may be different
- .ce
- than the value of the DCE Timer T1 system parameter. These values shall
- be made known to both the DTE and the DCE, and agreed to for a period of
- time by both the DTE and the DCE.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The period of Timer T1, at the end of which retransmission of a frame may
- be initiated (see \(sc\ 2.4.4 and \(sc\ 2.4.5 above for the DCE), shall
- take into account whether T1 is started at the beginning or the end of
- the transmission of a frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The proper operation of the procedure requires that the transmitter's (DCE
- or DTE) Timer\ T1 be greater than the maximum time between transmission
- of a frame (SABM/SABME, DISC, I\ or supervisory command, or DM or FRMR
- response)
- .ce
- and the reception of the corresponding frame returned as an answer to that
- .ce
- frame (UA, DM or acknowledging frame). Therefore, the receiver (DCE or DTE)
- .ce
- should not delay the response or acknowledging frame returned to one of the
- .ce
- above frames by more than a value\ T2, where T2 is a system parameter (see
- .ce
- \(sc\ 2.4.8.2).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- The DCE will not delay the response or acknowledging frame returned to
- one of the above DTE frames by more than a period\ T2.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.8.2
- .ce
- \fIParameter T2\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The value of the DTE parameter T2 may be different than the value of the
- DCE parameter T2. These values shall be made known to both the DTE and
- the DCE, and agreed to for a period of time by both the DTE and the DCE.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- The period of parameter T2 shall indicate the amount of time
- .ce
- available at the DCE or DTE before the acknowledging frame must be initiated
- in order to ensure its receipt by the DTE or DCE, respectively, prior to
- Timer\ T1 running out at the DTE or DCE (parameter\ T2\ <\ Timer\ T1).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- \fINote\fR
- .ce
- \ \(em\ The period of parameter T2 shall take into account the
- .ce
- following timing factors: the transmission time of the acknowledging frame,
- the propagation time over the access data link, the stated processing times
- at the DCE and the DTE, and the time to complete the transmission of the
- frame(s) in the DCE or DTE transmit queue that are neither displaceable
- or modifiable in an orderly manner.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- Given a value for Timer T1 for the DTE or DCE, the value of parameter T2
- at the DCE or DTE, respectively, must be no larger than T1 minus\ 2 times
- the propagation time over the access data link, minus the frame processing
- time at the DCE, minus the frame processing time at the DTE, and minus
- the transmission time of the acknowledging frame by the DCE or DTE, respectively.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.4.8.3
- .ce
- \fITimer T3\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE shall support a Timer T3 system parameter, the value of
- .ce
- which shall be made known to the DTE.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The period of Timer T3, at the end of which an indication of an
- .ce
- observed excessively long idle channel state condition is passed to the
- Packet Layer, shall be sufficiently greater than the period of the DCE
- Timer T1
- .ce
- (i.e.\ T3\ >\ T1) so that the expiration of T3 provides the desired level of
- .ce
- assurance that the data link channel is in a non\(hyactive, non\(hyoperational
- state, and is in need of data link set\(hyup before normal data link operation
- can
- .ce
- resume.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.8.4
- .ce
- \fIMaximum number of attempts\fR
- .ce
- \fIto complete a\fR
- .ce
-
- .ce
- \fItransmission N2\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- The value of the DTE N2 system parameter may be different than the value
- of the DCE N2 system parameter. These values shall be made known to both
- the DTE and the DCE, and agreed to for a period of time by both the DTE
- and the DCE.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The value of N2 shall indicate the maximum number of attempts made by the
- DCE or DTE to complete the successful transmission of a frame to the DTE
- or DCE, respectively.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.8.5
- .ce
- \fIMaximum number of bits in an I frame N1\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The value of the DTE N1 system parameter may be different than the value
- of the DCE N1 system parameter. These values shall be made known to both
- the DTE and the DCE.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The values of N1 shall indicate the maximum number of bits in an
- .ce
- I\ frame (excluding flags and 0\ bits inserted for transparency) that the
- DCE or DTE is willing to accept from the DTE or DCE, respectively.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- In order to allow for universal operation, a DTE should support a
- .ce
- value of DTE N1 which is not less than 1080\ bits (135\ octets). DTEs should
- be aware that the network may transmit longer packets (see \(sc\ 5.2),
- that may result in a data link layer problem.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- All networks shall offer to a DTE which requires it, a value of DCE N1
- which is greater than or equal to 2072\ bits (259\ octets) plus the length
- of the address, control and FCS fields at the DTE/DCE interface, and greater
- than or equal to the maximum length of the data packets which may cross
- the DTE/DCE
- .ce
- interface plus the length of the address, control and FCS fields at the
- DTE/DCE interface.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Appendix II provides a description of how the values stated above are derived.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.8.6
- .ce
- \fIMaximum number of \fR
- .ce
- \fIoutstanding I frames k\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The value of the DTE k system parameter shall be the same as the
- .ce
- value of the DCE k system parameter. This value shall be agreed to for a
- .ce
- period of time by both the DTE and the DCE.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The value of k shall indicate the maximum number of sequentially
- .ce
- numbered I\ frames that the DTE or DCE may have outstanding
- .ce
- (i.e.\ unacknowledged) at any given time. The value of k shall never exceed
- .ce
- seven for modulo\ 8 operation, or one hundred and twenty\(hyseven for modulo\
- 128
- .ce
- operation. All networks (DCEs) shall support a value of seven. Other values
- of k (less than and greater than seven) may also be supported by networks
- .ce
- (DCEs).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- .line
- .ce
- \fBMONTAGE : \(sc 2.5 de cette Recommandation sur le reste de cette page\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- .line
- .ad r
- \fBTable 1/X.25 [T1.25], p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .ce
- .line
- .ce
- \fBTable 2/X.25 [T2.25], p.\fR
- .ce
- 2.2.2
- .ce
- \fIFlag sequence\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- All frames shall start and end with the flag sequence consisting of one
- 0\ bit followed by six contiguous 1\ bits and one 0\ bit. The DTE and DCE
- .ce
- shall only send complete eight\(hybit flag sequences when sending multiple flag
- .ce
- sequences (see \(sc\ 2.2.11). A single flag may be used as both the
- .ce
- closing
- .ce
- flag
- .ce
- for one frame and the
- .ce
- opening flag
- .ce
- for the next frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.2.3
- .ce
- \fIAddress field\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The address field shall consist of one octet. The address field
- .ce
- identifies the intended receiver of a command frame and the transmitter of a
- .ce
- response frame. The coding of the address field is described in \(sc\ 2.4.2
- (LAPB) and in \(sc\ 2.7.1 (LAP) below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.2.4
- .ce
- \fIControl field\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- For modulo\ 8 (basic) operation, the control field shall consist of one
- octet. For modulo\ 128 (extended) operation, the control field shall consist
- of two octets for frame formats that contain sequence numbers, and one
- octet
- .ce
- for frame formats that do not contain sequence numbers. The content of this
- .ce
- field is described in \(sc\ 2.3.2\ (LAPB) and in \(sc\ 2.6.2 (LAP) below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.2.5
- .ce
- \fIInformation field\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The information field of a frame, when present, follows the control field
- (see \(sc\ 2.2.4 above) and precedes the
- .ce
- frame check sequence field
- .ce
- (see \(sc\ 2.2.7 below).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- See \(sc\(sc 2.3.4.9, 2.5.2, 2.6.4.8 and 5 for the various codings and
- .ce
- groupings of bits in the information field as used in this Recommendation.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- See \(sc\(sc 2.3.4.9, 2.4.8.5, 2.6.4.8 and 2.7.7.5 below with regard to
- the maximum information field length.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.2.6
- .ce
- \fITransparency\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE or DTE, when transmitting, shall examine the frame content between
- the two flag sequences including the address, control, information and
- FCS fields and shall insert a 0 bit after all sequences of 5 contiguous
- 1\ bits (including the last 5\ bits of the FCS) to ensure that a flag sequence
- is not
- .ce
- simulated. The DCE or DTE, when receiving, shall examine the frame content
- and shall discard any 0\ bit which directly follows\ 5 contiguous 1\ bits.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.2.7
- .ce
- \fIFrame check sequence (FCS)\fR
- .ce
- \fI field\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The notation used to describe the FCS is based on the property of cyclic
- codes that a code vector such as 1000000100001 can be represented by a
- polynomial \fIP\fR
- .ce
- (\fIx\fR
- .ce
- )\ =\ \fIx\fR
- .ce
- \u1\d\u2\d\ +\ \fIx\fR
- .ce
- \u5\d\ +\ 1. The elements of an \fIn\fR
- .ce
- \(hyelement
- .ce
- code word are thus the coefficients of a polynomial of order \fIn\fR
- .ce
- \ \(em\ 1. In this application, these coefficients can have the value\
- 0 or\ 1 and the polynomial
- .ce
- operations are performed modulo\ 2. The polynomial representing the content
- of a frame is generated using the first bit received after the frame opening
- flag as the coefficient of the highest order term.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The FCS field shall be a 16\(hybit sequence. It shall be the ones
- .ce
- complement of the sum (modulo\ 2) of:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 1)
- .ce
- the remainder of
- .ce
- \fIx\fR
- .ce
- \uD\dlFk\fR
- .ce
- (\fIx\fR
- .ce
- \u1\d\u5\d\uD\dlF036+\ \fIx\fR
- .ce
- \u1\d\u4\d\ +\ \fIx\fR
- .ce
- \u1\d\u3\d\ +
- .ce
- \fIx\fR
- .ce
- \u1\d\u2\d\ +\ \fIx\fR
- .ce
- \u1\d\u1\d\ +\ \fIx\fR
- .ce
- \u1\d\u0\d\ +\ \fIx\fR
- .ce
- \u9\d\ +\ \fIx\fR
- .ce
- \u8\d\ +
- .ce
- \fIx\fR
- .ce
- \u7\d\ +\ \fIx\fR
- .ce
- \u6\d\ +\ \fIx\fR
- .ce
- \u5\d\ +\ \fIx\fR
- .ce
- \u4\d\uD\dlF036+\ \fIx\fR
- .ce
- \u3\d\ +
- .ce
- +\ \fIx\fR
- .ce
- \u2\d\ +\ \fIx\fR
- .ce
- \ +\ 1) divided (modulo\ 2)
- .ce
- by the
- .ce
- generator polynomial \fIx\fR
- .ce
- \u1\d\u6\d\ +\ \fIx\fR
- .ce
- \u1\d\u2\d\ +\ \fIx\fR
- .ce
- \u5\d\ +\ 1,
- .ce
- where \fIk\fR
- .ce
- is the number of bits in the frame existing between,
- .ce
- but not including, the final bit of the opening flag and the
- .ce
- first bit of the FCS, excluding bits inserted for transparency,
- .ce
- and
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2)
- .ce
- the remainder of the division (modulo 2) by the generator
- .ce
- polynomial \fIx\fR
- .ce
- \u1\d\u6\d\ +\ \fIx\fR
- .ce
- \u1\d\u2\d\ +\ \fIx\fR
- .ce
- \u5\d\ +\ 1 of the
- .ce
- product of \fIx\fR
- .ce
- \u1\d\u6\d by the content of the frame, existing
- .ce
- between but not including, the final bit of the opening flag and
- .ce
- the first bit of the FCS, excluding bits inserted for
- .ce
- transparency.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- As a typical implementation, at the transmitter, the initial
- .ce
- content of the register of the device computing the remainder of the division
- is preset to all 1s and is then modified by division by the generator
- .ce
- polynomial (as described above) on the address, control and information
- fields; the ones complement of the resulting remainder is transmitted as
- the 16\(hybit
- .ce
- FCS.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- At the receiver, the initial content of the register of the device
- .ce
- computing the remainder is preset to all 1s. The final remainder, after
- .ce
- multiplication by \fIx\fR
- .ce
- \u1\d\u6\d and then division (modulo\ 2) by the generator
- .ce
- polynomial \fIx\fR
- .ce
- \u1\d\u6\d\ +\ \fIx\fR
- .ce
- \u1\d\u2\d\ +\ \fIx\fR
- .ce
- \u5\d\ +\ 1 of the serial incoming protected bits and the FCS, will be
- 0001110100001111 (\fIx\fR
- .ce
- \u1\d\u5\d through
- .ce
- \fIx\fR
- .ce
- \u0\d, respectively) in the absence of transmission errors.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- \fINote\fR
- .ce
- \ \(em\ Examples of transmitted bit patterns by the DCE and the DTE illustrating
- application of the transparency mechanism and the frame check
- .ce
- sequence to the SABM command and the UA response are given in Appendix\ I.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.2.8
- .ce
- \fIOrder of bit transmission\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Addresses, commands, responses and sequence numbers shall be
- .ce
- transmitted with the low\(hyorder bit first (for example, the first bit of the
- .ce
- sequence number that is transmitted shall have the weight 2\u0\d). The
- order of transmitting bits within the information field is not specified
- under \(sc\ 2 of
- .ce
- this Recommendation. The FCS shall be transmitted to the line commencing
- with the coefficient of the highest term, which is found in bit position\
- 16 of the FCS\ field (see Tables\ 1/X.25 and 2/X.25).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- \fINote\fR
- .ce
- \ \(em\ In Tables 1/X.25 to 13/X.25, bit 1 is defined as the
- .ce
- low\(hyorder bit.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.2.9
- .ce
- \fIInvalid frames\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The definition of an invalid frame is described in \(sc\ 2.3.5.3 (LAPB)
- and in \(sc\ 2.6.5.3 (LAP) below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.2.10
- .ce
- \fIFrame abortion\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Aborting a frame is performed by transmitting at least seven
- .ce
- contiguous 1\ bits (with no inserted 0\ bits).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.2.11
- .ce
- \fIInterframe time fill\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Interframe time fill is accomplished by transmitting contiguous
- .ce
- flags between frames, i.e.\ multiple eight\(hybit flag sequences (see
- .ce
- \(sc\ 2.2.2).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.2.12
- .ce
- \fILink channel states\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- A link channel as defined here is the means for transmission for
- .ce
- one direction.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.2.12.1
- .ce
- \fIActive channel state\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE incoming or outgoing channel is defined to be in an active condition
- when it is receiving or transmitting, respectively, a frame, an
- .ce
- abortion sequence or interframe time fill.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.2.12.2
- .ce
- \fIIdle channel state\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE incoming or outgoing channel is defined to be in an idle
- .ce
- condition when it is receiving or transmitting, respectively, a continuous\
- 1s state for a period of at least 15\ bit times.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- See \(sc\ 2.3.5.5 for a description of DCE action when an idle condition
- exists on its incoming channel for an excessive period of time.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.3
- .ce
- \fILAPB elements of procedures\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.1
- .ce
- The LAPB elements of procedures are defined in terms of actions
- .ce
- that occur on receipt of frames at the DCE or\ DTE.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The elements of procedures specified below contain the selection
- .ce
- of commands and responses relevant to the LAPB data link and system
- .ce
- configurations
- .ce
- described in \(sc\ 2.1 above. Together, \(sc\(sc\ 2.2 and 2.3 form the general
- .ce
- requirements for the proper management of a LAPB access data link.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.3.2
- .ce
- \fILAPB control field formats and parameters\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.3.2.1
- .ce
- \fIControl field formats\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The control field contains a command or a response, and sequence
- .ce
- numbers where applicable.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Three types of control field formats are used to perform numbered
- .ce
- information transfer (I\ format), numbered supervisory functions (S\ format)
- and unnumbered control functions (U\ format).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The control field formats for basic (modulo\ 8) operation are depicted
- in Table\ 3/X.25.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- The control field formats for extended (modulo 128) operation are
- .ce
- depicted in Table\ 4/X.25.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- .line
- .ce
- \fBTable 3/X.25 [T3.25], p.\fR
- .ce
- .line
- .ce
- \fBTable 4/X.25 [T4/X.25], p.\fR
- .ce
- 2.3.2.1.1
- .ce
- \fIInformation transfer format\fR
- .ce
- \fI \(em I\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The I format is used to perform an information transfer. The
- .ce
- functions of N(S), N(R) and P are independent; i.e.,\ each I\ frame has
- an N(S), an N(R) which may or may not acknowledge additional I\ frames
- received by the
- .ce
- DCE or DTE, and a P\ bit that may be set to\ 0 or\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.2.1.2
- .ce
- \fISupervisory format\fR
- .ce
- \fI \(em S\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The S format is used to perform data link supervisory control
- .ce
- functions such as acknowledge I\ frames, request retransmission of I\ frames,
- and to request a temporary suspension of transmission of I\ frames. The
- functions of N(R) and P/F are independent; i.e.,\ each supervisory frame
- has an N(R) which
- .ce
- may or may not acknowledge additional I\ frames received by the DCE or\
- DTE, and a P/F\ bit that may be set to\ 0 or\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.2.1.3
- .ce
- \fIUnnumbered format\fR
- .ce
- \fI \(em U\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The U format is used to provide additional data link control
- .ce
- functions. This format contains no sequence numbers, but does include a
- P/F\ bit that may be set to\ 0 or\ 1. The unnumbered frames have the same
- control field
- .ce
- length (one octet) in both basic (modulo\ 8) operation and extended (modulo\
- 128) operation.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.2.2
- .ce
- \fIControl field parameters\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The various parameters associated with the control field formats
- .ce
- are described below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.2.2.1
- .ce
- \fIModulus\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Each I frame is sequentially numbered and may have the value\ 0
- .ce
- through modulus minus\ 1 (where \*Qmodulus\*U is the modulus of the sequence
- .ce
- numbers). The modulus equals either\ 8 or\ 128 and the sequence numbers cycle
- .ce
- through the entire range.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.2.2.2
- .ce
- \fISend state variable\fR
- .ce
- \fI V(S)\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The send state variable V(S) denotes the sequence number of the
- .ce
- next in\(hysequence I\ frame to be transmitted. V(S) can take on the values\ 0
- .ce
- through modulus minus\ 1. The value of V(S) is incremented by\ 1 with each
- .ce
- successive I\ frame transmission, but cannot exceed the N(R) of the last
- .ce
- received\ I or supervisory frame by more than the maximum number of outstanding
- I\ frames\ (\fIk\fR
- .ce
- ). The value of\ k is defined in \(sc\ 2.4.8.6 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.3.2.2.3
- .ce
- \fISend sequence number\fR
- .ce
- \fI N(S)\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Only I frames contain N(S), the send sequence number of transmitted I\
- frames. At the time that an in\(hysequence I\ frame is designated for
- .ce
- transmission, the value of N(S) is set equal to the value of the send state
- .ce
- variable\ V(S).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.2.2.4
- .ce
- \fIReceive state variable\fR
- .ce
- \fIV(R)\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The receive state variable V(R) denotes the sequence number of the next
- in\(hysequence I\ frame expected to be received. V(R) can take on the values
- 0 through modulus minus\ 1. The value of V(R) is incremented by\ 1 by the
- receipt of an error\(hyfree, in\(hysequence I\ frame whose send sequence
- number N(S) equals
- .ce
- the receive state variable V(R).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.2.2.5
- .ce
- \fIReceive sequence number\fR
- .ce
- \fI N(R)\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- All I frames and supervisory frames contain N(R), the expected send sequence
- number of the next received I\ frame. At the time that a frame of the above
- types is designated for transmission, the value of N(R) is set equal to
- the current value of the receive state variable V(R). N(R) indicates that
- the DCE or DTE transmitting the N(R) has received correctly all I\ frames
- numbered up to and including N(R)\ \(em\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.2.2.6
- .ce
- \fIPoll/Final bit\fR
- .ce
- \fI P/F\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- All frames contain P/F, the Poll/Final bit. In command frames, the P/F
- bit is referred to as the P bit. In response frames, it is referred to
- as the F\ bit.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.3
- .ce
- \fIFunctions of the Poll/Final bit\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The Poll bit set to 1 is used by the DCE or DTE to solicit (poll) a response
- from the DTE or DCE, respectively. The Final bit set to\ 1 is used by the
- DCE or DTE to indicate the response frame transmitted by the DTE or DCE,
- .ce
- respectively, as a result of the soliciting (poll) command.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The use of the P/F bit is described in \(sc\ 2.4.3 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.4
- .ce
- \fICommands and responses\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- For basic (modulo 8) operation, the commands and responses
- .ce
- represented in Table\ 5/X.25 will be supported by the DCE and the\ DTE.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- For extended (modulo 128) operation, the commands and responses
- .ce
- represented in Table\ 6/X.25 will be supported by the DCE and the DTE.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- For purposes of the LAPB procedures, the supervisory function bit encoding
- \*Q11\*U and those encodings of the modifier function bits in
- .ce
- Tables\ 3/X.25 and 4/X.25 not identified in Tables\ 5/X.25 or 6/X.25 are
- .ce
- identified as \*Qundefined or not implemented\*U command and response control
- .ce
- fields.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The commands and responses in Tables 5/X.25 and 6/X.25 are defined as follows:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.4.1
- .ce
- \fIInformation (I)\fR
- .ce
- \fI command\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The function of the information (I) command is to transfer across a data
- link a sequentially numbered frame containing an information field.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- .line
- .ce
- \fBTable 5/X.25 [T5.25], p.\fR
- .ce
- .line
- .ce
- \fBTable 6/X.25 [T6.25], p.\fR
- .ce
- 2.3.4.2
- .ce
- \fIReceive ready (RR)\fR
- .ce
- \fI command and response\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The receive ready (RR) supervisory frame is used by the DCE
- .ce
- or DTE to:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 1)
- .ce
- indicate it is ready to receive an I frame; and
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2)
- .ce
- acknowledge previously received I frames numbered up to and
- .ce
- including N(R)\ \(em\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- An RR frame may be used to indicate the clearance of a busy
- .ce
- condition that was reported by the earlier transmission of an RNR frame
- by that same station (DCE or\ DTE). In addition to indicating the DCE or
- DTE status, the RR command with the P\ bit set to\ 1 may be used by the
- DCE or DTE to ask for the status of the DTE or DCE, respectively.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.4.3
- .ce
- \fIReceive not ready (RNR) command and response\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The receive not ready (RNR) supervisory frame is used by the DCE or DTE
- to indicate a busy condition; i.e.\ temporary inability to accept
- .ce
- additional incoming I\ frames. I\ frames numbered up to and including N(R)\
- \(em\ 1
- .ce
- are acknowledged. I\ frame N(R) and any subsequent I\ frames received, if any,
- .ce
- are not acknowledged; the acceptance status of these I\ frames will be
- indicated in subsequent exchanges.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- In addition to indicating the DCE or DTE status, the RNR command with the
- P bit set to\ 1 may be used by an DCE or DTE to ask for the status of the
- .ce
- DTE or DCE, respectively.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.4.4
- .ce
- \fIReject (REJ) command and response\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The reject (REJ) supervisory frame is used by the DCE or DTE to request
- transmission of I\ frames starting with the frame numbered N(R).
- .ce
- I\ frames numbered N(R)\ \(em\ 1 and below are acknowledged. Additional
- I\ frames
- .ce
- pending initial transmission may be transmitted following the retransmitted
- .ce
- I\ frame(s).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- Only one REJ exception condition for a given direction of information transfer
- may be established at any time. The REJ exception condition is cleared
- (reset) upon the receipt of an I\ frame with an N(S) equal to the N(R)
- of the
- .ce
- REJ\ frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- An REJ frame may be used to indicate the clearance of a busy condition
- that was reported by the earlier transmission of an RNR frame by that same
- .ce
- station (DCE or\ DTE). In addition to indicating the DCE or DTE status, the
- .ce
- REJ\ command with the P bit set to\ 1 may be used by the DCE or\ DTE to ask for
- .ce
- the status of the DTE or\ DCE, respectively.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- \fR
- .ce
- 2.3.4.5
- .ce
- \fISet asynchronous balanced mode (SABM)\fR
- .ce
- \fIcommand/\fR
- .ce
- \fISet asynchronous balanced mode extended (SABME)\fR
- .ce
-
- .ce
- \fIcommand (subscription time option)\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- The SABM unnumbered command is used to place the addressed DCE or DTE in
- an asynchronous balanced mode (ABM) information transfer phase where all
- command/response control fields will be one\ octet in length.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The SABME unnumbered command is used to place the addressed DCE or DTE
- in an asynchronous balanced mode\ (ABM) information transfer phase where
- .ce
- numbered command/response control fields will be two octets in length, and
- .ce
- unnumbered command/response control fields will be one octet in length.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- No information field is permitted with the SABM or SABME command. The transmission
- of a SABM/SABME command indicates the clearance of a busy
- .ce
- condition that was reported by the earlier trans
- .ce
- mission\ of an RNR\ frame by that
- .ce
- same station (DCE or\ DTE). The DCE or DTE confirms acceptance of SABM/SABME
- .ce
- [modulo\ 8 (basic) operation/modulo\ 128 (extended) operation] command by the
- .ce
- transmission, at the first opportunity, of a UA\ response. Upon acceptance of
- .ce
- this command, the DCE or DTE send state variable\ V(S) and receive state
- .ce
- variable V(R) are set to\ 0.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Previously transmitted I\ frames that are unacknowledged when this
- .ce
- command is actioned remain unac
- .ce
- knowledged.\ It is the responsibility of a
- .ce
- higher layer (e.g.\ Packet Layer or MLP) to recover from the possible loss of
- .ce
- the contents (e.g.\ packets) of such I\ frames.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- \fINote\fR
- .ce
- \ \(em\ The mode of operation of a data link [basic (modulo 8) or
- .ce
- extended (modulo\ 128)] is determined at subscription time and is only
- changed by going through a new subscription process.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.4.6
- .ce
- \fIDisconnect (DISC)\fR
- .ce
- \fI command\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DISC unnumbered command is used to terminate the mode
- .ce
- previously set. It is used to inform the DCE or DTE receiving the DISC
- command that the DTE or DCE sending the DISC command is suspending operation.
- No
- .ce
- information field is permitted with the DISC command. Prior to actioning the
- .ce
- DISC command, the DCE or DTE receiving the DISC command confirms the acceptance
- of the DISC command by the transmission of a UA response. The DTE or DCE
- .ce
- sending the DISC command enters the disconnected phase when it receives the
- .ce
- acknowledging UA response.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Previously transmitted I frames that are unacknowledged when this
- .ce
- command is actioned remain unacknowledged. It is the responsibility of
- a higher layer (e.g.\ Packet Layer or MLP) to recover from the possible
- loss of the
- .ce
- contents (e.g.,\ packets) of such I frames.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.4.7
- .ce
- \fIUnnumbered acknowledgement (UA)\fR
- .ce
- \fI response\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The UA unnumbered response is used by the DCE or DTE to acknowledge the
- receipt and acceptance of the mode\(hysetting commands. Received mode\(hysetting
- commands are not actioned until the UA response is transmitted. The
- .ce
- transmission of a UA response indicates the clearance of a busy condition
- that was reported by the earlier transmission of an RNR frame by that same
- station (DCE or DTE). No information field is permitted with the UA response.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.3.4.8
- .ce
- \fIDisconnected mode (DM)\fR
- .ce
- \fI response\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DM unnumbered response is used to report a status where the DCE or
- DTE is logically disconnected from the data link, and is in the disconnected
- phase. The DM response may be sent to indicate that the DCE or DTE has
- entered the disconnected phase without benefit of having received a DISC
- command, or, if sent in response to the reception of a mode setting command,
- is sent to
- .ce
- inform the DTE or DCE that the DCE or DTE, respectively, is still in the
- .ce
- disconnected phase and cannot execute the set mode command. No information
- .ce
- field is permitted with the DM response.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- A DCE or DTE in a disconnected phase will monitor received commands
- .ce
- and will react to an SABM/SABME command as outlined in \(sc\ 2.4.4 below,
- and will respond with a DM response with the F bit set to\ 1 to any other
- command
- .ce
- received with the P\ bit set to\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.4.9
- .ce
- \fIFrame reject (FRMR)\fR
- .ce
- \fI response\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The FRMR unnumbered response is used by the DCE or DTE to report an error
- condition not recoverable by retransmission of the identical frame;
- .ce
- i.e.\ at least one of the following conditions, which results from the
- receipt of a valid frame:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 1)
- .ce
- the receipt of a command or response control field that is
- .ce
- undefined or not implemented;
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2)
- .ce
- the receipt of an I frame with an information field which
- .ce
- exceeds the maximum established length;
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 3)
- .ce
- the receipt of an invalid N(R); or
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 4)
- .ce
- the receipt of a frame with an information field which is
- .ce
- not permitted or the receipt of a supervisory or unnumbered
- .ce
- frame with incorrect length.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- An undefined or not implemented control field is any of the
- .ce
- control field encodings that are not identified in Tables\ 5/X.25 or\ 6/X.25.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- A valid N(R) must be within the range from the lowest send sequence
- .ce
- number N(S) of the still unacknowledged frame(s) to the current DCE send
- state variable inclusive (or to the current internal variable \fIx\fR
- .ce
- if the DCE is in
- .ce
- the timer recovery condition as described in \(sc\ 2.4.5.9).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- An information field which immediately follows the control field, and consists
- of\ 3 or 5\ octets [modulo\ 8 (basic) operation or modulo\ 128 (extended)
- operation, respectively], is returned with this response and provides the
- .ce
- reason for the FRMR response. These formats are given in Tables\ 7/X.25
- .ce
- and\ 8/X.25.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.5
- .ce
- \fIException condition reporting and recovery\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The error recovery procedures which are available to effect
- .ce
- recovery following the detection/occurrence of an
- .ce
- exception condition
- .ce
- at the Data Link Layer are described below. Exception conditions described
- are those situations which may occur as the result of transmission errors,
- DCE or DTE malfunction, or operational situations.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.5.1
- .ce
- \fIBusy condition\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The busy condition results when the DCE or DTE is temporarily
- .ce
- unable to continue to receive I frames due to internal constraints,
- .ce
- e.g.\ receive buffering limitations. In this case an RNR frame is transmitted
- .ce
- from the busy DCE or DTE. I\ frames pending transmission may be transmitted
- from the busy DCE or DTE prior to or following the RNR\ frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- An indication that the busy condition has cleared is communicated by the
- transmission of a UA (only in response to a SABM/SABME command), RR, REJ
- or SABM/SABME (modulo\ 8/modulo\ 128) frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- .line
- .ce
- \fBTable 7/X.25 [T7.25], p.\fR
- .ce
- .line
- .ce
- \fBTable 8/X.25 [T8.25], p.\fR
- .ce
- 2.3.5.2
- .ce
- \fIN(S) sequence error condition\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The information field of all I frames received whose N(S) does not equal
- the receive state variable V(R) will be discarded.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- An N(S) sequence error exception condition occurs in the receiver when
- an I\ frame received contains an N(S) which is not equal to the receive
- state
- .ce
- variable V(R) at the receiver. The receiver does not acknowledge (increment
- its receive state variable) the I\ frame causing the sequence error, or
- any I\ frame which may follow, until an I\ frame with the correct N(S)
- is received.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- A DCE or DTE which receives one or more valid I frames having sequence
- errors or subsequent supervisory frames (RR, RNR and REJ) shall accept
- the
- .ce
- control information contained in the N(R) field and the P or F bit to perform
- data link control functions; e.g.\ to receive acknowledgement of previously
- .ce
- transmitted I\ frames and to cause the DCE or DTE to respond (P bit set to 1).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- The means specified in \(sc\(sc\ 2.3.5.2.1 and 2.3.5.2.2 shall be available
- for initiating the retransmission of lost or errored I\ frames following
- the
- .ce
- occurrence of an N(S) sequence error condition.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.5.2.1
- .ce
- \fIREJ recovery\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The REJ frame is used by a receiving DCE or DTE to initiate a
- .ce
- recovery (retransmission) following the detection of an N(S) sequence error.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- With respect to each direction of transmission on the data link, only one
- \*Qsent REJ\*U exception condition from a DCE or DTE, to a DTE or DCE,
- is
- .ce
- established at a time. A \*Qsent REJ\*U exception condition is cleared when the
- .ce
- requested I\ frame is received.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- A DCE or DTE receiving a REJ frame initiates sequential
- .ce
- (re\(hy)transmission of I\ frames starting with the I\ frame indicated
- by the N(R) contained in the REJ frame. The retransmitted frames may contain
- an N(R) and a P bit that are updated from, and therefore different from,
- the ones contained in the originally transmitted I\ frames.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.5.2.2
- .ce
- \fITime\(hyout recovery\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If a DCE or DTE, due to a transmission error, does not receive (or receives
- and discards) a single I\ frame or the last I\ frame(s) in a sequence of
- I\ frames, it will not detect an N(S) sequence error condition and, therefore,
- will not transmit a REJ frame. The DTE or DCE which transmitted the
- .ce
- unacknowledged I\ frame(s) shall, following the completion of a system
- specified time\(hyout period (see \(sc\(sc\ 2.4.5.1 and 2.4.5.9 below),
- take appropriate recovery action to determine at which I\ frame retransmission
- must begin. The
- .ce
- retransmitted frame(s) may contain an N(R) and a P bit that is updated from,
- .ce
- and therefore different from, the ones contained in the originally transmitted
- frame(s).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.5.3
- .ce
- \fIInvalid frame\fR
- .ce
- \fI condition\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Any frame which is invalid will be discarded, and no action is
- .ce
- taken as the result of that frame. An invalid frame is defined as one
- .ce
- which:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- a)
- .ce
- is not properly bounded by two flags;
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- b)
- .ce
- in basic (modulo 8) operation, contains fewer than 32 bits
- .ce
- between flags; in extended (modulo\ 128) operation, contains
- .ce
- fewer than 40\ bits between flags of frames that contain sequence
- .ce
- numbers or 32\ bits between flags of frames that do not contain
- .ce
- sequence numbers;
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- c)
- .ce
- contains a Frame Check Sequence (FCS) error; or
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- d)
- .ce
- contains an address other than A or B (for single link
- .ce
- operation) or other than C or D (for multilink operation).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- For those networks that are octet aligned, a detection of
- .ce
- non\(hyoctet alignment may be made at the Data Link Layer by adding a frame
- .ce
- validity check that requires the number of bits between the opening flag and
- .ce
- the closing flag, excluding bits inserted for transparency, to be an integral
- number of octets in length, or the frame is considered invalid.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.5.4
- .ce
- \fIFrame rejection\fR
- .ce
- \fI condition\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- A frame rejection condition is established upon the receipt of an error\(hyfree
- frame with one of the conditions listed in \(sc\ 2.3.4.9 above.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- At the DCE or DTE, this frame rejection exception condition is
- .ce
- reported by an FRMR response for appropriate DTE or DCE action, respectively.
- Once a DCE has established such an exception condition, no additional I\
- frames are accepted until the condition is reset by the DTE, except for
- examination of the P bit. The FRMR response may be repeated at each opportunity,
- as specified in \(sc\ 2.4.7.3, until recovery is effected by the DTE, or
- until the DCE initiates its own recovery in case the DTE does not respond.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.5.5
- .ce
- \fIExcessive idle channel state condition on incoming\fR
- .ce
-
- .ce
- \fIchannel\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Upon detection of an idle channel state condition (see \(sc\ 2.2.12.2 above)
- on the incoming channel, the DCE shall wait for a period\ T3 (see
- .ce
- \(sc\ 2.4.8.3 below) without taking any specific action, waiting for detection
- of a return to the active channel state (i.e.,\ detection of at least one
- flag
- .ce
- sequence). After the period\ T3, the DCE shall notify the higher layer
- (e.g.\ the Packet Layer or the MLP) of the excessive idle channel state
- condition, but
- .ce
- shall not take any action that would preclude the DTE from establishing the
- .ce
- data link by normal data link set\(hyup procedures.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- \fINote\fR
- .ce
- \ \(em\ Other actions to be taken by the DCE at the Data Link Layer upon
- expiration of period\ T3 is a subject for further study.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.4
- .ce
- \fIDescription of the \fR
- .ce
- \fILAPB procedure\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.1
- .ce
- \fILAPB basic and extended modes of operation\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- In accordance with the system choice made by the DTE at
- .ce
- subscription time, the DCE will either support modulo\ 8 (basic) operation or
- .ce
- will support modulo\ 128 (extended) operation. Changing from basic operation
- to extended operation, or vice versa, in the DCE requires resubscription
- by the
- .ce
- DTE for the desired service, and is not supported dynamically.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Table 5/X.25 indicates the command and response control field formats used
- with the basic (modulo\ 8) service. The mode\(hysetting command employed
- to
- .ce
- initialize (set up) or reset the basic mode is the SABM command. Table
- 6/X.25 indicates the command and response control field formats used with
- the extended (modulo\ 128) service. The mode\(hysetting command employed
- to initialize (set up) or reset the extended mode is the SABME command.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.2
- .ce
- \fILAPB procedure for addressing\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The address field identifies a frame as either a command or a
- .ce
- response. A command frame contains the address of the DCE or DTE to which
- the command is being sent. A response frame contains the address of the
- DCE or DTE sending the frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- In order to allow differentiation between single link operation and
- .ce
- the optional multilink operation for diagnostic and/or maintenance reasons,
- .ce
- different address pair encodings are assigned to data links operating with
- .ce
- multilink procedure compared to data links operating with the single link
- .ce
- procedure.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Frames containing commands transferred from the DCE to the DTE will
- .ce
- contain the address\ A for the single link operation and address\ C for the
- .ce
- multilink operation.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Frames containing responses transferred from the DCE to the DTE will contain
- the address\ B for the single link operation and address\ D for the
- .ce
- multilink operation.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- Frames containing commands transferred from the DTE to the DCE shall contain
- the address\ B for the single link operation and address\ D for the
- .ce
- multilink operation.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Frames containing responses transferred from the DTE to the DCE shall contain
- the address\ A for the single link operation and address\ C for the
- .ce
- multilink operation.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- These addresses are coded as follows:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Address
- .ce
- 1\ 2\ 3\ 4\ 5\ 6\ 7\ 8
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Single link operation
- .ce
- \ \ A
- .ce
- 1\ 1\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0
- .ce
- .line
- .ce
- \ \ B
- .ce
- 1\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Multilink operation
- .ce
- \ \ C
- .ce
- 1\ 1\ 1\ 1\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0
- .ce
- .line
- .ce
- \ \ D
- .ce
- 1\ 1\ 1\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- \fINote\fR
- .ce
- \ \(em\ The DCE will discard all frames received with an address other
- than\ A or\ B (single link operation), or\ C or\ D (multilink operation).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.3
- .ce
- \fILAPB procedure for the use of the P/F bit\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE or DTE receiving an SABM/SABME, DISC, supervisory command or I\
- frame with the P\ bit set to\ 1 will set the F\ bit to\ 1 in the next response
- frame it transmits.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The response frame returned by the DCE to an SABM/SABME or DISC
- .ce
- command with the P\ bit set to\ 1 will be a UA or DM response with the
- F\ bit set to\ 1. The response frame returned by the DCE to an I\ frame
- with the P\ bit set to\ 1, received during the information transfer phase,
- will be an RR, REJ, RNR or FRMR response with the F\ bit set to\ 1. The
- response frame returned by the
- .ce
- DCE to a supervisory command with the P\ bit set to\ 1, received during the
- .ce
- information transfer phase, will be an RR, REJ, RNR or FRMR response with
- the F\ bit set to\ 1. The response frame returned by the DCE to an I\ frame
- or
- .ce
- supervisory frame with the P\ bit set to\ 1, received during the disconnected
- .ce
- phase, will be a DM response with the F\ bit set to\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The P bit may be used by the DCE in conjunction with the timer
- .ce
- recovery condition (see \(sc\ 2.4.5.9 below).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- \fINote\fR
- .ce
- \ \(em\ Other use of the P bit by the DCE is a subject for further
- .ce
- study.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4
- .ce
- \fILAPB procedure for data link set\(hyup and disconnection\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.4.4.1
- .ce
- \fIData link set\(hyup\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE will indicate that it is able to set up the data link by
- .ce
- transmitting contiguous flags (active channel state).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Either the DTE or the DCE may initiate data link set\(hyup. Prior to
- .ce
- initiation of data link set\(hyup, either the DCE or the DTE may initiate data
- .ce
- link
- .ce
- disconnection (see \(sc\ 2.4.4.3) for the purpose of insuring that the
- DCE and the DTE are in the same phase. The DCE may also transmit an unsolicited
- DM response to request the DTE to initiate data link set\(hyup.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DTE shall initiate data link set\(hyup by transmitting an SABM/SABME
- command to the DCE. If, upon receipt of the SABM/SABME command correctly,
- the DCE determines that it can enter the information transfer phase, it
- will return a UA response to the DTE, will reset its send and receive state
- variables V(S) and V(R) to zero, and will consider that the data link is
- set up. If, upon
- .ce
- receipt
- .ce
- of the SABM/SABME command correctly, the DCE determines that it cannot enter
- .ce
- the information transfer phase, it will return a DM response to the DTE as a
- .ce
- denial to the data link set\(hyup initialization and will consider that the
- .ce
- data link is
- .ce
- \fInot\fR
- .ce
- set up. In order to avoid misinterpretation of the DM response received,
- it is suggested that the DTE always sends its SABM/SABME command with the
- P\ bit set to\ 1. Otherwise, it is not possible to differentiate a DM response
- intended as a denial to data link set\(hyup from a DM response that is
- issued in a separate unsolicited sense as a request for a mode\(hysetting
- command (as described
- .ce
- in\ \(sc\ 2.4.4.4.2).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE will initiate data link set\(hyup by transmitting an SABM/SABME
- command to the DTE and starting its Timer\ T1 in order to determine when
- too
- .ce
- much time has elapsed waiting for a reply (see \(sc\ 2.4.8.1 below). Upon
- reception of a UA response from the DTE, the DCE will reset its send and
- receive state
- .ce
- variables\ V(S) and\ V(R) to zero, will stop its Timer\ T1, and will consider
- that the data link is set up. Upon reception of a DM response from the
- DTE as a
- .ce
- denial
- .ce
- to the data link set\(hyup initialization, the DCE will stop its Timer\
- T1 and will consider that the data link is \fInot\fR
- .ce
- set up.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- The DCE, having sent the SABM/SABME command, will ignore and discard any
- frames except an SABM/SABME or DISC command, or a UA or DM response
- .ce
- received from the DTE. The receipt of an SABM/SABME or DISC command from the
- .ce
- DTE will result in a collision situation that is resolved per \(sc\ 2.4.4.5
- below. Frames other than the UA and DM responses sent in response to a
- received
- .ce
- SABM/SABME or DISC command will be sent only after the data link is set
- up and if no outstanding SABM/SABME command exists.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- After the DCE sends the SABM/SABME command, if a UA or DM response is not
- received correctly, Timer\ T1 will run out in the DCE. The DCE will then
- .ce
- resend the SABM/SABME command and will restart Timer\ T1. After transmission
- of the SABM/SABME command N2 times by the DCE, appropriate higher layer
- recovery action will be initiated. The value of N2 is defined in \(sc\
- 2.4.8.4 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4.2
- .ce
- \fIInformation transfer phase\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- After having transmitted the UA response to the SABM/SABME command or having
- received the UA response to a transmitted SABM/SABME command, the DCE will
- accept and transmit I and supervisory frames according to the procedures
- described in \(sc\ 2.4.5 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- When receiving the SABM/SABME command while in the information
- .ce
- transfer phase, the DCE will conform to the data link resetting procedure
- .ce
- described in \(sc\ 2.4.7 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4.3
- .ce
- \fIData link disconnection\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DTE shall initiate a disconnect of the data link by
- .ce
- transmitting a DISC command to the DCE. On correctly receiving a DISC command
- in the information transfer phase, the DCE will send a UA response and
- enter
- .ce
- the disconnected phase. On correctly receiving a DISC command in the
- .ce
- disconnected phase, the DCE will send a DM response and remain in the
- .ce
- disconnected phase. In order to avoid misinterpretation of the DM response
- .ce
- received, it is suggested that the DTE always sends its DISC command with
- the P\ bit set to\ 1. Otherwise, it is not possible to differentiate a
- DM response
- .ce
- intended as an indication that the DCE is already in the disconnected phase
- .ce
- from a DM response that is issued in a separate unsolicited sense as a
- request for a mode\(hysetting command (as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.4.2).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- The DCE will initiate a disconnect of the data link by transmitting a DISC
- command to the DTE and starting its Timer\ T1 (see \(sc\ 2.4.8.1 below).
- Upon reception of an UA response from the DTE, the DCE will stop its Timer\
- T1 and
- .ce
- will enter the disconnected phase. Upon reception of a DM response from
- the DTE as an indication that the DTE was already in the disconnected phase,
- the DCE
- .ce
- will stop its Timer\ T1 and will enter the disconnected phase.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE, having sent the DISC command, will ignore and discard any
- .ce
- frames except an SABM/SABME or DISC command, or a UA or DM response received
- .ce
- from the DTE. The receipt of an SABM/SABME or DISC command from the DTE will
- .ce
- result in a collision situation that is resolved per \(sc\ 2.4.4.5 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- After the DCE sends the DISC command, if a UA or DM response is not
- .ce
- received correctly, Timer\ T1 will run out in the DCE. The DCE will then
- resend the DISC command and will restart Timer\ T1. After transmission
- of the DISC
- .ce
- command N2 times by the DCE, appropriate higher layer recovery action will
- be initiated. The value of N2 is defined in \(sc\ 2.4.8.4 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4.4
- .ce
- \fIDisconnected phase\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4.4.1
- .ce
- After having received a DISC command from the DTE and
- .ce
- returned a UA response to the DTE, or having received the UA response to a
- .ce
- transmitted DISC command, the DCE will enter the disconnected phase.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- In the disconnected phase, the DCE may initiate data link set\(hyup. In
- the disconnected phase, the DCE will react to the receipt of an SABM/SABME
- command as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1 above and will transmit a DM response
- in
- .ce
- answer to a received DISC command. When receiving any other command (defined,
- or undefined or not implemented) with the P\ bit set to\ 1, the DCE will
- transmit a DM response with the F\ bit set to\ 1. Other frames received
- in the
- .ce
- disconnected phase will be ignored by the DCE.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4.4.2
- .ce
- When the DCE enters the disconnected phase after
- .ce
- detecting error conditions as listed in \(sc\ 2.4.6 below, or after an internal
- .ce
- malfunction, it may indicate this by sending a DM response rather than
- a DISC command. In these cases, the DCE will transmit a DM response and
- start its
- .ce
- Timer\ T1 (see \(sc\ 2.4.8.1 below).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If Timer T1 runs out before the reception of an SABM/SABME or DISC command
- from the DTE, the DCE will retransmit the DM response and restart
- .ce
- Timer\ T1. After transmission of the DM response N2 times, the DCE will
- remain in the disconnected phase and appropriate recovery actions will
- be initiated. The value of N2 is defined in \(sc\ 2.4.8.4 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Alternatively, after an internal malfunction, the DCE may either
- .ce
- initiate a data link resetting procedure (see \(sc\ 2.4.7 below) or disconnect
- the data link (see \(sc\ 2.4.4.3 above) prior to initiating a data link
- set\(hyup
- .ce
- procedure (see \(sc\ 2.4.4.1 above).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4.5
- .ce
- \fICollision of unnumbered commands\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Collision situations shall be resolved in the following way:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4.5.1
- .ce
- If the sent and received unnumbered commands are the
- .ce
- same, the DCE and the DTE shall each send the UA response at the earliest
- .ce
- possible opportunity. The DCE shall enter the indicated phase either,
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 1)
- .ce
- after receiving the UA response,
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2)
- .ce
- after sending the UA response, or
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 3)
- .ce
- after timing out waiting for the UA response having sent a
- .ce
- UA response.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- In the case of 2) above, the DCE will accept a subsequent UA
- .ce
- response to the mode\(hysetting command it issued without causing an exception
- .ce
- condition if received within the time\(hyout interval.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.4.4.5.2
- .ce
- If the sent and received unnumbered commands are
- .ce
- different, the DCE and the DTE shall each enter the disconnected phase and
- .ce
- issue a DM response at the earliest possible opportunity.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4.6
- .ce
- \fICollision of DM response with SABM/SABME or DISC\fR
- .ce
-
- .ce
- \fIcommand\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- When a DM response is issued by the DCE or DTE as an unsolicited
- .ce
- response to request the DTE or DCE, respectively, to issue a mode\(hysetting
- .ce
- command as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.4, a collision between an SABM/SABME
- or DISC
- .ce
- command and the unsolicited DM response may occur. In order to avoid
- .ce
- misinterpretation of the DM response received, the DTE always sends its
- .ce
- SABM/SABME or DISC command with the P\ bit set to\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4.7
- .ce
- \fICollision of DM responses\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- A contention situation may occur when both the DCE and the DTE
- .ce
- issue a DM response to request a mode\(hysetting command. In this case, the DTE
- .ce
- will issue an SABM/SABME command to resolve the contention situation.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.4.5
- .ce
- \fILAPB procedures for information transfer\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The procedures which apply to the transmission of I\ frames in each direction
- during the information transfer phase are described below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- In the following, \*Qnumber one higher\*U is in reference to a
- .ce
- continuously repeated sequence series, i.e., 7 is 1\ higher than 6 and 0 is
- .ce
- 1\ higher than 7 for modulo\ 8 series, and 127 is 1\ higher than 126 and 0 is
- .ce
- 1\ higher than 127 for modulo\ 128 series.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.5.1
- .ce
- \fISending I frames\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- When the DCE has an I frame to transmit (i.e. an I frame not
- .ce
- already transmitted, or having to be retransmitted as described in \(sc\
- 2.4.5.6
- .ce
- below), it will transmit it with an N(S) equal to its current send state
- .ce
- variable V(S), and an N(R) equal to its current receive state variable
- V(R). At the end of the transmission of the I\ frame, the DCE will increment
- its send
- .ce
- state variable V(S) by\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If Timer T1 is not running at the time of transmission of an I frame, it
- will be started.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If the send state variable V(S) is equal to the last value of N(R)
- .ce
- received plus \fIk\fR
- .ce
- (where \fIk\fR
- .ce
- is the maximum number of outstanding I\ frames \(em
- .ce
- see \(sc\ 2.4.8.6 below), the DCE will not transmit any new I\ frames, but may
- .ce
- retransmit an I\ frame as described in \(sc\(sc\ 2.4.5.6 or 2.4.5.9 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- When the DCE is in the busy condition, it may still transmit I frames,
- provided that the DTE is not busy. When the DCE is in the frame rejection
- .ce
- condition, it will stop transmitting I\ frames.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.5.2
- .ce
- \fIReceiving an I frame\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.5.2.1
- .ce
- When the DCE is not in a busy condition and receives a valid I\ frame whose
- send sequence number N(S) is equal to the DCE receive state
- .ce
- variable V(R), the DCE will accept the information field of this frame,
- .ce
- increment by one its receive state variable V(R), and act as follows:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- a)
- .ce
- If the DCE is still not in a busy condition:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- i)
- .ce
- If an I frame is available for transmission by the
- .ce
- DCE, it may act as in \(sc\ 2.4.5.1 above and acknowledge
- .ce
- the received I frame by setting N(R) in the control field
- .ce
- of the next transmitted I\ frame to the value of the DCE
- .ce
- receive state variable V(R). Alternatively, the DCE may
- .ce
- acknowledge the received I\ frame by transmitting an RR
- .ce
- frame with the N(R) equal to the value of the DCE receive
- .ce
- state variable V(R).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- ii)
- .ce
- If no I frame is available for transmission by the
- .ce
- DCE, it will transmit an RR frame with N(R) equal to the
- .ce
- value of the DCE receive state variable V(R).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- b)
- .ce
- If the DCE is now in a busy condition, it will transmit an
- .ce
- RNR frame with N(R) equal to the value of the DCE receive
- .ce
- state variable V(R) (see \(sc\ 2.4.5.8).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.4.5.2.2
- .ce
- When the DCE is in a busy condition, it may ignore the
- .ce
- information field contained in any received I\ frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.5.3
- .ce
- \fIReception of invalid frames\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- When the DCE receives an invalid frame (see \(sc\ 2.3.5.3), this frame
- will be discarded.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.5.4
- .ce
- \fIReception of out\(hyof\(hysequence I frames\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- When the DCE receives a valid I frame whose send sequence number
- .ce
- N(S) is incorrect, i.e.,\ not equal to the current DCE receive state variable
- .ce
- V(R), it will discard the information field of the I\ frame and transmit
- an REJ frame with the N(R) set to one higher than the N(S) of the last
- correctly
- .ce
- received I\ frame. The REJ frame will be a command frame with the P\ bit
- set to\ 1 if an acknowledged transfer of the retransmission request is
- required;
- .ce
- otherwise the REJ frame may be either a command or a response frame. The DCE
- .ce
- will then discard the information field of all I\ frames received until the
- .ce
- expected I\ frame is correctly received. When receiving the expected I\ frame,
- .ce
- the DCE will then acknowledge the I\ frame as described in \(sc\ 2.4.5.2
- above. The DCE will use the N(R) and P\ bit information in the discarded
- I\ frames as
- .ce
- described in \(sc\ 2.3.5.2 above.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.5.5
- .ce
- \fIReceiving acknowledgement\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- When correctly receiving an I frame or a supervisory frame (RR, RNR or
- REJ), even in the busy condition, the DCE will consider the N(R) contained
- in this frame as an acknowledgement for all I\ frames it has transmitted
- with an N(S) up to and including the received N(R)\(em1. The DCE will stop
- Timer\ T1 when it correctly receives an I\ frame or a supervisory frame
- with the N(R) higher
- .ce
- than the last received N(R) (actually acknowledging some I\ frames), or
- an REJ frame with an N(R) equal to the last received N(R).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- If Timer T1 has been stopped by the receipt on an I, RR or RNR frame, and
- if there are outstanding I\ frames still unacknowledged, the DCE will
- .ce
- restart Timer\ T1. If Timer\ T1 then runs out, the DCE will follow the
- recovery procedure (\(sc\ 2.4.5.9 below) with respect to the unacknowledged
- I\ frames. If
- .ce
- Timer\ T1 has been stopped by the receipt of an REJ frame, the DCE will
- follow the retransmission procedures in \(sc\ 2.4.5.6 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.5.6
- .ce
- \fIReceiving an REJ frame\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- When receiving an REJ frame, the DCE will set its send state
- .ce
- variable V(S) to the N(R) received in the REJ control field. It will transmit
- the corresponding I\ frame as soon as it is available or retransmit it
- in
- .ce
- accordance with the procedures described in \(sc\ 2.4.5.1 above. (Re)transmission
- will conform to the following procedure:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- i)
- .ce
- if the DCE is transmitting a supervisory command or response
- .ce
- when it receives the REJ frame, it will complete that
- .ce
- transmission before commencing transmission of the requested
- .ce
- I\ frame;
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- ii)
- .ce
- if the DCE is transmitting an unnumbered command or
- .ce
- response when it receives the REJ frame, it will ignore the
- .ce
- request for retransmission;
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- iii)
- .ce
- if the DCE is transmitting an I frame when the REJ frame
- .ce
- is received, it may abort the I\ frame and commence transmission
- .ce
- of the requested I\ frame immediately after abortion;
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- iv)
- .ce
- if the DCE is not transmitting any frame when the REJ frame
- .ce
- is received, it will commence transmission of the requested
- .ce
- I\ frame immediately.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- In all cases, if other unacknowledged I frames had already been
- .ce
- transmitted following the one indicated in the REJ frame, then those I
- frames will be retransmitted by the DCE following the retransmission of
- the requested I\ frame. Other I\ frames not yet transmitted may be transmitted
- following the
- .ce
- retransmitted I\ frames.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If the REJ frame was received from the DTE as a command with the P bit
- set to\ 1, the DCE will transmit an RR, RNR or REJ response with the F
- bit set to\ 1 before transmitting or retransmitting the corresponding I\
- frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.5.7
- .ce
- \fIReceiving an RNR frame\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- After receiving an RNR frame whose N(R) acknowledges all frames
- .ce
- previously transmitted, the DCE will stop Timer\ T1 and may then transmit
- .ce
- an I\ frame, with the P\ bit set to\ 0, whose send sequence number is
- .ce
- equal to the N(R) indicated in the RNR frame, restarting Timer\ T1 as it
- does. After receiving an RNR frame whose N(R) indicates a previously transmitted
- .ce
- frame, the DCE will not transmit or retransmit any I\ frame, Timer\ T1 being
- .ce
- already running. In either case, if the Timer\ T1 runs out before receipt
- of a busy clearance indication, the DCE will follow the procedure described
- in
- .ce
- \(sc\ 2.4.5.9\ below. In any case, the DCE will not transmit any other
- I\ frames
- .ce
- before receiving an RR or REJ frame, or before the completion of a link
- .ce
- resetting procedure.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Alternatively, after receiving an RNR frame, the DCE may wait for a
- .ce
- period of time (e.g.,\ the length of the Timer\ T1) and then transmit a
- .ce
- supervisory command frame (RR, RNR or REJ) with the P\ bit set to\ 1, and
- start Timer\ T1, in order to determine if there is any change in the receive
- status of the DTE. The DTE shall respond to the P\ bit set to\ 1 with a
- supervisory
- .ce
- response frame (RR, RNR or REJ) with the F\ bit set to\ 1 indicating either
- .ce
- continuance of the busy condition (RNR) or clearance of the busy condition
- (RR or REJ). Upon receipt of the DTE response, Timer\ T1 is stopped.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 1)
- .ce
- If the response is the RR or REJ response, the busy
- .ce
- condition is cleared and the DCE may transmit I\ frames beginning
- .ce
- with the I\ frame identified by the N(R) in the received response
- .ce
- frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2)
- .ce
- If the response is the RNR response, the busy condition
- .ce
- still exists, and the DCE will after a period of time (e.g.\ the
- .ce
- length of Timer\ T1) repeat the enquiry of the DTE receive
- .ce
- status.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If Timer T1 runs out before a status response is received, the
- .ce
- enquiry process above is repeated. If N2 attempts to get a status response
- fail (i.e.\ Timer\ T1 runs out N2\ times), the DCE will initiate a data
- link resetting procedure as described in \(sc\ 2.4.7.2\ below or will transmit
- a DM response to ask the DTE to initiate a data link set\(hyup procedure
- as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1 and enter the disconnected phase. The value
- of N2 is defined in \(sc\ 2.4.8.4\ below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- If, at any time during the enquiry process, an unsolicited RR or REJ frame
- is received from the DTE, it will be considered to be an indication of
- .ce
- clearance of the busy condition. Should the unsolicited RR or REJ frame be a
- .ce
- command frame with the P bit set to\ 1, the appropriate response frame
- with the F\ bit set to 1 must be transmitted before the DCE may resume
- transmission of
- .ce
- I\ frames. If Timer\ T1 is running, the DCE will wait for the non\(hybusy
- response with the F bit set to\ 1 or will wait for Timer\ T1 to run out
- and then either
- .ce
- may reinitiate the enquiry process in order to realize a successful P/F bit
- .ce
- exchange or may resume transmission of I frames beginning with the I\ frame
- .ce
- identified by the N(R) in the received RR or REJ frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.5.8
- .ce
- \fIDCE busy condition\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- When the DCE enters a busy condition, it will transmit an RNR frame at
- the earliest opportunity. The RNR frame will be a command frame with the
- P bit set to\ 1 if an acknowledged transfer of the busy condition indication
- is
- .ce
- required; otherwise the RNR frame may be either a command or a response
- frame. While in the busy condition, the DCE will accept and process supervisory
- .ce
- frames, will accept and process the contents of the N(R) fields of I\ frames,
- .ce
- and will return an RNR response with the F bit set to\ 1 if it receives a
- .ce
- supervisory command or I command frame with the P bit set to\ 1. To clear the
- .ce
- busy condition, the DCE will transmit either an REJ frame or an RR frame, with
- .ce
- N(R) set to the current receive state variable V(R), depending on whether or
- .ce
- not it discarded information fields of correctly received I\ frames. The REJ
- .ce
- frame or the RR frame will be a command frame with the P bit set to\ 1 if an
- .ce
- acknowledged transfer of the busy\(hyto\(hynon\(hybusy transition is required,
- otherwise the REJ frame or the RR frame may be either a command or a response
- frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.4.5.9
- .ce
- \fIWaiting acknowledgement\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE maintains an internal transmission attempt variable which is set
- to\ 0 when the DCE sends a UA response, when the DCE receives a UA
- .ce
- response or an RNR command or response, or when the DCE correctly receives
- an I\ frame or supervisory frame with the N(R) higher than the last received
- N(R) (actually acknowledging some outstanding I\ frames).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If Timer T1 runs out waiting for the acknowledgement from the DTE for an
- I\ frame transmitted, the DCE will enter the timer recovery condition,
- add
- .ce
- one to its transmission attempt variable and set an internal variable \fIx\fR
- .ce
- to
- .ce
- the current value of its send state variable V(S). The DCE will then restart
- .ce
- Timer T1, set its send state variable V(S) to the last value of N(R) received
- from the DTE and retransmit the corresponding I\ frame with the P bit set
- to\ 1, or transmit an appropriate supervisory command frame (RR, RNR or
- REJ) with the P\ bit set to\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- The timer recovery condition is cleared when the DCE receives a valid supervisory
- frame with the F\ bit\ set to\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If, while in the timer recovery condition, the DCE correctly receives a
- supervisory frame with the F bit set to\ 1 and with the N(R) within the
- range from its current send state variable V(S) to \fIx\fR
- .ce
- included, it will clear the
- .ce
- timer recovery condition (including stopping Timer\ T1) and set its send
- state variable V(S) to the value of the received N(R), and may then resume
- with
- .ce
- I\ frame transmission or retransmission, as appropriate.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If, while in the timer recovery condition, the DCE correctly receives an
- I or supervisory frame with the P/F bit set to\ 0 and with a valid N(R)
- (see \(sc\ 2.3.4.9), it will not clear the timer recovery condition. The
- value of the
- .ce
- received N(R) may be used to update the send state variable V(S). However,
- the DCE may decide to keep the last transmitted I\ frame in store (even
- if it is
- .ce
- acknowledged) in order to be able to retransmit it with the P bit set to\
- 1 when Timer\ T1 runs out at a later time.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- If the received supervisory frame with the P/F bit set to\ 0 is an REJ
- frame with a valid N(R), the DCE may either immediately initiate
- .ce
- (re)transmission from the value of the send state variable V(S), or it may
- .ce
- ignore the request for retransmission and wait until the supervisory frame
- with the F bit set to\ 1 is received before initiating (re)transmission
- of frames
- .ce
- from the value identified in the N(R) field of the supervisory frame with
- the F\ bit set to\ 1. In the case of immediate retransmission, in order
- to prevent
- .ce
- duplicate retransmissions following the clearance of the timer recovery
- .ce
- condition, the DCE shall inhibit retransmission of a specific I\ frame [same
- .ce
- N(R) in the same numbering cycle] if the DCE has retransmitted that I\
- frame as the result of a received REJ frame with the P/F bit set to\ 0.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If, while in the timer recovery condition, the DCE receives a REJ
- .ce
- command with the P bit set to\ 1, the DCE will respond immediately with an
- .ce
- appropriate supervisory response with the F bit set to\ 1. The DCE may
- then use the value of the N(R) in the REJ command to update the send state
- variable
- .ce
- V(S), and may either immediately begin (re)transmission from the value N(R)
- .ce
- indicated in the REJ frame or ignore the request for retransmission and wait
- .ce
- until the supervisory frame with the F bit set to\ 1 is received before
- .ce
- initiating (re)transmission of I\ frames from the value identified in the
- N(R) field of the supervisory frame with the F\ bit set to\ 1. In the case
- of
- .ce
- immediate retransmission, in order to prevent duplicate retransmissions
- .ce
- following the clearance of the timer recovery condition, the DCE shall
- inhibit retransmission of a specific I\ frame [same N(R) in the same numbering
- cycle]
- .ce
- if the DCE has retransmitted that I\ frame as the result of the received REJ
- .ce
- command with the P\ bit set to\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If Timer T1 runs out in the timer recovery condition, and no I or
- .ce
- supervisory frame with the P/F bit set to 0 and with a valid N(R) has been
- .ce
- received, or no REJ command with the P bit set to\ 1 and with a valid N(R)
- has been received, the DCE will add one to its transmission attempt variable,
- .ce
- restart Timer\ T1, and either retransmit the I frame sent with the P bit set
- .ce
- to\ 1 or transmit an appropriate supervisory command with the P bit set to\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- If the transmission attempt variable is equal to N2, the DCE will
- .ce
- initiate a data link resetting procedure as described in \(sc\ 2.4.7.2
- below, or
- .ce
- will transmit a DM response to ask the DTE to initiate a data link set\(hyup
- .ce
- procedure as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1 above and enter the disconnected
- phase. N2 is a system parameter (see \(sc\ 2.4.8.4 below).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- \fINote\fR
- .ce
- \ \(em\ Although the DCE may implement the internal variable \fIx\fR
- .ce
- ,
- .ce
- other mechanisms do exist that achieve the identical function.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.6
- .ce
- \fILAPB conditions for \fR
- .ce
- \fIdata link resetting or data link\fR
- .ce
-
- .ce
- \fIre\(hyinitialization\fR
- .ce
- \fI(data link set\(hyup)\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.6.1
- .ce
- When the DCE receives, during the information transfer phase, a
- .ce
- frame which is not invalid (see \(sc\ 2.3.5.3) with one of the conditions
- listed in \(sc\ 2.3.4.9 above, the DCE will request the DTE to initiate
- a data link resetting procedure by transmitting an FRMR response to the
- DTE as described in
- .ce
- \(sc\ 2.4.7.3.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.6.2
- .ce
- When the DCE receives, during the information transfer phase, an FRMR response
- from the DTE, the DCE will either initiate the data link
- .ce
- resetting procedures itself as described in \(sc\ 2.4.7.2 or return a DM
- response to ask the DTE to initiate the data link set\(hyup (initialization)
- procedure as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1. After transmitting a DM response,
- the DCE will enter
- .ce
- the disconnected phase as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.4.2.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.6.3
- .ce
- When the DCE receives, during the information transfer phase, a UA response,
- or an unsolicited response with the F bit set to\ 1, the DCE may
- .ce
- either initiate the data link resetting procedures itself as described in
- .ce
- \(sc\ 2.4.7.2, or return a DM response to ask the DTE to initiate the data link
- .ce
- set\(hyup (initialization) procedure as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1. After
- transmitting a DM response, the DCE will enter the disconnected phase as
- described in
- .ce
- \(sc\ 2.4.4.4.2.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.6.4
- .ce
- When the DCE receives, during the information transfer phase, a DM response
- from the DTE, the DCE will either initiate the data link set\(hyup
- .ce
- (initialization) procedures itself as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1, or return
- a DM
- .ce
- response to ask the DTE to initiate the data link set\(hyup (initialization)
- .ce
- procedures as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1. After transmitting a DM response,
- the DCE will enter the disconnected phase as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.4.2.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.4.7
- .ce
- \fILAPB procedure for data link resetting\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.7.1
- .ce
- The data link resetting procedure is used to initialize both
- .ce
- directions of information transfer according to the procedure described
- below. The data link resetting procedure only applies during the information
- transfer phase.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.7.2
- .ce
- Either the DTE or the DCE may initiate the data link resetting
- .ce
- procedure. The data link resetting procedure indicates a clearance of a DCE
- .ce
- and/or DTE busy condition, if present.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DTE shall initiate a data link resetting by transmitting an
- .ce
- SABM/SABME command to the DCE. If, upon correct receipt of the SABM/SABME
- .ce
- command, the DCE determines that it can continue in the information transfer
- .ce
- phase, it will return a UA response to the DTE, will reset its send and
- receive state variables V(S) and V(R) to zero, and will remain in the information
- .ce
- transfer phase. If, upon correct receipt of the SABM/SABME command, the DCE
- .ce
- determines that it cannot remain in the information transfer phase, it will
- .ce
- return a DM response as a denial to the resetting request and will enter the
- .ce
- disconnected phase.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE will initiate a data link resetting by transmitting an
- .ce
- SABM/SABME command to the DTE and starting its Timer\ T1 (see \(sc\ 2.4.8.1
- below). Upon reception of a UA response from the DTE, the DCE will reset
- its send and receive state variables V(S) and V(R) to zero, will stop its
- Timer\ T1, and will remain in the information transfer phase. Upon reception
- of a DM response from the DTE as a denial to the data link resetting request,
- the DCE will stop its Timer\ T1 and will enter the disconnected phase.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE, having sent an SABM/SABME command, will ignore and discard
- .ce
- any frames received from the DTE except an SABM/SABME or DISC command,
- or a UA or DM response. The receipt of an SABM/SABME or DISC command from
- the DTE will result in a collision situation that is resolved per \(sc\
- 2.4.4.5 above. Frames
- .ce
- other than the UA or DM response sent in response to a received SABM/SABME
- or DISC command will be sent only after the data link is reset and if no
- .ce
- outstanding SABM/SABME command exists.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- After the DCE sends the SABM/SABME command, if a UA or DM response is not
- received correctly, Timer\ T1 will run out in the DCE. The DCE will then
- .ce
- resend the SABM/SABME command and will restart Timer\ T1. After N2 attempts
- to reset the data link, the DCE will initiate appropriate higher layer
- recovery
- .ce
- action and will enter the disconnected phase. The value of N2 is defined in
- .ce
- \(sc\ 2.4.8.4 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.7.3
- .ce
- The DCE may ask the DTE to reset the data link by transmitting an FRMR
- response (see \(sc\ 2.4.6.1 above). After transmitting an FRMR response,
- .ce
- the DCE will enter the frame rejection condition.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The frame rejection condition is cleared when the DCE receives an SABM/SABME
- command, a DISC command, a FRMR response, or a DM response; or if
- .ce
- the DCE transmits an SABM/SABME command, a DISC command, or a DM response.
- .ce
- Other commands received while in the frame rejection condition will cause
- the DCE to retransmit the FRMR response with the same information field
- as
- .ce
- originally transmitted.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE may start Timer\ T1 on transmission of the FRMR response. If
- .ce
- Timer\ T1 runs out before the frame rejection condition is cleared, the
- DCE may retransmit the FRMR response, and restart T1. After N2 attempts
- (time outs) to get the DTE to reset the data link, the DCE may reset the
- data link itself as described in \(sc\ 2.4.7.2 above. The value of N2 is
- defined in \(sc\ 2.4.8.4 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- In the frame rejection condition, I frames and supervisory frames will
- not be transmitted by the DCE. Also, received I frames and supervisory
- frames will be discarded by the DCE except for the observance of a P bit
- set to\ 1.
- .ce
- When an additional FRMR response must be transmitted by the DCE as a result
- of the receipt of a P\ bit set to 1 while Timer\ T1 is running, Timer\
- T1 will
- .ce
- continue to run. Upon reception of an FRMR response (even during a frame
- .ce
- rejection condition), the DCE will initiate a resetting procedure by
- .ce
- transmitting an SABM/SABME command as described in \(sc\ 2.4.7.2 above, or will
- .ce
- transmit a DM response to ask the DTE to initiate the data link set\(hyup
- .ce
- procedure as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1 and enter the disconnected phase.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.8
- .ce
- \fIList of \fR
- .ce
- \fILAPB system parameters\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE and DTE system parameters are as follows:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.4.8.1
- .ce
- \fITimer\fR
- .ce
- \fIT1\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The value of the DTE Timer T1 system parameter may be different
- .ce
- than the value of the DCE Timer T1 system parameter. These values shall
- be made known to both the DTE and the DCE, and agreed to for a period of
- time by both the DTE and the DCE.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The period of Timer T1, at the end of which retransmission of a frame may
- be initiated (see \(sc\ 2.4.4 and \(sc\ 2.4.5 above for the DCE), shall
- take into account whether T1 is started at the beginning or the end of
- the transmission of a frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The proper operation of the procedure requires that the transmitter's (DCE
- or DTE) Timer\ T1 be greater than the maximum time between transmission
- of a frame (SABM/SABME, DISC, I\ or supervisory command, or DM or FRMR
- response)
- .ce
- and the reception of the corresponding frame returned as an answer to that
- .ce
- frame (UA, DM or acknowledging frame). Therefore, the receiver (DCE or DTE)
- .ce
- should not delay the response or acknowledging frame returned to one of the
- .ce
- above frames by more than a value\ T2, where T2 is a system parameter (see
- .ce
- \(sc\ 2.4.8.2).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- The DCE will not delay the response or acknowledging frame returned to
- one of the above DTE frames by more than a period\ T2.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.8.2
- .ce
- \fIParameter T2\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The value of the DTE parameter T2 may be different than the value of the
- DCE parameter T2. These values shall be made known to both the DTE and
- the DCE, and agreed to for a period of time by both the DTE and the DCE.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- The period of parameter T2 shall indicate the amount of time
- .ce
- available at the DCE or DTE before the acknowledging frame must be initiated
- in order to ensure its receipt by the DTE or DCE, respectively, prior to
- Timer\ T1 running out at the DTE or DCE (parameter\ T2\ <\ Timer\ T1).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- \fINote\fR
- .ce
- \ \(em\ The period of parameter T2 shall take into account the
- .ce
- following timing factors: the transmission time of the acknowledging frame,
- the propagation time over the access data link, the stated processing times
- at the DCE and the DTE, and the time to complete the transmission of the
- frame(s) in the DCE or DTE transmit queue that are neither displaceable
- or modifiable in an orderly manner.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- Given a value for Timer T1 for the DTE or DCE, the value of parameter T2
- at the DCE or DTE, respectively, must be no larger than T1 minus\ 2 times
- the propagation time over the access data link, minus the frame processing
- time at the DCE, minus the frame processing time at the DTE, and minus
- the transmission time of the acknowledging frame by the DCE or DTE, respectively.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.4.8.3
- .ce
- \fITimer T3\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE shall support a Timer T3 system parameter, the value of
- .ce
- which shall be made known to the DTE.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The period of Timer T3, at the end of which an indication of an
- .ce
- observed excessively long idle channel state condition is passed to the
- Packet Layer, shall be sufficiently greater than the period of the DCE
- Timer T1
- .ce
- (i.e.\ T3\ >\ T1) so that the expiration of T3 provides the desired level of
- .ce
- assurance that the data link channel is in a non\(hyactive, non\(hyoperational
- state, and is in need of data link set\(hyup before normal data link operation
- can
- .ce
- resume.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.8.4
- .ce
- \fIMaximum number of attempts\fR
- .ce
- \fIto complete a\fR
- .ce
-
- .ce
- \fItransmission N2\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- The value of the DTE N2 system parameter may be different than the value
- of the DCE N2 system parameter. These values shall be made known to both
- the DTE and the DCE, and agreed to for a period of time by both the DTE
- and the DCE.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The value of N2 shall indicate the maximum number of attempts made by the
- DCE or DTE to complete the successful transmission of a frame to the DTE
- or DCE, respectively.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.8.5
- .ce
- \fIMaximum number of bits in an I frame N1\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The value of the DTE N1 system parameter may be different than the value
- of the DCE N1 system parameter. These values shall be made known to both
- the DTE and the DCE.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The values of N1 shall indicate the maximum number of bits in an
- .ce
- I\ frame (excluding flags and 0\ bits inserted for transparency) that the
- DCE or DTE is willing to accept from the DTE or DCE, respectively.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- In order to allow for universal operation, a DTE should support a
- .ce
- value of DTE N1 which is not less than 1080\ bits (135\ octets). DTEs should
- be aware that the network may transmit longer packets (see \(sc\ 5.2),
- that may result in a data link layer problem.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- All networks shall offer to a DTE which requires it, a value of DCE N1
- which is greater than or equal to 2072\ bits (259\ octets) plus the length
- of the address, control and FCS fields at the DTE/DCE interface, and greater
- than or equal to the maximum length of the data packets which may cross
- the DTE/DCE
- .ce
- interface plus the length of the address, control and FCS fields at the
- DTE/DCE interface.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Appendix II provides a description of how the values stated above are derived.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.8.6
- .ce
- \fIMaximum number of \fR
- .ce
- \fIoutstanding I frames k\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The value of the DTE k system parameter shall be the same as the
- .ce
- value of the DCE k system parameter. This value shall be agreed to for a
- .ce
- period of time by both the DTE and the DCE.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The value of k shall indicate the maximum number of sequentially
- .ce
- numbered I\ frames that the DTE or DCE may have outstanding
- .ce
- (i.e.\ unacknowledged) at any given time. The value of k shall never exceed
- .ce
- seven for modulo\ 8 operation, or one hundred and twenty\(hyseven for modulo\
- 128
- .ce
- operation. All networks (DCEs) shall support a value of seven. Other values
- of k (less than and greater than seven) may also be supported by networks
- .ce
- (DCEs).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- .line
- .ce
- \fBMONTAGE : \(sc 2.5 de cette Recommandation sur le reste de cette page\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- .line
- .ad r
- \fBTable 2/X.25 [T2.25], p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.2.2
- \fIFlag sequence\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- All frames shall start and end with the flag sequence consisting of one
- 0\ bit followed by six contiguous 1\ bits and one 0\ bit. The DTE and DCE
- shall only send complete eight\(hybit flag sequences when sending multiple flag
- sequences (see \(sc\ 2.2.11). A single flag may be used as both the
- closing
- flag
- for one frame and the
- opening flag
- for the next frame.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.2.3
- \fIAddress field\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The address field shall consist of one octet. The address field
- identifies the intended receiver of a command frame and the transmitter of a
- response frame. The coding of the address field is described in \(sc\ 2.4.2
- (LAPB) and in \(sc\ 2.7.1 (LAP) below.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.2.4
- \fIControl field\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- For modulo\ 8 (basic) operation, the control field shall consist of one
- octet. For modulo\ 128 (extended) operation, the control field shall consist
- of two octets for frame formats that contain sequence numbers, and one
- octet
- for frame formats that do not contain sequence numbers. The content of this
- field is described in \(sc\ 2.3.2\ (LAPB) and in \(sc\ 2.6.2 (LAP) below.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.2.5
- \fIInformation field\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The information field of a frame, when present, follows the control field
- (see \(sc\ 2.2.4 above) and precedes the
- frame check sequence field
- (see \(sc\ 2.2.7 below).
- .PP
- See \(sc\(sc 2.3.4.9, 2.5.2, 2.6.4.8 and 5 for the various codings and
- groupings of bits in the information field as used in this Recommendation.
- .PP
- See \(sc\(sc 2.3.4.9, 2.4.8.5, 2.6.4.8 and 2.7.7.5 below with regard to
- the maximum information field length.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.2.6
- \fITransparency\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The DCE or DTE, when transmitting, shall examine the frame content between
- the two flag sequences including the address, control, information and
- FCS fields and shall insert a 0 bit after all sequences of 5 contiguous
- 1\ bits (including the last 5\ bits of the FCS) to ensure that a flag sequence
- is not
- simulated. The DCE or DTE, when receiving, shall examine the frame content
- and shall discard any 0\ bit which directly follows\ 5 contiguous 1\ bits.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.2.7
- \fIFrame check sequence (FCS)\fR \fI field\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The notation used to describe the FCS is based on the property of cyclic
- codes that a code vector such as 1000000100001 can be represented by a
- polynomial \fIP\fR (\fIx\fR )\ =\ \fIx\fR \u1\d\u2\d\ +\ \fIx\fR \u5\d\
- +\ 1. The elements of an \fIn\fR \(hyelement
- code word are thus the coefficients of a polynomial of order \fIn\fR \
- \(em\ 1. In this application, these coefficients can have the value\ 0
- or\ 1 and the polynomial
- operations are performed modulo\ 2. The polynomial representing the content
- of a frame is generated using the first bit received after the frame opening
- flag as the coefficient of the highest order term.
- .PP
- The FCS field shall be a 16\(hybit sequence. It shall be the ones
- complement of the sum (modulo\ 2) of:
- .RT
- .LP
- 1)
- the remainder of
- \fIx\fR \uD\dlFk\fR (\fIx\fR \u1\d\u5\d\uD\dlF036+\ \fIx\fR \u1\d\u4\d\
- +\ \fIx\fR \u1\d\u3\d\ +
- \fIx\fR \u1\d\u2\d\ +\ \fIx\fR \u1\d\u1\d\ +\ \fIx\fR \u1\d\u0\d\ +\ \fIx\fR
- \u9\d\ +\ \fIx\fR \u8\d\ +
- \fIx\fR \u7\d\ +\ \fIx\fR \u6\d\ +\ \fIx\fR \u5\d\ +\ \fIx\fR \u4\d\uD\dlF036+\
- \fIx\fR \u3\d\ +
- +\ \fIx\fR \u2\d\ +\ \fIx\fR \ +\ 1) divided (modulo\ 2)
- by the
- generator polynomial \fIx\fR \u1\d\u6\d\ +\ \fIx\fR \u1\d\u2\d\ +\ \fIx\fR
- \u5\d\ +\ 1,
- where \fIk\fR is the number of bits in the frame existing between,
- but not including, the final bit of the opening flag and the
- first bit of the FCS, excluding bits inserted for transparency,
- and
- .LP
- 2)
- the remainder of the division (modulo 2) by the generator
- polynomial \fIx\fR \u1\d\u6\d\ +\ \fIx\fR \u1\d\u2\d\ +\ \fIx\fR \u5\d\
- +\ 1 of the
- product of \fIx\fR \u1\d\u6\d by the content of the frame, existing
- between but not including, the final bit of the opening flag and
- the first bit of the FCS, excluding bits inserted for
- transparency.
- .PP
- As a typical implementation, at the transmitter, the initial
- content of the register of the device computing the remainder of the division
- is preset to all 1s and is then modified by division by the generator
- polynomial (as described above) on the address, control and information
- fields; the ones complement of the resulting remainder is transmitted as
- the 16\(hybit
- FCS.
- .PP
- At the receiver, the initial content of the register of the device
- computing the remainder is preset to all 1s. The final remainder, after
- multiplication by \fIx\fR \u1\d\u6\d and then division (modulo\ 2) by the
- generator
- polynomial \fIx\fR \u1\d\u6\d\ +\ \fIx\fR \u1\d\u2\d\ +\ \fIx\fR \u5\d\
- +\ 1 of the serial incoming protected bits and the FCS, will be 0001110100001111
- (\fIx\fR \u1\d\u5\d through
- \fIx\fR \u0\d, respectively) in the absence of transmission errors.
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ Examples of transmitted bit patterns by the DCE and
- the DTE illustrating application of the transparency mechanism and the
- frame check
- sequence to the SABM command and the UA response are given in Appendix\ I.
- .bp
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.2.8
- \fIOrder of bit transmission\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Addresses, commands, responses and sequence numbers shall be
- .PP
- transmitted with the low\(hyorder bit first (for example, the first bit of the
- sequence number that is transmitted shall have the weight 2\u0\d). The
- order of transmitting bits within the information field is not specified
- under \(sc\ 2 of
- this Recommendation. The FCS shall be transmitted to the line commencing
- with the coefficient of the highest term, which is found in bit position\
- 16 of the FCS\ field (see Tables\ 1/X.25 and 2/X.25).
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ In Tables 1/X.25 to 13/X.25, bit 1 is defined as the
- low\(hyorder bit.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.2.9
- \fIInvalid frames\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The definition of an invalid frame is described in \(sc\ 2.3.5.3 (LAPB)
- and in \(sc\ 2.6.5.3 (LAP) below.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.2.10
- \fIFrame abortion\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Aborting a frame is performed by transmitting at least seven
- contiguous 1\ bits (with no inserted 0\ bits).
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.2.11
- \fIInterframe time fill\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Interframe time fill is accomplished by transmitting contiguous
- flags between frames, i.e.\ multiple eight\(hybit flag sequences (see
- \(sc\ 2.2.2).
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.2.12
- \fILink channel states\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- A link channel as defined here is the means for transmission for
- one direction.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.2.12.1
- \fIActive channel state\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The DCE incoming or outgoing channel is defined to be in an active condition
- when it is receiving or transmitting, respectively, a frame, an
- abortion sequence or interframe time fill.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.2.12.2
- \fIIdle channel state\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The DCE incoming or outgoing channel is defined to be in an idle
- condition when it is receiving or transmitting, respectively, a continuous\
- 1s state for a period of at least 15\ bit times.
- .PP
- See \(sc\ 2.3.5.5 for a description of DCE action when an idle condition
- exists on its incoming channel for an excessive period of time.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.3
- \fILAPB elements of procedures\fR \v'3p'
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 2.3.1
- The LAPB elements of procedures are defined in terms of actions
- that occur on receipt of frames at the DCE or\ DTE.
- .PP
- The elements of procedures specified below contain the selection
- .LP
- of commands and responses relevant to the LAPB data link and system
- configurations
- described in \(sc\ 2.1 above. Together, \(sc\(sc\ 2.2 and 2.3 form the general
- requirements for the proper management of a LAPB access data link.
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 2.3.2
- \fILAPB control field formats and parameters\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.3.2.1
- \fIControl field formats\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The control field contains a command or a response, and sequence
- numbers where applicable.
- .PP
- Three types of control field formats are used to perform numbered
- information transfer (I\ format), numbered supervisory functions (S\ format)
- and unnumbered control functions (U\ format).
- .PP
- The control field formats for basic (modulo\ 8) operation are depicted
- in Table\ 3/X.25.
- .PP
- The control field formats for extended (modulo 128) operation are
- depicted in Table\ 4/X.25.
- .bp
- .RT
- .ce
- .line
- .ce
- \fBTable 3/X.25 [T3.25], p.\fR
- .ce
- .line
- .ce
- \fBTable 4/X.25 [T4/X.25], p.\fR
- .ce
- 2.3.2.1.1
- .ce
- \fIInformation transfer format\fR
- .ce
- \fI \(em I\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The I format is used to perform an information transfer. The
- .ce
- functions of N(S), N(R) and P are independent; i.e.,\ each I\ frame has
- an N(S), an N(R) which may or may not acknowledge additional I\ frames
- received by the
- .ce
- DCE or DTE, and a P\ bit that may be set to\ 0 or\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.2.1.2
- .ce
- \fISupervisory format\fR
- .ce
- \fI \(em S\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The S format is used to perform data link supervisory control
- .ce
- functions such as acknowledge I\ frames, request retransmission of I\ frames,
- and to request a temporary suspension of transmission of I\ frames. The
- functions of N(R) and P/F are independent; i.e.,\ each supervisory frame
- has an N(R) which
- .ce
- may or may not acknowledge additional I\ frames received by the DCE or\
- DTE, and a P/F\ bit that may be set to\ 0 or\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.2.1.3
- .ce
- \fIUnnumbered format\fR
- .ce
- \fI \(em U\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The U format is used to provide additional data link control
- .ce
- functions. This format contains no sequence numbers, but does include a
- P/F\ bit that may be set to\ 0 or\ 1. The unnumbered frames have the same
- control field
- .ce
- length (one octet) in both basic (modulo\ 8) operation and extended (modulo\
- 128) operation.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.2.2
- .ce
- \fIControl field parameters\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The various parameters associated with the control field formats
- .ce
- are described below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.2.2.1
- .ce
- \fIModulus\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Each I frame is sequentially numbered and may have the value\ 0
- .ce
- through modulus minus\ 1 (where \*Qmodulus\*U is the modulus of the sequence
- .ce
- numbers). The modulus equals either\ 8 or\ 128 and the sequence numbers cycle
- .ce
- through the entire range.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.2.2.2
- .ce
- \fISend state variable\fR
- .ce
- \fI V(S)\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The send state variable V(S) denotes the sequence number of the
- .ce
- next in\(hysequence I\ frame to be transmitted. V(S) can take on the values\ 0
- .ce
- through modulus minus\ 1. The value of V(S) is incremented by\ 1 with each
- .ce
- successive I\ frame transmission, but cannot exceed the N(R) of the last
- .ce
- received\ I or supervisory frame by more than the maximum number of outstanding
- I\ frames\ (\fIk\fR
- .ce
- ). The value of\ k is defined in \(sc\ 2.4.8.6 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.3.2.2.3
- .ce
- \fISend sequence number\fR
- .ce
- \fI N(S)\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Only I frames contain N(S), the send sequence number of transmitted I\
- frames. At the time that an in\(hysequence I\ frame is designated for
- .ce
- transmission, the value of N(S) is set equal to the value of the send state
- .ce
- variable\ V(S).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.2.2.4
- .ce
- \fIReceive state variable\fR
- .ce
- \fIV(R)\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The receive state variable V(R) denotes the sequence number of the next
- in\(hysequence I\ frame expected to be received. V(R) can take on the values
- 0 through modulus minus\ 1. The value of V(R) is incremented by\ 1 by the
- receipt of an error\(hyfree, in\(hysequence I\ frame whose send sequence
- number N(S) equals
- .ce
- the receive state variable V(R).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.2.2.5
- .ce
- \fIReceive sequence number\fR
- .ce
- \fI N(R)\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- All I frames and supervisory frames contain N(R), the expected send sequence
- number of the next received I\ frame. At the time that a frame of the above
- types is designated for transmission, the value of N(R) is set equal to
- the current value of the receive state variable V(R). N(R) indicates that
- the DCE or DTE transmitting the N(R) has received correctly all I\ frames
- numbered up to and including N(R)\ \(em\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.2.2.6
- .ce
- \fIPoll/Final bit\fR
- .ce
- \fI P/F\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- All frames contain P/F, the Poll/Final bit. In command frames, the P/F
- bit is referred to as the P bit. In response frames, it is referred to
- as the F\ bit.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.3
- .ce
- \fIFunctions of the Poll/Final bit\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The Poll bit set to 1 is used by the DCE or DTE to solicit (poll) a response
- from the DTE or DCE, respectively. The Final bit set to\ 1 is used by the
- DCE or DTE to indicate the response frame transmitted by the DTE or DCE,
- .ce
- respectively, as a result of the soliciting (poll) command.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The use of the P/F bit is described in \(sc\ 2.4.3 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.4
- .ce
- \fICommands and responses\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- For basic (modulo 8) operation, the commands and responses
- .ce
- represented in Table\ 5/X.25 will be supported by the DCE and the\ DTE.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- For extended (modulo 128) operation, the commands and responses
- .ce
- represented in Table\ 6/X.25 will be supported by the DCE and the DTE.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- For purposes of the LAPB procedures, the supervisory function bit encoding
- \*Q11\*U and those encodings of the modifier function bits in
- .ce
- Tables\ 3/X.25 and 4/X.25 not identified in Tables\ 5/X.25 or 6/X.25 are
- .ce
- identified as \*Qundefined or not implemented\*U command and response control
- .ce
- fields.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The commands and responses in Tables 5/X.25 and 6/X.25 are defined as follows:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.4.1
- .ce
- \fIInformation (I)\fR
- .ce
- \fI command\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The function of the information (I) command is to transfer across a data
- link a sequentially numbered frame containing an information field.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- .line
- .ce
- \fBTable 5/X.25 [T5.25], p.\fR
- .ce
- .line
- .ce
- \fBTable 6/X.25 [T6.25], p.\fR
- .ce
- 2.3.4.2
- .ce
- \fIReceive ready (RR)\fR
- .ce
- \fI command and response\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The receive ready (RR) supervisory frame is used by the DCE
- .ce
- or DTE to:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 1)
- .ce
- indicate it is ready to receive an I frame; and
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2)
- .ce
- acknowledge previously received I frames numbered up to and
- .ce
- including N(R)\ \(em\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- An RR frame may be used to indicate the clearance of a busy
- .ce
- condition that was reported by the earlier transmission of an RNR frame
- by that same station (DCE or\ DTE). In addition to indicating the DCE or
- DTE status, the RR command with the P\ bit set to\ 1 may be used by the
- DCE or DTE to ask for the status of the DTE or DCE, respectively.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.4.3
- .ce
- \fIReceive not ready (RNR) command and response\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The receive not ready (RNR) supervisory frame is used by the DCE or DTE
- to indicate a busy condition; i.e.\ temporary inability to accept
- .ce
- additional incoming I\ frames. I\ frames numbered up to and including N(R)\
- \(em\ 1
- .ce
- are acknowledged. I\ frame N(R) and any subsequent I\ frames received, if any,
- .ce
- are not acknowledged; the acceptance status of these I\ frames will be
- indicated in subsequent exchanges.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- In addition to indicating the DCE or DTE status, the RNR command with the
- P bit set to\ 1 may be used by an DCE or DTE to ask for the status of the
- .ce
- DTE or DCE, respectively.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.4.4
- .ce
- \fIReject (REJ) command and response\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The reject (REJ) supervisory frame is used by the DCE or DTE to request
- transmission of I\ frames starting with the frame numbered N(R).
- .ce
- I\ frames numbered N(R)\ \(em\ 1 and below are acknowledged. Additional
- I\ frames
- .ce
- pending initial transmission may be transmitted following the retransmitted
- .ce
- I\ frame(s).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- Only one REJ exception condition for a given direction of information transfer
- may be established at any time. The REJ exception condition is cleared
- (reset) upon the receipt of an I\ frame with an N(S) equal to the N(R)
- of the
- .ce
- REJ\ frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- An REJ frame may be used to indicate the clearance of a busy condition
- that was reported by the earlier transmission of an RNR frame by that same
- .ce
- station (DCE or\ DTE). In addition to indicating the DCE or DTE status, the
- .ce
- REJ\ command with the P bit set to\ 1 may be used by the DCE or\ DTE to ask for
- .ce
- the status of the DTE or\ DCE, respectively.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- \fR
- .ce
- 2.3.4.5
- .ce
- \fISet asynchronous balanced mode (SABM)\fR
- .ce
- \fIcommand/\fR
- .ce
- \fISet asynchronous balanced mode extended (SABME)\fR
- .ce
-
- .ce
- \fIcommand (subscription time option)\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- The SABM unnumbered command is used to place the addressed DCE or DTE in
- an asynchronous balanced mode (ABM) information transfer phase where all
- command/response control fields will be one\ octet in length.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The SABME unnumbered command is used to place the addressed DCE or DTE
- in an asynchronous balanced mode\ (ABM) information transfer phase where
- .ce
- numbered command/response control fields will be two octets in length, and
- .ce
- unnumbered command/response control fields will be one octet in length.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- No information field is permitted with the SABM or SABME command. The transmission
- of a SABM/SABME command indicates the clearance of a busy
- .ce
- condition that was reported by the earlier trans
- .ce
- mission\ of an RNR\ frame by that
- .ce
- same station (DCE or\ DTE). The DCE or DTE confirms acceptance of SABM/SABME
- .ce
- [modulo\ 8 (basic) operation/modulo\ 128 (extended) operation] command by the
- .ce
- transmission, at the first opportunity, of a UA\ response. Upon acceptance of
- .ce
- this command, the DCE or DTE send state variable\ V(S) and receive state
- .ce
- variable V(R) are set to\ 0.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Previously transmitted I\ frames that are unacknowledged when this
- .ce
- command is actioned remain unac
- .ce
- knowledged.\ It is the responsibility of a
- .ce
- higher layer (e.g.\ Packet Layer or MLP) to recover from the possible loss of
- .ce
- the contents (e.g.\ packets) of such I\ frames.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- \fINote\fR
- .ce
- \ \(em\ The mode of operation of a data link [basic (modulo 8) or
- .ce
- extended (modulo\ 128)] is determined at subscription time and is only
- changed by going through a new subscription process.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.4.6
- .ce
- \fIDisconnect (DISC)\fR
- .ce
- \fI command\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DISC unnumbered command is used to terminate the mode
- .ce
- previously set. It is used to inform the DCE or DTE receiving the DISC
- command that the DTE or DCE sending the DISC command is suspending operation.
- No
- .ce
- information field is permitted with the DISC command. Prior to actioning the
- .ce
- DISC command, the DCE or DTE receiving the DISC command confirms the acceptance
- of the DISC command by the transmission of a UA response. The DTE or DCE
- .ce
- sending the DISC command enters the disconnected phase when it receives the
- .ce
- acknowledging UA response.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Previously transmitted I frames that are unacknowledged when this
- .ce
- command is actioned remain unacknowledged. It is the responsibility of
- a higher layer (e.g.\ Packet Layer or MLP) to recover from the possible
- loss of the
- .ce
- contents (e.g.,\ packets) of such I frames.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.4.7
- .ce
- \fIUnnumbered acknowledgement (UA)\fR
- .ce
- \fI response\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The UA unnumbered response is used by the DCE or DTE to acknowledge the
- receipt and acceptance of the mode\(hysetting commands. Received mode\(hysetting
- commands are not actioned until the UA response is transmitted. The
- .ce
- transmission of a UA response indicates the clearance of a busy condition
- that was reported by the earlier transmission of an RNR frame by that same
- station (DCE or DTE). No information field is permitted with the UA response.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.3.4.8
- .ce
- \fIDisconnected mode (DM)\fR
- .ce
- \fI response\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DM unnumbered response is used to report a status where the DCE or
- DTE is logically disconnected from the data link, and is in the disconnected
- phase. The DM response may be sent to indicate that the DCE or DTE has
- entered the disconnected phase without benefit of having received a DISC
- command, or, if sent in response to the reception of a mode setting command,
- is sent to
- .ce
- inform the DTE or DCE that the DCE or DTE, respectively, is still in the
- .ce
- disconnected phase and cannot execute the set mode command. No information
- .ce
- field is permitted with the DM response.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- A DCE or DTE in a disconnected phase will monitor received commands
- .ce
- and will react to an SABM/SABME command as outlined in \(sc\ 2.4.4 below,
- and will respond with a DM response with the F bit set to\ 1 to any other
- command
- .ce
- received with the P\ bit set to\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.4.9
- .ce
- \fIFrame reject (FRMR)\fR
- .ce
- \fI response\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The FRMR unnumbered response is used by the DCE or DTE to report an error
- condition not recoverable by retransmission of the identical frame;
- .ce
- i.e.\ at least one of the following conditions, which results from the
- receipt of a valid frame:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 1)
- .ce
- the receipt of a command or response control field that is
- .ce
- undefined or not implemented;
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2)
- .ce
- the receipt of an I frame with an information field which
- .ce
- exceeds the maximum established length;
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 3)
- .ce
- the receipt of an invalid N(R); or
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 4)
- .ce
- the receipt of a frame with an information field which is
- .ce
- not permitted or the receipt of a supervisory or unnumbered
- .ce
- frame with incorrect length.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- An undefined or not implemented control field is any of the
- .ce
- control field encodings that are not identified in Tables\ 5/X.25 or\ 6/X.25.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- A valid N(R) must be within the range from the lowest send sequence
- .ce
- number N(S) of the still unacknowledged frame(s) to the current DCE send
- state variable inclusive (or to the current internal variable \fIx\fR
- .ce
- if the DCE is in
- .ce
- the timer recovery condition as described in \(sc\ 2.4.5.9).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- An information field which immediately follows the control field, and consists
- of\ 3 or 5\ octets [modulo\ 8 (basic) operation or modulo\ 128 (extended)
- operation, respectively], is returned with this response and provides the
- .ce
- reason for the FRMR response. These formats are given in Tables\ 7/X.25
- .ce
- and\ 8/X.25.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.5
- .ce
- \fIException condition reporting and recovery\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The error recovery procedures which are available to effect
- .ce
- recovery following the detection/occurrence of an
- .ce
- exception condition
- .ce
- at the Data Link Layer are described below. Exception conditions described
- are those situations which may occur as the result of transmission errors,
- DCE or DTE malfunction, or operational situations.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.5.1
- .ce
- \fIBusy condition\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The busy condition results when the DCE or DTE is temporarily
- .ce
- unable to continue to receive I frames due to internal constraints,
- .ce
- e.g.\ receive buffering limitations. In this case an RNR frame is transmitted
- .ce
- from the busy DCE or DTE. I\ frames pending transmission may be transmitted
- from the busy DCE or DTE prior to or following the RNR\ frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- An indication that the busy condition has cleared is communicated by the
- transmission of a UA (only in response to a SABM/SABME command), RR, REJ
- or SABM/SABME (modulo\ 8/modulo\ 128) frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- .line
- .ce
- \fBTable 7/X.25 [T7.25], p.\fR
- .ce
- .line
- .ce
- \fBTable 8/X.25 [T8.25], p.\fR
- .ce
- 2.3.5.2
- .ce
- \fIN(S) sequence error condition\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The information field of all I frames received whose N(S) does not equal
- the receive state variable V(R) will be discarded.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- An N(S) sequence error exception condition occurs in the receiver when
- an I\ frame received contains an N(S) which is not equal to the receive
- state
- .ce
- variable V(R) at the receiver. The receiver does not acknowledge (increment
- its receive state variable) the I\ frame causing the sequence error, or
- any I\ frame which may follow, until an I\ frame with the correct N(S)
- is received.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- A DCE or DTE which receives one or more valid I frames having sequence
- errors or subsequent supervisory frames (RR, RNR and REJ) shall accept
- the
- .ce
- control information contained in the N(R) field and the P or F bit to perform
- data link control functions; e.g.\ to receive acknowledgement of previously
- .ce
- transmitted I\ frames and to cause the DCE or DTE to respond (P bit set to 1).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- The means specified in \(sc\(sc\ 2.3.5.2.1 and 2.3.5.2.2 shall be available
- for initiating the retransmission of lost or errored I\ frames following
- the
- .ce
- occurrence of an N(S) sequence error condition.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.5.2.1
- .ce
- \fIREJ recovery\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The REJ frame is used by a receiving DCE or DTE to initiate a
- .ce
- recovery (retransmission) following the detection of an N(S) sequence error.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- With respect to each direction of transmission on the data link, only one
- \*Qsent REJ\*U exception condition from a DCE or DTE, to a DTE or DCE,
- is
- .ce
- established at a time. A \*Qsent REJ\*U exception condition is cleared when the
- .ce
- requested I\ frame is received.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- A DCE or DTE receiving a REJ frame initiates sequential
- .ce
- (re\(hy)transmission of I\ frames starting with the I\ frame indicated
- by the N(R) contained in the REJ frame. The retransmitted frames may contain
- an N(R) and a P bit that are updated from, and therefore different from,
- the ones contained in the originally transmitted I\ frames.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.5.2.2
- .ce
- \fITime\(hyout recovery\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If a DCE or DTE, due to a transmission error, does not receive (or receives
- and discards) a single I\ frame or the last I\ frame(s) in a sequence of
- I\ frames, it will not detect an N(S) sequence error condition and, therefore,
- will not transmit a REJ frame. The DTE or DCE which transmitted the
- .ce
- unacknowledged I\ frame(s) shall, following the completion of a system
- specified time\(hyout period (see \(sc\(sc\ 2.4.5.1 and 2.4.5.9 below),
- take appropriate recovery action to determine at which I\ frame retransmission
- must begin. The
- .ce
- retransmitted frame(s) may contain an N(R) and a P bit that is updated from,
- .ce
- and therefore different from, the ones contained in the originally transmitted
- frame(s).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.5.3
- .ce
- \fIInvalid frame\fR
- .ce
- \fI condition\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Any frame which is invalid will be discarded, and no action is
- .ce
- taken as the result of that frame. An invalid frame is defined as one
- .ce
- which:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- a)
- .ce
- is not properly bounded by two flags;
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- b)
- .ce
- in basic (modulo 8) operation, contains fewer than 32 bits
- .ce
- between flags; in extended (modulo\ 128) operation, contains
- .ce
- fewer than 40\ bits between flags of frames that contain sequence
- .ce
- numbers or 32\ bits between flags of frames that do not contain
- .ce
- sequence numbers;
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- c)
- .ce
- contains a Frame Check Sequence (FCS) error; or
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- d)
- .ce
- contains an address other than A or B (for single link
- .ce
- operation) or other than C or D (for multilink operation).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- For those networks that are octet aligned, a detection of
- .ce
- non\(hyoctet alignment may be made at the Data Link Layer by adding a frame
- .ce
- validity check that requires the number of bits between the opening flag and
- .ce
- the closing flag, excluding bits inserted for transparency, to be an integral
- number of octets in length, or the frame is considered invalid.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.5.4
- .ce
- \fIFrame rejection\fR
- .ce
- \fI condition\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- A frame rejection condition is established upon the receipt of an error\(hyfree
- frame with one of the conditions listed in \(sc\ 2.3.4.9 above.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- At the DCE or DTE, this frame rejection exception condition is
- .ce
- reported by an FRMR response for appropriate DTE or DCE action, respectively.
- Once a DCE has established such an exception condition, no additional I\
- frames are accepted until the condition is reset by the DTE, except for
- examination of the P bit. The FRMR response may be repeated at each opportunity,
- as specified in \(sc\ 2.4.7.3, until recovery is effected by the DTE, or
- until the DCE initiates its own recovery in case the DTE does not respond.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.5.5
- .ce
- \fIExcessive idle channel state condition on incoming\fR
- .ce
-
- .ce
- \fIchannel\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Upon detection of an idle channel state condition (see \(sc\ 2.2.12.2 above)
- on the incoming channel, the DCE shall wait for a period\ T3 (see
- .ce
- \(sc\ 2.4.8.3 below) without taking any specific action, waiting for detection
- of a return to the active channel state (i.e.,\ detection of at least one
- flag
- .ce
- sequence). After the period\ T3, the DCE shall notify the higher layer
- (e.g.\ the Packet Layer or the MLP) of the excessive idle channel state
- condition, but
- .ce
- shall not take any action that would preclude the DTE from establishing the
- .ce
- data link by normal data link set\(hyup procedures.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- \fINote\fR
- .ce
- \ \(em\ Other actions to be taken by the DCE at the Data Link Layer upon
- expiration of period\ T3 is a subject for further study.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.4
- .ce
- \fIDescription of the \fR
- .ce
- \fILAPB procedure\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.1
- .ce
- \fILAPB basic and extended modes of operation\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- In accordance with the system choice made by the DTE at
- .ce
- subscription time, the DCE will either support modulo\ 8 (basic) operation or
- .ce
- will support modulo\ 128 (extended) operation. Changing from basic operation
- to extended operation, or vice versa, in the DCE requires resubscription
- by the
- .ce
- DTE for the desired service, and is not supported dynamically.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Table 5/X.25 indicates the command and response control field formats used
- with the basic (modulo\ 8) service. The mode\(hysetting command employed
- to
- .ce
- initialize (set up) or reset the basic mode is the SABM command. Table
- 6/X.25 indicates the command and response control field formats used with
- the extended (modulo\ 128) service. The mode\(hysetting command employed
- to initialize (set up) or reset the extended mode is the SABME command.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.2
- .ce
- \fILAPB procedure for addressing\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The address field identifies a frame as either a command or a
- .ce
- response. A command frame contains the address of the DCE or DTE to which
- the command is being sent. A response frame contains the address of the
- DCE or DTE sending the frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- In order to allow differentiation between single link operation and
- .ce
- the optional multilink operation for diagnostic and/or maintenance reasons,
- .ce
- different address pair encodings are assigned to data links operating with
- .ce
- multilink procedure compared to data links operating with the single link
- .ce
- procedure.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Frames containing commands transferred from the DCE to the DTE will
- .ce
- contain the address\ A for the single link operation and address\ C for the
- .ce
- multilink operation.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Frames containing responses transferred from the DCE to the DTE will contain
- the address\ B for the single link operation and address\ D for the
- .ce
- multilink operation.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- Frames containing commands transferred from the DTE to the DCE shall contain
- the address\ B for the single link operation and address\ D for the
- .ce
- multilink operation.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Frames containing responses transferred from the DTE to the DCE shall contain
- the address\ A for the single link operation and address\ C for the
- .ce
- multilink operation.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- These addresses are coded as follows:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Address
- .ce
- 1\ 2\ 3\ 4\ 5\ 6\ 7\ 8
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Single link operation
- .ce
- \ \ A
- .ce
- 1\ 1\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0
- .ce
- .line
- .ce
- \ \ B
- .ce
- 1\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Multilink operation
- .ce
- \ \ C
- .ce
- 1\ 1\ 1\ 1\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0
- .ce
- .line
- .ce
- \ \ D
- .ce
- 1\ 1\ 1\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- \fINote\fR
- .ce
- \ \(em\ The DCE will discard all frames received with an address other
- than\ A or\ B (single link operation), or\ C or\ D (multilink operation).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.3
- .ce
- \fILAPB procedure for the use of the P/F bit\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE or DTE receiving an SABM/SABME, DISC, supervisory command or I\
- frame with the P\ bit set to\ 1 will set the F\ bit to\ 1 in the next response
- frame it transmits.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The response frame returned by the DCE to an SABM/SABME or DISC
- .ce
- command with the P\ bit set to\ 1 will be a UA or DM response with the
- F\ bit set to\ 1. The response frame returned by the DCE to an I\ frame
- with the P\ bit set to\ 1, received during the information transfer phase,
- will be an RR, REJ, RNR or FRMR response with the F\ bit set to\ 1. The
- response frame returned by the
- .ce
- DCE to a supervisory command with the P\ bit set to\ 1, received during the
- .ce
- information transfer phase, will be an RR, REJ, RNR or FRMR response with
- the F\ bit set to\ 1. The response frame returned by the DCE to an I\ frame
- or
- .ce
- supervisory frame with the P\ bit set to\ 1, received during the disconnected
- .ce
- phase, will be a DM response with the F\ bit set to\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The P bit may be used by the DCE in conjunction with the timer
- .ce
- recovery condition (see \(sc\ 2.4.5.9 below).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- \fINote\fR
- .ce
- \ \(em\ Other use of the P bit by the DCE is a subject for further
- .ce
- study.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4
- .ce
- \fILAPB procedure for data link set\(hyup and disconnection\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.4.4.1
- .ce
- \fIData link set\(hyup\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE will indicate that it is able to set up the data link by
- .ce
- transmitting contiguous flags (active channel state).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Either the DTE or the DCE may initiate data link set\(hyup. Prior to
- .ce
- initiation of data link set\(hyup, either the DCE or the DTE may initiate data
- .ce
- link
- .ce
- disconnection (see \(sc\ 2.4.4.3) for the purpose of insuring that the
- DCE and the DTE are in the same phase. The DCE may also transmit an unsolicited
- DM response to request the DTE to initiate data link set\(hyup.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DTE shall initiate data link set\(hyup by transmitting an SABM/SABME
- command to the DCE. If, upon receipt of the SABM/SABME command correctly,
- the DCE determines that it can enter the information transfer phase, it
- will return a UA response to the DTE, will reset its send and receive state
- variables V(S) and V(R) to zero, and will consider that the data link is
- set up. If, upon
- .ce
- receipt
- .ce
- of the SABM/SABME command correctly, the DCE determines that it cannot enter
- .ce
- the information transfer phase, it will return a DM response to the DTE as a
- .ce
- denial to the data link set\(hyup initialization and will consider that the
- .ce
- data link is
- .ce
- \fInot\fR
- .ce
- set up. In order to avoid misinterpretation of the DM response received,
- it is suggested that the DTE always sends its SABM/SABME command with the
- P\ bit set to\ 1. Otherwise, it is not possible to differentiate a DM response
- intended as a denial to data link set\(hyup from a DM response that is
- issued in a separate unsolicited sense as a request for a mode\(hysetting
- command (as described
- .ce
- in\ \(sc\ 2.4.4.4.2).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE will initiate data link set\(hyup by transmitting an SABM/SABME
- command to the DTE and starting its Timer\ T1 in order to determine when
- too
- .ce
- much time has elapsed waiting for a reply (see \(sc\ 2.4.8.1 below). Upon
- reception of a UA response from the DTE, the DCE will reset its send and
- receive state
- .ce
- variables\ V(S) and\ V(R) to zero, will stop its Timer\ T1, and will consider
- that the data link is set up. Upon reception of a DM response from the
- DTE as a
- .ce
- denial
- .ce
- to the data link set\(hyup initialization, the DCE will stop its Timer\
- T1 and will consider that the data link is \fInot\fR
- .ce
- set up.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- The DCE, having sent the SABM/SABME command, will ignore and discard any
- frames except an SABM/SABME or DISC command, or a UA or DM response
- .ce
- received from the DTE. The receipt of an SABM/SABME or DISC command from the
- .ce
- DTE will result in a collision situation that is resolved per \(sc\ 2.4.4.5
- below. Frames other than the UA and DM responses sent in response to a
- received
- .ce
- SABM/SABME or DISC command will be sent only after the data link is set
- up and if no outstanding SABM/SABME command exists.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- After the DCE sends the SABM/SABME command, if a UA or DM response is not
- received correctly, Timer\ T1 will run out in the DCE. The DCE will then
- .ce
- resend the SABM/SABME command and will restart Timer\ T1. After transmission
- of the SABM/SABME command N2 times by the DCE, appropriate higher layer
- recovery action will be initiated. The value of N2 is defined in \(sc\
- 2.4.8.4 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4.2
- .ce
- \fIInformation transfer phase\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- After having transmitted the UA response to the SABM/SABME command or having
- received the UA response to a transmitted SABM/SABME command, the DCE will
- accept and transmit I and supervisory frames according to the procedures
- described in \(sc\ 2.4.5 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- When receiving the SABM/SABME command while in the information
- .ce
- transfer phase, the DCE will conform to the data link resetting procedure
- .ce
- described in \(sc\ 2.4.7 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4.3
- .ce
- \fIData link disconnection\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DTE shall initiate a disconnect of the data link by
- .ce
- transmitting a DISC command to the DCE. On correctly receiving a DISC command
- in the information transfer phase, the DCE will send a UA response and
- enter
- .ce
- the disconnected phase. On correctly receiving a DISC command in the
- .ce
- disconnected phase, the DCE will send a DM response and remain in the
- .ce
- disconnected phase. In order to avoid misinterpretation of the DM response
- .ce
- received, it is suggested that the DTE always sends its DISC command with
- the P\ bit set to\ 1. Otherwise, it is not possible to differentiate a
- DM response
- .ce
- intended as an indication that the DCE is already in the disconnected phase
- .ce
- from a DM response that is issued in a separate unsolicited sense as a
- request for a mode\(hysetting command (as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.4.2).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- The DCE will initiate a disconnect of the data link by transmitting a DISC
- command to the DTE and starting its Timer\ T1 (see \(sc\ 2.4.8.1 below).
- Upon reception of an UA response from the DTE, the DCE will stop its Timer\
- T1 and
- .ce
- will enter the disconnected phase. Upon reception of a DM response from
- the DTE as an indication that the DTE was already in the disconnected phase,
- the DCE
- .ce
- will stop its Timer\ T1 and will enter the disconnected phase.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE, having sent the DISC command, will ignore and discard any
- .ce
- frames except an SABM/SABME or DISC command, or a UA or DM response received
- .ce
- from the DTE. The receipt of an SABM/SABME or DISC command from the DTE will
- .ce
- result in a collision situation that is resolved per \(sc\ 2.4.4.5 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- After the DCE sends the DISC command, if a UA or DM response is not
- .ce
- received correctly, Timer\ T1 will run out in the DCE. The DCE will then
- resend the DISC command and will restart Timer\ T1. After transmission
- of the DISC
- .ce
- command N2 times by the DCE, appropriate higher layer recovery action will
- be initiated. The value of N2 is defined in \(sc\ 2.4.8.4 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4.4
- .ce
- \fIDisconnected phase\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4.4.1
- .ce
- After having received a DISC command from the DTE and
- .ce
- returned a UA response to the DTE, or having received the UA response to a
- .ce
- transmitted DISC command, the DCE will enter the disconnected phase.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- In the disconnected phase, the DCE may initiate data link set\(hyup. In
- the disconnected phase, the DCE will react to the receipt of an SABM/SABME
- command as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1 above and will transmit a DM response
- in
- .ce
- answer to a received DISC command. When receiving any other command (defined,
- or undefined or not implemented) with the P\ bit set to\ 1, the DCE will
- transmit a DM response with the F\ bit set to\ 1. Other frames received
- in the
- .ce
- disconnected phase will be ignored by the DCE.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4.4.2
- .ce
- When the DCE enters the disconnected phase after
- .ce
- detecting error conditions as listed in \(sc\ 2.4.6 below, or after an internal
- .ce
- malfunction, it may indicate this by sending a DM response rather than
- a DISC command. In these cases, the DCE will transmit a DM response and
- start its
- .ce
- Timer\ T1 (see \(sc\ 2.4.8.1 below).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If Timer T1 runs out before the reception of an SABM/SABME or DISC command
- from the DTE, the DCE will retransmit the DM response and restart
- .ce
- Timer\ T1. After transmission of the DM response N2 times, the DCE will
- remain in the disconnected phase and appropriate recovery actions will
- be initiated. The value of N2 is defined in \(sc\ 2.4.8.4 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Alternatively, after an internal malfunction, the DCE may either
- .ce
- initiate a data link resetting procedure (see \(sc\ 2.4.7 below) or disconnect
- the data link (see \(sc\ 2.4.4.3 above) prior to initiating a data link
- set\(hyup
- .ce
- procedure (see \(sc\ 2.4.4.1 above).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4.5
- .ce
- \fICollision of unnumbered commands\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Collision situations shall be resolved in the following way:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4.5.1
- .ce
- If the sent and received unnumbered commands are the
- .ce
- same, the DCE and the DTE shall each send the UA response at the earliest
- .ce
- possible opportunity. The DCE shall enter the indicated phase either,
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 1)
- .ce
- after receiving the UA response,
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2)
- .ce
- after sending the UA response, or
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 3)
- .ce
- after timing out waiting for the UA response having sent a
- .ce
- UA response.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- In the case of 2) above, the DCE will accept a subsequent UA
- .ce
- response to the mode\(hysetting command it issued without causing an exception
- .ce
- condition if received within the time\(hyout interval.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.4.4.5.2
- .ce
- If the sent and received unnumbered commands are
- .ce
- different, the DCE and the DTE shall each enter the disconnected phase and
- .ce
- issue a DM response at the earliest possible opportunity.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4.6
- .ce
- \fICollision of DM response with SABM/SABME or DISC\fR
- .ce
-
- .ce
- \fIcommand\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- When a DM response is issued by the DCE or DTE as an unsolicited
- .ce
- response to request the DTE or DCE, respectively, to issue a mode\(hysetting
- .ce
- command as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.4, a collision between an SABM/SABME
- or DISC
- .ce
- command and the unsolicited DM response may occur. In order to avoid
- .ce
- misinterpretation of the DM response received, the DTE always sends its
- .ce
- SABM/SABME or DISC command with the P\ bit set to\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4.7
- .ce
- \fICollision of DM responses\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- A contention situation may occur when both the DCE and the DTE
- .ce
- issue a DM response to request a mode\(hysetting command. In this case, the DTE
- .ce
- will issue an SABM/SABME command to resolve the contention situation.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.4.5
- .ce
- \fILAPB procedures for information transfer\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The procedures which apply to the transmission of I\ frames in each direction
- during the information transfer phase are described below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- In the following, \*Qnumber one higher\*U is in reference to a
- .ce
- continuously repeated sequence series, i.e., 7 is 1\ higher than 6 and 0 is
- .ce
- 1\ higher than 7 for modulo\ 8 series, and 127 is 1\ higher than 126 and 0 is
- .ce
- 1\ higher than 127 for modulo\ 128 series.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.5.1
- .ce
- \fISending I frames\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- When the DCE has an I frame to transmit (i.e. an I frame not
- .ce
- already transmitted, or having to be retransmitted as described in \(sc\
- 2.4.5.6
- .ce
- below), it will transmit it with an N(S) equal to its current send state
- .ce
- variable V(S), and an N(R) equal to its current receive state variable
- V(R). At the end of the transmission of the I\ frame, the DCE will increment
- its send
- .ce
- state variable V(S) by\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If Timer T1 is not running at the time of transmission of an I frame, it
- will be started.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If the send state variable V(S) is equal to the last value of N(R)
- .ce
- received plus \fIk\fR
- .ce
- (where \fIk\fR
- .ce
- is the maximum number of outstanding I\ frames \(em
- .ce
- see \(sc\ 2.4.8.6 below), the DCE will not transmit any new I\ frames, but may
- .ce
- retransmit an I\ frame as described in \(sc\(sc\ 2.4.5.6 or 2.4.5.9 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- When the DCE is in the busy condition, it may still transmit I frames,
- provided that the DTE is not busy. When the DCE is in the frame rejection
- .ce
- condition, it will stop transmitting I\ frames.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.5.2
- .ce
- \fIReceiving an I frame\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.5.2.1
- .ce
- When the DCE is not in a busy condition and receives a valid I\ frame whose
- send sequence number N(S) is equal to the DCE receive state
- .ce
- variable V(R), the DCE will accept the information field of this frame,
- .ce
- increment by one its receive state variable V(R), and act as follows:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- a)
- .ce
- If the DCE is still not in a busy condition:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- i)
- .ce
- If an I frame is available for transmission by the
- .ce
- DCE, it may act as in \(sc\ 2.4.5.1 above and acknowledge
- .ce
- the received I frame by setting N(R) in the control field
- .ce
- of the next transmitted I\ frame to the value of the DCE
- .ce
- receive state variable V(R). Alternatively, the DCE may
- .ce
- acknowledge the received I\ frame by transmitting an RR
- .ce
- frame with the N(R) equal to the value of the DCE receive
- .ce
- state variable V(R).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- ii)
- .ce
- If no I frame is available for transmission by the
- .ce
- DCE, it will transmit an RR frame with N(R) equal to the
- .ce
- value of the DCE receive state variable V(R).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- b)
- .ce
- If the DCE is now in a busy condition, it will transmit an
- .ce
- RNR frame with N(R) equal to the value of the DCE receive
- .ce
- state variable V(R) (see \(sc\ 2.4.5.8).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.4.5.2.2
- .ce
- When the DCE is in a busy condition, it may ignore the
- .ce
- information field contained in any received I\ frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.5.3
- .ce
- \fIReception of invalid frames\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- When the DCE receives an invalid frame (see \(sc\ 2.3.5.3), this frame
- will be discarded.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.5.4
- .ce
- \fIReception of out\(hyof\(hysequence I frames\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- When the DCE receives a valid I frame whose send sequence number
- .ce
- N(S) is incorrect, i.e.,\ not equal to the current DCE receive state variable
- .ce
- V(R), it will discard the information field of the I\ frame and transmit
- an REJ frame with the N(R) set to one higher than the N(S) of the last
- correctly
- .ce
- received I\ frame. The REJ frame will be a command frame with the P\ bit
- set to\ 1 if an acknowledged transfer of the retransmission request is
- required;
- .ce
- otherwise the REJ frame may be either a command or a response frame. The DCE
- .ce
- will then discard the information field of all I\ frames received until the
- .ce
- expected I\ frame is correctly received. When receiving the expected I\ frame,
- .ce
- the DCE will then acknowledge the I\ frame as described in \(sc\ 2.4.5.2
- above. The DCE will use the N(R) and P\ bit information in the discarded
- I\ frames as
- .ce
- described in \(sc\ 2.3.5.2 above.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.5.5
- .ce
- \fIReceiving acknowledgement\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- When correctly receiving an I frame or a supervisory frame (RR, RNR or
- REJ), even in the busy condition, the DCE will consider the N(R) contained
- in this frame as an acknowledgement for all I\ frames it has transmitted
- with an N(S) up to and including the received N(R)\(em1. The DCE will stop
- Timer\ T1 when it correctly receives an I\ frame or a supervisory frame
- with the N(R) higher
- .ce
- than the last received N(R) (actually acknowledging some I\ frames), or
- an REJ frame with an N(R) equal to the last received N(R).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- If Timer T1 has been stopped by the receipt on an I, RR or RNR frame, and
- if there are outstanding I\ frames still unacknowledged, the DCE will
- .ce
- restart Timer\ T1. If Timer\ T1 then runs out, the DCE will follow the
- recovery procedure (\(sc\ 2.4.5.9 below) with respect to the unacknowledged
- I\ frames. If
- .ce
- Timer\ T1 has been stopped by the receipt of an REJ frame, the DCE will
- follow the retransmission procedures in \(sc\ 2.4.5.6 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.5.6
- .ce
- \fIReceiving an REJ frame\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- When receiving an REJ frame, the DCE will set its send state
- .ce
- variable V(S) to the N(R) received in the REJ control field. It will transmit
- the corresponding I\ frame as soon as it is available or retransmit it
- in
- .ce
- accordance with the procedures described in \(sc\ 2.4.5.1 above. (Re)transmission
- will conform to the following procedure:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- i)
- .ce
- if the DCE is transmitting a supervisory command or response
- .ce
- when it receives the REJ frame, it will complete that
- .ce
- transmission before commencing transmission of the requested
- .ce
- I\ frame;
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- ii)
- .ce
- if the DCE is transmitting an unnumbered command or
- .ce
- response when it receives the REJ frame, it will ignore the
- .ce
- request for retransmission;
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- iii)
- .ce
- if the DCE is transmitting an I frame when the REJ frame
- .ce
- is received, it may abort the I\ frame and commence transmission
- .ce
- of the requested I\ frame immediately after abortion;
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- iv)
- .ce
- if the DCE is not transmitting any frame when the REJ frame
- .ce
- is received, it will commence transmission of the requested
- .ce
- I\ frame immediately.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- In all cases, if other unacknowledged I frames had already been
- .ce
- transmitted following the one indicated in the REJ frame, then those I
- frames will be retransmitted by the DCE following the retransmission of
- the requested I\ frame. Other I\ frames not yet transmitted may be transmitted
- following the
- .ce
- retransmitted I\ frames.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If the REJ frame was received from the DTE as a command with the P bit
- set to\ 1, the DCE will transmit an RR, RNR or REJ response with the F
- bit set to\ 1 before transmitting or retransmitting the corresponding I\
- frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.5.7
- .ce
- \fIReceiving an RNR frame\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- After receiving an RNR frame whose N(R) acknowledges all frames
- .ce
- previously transmitted, the DCE will stop Timer\ T1 and may then transmit
- .ce
- an I\ frame, with the P\ bit set to\ 0, whose send sequence number is
- .ce
- equal to the N(R) indicated in the RNR frame, restarting Timer\ T1 as it
- does. After receiving an RNR frame whose N(R) indicates a previously transmitted
- .ce
- frame, the DCE will not transmit or retransmit any I\ frame, Timer\ T1 being
- .ce
- already running. In either case, if the Timer\ T1 runs out before receipt
- of a busy clearance indication, the DCE will follow the procedure described
- in
- .ce
- \(sc\ 2.4.5.9\ below. In any case, the DCE will not transmit any other
- I\ frames
- .ce
- before receiving an RR or REJ frame, or before the completion of a link
- .ce
- resetting procedure.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Alternatively, after receiving an RNR frame, the DCE may wait for a
- .ce
- period of time (e.g.,\ the length of the Timer\ T1) and then transmit a
- .ce
- supervisory command frame (RR, RNR or REJ) with the P\ bit set to\ 1, and
- start Timer\ T1, in order to determine if there is any change in the receive
- status of the DTE. The DTE shall respond to the P\ bit set to\ 1 with a
- supervisory
- .ce
- response frame (RR, RNR or REJ) with the F\ bit set to\ 1 indicating either
- .ce
- continuance of the busy condition (RNR) or clearance of the busy condition
- (RR or REJ). Upon receipt of the DTE response, Timer\ T1 is stopped.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 1)
- .ce
- If the response is the RR or REJ response, the busy
- .ce
- condition is cleared and the DCE may transmit I\ frames beginning
- .ce
- with the I\ frame identified by the N(R) in the received response
- .ce
- frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2)
- .ce
- If the response is the RNR response, the busy condition
- .ce
- still exists, and the DCE will after a period of time (e.g.\ the
- .ce
- length of Timer\ T1) repeat the enquiry of the DTE receive
- .ce
- status.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If Timer T1 runs out before a status response is received, the
- .ce
- enquiry process above is repeated. If N2 attempts to get a status response
- fail (i.e.\ Timer\ T1 runs out N2\ times), the DCE will initiate a data
- link resetting procedure as described in \(sc\ 2.4.7.2\ below or will transmit
- a DM response to ask the DTE to initiate a data link set\(hyup procedure
- as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1 and enter the disconnected phase. The value
- of N2 is defined in \(sc\ 2.4.8.4\ below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- If, at any time during the enquiry process, an unsolicited RR or REJ frame
- is received from the DTE, it will be considered to be an indication of
- .ce
- clearance of the busy condition. Should the unsolicited RR or REJ frame be a
- .ce
- command frame with the P bit set to\ 1, the appropriate response frame
- with the F\ bit set to 1 must be transmitted before the DCE may resume
- transmission of
- .ce
- I\ frames. If Timer\ T1 is running, the DCE will wait for the non\(hybusy
- response with the F bit set to\ 1 or will wait for Timer\ T1 to run out
- and then either
- .ce
- may reinitiate the enquiry process in order to realize a successful P/F bit
- .ce
- exchange or may resume transmission of I frames beginning with the I\ frame
- .ce
- identified by the N(R) in the received RR or REJ frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.5.8
- .ce
- \fIDCE busy condition\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- When the DCE enters a busy condition, it will transmit an RNR frame at
- the earliest opportunity. The RNR frame will be a command frame with the
- P bit set to\ 1 if an acknowledged transfer of the busy condition indication
- is
- .ce
- required; otherwise the RNR frame may be either a command or a response
- frame. While in the busy condition, the DCE will accept and process supervisory
- .ce
- frames, will accept and process the contents of the N(R) fields of I\ frames,
- .ce
- and will return an RNR response with the F bit set to\ 1 if it receives a
- .ce
- supervisory command or I command frame with the P bit set to\ 1. To clear the
- .ce
- busy condition, the DCE will transmit either an REJ frame or an RR frame, with
- .ce
- N(R) set to the current receive state variable V(R), depending on whether or
- .ce
- not it discarded information fields of correctly received I\ frames. The REJ
- .ce
- frame or the RR frame will be a command frame with the P bit set to\ 1 if an
- .ce
- acknowledged transfer of the busy\(hyto\(hynon\(hybusy transition is required,
- otherwise the REJ frame or the RR frame may be either a command or a response
- frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.4.5.9
- .ce
- \fIWaiting acknowledgement\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE maintains an internal transmission attempt variable which is set
- to\ 0 when the DCE sends a UA response, when the DCE receives a UA
- .ce
- response or an RNR command or response, or when the DCE correctly receives
- an I\ frame or supervisory frame with the N(R) higher than the last received
- N(R) (actually acknowledging some outstanding I\ frames).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If Timer T1 runs out waiting for the acknowledgement from the DTE for an
- I\ frame transmitted, the DCE will enter the timer recovery condition,
- add
- .ce
- one to its transmission attempt variable and set an internal variable \fIx\fR
- .ce
- to
- .ce
- the current value of its send state variable V(S). The DCE will then restart
- .ce
- Timer T1, set its send state variable V(S) to the last value of N(R) received
- from the DTE and retransmit the corresponding I\ frame with the P bit set
- to\ 1, or transmit an appropriate supervisory command frame (RR, RNR or
- REJ) with the P\ bit set to\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- The timer recovery condition is cleared when the DCE receives a valid supervisory
- frame with the F\ bit\ set to\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If, while in the timer recovery condition, the DCE correctly receives a
- supervisory frame with the F bit set to\ 1 and with the N(R) within the
- range from its current send state variable V(S) to \fIx\fR
- .ce
- included, it will clear the
- .ce
- timer recovery condition (including stopping Timer\ T1) and set its send
- state variable V(S) to the value of the received N(R), and may then resume
- with
- .ce
- I\ frame transmission or retransmission, as appropriate.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If, while in the timer recovery condition, the DCE correctly receives an
- I or supervisory frame with the P/F bit set to\ 0 and with a valid N(R)
- (see \(sc\ 2.3.4.9), it will not clear the timer recovery condition. The
- value of the
- .ce
- received N(R) may be used to update the send state variable V(S). However,
- the DCE may decide to keep the last transmitted I\ frame in store (even
- if it is
- .ce
- acknowledged) in order to be able to retransmit it with the P bit set to\
- 1 when Timer\ T1 runs out at a later time.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- If the received supervisory frame with the P/F bit set to\ 0 is an REJ
- frame with a valid N(R), the DCE may either immediately initiate
- .ce
- (re)transmission from the value of the send state variable V(S), or it may
- .ce
- ignore the request for retransmission and wait until the supervisory frame
- with the F bit set to\ 1 is received before initiating (re)transmission
- of frames
- .ce
- from the value identified in the N(R) field of the supervisory frame with
- the F\ bit set to\ 1. In the case of immediate retransmission, in order
- to prevent
- .ce
- duplicate retransmissions following the clearance of the timer recovery
- .ce
- condition, the DCE shall inhibit retransmission of a specific I\ frame [same
- .ce
- N(R) in the same numbering cycle] if the DCE has retransmitted that I\
- frame as the result of a received REJ frame with the P/F bit set to\ 0.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If, while in the timer recovery condition, the DCE receives a REJ
- .ce
- command with the P bit set to\ 1, the DCE will respond immediately with an
- .ce
- appropriate supervisory response with the F bit set to\ 1. The DCE may
- then use the value of the N(R) in the REJ command to update the send state
- variable
- .ce
- V(S), and may either immediately begin (re)transmission from the value N(R)
- .ce
- indicated in the REJ frame or ignore the request for retransmission and wait
- .ce
- until the supervisory frame with the F bit set to\ 1 is received before
- .ce
- initiating (re)transmission of I\ frames from the value identified in the
- N(R) field of the supervisory frame with the F\ bit set to\ 1. In the case
- of
- .ce
- immediate retransmission, in order to prevent duplicate retransmissions
- .ce
- following the clearance of the timer recovery condition, the DCE shall
- inhibit retransmission of a specific I\ frame [same N(R) in the same numbering
- cycle]
- .ce
- if the DCE has retransmitted that I\ frame as the result of the received REJ
- .ce
- command with the P\ bit set to\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If Timer T1 runs out in the timer recovery condition, and no I or
- .ce
- supervisory frame with the P/F bit set to 0 and with a valid N(R) has been
- .ce
- received, or no REJ command with the P bit set to\ 1 and with a valid N(R)
- has been received, the DCE will add one to its transmission attempt variable,
- .ce
- restart Timer\ T1, and either retransmit the I frame sent with the P bit set
- .ce
- to\ 1 or transmit an appropriate supervisory command with the P bit set to\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- If the transmission attempt variable is equal to N2, the DCE will
- .ce
- initiate a data link resetting procedure as described in \(sc\ 2.4.7.2
- below, or
- .ce
- will transmit a DM response to ask the DTE to initiate a data link set\(hyup
- .ce
- procedure as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1 above and enter the disconnected
- phase. N2 is a system parameter (see \(sc\ 2.4.8.4 below).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- \fINote\fR
- .ce
- \ \(em\ Although the DCE may implement the internal variable \fIx\fR
- .ce
- ,
- .ce
- other mechanisms do exist that achieve the identical function.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.6
- .ce
- \fILAPB conditions for \fR
- .ce
- \fIdata link resetting or data link\fR
- .ce
-
- .ce
- \fIre\(hyinitialization\fR
- .ce
- \fI(data link set\(hyup)\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.6.1
- .ce
- When the DCE receives, during the information transfer phase, a
- .ce
- frame which is not invalid (see \(sc\ 2.3.5.3) with one of the conditions
- listed in \(sc\ 2.3.4.9 above, the DCE will request the DTE to initiate
- a data link resetting procedure by transmitting an FRMR response to the
- DTE as described in
- .ce
- \(sc\ 2.4.7.3.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.6.2
- .ce
- When the DCE receives, during the information transfer phase, an FRMR response
- from the DTE, the DCE will either initiate the data link
- .ce
- resetting procedures itself as described in \(sc\ 2.4.7.2 or return a DM
- response to ask the DTE to initiate the data link set\(hyup (initialization)
- procedure as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1. After transmitting a DM response,
- the DCE will enter
- .ce
- the disconnected phase as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.4.2.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.6.3
- .ce
- When the DCE receives, during the information transfer phase, a UA response,
- or an unsolicited response with the F bit set to\ 1, the DCE may
- .ce
- either initiate the data link resetting procedures itself as described in
- .ce
- \(sc\ 2.4.7.2, or return a DM response to ask the DTE to initiate the data link
- .ce
- set\(hyup (initialization) procedure as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1. After
- transmitting a DM response, the DCE will enter the disconnected phase as
- described in
- .ce
- \(sc\ 2.4.4.4.2.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.6.4
- .ce
- When the DCE receives, during the information transfer phase, a DM response
- from the DTE, the DCE will either initiate the data link set\(hyup
- .ce
- (initialization) procedures itself as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1, or return
- a DM
- .ce
- response to ask the DTE to initiate the data link set\(hyup (initialization)
- .ce
- procedures as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1. After transmitting a DM response,
- the DCE will enter the disconnected phase as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.4.2.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.4.7
- .ce
- \fILAPB procedure for data link resetting\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.7.1
- .ce
- The data link resetting procedure is used to initialize both
- .ce
- directions of information transfer according to the procedure described
- below. The data link resetting procedure only applies during the information
- transfer phase.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.7.2
- .ce
- Either the DTE or the DCE may initiate the data link resetting
- .ce
- procedure. The data link resetting procedure indicates a clearance of a DCE
- .ce
- and/or DTE busy condition, if present.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DTE shall initiate a data link resetting by transmitting an
- .ce
- SABM/SABME command to the DCE. If, upon correct receipt of the SABM/SABME
- .ce
- command, the DCE determines that it can continue in the information transfer
- .ce
- phase, it will return a UA response to the DTE, will reset its send and
- receive state variables V(S) and V(R) to zero, and will remain in the information
- .ce
- transfer phase. If, upon correct receipt of the SABM/SABME command, the DCE
- .ce
- determines that it cannot remain in the information transfer phase, it will
- .ce
- return a DM response as a denial to the resetting request and will enter the
- .ce
- disconnected phase.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE will initiate a data link resetting by transmitting an
- .ce
- SABM/SABME command to the DTE and starting its Timer\ T1 (see \(sc\ 2.4.8.1
- below). Upon reception of a UA response from the DTE, the DCE will reset
- its send and receive state variables V(S) and V(R) to zero, will stop its
- Timer\ T1, and will remain in the information transfer phase. Upon reception
- of a DM response from the DTE as a denial to the data link resetting request,
- the DCE will stop its Timer\ T1 and will enter the disconnected phase.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE, having sent an SABM/SABME command, will ignore and discard
- .ce
- any frames received from the DTE except an SABM/SABME or DISC command,
- or a UA or DM response. The receipt of an SABM/SABME or DISC command from
- the DTE will result in a collision situation that is resolved per \(sc\
- 2.4.4.5 above. Frames
- .ce
- other than the UA or DM response sent in response to a received SABM/SABME
- or DISC command will be sent only after the data link is reset and if no
- .ce
- outstanding SABM/SABME command exists.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- After the DCE sends the SABM/SABME command, if a UA or DM response is not
- received correctly, Timer\ T1 will run out in the DCE. The DCE will then
- .ce
- resend the SABM/SABME command and will restart Timer\ T1. After N2 attempts
- to reset the data link, the DCE will initiate appropriate higher layer
- recovery
- .ce
- action and will enter the disconnected phase. The value of N2 is defined in
- .ce
- \(sc\ 2.4.8.4 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.7.3
- .ce
- The DCE may ask the DTE to reset the data link by transmitting an FRMR
- response (see \(sc\ 2.4.6.1 above). After transmitting an FRMR response,
- .ce
- the DCE will enter the frame rejection condition.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The frame rejection condition is cleared when the DCE receives an SABM/SABME
- command, a DISC command, a FRMR response, or a DM response; or if
- .ce
- the DCE transmits an SABM/SABME command, a DISC command, or a DM response.
- .ce
- Other commands received while in the frame rejection condition will cause
- the DCE to retransmit the FRMR response with the same information field
- as
- .ce
- originally transmitted.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE may start Timer\ T1 on transmission of the FRMR response. If
- .ce
- Timer\ T1 runs out before the frame rejection condition is cleared, the
- DCE may retransmit the FRMR response, and restart T1. After N2 attempts
- (time outs) to get the DTE to reset the data link, the DCE may reset the
- data link itself as described in \(sc\ 2.4.7.2 above. The value of N2 is
- defined in \(sc\ 2.4.8.4 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- In the frame rejection condition, I frames and supervisory frames will
- not be transmitted by the DCE. Also, received I frames and supervisory
- frames will be discarded by the DCE except for the observance of a P bit
- set to\ 1.
- .ce
- When an additional FRMR response must be transmitted by the DCE as a result
- of the receipt of a P\ bit set to 1 while Timer\ T1 is running, Timer\
- T1 will
- .ce
- continue to run. Upon reception of an FRMR response (even during a frame
- .ce
- rejection condition), the DCE will initiate a resetting procedure by
- .ce
- transmitting an SABM/SABME command as described in \(sc\ 2.4.7.2 above, or will
- .ce
- transmit a DM response to ask the DTE to initiate the data link set\(hyup
- .ce
- procedure as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1 and enter the disconnected phase.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.8
- .ce
- \fIList of \fR
- .ce
- \fILAPB system parameters\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE and DTE system parameters are as follows:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.4.8.1
- .ce
- \fITimer\fR
- .ce
- \fIT1\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The value of the DTE Timer T1 system parameter may be different
- .ce
- than the value of the DCE Timer T1 system parameter. These values shall
- be made known to both the DTE and the DCE, and agreed to for a period of
- time by both the DTE and the DCE.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The period of Timer T1, at the end of which retransmission of a frame may
- be initiated (see \(sc\ 2.4.4 and \(sc\ 2.4.5 above for the DCE), shall
- take into account whether T1 is started at the beginning or the end of
- the transmission of a frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The proper operation of the procedure requires that the transmitter's (DCE
- or DTE) Timer\ T1 be greater than the maximum time between transmission
- of a frame (SABM/SABME, DISC, I\ or supervisory command, or DM or FRMR
- response)
- .ce
- and the reception of the corresponding frame returned as an answer to that
- .ce
- frame (UA, DM or acknowledging frame). Therefore, the receiver (DCE or DTE)
- .ce
- should not delay the response or acknowledging frame returned to one of the
- .ce
- above frames by more than a value\ T2, where T2 is a system parameter (see
- .ce
- \(sc\ 2.4.8.2).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- The DCE will not delay the response or acknowledging frame returned to
- one of the above DTE frames by more than a period\ T2.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.8.2
- .ce
- \fIParameter T2\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The value of the DTE parameter T2 may be different than the value of the
- DCE parameter T2. These values shall be made known to both the DTE and
- the DCE, and agreed to for a period of time by both the DTE and the DCE.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- The period of parameter T2 shall indicate the amount of time
- .ce
- available at the DCE or DTE before the acknowledging frame must be initiated
- in order to ensure its receipt by the DTE or DCE, respectively, prior to
- Timer\ T1 running out at the DTE or DCE (parameter\ T2\ <\ Timer\ T1).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- \fINote\fR
- .ce
- \ \(em\ The period of parameter T2 shall take into account the
- .ce
- following timing factors: the transmission time of the acknowledging frame,
- the propagation time over the access data link, the stated processing times
- at the DCE and the DTE, and the time to complete the transmission of the
- frame(s) in the DCE or DTE transmit queue that are neither displaceable
- or modifiable in an orderly manner.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- Given a value for Timer T1 for the DTE or DCE, the value of parameter T2
- at the DCE or DTE, respectively, must be no larger than T1 minus\ 2 times
- the propagation time over the access data link, minus the frame processing
- time at the DCE, minus the frame processing time at the DTE, and minus
- the transmission time of the acknowledging frame by the DCE or DTE, respectively.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.4.8.3
- .ce
- \fITimer T3\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE shall support a Timer T3 system parameter, the value of
- .ce
- which shall be made known to the DTE.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The period of Timer T3, at the end of which an indication of an
- .ce
- observed excessively long idle channel state condition is passed to the
- Packet Layer, shall be sufficiently greater than the period of the DCE
- Timer T1
- .ce
- (i.e.\ T3\ >\ T1) so that the expiration of T3 provides the desired level of
- .ce
- assurance that the data link channel is in a non\(hyactive, non\(hyoperational
- state, and is in need of data link set\(hyup before normal data link operation
- can
- .ce
- resume.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.8.4
- .ce
- \fIMaximum number of attempts\fR
- .ce
- \fIto complete a\fR
- .ce
-
- .ce
- \fItransmission N2\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- The value of the DTE N2 system parameter may be different than the value
- of the DCE N2 system parameter. These values shall be made known to both
- the DTE and the DCE, and agreed to for a period of time by both the DTE
- and the DCE.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The value of N2 shall indicate the maximum number of attempts made by the
- DCE or DTE to complete the successful transmission of a frame to the DTE
- or DCE, respectively.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.8.5
- .ce
- \fIMaximum number of bits in an I frame N1\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The value of the DTE N1 system parameter may be different than the value
- of the DCE N1 system parameter. These values shall be made known to both
- the DTE and the DCE.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The values of N1 shall indicate the maximum number of bits in an
- .ce
- I\ frame (excluding flags and 0\ bits inserted for transparency) that the
- DCE or DTE is willing to accept from the DTE or DCE, respectively.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- In order to allow for universal operation, a DTE should support a
- .ce
- value of DTE N1 which is not less than 1080\ bits (135\ octets). DTEs should
- be aware that the network may transmit longer packets (see \(sc\ 5.2),
- that may result in a data link layer problem.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- All networks shall offer to a DTE which requires it, a value of DCE N1
- which is greater than or equal to 2072\ bits (259\ octets) plus the length
- of the address, control and FCS fields at the DTE/DCE interface, and greater
- than or equal to the maximum length of the data packets which may cross
- the DTE/DCE
- .ce
- interface plus the length of the address, control and FCS fields at the
- DTE/DCE interface.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Appendix II provides a description of how the values stated above are derived.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.8.6
- .ce
- \fIMaximum number of \fR
- .ce
- \fIoutstanding I frames k\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The value of the DTE k system parameter shall be the same as the
- .ce
- value of the DCE k system parameter. This value shall be agreed to for a
- .ce
- period of time by both the DTE and the DCE.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The value of k shall indicate the maximum number of sequentially
- .ce
- numbered I\ frames that the DTE or DCE may have outstanding
- .ce
- (i.e.\ unacknowledged) at any given time. The value of k shall never exceed
- .ce
- seven for modulo\ 8 operation, or one hundred and twenty\(hyseven for modulo\
- 128
- .ce
- operation. All networks (DCEs) shall support a value of seven. Other values
- of k (less than and greater than seven) may also be supported by networks
- .ce
- (DCEs).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- .line
- .ce
- \fBMONTAGE : \(sc 2.5 de cette Recommandation sur le reste de cette page\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- .line
- .ad r
- \fBTable 3/X.25 [T3.25], p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .ce
- .line
- .ce
- \fBTable 4/X.25 [T4/X.25], p.\fR
- .ce
- 2.3.2.1.1
- .ce
- \fIInformation transfer format\fR
- .ce
- \fI \(em I\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The I format is used to perform an information transfer. The
- .ce
- functions of N(S), N(R) and P are independent; i.e.,\ each I\ frame has
- an N(S), an N(R) which may or may not acknowledge additional I\ frames
- received by the
- .ce
- DCE or DTE, and a P\ bit that may be set to\ 0 or\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.2.1.2
- .ce
- \fISupervisory format\fR
- .ce
- \fI \(em S\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The S format is used to perform data link supervisory control
- .ce
- functions such as acknowledge I\ frames, request retransmission of I\ frames,
- and to request a temporary suspension of transmission of I\ frames. The
- functions of N(R) and P/F are independent; i.e.,\ each supervisory frame
- has an N(R) which
- .ce
- may or may not acknowledge additional I\ frames received by the DCE or\
- DTE, and a P/F\ bit that may be set to\ 0 or\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.2.1.3
- .ce
- \fIUnnumbered format\fR
- .ce
- \fI \(em U\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The U format is used to provide additional data link control
- .ce
- functions. This format contains no sequence numbers, but does include a
- P/F\ bit that may be set to\ 0 or\ 1. The unnumbered frames have the same
- control field
- .ce
- length (one octet) in both basic (modulo\ 8) operation and extended (modulo\
- 128) operation.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.2.2
- .ce
- \fIControl field parameters\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The various parameters associated with the control field formats
- .ce
- are described below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.2.2.1
- .ce
- \fIModulus\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Each I frame is sequentially numbered and may have the value\ 0
- .ce
- through modulus minus\ 1 (where \*Qmodulus\*U is the modulus of the sequence
- .ce
- numbers). The modulus equals either\ 8 or\ 128 and the sequence numbers cycle
- .ce
- through the entire range.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.2.2.2
- .ce
- \fISend state variable\fR
- .ce
- \fI V(S)\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The send state variable V(S) denotes the sequence number of the
- .ce
- next in\(hysequence I\ frame to be transmitted. V(S) can take on the values\ 0
- .ce
- through modulus minus\ 1. The value of V(S) is incremented by\ 1 with each
- .ce
- successive I\ frame transmission, but cannot exceed the N(R) of the last
- .ce
- received\ I or supervisory frame by more than the maximum number of outstanding
- I\ frames\ (\fIk\fR
- .ce
- ). The value of\ k is defined in \(sc\ 2.4.8.6 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.3.2.2.3
- .ce
- \fISend sequence number\fR
- .ce
- \fI N(S)\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Only I frames contain N(S), the send sequence number of transmitted I\
- frames. At the time that an in\(hysequence I\ frame is designated for
- .ce
- transmission, the value of N(S) is set equal to the value of the send state
- .ce
- variable\ V(S).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.2.2.4
- .ce
- \fIReceive state variable\fR
- .ce
- \fIV(R)\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The receive state variable V(R) denotes the sequence number of the next
- in\(hysequence I\ frame expected to be received. V(R) can take on the values
- 0 through modulus minus\ 1. The value of V(R) is incremented by\ 1 by the
- receipt of an error\(hyfree, in\(hysequence I\ frame whose send sequence
- number N(S) equals
- .ce
- the receive state variable V(R).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.2.2.5
- .ce
- \fIReceive sequence number\fR
- .ce
- \fI N(R)\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- All I frames and supervisory frames contain N(R), the expected send sequence
- number of the next received I\ frame. At the time that a frame of the above
- types is designated for transmission, the value of N(R) is set equal to
- the current value of the receive state variable V(R). N(R) indicates that
- the DCE or DTE transmitting the N(R) has received correctly all I\ frames
- numbered up to and including N(R)\ \(em\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.2.2.6
- .ce
- \fIPoll/Final bit\fR
- .ce
- \fI P/F\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- All frames contain P/F, the Poll/Final bit. In command frames, the P/F
- bit is referred to as the P bit. In response frames, it is referred to
- as the F\ bit.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.3
- .ce
- \fIFunctions of the Poll/Final bit\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The Poll bit set to 1 is used by the DCE or DTE to solicit (poll) a response
- from the DTE or DCE, respectively. The Final bit set to\ 1 is used by the
- DCE or DTE to indicate the response frame transmitted by the DTE or DCE,
- .ce
- respectively, as a result of the soliciting (poll) command.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The use of the P/F bit is described in \(sc\ 2.4.3 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.4
- .ce
- \fICommands and responses\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- For basic (modulo 8) operation, the commands and responses
- .ce
- represented in Table\ 5/X.25 will be supported by the DCE and the\ DTE.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- For extended (modulo 128) operation, the commands and responses
- .ce
- represented in Table\ 6/X.25 will be supported by the DCE and the DTE.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- For purposes of the LAPB procedures, the supervisory function bit encoding
- \*Q11\*U and those encodings of the modifier function bits in
- .ce
- Tables\ 3/X.25 and 4/X.25 not identified in Tables\ 5/X.25 or 6/X.25 are
- .ce
- identified as \*Qundefined or not implemented\*U command and response control
- .ce
- fields.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The commands and responses in Tables 5/X.25 and 6/X.25 are defined as follows:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.4.1
- .ce
- \fIInformation (I)\fR
- .ce
- \fI command\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The function of the information (I) command is to transfer across a data
- link a sequentially numbered frame containing an information field.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- .line
- .ce
- \fBTable 5/X.25 [T5.25], p.\fR
- .ce
- .line
- .ce
- \fBTable 6/X.25 [T6.25], p.\fR
- .ce
- 2.3.4.2
- .ce
- \fIReceive ready (RR)\fR
- .ce
- \fI command and response\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The receive ready (RR) supervisory frame is used by the DCE
- .ce
- or DTE to:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 1)
- .ce
- indicate it is ready to receive an I frame; and
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2)
- .ce
- acknowledge previously received I frames numbered up to and
- .ce
- including N(R)\ \(em\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- An RR frame may be used to indicate the clearance of a busy
- .ce
- condition that was reported by the earlier transmission of an RNR frame
- by that same station (DCE or\ DTE). In addition to indicating the DCE or
- DTE status, the RR command with the P\ bit set to\ 1 may be used by the
- DCE or DTE to ask for the status of the DTE or DCE, respectively.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.4.3
- .ce
- \fIReceive not ready (RNR) command and response\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The receive not ready (RNR) supervisory frame is used by the DCE or DTE
- to indicate a busy condition; i.e.\ temporary inability to accept
- .ce
- additional incoming I\ frames. I\ frames numbered up to and including N(R)\
- \(em\ 1
- .ce
- are acknowledged. I\ frame N(R) and any subsequent I\ frames received, if any,
- .ce
- are not acknowledged; the acceptance status of these I\ frames will be
- indicated in subsequent exchanges.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- In addition to indicating the DCE or DTE status, the RNR command with the
- P bit set to\ 1 may be used by an DCE or DTE to ask for the status of the
- .ce
- DTE or DCE, respectively.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.4.4
- .ce
- \fIReject (REJ) command and response\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The reject (REJ) supervisory frame is used by the DCE or DTE to request
- transmission of I\ frames starting with the frame numbered N(R).
- .ce
- I\ frames numbered N(R)\ \(em\ 1 and below are acknowledged. Additional
- I\ frames
- .ce
- pending initial transmission may be transmitted following the retransmitted
- .ce
- I\ frame(s).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- Only one REJ exception condition for a given direction of information transfer
- may be established at any time. The REJ exception condition is cleared
- (reset) upon the receipt of an I\ frame with an N(S) equal to the N(R)
- of the
- .ce
- REJ\ frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- An REJ frame may be used to indicate the clearance of a busy condition
- that was reported by the earlier transmission of an RNR frame by that same
- .ce
- station (DCE or\ DTE). In addition to indicating the DCE or DTE status, the
- .ce
- REJ\ command with the P bit set to\ 1 may be used by the DCE or\ DTE to ask for
- .ce
- the status of the DTE or\ DCE, respectively.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- \fR
- .ce
- 2.3.4.5
- .ce
- \fISet asynchronous balanced mode (SABM)\fR
- .ce
- \fIcommand/\fR
- .ce
- \fISet asynchronous balanced mode extended (SABME)\fR
- .ce
-
- .ce
- \fIcommand (subscription time option)\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- The SABM unnumbered command is used to place the addressed DCE or DTE in
- an asynchronous balanced mode (ABM) information transfer phase where all
- command/response control fields will be one\ octet in length.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The SABME unnumbered command is used to place the addressed DCE or DTE
- in an asynchronous balanced mode\ (ABM) information transfer phase where
- .ce
- numbered command/response control fields will be two octets in length, and
- .ce
- unnumbered command/response control fields will be one octet in length.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- No information field is permitted with the SABM or SABME command. The transmission
- of a SABM/SABME command indicates the clearance of a busy
- .ce
- condition that was reported by the earlier trans
- .ce
- mission\ of an RNR\ frame by that
- .ce
- same station (DCE or\ DTE). The DCE or DTE confirms acceptance of SABM/SABME
- .ce
- [modulo\ 8 (basic) operation/modulo\ 128 (extended) operation] command by the
- .ce
- transmission, at the first opportunity, of a UA\ response. Upon acceptance of
- .ce
- this command, the DCE or DTE send state variable\ V(S) and receive state
- .ce
- variable V(R) are set to\ 0.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Previously transmitted I\ frames that are unacknowledged when this
- .ce
- command is actioned remain unac
- .ce
- knowledged.\ It is the responsibility of a
- .ce
- higher layer (e.g.\ Packet Layer or MLP) to recover from the possible loss of
- .ce
- the contents (e.g.\ packets) of such I\ frames.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- \fINote\fR
- .ce
- \ \(em\ The mode of operation of a data link [basic (modulo 8) or
- .ce
- extended (modulo\ 128)] is determined at subscription time and is only
- changed by going through a new subscription process.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.4.6
- .ce
- \fIDisconnect (DISC)\fR
- .ce
- \fI command\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DISC unnumbered command is used to terminate the mode
- .ce
- previously set. It is used to inform the DCE or DTE receiving the DISC
- command that the DTE or DCE sending the DISC command is suspending operation.
- No
- .ce
- information field is permitted with the DISC command. Prior to actioning the
- .ce
- DISC command, the DCE or DTE receiving the DISC command confirms the acceptance
- of the DISC command by the transmission of a UA response. The DTE or DCE
- .ce
- sending the DISC command enters the disconnected phase when it receives the
- .ce
- acknowledging UA response.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Previously transmitted I frames that are unacknowledged when this
- .ce
- command is actioned remain unacknowledged. It is the responsibility of
- a higher layer (e.g.\ Packet Layer or MLP) to recover from the possible
- loss of the
- .ce
- contents (e.g.,\ packets) of such I frames.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.4.7
- .ce
- \fIUnnumbered acknowledgement (UA)\fR
- .ce
- \fI response\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The UA unnumbered response is used by the DCE or DTE to acknowledge the
- receipt and acceptance of the mode\(hysetting commands. Received mode\(hysetting
- commands are not actioned until the UA response is transmitted. The
- .ce
- transmission of a UA response indicates the clearance of a busy condition
- that was reported by the earlier transmission of an RNR frame by that same
- station (DCE or DTE). No information field is permitted with the UA response.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.3.4.8
- .ce
- \fIDisconnected mode (DM)\fR
- .ce
- \fI response\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DM unnumbered response is used to report a status where the DCE or
- DTE is logically disconnected from the data link, and is in the disconnected
- phase. The DM response may be sent to indicate that the DCE or DTE has
- entered the disconnected phase without benefit of having received a DISC
- command, or, if sent in response to the reception of a mode setting command,
- is sent to
- .ce
- inform the DTE or DCE that the DCE or DTE, respectively, is still in the
- .ce
- disconnected phase and cannot execute the set mode command. No information
- .ce
- field is permitted with the DM response.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- A DCE or DTE in a disconnected phase will monitor received commands
- .ce
- and will react to an SABM/SABME command as outlined in \(sc\ 2.4.4 below,
- and will respond with a DM response with the F bit set to\ 1 to any other
- command
- .ce
- received with the P\ bit set to\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.4.9
- .ce
- \fIFrame reject (FRMR)\fR
- .ce
- \fI response\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The FRMR unnumbered response is used by the DCE or DTE to report an error
- condition not recoverable by retransmission of the identical frame;
- .ce
- i.e.\ at least one of the following conditions, which results from the
- receipt of a valid frame:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 1)
- .ce
- the receipt of a command or response control field that is
- .ce
- undefined or not implemented;
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2)
- .ce
- the receipt of an I frame with an information field which
- .ce
- exceeds the maximum established length;
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 3)
- .ce
- the receipt of an invalid N(R); or
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 4)
- .ce
- the receipt of a frame with an information field which is
- .ce
- not permitted or the receipt of a supervisory or unnumbered
- .ce
- frame with incorrect length.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- An undefined or not implemented control field is any of the
- .ce
- control field encodings that are not identified in Tables\ 5/X.25 or\ 6/X.25.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- A valid N(R) must be within the range from the lowest send sequence
- .ce
- number N(S) of the still unacknowledged frame(s) to the current DCE send
- state variable inclusive (or to the current internal variable \fIx\fR
- .ce
- if the DCE is in
- .ce
- the timer recovery condition as described in \(sc\ 2.4.5.9).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- An information field which immediately follows the control field, and consists
- of\ 3 or 5\ octets [modulo\ 8 (basic) operation or modulo\ 128 (extended)
- operation, respectively], is returned with this response and provides the
- .ce
- reason for the FRMR response. These formats are given in Tables\ 7/X.25
- .ce
- and\ 8/X.25.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.5
- .ce
- \fIException condition reporting and recovery\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The error recovery procedures which are available to effect
- .ce
- recovery following the detection/occurrence of an
- .ce
- exception condition
- .ce
- at the Data Link Layer are described below. Exception conditions described
- are those situations which may occur as the result of transmission errors,
- DCE or DTE malfunction, or operational situations.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.5.1
- .ce
- \fIBusy condition\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The busy condition results when the DCE or DTE is temporarily
- .ce
- unable to continue to receive I frames due to internal constraints,
- .ce
- e.g.\ receive buffering limitations. In this case an RNR frame is transmitted
- .ce
- from the busy DCE or DTE. I\ frames pending transmission may be transmitted
- from the busy DCE or DTE prior to or following the RNR\ frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- An indication that the busy condition has cleared is communicated by the
- transmission of a UA (only in response to a SABM/SABME command), RR, REJ
- or SABM/SABME (modulo\ 8/modulo\ 128) frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- .line
- .ce
- \fBTable 7/X.25 [T7.25], p.\fR
- .ce
- .line
- .ce
- \fBTable 8/X.25 [T8.25], p.\fR
- .ce
- 2.3.5.2
- .ce
- \fIN(S) sequence error condition\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The information field of all I frames received whose N(S) does not equal
- the receive state variable V(R) will be discarded.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- An N(S) sequence error exception condition occurs in the receiver when
- an I\ frame received contains an N(S) which is not equal to the receive
- state
- .ce
- variable V(R) at the receiver. The receiver does not acknowledge (increment
- its receive state variable) the I\ frame causing the sequence error, or
- any I\ frame which may follow, until an I\ frame with the correct N(S)
- is received.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- A DCE or DTE which receives one or more valid I frames having sequence
- errors or subsequent supervisory frames (RR, RNR and REJ) shall accept
- the
- .ce
- control information contained in the N(R) field and the P or F bit to perform
- data link control functions; e.g.\ to receive acknowledgement of previously
- .ce
- transmitted I\ frames and to cause the DCE or DTE to respond (P bit set to 1).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- The means specified in \(sc\(sc\ 2.3.5.2.1 and 2.3.5.2.2 shall be available
- for initiating the retransmission of lost or errored I\ frames following
- the
- .ce
- occurrence of an N(S) sequence error condition.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.5.2.1
- .ce
- \fIREJ recovery\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The REJ frame is used by a receiving DCE or DTE to initiate a
- .ce
- recovery (retransmission) following the detection of an N(S) sequence error.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- With respect to each direction of transmission on the data link, only one
- \*Qsent REJ\*U exception condition from a DCE or DTE, to a DTE or DCE,
- is
- .ce
- established at a time. A \*Qsent REJ\*U exception condition is cleared when the
- .ce
- requested I\ frame is received.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- A DCE or DTE receiving a REJ frame initiates sequential
- .ce
- (re\(hy)transmission of I\ frames starting with the I\ frame indicated
- by the N(R) contained in the REJ frame. The retransmitted frames may contain
- an N(R) and a P bit that are updated from, and therefore different from,
- the ones contained in the originally transmitted I\ frames.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.5.2.2
- .ce
- \fITime\(hyout recovery\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If a DCE or DTE, due to a transmission error, does not receive (or receives
- and discards) a single I\ frame or the last I\ frame(s) in a sequence of
- I\ frames, it will not detect an N(S) sequence error condition and, therefore,
- will not transmit a REJ frame. The DTE or DCE which transmitted the
- .ce
- unacknowledged I\ frame(s) shall, following the completion of a system
- specified time\(hyout period (see \(sc\(sc\ 2.4.5.1 and 2.4.5.9 below),
- take appropriate recovery action to determine at which I\ frame retransmission
- must begin. The
- .ce
- retransmitted frame(s) may contain an N(R) and a P bit that is updated from,
- .ce
- and therefore different from, the ones contained in the originally transmitted
- frame(s).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.5.3
- .ce
- \fIInvalid frame\fR
- .ce
- \fI condition\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Any frame which is invalid will be discarded, and no action is
- .ce
- taken as the result of that frame. An invalid frame is defined as one
- .ce
- which:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- a)
- .ce
- is not properly bounded by two flags;
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- b)
- .ce
- in basic (modulo 8) operation, contains fewer than 32 bits
- .ce
- between flags; in extended (modulo\ 128) operation, contains
- .ce
- fewer than 40\ bits between flags of frames that contain sequence
- .ce
- numbers or 32\ bits between flags of frames that do not contain
- .ce
- sequence numbers;
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- c)
- .ce
- contains a Frame Check Sequence (FCS) error; or
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- d)
- .ce
- contains an address other than A or B (for single link
- .ce
- operation) or other than C or D (for multilink operation).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- For those networks that are octet aligned, a detection of
- .ce
- non\(hyoctet alignment may be made at the Data Link Layer by adding a frame
- .ce
- validity check that requires the number of bits between the opening flag and
- .ce
- the closing flag, excluding bits inserted for transparency, to be an integral
- number of octets in length, or the frame is considered invalid.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.5.4
- .ce
- \fIFrame rejection\fR
- .ce
- \fI condition\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- A frame rejection condition is established upon the receipt of an error\(hyfree
- frame with one of the conditions listed in \(sc\ 2.3.4.9 above.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- At the DCE or DTE, this frame rejection exception condition is
- .ce
- reported by an FRMR response for appropriate DTE or DCE action, respectively.
- Once a DCE has established such an exception condition, no additional I\
- frames are accepted until the condition is reset by the DTE, except for
- examination of the P bit. The FRMR response may be repeated at each opportunity,
- as specified in \(sc\ 2.4.7.3, until recovery is effected by the DTE, or
- until the DCE initiates its own recovery in case the DTE does not respond.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.5.5
- .ce
- \fIExcessive idle channel state condition on incoming\fR
- .ce
-
- .ce
- \fIchannel\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Upon detection of an idle channel state condition (see \(sc\ 2.2.12.2 above)
- on the incoming channel, the DCE shall wait for a period\ T3 (see
- .ce
- \(sc\ 2.4.8.3 below) without taking any specific action, waiting for detection
- of a return to the active channel state (i.e.,\ detection of at least one
- flag
- .ce
- sequence). After the period\ T3, the DCE shall notify the higher layer
- (e.g.\ the Packet Layer or the MLP) of the excessive idle channel state
- condition, but
- .ce
- shall not take any action that would preclude the DTE from establishing the
- .ce
- data link by normal data link set\(hyup procedures.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- \fINote\fR
- .ce
- \ \(em\ Other actions to be taken by the DCE at the Data Link Layer upon
- expiration of period\ T3 is a subject for further study.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.4
- .ce
- \fIDescription of the \fR
- .ce
- \fILAPB procedure\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.1
- .ce
- \fILAPB basic and extended modes of operation\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- In accordance with the system choice made by the DTE at
- .ce
- subscription time, the DCE will either support modulo\ 8 (basic) operation or
- .ce
- will support modulo\ 128 (extended) operation. Changing from basic operation
- to extended operation, or vice versa, in the DCE requires resubscription
- by the
- .ce
- DTE for the desired service, and is not supported dynamically.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Table 5/X.25 indicates the command and response control field formats used
- with the basic (modulo\ 8) service. The mode\(hysetting command employed
- to
- .ce
- initialize (set up) or reset the basic mode is the SABM command. Table
- 6/X.25 indicates the command and response control field formats used with
- the extended (modulo\ 128) service. The mode\(hysetting command employed
- to initialize (set up) or reset the extended mode is the SABME command.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.2
- .ce
- \fILAPB procedure for addressing\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The address field identifies a frame as either a command or a
- .ce
- response. A command frame contains the address of the DCE or DTE to which
- the command is being sent. A response frame contains the address of the
- DCE or DTE sending the frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- In order to allow differentiation between single link operation and
- .ce
- the optional multilink operation for diagnostic and/or maintenance reasons,
- .ce
- different address pair encodings are assigned to data links operating with
- .ce
- multilink procedure compared to data links operating with the single link
- .ce
- procedure.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Frames containing commands transferred from the DCE to the DTE will
- .ce
- contain the address\ A for the single link operation and address\ C for the
- .ce
- multilink operation.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Frames containing responses transferred from the DCE to the DTE will contain
- the address\ B for the single link operation and address\ D for the
- .ce
- multilink operation.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- Frames containing commands transferred from the DTE to the DCE shall contain
- the address\ B for the single link operation and address\ D for the
- .ce
- multilink operation.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Frames containing responses transferred from the DTE to the DCE shall contain
- the address\ A for the single link operation and address\ C for the
- .ce
- multilink operation.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- These addresses are coded as follows:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Address
- .ce
- 1\ 2\ 3\ 4\ 5\ 6\ 7\ 8
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Single link operation
- .ce
- \ \ A
- .ce
- 1\ 1\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0
- .ce
- .line
- .ce
- \ \ B
- .ce
- 1\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Multilink operation
- .ce
- \ \ C
- .ce
- 1\ 1\ 1\ 1\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0
- .ce
- .line
- .ce
- \ \ D
- .ce
- 1\ 1\ 1\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- \fINote\fR
- .ce
- \ \(em\ The DCE will discard all frames received with an address other
- than\ A or\ B (single link operation), or\ C or\ D (multilink operation).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.3
- .ce
- \fILAPB procedure for the use of the P/F bit\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE or DTE receiving an SABM/SABME, DISC, supervisory command or I\
- frame with the P\ bit set to\ 1 will set the F\ bit to\ 1 in the next response
- frame it transmits.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The response frame returned by the DCE to an SABM/SABME or DISC
- .ce
- command with the P\ bit set to\ 1 will be a UA or DM response with the
- F\ bit set to\ 1. The response frame returned by the DCE to an I\ frame
- with the P\ bit set to\ 1, received during the information transfer phase,
- will be an RR, REJ, RNR or FRMR response with the F\ bit set to\ 1. The
- response frame returned by the
- .ce
- DCE to a supervisory command with the P\ bit set to\ 1, received during the
- .ce
- information transfer phase, will be an RR, REJ, RNR or FRMR response with
- the F\ bit set to\ 1. The response frame returned by the DCE to an I\ frame
- or
- .ce
- supervisory frame with the P\ bit set to\ 1, received during the disconnected
- .ce
- phase, will be a DM response with the F\ bit set to\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The P bit may be used by the DCE in conjunction with the timer
- .ce
- recovery condition (see \(sc\ 2.4.5.9 below).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- \fINote\fR
- .ce
- \ \(em\ Other use of the P bit by the DCE is a subject for further
- .ce
- study.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4
- .ce
- \fILAPB procedure for data link set\(hyup and disconnection\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.4.4.1
- .ce
- \fIData link set\(hyup\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE will indicate that it is able to set up the data link by
- .ce
- transmitting contiguous flags (active channel state).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Either the DTE or the DCE may initiate data link set\(hyup. Prior to
- .ce
- initiation of data link set\(hyup, either the DCE or the DTE may initiate data
- .ce
- link
- .ce
- disconnection (see \(sc\ 2.4.4.3) for the purpose of insuring that the
- DCE and the DTE are in the same phase. The DCE may also transmit an unsolicited
- DM response to request the DTE to initiate data link set\(hyup.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DTE shall initiate data link set\(hyup by transmitting an SABM/SABME
- command to the DCE. If, upon receipt of the SABM/SABME command correctly,
- the DCE determines that it can enter the information transfer phase, it
- will return a UA response to the DTE, will reset its send and receive state
- variables V(S) and V(R) to zero, and will consider that the data link is
- set up. If, upon
- .ce
- receipt
- .ce
- of the SABM/SABME command correctly, the DCE determines that it cannot enter
- .ce
- the information transfer phase, it will return a DM response to the DTE as a
- .ce
- denial to the data link set\(hyup initialization and will consider that the
- .ce
- data link is
- .ce
- \fInot\fR
- .ce
- set up. In order to avoid misinterpretation of the DM response received,
- it is suggested that the DTE always sends its SABM/SABME command with the
- P\ bit set to\ 1. Otherwise, it is not possible to differentiate a DM response
- intended as a denial to data link set\(hyup from a DM response that is
- issued in a separate unsolicited sense as a request for a mode\(hysetting
- command (as described
- .ce
- in\ \(sc\ 2.4.4.4.2).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE will initiate data link set\(hyup by transmitting an SABM/SABME
- command to the DTE and starting its Timer\ T1 in order to determine when
- too
- .ce
- much time has elapsed waiting for a reply (see \(sc\ 2.4.8.1 below). Upon
- reception of a UA response from the DTE, the DCE will reset its send and
- receive state
- .ce
- variables\ V(S) and\ V(R) to zero, will stop its Timer\ T1, and will consider
- that the data link is set up. Upon reception of a DM response from the
- DTE as a
- .ce
- denial
- .ce
- to the data link set\(hyup initialization, the DCE will stop its Timer\
- T1 and will consider that the data link is \fInot\fR
- .ce
- set up.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- The DCE, having sent the SABM/SABME command, will ignore and discard any
- frames except an SABM/SABME or DISC command, or a UA or DM response
- .ce
- received from the DTE. The receipt of an SABM/SABME or DISC command from the
- .ce
- DTE will result in a collision situation that is resolved per \(sc\ 2.4.4.5
- below. Frames other than the UA and DM responses sent in response to a
- received
- .ce
- SABM/SABME or DISC command will be sent only after the data link is set
- up and if no outstanding SABM/SABME command exists.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- After the DCE sends the SABM/SABME command, if a UA or DM response is not
- received correctly, Timer\ T1 will run out in the DCE. The DCE will then
- .ce
- resend the SABM/SABME command and will restart Timer\ T1. After transmission
- of the SABM/SABME command N2 times by the DCE, appropriate higher layer
- recovery action will be initiated. The value of N2 is defined in \(sc\
- 2.4.8.4 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4.2
- .ce
- \fIInformation transfer phase\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- After having transmitted the UA response to the SABM/SABME command or having
- received the UA response to a transmitted SABM/SABME command, the DCE will
- accept and transmit I and supervisory frames according to the procedures
- described in \(sc\ 2.4.5 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- When receiving the SABM/SABME command while in the information
- .ce
- transfer phase, the DCE will conform to the data link resetting procedure
- .ce
- described in \(sc\ 2.4.7 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4.3
- .ce
- \fIData link disconnection\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DTE shall initiate a disconnect of the data link by
- .ce
- transmitting a DISC command to the DCE. On correctly receiving a DISC command
- in the information transfer phase, the DCE will send a UA response and
- enter
- .ce
- the disconnected phase. On correctly receiving a DISC command in the
- .ce
- disconnected phase, the DCE will send a DM response and remain in the
- .ce
- disconnected phase. In order to avoid misinterpretation of the DM response
- .ce
- received, it is suggested that the DTE always sends its DISC command with
- the P\ bit set to\ 1. Otherwise, it is not possible to differentiate a
- DM response
- .ce
- intended as an indication that the DCE is already in the disconnected phase
- .ce
- from a DM response that is issued in a separate unsolicited sense as a
- request for a mode\(hysetting command (as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.4.2).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- The DCE will initiate a disconnect of the data link by transmitting a DISC
- command to the DTE and starting its Timer\ T1 (see \(sc\ 2.4.8.1 below).
- Upon reception of an UA response from the DTE, the DCE will stop its Timer\
- T1 and
- .ce
- will enter the disconnected phase. Upon reception of a DM response from
- the DTE as an indication that the DTE was already in the disconnected phase,
- the DCE
- .ce
- will stop its Timer\ T1 and will enter the disconnected phase.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE, having sent the DISC command, will ignore and discard any
- .ce
- frames except an SABM/SABME or DISC command, or a UA or DM response received
- .ce
- from the DTE. The receipt of an SABM/SABME or DISC command from the DTE will
- .ce
- result in a collision situation that is resolved per \(sc\ 2.4.4.5 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- After the DCE sends the DISC command, if a UA or DM response is not
- .ce
- received correctly, Timer\ T1 will run out in the DCE. The DCE will then
- resend the DISC command and will restart Timer\ T1. After transmission
- of the DISC
- .ce
- command N2 times by the DCE, appropriate higher layer recovery action will
- be initiated. The value of N2 is defined in \(sc\ 2.4.8.4 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4.4
- .ce
- \fIDisconnected phase\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4.4.1
- .ce
- After having received a DISC command from the DTE and
- .ce
- returned a UA response to the DTE, or having received the UA response to a
- .ce
- transmitted DISC command, the DCE will enter the disconnected phase.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- In the disconnected phase, the DCE may initiate data link set\(hyup. In
- the disconnected phase, the DCE will react to the receipt of an SABM/SABME
- command as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1 above and will transmit a DM response
- in
- .ce
- answer to a received DISC command. When receiving any other command (defined,
- or undefined or not implemented) with the P\ bit set to\ 1, the DCE will
- transmit a DM response with the F\ bit set to\ 1. Other frames received
- in the
- .ce
- disconnected phase will be ignored by the DCE.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4.4.2
- .ce
- When the DCE enters the disconnected phase after
- .ce
- detecting error conditions as listed in \(sc\ 2.4.6 below, or after an internal
- .ce
- malfunction, it may indicate this by sending a DM response rather than
- a DISC command. In these cases, the DCE will transmit a DM response and
- start its
- .ce
- Timer\ T1 (see \(sc\ 2.4.8.1 below).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If Timer T1 runs out before the reception of an SABM/SABME or DISC command
- from the DTE, the DCE will retransmit the DM response and restart
- .ce
- Timer\ T1. After transmission of the DM response N2 times, the DCE will
- remain in the disconnected phase and appropriate recovery actions will
- be initiated. The value of N2 is defined in \(sc\ 2.4.8.4 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Alternatively, after an internal malfunction, the DCE may either
- .ce
- initiate a data link resetting procedure (see \(sc\ 2.4.7 below) or disconnect
- the data link (see \(sc\ 2.4.4.3 above) prior to initiating a data link
- set\(hyup
- .ce
- procedure (see \(sc\ 2.4.4.1 above).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4.5
- .ce
- \fICollision of unnumbered commands\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Collision situations shall be resolved in the following way:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4.5.1
- .ce
- If the sent and received unnumbered commands are the
- .ce
- same, the DCE and the DTE shall each send the UA response at the earliest
- .ce
- possible opportunity. The DCE shall enter the indicated phase either,
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 1)
- .ce
- after receiving the UA response,
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2)
- .ce
- after sending the UA response, or
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 3)
- .ce
- after timing out waiting for the UA response having sent a
- .ce
- UA response.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- In the case of 2) above, the DCE will accept a subsequent UA
- .ce
- response to the mode\(hysetting command it issued without causing an exception
- .ce
- condition if received within the time\(hyout interval.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.4.4.5.2
- .ce
- If the sent and received unnumbered commands are
- .ce
- different, the DCE and the DTE shall each enter the disconnected phase and
- .ce
- issue a DM response at the earliest possible opportunity.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4.6
- .ce
- \fICollision of DM response with SABM/SABME or DISC\fR
- .ce
-
- .ce
- \fIcommand\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- When a DM response is issued by the DCE or DTE as an unsolicited
- .ce
- response to request the DTE or DCE, respectively, to issue a mode\(hysetting
- .ce
- command as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.4, a collision between an SABM/SABME
- or DISC
- .ce
- command and the unsolicited DM response may occur. In order to avoid
- .ce
- misinterpretation of the DM response received, the DTE always sends its
- .ce
- SABM/SABME or DISC command with the P\ bit set to\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4.7
- .ce
- \fICollision of DM responses\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- A contention situation may occur when both the DCE and the DTE
- .ce
- issue a DM response to request a mode\(hysetting command. In this case, the DTE
- .ce
- will issue an SABM/SABME command to resolve the contention situation.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.4.5
- .ce
- \fILAPB procedures for information transfer\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The procedures which apply to the transmission of I\ frames in each direction
- during the information transfer phase are described below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- In the following, \*Qnumber one higher\*U is in reference to a
- .ce
- continuously repeated sequence series, i.e., 7 is 1\ higher than 6 and 0 is
- .ce
- 1\ higher than 7 for modulo\ 8 series, and 127 is 1\ higher than 126 and 0 is
- .ce
- 1\ higher than 127 for modulo\ 128 series.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.5.1
- .ce
- \fISending I frames\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- When the DCE has an I frame to transmit (i.e. an I frame not
- .ce
- already transmitted, or having to be retransmitted as described in \(sc\
- 2.4.5.6
- .ce
- below), it will transmit it with an N(S) equal to its current send state
- .ce
- variable V(S), and an N(R) equal to its current receive state variable
- V(R). At the end of the transmission of the I\ frame, the DCE will increment
- its send
- .ce
- state variable V(S) by\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If Timer T1 is not running at the time of transmission of an I frame, it
- will be started.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If the send state variable V(S) is equal to the last value of N(R)
- .ce
- received plus \fIk\fR
- .ce
- (where \fIk\fR
- .ce
- is the maximum number of outstanding I\ frames \(em
- .ce
- see \(sc\ 2.4.8.6 below), the DCE will not transmit any new I\ frames, but may
- .ce
- retransmit an I\ frame as described in \(sc\(sc\ 2.4.5.6 or 2.4.5.9 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- When the DCE is in the busy condition, it may still transmit I frames,
- provided that the DTE is not busy. When the DCE is in the frame rejection
- .ce
- condition, it will stop transmitting I\ frames.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.5.2
- .ce
- \fIReceiving an I frame\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.5.2.1
- .ce
- When the DCE is not in a busy condition and receives a valid I\ frame whose
- send sequence number N(S) is equal to the DCE receive state
- .ce
- variable V(R), the DCE will accept the information field of this frame,
- .ce
- increment by one its receive state variable V(R), and act as follows:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- a)
- .ce
- If the DCE is still not in a busy condition:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- i)
- .ce
- If an I frame is available for transmission by the
- .ce
- DCE, it may act as in \(sc\ 2.4.5.1 above and acknowledge
- .ce
- the received I frame by setting N(R) in the control field
- .ce
- of the next transmitted I\ frame to the value of the DCE
- .ce
- receive state variable V(R). Alternatively, the DCE may
- .ce
- acknowledge the received I\ frame by transmitting an RR
- .ce
- frame with the N(R) equal to the value of the DCE receive
- .ce
- state variable V(R).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- ii)
- .ce
- If no I frame is available for transmission by the
- .ce
- DCE, it will transmit an RR frame with N(R) equal to the
- .ce
- value of the DCE receive state variable V(R).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- b)
- .ce
- If the DCE is now in a busy condition, it will transmit an
- .ce
- RNR frame with N(R) equal to the value of the DCE receive
- .ce
- state variable V(R) (see \(sc\ 2.4.5.8).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.4.5.2.2
- .ce
- When the DCE is in a busy condition, it may ignore the
- .ce
- information field contained in any received I\ frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.5.3
- .ce
- \fIReception of invalid frames\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- When the DCE receives an invalid frame (see \(sc\ 2.3.5.3), this frame
- will be discarded.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.5.4
- .ce
- \fIReception of out\(hyof\(hysequence I frames\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- When the DCE receives a valid I frame whose send sequence number
- .ce
- N(S) is incorrect, i.e.,\ not equal to the current DCE receive state variable
- .ce
- V(R), it will discard the information field of the I\ frame and transmit
- an REJ frame with the N(R) set to one higher than the N(S) of the last
- correctly
- .ce
- received I\ frame. The REJ frame will be a command frame with the P\ bit
- set to\ 1 if an acknowledged transfer of the retransmission request is
- required;
- .ce
- otherwise the REJ frame may be either a command or a response frame. The DCE
- .ce
- will then discard the information field of all I\ frames received until the
- .ce
- expected I\ frame is correctly received. When receiving the expected I\ frame,
- .ce
- the DCE will then acknowledge the I\ frame as described in \(sc\ 2.4.5.2
- above. The DCE will use the N(R) and P\ bit information in the discarded
- I\ frames as
- .ce
- described in \(sc\ 2.3.5.2 above.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.5.5
- .ce
- \fIReceiving acknowledgement\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- When correctly receiving an I frame or a supervisory frame (RR, RNR or
- REJ), even in the busy condition, the DCE will consider the N(R) contained
- in this frame as an acknowledgement for all I\ frames it has transmitted
- with an N(S) up to and including the received N(R)\(em1. The DCE will stop
- Timer\ T1 when it correctly receives an I\ frame or a supervisory frame
- with the N(R) higher
- .ce
- than the last received N(R) (actually acknowledging some I\ frames), or
- an REJ frame with an N(R) equal to the last received N(R).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- If Timer T1 has been stopped by the receipt on an I, RR or RNR frame, and
- if there are outstanding I\ frames still unacknowledged, the DCE will
- .ce
- restart Timer\ T1. If Timer\ T1 then runs out, the DCE will follow the
- recovery procedure (\(sc\ 2.4.5.9 below) with respect to the unacknowledged
- I\ frames. If
- .ce
- Timer\ T1 has been stopped by the receipt of an REJ frame, the DCE will
- follow the retransmission procedures in \(sc\ 2.4.5.6 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.5.6
- .ce
- \fIReceiving an REJ frame\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- When receiving an REJ frame, the DCE will set its send state
- .ce
- variable V(S) to the N(R) received in the REJ control field. It will transmit
- the corresponding I\ frame as soon as it is available or retransmit it
- in
- .ce
- accordance with the procedures described in \(sc\ 2.4.5.1 above. (Re)transmission
- will conform to the following procedure:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- i)
- .ce
- if the DCE is transmitting a supervisory command or response
- .ce
- when it receives the REJ frame, it will complete that
- .ce
- transmission before commencing transmission of the requested
- .ce
- I\ frame;
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- ii)
- .ce
- if the DCE is transmitting an unnumbered command or
- .ce
- response when it receives the REJ frame, it will ignore the
- .ce
- request for retransmission;
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- iii)
- .ce
- if the DCE is transmitting an I frame when the REJ frame
- .ce
- is received, it may abort the I\ frame and commence transmission
- .ce
- of the requested I\ frame immediately after abortion;
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- iv)
- .ce
- if the DCE is not transmitting any frame when the REJ frame
- .ce
- is received, it will commence transmission of the requested
- .ce
- I\ frame immediately.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- In all cases, if other unacknowledged I frames had already been
- .ce
- transmitted following the one indicated in the REJ frame, then those I
- frames will be retransmitted by the DCE following the retransmission of
- the requested I\ frame. Other I\ frames not yet transmitted may be transmitted
- following the
- .ce
- retransmitted I\ frames.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If the REJ frame was received from the DTE as a command with the P bit
- set to\ 1, the DCE will transmit an RR, RNR or REJ response with the F
- bit set to\ 1 before transmitting or retransmitting the corresponding I\
- frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.5.7
- .ce
- \fIReceiving an RNR frame\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- After receiving an RNR frame whose N(R) acknowledges all frames
- .ce
- previously transmitted, the DCE will stop Timer\ T1 and may then transmit
- .ce
- an I\ frame, with the P\ bit set to\ 0, whose send sequence number is
- .ce
- equal to the N(R) indicated in the RNR frame, restarting Timer\ T1 as it
- does. After receiving an RNR frame whose N(R) indicates a previously transmitted
- .ce
- frame, the DCE will not transmit or retransmit any I\ frame, Timer\ T1 being
- .ce
- already running. In either case, if the Timer\ T1 runs out before receipt
- of a busy clearance indication, the DCE will follow the procedure described
- in
- .ce
- \(sc\ 2.4.5.9\ below. In any case, the DCE will not transmit any other
- I\ frames
- .ce
- before receiving an RR or REJ frame, or before the completion of a link
- .ce
- resetting procedure.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Alternatively, after receiving an RNR frame, the DCE may wait for a
- .ce
- period of time (e.g.,\ the length of the Timer\ T1) and then transmit a
- .ce
- supervisory command frame (RR, RNR or REJ) with the P\ bit set to\ 1, and
- start Timer\ T1, in order to determine if there is any change in the receive
- status of the DTE. The DTE shall respond to the P\ bit set to\ 1 with a
- supervisory
- .ce
- response frame (RR, RNR or REJ) with the F\ bit set to\ 1 indicating either
- .ce
- continuance of the busy condition (RNR) or clearance of the busy condition
- (RR or REJ). Upon receipt of the DTE response, Timer\ T1 is stopped.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 1)
- .ce
- If the response is the RR or REJ response, the busy
- .ce
- condition is cleared and the DCE may transmit I\ frames beginning
- .ce
- with the I\ frame identified by the N(R) in the received response
- .ce
- frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2)
- .ce
- If the response is the RNR response, the busy condition
- .ce
- still exists, and the DCE will after a period of time (e.g.\ the
- .ce
- length of Timer\ T1) repeat the enquiry of the DTE receive
- .ce
- status.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If Timer T1 runs out before a status response is received, the
- .ce
- enquiry process above is repeated. If N2 attempts to get a status response
- fail (i.e.\ Timer\ T1 runs out N2\ times), the DCE will initiate a data
- link resetting procedure as described in \(sc\ 2.4.7.2\ below or will transmit
- a DM response to ask the DTE to initiate a data link set\(hyup procedure
- as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1 and enter the disconnected phase. The value
- of N2 is defined in \(sc\ 2.4.8.4\ below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- If, at any time during the enquiry process, an unsolicited RR or REJ frame
- is received from the DTE, it will be considered to be an indication of
- .ce
- clearance of the busy condition. Should the unsolicited RR or REJ frame be a
- .ce
- command frame with the P bit set to\ 1, the appropriate response frame
- with the F\ bit set to 1 must be transmitted before the DCE may resume
- transmission of
- .ce
- I\ frames. If Timer\ T1 is running, the DCE will wait for the non\(hybusy
- response with the F bit set to\ 1 or will wait for Timer\ T1 to run out
- and then either
- .ce
- may reinitiate the enquiry process in order to realize a successful P/F bit
- .ce
- exchange or may resume transmission of I frames beginning with the I\ frame
- .ce
- identified by the N(R) in the received RR or REJ frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.5.8
- .ce
- \fIDCE busy condition\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- When the DCE enters a busy condition, it will transmit an RNR frame at
- the earliest opportunity. The RNR frame will be a command frame with the
- P bit set to\ 1 if an acknowledged transfer of the busy condition indication
- is
- .ce
- required; otherwise the RNR frame may be either a command or a response
- frame. While in the busy condition, the DCE will accept and process supervisory
- .ce
- frames, will accept and process the contents of the N(R) fields of I\ frames,
- .ce
- and will return an RNR response with the F bit set to\ 1 if it receives a
- .ce
- supervisory command or I command frame with the P bit set to\ 1. To clear the
- .ce
- busy condition, the DCE will transmit either an REJ frame or an RR frame, with
- .ce
- N(R) set to the current receive state variable V(R), depending on whether or
- .ce
- not it discarded information fields of correctly received I\ frames. The REJ
- .ce
- frame or the RR frame will be a command frame with the P bit set to\ 1 if an
- .ce
- acknowledged transfer of the busy\(hyto\(hynon\(hybusy transition is required,
- otherwise the REJ frame or the RR frame may be either a command or a response
- frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.4.5.9
- .ce
- \fIWaiting acknowledgement\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE maintains an internal transmission attempt variable which is set
- to\ 0 when the DCE sends a UA response, when the DCE receives a UA
- .ce
- response or an RNR command or response, or when the DCE correctly receives
- an I\ frame or supervisory frame with the N(R) higher than the last received
- N(R) (actually acknowledging some outstanding I\ frames).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If Timer T1 runs out waiting for the acknowledgement from the DTE for an
- I\ frame transmitted, the DCE will enter the timer recovery condition,
- add
- .ce
- one to its transmission attempt variable and set an internal variable \fIx\fR
- .ce
- to
- .ce
- the current value of its send state variable V(S). The DCE will then restart
- .ce
- Timer T1, set its send state variable V(S) to the last value of N(R) received
- from the DTE and retransmit the corresponding I\ frame with the P bit set
- to\ 1, or transmit an appropriate supervisory command frame (RR, RNR or
- REJ) with the P\ bit set to\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- The timer recovery condition is cleared when the DCE receives a valid supervisory
- frame with the F\ bit\ set to\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If, while in the timer recovery condition, the DCE correctly receives a
- supervisory frame with the F bit set to\ 1 and with the N(R) within the
- range from its current send state variable V(S) to \fIx\fR
- .ce
- included, it will clear the
- .ce
- timer recovery condition (including stopping Timer\ T1) and set its send
- state variable V(S) to the value of the received N(R), and may then resume
- with
- .ce
- I\ frame transmission or retransmission, as appropriate.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If, while in the timer recovery condition, the DCE correctly receives an
- I or supervisory frame with the P/F bit set to\ 0 and with a valid N(R)
- (see \(sc\ 2.3.4.9), it will not clear the timer recovery condition. The
- value of the
- .ce
- received N(R) may be used to update the send state variable V(S). However,
- the DCE may decide to keep the last transmitted I\ frame in store (even
- if it is
- .ce
- acknowledged) in order to be able to retransmit it with the P bit set to\
- 1 when Timer\ T1 runs out at a later time.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- If the received supervisory frame with the P/F bit set to\ 0 is an REJ
- frame with a valid N(R), the DCE may either immediately initiate
- .ce
- (re)transmission from the value of the send state variable V(S), or it may
- .ce
- ignore the request for retransmission and wait until the supervisory frame
- with the F bit set to\ 1 is received before initiating (re)transmission
- of frames
- .ce
- from the value identified in the N(R) field of the supervisory frame with
- the F\ bit set to\ 1. In the case of immediate retransmission, in order
- to prevent
- .ce
- duplicate retransmissions following the clearance of the timer recovery
- .ce
- condition, the DCE shall inhibit retransmission of a specific I\ frame [same
- .ce
- N(R) in the same numbering cycle] if the DCE has retransmitted that I\
- frame as the result of a received REJ frame with the P/F bit set to\ 0.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If, while in the timer recovery condition, the DCE receives a REJ
- .ce
- command with the P bit set to\ 1, the DCE will respond immediately with an
- .ce
- appropriate supervisory response with the F bit set to\ 1. The DCE may
- then use the value of the N(R) in the REJ command to update the send state
- variable
- .ce
- V(S), and may either immediately begin (re)transmission from the value N(R)
- .ce
- indicated in the REJ frame or ignore the request for retransmission and wait
- .ce
- until the supervisory frame with the F bit set to\ 1 is received before
- .ce
- initiating (re)transmission of I\ frames from the value identified in the
- N(R) field of the supervisory frame with the F\ bit set to\ 1. In the case
- of
- .ce
- immediate retransmission, in order to prevent duplicate retransmissions
- .ce
- following the clearance of the timer recovery condition, the DCE shall
- inhibit retransmission of a specific I\ frame [same N(R) in the same numbering
- cycle]
- .ce
- if the DCE has retransmitted that I\ frame as the result of the received REJ
- .ce
- command with the P\ bit set to\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If Timer T1 runs out in the timer recovery condition, and no I or
- .ce
- supervisory frame with the P/F bit set to 0 and with a valid N(R) has been
- .ce
- received, or no REJ command with the P bit set to\ 1 and with a valid N(R)
- has been received, the DCE will add one to its transmission attempt variable,
- .ce
- restart Timer\ T1, and either retransmit the I frame sent with the P bit set
- .ce
- to\ 1 or transmit an appropriate supervisory command with the P bit set to\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- If the transmission attempt variable is equal to N2, the DCE will
- .ce
- initiate a data link resetting procedure as described in \(sc\ 2.4.7.2
- below, or
- .ce
- will transmit a DM response to ask the DTE to initiate a data link set\(hyup
- .ce
- procedure as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1 above and enter the disconnected
- phase. N2 is a system parameter (see \(sc\ 2.4.8.4 below).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- \fINote\fR
- .ce
- \ \(em\ Although the DCE may implement the internal variable \fIx\fR
- .ce
- ,
- .ce
- other mechanisms do exist that achieve the identical function.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.6
- .ce
- \fILAPB conditions for \fR
- .ce
- \fIdata link resetting or data link\fR
- .ce
-
- .ce
- \fIre\(hyinitialization\fR
- .ce
- \fI(data link set\(hyup)\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.6.1
- .ce
- When the DCE receives, during the information transfer phase, a
- .ce
- frame which is not invalid (see \(sc\ 2.3.5.3) with one of the conditions
- listed in \(sc\ 2.3.4.9 above, the DCE will request the DTE to initiate
- a data link resetting procedure by transmitting an FRMR response to the
- DTE as described in
- .ce
- \(sc\ 2.4.7.3.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.6.2
- .ce
- When the DCE receives, during the information transfer phase, an FRMR response
- from the DTE, the DCE will either initiate the data link
- .ce
- resetting procedures itself as described in \(sc\ 2.4.7.2 or return a DM
- response to ask the DTE to initiate the data link set\(hyup (initialization)
- procedure as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1. After transmitting a DM response,
- the DCE will enter
- .ce
- the disconnected phase as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.4.2.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.6.3
- .ce
- When the DCE receives, during the information transfer phase, a UA response,
- or an unsolicited response with the F bit set to\ 1, the DCE may
- .ce
- either initiate the data link resetting procedures itself as described in
- .ce
- \(sc\ 2.4.7.2, or return a DM response to ask the DTE to initiate the data link
- .ce
- set\(hyup (initialization) procedure as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1. After
- transmitting a DM response, the DCE will enter the disconnected phase as
- described in
- .ce
- \(sc\ 2.4.4.4.2.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.6.4
- .ce
- When the DCE receives, during the information transfer phase, a DM response
- from the DTE, the DCE will either initiate the data link set\(hyup
- .ce
- (initialization) procedures itself as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1, or return
- a DM
- .ce
- response to ask the DTE to initiate the data link set\(hyup (initialization)
- .ce
- procedures as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1. After transmitting a DM response,
- the DCE will enter the disconnected phase as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.4.2.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.4.7
- .ce
- \fILAPB procedure for data link resetting\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.7.1
- .ce
- The data link resetting procedure is used to initialize both
- .ce
- directions of information transfer according to the procedure described
- below. The data link resetting procedure only applies during the information
- transfer phase.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.7.2
- .ce
- Either the DTE or the DCE may initiate the data link resetting
- .ce
- procedure. The data link resetting procedure indicates a clearance of a DCE
- .ce
- and/or DTE busy condition, if present.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DTE shall initiate a data link resetting by transmitting an
- .ce
- SABM/SABME command to the DCE. If, upon correct receipt of the SABM/SABME
- .ce
- command, the DCE determines that it can continue in the information transfer
- .ce
- phase, it will return a UA response to the DTE, will reset its send and
- receive state variables V(S) and V(R) to zero, and will remain in the information
- .ce
- transfer phase. If, upon correct receipt of the SABM/SABME command, the DCE
- .ce
- determines that it cannot remain in the information transfer phase, it will
- .ce
- return a DM response as a denial to the resetting request and will enter the
- .ce
- disconnected phase.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE will initiate a data link resetting by transmitting an
- .ce
- SABM/SABME command to the DTE and starting its Timer\ T1 (see \(sc\ 2.4.8.1
- below). Upon reception of a UA response from the DTE, the DCE will reset
- its send and receive state variables V(S) and V(R) to zero, will stop its
- Timer\ T1, and will remain in the information transfer phase. Upon reception
- of a DM response from the DTE as a denial to the data link resetting request,
- the DCE will stop its Timer\ T1 and will enter the disconnected phase.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE, having sent an SABM/SABME command, will ignore and discard
- .ce
- any frames received from the DTE except an SABM/SABME or DISC command,
- or a UA or DM response. The receipt of an SABM/SABME or DISC command from
- the DTE will result in a collision situation that is resolved per \(sc\
- 2.4.4.5 above. Frames
- .ce
- other than the UA or DM response sent in response to a received SABM/SABME
- or DISC command will be sent only after the data link is reset and if no
- .ce
- outstanding SABM/SABME command exists.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- After the DCE sends the SABM/SABME command, if a UA or DM response is not
- received correctly, Timer\ T1 will run out in the DCE. The DCE will then
- .ce
- resend the SABM/SABME command and will restart Timer\ T1. After N2 attempts
- to reset the data link, the DCE will initiate appropriate higher layer
- recovery
- .ce
- action and will enter the disconnected phase. The value of N2 is defined in
- .ce
- \(sc\ 2.4.8.4 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.7.3
- .ce
- The DCE may ask the DTE to reset the data link by transmitting an FRMR
- response (see \(sc\ 2.4.6.1 above). After transmitting an FRMR response,
- .ce
- the DCE will enter the frame rejection condition.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The frame rejection condition is cleared when the DCE receives an SABM/SABME
- command, a DISC command, a FRMR response, or a DM response; or if
- .ce
- the DCE transmits an SABM/SABME command, a DISC command, or a DM response.
- .ce
- Other commands received while in the frame rejection condition will cause
- the DCE to retransmit the FRMR response with the same information field
- as
- .ce
- originally transmitted.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE may start Timer\ T1 on transmission of the FRMR response. If
- .ce
- Timer\ T1 runs out before the frame rejection condition is cleared, the
- DCE may retransmit the FRMR response, and restart T1. After N2 attempts
- (time outs) to get the DTE to reset the data link, the DCE may reset the
- data link itself as described in \(sc\ 2.4.7.2 above. The value of N2 is
- defined in \(sc\ 2.4.8.4 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- In the frame rejection condition, I frames and supervisory frames will
- not be transmitted by the DCE. Also, received I frames and supervisory
- frames will be discarded by the DCE except for the observance of a P bit
- set to\ 1.
- .ce
- When an additional FRMR response must be transmitted by the DCE as a result
- of the receipt of a P\ bit set to 1 while Timer\ T1 is running, Timer\
- T1 will
- .ce
- continue to run. Upon reception of an FRMR response (even during a frame
- .ce
- rejection condition), the DCE will initiate a resetting procedure by
- .ce
- transmitting an SABM/SABME command as described in \(sc\ 2.4.7.2 above, or will
- .ce
- transmit a DM response to ask the DTE to initiate the data link set\(hyup
- .ce
- procedure as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1 and enter the disconnected phase.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.8
- .ce
- \fIList of \fR
- .ce
- \fILAPB system parameters\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE and DTE system parameters are as follows:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.4.8.1
- .ce
- \fITimer\fR
- .ce
- \fIT1\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The value of the DTE Timer T1 system parameter may be different
- .ce
- than the value of the DCE Timer T1 system parameter. These values shall
- be made known to both the DTE and the DCE, and agreed to for a period of
- time by both the DTE and the DCE.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The period of Timer T1, at the end of which retransmission of a frame may
- be initiated (see \(sc\ 2.4.4 and \(sc\ 2.4.5 above for the DCE), shall
- take into account whether T1 is started at the beginning or the end of
- the transmission of a frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The proper operation of the procedure requires that the transmitter's (DCE
- or DTE) Timer\ T1 be greater than the maximum time between transmission
- of a frame (SABM/SABME, DISC, I\ or supervisory command, or DM or FRMR
- response)
- .ce
- and the reception of the corresponding frame returned as an answer to that
- .ce
- frame (UA, DM or acknowledging frame). Therefore, the receiver (DCE or DTE)
- .ce
- should not delay the response or acknowledging frame returned to one of the
- .ce
- above frames by more than a value\ T2, where T2 is a system parameter (see
- .ce
- \(sc\ 2.4.8.2).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- The DCE will not delay the response or acknowledging frame returned to
- one of the above DTE frames by more than a period\ T2.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.8.2
- .ce
- \fIParameter T2\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The value of the DTE parameter T2 may be different than the value of the
- DCE parameter T2. These values shall be made known to both the DTE and
- the DCE, and agreed to for a period of time by both the DTE and the DCE.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- The period of parameter T2 shall indicate the amount of time
- .ce
- available at the DCE or DTE before the acknowledging frame must be initiated
- in order to ensure its receipt by the DTE or DCE, respectively, prior to
- Timer\ T1 running out at the DTE or DCE (parameter\ T2\ <\ Timer\ T1).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- \fINote\fR
- .ce
- \ \(em\ The period of parameter T2 shall take into account the
- .ce
- following timing factors: the transmission time of the acknowledging frame,
- the propagation time over the access data link, the stated processing times
- at the DCE and the DTE, and the time to complete the transmission of the
- frame(s) in the DCE or DTE transmit queue that are neither displaceable
- or modifiable in an orderly manner.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- Given a value for Timer T1 for the DTE or DCE, the value of parameter T2
- at the DCE or DTE, respectively, must be no larger than T1 minus\ 2 times
- the propagation time over the access data link, minus the frame processing
- time at the DCE, minus the frame processing time at the DTE, and minus
- the transmission time of the acknowledging frame by the DCE or DTE, respectively.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.4.8.3
- .ce
- \fITimer T3\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE shall support a Timer T3 system parameter, the value of
- .ce
- which shall be made known to the DTE.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The period of Timer T3, at the end of which an indication of an
- .ce
- observed excessively long idle channel state condition is passed to the
- Packet Layer, shall be sufficiently greater than the period of the DCE
- Timer T1
- .ce
- (i.e.\ T3\ >\ T1) so that the expiration of T3 provides the desired level of
- .ce
- assurance that the data link channel is in a non\(hyactive, non\(hyoperational
- state, and is in need of data link set\(hyup before normal data link operation
- can
- .ce
- resume.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.8.4
- .ce
- \fIMaximum number of attempts\fR
- .ce
- \fIto complete a\fR
- .ce
-
- .ce
- \fItransmission N2\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- The value of the DTE N2 system parameter may be different than the value
- of the DCE N2 system parameter. These values shall be made known to both
- the DTE and the DCE, and agreed to for a period of time by both the DTE
- and the DCE.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The value of N2 shall indicate the maximum number of attempts made by the
- DCE or DTE to complete the successful transmission of a frame to the DTE
- or DCE, respectively.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.8.5
- .ce
- \fIMaximum number of bits in an I frame N1\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The value of the DTE N1 system parameter may be different than the value
- of the DCE N1 system parameter. These values shall be made known to both
- the DTE and the DCE.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The values of N1 shall indicate the maximum number of bits in an
- .ce
- I\ frame (excluding flags and 0\ bits inserted for transparency) that the
- DCE or DTE is willing to accept from the DTE or DCE, respectively.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- In order to allow for universal operation, a DTE should support a
- .ce
- value of DTE N1 which is not less than 1080\ bits (135\ octets). DTEs should
- be aware that the network may transmit longer packets (see \(sc\ 5.2),
- that may result in a data link layer problem.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- All networks shall offer to a DTE which requires it, a value of DCE N1
- which is greater than or equal to 2072\ bits (259\ octets) plus the length
- of the address, control and FCS fields at the DTE/DCE interface, and greater
- than or equal to the maximum length of the data packets which may cross
- the DTE/DCE
- .ce
- interface plus the length of the address, control and FCS fields at the
- DTE/DCE interface.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Appendix II provides a description of how the values stated above are derived.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.8.6
- .ce
- \fIMaximum number of \fR
- .ce
- \fIoutstanding I frames k\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The value of the DTE k system parameter shall be the same as the
- .ce
- value of the DCE k system parameter. This value shall be agreed to for a
- .ce
- period of time by both the DTE and the DCE.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The value of k shall indicate the maximum number of sequentially
- .ce
- numbered I\ frames that the DTE or DCE may have outstanding
- .ce
- (i.e.\ unacknowledged) at any given time. The value of k shall never exceed
- .ce
- seven for modulo\ 8 operation, or one hundred and twenty\(hyseven for modulo\
- 128
- .ce
- operation. All networks (DCEs) shall support a value of seven. Other values
- of k (less than and greater than seven) may also be supported by networks
- .ce
- (DCEs).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- .line
- .ce
- \fBMONTAGE : \(sc 2.5 de cette Recommandation sur le reste de cette page\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- .line
- .ad r
- \fBTable 4/X.25 [T4/X.25], p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.3.2.1.1
- \fIInformation transfer format\fR \fI \(em I\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The I format is used to perform an information transfer. The
- functions of N(S), N(R) and P are independent; i.e.,\ each I\ frame has
- an N(S), an N(R) which may or may not acknowledge additional I\ frames
- received by the
- DCE or DTE, and a P\ bit that may be set to\ 0 or\ 1.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.3.2.1.2
- \fISupervisory format\fR \fI \(em S\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The S format is used to perform data link supervisory control
- functions such as acknowledge I\ frames, request retransmission of I\ frames,
- and to request a temporary suspension of transmission of I\ frames. The
- functions of N(R) and P/F are independent; i.e.,\ each supervisory frame
- has an N(R) which
- may or may not acknowledge additional I\ frames received by the DCE or\
- DTE, and a P/F\ bit that may be set to\ 0 or\ 1.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.3.2.1.3
- \fIUnnumbered format\fR \fI \(em U\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The U format is used to provide additional data link control
- functions. This format contains no sequence numbers, but does include a
- P/F\ bit that may be set to\ 0 or\ 1. The unnumbered frames have the same
- control field
- length (one octet) in both basic (modulo\ 8) operation and extended (modulo\
- 128) operation.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.3.2.2
- \fIControl field parameters\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The various parameters associated with the control field formats
- are described below.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.3.2.2.1
- \fIModulus\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Each I frame is sequentially numbered and may have the value\ 0
- through modulus minus\ 1 (where \*Qmodulus\*U is the modulus of the sequence
- numbers). The modulus equals either\ 8 or\ 128 and the sequence numbers cycle
- through the entire range.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.3.2.2.2
- \fISend state variable\fR \fI V(S)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The send state variable V(S) denotes the sequence number of the
- next in\(hysequence I\ frame to be transmitted. V(S) can take on the values\ 0
- through modulus minus\ 1. The value of V(S) is incremented by\ 1 with each
- successive I\ frame transmission, but cannot exceed the N(R) of the last
- received\ I or supervisory frame by more than the maximum number of outstanding
- I\ frames\ (\fIk\fR ). The value of\ k is defined in \(sc\ 2.4.8.6 below.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.3.2.2.3
- \fISend sequence number\fR \fI N(S)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Only I frames contain N(S), the send sequence number of transmitted I\
- frames. At the time that an in\(hysequence I\ frame is designated for
- transmission, the value of N(S) is set equal to the value of the send state
- variable\ V(S).
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.3.2.2.4
- \fIReceive state variable\fR \fIV(R)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The receive state variable V(R) denotes the sequence number of the next
- in\(hysequence I\ frame expected to be received. V(R) can take on the values
- 0 through modulus minus\ 1. The value of V(R) is incremented by\ 1 by the
- receipt of an error\(hyfree, in\(hysequence I\ frame whose send sequence
- number N(S) equals
- the receive state variable V(R).
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.3.2.2.5
- \fIReceive sequence number\fR \fI N(R)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- All I frames and supervisory frames contain N(R), the expected send sequence
- number of the next received I\ frame. At the time that a frame of the above
- types is designated for transmission, the value of N(R) is set equal to
- the current value of the receive state variable V(R). N(R) indicates that
- the DCE or DTE transmitting the N(R) has received correctly all I\ frames
- numbered up to and including N(R)\ \(em\ 1.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.3.2.2.6
- \fIPoll/Final bit\fR \fI P/F\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- All frames contain P/F, the Poll/Final bit. In command frames, the P/F
- bit is referred to as the P bit. In response frames, it is referred to
- as the F\ bit.
- .bp
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.3.3
- \fIFunctions of the Poll/Final bit\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The Poll bit set to 1 is used by the DCE or DTE to solicit (poll) a response
- from the DTE or DCE, respectively. The Final bit set to\ 1 is used by the
- DCE or DTE to indicate the response frame transmitted by the DTE or DCE,
- respectively, as a result of the soliciting (poll) command.
- .PP
- The use of the P/F bit is described in \(sc\ 2.4.3 below.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.3.4
- \fICommands and responses\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- For basic (modulo 8) operation, the commands and responses
- represented in Table\ 5/X.25 will be supported by the DCE and the\ DTE.
- .PP
- For extended (modulo 128) operation, the commands and responses
- represented in Table\ 6/X.25 will be supported by the DCE and the DTE.
- .RT
- .PP
- For purposes of the LAPB procedures, the supervisory function bit encoding
- \*Q11\*U and those encodings of the modifier function bits in
- Tables\ 3/X.25 and 4/X.25 not identified in Tables\ 5/X.25 or 6/X.25 are
- identified as \*Qundefined or not implemented\*U command and response control
- fields.
- .PP
- The commands and responses in Tables 5/X.25 and 6/X.25 are defined as follows:
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.3.4.1
- \fIInformation (I)\fR \fI command\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The function of the information (I) command is to transfer across a data
- link a sequentially numbered frame containing an information field.
- .RT
- .ce
- .line
- .ce
- \fBTable 5/X.25 [T5.25], p.\fR
- .ce
- .line
- .ce
- \fBTable 6/X.25 [T6.25], p.\fR
- .ce
- 2.3.4.2
- .ce
- \fIReceive ready (RR)\fR
- .ce
- \fI command and response\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The receive ready (RR) supervisory frame is used by the DCE
- .ce
- or DTE to:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 1)
- .ce
- indicate it is ready to receive an I frame; and
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2)
- .ce
- acknowledge previously received I frames numbered up to and
- .ce
- including N(R)\ \(em\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- An RR frame may be used to indicate the clearance of a busy
- .ce
- condition that was reported by the earlier transmission of an RNR frame
- by that same station (DCE or\ DTE). In addition to indicating the DCE or
- DTE status, the RR command with the P\ bit set to\ 1 may be used by the
- DCE or DTE to ask for the status of the DTE or DCE, respectively.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.4.3
- .ce
- \fIReceive not ready (RNR) command and response\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The receive not ready (RNR) supervisory frame is used by the DCE or DTE
- to indicate a busy condition; i.e.\ temporary inability to accept
- .ce
- additional incoming I\ frames. I\ frames numbered up to and including N(R)\
- \(em\ 1
- .ce
- are acknowledged. I\ frame N(R) and any subsequent I\ frames received, if any,
- .ce
- are not acknowledged; the acceptance status of these I\ frames will be
- indicated in subsequent exchanges.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- In addition to indicating the DCE or DTE status, the RNR command with the
- P bit set to\ 1 may be used by an DCE or DTE to ask for the status of the
- .ce
- DTE or DCE, respectively.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.4.4
- .ce
- \fIReject (REJ) command and response\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The reject (REJ) supervisory frame is used by the DCE or DTE to request
- transmission of I\ frames starting with the frame numbered N(R).
- .ce
- I\ frames numbered N(R)\ \(em\ 1 and below are acknowledged. Additional
- I\ frames
- .ce
- pending initial transmission may be transmitted following the retransmitted
- .ce
- I\ frame(s).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- Only one REJ exception condition for a given direction of information transfer
- may be established at any time. The REJ exception condition is cleared
- (reset) upon the receipt of an I\ frame with an N(S) equal to the N(R)
- of the
- .ce
- REJ\ frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- An REJ frame may be used to indicate the clearance of a busy condition
- that was reported by the earlier transmission of an RNR frame by that same
- .ce
- station (DCE or\ DTE). In addition to indicating the DCE or DTE status, the
- .ce
- REJ\ command with the P bit set to\ 1 may be used by the DCE or\ DTE to ask for
- .ce
- the status of the DTE or\ DCE, respectively.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- \fR
- .ce
- 2.3.4.5
- .ce
- \fISet asynchronous balanced mode (SABM)\fR
- .ce
- \fIcommand/\fR
- .ce
- \fISet asynchronous balanced mode extended (SABME)\fR
- .ce
-
- .ce
- \fIcommand (subscription time option)\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- The SABM unnumbered command is used to place the addressed DCE or DTE in
- an asynchronous balanced mode (ABM) information transfer phase where all
- command/response control fields will be one\ octet in length.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The SABME unnumbered command is used to place the addressed DCE or DTE
- in an asynchronous balanced mode\ (ABM) information transfer phase where
- .ce
- numbered command/response control fields will be two octets in length, and
- .ce
- unnumbered command/response control fields will be one octet in length.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- No information field is permitted with the SABM or SABME command. The transmission
- of a SABM/SABME command indicates the clearance of a busy
- .ce
- condition that was reported by the earlier trans
- .ce
- mission\ of an RNR\ frame by that
- .ce
- same station (DCE or\ DTE). The DCE or DTE confirms acceptance of SABM/SABME
- .ce
- [modulo\ 8 (basic) operation/modulo\ 128 (extended) operation] command by the
- .ce
- transmission, at the first opportunity, of a UA\ response. Upon acceptance of
- .ce
- this command, the DCE or DTE send state variable\ V(S) and receive state
- .ce
- variable V(R) are set to\ 0.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Previously transmitted I\ frames that are unacknowledged when this
- .ce
- command is actioned remain unac
- .ce
- knowledged.\ It is the responsibility of a
- .ce
- higher layer (e.g.\ Packet Layer or MLP) to recover from the possible loss of
- .ce
- the contents (e.g.\ packets) of such I\ frames.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- \fINote\fR
- .ce
- \ \(em\ The mode of operation of a data link [basic (modulo 8) or
- .ce
- extended (modulo\ 128)] is determined at subscription time and is only
- changed by going through a new subscription process.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.4.6
- .ce
- \fIDisconnect (DISC)\fR
- .ce
- \fI command\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DISC unnumbered command is used to terminate the mode
- .ce
- previously set. It is used to inform the DCE or DTE receiving the DISC
- command that the DTE or DCE sending the DISC command is suspending operation.
- No
- .ce
- information field is permitted with the DISC command. Prior to actioning the
- .ce
- DISC command, the DCE or DTE receiving the DISC command confirms the acceptance
- of the DISC command by the transmission of a UA response. The DTE or DCE
- .ce
- sending the DISC command enters the disconnected phase when it receives the
- .ce
- acknowledging UA response.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Previously transmitted I frames that are unacknowledged when this
- .ce
- command is actioned remain unacknowledged. It is the responsibility of
- a higher layer (e.g.\ Packet Layer or MLP) to recover from the possible
- loss of the
- .ce
- contents (e.g.,\ packets) of such I frames.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.4.7
- .ce
- \fIUnnumbered acknowledgement (UA)\fR
- .ce
- \fI response\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The UA unnumbered response is used by the DCE or DTE to acknowledge the
- receipt and acceptance of the mode\(hysetting commands. Received mode\(hysetting
- commands are not actioned until the UA response is transmitted. The
- .ce
- transmission of a UA response indicates the clearance of a busy condition
- that was reported by the earlier transmission of an RNR frame by that same
- station (DCE or DTE). No information field is permitted with the UA response.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.3.4.8
- .ce
- \fIDisconnected mode (DM)\fR
- .ce
- \fI response\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DM unnumbered response is used to report a status where the DCE or
- DTE is logically disconnected from the data link, and is in the disconnected
- phase. The DM response may be sent to indicate that the DCE or DTE has
- entered the disconnected phase without benefit of having received a DISC
- command, or, if sent in response to the reception of a mode setting command,
- is sent to
- .ce
- inform the DTE or DCE that the DCE or DTE, respectively, is still in the
- .ce
- disconnected phase and cannot execute the set mode command. No information
- .ce
- field is permitted with the DM response.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- A DCE or DTE in a disconnected phase will monitor received commands
- .ce
- and will react to an SABM/SABME command as outlined in \(sc\ 2.4.4 below,
- and will respond with a DM response with the F bit set to\ 1 to any other
- command
- .ce
- received with the P\ bit set to\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.4.9
- .ce
- \fIFrame reject (FRMR)\fR
- .ce
- \fI response\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The FRMR unnumbered response is used by the DCE or DTE to report an error
- condition not recoverable by retransmission of the identical frame;
- .ce
- i.e.\ at least one of the following conditions, which results from the
- receipt of a valid frame:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 1)
- .ce
- the receipt of a command or response control field that is
- .ce
- undefined or not implemented;
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2)
- .ce
- the receipt of an I frame with an information field which
- .ce
- exceeds the maximum established length;
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 3)
- .ce
- the receipt of an invalid N(R); or
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 4)
- .ce
- the receipt of a frame with an information field which is
- .ce
- not permitted or the receipt of a supervisory or unnumbered
- .ce
- frame with incorrect length.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- An undefined or not implemented control field is any of the
- .ce
- control field encodings that are not identified in Tables\ 5/X.25 or\ 6/X.25.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- A valid N(R) must be within the range from the lowest send sequence
- .ce
- number N(S) of the still unacknowledged frame(s) to the current DCE send
- state variable inclusive (or to the current internal variable \fIx\fR
- .ce
- if the DCE is in
- .ce
- the timer recovery condition as described in \(sc\ 2.4.5.9).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- An information field which immediately follows the control field, and consists
- of\ 3 or 5\ octets [modulo\ 8 (basic) operation or modulo\ 128 (extended)
- operation, respectively], is returned with this response and provides the
- .ce
- reason for the FRMR response. These formats are given in Tables\ 7/X.25
- .ce
- and\ 8/X.25.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.5
- .ce
- \fIException condition reporting and recovery\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The error recovery procedures which are available to effect
- .ce
- recovery following the detection/occurrence of an
- .ce
- exception condition
- .ce
- at the Data Link Layer are described below. Exception conditions described
- are those situations which may occur as the result of transmission errors,
- DCE or DTE malfunction, or operational situations.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.5.1
- .ce
- \fIBusy condition\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The busy condition results when the DCE or DTE is temporarily
- .ce
- unable to continue to receive I frames due to internal constraints,
- .ce
- e.g.\ receive buffering limitations. In this case an RNR frame is transmitted
- .ce
- from the busy DCE or DTE. I\ frames pending transmission may be transmitted
- from the busy DCE or DTE prior to or following the RNR\ frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- An indication that the busy condition has cleared is communicated by the
- transmission of a UA (only in response to a SABM/SABME command), RR, REJ
- or SABM/SABME (modulo\ 8/modulo\ 128) frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- .line
- .ce
- \fBTable 7/X.25 [T7.25], p.\fR
- .ce
- .line
- .ce
- \fBTable 8/X.25 [T8.25], p.\fR
- .ce
- 2.3.5.2
- .ce
- \fIN(S) sequence error condition\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The information field of all I frames received whose N(S) does not equal
- the receive state variable V(R) will be discarded.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- An N(S) sequence error exception condition occurs in the receiver when
- an I\ frame received contains an N(S) which is not equal to the receive
- state
- .ce
- variable V(R) at the receiver. The receiver does not acknowledge (increment
- its receive state variable) the I\ frame causing the sequence error, or
- any I\ frame which may follow, until an I\ frame with the correct N(S)
- is received.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- A DCE or DTE which receives one or more valid I frames having sequence
- errors or subsequent supervisory frames (RR, RNR and REJ) shall accept
- the
- .ce
- control information contained in the N(R) field and the P or F bit to perform
- data link control functions; e.g.\ to receive acknowledgement of previously
- .ce
- transmitted I\ frames and to cause the DCE or DTE to respond (P bit set to 1).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- The means specified in \(sc\(sc\ 2.3.5.2.1 and 2.3.5.2.2 shall be available
- for initiating the retransmission of lost or errored I\ frames following
- the
- .ce
- occurrence of an N(S) sequence error condition.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.5.2.1
- .ce
- \fIREJ recovery\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The REJ frame is used by a receiving DCE or DTE to initiate a
- .ce
- recovery (retransmission) following the detection of an N(S) sequence error.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- With respect to each direction of transmission on the data link, only one
- \*Qsent REJ\*U exception condition from a DCE or DTE, to a DTE or DCE,
- is
- .ce
- established at a time. A \*Qsent REJ\*U exception condition is cleared when the
- .ce
- requested I\ frame is received.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- A DCE or DTE receiving a REJ frame initiates sequential
- .ce
- (re\(hy)transmission of I\ frames starting with the I\ frame indicated
- by the N(R) contained in the REJ frame. The retransmitted frames may contain
- an N(R) and a P bit that are updated from, and therefore different from,
- the ones contained in the originally transmitted I\ frames.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.5.2.2
- .ce
- \fITime\(hyout recovery\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If a DCE or DTE, due to a transmission error, does not receive (or receives
- and discards) a single I\ frame or the last I\ frame(s) in a sequence of
- I\ frames, it will not detect an N(S) sequence error condition and, therefore,
- will not transmit a REJ frame. The DTE or DCE which transmitted the
- .ce
- unacknowledged I\ frame(s) shall, following the completion of a system
- specified time\(hyout period (see \(sc\(sc\ 2.4.5.1 and 2.4.5.9 below),
- take appropriate recovery action to determine at which I\ frame retransmission
- must begin. The
- .ce
- retransmitted frame(s) may contain an N(R) and a P bit that is updated from,
- .ce
- and therefore different from, the ones contained in the originally transmitted
- frame(s).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.5.3
- .ce
- \fIInvalid frame\fR
- .ce
- \fI condition\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Any frame which is invalid will be discarded, and no action is
- .ce
- taken as the result of that frame. An invalid frame is defined as one
- .ce
- which:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- a)
- .ce
- is not properly bounded by two flags;
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- b)
- .ce
- in basic (modulo 8) operation, contains fewer than 32 bits
- .ce
- between flags; in extended (modulo\ 128) operation, contains
- .ce
- fewer than 40\ bits between flags of frames that contain sequence
- .ce
- numbers or 32\ bits between flags of frames that do not contain
- .ce
- sequence numbers;
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- c)
- .ce
- contains a Frame Check Sequence (FCS) error; or
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- d)
- .ce
- contains an address other than A or B (for single link
- .ce
- operation) or other than C or D (for multilink operation).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- For those networks that are octet aligned, a detection of
- .ce
- non\(hyoctet alignment may be made at the Data Link Layer by adding a frame
- .ce
- validity check that requires the number of bits between the opening flag and
- .ce
- the closing flag, excluding bits inserted for transparency, to be an integral
- number of octets in length, or the frame is considered invalid.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.5.4
- .ce
- \fIFrame rejection\fR
- .ce
- \fI condition\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- A frame rejection condition is established upon the receipt of an error\(hyfree
- frame with one of the conditions listed in \(sc\ 2.3.4.9 above.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- At the DCE or DTE, this frame rejection exception condition is
- .ce
- reported by an FRMR response for appropriate DTE or DCE action, respectively.
- Once a DCE has established such an exception condition, no additional I\
- frames are accepted until the condition is reset by the DTE, except for
- examination of the P bit. The FRMR response may be repeated at each opportunity,
- as specified in \(sc\ 2.4.7.3, until recovery is effected by the DTE, or
- until the DCE initiates its own recovery in case the DTE does not respond.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.5.5
- .ce
- \fIExcessive idle channel state condition on incoming\fR
- .ce
-
- .ce
- \fIchannel\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Upon detection of an idle channel state condition (see \(sc\ 2.2.12.2 above)
- on the incoming channel, the DCE shall wait for a period\ T3 (see
- .ce
- \(sc\ 2.4.8.3 below) without taking any specific action, waiting for detection
- of a return to the active channel state (i.e.,\ detection of at least one
- flag
- .ce
- sequence). After the period\ T3, the DCE shall notify the higher layer
- (e.g.\ the Packet Layer or the MLP) of the excessive idle channel state
- condition, but
- .ce
- shall not take any action that would preclude the DTE from establishing the
- .ce
- data link by normal data link set\(hyup procedures.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- \fINote\fR
- .ce
- \ \(em\ Other actions to be taken by the DCE at the Data Link Layer upon
- expiration of period\ T3 is a subject for further study.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.4
- .ce
- \fIDescription of the \fR
- .ce
- \fILAPB procedure\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.1
- .ce
- \fILAPB basic and extended modes of operation\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- In accordance with the system choice made by the DTE at
- .ce
- subscription time, the DCE will either support modulo\ 8 (basic) operation or
- .ce
- will support modulo\ 128 (extended) operation. Changing from basic operation
- to extended operation, or vice versa, in the DCE requires resubscription
- by the
- .ce
- DTE for the desired service, and is not supported dynamically.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Table 5/X.25 indicates the command and response control field formats used
- with the basic (modulo\ 8) service. The mode\(hysetting command employed
- to
- .ce
- initialize (set up) or reset the basic mode is the SABM command. Table
- 6/X.25 indicates the command and response control field formats used with
- the extended (modulo\ 128) service. The mode\(hysetting command employed
- to initialize (set up) or reset the extended mode is the SABME command.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.2
- .ce
- \fILAPB procedure for addressing\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The address field identifies a frame as either a command or a
- .ce
- response. A command frame contains the address of the DCE or DTE to which
- the command is being sent. A response frame contains the address of the
- DCE or DTE sending the frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- In order to allow differentiation between single link operation and
- .ce
- the optional multilink operation for diagnostic and/or maintenance reasons,
- .ce
- different address pair encodings are assigned to data links operating with
- .ce
- multilink procedure compared to data links operating with the single link
- .ce
- procedure.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Frames containing commands transferred from the DCE to the DTE will
- .ce
- contain the address\ A for the single link operation and address\ C for the
- .ce
- multilink operation.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Frames containing responses transferred from the DCE to the DTE will contain
- the address\ B for the single link operation and address\ D for the
- .ce
- multilink operation.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- Frames containing commands transferred from the DTE to the DCE shall contain
- the address\ B for the single link operation and address\ D for the
- .ce
- multilink operation.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Frames containing responses transferred from the DTE to the DCE shall contain
- the address\ A for the single link operation and address\ C for the
- .ce
- multilink operation.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- These addresses are coded as follows:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Address
- .ce
- 1\ 2\ 3\ 4\ 5\ 6\ 7\ 8
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Single link operation
- .ce
- \ \ A
- .ce
- 1\ 1\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0
- .ce
- .line
- .ce
- \ \ B
- .ce
- 1\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Multilink operation
- .ce
- \ \ C
- .ce
- 1\ 1\ 1\ 1\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0
- .ce
- .line
- .ce
- \ \ D
- .ce
- 1\ 1\ 1\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- \fINote\fR
- .ce
- \ \(em\ The DCE will discard all frames received with an address other
- than\ A or\ B (single link operation), or\ C or\ D (multilink operation).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.3
- .ce
- \fILAPB procedure for the use of the P/F bit\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE or DTE receiving an SABM/SABME, DISC, supervisory command or I\
- frame with the P\ bit set to\ 1 will set the F\ bit to\ 1 in the next response
- frame it transmits.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The response frame returned by the DCE to an SABM/SABME or DISC
- .ce
- command with the P\ bit set to\ 1 will be a UA or DM response with the
- F\ bit set to\ 1. The response frame returned by the DCE to an I\ frame
- with the P\ bit set to\ 1, received during the information transfer phase,
- will be an RR, REJ, RNR or FRMR response with the F\ bit set to\ 1. The
- response frame returned by the
- .ce
- DCE to a supervisory command with the P\ bit set to\ 1, received during the
- .ce
- information transfer phase, will be an RR, REJ, RNR or FRMR response with
- the F\ bit set to\ 1. The response frame returned by the DCE to an I\ frame
- or
- .ce
- supervisory frame with the P\ bit set to\ 1, received during the disconnected
- .ce
- phase, will be a DM response with the F\ bit set to\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The P bit may be used by the DCE in conjunction with the timer
- .ce
- recovery condition (see \(sc\ 2.4.5.9 below).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- \fINote\fR
- .ce
- \ \(em\ Other use of the P bit by the DCE is a subject for further
- .ce
- study.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4
- .ce
- \fILAPB procedure for data link set\(hyup and disconnection\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.4.4.1
- .ce
- \fIData link set\(hyup\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE will indicate that it is able to set up the data link by
- .ce
- transmitting contiguous flags (active channel state).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Either the DTE or the DCE may initiate data link set\(hyup. Prior to
- .ce
- initiation of data link set\(hyup, either the DCE or the DTE may initiate data
- .ce
- link
- .ce
- disconnection (see \(sc\ 2.4.4.3) for the purpose of insuring that the
- DCE and the DTE are in the same phase. The DCE may also transmit an unsolicited
- DM response to request the DTE to initiate data link set\(hyup.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DTE shall initiate data link set\(hyup by transmitting an SABM/SABME
- command to the DCE. If, upon receipt of the SABM/SABME command correctly,
- the DCE determines that it can enter the information transfer phase, it
- will return a UA response to the DTE, will reset its send and receive state
- variables V(S) and V(R) to zero, and will consider that the data link is
- set up. If, upon
- .ce
- receipt
- .ce
- of the SABM/SABME command correctly, the DCE determines that it cannot enter
- .ce
- the information transfer phase, it will return a DM response to the DTE as a
- .ce
- denial to the data link set\(hyup initialization and will consider that the
- .ce
- data link is
- .ce
- \fInot\fR
- .ce
- set up. In order to avoid misinterpretation of the DM response received,
- it is suggested that the DTE always sends its SABM/SABME command with the
- P\ bit set to\ 1. Otherwise, it is not possible to differentiate a DM response
- intended as a denial to data link set\(hyup from a DM response that is
- issued in a separate unsolicited sense as a request for a mode\(hysetting
- command (as described
- .ce
- in\ \(sc\ 2.4.4.4.2).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE will initiate data link set\(hyup by transmitting an SABM/SABME
- command to the DTE and starting its Timer\ T1 in order to determine when
- too
- .ce
- much time has elapsed waiting for a reply (see \(sc\ 2.4.8.1 below). Upon
- reception of a UA response from the DTE, the DCE will reset its send and
- receive state
- .ce
- variables\ V(S) and\ V(R) to zero, will stop its Timer\ T1, and will consider
- that the data link is set up. Upon reception of a DM response from the
- DTE as a
- .ce
- denial
- .ce
- to the data link set\(hyup initialization, the DCE will stop its Timer\
- T1 and will consider that the data link is \fInot\fR
- .ce
- set up.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- The DCE, having sent the SABM/SABME command, will ignore and discard any
- frames except an SABM/SABME or DISC command, or a UA or DM response
- .ce
- received from the DTE. The receipt of an SABM/SABME or DISC command from the
- .ce
- DTE will result in a collision situation that is resolved per \(sc\ 2.4.4.5
- below. Frames other than the UA and DM responses sent in response to a
- received
- .ce
- SABM/SABME or DISC command will be sent only after the data link is set
- up and if no outstanding SABM/SABME command exists.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- After the DCE sends the SABM/SABME command, if a UA or DM response is not
- received correctly, Timer\ T1 will run out in the DCE. The DCE will then
- .ce
- resend the SABM/SABME command and will restart Timer\ T1. After transmission
- of the SABM/SABME command N2 times by the DCE, appropriate higher layer
- recovery action will be initiated. The value of N2 is defined in \(sc\
- 2.4.8.4 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4.2
- .ce
- \fIInformation transfer phase\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- After having transmitted the UA response to the SABM/SABME command or having
- received the UA response to a transmitted SABM/SABME command, the DCE will
- accept and transmit I and supervisory frames according to the procedures
- described in \(sc\ 2.4.5 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- When receiving the SABM/SABME command while in the information
- .ce
- transfer phase, the DCE will conform to the data link resetting procedure
- .ce
- described in \(sc\ 2.4.7 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4.3
- .ce
- \fIData link disconnection\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DTE shall initiate a disconnect of the data link by
- .ce
- transmitting a DISC command to the DCE. On correctly receiving a DISC command
- in the information transfer phase, the DCE will send a UA response and
- enter
- .ce
- the disconnected phase. On correctly receiving a DISC command in the
- .ce
- disconnected phase, the DCE will send a DM response and remain in the
- .ce
- disconnected phase. In order to avoid misinterpretation of the DM response
- .ce
- received, it is suggested that the DTE always sends its DISC command with
- the P\ bit set to\ 1. Otherwise, it is not possible to differentiate a
- DM response
- .ce
- intended as an indication that the DCE is already in the disconnected phase
- .ce
- from a DM response that is issued in a separate unsolicited sense as a
- request for a mode\(hysetting command (as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.4.2).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- The DCE will initiate a disconnect of the data link by transmitting a DISC
- command to the DTE and starting its Timer\ T1 (see \(sc\ 2.4.8.1 below).
- Upon reception of an UA response from the DTE, the DCE will stop its Timer\
- T1 and
- .ce
- will enter the disconnected phase. Upon reception of a DM response from
- the DTE as an indication that the DTE was already in the disconnected phase,
- the DCE
- .ce
- will stop its Timer\ T1 and will enter the disconnected phase.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE, having sent the DISC command, will ignore and discard any
- .ce
- frames except an SABM/SABME or DISC command, or a UA or DM response received
- .ce
- from the DTE. The receipt of an SABM/SABME or DISC command from the DTE will
- .ce
- result in a collision situation that is resolved per \(sc\ 2.4.4.5 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- After the DCE sends the DISC command, if a UA or DM response is not
- .ce
- received correctly, Timer\ T1 will run out in the DCE. The DCE will then
- resend the DISC command and will restart Timer\ T1. After transmission
- of the DISC
- .ce
- command N2 times by the DCE, appropriate higher layer recovery action will
- be initiated. The value of N2 is defined in \(sc\ 2.4.8.4 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4.4
- .ce
- \fIDisconnected phase\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4.4.1
- .ce
- After having received a DISC command from the DTE and
- .ce
- returned a UA response to the DTE, or having received the UA response to a
- .ce
- transmitted DISC command, the DCE will enter the disconnected phase.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- In the disconnected phase, the DCE may initiate data link set\(hyup. In
- the disconnected phase, the DCE will react to the receipt of an SABM/SABME
- command as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1 above and will transmit a DM response
- in
- .ce
- answer to a received DISC command. When receiving any other command (defined,
- or undefined or not implemented) with the P\ bit set to\ 1, the DCE will
- transmit a DM response with the F\ bit set to\ 1. Other frames received
- in the
- .ce
- disconnected phase will be ignored by the DCE.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4.4.2
- .ce
- When the DCE enters the disconnected phase after
- .ce
- detecting error conditions as listed in \(sc\ 2.4.6 below, or after an internal
- .ce
- malfunction, it may indicate this by sending a DM response rather than
- a DISC command. In these cases, the DCE will transmit a DM response and
- start its
- .ce
- Timer\ T1 (see \(sc\ 2.4.8.1 below).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If Timer T1 runs out before the reception of an SABM/SABME or DISC command
- from the DTE, the DCE will retransmit the DM response and restart
- .ce
- Timer\ T1. After transmission of the DM response N2 times, the DCE will
- remain in the disconnected phase and appropriate recovery actions will
- be initiated. The value of N2 is defined in \(sc\ 2.4.8.4 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Alternatively, after an internal malfunction, the DCE may either
- .ce
- initiate a data link resetting procedure (see \(sc\ 2.4.7 below) or disconnect
- the data link (see \(sc\ 2.4.4.3 above) prior to initiating a data link
- set\(hyup
- .ce
- procedure (see \(sc\ 2.4.4.1 above).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4.5
- .ce
- \fICollision of unnumbered commands\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Collision situations shall be resolved in the following way:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4.5.1
- .ce
- If the sent and received unnumbered commands are the
- .ce
- same, the DCE and the DTE shall each send the UA response at the earliest
- .ce
- possible opportunity. The DCE shall enter the indicated phase either,
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 1)
- .ce
- after receiving the UA response,
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2)
- .ce
- after sending the UA response, or
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 3)
- .ce
- after timing out waiting for the UA response having sent a
- .ce
- UA response.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- In the case of 2) above, the DCE will accept a subsequent UA
- .ce
- response to the mode\(hysetting command it issued without causing an exception
- .ce
- condition if received within the time\(hyout interval.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.4.4.5.2
- .ce
- If the sent and received unnumbered commands are
- .ce
- different, the DCE and the DTE shall each enter the disconnected phase and
- .ce
- issue a DM response at the earliest possible opportunity.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4.6
- .ce
- \fICollision of DM response with SABM/SABME or DISC\fR
- .ce
-
- .ce
- \fIcommand\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- When a DM response is issued by the DCE or DTE as an unsolicited
- .ce
- response to request the DTE or DCE, respectively, to issue a mode\(hysetting
- .ce
- command as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.4, a collision between an SABM/SABME
- or DISC
- .ce
- command and the unsolicited DM response may occur. In order to avoid
- .ce
- misinterpretation of the DM response received, the DTE always sends its
- .ce
- SABM/SABME or DISC command with the P\ bit set to\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4.7
- .ce
- \fICollision of DM responses\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- A contention situation may occur when both the DCE and the DTE
- .ce
- issue a DM response to request a mode\(hysetting command. In this case, the DTE
- .ce
- will issue an SABM/SABME command to resolve the contention situation.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.4.5
- .ce
- \fILAPB procedures for information transfer\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The procedures which apply to the transmission of I\ frames in each direction
- during the information transfer phase are described below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- In the following, \*Qnumber one higher\*U is in reference to a
- .ce
- continuously repeated sequence series, i.e., 7 is 1\ higher than 6 and 0 is
- .ce
- 1\ higher than 7 for modulo\ 8 series, and 127 is 1\ higher than 126 and 0 is
- .ce
- 1\ higher than 127 for modulo\ 128 series.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.5.1
- .ce
- \fISending I frames\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- When the DCE has an I frame to transmit (i.e. an I frame not
- .ce
- already transmitted, or having to be retransmitted as described in \(sc\
- 2.4.5.6
- .ce
- below), it will transmit it with an N(S) equal to its current send state
- .ce
- variable V(S), and an N(R) equal to its current receive state variable
- V(R). At the end of the transmission of the I\ frame, the DCE will increment
- its send
- .ce
- state variable V(S) by\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If Timer T1 is not running at the time of transmission of an I frame, it
- will be started.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If the send state variable V(S) is equal to the last value of N(R)
- .ce
- received plus \fIk\fR
- .ce
- (where \fIk\fR
- .ce
- is the maximum number of outstanding I\ frames \(em
- .ce
- see \(sc\ 2.4.8.6 below), the DCE will not transmit any new I\ frames, but may
- .ce
- retransmit an I\ frame as described in \(sc\(sc\ 2.4.5.6 or 2.4.5.9 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- When the DCE is in the busy condition, it may still transmit I frames,
- provided that the DTE is not busy. When the DCE is in the frame rejection
- .ce
- condition, it will stop transmitting I\ frames.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.5.2
- .ce
- \fIReceiving an I frame\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.5.2.1
- .ce
- When the DCE is not in a busy condition and receives a valid I\ frame whose
- send sequence number N(S) is equal to the DCE receive state
- .ce
- variable V(R), the DCE will accept the information field of this frame,
- .ce
- increment by one its receive state variable V(R), and act as follows:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- a)
- .ce
- If the DCE is still not in a busy condition:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- i)
- .ce
- If an I frame is available for transmission by the
- .ce
- DCE, it may act as in \(sc\ 2.4.5.1 above and acknowledge
- .ce
- the received I frame by setting N(R) in the control field
- .ce
- of the next transmitted I\ frame to the value of the DCE
- .ce
- receive state variable V(R). Alternatively, the DCE may
- .ce
- acknowledge the received I\ frame by transmitting an RR
- .ce
- frame with the N(R) equal to the value of the DCE receive
- .ce
- state variable V(R).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- ii)
- .ce
- If no I frame is available for transmission by the
- .ce
- DCE, it will transmit an RR frame with N(R) equal to the
- .ce
- value of the DCE receive state variable V(R).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- b)
- .ce
- If the DCE is now in a busy condition, it will transmit an
- .ce
- RNR frame with N(R) equal to the value of the DCE receive
- .ce
- state variable V(R) (see \(sc\ 2.4.5.8).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.4.5.2.2
- .ce
- When the DCE is in a busy condition, it may ignore the
- .ce
- information field contained in any received I\ frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.5.3
- .ce
- \fIReception of invalid frames\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- When the DCE receives an invalid frame (see \(sc\ 2.3.5.3), this frame
- will be discarded.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.5.4
- .ce
- \fIReception of out\(hyof\(hysequence I frames\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- When the DCE receives a valid I frame whose send sequence number
- .ce
- N(S) is incorrect, i.e.,\ not equal to the current DCE receive state variable
- .ce
- V(R), it will discard the information field of the I\ frame and transmit
- an REJ frame with the N(R) set to one higher than the N(S) of the last
- correctly
- .ce
- received I\ frame. The REJ frame will be a command frame with the P\ bit
- set to\ 1 if an acknowledged transfer of the retransmission request is
- required;
- .ce
- otherwise the REJ frame may be either a command or a response frame. The DCE
- .ce
- will then discard the information field of all I\ frames received until the
- .ce
- expected I\ frame is correctly received. When receiving the expected I\ frame,
- .ce
- the DCE will then acknowledge the I\ frame as described in \(sc\ 2.4.5.2
- above. The DCE will use the N(R) and P\ bit information in the discarded
- I\ frames as
- .ce
- described in \(sc\ 2.3.5.2 above.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.5.5
- .ce
- \fIReceiving acknowledgement\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- When correctly receiving an I frame or a supervisory frame (RR, RNR or
- REJ), even in the busy condition, the DCE will consider the N(R) contained
- in this frame as an acknowledgement for all I\ frames it has transmitted
- with an N(S) up to and including the received N(R)\(em1. The DCE will stop
- Timer\ T1 when it correctly receives an I\ frame or a supervisory frame
- with the N(R) higher
- .ce
- than the last received N(R) (actually acknowledging some I\ frames), or
- an REJ frame with an N(R) equal to the last received N(R).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- If Timer T1 has been stopped by the receipt on an I, RR or RNR frame, and
- if there are outstanding I\ frames still unacknowledged, the DCE will
- .ce
- restart Timer\ T1. If Timer\ T1 then runs out, the DCE will follow the
- recovery procedure (\(sc\ 2.4.5.9 below) with respect to the unacknowledged
- I\ frames. If
- .ce
- Timer\ T1 has been stopped by the receipt of an REJ frame, the DCE will
- follow the retransmission procedures in \(sc\ 2.4.5.6 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.5.6
- .ce
- \fIReceiving an REJ frame\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- When receiving an REJ frame, the DCE will set its send state
- .ce
- variable V(S) to the N(R) received in the REJ control field. It will transmit
- the corresponding I\ frame as soon as it is available or retransmit it
- in
- .ce
- accordance with the procedures described in \(sc\ 2.4.5.1 above. (Re)transmission
- will conform to the following procedure:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- i)
- .ce
- if the DCE is transmitting a supervisory command or response
- .ce
- when it receives the REJ frame, it will complete that
- .ce
- transmission before commencing transmission of the requested
- .ce
- I\ frame;
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- ii)
- .ce
- if the DCE is transmitting an unnumbered command or
- .ce
- response when it receives the REJ frame, it will ignore the
- .ce
- request for retransmission;
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- iii)
- .ce
- if the DCE is transmitting an I frame when the REJ frame
- .ce
- is received, it may abort the I\ frame and commence transmission
- .ce
- of the requested I\ frame immediately after abortion;
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- iv)
- .ce
- if the DCE is not transmitting any frame when the REJ frame
- .ce
- is received, it will commence transmission of the requested
- .ce
- I\ frame immediately.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- In all cases, if other unacknowledged I frames had already been
- .ce
- transmitted following the one indicated in the REJ frame, then those I
- frames will be retransmitted by the DCE following the retransmission of
- the requested I\ frame. Other I\ frames not yet transmitted may be transmitted
- following the
- .ce
- retransmitted I\ frames.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If the REJ frame was received from the DTE as a command with the P bit
- set to\ 1, the DCE will transmit an RR, RNR or REJ response with the F
- bit set to\ 1 before transmitting or retransmitting the corresponding I\
- frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.5.7
- .ce
- \fIReceiving an RNR frame\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- After receiving an RNR frame whose N(R) acknowledges all frames
- .ce
- previously transmitted, the DCE will stop Timer\ T1 and may then transmit
- .ce
- an I\ frame, with the P\ bit set to\ 0, whose send sequence number is
- .ce
- equal to the N(R) indicated in the RNR frame, restarting Timer\ T1 as it
- does. After receiving an RNR frame whose N(R) indicates a previously transmitted
- .ce
- frame, the DCE will not transmit or retransmit any I\ frame, Timer\ T1 being
- .ce
- already running. In either case, if the Timer\ T1 runs out before receipt
- of a busy clearance indication, the DCE will follow the procedure described
- in
- .ce
- \(sc\ 2.4.5.9\ below. In any case, the DCE will not transmit any other
- I\ frames
- .ce
- before receiving an RR or REJ frame, or before the completion of a link
- .ce
- resetting procedure.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Alternatively, after receiving an RNR frame, the DCE may wait for a
- .ce
- period of time (e.g.,\ the length of the Timer\ T1) and then transmit a
- .ce
- supervisory command frame (RR, RNR or REJ) with the P\ bit set to\ 1, and
- start Timer\ T1, in order to determine if there is any change in the receive
- status of the DTE. The DTE shall respond to the P\ bit set to\ 1 with a
- supervisory
- .ce
- response frame (RR, RNR or REJ) with the F\ bit set to\ 1 indicating either
- .ce
- continuance of the busy condition (RNR) or clearance of the busy condition
- (RR or REJ). Upon receipt of the DTE response, Timer\ T1 is stopped.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 1)
- .ce
- If the response is the RR or REJ response, the busy
- .ce
- condition is cleared and the DCE may transmit I\ frames beginning
- .ce
- with the I\ frame identified by the N(R) in the received response
- .ce
- frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2)
- .ce
- If the response is the RNR response, the busy condition
- .ce
- still exists, and the DCE will after a period of time (e.g.\ the
- .ce
- length of Timer\ T1) repeat the enquiry of the DTE receive
- .ce
- status.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If Timer T1 runs out before a status response is received, the
- .ce
- enquiry process above is repeated. If N2 attempts to get a status response
- fail (i.e.\ Timer\ T1 runs out N2\ times), the DCE will initiate a data
- link resetting procedure as described in \(sc\ 2.4.7.2\ below or will transmit
- a DM response to ask the DTE to initiate a data link set\(hyup procedure
- as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1 and enter the disconnected phase. The value
- of N2 is defined in \(sc\ 2.4.8.4\ below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- If, at any time during the enquiry process, an unsolicited RR or REJ frame
- is received from the DTE, it will be considered to be an indication of
- .ce
- clearance of the busy condition. Should the unsolicited RR or REJ frame be a
- .ce
- command frame with the P bit set to\ 1, the appropriate response frame
- with the F\ bit set to 1 must be transmitted before the DCE may resume
- transmission of
- .ce
- I\ frames. If Timer\ T1 is running, the DCE will wait for the non\(hybusy
- response with the F bit set to\ 1 or will wait for Timer\ T1 to run out
- and then either
- .ce
- may reinitiate the enquiry process in order to realize a successful P/F bit
- .ce
- exchange or may resume transmission of I frames beginning with the I\ frame
- .ce
- identified by the N(R) in the received RR or REJ frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.5.8
- .ce
- \fIDCE busy condition\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- When the DCE enters a busy condition, it will transmit an RNR frame at
- the earliest opportunity. The RNR frame will be a command frame with the
- P bit set to\ 1 if an acknowledged transfer of the busy condition indication
- is
- .ce
- required; otherwise the RNR frame may be either a command or a response
- frame. While in the busy condition, the DCE will accept and process supervisory
- .ce
- frames, will accept and process the contents of the N(R) fields of I\ frames,
- .ce
- and will return an RNR response with the F bit set to\ 1 if it receives a
- .ce
- supervisory command or I command frame with the P bit set to\ 1. To clear the
- .ce
- busy condition, the DCE will transmit either an REJ frame or an RR frame, with
- .ce
- N(R) set to the current receive state variable V(R), depending on whether or
- .ce
- not it discarded information fields of correctly received I\ frames. The REJ
- .ce
- frame or the RR frame will be a command frame with the P bit set to\ 1 if an
- .ce
- acknowledged transfer of the busy\(hyto\(hynon\(hybusy transition is required,
- otherwise the REJ frame or the RR frame may be either a command or a response
- frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.4.5.9
- .ce
- \fIWaiting acknowledgement\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE maintains an internal transmission attempt variable which is set
- to\ 0 when the DCE sends a UA response, when the DCE receives a UA
- .ce
- response or an RNR command or response, or when the DCE correctly receives
- an I\ frame or supervisory frame with the N(R) higher than the last received
- N(R) (actually acknowledging some outstanding I\ frames).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If Timer T1 runs out waiting for the acknowledgement from the DTE for an
- I\ frame transmitted, the DCE will enter the timer recovery condition,
- add
- .ce
- one to its transmission attempt variable and set an internal variable \fIx\fR
- .ce
- to
- .ce
- the current value of its send state variable V(S). The DCE will then restart
- .ce
- Timer T1, set its send state variable V(S) to the last value of N(R) received
- from the DTE and retransmit the corresponding I\ frame with the P bit set
- to\ 1, or transmit an appropriate supervisory command frame (RR, RNR or
- REJ) with the P\ bit set to\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- The timer recovery condition is cleared when the DCE receives a valid supervisory
- frame with the F\ bit\ set to\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If, while in the timer recovery condition, the DCE correctly receives a
- supervisory frame with the F bit set to\ 1 and with the N(R) within the
- range from its current send state variable V(S) to \fIx\fR
- .ce
- included, it will clear the
- .ce
- timer recovery condition (including stopping Timer\ T1) and set its send
- state variable V(S) to the value of the received N(R), and may then resume
- with
- .ce
- I\ frame transmission or retransmission, as appropriate.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If, while in the timer recovery condition, the DCE correctly receives an
- I or supervisory frame with the P/F bit set to\ 0 and with a valid N(R)
- (see \(sc\ 2.3.4.9), it will not clear the timer recovery condition. The
- value of the
- .ce
- received N(R) may be used to update the send state variable V(S). However,
- the DCE may decide to keep the last transmitted I\ frame in store (even
- if it is
- .ce
- acknowledged) in order to be able to retransmit it with the P bit set to\
- 1 when Timer\ T1 runs out at a later time.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- If the received supervisory frame with the P/F bit set to\ 0 is an REJ
- frame with a valid N(R), the DCE may either immediately initiate
- .ce
- (re)transmission from the value of the send state variable V(S), or it may
- .ce
- ignore the request for retransmission and wait until the supervisory frame
- with the F bit set to\ 1 is received before initiating (re)transmission
- of frames
- .ce
- from the value identified in the N(R) field of the supervisory frame with
- the F\ bit set to\ 1. In the case of immediate retransmission, in order
- to prevent
- .ce
- duplicate retransmissions following the clearance of the timer recovery
- .ce
- condition, the DCE shall inhibit retransmission of a specific I\ frame [same
- .ce
- N(R) in the same numbering cycle] if the DCE has retransmitted that I\
- frame as the result of a received REJ frame with the P/F bit set to\ 0.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If, while in the timer recovery condition, the DCE receives a REJ
- .ce
- command with the P bit set to\ 1, the DCE will respond immediately with an
- .ce
- appropriate supervisory response with the F bit set to\ 1. The DCE may
- then use the value of the N(R) in the REJ command to update the send state
- variable
- .ce
- V(S), and may either immediately begin (re)transmission from the value N(R)
- .ce
- indicated in the REJ frame or ignore the request for retransmission and wait
- .ce
- until the supervisory frame with the F bit set to\ 1 is received before
- .ce
- initiating (re)transmission of I\ frames from the value identified in the
- N(R) field of the supervisory frame with the F\ bit set to\ 1. In the case
- of
- .ce
- immediate retransmission, in order to prevent duplicate retransmissions
- .ce
- following the clearance of the timer recovery condition, the DCE shall
- inhibit retransmission of a specific I\ frame [same N(R) in the same numbering
- cycle]
- .ce
- if the DCE has retransmitted that I\ frame as the result of the received REJ
- .ce
- command with the P\ bit set to\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If Timer T1 runs out in the timer recovery condition, and no I or
- .ce
- supervisory frame with the P/F bit set to 0 and with a valid N(R) has been
- .ce
- received, or no REJ command with the P bit set to\ 1 and with a valid N(R)
- has been received, the DCE will add one to its transmission attempt variable,
- .ce
- restart Timer\ T1, and either retransmit the I frame sent with the P bit set
- .ce
- to\ 1 or transmit an appropriate supervisory command with the P bit set to\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- If the transmission attempt variable is equal to N2, the DCE will
- .ce
- initiate a data link resetting procedure as described in \(sc\ 2.4.7.2
- below, or
- .ce
- will transmit a DM response to ask the DTE to initiate a data link set\(hyup
- .ce
- procedure as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1 above and enter the disconnected
- phase. N2 is a system parameter (see \(sc\ 2.4.8.4 below).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- \fINote\fR
- .ce
- \ \(em\ Although the DCE may implement the internal variable \fIx\fR
- .ce
- ,
- .ce
- other mechanisms do exist that achieve the identical function.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.6
- .ce
- \fILAPB conditions for \fR
- .ce
- \fIdata link resetting or data link\fR
- .ce
-
- .ce
- \fIre\(hyinitialization\fR
- .ce
- \fI(data link set\(hyup)\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.6.1
- .ce
- When the DCE receives, during the information transfer phase, a
- .ce
- frame which is not invalid (see \(sc\ 2.3.5.3) with one of the conditions
- listed in \(sc\ 2.3.4.9 above, the DCE will request the DTE to initiate
- a data link resetting procedure by transmitting an FRMR response to the
- DTE as described in
- .ce
- \(sc\ 2.4.7.3.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.6.2
- .ce
- When the DCE receives, during the information transfer phase, an FRMR response
- from the DTE, the DCE will either initiate the data link
- .ce
- resetting procedures itself as described in \(sc\ 2.4.7.2 or return a DM
- response to ask the DTE to initiate the data link set\(hyup (initialization)
- procedure as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1. After transmitting a DM response,
- the DCE will enter
- .ce
- the disconnected phase as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.4.2.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.6.3
- .ce
- When the DCE receives, during the information transfer phase, a UA response,
- or an unsolicited response with the F bit set to\ 1, the DCE may
- .ce
- either initiate the data link resetting procedures itself as described in
- .ce
- \(sc\ 2.4.7.2, or return a DM response to ask the DTE to initiate the data link
- .ce
- set\(hyup (initialization) procedure as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1. After
- transmitting a DM response, the DCE will enter the disconnected phase as
- described in
- .ce
- \(sc\ 2.4.4.4.2.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.6.4
- .ce
- When the DCE receives, during the information transfer phase, a DM response
- from the DTE, the DCE will either initiate the data link set\(hyup
- .ce
- (initialization) procedures itself as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1, or return
- a DM
- .ce
- response to ask the DTE to initiate the data link set\(hyup (initialization)
- .ce
- procedures as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1. After transmitting a DM response,
- the DCE will enter the disconnected phase as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.4.2.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.4.7
- .ce
- \fILAPB procedure for data link resetting\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.7.1
- .ce
- The data link resetting procedure is used to initialize both
- .ce
- directions of information transfer according to the procedure described
- below. The data link resetting procedure only applies during the information
- transfer phase.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.7.2
- .ce
- Either the DTE or the DCE may initiate the data link resetting
- .ce
- procedure. The data link resetting procedure indicates a clearance of a DCE
- .ce
- and/or DTE busy condition, if present.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DTE shall initiate a data link resetting by transmitting an
- .ce
- SABM/SABME command to the DCE. If, upon correct receipt of the SABM/SABME
- .ce
- command, the DCE determines that it can continue in the information transfer
- .ce
- phase, it will return a UA response to the DTE, will reset its send and
- receive state variables V(S) and V(R) to zero, and will remain in the information
- .ce
- transfer phase. If, upon correct receipt of the SABM/SABME command, the DCE
- .ce
- determines that it cannot remain in the information transfer phase, it will
- .ce
- return a DM response as a denial to the resetting request and will enter the
- .ce
- disconnected phase.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE will initiate a data link resetting by transmitting an
- .ce
- SABM/SABME command to the DTE and starting its Timer\ T1 (see \(sc\ 2.4.8.1
- below). Upon reception of a UA response from the DTE, the DCE will reset
- its send and receive state variables V(S) and V(R) to zero, will stop its
- Timer\ T1, and will remain in the information transfer phase. Upon reception
- of a DM response from the DTE as a denial to the data link resetting request,
- the DCE will stop its Timer\ T1 and will enter the disconnected phase.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE, having sent an SABM/SABME command, will ignore and discard
- .ce
- any frames received from the DTE except an SABM/SABME or DISC command,
- or a UA or DM response. The receipt of an SABM/SABME or DISC command from
- the DTE will result in a collision situation that is resolved per \(sc\
- 2.4.4.5 above. Frames
- .ce
- other than the UA or DM response sent in response to a received SABM/SABME
- or DISC command will be sent only after the data link is reset and if no
- .ce
- outstanding SABM/SABME command exists.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- After the DCE sends the SABM/SABME command, if a UA or DM response is not
- received correctly, Timer\ T1 will run out in the DCE. The DCE will then
- .ce
- resend the SABM/SABME command and will restart Timer\ T1. After N2 attempts
- to reset the data link, the DCE will initiate appropriate higher layer
- recovery
- .ce
- action and will enter the disconnected phase. The value of N2 is defined in
- .ce
- \(sc\ 2.4.8.4 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.7.3
- .ce
- The DCE may ask the DTE to reset the data link by transmitting an FRMR
- response (see \(sc\ 2.4.6.1 above). After transmitting an FRMR response,
- .ce
- the DCE will enter the frame rejection condition.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The frame rejection condition is cleared when the DCE receives an SABM/SABME
- command, a DISC command, a FRMR response, or a DM response; or if
- .ce
- the DCE transmits an SABM/SABME command, a DISC command, or a DM response.
- .ce
- Other commands received while in the frame rejection condition will cause
- the DCE to retransmit the FRMR response with the same information field
- as
- .ce
- originally transmitted.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE may start Timer\ T1 on transmission of the FRMR response. If
- .ce
- Timer\ T1 runs out before the frame rejection condition is cleared, the
- DCE may retransmit the FRMR response, and restart T1. After N2 attempts
- (time outs) to get the DTE to reset the data link, the DCE may reset the
- data link itself as described in \(sc\ 2.4.7.2 above. The value of N2 is
- defined in \(sc\ 2.4.8.4 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- In the frame rejection condition, I frames and supervisory frames will
- not be transmitted by the DCE. Also, received I frames and supervisory
- frames will be discarded by the DCE except for the observance of a P bit
- set to\ 1.
- .ce
- When an additional FRMR response must be transmitted by the DCE as a result
- of the receipt of a P\ bit set to 1 while Timer\ T1 is running, Timer\
- T1 will
- .ce
- continue to run. Upon reception of an FRMR response (even during a frame
- .ce
- rejection condition), the DCE will initiate a resetting procedure by
- .ce
- transmitting an SABM/SABME command as described in \(sc\ 2.4.7.2 above, or will
- .ce
- transmit a DM response to ask the DTE to initiate the data link set\(hyup
- .ce
- procedure as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1 and enter the disconnected phase.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.8
- .ce
- \fIList of \fR
- .ce
- \fILAPB system parameters\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE and DTE system parameters are as follows:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.4.8.1
- .ce
- \fITimer\fR
- .ce
- \fIT1\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The value of the DTE Timer T1 system parameter may be different
- .ce
- than the value of the DCE Timer T1 system parameter. These values shall
- be made known to both the DTE and the DCE, and agreed to for a period of
- time by both the DTE and the DCE.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The period of Timer T1, at the end of which retransmission of a frame may
- be initiated (see \(sc\ 2.4.4 and \(sc\ 2.4.5 above for the DCE), shall
- take into account whether T1 is started at the beginning or the end of
- the transmission of a frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The proper operation of the procedure requires that the transmitter's (DCE
- or DTE) Timer\ T1 be greater than the maximum time between transmission
- of a frame (SABM/SABME, DISC, I\ or supervisory command, or DM or FRMR
- response)
- .ce
- and the reception of the corresponding frame returned as an answer to that
- .ce
- frame (UA, DM or acknowledging frame). Therefore, the receiver (DCE or DTE)
- .ce
- should not delay the response or acknowledging frame returned to one of the
- .ce
- above frames by more than a value\ T2, where T2 is a system parameter (see
- .ce
- \(sc\ 2.4.8.2).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- The DCE will not delay the response or acknowledging frame returned to
- one of the above DTE frames by more than a period\ T2.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.8.2
- .ce
- \fIParameter T2\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The value of the DTE parameter T2 may be different than the value of the
- DCE parameter T2. These values shall be made known to both the DTE and
- the DCE, and agreed to for a period of time by both the DTE and the DCE.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- The period of parameter T2 shall indicate the amount of time
- .ce
- available at the DCE or DTE before the acknowledging frame must be initiated
- in order to ensure its receipt by the DTE or DCE, respectively, prior to
- Timer\ T1 running out at the DTE or DCE (parameter\ T2\ <\ Timer\ T1).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- \fINote\fR
- .ce
- \ \(em\ The period of parameter T2 shall take into account the
- .ce
- following timing factors: the transmission time of the acknowledging frame,
- the propagation time over the access data link, the stated processing times
- at the DCE and the DTE, and the time to complete the transmission of the
- frame(s) in the DCE or DTE transmit queue that are neither displaceable
- or modifiable in an orderly manner.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- Given a value for Timer T1 for the DTE or DCE, the value of parameter T2
- at the DCE or DTE, respectively, must be no larger than T1 minus\ 2 times
- the propagation time over the access data link, minus the frame processing
- time at the DCE, minus the frame processing time at the DTE, and minus
- the transmission time of the acknowledging frame by the DCE or DTE, respectively.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.4.8.3
- .ce
- \fITimer T3\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE shall support a Timer T3 system parameter, the value of
- .ce
- which shall be made known to the DTE.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The period of Timer T3, at the end of which an indication of an
- .ce
- observed excessively long idle channel state condition is passed to the
- Packet Layer, shall be sufficiently greater than the period of the DCE
- Timer T1
- .ce
- (i.e.\ T3\ >\ T1) so that the expiration of T3 provides the desired level of
- .ce
- assurance that the data link channel is in a non\(hyactive, non\(hyoperational
- state, and is in need of data link set\(hyup before normal data link operation
- can
- .ce
- resume.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.8.4
- .ce
- \fIMaximum number of attempts\fR
- .ce
- \fIto complete a\fR
- .ce
-
- .ce
- \fItransmission N2\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- The value of the DTE N2 system parameter may be different than the value
- of the DCE N2 system parameter. These values shall be made known to both
- the DTE and the DCE, and agreed to for a period of time by both the DTE
- and the DCE.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The value of N2 shall indicate the maximum number of attempts made by the
- DCE or DTE to complete the successful transmission of a frame to the DTE
- or DCE, respectively.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.8.5
- .ce
- \fIMaximum number of bits in an I frame N1\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The value of the DTE N1 system parameter may be different than the value
- of the DCE N1 system parameter. These values shall be made known to both
- the DTE and the DCE.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The values of N1 shall indicate the maximum number of bits in an
- .ce
- I\ frame (excluding flags and 0\ bits inserted for transparency) that the
- DCE or DTE is willing to accept from the DTE or DCE, respectively.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- In order to allow for universal operation, a DTE should support a
- .ce
- value of DTE N1 which is not less than 1080\ bits (135\ octets). DTEs should
- be aware that the network may transmit longer packets (see \(sc\ 5.2),
- that may result in a data link layer problem.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- All networks shall offer to a DTE which requires it, a value of DCE N1
- which is greater than or equal to 2072\ bits (259\ octets) plus the length
- of the address, control and FCS fields at the DTE/DCE interface, and greater
- than or equal to the maximum length of the data packets which may cross
- the DTE/DCE
- .ce
- interface plus the length of the address, control and FCS fields at the
- DTE/DCE interface.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Appendix II provides a description of how the values stated above are derived.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.8.6
- .ce
- \fIMaximum number of \fR
- .ce
- \fIoutstanding I frames k\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The value of the DTE k system parameter shall be the same as the
- .ce
- value of the DCE k system parameter. This value shall be agreed to for a
- .ce
- period of time by both the DTE and the DCE.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The value of k shall indicate the maximum number of sequentially
- .ce
- numbered I\ frames that the DTE or DCE may have outstanding
- .ce
- (i.e.\ unacknowledged) at any given time. The value of k shall never exceed
- .ce
- seven for modulo\ 8 operation, or one hundred and twenty\(hyseven for modulo\
- 128
- .ce
- operation. All networks (DCEs) shall support a value of seven. Other values
- of k (less than and greater than seven) may also be supported by networks
- .ce
- (DCEs).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- .line
- .ce
- \fBMONTAGE : \(sc 2.5 de cette Recommandation sur le reste de cette page\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- .line
- .ad r
- \fBTable 5/X.25 [T5.25], p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .ce
- .line
- .ce
- \fBTable 6/X.25 [T6.25], p.\fR
- .ce
- 2.3.4.2
- .ce
- \fIReceive ready (RR)\fR
- .ce
- \fI command and response\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The receive ready (RR) supervisory frame is used by the DCE
- .ce
- or DTE to:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 1)
- .ce
- indicate it is ready to receive an I frame; and
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2)
- .ce
- acknowledge previously received I frames numbered up to and
- .ce
- including N(R)\ \(em\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- An RR frame may be used to indicate the clearance of a busy
- .ce
- condition that was reported by the earlier transmission of an RNR frame
- by that same station (DCE or\ DTE). In addition to indicating the DCE or
- DTE status, the RR command with the P\ bit set to\ 1 may be used by the
- DCE or DTE to ask for the status of the DTE or DCE, respectively.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.4.3
- .ce
- \fIReceive not ready (RNR) command and response\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The receive not ready (RNR) supervisory frame is used by the DCE or DTE
- to indicate a busy condition; i.e.\ temporary inability to accept
- .ce
- additional incoming I\ frames. I\ frames numbered up to and including N(R)\
- \(em\ 1
- .ce
- are acknowledged. I\ frame N(R) and any subsequent I\ frames received, if any,
- .ce
- are not acknowledged; the acceptance status of these I\ frames will be
- indicated in subsequent exchanges.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- In addition to indicating the DCE or DTE status, the RNR command with the
- P bit set to\ 1 may be used by an DCE or DTE to ask for the status of the
- .ce
- DTE or DCE, respectively.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.4.4
- .ce
- \fIReject (REJ) command and response\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The reject (REJ) supervisory frame is used by the DCE or DTE to request
- transmission of I\ frames starting with the frame numbered N(R).
- .ce
- I\ frames numbered N(R)\ \(em\ 1 and below are acknowledged. Additional
- I\ frames
- .ce
- pending initial transmission may be transmitted following the retransmitted
- .ce
- I\ frame(s).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- Only one REJ exception condition for a given direction of information transfer
- may be established at any time. The REJ exception condition is cleared
- (reset) upon the receipt of an I\ frame with an N(S) equal to the N(R)
- of the
- .ce
- REJ\ frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- An REJ frame may be used to indicate the clearance of a busy condition
- that was reported by the earlier transmission of an RNR frame by that same
- .ce
- station (DCE or\ DTE). In addition to indicating the DCE or DTE status, the
- .ce
- REJ\ command with the P bit set to\ 1 may be used by the DCE or\ DTE to ask for
- .ce
- the status of the DTE or\ DCE, respectively.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- \fR
- .ce
- 2.3.4.5
- .ce
- \fISet asynchronous balanced mode (SABM)\fR
- .ce
- \fIcommand/\fR
- .ce
- \fISet asynchronous balanced mode extended (SABME)\fR
- .ce
-
- .ce
- \fIcommand (subscription time option)\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- The SABM unnumbered command is used to place the addressed DCE or DTE in
- an asynchronous balanced mode (ABM) information transfer phase where all
- command/response control fields will be one\ octet in length.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The SABME unnumbered command is used to place the addressed DCE or DTE
- in an asynchronous balanced mode\ (ABM) information transfer phase where
- .ce
- numbered command/response control fields will be two octets in length, and
- .ce
- unnumbered command/response control fields will be one octet in length.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- No information field is permitted with the SABM or SABME command. The transmission
- of a SABM/SABME command indicates the clearance of a busy
- .ce
- condition that was reported by the earlier trans
- .ce
- mission\ of an RNR\ frame by that
- .ce
- same station (DCE or\ DTE). The DCE or DTE confirms acceptance of SABM/SABME
- .ce
- [modulo\ 8 (basic) operation/modulo\ 128 (extended) operation] command by the
- .ce
- transmission, at the first opportunity, of a UA\ response. Upon acceptance of
- .ce
- this command, the DCE or DTE send state variable\ V(S) and receive state
- .ce
- variable V(R) are set to\ 0.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Previously transmitted I\ frames that are unacknowledged when this
- .ce
- command is actioned remain unac
- .ce
- knowledged.\ It is the responsibility of a
- .ce
- higher layer (e.g.\ Packet Layer or MLP) to recover from the possible loss of
- .ce
- the contents (e.g.\ packets) of such I\ frames.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- \fINote\fR
- .ce
- \ \(em\ The mode of operation of a data link [basic (modulo 8) or
- .ce
- extended (modulo\ 128)] is determined at subscription time and is only
- changed by going through a new subscription process.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.4.6
- .ce
- \fIDisconnect (DISC)\fR
- .ce
- \fI command\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DISC unnumbered command is used to terminate the mode
- .ce
- previously set. It is used to inform the DCE or DTE receiving the DISC
- command that the DTE or DCE sending the DISC command is suspending operation.
- No
- .ce
- information field is permitted with the DISC command. Prior to actioning the
- .ce
- DISC command, the DCE or DTE receiving the DISC command confirms the acceptance
- of the DISC command by the transmission of a UA response. The DTE or DCE
- .ce
- sending the DISC command enters the disconnected phase when it receives the
- .ce
- acknowledging UA response.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Previously transmitted I frames that are unacknowledged when this
- .ce
- command is actioned remain unacknowledged. It is the responsibility of
- a higher layer (e.g.\ Packet Layer or MLP) to recover from the possible
- loss of the
- .ce
- contents (e.g.,\ packets) of such I frames.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.4.7
- .ce
- \fIUnnumbered acknowledgement (UA)\fR
- .ce
- \fI response\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The UA unnumbered response is used by the DCE or DTE to acknowledge the
- receipt and acceptance of the mode\(hysetting commands. Received mode\(hysetting
- commands are not actioned until the UA response is transmitted. The
- .ce
- transmission of a UA response indicates the clearance of a busy condition
- that was reported by the earlier transmission of an RNR frame by that same
- station (DCE or DTE). No information field is permitted with the UA response.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.3.4.8
- .ce
- \fIDisconnected mode (DM)\fR
- .ce
- \fI response\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DM unnumbered response is used to report a status where the DCE or
- DTE is logically disconnected from the data link, and is in the disconnected
- phase. The DM response may be sent to indicate that the DCE or DTE has
- entered the disconnected phase without benefit of having received a DISC
- command, or, if sent in response to the reception of a mode setting command,
- is sent to
- .ce
- inform the DTE or DCE that the DCE or DTE, respectively, is still in the
- .ce
- disconnected phase and cannot execute the set mode command. No information
- .ce
- field is permitted with the DM response.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- A DCE or DTE in a disconnected phase will monitor received commands
- .ce
- and will react to an SABM/SABME command as outlined in \(sc\ 2.4.4 below,
- and will respond with a DM response with the F bit set to\ 1 to any other
- command
- .ce
- received with the P\ bit set to\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.4.9
- .ce
- \fIFrame reject (FRMR)\fR
- .ce
- \fI response\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The FRMR unnumbered response is used by the DCE or DTE to report an error
- condition not recoverable by retransmission of the identical frame;
- .ce
- i.e.\ at least one of the following conditions, which results from the
- receipt of a valid frame:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 1)
- .ce
- the receipt of a command or response control field that is
- .ce
- undefined or not implemented;
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2)
- .ce
- the receipt of an I frame with an information field which
- .ce
- exceeds the maximum established length;
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 3)
- .ce
- the receipt of an invalid N(R); or
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 4)
- .ce
- the receipt of a frame with an information field which is
- .ce
- not permitted or the receipt of a supervisory or unnumbered
- .ce
- frame with incorrect length.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- An undefined or not implemented control field is any of the
- .ce
- control field encodings that are not identified in Tables\ 5/X.25 or\ 6/X.25.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- A valid N(R) must be within the range from the lowest send sequence
- .ce
- number N(S) of the still unacknowledged frame(s) to the current DCE send
- state variable inclusive (or to the current internal variable \fIx\fR
- .ce
- if the DCE is in
- .ce
- the timer recovery condition as described in \(sc\ 2.4.5.9).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- An information field which immediately follows the control field, and consists
- of\ 3 or 5\ octets [modulo\ 8 (basic) operation or modulo\ 128 (extended)
- operation, respectively], is returned with this response and provides the
- .ce
- reason for the FRMR response. These formats are given in Tables\ 7/X.25
- .ce
- and\ 8/X.25.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.5
- .ce
- \fIException condition reporting and recovery\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The error recovery procedures which are available to effect
- .ce
- recovery following the detection/occurrence of an
- .ce
- exception condition
- .ce
- at the Data Link Layer are described below. Exception conditions described
- are those situations which may occur as the result of transmission errors,
- DCE or DTE malfunction, or operational situations.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.5.1
- .ce
- \fIBusy condition\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The busy condition results when the DCE or DTE is temporarily
- .ce
- unable to continue to receive I frames due to internal constraints,
- .ce
- e.g.\ receive buffering limitations. In this case an RNR frame is transmitted
- .ce
- from the busy DCE or DTE. I\ frames pending transmission may be transmitted
- from the busy DCE or DTE prior to or following the RNR\ frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- An indication that the busy condition has cleared is communicated by the
- transmission of a UA (only in response to a SABM/SABME command), RR, REJ
- or SABM/SABME (modulo\ 8/modulo\ 128) frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- .line
- .ce
- \fBTable 7/X.25 [T7.25], p.\fR
- .ce
- .line
- .ce
- \fBTable 8/X.25 [T8.25], p.\fR
- .ce
- 2.3.5.2
- .ce
- \fIN(S) sequence error condition\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The information field of all I frames received whose N(S) does not equal
- the receive state variable V(R) will be discarded.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- An N(S) sequence error exception condition occurs in the receiver when
- an I\ frame received contains an N(S) which is not equal to the receive
- state
- .ce
- variable V(R) at the receiver. The receiver does not acknowledge (increment
- its receive state variable) the I\ frame causing the sequence error, or
- any I\ frame which may follow, until an I\ frame with the correct N(S)
- is received.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- A DCE or DTE which receives one or more valid I frames having sequence
- errors or subsequent supervisory frames (RR, RNR and REJ) shall accept
- the
- .ce
- control information contained in the N(R) field and the P or F bit to perform
- data link control functions; e.g.\ to receive acknowledgement of previously
- .ce
- transmitted I\ frames and to cause the DCE or DTE to respond (P bit set to 1).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- The means specified in \(sc\(sc\ 2.3.5.2.1 and 2.3.5.2.2 shall be available
- for initiating the retransmission of lost or errored I\ frames following
- the
- .ce
- occurrence of an N(S) sequence error condition.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.5.2.1
- .ce
- \fIREJ recovery\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The REJ frame is used by a receiving DCE or DTE to initiate a
- .ce
- recovery (retransmission) following the detection of an N(S) sequence error.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- With respect to each direction of transmission on the data link, only one
- \*Qsent REJ\*U exception condition from a DCE or DTE, to a DTE or DCE,
- is
- .ce
- established at a time. A \*Qsent REJ\*U exception condition is cleared when the
- .ce
- requested I\ frame is received.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- A DCE or DTE receiving a REJ frame initiates sequential
- .ce
- (re\(hy)transmission of I\ frames starting with the I\ frame indicated
- by the N(R) contained in the REJ frame. The retransmitted frames may contain
- an N(R) and a P bit that are updated from, and therefore different from,
- the ones contained in the originally transmitted I\ frames.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.5.2.2
- .ce
- \fITime\(hyout recovery\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If a DCE or DTE, due to a transmission error, does not receive (or receives
- and discards) a single I\ frame or the last I\ frame(s) in a sequence of
- I\ frames, it will not detect an N(S) sequence error condition and, therefore,
- will not transmit a REJ frame. The DTE or DCE which transmitted the
- .ce
- unacknowledged I\ frame(s) shall, following the completion of a system
- specified time\(hyout period (see \(sc\(sc\ 2.4.5.1 and 2.4.5.9 below),
- take appropriate recovery action to determine at which I\ frame retransmission
- must begin. The
- .ce
- retransmitted frame(s) may contain an N(R) and a P bit that is updated from,
- .ce
- and therefore different from, the ones contained in the originally transmitted
- frame(s).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.5.3
- .ce
- \fIInvalid frame\fR
- .ce
- \fI condition\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Any frame which is invalid will be discarded, and no action is
- .ce
- taken as the result of that frame. An invalid frame is defined as one
- .ce
- which:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- a)
- .ce
- is not properly bounded by two flags;
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- b)
- .ce
- in basic (modulo 8) operation, contains fewer than 32 bits
- .ce
- between flags; in extended (modulo\ 128) operation, contains
- .ce
- fewer than 40\ bits between flags of frames that contain sequence
- .ce
- numbers or 32\ bits between flags of frames that do not contain
- .ce
- sequence numbers;
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- c)
- .ce
- contains a Frame Check Sequence (FCS) error; or
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- d)
- .ce
- contains an address other than A or B (for single link
- .ce
- operation) or other than C or D (for multilink operation).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- For those networks that are octet aligned, a detection of
- .ce
- non\(hyoctet alignment may be made at the Data Link Layer by adding a frame
- .ce
- validity check that requires the number of bits between the opening flag and
- .ce
- the closing flag, excluding bits inserted for transparency, to be an integral
- number of octets in length, or the frame is considered invalid.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.5.4
- .ce
- \fIFrame rejection\fR
- .ce
- \fI condition\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- A frame rejection condition is established upon the receipt of an error\(hyfree
- frame with one of the conditions listed in \(sc\ 2.3.4.9 above.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- At the DCE or DTE, this frame rejection exception condition is
- .ce
- reported by an FRMR response for appropriate DTE or DCE action, respectively.
- Once a DCE has established such an exception condition, no additional I\
- frames are accepted until the condition is reset by the DTE, except for
- examination of the P bit. The FRMR response may be repeated at each opportunity,
- as specified in \(sc\ 2.4.7.3, until recovery is effected by the DTE, or
- until the DCE initiates its own recovery in case the DTE does not respond.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.5.5
- .ce
- \fIExcessive idle channel state condition on incoming\fR
- .ce
-
- .ce
- \fIchannel\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Upon detection of an idle channel state condition (see \(sc\ 2.2.12.2 above)
- on the incoming channel, the DCE shall wait for a period\ T3 (see
- .ce
- \(sc\ 2.4.8.3 below) without taking any specific action, waiting for detection
- of a return to the active channel state (i.e.,\ detection of at least one
- flag
- .ce
- sequence). After the period\ T3, the DCE shall notify the higher layer
- (e.g.\ the Packet Layer or the MLP) of the excessive idle channel state
- condition, but
- .ce
- shall not take any action that would preclude the DTE from establishing the
- .ce
- data link by normal data link set\(hyup procedures.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- \fINote\fR
- .ce
- \ \(em\ Other actions to be taken by the DCE at the Data Link Layer upon
- expiration of period\ T3 is a subject for further study.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.4
- .ce
- \fIDescription of the \fR
- .ce
- \fILAPB procedure\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.1
- .ce
- \fILAPB basic and extended modes of operation\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- In accordance with the system choice made by the DTE at
- .ce
- subscription time, the DCE will either support modulo\ 8 (basic) operation or
- .ce
- will support modulo\ 128 (extended) operation. Changing from basic operation
- to extended operation, or vice versa, in the DCE requires resubscription
- by the
- .ce
- DTE for the desired service, and is not supported dynamically.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Table 5/X.25 indicates the command and response control field formats used
- with the basic (modulo\ 8) service. The mode\(hysetting command employed
- to
- .ce
- initialize (set up) or reset the basic mode is the SABM command. Table
- 6/X.25 indicates the command and response control field formats used with
- the extended (modulo\ 128) service. The mode\(hysetting command employed
- to initialize (set up) or reset the extended mode is the SABME command.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.2
- .ce
- \fILAPB procedure for addressing\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The address field identifies a frame as either a command or a
- .ce
- response. A command frame contains the address of the DCE or DTE to which
- the command is being sent. A response frame contains the address of the
- DCE or DTE sending the frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- In order to allow differentiation between single link operation and
- .ce
- the optional multilink operation for diagnostic and/or maintenance reasons,
- .ce
- different address pair encodings are assigned to data links operating with
- .ce
- multilink procedure compared to data links operating with the single link
- .ce
- procedure.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Frames containing commands transferred from the DCE to the DTE will
- .ce
- contain the address\ A for the single link operation and address\ C for the
- .ce
- multilink operation.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Frames containing responses transferred from the DCE to the DTE will contain
- the address\ B for the single link operation and address\ D for the
- .ce
- multilink operation.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- Frames containing commands transferred from the DTE to the DCE shall contain
- the address\ B for the single link operation and address\ D for the
- .ce
- multilink operation.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Frames containing responses transferred from the DTE to the DCE shall contain
- the address\ A for the single link operation and address\ C for the
- .ce
- multilink operation.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- These addresses are coded as follows:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Address
- .ce
- 1\ 2\ 3\ 4\ 5\ 6\ 7\ 8
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Single link operation
- .ce
- \ \ A
- .ce
- 1\ 1\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0
- .ce
- .line
- .ce
- \ \ B
- .ce
- 1\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Multilink operation
- .ce
- \ \ C
- .ce
- 1\ 1\ 1\ 1\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0
- .ce
- .line
- .ce
- \ \ D
- .ce
- 1\ 1\ 1\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- \fINote\fR
- .ce
- \ \(em\ The DCE will discard all frames received with an address other
- than\ A or\ B (single link operation), or\ C or\ D (multilink operation).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.3
- .ce
- \fILAPB procedure for the use of the P/F bit\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE or DTE receiving an SABM/SABME, DISC, supervisory command or I\
- frame with the P\ bit set to\ 1 will set the F\ bit to\ 1 in the next response
- frame it transmits.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The response frame returned by the DCE to an SABM/SABME or DISC
- .ce
- command with the P\ bit set to\ 1 will be a UA or DM response with the
- F\ bit set to\ 1. The response frame returned by the DCE to an I\ frame
- with the P\ bit set to\ 1, received during the information transfer phase,
- will be an RR, REJ, RNR or FRMR response with the F\ bit set to\ 1. The
- response frame returned by the
- .ce
- DCE to a supervisory command with the P\ bit set to\ 1, received during the
- .ce
- information transfer phase, will be an RR, REJ, RNR or FRMR response with
- the F\ bit set to\ 1. The response frame returned by the DCE to an I\ frame
- or
- .ce
- supervisory frame with the P\ bit set to\ 1, received during the disconnected
- .ce
- phase, will be a DM response with the F\ bit set to\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The P bit may be used by the DCE in conjunction with the timer
- .ce
- recovery condition (see \(sc\ 2.4.5.9 below).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- \fINote\fR
- .ce
- \ \(em\ Other use of the P bit by the DCE is a subject for further
- .ce
- study.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4
- .ce
- \fILAPB procedure for data link set\(hyup and disconnection\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.4.4.1
- .ce
- \fIData link set\(hyup\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE will indicate that it is able to set up the data link by
- .ce
- transmitting contiguous flags (active channel state).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Either the DTE or the DCE may initiate data link set\(hyup. Prior to
- .ce
- initiation of data link set\(hyup, either the DCE or the DTE may initiate data
- .ce
- link
- .ce
- disconnection (see \(sc\ 2.4.4.3) for the purpose of insuring that the
- DCE and the DTE are in the same phase. The DCE may also transmit an unsolicited
- DM response to request the DTE to initiate data link set\(hyup.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DTE shall initiate data link set\(hyup by transmitting an SABM/SABME
- command to the DCE. If, upon receipt of the SABM/SABME command correctly,
- the DCE determines that it can enter the information transfer phase, it
- will return a UA response to the DTE, will reset its send and receive state
- variables V(S) and V(R) to zero, and will consider that the data link is
- set up. If, upon
- .ce
- receipt
- .ce
- of the SABM/SABME command correctly, the DCE determines that it cannot enter
- .ce
- the information transfer phase, it will return a DM response to the DTE as a
- .ce
- denial to the data link set\(hyup initialization and will consider that the
- .ce
- data link is
- .ce
- \fInot\fR
- .ce
- set up. In order to avoid misinterpretation of the DM response received,
- it is suggested that the DTE always sends its SABM/SABME command with the
- P\ bit set to\ 1. Otherwise, it is not possible to differentiate a DM response
- intended as a denial to data link set\(hyup from a DM response that is
- issued in a separate unsolicited sense as a request for a mode\(hysetting
- command (as described
- .ce
- in\ \(sc\ 2.4.4.4.2).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE will initiate data link set\(hyup by transmitting an SABM/SABME
- command to the DTE and starting its Timer\ T1 in order to determine when
- too
- .ce
- much time has elapsed waiting for a reply (see \(sc\ 2.4.8.1 below). Upon
- reception of a UA response from the DTE, the DCE will reset its send and
- receive state
- .ce
- variables\ V(S) and\ V(R) to zero, will stop its Timer\ T1, and will consider
- that the data link is set up. Upon reception of a DM response from the
- DTE as a
- .ce
- denial
- .ce
- to the data link set\(hyup initialization, the DCE will stop its Timer\
- T1 and will consider that the data link is \fInot\fR
- .ce
- set up.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- The DCE, having sent the SABM/SABME command, will ignore and discard any
- frames except an SABM/SABME or DISC command, or a UA or DM response
- .ce
- received from the DTE. The receipt of an SABM/SABME or DISC command from the
- .ce
- DTE will result in a collision situation that is resolved per \(sc\ 2.4.4.5
- below. Frames other than the UA and DM responses sent in response to a
- received
- .ce
- SABM/SABME or DISC command will be sent only after the data link is set
- up and if no outstanding SABM/SABME command exists.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- After the DCE sends the SABM/SABME command, if a UA or DM response is not
- received correctly, Timer\ T1 will run out in the DCE. The DCE will then
- .ce
- resend the SABM/SABME command and will restart Timer\ T1. After transmission
- of the SABM/SABME command N2 times by the DCE, appropriate higher layer
- recovery action will be initiated. The value of N2 is defined in \(sc\
- 2.4.8.4 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4.2
- .ce
- \fIInformation transfer phase\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- After having transmitted the UA response to the SABM/SABME command or having
- received the UA response to a transmitted SABM/SABME command, the DCE will
- accept and transmit I and supervisory frames according to the procedures
- described in \(sc\ 2.4.5 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- When receiving the SABM/SABME command while in the information
- .ce
- transfer phase, the DCE will conform to the data link resetting procedure
- .ce
- described in \(sc\ 2.4.7 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4.3
- .ce
- \fIData link disconnection\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DTE shall initiate a disconnect of the data link by
- .ce
- transmitting a DISC command to the DCE. On correctly receiving a DISC command
- in the information transfer phase, the DCE will send a UA response and
- enter
- .ce
- the disconnected phase. On correctly receiving a DISC command in the
- .ce
- disconnected phase, the DCE will send a DM response and remain in the
- .ce
- disconnected phase. In order to avoid misinterpretation of the DM response
- .ce
- received, it is suggested that the DTE always sends its DISC command with
- the P\ bit set to\ 1. Otherwise, it is not possible to differentiate a
- DM response
- .ce
- intended as an indication that the DCE is already in the disconnected phase
- .ce
- from a DM response that is issued in a separate unsolicited sense as a
- request for a mode\(hysetting command (as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.4.2).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- The DCE will initiate a disconnect of the data link by transmitting a DISC
- command to the DTE and starting its Timer\ T1 (see \(sc\ 2.4.8.1 below).
- Upon reception of an UA response from the DTE, the DCE will stop its Timer\
- T1 and
- .ce
- will enter the disconnected phase. Upon reception of a DM response from
- the DTE as an indication that the DTE was already in the disconnected phase,
- the DCE
- .ce
- will stop its Timer\ T1 and will enter the disconnected phase.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE, having sent the DISC command, will ignore and discard any
- .ce
- frames except an SABM/SABME or DISC command, or a UA or DM response received
- .ce
- from the DTE. The receipt of an SABM/SABME or DISC command from the DTE will
- .ce
- result in a collision situation that is resolved per \(sc\ 2.4.4.5 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- After the DCE sends the DISC command, if a UA or DM response is not
- .ce
- received correctly, Timer\ T1 will run out in the DCE. The DCE will then
- resend the DISC command and will restart Timer\ T1. After transmission
- of the DISC
- .ce
- command N2 times by the DCE, appropriate higher layer recovery action will
- be initiated. The value of N2 is defined in \(sc\ 2.4.8.4 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4.4
- .ce
- \fIDisconnected phase\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4.4.1
- .ce
- After having received a DISC command from the DTE and
- .ce
- returned a UA response to the DTE, or having received the UA response to a
- .ce
- transmitted DISC command, the DCE will enter the disconnected phase.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- In the disconnected phase, the DCE may initiate data link set\(hyup. In
- the disconnected phase, the DCE will react to the receipt of an SABM/SABME
- command as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1 above and will transmit a DM response
- in
- .ce
- answer to a received DISC command. When receiving any other command (defined,
- or undefined or not implemented) with the P\ bit set to\ 1, the DCE will
- transmit a DM response with the F\ bit set to\ 1. Other frames received
- in the
- .ce
- disconnected phase will be ignored by the DCE.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4.4.2
- .ce
- When the DCE enters the disconnected phase after
- .ce
- detecting error conditions as listed in \(sc\ 2.4.6 below, or after an internal
- .ce
- malfunction, it may indicate this by sending a DM response rather than
- a DISC command. In these cases, the DCE will transmit a DM response and
- start its
- .ce
- Timer\ T1 (see \(sc\ 2.4.8.1 below).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If Timer T1 runs out before the reception of an SABM/SABME or DISC command
- from the DTE, the DCE will retransmit the DM response and restart
- .ce
- Timer\ T1. After transmission of the DM response N2 times, the DCE will
- remain in the disconnected phase and appropriate recovery actions will
- be initiated. The value of N2 is defined in \(sc\ 2.4.8.4 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Alternatively, after an internal malfunction, the DCE may either
- .ce
- initiate a data link resetting procedure (see \(sc\ 2.4.7 below) or disconnect
- the data link (see \(sc\ 2.4.4.3 above) prior to initiating a data link
- set\(hyup
- .ce
- procedure (see \(sc\ 2.4.4.1 above).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4.5
- .ce
- \fICollision of unnumbered commands\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Collision situations shall be resolved in the following way:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4.5.1
- .ce
- If the sent and received unnumbered commands are the
- .ce
- same, the DCE and the DTE shall each send the UA response at the earliest
- .ce
- possible opportunity. The DCE shall enter the indicated phase either,
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 1)
- .ce
- after receiving the UA response,
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2)
- .ce
- after sending the UA response, or
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 3)
- .ce
- after timing out waiting for the UA response having sent a
- .ce
- UA response.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- In the case of 2) above, the DCE will accept a subsequent UA
- .ce
- response to the mode\(hysetting command it issued without causing an exception
- .ce
- condition if received within the time\(hyout interval.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.4.4.5.2
- .ce
- If the sent and received unnumbered commands are
- .ce
- different, the DCE and the DTE shall each enter the disconnected phase and
- .ce
- issue a DM response at the earliest possible opportunity.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4.6
- .ce
- \fICollision of DM response with SABM/SABME or DISC\fR
- .ce
-
- .ce
- \fIcommand\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- When a DM response is issued by the DCE or DTE as an unsolicited
- .ce
- response to request the DTE or DCE, respectively, to issue a mode\(hysetting
- .ce
- command as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.4, a collision between an SABM/SABME
- or DISC
- .ce
- command and the unsolicited DM response may occur. In order to avoid
- .ce
- misinterpretation of the DM response received, the DTE always sends its
- .ce
- SABM/SABME or DISC command with the P\ bit set to\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4.7
- .ce
- \fICollision of DM responses\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- A contention situation may occur when both the DCE and the DTE
- .ce
- issue a DM response to request a mode\(hysetting command. In this case, the DTE
- .ce
- will issue an SABM/SABME command to resolve the contention situation.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.4.5
- .ce
- \fILAPB procedures for information transfer\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The procedures which apply to the transmission of I\ frames in each direction
- during the information transfer phase are described below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- In the following, \*Qnumber one higher\*U is in reference to a
- .ce
- continuously repeated sequence series, i.e., 7 is 1\ higher than 6 and 0 is
- .ce
- 1\ higher than 7 for modulo\ 8 series, and 127 is 1\ higher than 126 and 0 is
- .ce
- 1\ higher than 127 for modulo\ 128 series.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.5.1
- .ce
- \fISending I frames\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- When the DCE has an I frame to transmit (i.e. an I frame not
- .ce
- already transmitted, or having to be retransmitted as described in \(sc\
- 2.4.5.6
- .ce
- below), it will transmit it with an N(S) equal to its current send state
- .ce
- variable V(S), and an N(R) equal to its current receive state variable
- V(R). At the end of the transmission of the I\ frame, the DCE will increment
- its send
- .ce
- state variable V(S) by\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If Timer T1 is not running at the time of transmission of an I frame, it
- will be started.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If the send state variable V(S) is equal to the last value of N(R)
- .ce
- received plus \fIk\fR
- .ce
- (where \fIk\fR
- .ce
- is the maximum number of outstanding I\ frames \(em
- .ce
- see \(sc\ 2.4.8.6 below), the DCE will not transmit any new I\ frames, but may
- .ce
- retransmit an I\ frame as described in \(sc\(sc\ 2.4.5.6 or 2.4.5.9 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- When the DCE is in the busy condition, it may still transmit I frames,
- provided that the DTE is not busy. When the DCE is in the frame rejection
- .ce
- condition, it will stop transmitting I\ frames.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.5.2
- .ce
- \fIReceiving an I frame\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.5.2.1
- .ce
- When the DCE is not in a busy condition and receives a valid I\ frame whose
- send sequence number N(S) is equal to the DCE receive state
- .ce
- variable V(R), the DCE will accept the information field of this frame,
- .ce
- increment by one its receive state variable V(R), and act as follows:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- a)
- .ce
- If the DCE is still not in a busy condition:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- i)
- .ce
- If an I frame is available for transmission by the
- .ce
- DCE, it may act as in \(sc\ 2.4.5.1 above and acknowledge
- .ce
- the received I frame by setting N(R) in the control field
- .ce
- of the next transmitted I\ frame to the value of the DCE
- .ce
- receive state variable V(R). Alternatively, the DCE may
- .ce
- acknowledge the received I\ frame by transmitting an RR
- .ce
- frame with the N(R) equal to the value of the DCE receive
- .ce
- state variable V(R).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- ii)
- .ce
- If no I frame is available for transmission by the
- .ce
- DCE, it will transmit an RR frame with N(R) equal to the
- .ce
- value of the DCE receive state variable V(R).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- b)
- .ce
- If the DCE is now in a busy condition, it will transmit an
- .ce
- RNR frame with N(R) equal to the value of the DCE receive
- .ce
- state variable V(R) (see \(sc\ 2.4.5.8).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.4.5.2.2
- .ce
- When the DCE is in a busy condition, it may ignore the
- .ce
- information field contained in any received I\ frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.5.3
- .ce
- \fIReception of invalid frames\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- When the DCE receives an invalid frame (see \(sc\ 2.3.5.3), this frame
- will be discarded.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.5.4
- .ce
- \fIReception of out\(hyof\(hysequence I frames\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- When the DCE receives a valid I frame whose send sequence number
- .ce
- N(S) is incorrect, i.e.,\ not equal to the current DCE receive state variable
- .ce
- V(R), it will discard the information field of the I\ frame and transmit
- an REJ frame with the N(R) set to one higher than the N(S) of the last
- correctly
- .ce
- received I\ frame. The REJ frame will be a command frame with the P\ bit
- set to\ 1 if an acknowledged transfer of the retransmission request is
- required;
- .ce
- otherwise the REJ frame may be either a command or a response frame. The DCE
- .ce
- will then discard the information field of all I\ frames received until the
- .ce
- expected I\ frame is correctly received. When receiving the expected I\ frame,
- .ce
- the DCE will then acknowledge the I\ frame as described in \(sc\ 2.4.5.2
- above. The DCE will use the N(R) and P\ bit information in the discarded
- I\ frames as
- .ce
- described in \(sc\ 2.3.5.2 above.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.5.5
- .ce
- \fIReceiving acknowledgement\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- When correctly receiving an I frame or a supervisory frame (RR, RNR or
- REJ), even in the busy condition, the DCE will consider the N(R) contained
- in this frame as an acknowledgement for all I\ frames it has transmitted
- with an N(S) up to and including the received N(R)\(em1. The DCE will stop
- Timer\ T1 when it correctly receives an I\ frame or a supervisory frame
- with the N(R) higher
- .ce
- than the last received N(R) (actually acknowledging some I\ frames), or
- an REJ frame with an N(R) equal to the last received N(R).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- If Timer T1 has been stopped by the receipt on an I, RR or RNR frame, and
- if there are outstanding I\ frames still unacknowledged, the DCE will
- .ce
- restart Timer\ T1. If Timer\ T1 then runs out, the DCE will follow the
- recovery procedure (\(sc\ 2.4.5.9 below) with respect to the unacknowledged
- I\ frames. If
- .ce
- Timer\ T1 has been stopped by the receipt of an REJ frame, the DCE will
- follow the retransmission procedures in \(sc\ 2.4.5.6 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.5.6
- .ce
- \fIReceiving an REJ frame\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- When receiving an REJ frame, the DCE will set its send state
- .ce
- variable V(S) to the N(R) received in the REJ control field. It will transmit
- the corresponding I\ frame as soon as it is available or retransmit it
- in
- .ce
- accordance with the procedures described in \(sc\ 2.4.5.1 above. (Re)transmission
- will conform to the following procedure:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- i)
- .ce
- if the DCE is transmitting a supervisory command or response
- .ce
- when it receives the REJ frame, it will complete that
- .ce
- transmission before commencing transmission of the requested
- .ce
- I\ frame;
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- ii)
- .ce
- if the DCE is transmitting an unnumbered command or
- .ce
- response when it receives the REJ frame, it will ignore the
- .ce
- request for retransmission;
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- iii)
- .ce
- if the DCE is transmitting an I frame when the REJ frame
- .ce
- is received, it may abort the I\ frame and commence transmission
- .ce
- of the requested I\ frame immediately after abortion;
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- iv)
- .ce
- if the DCE is not transmitting any frame when the REJ frame
- .ce
- is received, it will commence transmission of the requested
- .ce
- I\ frame immediately.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- In all cases, if other unacknowledged I frames had already been
- .ce
- transmitted following the one indicated in the REJ frame, then those I
- frames will be retransmitted by the DCE following the retransmission of
- the requested I\ frame. Other I\ frames not yet transmitted may be transmitted
- following the
- .ce
- retransmitted I\ frames.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If the REJ frame was received from the DTE as a command with the P bit
- set to\ 1, the DCE will transmit an RR, RNR or REJ response with the F
- bit set to\ 1 before transmitting or retransmitting the corresponding I\
- frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.5.7
- .ce
- \fIReceiving an RNR frame\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- After receiving an RNR frame whose N(R) acknowledges all frames
- .ce
- previously transmitted, the DCE will stop Timer\ T1 and may then transmit
- .ce
- an I\ frame, with the P\ bit set to\ 0, whose send sequence number is
- .ce
- equal to the N(R) indicated in the RNR frame, restarting Timer\ T1 as it
- does. After receiving an RNR frame whose N(R) indicates a previously transmitted
- .ce
- frame, the DCE will not transmit or retransmit any I\ frame, Timer\ T1 being
- .ce
- already running. In either case, if the Timer\ T1 runs out before receipt
- of a busy clearance indication, the DCE will follow the procedure described
- in
- .ce
- \(sc\ 2.4.5.9\ below. In any case, the DCE will not transmit any other
- I\ frames
- .ce
- before receiving an RR or REJ frame, or before the completion of a link
- .ce
- resetting procedure.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Alternatively, after receiving an RNR frame, the DCE may wait for a
- .ce
- period of time (e.g.,\ the length of the Timer\ T1) and then transmit a
- .ce
- supervisory command frame (RR, RNR or REJ) with the P\ bit set to\ 1, and
- start Timer\ T1, in order to determine if there is any change in the receive
- status of the DTE. The DTE shall respond to the P\ bit set to\ 1 with a
- supervisory
- .ce
- response frame (RR, RNR or REJ) with the F\ bit set to\ 1 indicating either
- .ce
- continuance of the busy condition (RNR) or clearance of the busy condition
- (RR or REJ). Upon receipt of the DTE response, Timer\ T1 is stopped.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 1)
- .ce
- If the response is the RR or REJ response, the busy
- .ce
- condition is cleared and the DCE may transmit I\ frames beginning
- .ce
- with the I\ frame identified by the N(R) in the received response
- .ce
- frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2)
- .ce
- If the response is the RNR response, the busy condition
- .ce
- still exists, and the DCE will after a period of time (e.g.\ the
- .ce
- length of Timer\ T1) repeat the enquiry of the DTE receive
- .ce
- status.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If Timer T1 runs out before a status response is received, the
- .ce
- enquiry process above is repeated. If N2 attempts to get a status response
- fail (i.e.\ Timer\ T1 runs out N2\ times), the DCE will initiate a data
- link resetting procedure as described in \(sc\ 2.4.7.2\ below or will transmit
- a DM response to ask the DTE to initiate a data link set\(hyup procedure
- as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1 and enter the disconnected phase. The value
- of N2 is defined in \(sc\ 2.4.8.4\ below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- If, at any time during the enquiry process, an unsolicited RR or REJ frame
- is received from the DTE, it will be considered to be an indication of
- .ce
- clearance of the busy condition. Should the unsolicited RR or REJ frame be a
- .ce
- command frame with the P bit set to\ 1, the appropriate response frame
- with the F\ bit set to 1 must be transmitted before the DCE may resume
- transmission of
- .ce
- I\ frames. If Timer\ T1 is running, the DCE will wait for the non\(hybusy
- response with the F bit set to\ 1 or will wait for Timer\ T1 to run out
- and then either
- .ce
- may reinitiate the enquiry process in order to realize a successful P/F bit
- .ce
- exchange or may resume transmission of I frames beginning with the I\ frame
- .ce
- identified by the N(R) in the received RR or REJ frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.5.8
- .ce
- \fIDCE busy condition\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- When the DCE enters a busy condition, it will transmit an RNR frame at
- the earliest opportunity. The RNR frame will be a command frame with the
- P bit set to\ 1 if an acknowledged transfer of the busy condition indication
- is
- .ce
- required; otherwise the RNR frame may be either a command or a response
- frame. While in the busy condition, the DCE will accept and process supervisory
- .ce
- frames, will accept and process the contents of the N(R) fields of I\ frames,
- .ce
- and will return an RNR response with the F bit set to\ 1 if it receives a
- .ce
- supervisory command or I command frame with the P bit set to\ 1. To clear the
- .ce
- busy condition, the DCE will transmit either an REJ frame or an RR frame, with
- .ce
- N(R) set to the current receive state variable V(R), depending on whether or
- .ce
- not it discarded information fields of correctly received I\ frames. The REJ
- .ce
- frame or the RR frame will be a command frame with the P bit set to\ 1 if an
- .ce
- acknowledged transfer of the busy\(hyto\(hynon\(hybusy transition is required,
- otherwise the REJ frame or the RR frame may be either a command or a response
- frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.4.5.9
- .ce
- \fIWaiting acknowledgement\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE maintains an internal transmission attempt variable which is set
- to\ 0 when the DCE sends a UA response, when the DCE receives a UA
- .ce
- response or an RNR command or response, or when the DCE correctly receives
- an I\ frame or supervisory frame with the N(R) higher than the last received
- N(R) (actually acknowledging some outstanding I\ frames).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If Timer T1 runs out waiting for the acknowledgement from the DTE for an
- I\ frame transmitted, the DCE will enter the timer recovery condition,
- add
- .ce
- one to its transmission attempt variable and set an internal variable \fIx\fR
- .ce
- to
- .ce
- the current value of its send state variable V(S). The DCE will then restart
- .ce
- Timer T1, set its send state variable V(S) to the last value of N(R) received
- from the DTE and retransmit the corresponding I\ frame with the P bit set
- to\ 1, or transmit an appropriate supervisory command frame (RR, RNR or
- REJ) with the P\ bit set to\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- The timer recovery condition is cleared when the DCE receives a valid supervisory
- frame with the F\ bit\ set to\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If, while in the timer recovery condition, the DCE correctly receives a
- supervisory frame with the F bit set to\ 1 and with the N(R) within the
- range from its current send state variable V(S) to \fIx\fR
- .ce
- included, it will clear the
- .ce
- timer recovery condition (including stopping Timer\ T1) and set its send
- state variable V(S) to the value of the received N(R), and may then resume
- with
- .ce
- I\ frame transmission or retransmission, as appropriate.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If, while in the timer recovery condition, the DCE correctly receives an
- I or supervisory frame with the P/F bit set to\ 0 and with a valid N(R)
- (see \(sc\ 2.3.4.9), it will not clear the timer recovery condition. The
- value of the
- .ce
- received N(R) may be used to update the send state variable V(S). However,
- the DCE may decide to keep the last transmitted I\ frame in store (even
- if it is
- .ce
- acknowledged) in order to be able to retransmit it with the P bit set to\
- 1 when Timer\ T1 runs out at a later time.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- If the received supervisory frame with the P/F bit set to\ 0 is an REJ
- frame with a valid N(R), the DCE may either immediately initiate
- .ce
- (re)transmission from the value of the send state variable V(S), or it may
- .ce
- ignore the request for retransmission and wait until the supervisory frame
- with the F bit set to\ 1 is received before initiating (re)transmission
- of frames
- .ce
- from the value identified in the N(R) field of the supervisory frame with
- the F\ bit set to\ 1. In the case of immediate retransmission, in order
- to prevent
- .ce
- duplicate retransmissions following the clearance of the timer recovery
- .ce
- condition, the DCE shall inhibit retransmission of a specific I\ frame [same
- .ce
- N(R) in the same numbering cycle] if the DCE has retransmitted that I\
- frame as the result of a received REJ frame with the P/F bit set to\ 0.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If, while in the timer recovery condition, the DCE receives a REJ
- .ce
- command with the P bit set to\ 1, the DCE will respond immediately with an
- .ce
- appropriate supervisory response with the F bit set to\ 1. The DCE may
- then use the value of the N(R) in the REJ command to update the send state
- variable
- .ce
- V(S), and may either immediately begin (re)transmission from the value N(R)
- .ce
- indicated in the REJ frame or ignore the request for retransmission and wait
- .ce
- until the supervisory frame with the F bit set to\ 1 is received before
- .ce
- initiating (re)transmission of I\ frames from the value identified in the
- N(R) field of the supervisory frame with the F\ bit set to\ 1. In the case
- of
- .ce
- immediate retransmission, in order to prevent duplicate retransmissions
- .ce
- following the clearance of the timer recovery condition, the DCE shall
- inhibit retransmission of a specific I\ frame [same N(R) in the same numbering
- cycle]
- .ce
- if the DCE has retransmitted that I\ frame as the result of the received REJ
- .ce
- command with the P\ bit set to\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If Timer T1 runs out in the timer recovery condition, and no I or
- .ce
- supervisory frame with the P/F bit set to 0 and with a valid N(R) has been
- .ce
- received, or no REJ command with the P bit set to\ 1 and with a valid N(R)
- has been received, the DCE will add one to its transmission attempt variable,
- .ce
- restart Timer\ T1, and either retransmit the I frame sent with the P bit set
- .ce
- to\ 1 or transmit an appropriate supervisory command with the P bit set to\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- If the transmission attempt variable is equal to N2, the DCE will
- .ce
- initiate a data link resetting procedure as described in \(sc\ 2.4.7.2
- below, or
- .ce
- will transmit a DM response to ask the DTE to initiate a data link set\(hyup
- .ce
- procedure as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1 above and enter the disconnected
- phase. N2 is a system parameter (see \(sc\ 2.4.8.4 below).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- \fINote\fR
- .ce
- \ \(em\ Although the DCE may implement the internal variable \fIx\fR
- .ce
- ,
- .ce
- other mechanisms do exist that achieve the identical function.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.6
- .ce
- \fILAPB conditions for \fR
- .ce
- \fIdata link resetting or data link\fR
- .ce
-
- .ce
- \fIre\(hyinitialization\fR
- .ce
- \fI(data link set\(hyup)\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.6.1
- .ce
- When the DCE receives, during the information transfer phase, a
- .ce
- frame which is not invalid (see \(sc\ 2.3.5.3) with one of the conditions
- listed in \(sc\ 2.3.4.9 above, the DCE will request the DTE to initiate
- a data link resetting procedure by transmitting an FRMR response to the
- DTE as described in
- .ce
- \(sc\ 2.4.7.3.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.6.2
- .ce
- When the DCE receives, during the information transfer phase, an FRMR response
- from the DTE, the DCE will either initiate the data link
- .ce
- resetting procedures itself as described in \(sc\ 2.4.7.2 or return a DM
- response to ask the DTE to initiate the data link set\(hyup (initialization)
- procedure as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1. After transmitting a DM response,
- the DCE will enter
- .ce
- the disconnected phase as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.4.2.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.6.3
- .ce
- When the DCE receives, during the information transfer phase, a UA response,
- or an unsolicited response with the F bit set to\ 1, the DCE may
- .ce
- either initiate the data link resetting procedures itself as described in
- .ce
- \(sc\ 2.4.7.2, or return a DM response to ask the DTE to initiate the data link
- .ce
- set\(hyup (initialization) procedure as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1. After
- transmitting a DM response, the DCE will enter the disconnected phase as
- described in
- .ce
- \(sc\ 2.4.4.4.2.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.6.4
- .ce
- When the DCE receives, during the information transfer phase, a DM response
- from the DTE, the DCE will either initiate the data link set\(hyup
- .ce
- (initialization) procedures itself as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1, or return
- a DM
- .ce
- response to ask the DTE to initiate the data link set\(hyup (initialization)
- .ce
- procedures as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1. After transmitting a DM response,
- the DCE will enter the disconnected phase as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.4.2.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.4.7
- .ce
- \fILAPB procedure for data link resetting\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.7.1
- .ce
- The data link resetting procedure is used to initialize both
- .ce
- directions of information transfer according to the procedure described
- below. The data link resetting procedure only applies during the information
- transfer phase.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.7.2
- .ce
- Either the DTE or the DCE may initiate the data link resetting
- .ce
- procedure. The data link resetting procedure indicates a clearance of a DCE
- .ce
- and/or DTE busy condition, if present.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DTE shall initiate a data link resetting by transmitting an
- .ce
- SABM/SABME command to the DCE. If, upon correct receipt of the SABM/SABME
- .ce
- command, the DCE determines that it can continue in the information transfer
- .ce
- phase, it will return a UA response to the DTE, will reset its send and
- receive state variables V(S) and V(R) to zero, and will remain in the information
- .ce
- transfer phase. If, upon correct receipt of the SABM/SABME command, the DCE
- .ce
- determines that it cannot remain in the information transfer phase, it will
- .ce
- return a DM response as a denial to the resetting request and will enter the
- .ce
- disconnected phase.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE will initiate a data link resetting by transmitting an
- .ce
- SABM/SABME command to the DTE and starting its Timer\ T1 (see \(sc\ 2.4.8.1
- below). Upon reception of a UA response from the DTE, the DCE will reset
- its send and receive state variables V(S) and V(R) to zero, will stop its
- Timer\ T1, and will remain in the information transfer phase. Upon reception
- of a DM response from the DTE as a denial to the data link resetting request,
- the DCE will stop its Timer\ T1 and will enter the disconnected phase.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE, having sent an SABM/SABME command, will ignore and discard
- .ce
- any frames received from the DTE except an SABM/SABME or DISC command,
- or a UA or DM response. The receipt of an SABM/SABME or DISC command from
- the DTE will result in a collision situation that is resolved per \(sc\
- 2.4.4.5 above. Frames
- .ce
- other than the UA or DM response sent in response to a received SABM/SABME
- or DISC command will be sent only after the data link is reset and if no
- .ce
- outstanding SABM/SABME command exists.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- After the DCE sends the SABM/SABME command, if a UA or DM response is not
- received correctly, Timer\ T1 will run out in the DCE. The DCE will then
- .ce
- resend the SABM/SABME command and will restart Timer\ T1. After N2 attempts
- to reset the data link, the DCE will initiate appropriate higher layer
- recovery
- .ce
- action and will enter the disconnected phase. The value of N2 is defined in
- .ce
- \(sc\ 2.4.8.4 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.7.3
- .ce
- The DCE may ask the DTE to reset the data link by transmitting an FRMR
- response (see \(sc\ 2.4.6.1 above). After transmitting an FRMR response,
- .ce
- the DCE will enter the frame rejection condition.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The frame rejection condition is cleared when the DCE receives an SABM/SABME
- command, a DISC command, a FRMR response, or a DM response; or if
- .ce
- the DCE transmits an SABM/SABME command, a DISC command, or a DM response.
- .ce
- Other commands received while in the frame rejection condition will cause
- the DCE to retransmit the FRMR response with the same information field
- as
- .ce
- originally transmitted.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE may start Timer\ T1 on transmission of the FRMR response. If
- .ce
- Timer\ T1 runs out before the frame rejection condition is cleared, the
- DCE may retransmit the FRMR response, and restart T1. After N2 attempts
- (time outs) to get the DTE to reset the data link, the DCE may reset the
- data link itself as described in \(sc\ 2.4.7.2 above. The value of N2 is
- defined in \(sc\ 2.4.8.4 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- In the frame rejection condition, I frames and supervisory frames will
- not be transmitted by the DCE. Also, received I frames and supervisory
- frames will be discarded by the DCE except for the observance of a P bit
- set to\ 1.
- .ce
- When an additional FRMR response must be transmitted by the DCE as a result
- of the receipt of a P\ bit set to 1 while Timer\ T1 is running, Timer\
- T1 will
- .ce
- continue to run. Upon reception of an FRMR response (even during a frame
- .ce
- rejection condition), the DCE will initiate a resetting procedure by
- .ce
- transmitting an SABM/SABME command as described in \(sc\ 2.4.7.2 above, or will
- .ce
- transmit a DM response to ask the DTE to initiate the data link set\(hyup
- .ce
- procedure as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1 and enter the disconnected phase.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.8
- .ce
- \fIList of \fR
- .ce
- \fILAPB system parameters\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE and DTE system parameters are as follows:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.4.8.1
- .ce
- \fITimer\fR
- .ce
- \fIT1\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The value of the DTE Timer T1 system parameter may be different
- .ce
- than the value of the DCE Timer T1 system parameter. These values shall
- be made known to both the DTE and the DCE, and agreed to for a period of
- time by both the DTE and the DCE.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The period of Timer T1, at the end of which retransmission of a frame may
- be initiated (see \(sc\ 2.4.4 and \(sc\ 2.4.5 above for the DCE), shall
- take into account whether T1 is started at the beginning or the end of
- the transmission of a frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The proper operation of the procedure requires that the transmitter's (DCE
- or DTE) Timer\ T1 be greater than the maximum time between transmission
- of a frame (SABM/SABME, DISC, I\ or supervisory command, or DM or FRMR
- response)
- .ce
- and the reception of the corresponding frame returned as an answer to that
- .ce
- frame (UA, DM or acknowledging frame). Therefore, the receiver (DCE or DTE)
- .ce
- should not delay the response or acknowledging frame returned to one of the
- .ce
- above frames by more than a value\ T2, where T2 is a system parameter (see
- .ce
- \(sc\ 2.4.8.2).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- The DCE will not delay the response or acknowledging frame returned to
- one of the above DTE frames by more than a period\ T2.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.8.2
- .ce
- \fIParameter T2\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The value of the DTE parameter T2 may be different than the value of the
- DCE parameter T2. These values shall be made known to both the DTE and
- the DCE, and agreed to for a period of time by both the DTE and the DCE.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- The period of parameter T2 shall indicate the amount of time
- .ce
- available at the DCE or DTE before the acknowledging frame must be initiated
- in order to ensure its receipt by the DTE or DCE, respectively, prior to
- Timer\ T1 running out at the DTE or DCE (parameter\ T2\ <\ Timer\ T1).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- \fINote\fR
- .ce
- \ \(em\ The period of parameter T2 shall take into account the
- .ce
- following timing factors: the transmission time of the acknowledging frame,
- the propagation time over the access data link, the stated processing times
- at the DCE and the DTE, and the time to complete the transmission of the
- frame(s) in the DCE or DTE transmit queue that are neither displaceable
- or modifiable in an orderly manner.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- Given a value for Timer T1 for the DTE or DCE, the value of parameter T2
- at the DCE or DTE, respectively, must be no larger than T1 minus\ 2 times
- the propagation time over the access data link, minus the frame processing
- time at the DCE, minus the frame processing time at the DTE, and minus
- the transmission time of the acknowledging frame by the DCE or DTE, respectively.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.4.8.3
- .ce
- \fITimer T3\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE shall support a Timer T3 system parameter, the value of
- .ce
- which shall be made known to the DTE.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The period of Timer T3, at the end of which an indication of an
- .ce
- observed excessively long idle channel state condition is passed to the
- Packet Layer, shall be sufficiently greater than the period of the DCE
- Timer T1
- .ce
- (i.e.\ T3\ >\ T1) so that the expiration of T3 provides the desired level of
- .ce
- assurance that the data link channel is in a non\(hyactive, non\(hyoperational
- state, and is in need of data link set\(hyup before normal data link operation
- can
- .ce
- resume.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.8.4
- .ce
- \fIMaximum number of attempts\fR
- .ce
- \fIto complete a\fR
- .ce
-
- .ce
- \fItransmission N2\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- The value of the DTE N2 system parameter may be different than the value
- of the DCE N2 system parameter. These values shall be made known to both
- the DTE and the DCE, and agreed to for a period of time by both the DTE
- and the DCE.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The value of N2 shall indicate the maximum number of attempts made by the
- DCE or DTE to complete the successful transmission of a frame to the DTE
- or DCE, respectively.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.8.5
- .ce
- \fIMaximum number of bits in an I frame N1\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The value of the DTE N1 system parameter may be different than the value
- of the DCE N1 system parameter. These values shall be made known to both
- the DTE and the DCE.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The values of N1 shall indicate the maximum number of bits in an
- .ce
- I\ frame (excluding flags and 0\ bits inserted for transparency) that the
- DCE or DTE is willing to accept from the DTE or DCE, respectively.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- In order to allow for universal operation, a DTE should support a
- .ce
- value of DTE N1 which is not less than 1080\ bits (135\ octets). DTEs should
- be aware that the network may transmit longer packets (see \(sc\ 5.2),
- that may result in a data link layer problem.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- All networks shall offer to a DTE which requires it, a value of DCE N1
- which is greater than or equal to 2072\ bits (259\ octets) plus the length
- of the address, control and FCS fields at the DTE/DCE interface, and greater
- than or equal to the maximum length of the data packets which may cross
- the DTE/DCE
- .ce
- interface plus the length of the address, control and FCS fields at the
- DTE/DCE interface.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Appendix II provides a description of how the values stated above are derived.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.8.6
- .ce
- \fIMaximum number of \fR
- .ce
- \fIoutstanding I frames k\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The value of the DTE k system parameter shall be the same as the
- .ce
- value of the DCE k system parameter. This value shall be agreed to for a
- .ce
- period of time by both the DTE and the DCE.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The value of k shall indicate the maximum number of sequentially
- .ce
- numbered I\ frames that the DTE or DCE may have outstanding
- .ce
- (i.e.\ unacknowledged) at any given time. The value of k shall never exceed
- .ce
- seven for modulo\ 8 operation, or one hundred and twenty\(hyseven for modulo\
- 128
- .ce
- operation. All networks (DCEs) shall support a value of seven. Other values
- of k (less than and greater than seven) may also be supported by networks
- .ce
- (DCEs).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- .line
- .ce
- \fBMONTAGE : \(sc 2.5 de cette Recommandation sur le reste de cette page\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- .line
- .ad r
- \fBTable 6/X.25 [T6.25], p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- .sp 5
- 2.3.4.2
- \fIReceive ready (RR)\fR \fI command and response\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The receive ready (RR) supervisory frame is used by the DCE
- or DTE to:
- .RT
- .LP
- 1)
- indicate it is ready to receive an I frame; and
- .LP
- 2)
- acknowledge previously received I frames numbered up to and
- including N(R)\ \(em\ 1.
- .PP
- An RR frame may be used to indicate the clearance of a busy
- condition that was reported by the earlier transmission of an RNR frame
- by that same station (DCE or\ DTE). In addition to indicating the DCE or
- DTE status, the RR command with the P\ bit set to\ 1 may be used by the
- DCE or DTE to ask for the status of the DTE or DCE, respectively.
- .bp
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.3.4.3
- \fIReceive not ready (RNR) command and response\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The receive not ready (RNR) supervisory frame is used by the DCE or DTE
- to indicate a busy condition; i.e.\ temporary inability to accept
- additional incoming I\ frames. I\ frames numbered up to and including N(R)\
- \(em\ 1
- are acknowledged. I\ frame N(R) and any subsequent I\ frames received, if any,
- are not acknowledged; the acceptance status of these I\ frames will be
- indicated in subsequent exchanges.
- .PP
- In addition to indicating the DCE or DTE status, the RNR command with the
- P bit set to\ 1 may be used by an DCE or DTE to ask for the status of the
- DTE or DCE, respectively.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.3.4.4
- \fIReject (REJ) command and response\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The reject (REJ) supervisory frame is used by the DCE or DTE to request
- transmission of I\ frames starting with the frame numbered N(R).
- I\ frames numbered N(R)\ \(em\ 1 and below are acknowledged. Additional
- I\ frames
- pending initial transmission may be transmitted following the retransmitted
- I\ frame(s).
- .PP
- Only one REJ exception condition for a given direction of information transfer
- may be established at any time. The REJ exception condition is cleared
- (reset) upon the receipt of an I\ frame with an N(S) equal to the N(R)
- of the
- REJ\ frame.
- .PP
- An REJ frame may be used to indicate the clearance of a busy condition
- that was reported by the earlier transmission of an RNR frame by that same
- station (DCE or\ DTE). In addition to indicating the DCE or DTE status, the
- REJ\ command with the P bit set to\ 1 may be used by the DCE or\ DTE to ask for
- the status of the DTE or\ DCE, respectively.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fR 2.3.4.5
- \fISet asynchronous balanced mode (SABM)\fR \fIcommand/\fR \fISet asynchronous
- balanced mode extended (SABME)\fR
- \fIcommand (subscription time option)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The SABM unnumbered command is used to place the addressed DCE or DTE in
- an asynchronous balanced mode (ABM) information transfer phase where all
- command/response control fields will be one\ octet in length.
- .PP
- The SABME unnumbered command is used to place the addressed DCE or DTE
- in an asynchronous balanced mode\ (ABM) information transfer phase where
- numbered command/response control fields will be two octets in length, and
- unnumbered command/response control fields will be one octet in length.
- .PP
- No information field is permitted with the SABM or SABME command. The transmission
- of a SABM/SABME command indicates the clearance of a busy
- condition that was reported by the earlier trans
- mission\ of an RNR\ frame by that
- same station (DCE or\ DTE). The DCE or DTE confirms acceptance of SABM/SABME
- [modulo\ 8 (basic) operation/modulo\ 128 (extended) operation] command by the
- transmission, at the first opportunity, of a UA\ response. Upon acceptance of
- this command, the DCE or DTE send state variable\ V(S) and receive state
- variable V(R) are set to\ 0.
- .PP
- Previously transmitted I\ frames that are unacknowledged when this
- command is actioned remain unac
- knowledged.\ It is the responsibility of a
- higher layer (e.g.\ Packet Layer or MLP) to recover from the possible loss of
- .PP
- the contents (e.g.\ packets) of such I\ frames.
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ The mode of operation of a data link [basic (modulo 8) or
- extended (modulo\ 128)] is determined at subscription time and is only
- changed by going through a new subscription process.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.3.4.6
- \fIDisconnect (DISC)\fR \fI command\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The DISC unnumbered command is used to terminate the mode
- previously set. It is used to inform the DCE or DTE receiving the DISC
- command that the DTE or DCE sending the DISC command is suspending operation.
- No
- information field is permitted with the DISC command. Prior to actioning the
- DISC command, the DCE or DTE receiving the DISC command confirms the acceptance
- of the DISC command by the transmission of a UA response. The DTE or DCE
- sending the DISC command enters the disconnected phase when it receives the
- acknowledging UA response.
- .bp
- .PP
- Previously transmitted I frames that are unacknowledged when this
- command is actioned remain unacknowledged. It is the responsibility of
- a higher layer (e.g.\ Packet Layer or MLP) to recover from the possible
- loss of the
- contents (e.g.,\ packets) of such I frames.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.3.4.7
- \fIUnnumbered acknowledgement (UA)\fR \fI response\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The UA unnumbered response is used by the DCE or DTE to acknowledge the
- receipt and acceptance of the mode\(hysetting commands. Received mode\(hysetting
- commands are not actioned until the UA response is transmitted. The
- transmission of a UA response indicates the clearance of a busy condition
- that was reported by the earlier transmission of an RNR frame by that same
- station (DCE or DTE). No information field is permitted with the UA response.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.3.4.8
- \fIDisconnected mode (DM)\fR \fI response\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The DM unnumbered response is used to report a status where the DCE or
- DTE is logically disconnected from the data link, and is in the disconnected
- phase. The DM response may be sent to indicate that the DCE or DTE has
- entered the disconnected phase without benefit of having received a DISC
- command, or, if sent in response to the reception of a mode setting command,
- is sent to
- inform the DTE or DCE that the DCE or DTE, respectively, is still in the
- disconnected phase and cannot execute the set mode command. No information
- field is permitted with the DM response.
- .PP
- A DCE or DTE in a disconnected phase will monitor received commands
- and will react to an SABM/SABME command as outlined in \(sc\ 2.4.4 below,
- and will respond with a DM response with the F bit set to\ 1 to any other
- command
- received with the P\ bit set to\ 1.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.3.4.9
- \fIFrame reject (FRMR)\fR \fI response\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The FRMR unnumbered response is used by the DCE or DTE to report an error
- condition not recoverable by retransmission of the identical frame;
- i.e.\ at least one of the following conditions, which results from the
- receipt of a valid frame:
- .RT
- .LP
- 1)
- the receipt of a command or response control field that is
- undefined or not implemented;
- .LP
- 2)
- the receipt of an I frame with an information field which
- exceeds the maximum established length;
- .LP
- 3)
- the receipt of an invalid N(R); or
- .LP
- 4)
- the receipt of a frame with an information field which is
- not permitted or the receipt of a supervisory or unnumbered
- frame with incorrect length.
- .PP
- An undefined or not implemented control field is any of the
- control field encodings that are not identified in Tables\ 5/X.25 or\ 6/X.25.
- .PP
- A valid N(R) must be within the range from the lowest send sequence
- number N(S) of the still unacknowledged frame(s) to the current DCE send
- state variable inclusive (or to the current internal variable \fIx\fR if
- the DCE is in
- the timer recovery condition as described in \(sc\ 2.4.5.9).
- .PP
- An information field which immediately follows the control field, and consists
- of\ 3 or 5\ octets [modulo\ 8 (basic) operation or modulo\ 128 (extended)
- operation, respectively], is returned with this response and provides the
- reason for the FRMR response. These formats are given in Tables\ 7/X.25
- and\ 8/X.25.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.3.5
- \fIException condition reporting and recovery\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The error recovery procedures which are available to effect
- recovery following the detection/occurrence of an
- exception condition
- at the Data Link Layer are described below. Exception conditions described
- are those situations which may occur as the result of transmission errors,
- DCE or DTE malfunction, or operational situations.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.3.5.1
- \fIBusy condition\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The busy condition results when the DCE or DTE is temporarily
- unable to continue to receive I frames due to internal constraints,
- e.g.\ receive buffering limitations. In this case an RNR frame is transmitted
- from the busy DCE or DTE. I\ frames pending transmission may be transmitted
- from the busy DCE or DTE prior to or following the RNR\ frame.
- .PP
- An indication that the busy condition has cleared is communicated by the
- transmission of a UA (only in response to a SABM/SABME command), RR, REJ
- or SABM/SABME (modulo\ 8/modulo\ 128) frame.
- .bp
- .RT
- .ce
- .line
- .ce
- \fBTable 7/X.25 [T7.25], p.\fR
- .ce
- .line
- .ce
- \fBTable 8/X.25 [T8.25], p.\fR
- .ce
- 2.3.5.2
- .ce
- \fIN(S) sequence error condition\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The information field of all I frames received whose N(S) does not equal
- the receive state variable V(R) will be discarded.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- An N(S) sequence error exception condition occurs in the receiver when
- an I\ frame received contains an N(S) which is not equal to the receive
- state
- .ce
- variable V(R) at the receiver. The receiver does not acknowledge (increment
- its receive state variable) the I\ frame causing the sequence error, or
- any I\ frame which may follow, until an I\ frame with the correct N(S)
- is received.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- A DCE or DTE which receives one or more valid I frames having sequence
- errors or subsequent supervisory frames (RR, RNR and REJ) shall accept
- the
- .ce
- control information contained in the N(R) field and the P or F bit to perform
- data link control functions; e.g.\ to receive acknowledgement of previously
- .ce
- transmitted I\ frames and to cause the DCE or DTE to respond (P bit set to 1).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- The means specified in \(sc\(sc\ 2.3.5.2.1 and 2.3.5.2.2 shall be available
- for initiating the retransmission of lost or errored I\ frames following
- the
- .ce
- occurrence of an N(S) sequence error condition.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.5.2.1
- .ce
- \fIREJ recovery\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The REJ frame is used by a receiving DCE or DTE to initiate a
- .ce
- recovery (retransmission) following the detection of an N(S) sequence error.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- With respect to each direction of transmission on the data link, only one
- \*Qsent REJ\*U exception condition from a DCE or DTE, to a DTE or DCE,
- is
- .ce
- established at a time. A \*Qsent REJ\*U exception condition is cleared when the
- .ce
- requested I\ frame is received.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- A DCE or DTE receiving a REJ frame initiates sequential
- .ce
- (re\(hy)transmission of I\ frames starting with the I\ frame indicated
- by the N(R) contained in the REJ frame. The retransmitted frames may contain
- an N(R) and a P bit that are updated from, and therefore different from,
- the ones contained in the originally transmitted I\ frames.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.5.2.2
- .ce
- \fITime\(hyout recovery\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If a DCE or DTE, due to a transmission error, does not receive (or receives
- and discards) a single I\ frame or the last I\ frame(s) in a sequence of
- I\ frames, it will not detect an N(S) sequence error condition and, therefore,
- will not transmit a REJ frame. The DTE or DCE which transmitted the
- .ce
- unacknowledged I\ frame(s) shall, following the completion of a system
- specified time\(hyout period (see \(sc\(sc\ 2.4.5.1 and 2.4.5.9 below),
- take appropriate recovery action to determine at which I\ frame retransmission
- must begin. The
- .ce
- retransmitted frame(s) may contain an N(R) and a P bit that is updated from,
- .ce
- and therefore different from, the ones contained in the originally transmitted
- frame(s).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.5.3
- .ce
- \fIInvalid frame\fR
- .ce
- \fI condition\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Any frame which is invalid will be discarded, and no action is
- .ce
- taken as the result of that frame. An invalid frame is defined as one
- .ce
- which:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- a)
- .ce
- is not properly bounded by two flags;
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- b)
- .ce
- in basic (modulo 8) operation, contains fewer than 32 bits
- .ce
- between flags; in extended (modulo\ 128) operation, contains
- .ce
- fewer than 40\ bits between flags of frames that contain sequence
- .ce
- numbers or 32\ bits between flags of frames that do not contain
- .ce
- sequence numbers;
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- c)
- .ce
- contains a Frame Check Sequence (FCS) error; or
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- d)
- .ce
- contains an address other than A or B (for single link
- .ce
- operation) or other than C or D (for multilink operation).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- For those networks that are octet aligned, a detection of
- .ce
- non\(hyoctet alignment may be made at the Data Link Layer by adding a frame
- .ce
- validity check that requires the number of bits between the opening flag and
- .ce
- the closing flag, excluding bits inserted for transparency, to be an integral
- number of octets in length, or the frame is considered invalid.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.5.4
- .ce
- \fIFrame rejection\fR
- .ce
- \fI condition\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- A frame rejection condition is established upon the receipt of an error\(hyfree
- frame with one of the conditions listed in \(sc\ 2.3.4.9 above.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- At the DCE or DTE, this frame rejection exception condition is
- .ce
- reported by an FRMR response for appropriate DTE or DCE action, respectively.
- Once a DCE has established such an exception condition, no additional I\
- frames are accepted until the condition is reset by the DTE, except for
- examination of the P bit. The FRMR response may be repeated at each opportunity,
- as specified in \(sc\ 2.4.7.3, until recovery is effected by the DTE, or
- until the DCE initiates its own recovery in case the DTE does not respond.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.5.5
- .ce
- \fIExcessive idle channel state condition on incoming\fR
- .ce
-
- .ce
- \fIchannel\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Upon detection of an idle channel state condition (see \(sc\ 2.2.12.2 above)
- on the incoming channel, the DCE shall wait for a period\ T3 (see
- .ce
- \(sc\ 2.4.8.3 below) without taking any specific action, waiting for detection
- of a return to the active channel state (i.e.,\ detection of at least one
- flag
- .ce
- sequence). After the period\ T3, the DCE shall notify the higher layer
- (e.g.\ the Packet Layer or the MLP) of the excessive idle channel state
- condition, but
- .ce
- shall not take any action that would preclude the DTE from establishing the
- .ce
- data link by normal data link set\(hyup procedures.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- \fINote\fR
- .ce
- \ \(em\ Other actions to be taken by the DCE at the Data Link Layer upon
- expiration of period\ T3 is a subject for further study.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.4
- .ce
- \fIDescription of the \fR
- .ce
- \fILAPB procedure\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.1
- .ce
- \fILAPB basic and extended modes of operation\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- In accordance with the system choice made by the DTE at
- .ce
- subscription time, the DCE will either support modulo\ 8 (basic) operation or
- .ce
- will support modulo\ 128 (extended) operation. Changing from basic operation
- to extended operation, or vice versa, in the DCE requires resubscription
- by the
- .ce
- DTE for the desired service, and is not supported dynamically.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Table 5/X.25 indicates the command and response control field formats used
- with the basic (modulo\ 8) service. The mode\(hysetting command employed
- to
- .ce
- initialize (set up) or reset the basic mode is the SABM command. Table
- 6/X.25 indicates the command and response control field formats used with
- the extended (modulo\ 128) service. The mode\(hysetting command employed
- to initialize (set up) or reset the extended mode is the SABME command.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.2
- .ce
- \fILAPB procedure for addressing\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The address field identifies a frame as either a command or a
- .ce
- response. A command frame contains the address of the DCE or DTE to which
- the command is being sent. A response frame contains the address of the
- DCE or DTE sending the frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- In order to allow differentiation between single link operation and
- .ce
- the optional multilink operation for diagnostic and/or maintenance reasons,
- .ce
- different address pair encodings are assigned to data links operating with
- .ce
- multilink procedure compared to data links operating with the single link
- .ce
- procedure.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Frames containing commands transferred from the DCE to the DTE will
- .ce
- contain the address\ A for the single link operation and address\ C for the
- .ce
- multilink operation.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Frames containing responses transferred from the DCE to the DTE will contain
- the address\ B for the single link operation and address\ D for the
- .ce
- multilink operation.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- Frames containing commands transferred from the DTE to the DCE shall contain
- the address\ B for the single link operation and address\ D for the
- .ce
- multilink operation.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Frames containing responses transferred from the DTE to the DCE shall contain
- the address\ A for the single link operation and address\ C for the
- .ce
- multilink operation.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- These addresses are coded as follows:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Address
- .ce
- 1\ 2\ 3\ 4\ 5\ 6\ 7\ 8
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Single link operation
- .ce
- \ \ A
- .ce
- 1\ 1\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0
- .ce
- .line
- .ce
- \ \ B
- .ce
- 1\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Multilink operation
- .ce
- \ \ C
- .ce
- 1\ 1\ 1\ 1\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0
- .ce
- .line
- .ce
- \ \ D
- .ce
- 1\ 1\ 1\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- \fINote\fR
- .ce
- \ \(em\ The DCE will discard all frames received with an address other
- than\ A or\ B (single link operation), or\ C or\ D (multilink operation).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.3
- .ce
- \fILAPB procedure for the use of the P/F bit\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE or DTE receiving an SABM/SABME, DISC, supervisory command or I\
- frame with the P\ bit set to\ 1 will set the F\ bit to\ 1 in the next response
- frame it transmits.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The response frame returned by the DCE to an SABM/SABME or DISC
- .ce
- command with the P\ bit set to\ 1 will be a UA or DM response with the
- F\ bit set to\ 1. The response frame returned by the DCE to an I\ frame
- with the P\ bit set to\ 1, received during the information transfer phase,
- will be an RR, REJ, RNR or FRMR response with the F\ bit set to\ 1. The
- response frame returned by the
- .ce
- DCE to a supervisory command with the P\ bit set to\ 1, received during the
- .ce
- information transfer phase, will be an RR, REJ, RNR or FRMR response with
- the F\ bit set to\ 1. The response frame returned by the DCE to an I\ frame
- or
- .ce
- supervisory frame with the P\ bit set to\ 1, received during the disconnected
- .ce
- phase, will be a DM response with the F\ bit set to\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The P bit may be used by the DCE in conjunction with the timer
- .ce
- recovery condition (see \(sc\ 2.4.5.9 below).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- \fINote\fR
- .ce
- \ \(em\ Other use of the P bit by the DCE is a subject for further
- .ce
- study.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4
- .ce
- \fILAPB procedure for data link set\(hyup and disconnection\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.4.4.1
- .ce
- \fIData link set\(hyup\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE will indicate that it is able to set up the data link by
- .ce
- transmitting contiguous flags (active channel state).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Either the DTE or the DCE may initiate data link set\(hyup. Prior to
- .ce
- initiation of data link set\(hyup, either the DCE or the DTE may initiate data
- .ce
- link
- .ce
- disconnection (see \(sc\ 2.4.4.3) for the purpose of insuring that the
- DCE and the DTE are in the same phase. The DCE may also transmit an unsolicited
- DM response to request the DTE to initiate data link set\(hyup.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DTE shall initiate data link set\(hyup by transmitting an SABM/SABME
- command to the DCE. If, upon receipt of the SABM/SABME command correctly,
- the DCE determines that it can enter the information transfer phase, it
- will return a UA response to the DTE, will reset its send and receive state
- variables V(S) and V(R) to zero, and will consider that the data link is
- set up. If, upon
- .ce
- receipt
- .ce
- of the SABM/SABME command correctly, the DCE determines that it cannot enter
- .ce
- the information transfer phase, it will return a DM response to the DTE as a
- .ce
- denial to the data link set\(hyup initialization and will consider that the
- .ce
- data link is
- .ce
- \fInot\fR
- .ce
- set up. In order to avoid misinterpretation of the DM response received,
- it is suggested that the DTE always sends its SABM/SABME command with the
- P\ bit set to\ 1. Otherwise, it is not possible to differentiate a DM response
- intended as a denial to data link set\(hyup from a DM response that is
- issued in a separate unsolicited sense as a request for a mode\(hysetting
- command (as described
- .ce
- in\ \(sc\ 2.4.4.4.2).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE will initiate data link set\(hyup by transmitting an SABM/SABME
- command to the DTE and starting its Timer\ T1 in order to determine when
- too
- .ce
- much time has elapsed waiting for a reply (see \(sc\ 2.4.8.1 below). Upon
- reception of a UA response from the DTE, the DCE will reset its send and
- receive state
- .ce
- variables\ V(S) and\ V(R) to zero, will stop its Timer\ T1, and will consider
- that the data link is set up. Upon reception of a DM response from the
- DTE as a
- .ce
- denial
- .ce
- to the data link set\(hyup initialization, the DCE will stop its Timer\
- T1 and will consider that the data link is \fInot\fR
- .ce
- set up.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- The DCE, having sent the SABM/SABME command, will ignore and discard any
- frames except an SABM/SABME or DISC command, or a UA or DM response
- .ce
- received from the DTE. The receipt of an SABM/SABME or DISC command from the
- .ce
- DTE will result in a collision situation that is resolved per \(sc\ 2.4.4.5
- below. Frames other than the UA and DM responses sent in response to a
- received
- .ce
- SABM/SABME or DISC command will be sent only after the data link is set
- up and if no outstanding SABM/SABME command exists.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- After the DCE sends the SABM/SABME command, if a UA or DM response is not
- received correctly, Timer\ T1 will run out in the DCE. The DCE will then
- .ce
- resend the SABM/SABME command and will restart Timer\ T1. After transmission
- of the SABM/SABME command N2 times by the DCE, appropriate higher layer
- recovery action will be initiated. The value of N2 is defined in \(sc\
- 2.4.8.4 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4.2
- .ce
- \fIInformation transfer phase\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- After having transmitted the UA response to the SABM/SABME command or having
- received the UA response to a transmitted SABM/SABME command, the DCE will
- accept and transmit I and supervisory frames according to the procedures
- described in \(sc\ 2.4.5 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- When receiving the SABM/SABME command while in the information
- .ce
- transfer phase, the DCE will conform to the data link resetting procedure
- .ce
- described in \(sc\ 2.4.7 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4.3
- .ce
- \fIData link disconnection\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DTE shall initiate a disconnect of the data link by
- .ce
- transmitting a DISC command to the DCE. On correctly receiving a DISC command
- in the information transfer phase, the DCE will send a UA response and
- enter
- .ce
- the disconnected phase. On correctly receiving a DISC command in the
- .ce
- disconnected phase, the DCE will send a DM response and remain in the
- .ce
- disconnected phase. In order to avoid misinterpretation of the DM response
- .ce
- received, it is suggested that the DTE always sends its DISC command with
- the P\ bit set to\ 1. Otherwise, it is not possible to differentiate a
- DM response
- .ce
- intended as an indication that the DCE is already in the disconnected phase
- .ce
- from a DM response that is issued in a separate unsolicited sense as a
- request for a mode\(hysetting command (as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.4.2).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- The DCE will initiate a disconnect of the data link by transmitting a DISC
- command to the DTE and starting its Timer\ T1 (see \(sc\ 2.4.8.1 below).
- Upon reception of an UA response from the DTE, the DCE will stop its Timer\
- T1 and
- .ce
- will enter the disconnected phase. Upon reception of a DM response from
- the DTE as an indication that the DTE was already in the disconnected phase,
- the DCE
- .ce
- will stop its Timer\ T1 and will enter the disconnected phase.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE, having sent the DISC command, will ignore and discard any
- .ce
- frames except an SABM/SABME or DISC command, or a UA or DM response received
- .ce
- from the DTE. The receipt of an SABM/SABME or DISC command from the DTE will
- .ce
- result in a collision situation that is resolved per \(sc\ 2.4.4.5 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- After the DCE sends the DISC command, if a UA or DM response is not
- .ce
- received correctly, Timer\ T1 will run out in the DCE. The DCE will then
- resend the DISC command and will restart Timer\ T1. After transmission
- of the DISC
- .ce
- command N2 times by the DCE, appropriate higher layer recovery action will
- be initiated. The value of N2 is defined in \(sc\ 2.4.8.4 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4.4
- .ce
- \fIDisconnected phase\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4.4.1
- .ce
- After having received a DISC command from the DTE and
- .ce
- returned a UA response to the DTE, or having received the UA response to a
- .ce
- transmitted DISC command, the DCE will enter the disconnected phase.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- In the disconnected phase, the DCE may initiate data link set\(hyup. In
- the disconnected phase, the DCE will react to the receipt of an SABM/SABME
- command as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1 above and will transmit a DM response
- in
- .ce
- answer to a received DISC command. When receiving any other command (defined,
- or undefined or not implemented) with the P\ bit set to\ 1, the DCE will
- transmit a DM response with the F\ bit set to\ 1. Other frames received
- in the
- .ce
- disconnected phase will be ignored by the DCE.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4.4.2
- .ce
- When the DCE enters the disconnected phase after
- .ce
- detecting error conditions as listed in \(sc\ 2.4.6 below, or after an internal
- .ce
- malfunction, it may indicate this by sending a DM response rather than
- a DISC command. In these cases, the DCE will transmit a DM response and
- start its
- .ce
- Timer\ T1 (see \(sc\ 2.4.8.1 below).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If Timer T1 runs out before the reception of an SABM/SABME or DISC command
- from the DTE, the DCE will retransmit the DM response and restart
- .ce
- Timer\ T1. After transmission of the DM response N2 times, the DCE will
- remain in the disconnected phase and appropriate recovery actions will
- be initiated. The value of N2 is defined in \(sc\ 2.4.8.4 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Alternatively, after an internal malfunction, the DCE may either
- .ce
- initiate a data link resetting procedure (see \(sc\ 2.4.7 below) or disconnect
- the data link (see \(sc\ 2.4.4.3 above) prior to initiating a data link
- set\(hyup
- .ce
- procedure (see \(sc\ 2.4.4.1 above).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4.5
- .ce
- \fICollision of unnumbered commands\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Collision situations shall be resolved in the following way:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4.5.1
- .ce
- If the sent and received unnumbered commands are the
- .ce
- same, the DCE and the DTE shall each send the UA response at the earliest
- .ce
- possible opportunity. The DCE shall enter the indicated phase either,
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 1)
- .ce
- after receiving the UA response,
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2)
- .ce
- after sending the UA response, or
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 3)
- .ce
- after timing out waiting for the UA response having sent a
- .ce
- UA response.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- In the case of 2) above, the DCE will accept a subsequent UA
- .ce
- response to the mode\(hysetting command it issued without causing an exception
- .ce
- condition if received within the time\(hyout interval.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.4.4.5.2
- .ce
- If the sent and received unnumbered commands are
- .ce
- different, the DCE and the DTE shall each enter the disconnected phase and
- .ce
- issue a DM response at the earliest possible opportunity.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4.6
- .ce
- \fICollision of DM response with SABM/SABME or DISC\fR
- .ce
-
- .ce
- \fIcommand\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- When a DM response is issued by the DCE or DTE as an unsolicited
- .ce
- response to request the DTE or DCE, respectively, to issue a mode\(hysetting
- .ce
- command as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.4, a collision between an SABM/SABME
- or DISC
- .ce
- command and the unsolicited DM response may occur. In order to avoid
- .ce
- misinterpretation of the DM response received, the DTE always sends its
- .ce
- SABM/SABME or DISC command with the P\ bit set to\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4.7
- .ce
- \fICollision of DM responses\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- A contention situation may occur when both the DCE and the DTE
- .ce
- issue a DM response to request a mode\(hysetting command. In this case, the DTE
- .ce
- will issue an SABM/SABME command to resolve the contention situation.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.4.5
- .ce
- \fILAPB procedures for information transfer\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The procedures which apply to the transmission of I\ frames in each direction
- during the information transfer phase are described below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- In the following, \*Qnumber one higher\*U is in reference to a
- .ce
- continuously repeated sequence series, i.e., 7 is 1\ higher than 6 and 0 is
- .ce
- 1\ higher than 7 for modulo\ 8 series, and 127 is 1\ higher than 126 and 0 is
- .ce
- 1\ higher than 127 for modulo\ 128 series.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.5.1
- .ce
- \fISending I frames\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- When the DCE has an I frame to transmit (i.e. an I frame not
- .ce
- already transmitted, or having to be retransmitted as described in \(sc\
- 2.4.5.6
- .ce
- below), it will transmit it with an N(S) equal to its current send state
- .ce
- variable V(S), and an N(R) equal to its current receive state variable
- V(R). At the end of the transmission of the I\ frame, the DCE will increment
- its send
- .ce
- state variable V(S) by\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If Timer T1 is not running at the time of transmission of an I frame, it
- will be started.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If the send state variable V(S) is equal to the last value of N(R)
- .ce
- received plus \fIk\fR
- .ce
- (where \fIk\fR
- .ce
- is the maximum number of outstanding I\ frames \(em
- .ce
- see \(sc\ 2.4.8.6 below), the DCE will not transmit any new I\ frames, but may
- .ce
- retransmit an I\ frame as described in \(sc\(sc\ 2.4.5.6 or 2.4.5.9 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- When the DCE is in the busy condition, it may still transmit I frames,
- provided that the DTE is not busy. When the DCE is in the frame rejection
- .ce
- condition, it will stop transmitting I\ frames.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.5.2
- .ce
- \fIReceiving an I frame\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.5.2.1
- .ce
- When the DCE is not in a busy condition and receives a valid I\ frame whose
- send sequence number N(S) is equal to the DCE receive state
- .ce
- variable V(R), the DCE will accept the information field of this frame,
- .ce
- increment by one its receive state variable V(R), and act as follows:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- a)
- .ce
- If the DCE is still not in a busy condition:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- i)
- .ce
- If an I frame is available for transmission by the
- .ce
- DCE, it may act as in \(sc\ 2.4.5.1 above and acknowledge
- .ce
- the received I frame by setting N(R) in the control field
- .ce
- of the next transmitted I\ frame to the value of the DCE
- .ce
- receive state variable V(R). Alternatively, the DCE may
- .ce
- acknowledge the received I\ frame by transmitting an RR
- .ce
- frame with the N(R) equal to the value of the DCE receive
- .ce
- state variable V(R).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- ii)
- .ce
- If no I frame is available for transmission by the
- .ce
- DCE, it will transmit an RR frame with N(R) equal to the
- .ce
- value of the DCE receive state variable V(R).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- b)
- .ce
- If the DCE is now in a busy condition, it will transmit an
- .ce
- RNR frame with N(R) equal to the value of the DCE receive
- .ce
- state variable V(R) (see \(sc\ 2.4.5.8).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.4.5.2.2
- .ce
- When the DCE is in a busy condition, it may ignore the
- .ce
- information field contained in any received I\ frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.5.3
- .ce
- \fIReception of invalid frames\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- When the DCE receives an invalid frame (see \(sc\ 2.3.5.3), this frame
- will be discarded.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.5.4
- .ce
- \fIReception of out\(hyof\(hysequence I frames\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- When the DCE receives a valid I frame whose send sequence number
- .ce
- N(S) is incorrect, i.e.,\ not equal to the current DCE receive state variable
- .ce
- V(R), it will discard the information field of the I\ frame and transmit
- an REJ frame with the N(R) set to one higher than the N(S) of the last
- correctly
- .ce
- received I\ frame. The REJ frame will be a command frame with the P\ bit
- set to\ 1 if an acknowledged transfer of the retransmission request is
- required;
- .ce
- otherwise the REJ frame may be either a command or a response frame. The DCE
- .ce
- will then discard the information field of all I\ frames received until the
- .ce
- expected I\ frame is correctly received. When receiving the expected I\ frame,
- .ce
- the DCE will then acknowledge the I\ frame as described in \(sc\ 2.4.5.2
- above. The DCE will use the N(R) and P\ bit information in the discarded
- I\ frames as
- .ce
- described in \(sc\ 2.3.5.2 above.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.5.5
- .ce
- \fIReceiving acknowledgement\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- When correctly receiving an I frame or a supervisory frame (RR, RNR or
- REJ), even in the busy condition, the DCE will consider the N(R) contained
- in this frame as an acknowledgement for all I\ frames it has transmitted
- with an N(S) up to and including the received N(R)\(em1. The DCE will stop
- Timer\ T1 when it correctly receives an I\ frame or a supervisory frame
- with the N(R) higher
- .ce
- than the last received N(R) (actually acknowledging some I\ frames), or
- an REJ frame with an N(R) equal to the last received N(R).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- If Timer T1 has been stopped by the receipt on an I, RR or RNR frame, and
- if there are outstanding I\ frames still unacknowledged, the DCE will
- .ce
- restart Timer\ T1. If Timer\ T1 then runs out, the DCE will follow the
- recovery procedure (\(sc\ 2.4.5.9 below) with respect to the unacknowledged
- I\ frames. If
- .ce
- Timer\ T1 has been stopped by the receipt of an REJ frame, the DCE will
- follow the retransmission procedures in \(sc\ 2.4.5.6 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.5.6
- .ce
- \fIReceiving an REJ frame\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- When receiving an REJ frame, the DCE will set its send state
- .ce
- variable V(S) to the N(R) received in the REJ control field. It will transmit
- the corresponding I\ frame as soon as it is available or retransmit it
- in
- .ce
- accordance with the procedures described in \(sc\ 2.4.5.1 above. (Re)transmission
- will conform to the following procedure:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- i)
- .ce
- if the DCE is transmitting a supervisory command or response
- .ce
- when it receives the REJ frame, it will complete that
- .ce
- transmission before commencing transmission of the requested
- .ce
- I\ frame;
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- ii)
- .ce
- if the DCE is transmitting an unnumbered command or
- .ce
- response when it receives the REJ frame, it will ignore the
- .ce
- request for retransmission;
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- iii)
- .ce
- if the DCE is transmitting an I frame when the REJ frame
- .ce
- is received, it may abort the I\ frame and commence transmission
- .ce
- of the requested I\ frame immediately after abortion;
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- iv)
- .ce
- if the DCE is not transmitting any frame when the REJ frame
- .ce
- is received, it will commence transmission of the requested
- .ce
- I\ frame immediately.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- In all cases, if other unacknowledged I frames had already been
- .ce
- transmitted following the one indicated in the REJ frame, then those I
- frames will be retransmitted by the DCE following the retransmission of
- the requested I\ frame. Other I\ frames not yet transmitted may be transmitted
- following the
- .ce
- retransmitted I\ frames.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If the REJ frame was received from the DTE as a command with the P bit
- set to\ 1, the DCE will transmit an RR, RNR or REJ response with the F
- bit set to\ 1 before transmitting or retransmitting the corresponding I\
- frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.5.7
- .ce
- \fIReceiving an RNR frame\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- After receiving an RNR frame whose N(R) acknowledges all frames
- .ce
- previously transmitted, the DCE will stop Timer\ T1 and may then transmit
- .ce
- an I\ frame, with the P\ bit set to\ 0, whose send sequence number is
- .ce
- equal to the N(R) indicated in the RNR frame, restarting Timer\ T1 as it
- does. After receiving an RNR frame whose N(R) indicates a previously transmitted
- .ce
- frame, the DCE will not transmit or retransmit any I\ frame, Timer\ T1 being
- .ce
- already running. In either case, if the Timer\ T1 runs out before receipt
- of a busy clearance indication, the DCE will follow the procedure described
- in
- .ce
- \(sc\ 2.4.5.9\ below. In any case, the DCE will not transmit any other
- I\ frames
- .ce
- before receiving an RR or REJ frame, or before the completion of a link
- .ce
- resetting procedure.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Alternatively, after receiving an RNR frame, the DCE may wait for a
- .ce
- period of time (e.g.,\ the length of the Timer\ T1) and then transmit a
- .ce
- supervisory command frame (RR, RNR or REJ) with the P\ bit set to\ 1, and
- start Timer\ T1, in order to determine if there is any change in the receive
- status of the DTE. The DTE shall respond to the P\ bit set to\ 1 with a
- supervisory
- .ce
- response frame (RR, RNR or REJ) with the F\ bit set to\ 1 indicating either
- .ce
- continuance of the busy condition (RNR) or clearance of the busy condition
- (RR or REJ). Upon receipt of the DTE response, Timer\ T1 is stopped.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 1)
- .ce
- If the response is the RR or REJ response, the busy
- .ce
- condition is cleared and the DCE may transmit I\ frames beginning
- .ce
- with the I\ frame identified by the N(R) in the received response
- .ce
- frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2)
- .ce
- If the response is the RNR response, the busy condition
- .ce
- still exists, and the DCE will after a period of time (e.g.\ the
- .ce
- length of Timer\ T1) repeat the enquiry of the DTE receive
- .ce
- status.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If Timer T1 runs out before a status response is received, the
- .ce
- enquiry process above is repeated. If N2 attempts to get a status response
- fail (i.e.\ Timer\ T1 runs out N2\ times), the DCE will initiate a data
- link resetting procedure as described in \(sc\ 2.4.7.2\ below or will transmit
- a DM response to ask the DTE to initiate a data link set\(hyup procedure
- as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1 and enter the disconnected phase. The value
- of N2 is defined in \(sc\ 2.4.8.4\ below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- If, at any time during the enquiry process, an unsolicited RR or REJ frame
- is received from the DTE, it will be considered to be an indication of
- .ce
- clearance of the busy condition. Should the unsolicited RR or REJ frame be a
- .ce
- command frame with the P bit set to\ 1, the appropriate response frame
- with the F\ bit set to 1 must be transmitted before the DCE may resume
- transmission of
- .ce
- I\ frames. If Timer\ T1 is running, the DCE will wait for the non\(hybusy
- response with the F bit set to\ 1 or will wait for Timer\ T1 to run out
- and then either
- .ce
- may reinitiate the enquiry process in order to realize a successful P/F bit
- .ce
- exchange or may resume transmission of I frames beginning with the I\ frame
- .ce
- identified by the N(R) in the received RR or REJ frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.5.8
- .ce
- \fIDCE busy condition\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- When the DCE enters a busy condition, it will transmit an RNR frame at
- the earliest opportunity. The RNR frame will be a command frame with the
- P bit set to\ 1 if an acknowledged transfer of the busy condition indication
- is
- .ce
- required; otherwise the RNR frame may be either a command or a response
- frame. While in the busy condition, the DCE will accept and process supervisory
- .ce
- frames, will accept and process the contents of the N(R) fields of I\ frames,
- .ce
- and will return an RNR response with the F bit set to\ 1 if it receives a
- .ce
- supervisory command or I command frame with the P bit set to\ 1. To clear the
- .ce
- busy condition, the DCE will transmit either an REJ frame or an RR frame, with
- .ce
- N(R) set to the current receive state variable V(R), depending on whether or
- .ce
- not it discarded information fields of correctly received I\ frames. The REJ
- .ce
- frame or the RR frame will be a command frame with the P bit set to\ 1 if an
- .ce
- acknowledged transfer of the busy\(hyto\(hynon\(hybusy transition is required,
- otherwise the REJ frame or the RR frame may be either a command or a response
- frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.4.5.9
- .ce
- \fIWaiting acknowledgement\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE maintains an internal transmission attempt variable which is set
- to\ 0 when the DCE sends a UA response, when the DCE receives a UA
- .ce
- response or an RNR command or response, or when the DCE correctly receives
- an I\ frame or supervisory frame with the N(R) higher than the last received
- N(R) (actually acknowledging some outstanding I\ frames).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If Timer T1 runs out waiting for the acknowledgement from the DTE for an
- I\ frame transmitted, the DCE will enter the timer recovery condition,
- add
- .ce
- one to its transmission attempt variable and set an internal variable \fIx\fR
- .ce
- to
- .ce
- the current value of its send state variable V(S). The DCE will then restart
- .ce
- Timer T1, set its send state variable V(S) to the last value of N(R) received
- from the DTE and retransmit the corresponding I\ frame with the P bit set
- to\ 1, or transmit an appropriate supervisory command frame (RR, RNR or
- REJ) with the P\ bit set to\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- The timer recovery condition is cleared when the DCE receives a valid supervisory
- frame with the F\ bit\ set to\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If, while in the timer recovery condition, the DCE correctly receives a
- supervisory frame with the F bit set to\ 1 and with the N(R) within the
- range from its current send state variable V(S) to \fIx\fR
- .ce
- included, it will clear the
- .ce
- timer recovery condition (including stopping Timer\ T1) and set its send
- state variable V(S) to the value of the received N(R), and may then resume
- with
- .ce
- I\ frame transmission or retransmission, as appropriate.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If, while in the timer recovery condition, the DCE correctly receives an
- I or supervisory frame with the P/F bit set to\ 0 and with a valid N(R)
- (see \(sc\ 2.3.4.9), it will not clear the timer recovery condition. The
- value of the
- .ce
- received N(R) may be used to update the send state variable V(S). However,
- the DCE may decide to keep the last transmitted I\ frame in store (even
- if it is
- .ce
- acknowledged) in order to be able to retransmit it with the P bit set to\
- 1 when Timer\ T1 runs out at a later time.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- If the received supervisory frame with the P/F bit set to\ 0 is an REJ
- frame with a valid N(R), the DCE may either immediately initiate
- .ce
- (re)transmission from the value of the send state variable V(S), or it may
- .ce
- ignore the request for retransmission and wait until the supervisory frame
- with the F bit set to\ 1 is received before initiating (re)transmission
- of frames
- .ce
- from the value identified in the N(R) field of the supervisory frame with
- the F\ bit set to\ 1. In the case of immediate retransmission, in order
- to prevent
- .ce
- duplicate retransmissions following the clearance of the timer recovery
- .ce
- condition, the DCE shall inhibit retransmission of a specific I\ frame [same
- .ce
- N(R) in the same numbering cycle] if the DCE has retransmitted that I\
- frame as the result of a received REJ frame with the P/F bit set to\ 0.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If, while in the timer recovery condition, the DCE receives a REJ
- .ce
- command with the P bit set to\ 1, the DCE will respond immediately with an
- .ce
- appropriate supervisory response with the F bit set to\ 1. The DCE may
- then use the value of the N(R) in the REJ command to update the send state
- variable
- .ce
- V(S), and may either immediately begin (re)transmission from the value N(R)
- .ce
- indicated in the REJ frame or ignore the request for retransmission and wait
- .ce
- until the supervisory frame with the F bit set to\ 1 is received before
- .ce
- initiating (re)transmission of I\ frames from the value identified in the
- N(R) field of the supervisory frame with the F\ bit set to\ 1. In the case
- of
- .ce
- immediate retransmission, in order to prevent duplicate retransmissions
- .ce
- following the clearance of the timer recovery condition, the DCE shall
- inhibit retransmission of a specific I\ frame [same N(R) in the same numbering
- cycle]
- .ce
- if the DCE has retransmitted that I\ frame as the result of the received REJ
- .ce
- command with the P\ bit set to\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If Timer T1 runs out in the timer recovery condition, and no I or
- .ce
- supervisory frame with the P/F bit set to 0 and with a valid N(R) has been
- .ce
- received, or no REJ command with the P bit set to\ 1 and with a valid N(R)
- has been received, the DCE will add one to its transmission attempt variable,
- .ce
- restart Timer\ T1, and either retransmit the I frame sent with the P bit set
- .ce
- to\ 1 or transmit an appropriate supervisory command with the P bit set to\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- If the transmission attempt variable is equal to N2, the DCE will
- .ce
- initiate a data link resetting procedure as described in \(sc\ 2.4.7.2
- below, or
- .ce
- will transmit a DM response to ask the DTE to initiate a data link set\(hyup
- .ce
- procedure as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1 above and enter the disconnected
- phase. N2 is a system parameter (see \(sc\ 2.4.8.4 below).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- \fINote\fR
- .ce
- \ \(em\ Although the DCE may implement the internal variable \fIx\fR
- .ce
- ,
- .ce
- other mechanisms do exist that achieve the identical function.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.6
- .ce
- \fILAPB conditions for \fR
- .ce
- \fIdata link resetting or data link\fR
- .ce
-
- .ce
- \fIre\(hyinitialization\fR
- .ce
- \fI(data link set\(hyup)\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.6.1
- .ce
- When the DCE receives, during the information transfer phase, a
- .ce
- frame which is not invalid (see \(sc\ 2.3.5.3) with one of the conditions
- listed in \(sc\ 2.3.4.9 above, the DCE will request the DTE to initiate
- a data link resetting procedure by transmitting an FRMR response to the
- DTE as described in
- .ce
- \(sc\ 2.4.7.3.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.6.2
- .ce
- When the DCE receives, during the information transfer phase, an FRMR response
- from the DTE, the DCE will either initiate the data link
- .ce
- resetting procedures itself as described in \(sc\ 2.4.7.2 or return a DM
- response to ask the DTE to initiate the data link set\(hyup (initialization)
- procedure as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1. After transmitting a DM response,
- the DCE will enter
- .ce
- the disconnected phase as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.4.2.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.6.3
- .ce
- When the DCE receives, during the information transfer phase, a UA response,
- or an unsolicited response with the F bit set to\ 1, the DCE may
- .ce
- either initiate the data link resetting procedures itself as described in
- .ce
- \(sc\ 2.4.7.2, or return a DM response to ask the DTE to initiate the data link
- .ce
- set\(hyup (initialization) procedure as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1. After
- transmitting a DM response, the DCE will enter the disconnected phase as
- described in
- .ce
- \(sc\ 2.4.4.4.2.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.6.4
- .ce
- When the DCE receives, during the information transfer phase, a DM response
- from the DTE, the DCE will either initiate the data link set\(hyup
- .ce
- (initialization) procedures itself as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1, or return
- a DM
- .ce
- response to ask the DTE to initiate the data link set\(hyup (initialization)
- .ce
- procedures as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1. After transmitting a DM response,
- the DCE will enter the disconnected phase as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.4.2.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.4.7
- .ce
- \fILAPB procedure for data link resetting\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.7.1
- .ce
- The data link resetting procedure is used to initialize both
- .ce
- directions of information transfer according to the procedure described
- below. The data link resetting procedure only applies during the information
- transfer phase.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.7.2
- .ce
- Either the DTE or the DCE may initiate the data link resetting
- .ce
- procedure. The data link resetting procedure indicates a clearance of a DCE
- .ce
- and/or DTE busy condition, if present.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DTE shall initiate a data link resetting by transmitting an
- .ce
- SABM/SABME command to the DCE. If, upon correct receipt of the SABM/SABME
- .ce
- command, the DCE determines that it can continue in the information transfer
- .ce
- phase, it will return a UA response to the DTE, will reset its send and
- receive state variables V(S) and V(R) to zero, and will remain in the information
- .ce
- transfer phase. If, upon correct receipt of the SABM/SABME command, the DCE
- .ce
- determines that it cannot remain in the information transfer phase, it will
- .ce
- return a DM response as a denial to the resetting request and will enter the
- .ce
- disconnected phase.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE will initiate a data link resetting by transmitting an
- .ce
- SABM/SABME command to the DTE and starting its Timer\ T1 (see \(sc\ 2.4.8.1
- below). Upon reception of a UA response from the DTE, the DCE will reset
- its send and receive state variables V(S) and V(R) to zero, will stop its
- Timer\ T1, and will remain in the information transfer phase. Upon reception
- of a DM response from the DTE as a denial to the data link resetting request,
- the DCE will stop its Timer\ T1 and will enter the disconnected phase.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE, having sent an SABM/SABME command, will ignore and discard
- .ce
- any frames received from the DTE except an SABM/SABME or DISC command,
- or a UA or DM response. The receipt of an SABM/SABME or DISC command from
- the DTE will result in a collision situation that is resolved per \(sc\
- 2.4.4.5 above. Frames
- .ce
- other than the UA or DM response sent in response to a received SABM/SABME
- or DISC command will be sent only after the data link is reset and if no
- .ce
- outstanding SABM/SABME command exists.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- After the DCE sends the SABM/SABME command, if a UA or DM response is not
- received correctly, Timer\ T1 will run out in the DCE. The DCE will then
- .ce
- resend the SABM/SABME command and will restart Timer\ T1. After N2 attempts
- to reset the data link, the DCE will initiate appropriate higher layer
- recovery
- .ce
- action and will enter the disconnected phase. The value of N2 is defined in
- .ce
- \(sc\ 2.4.8.4 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.7.3
- .ce
- The DCE may ask the DTE to reset the data link by transmitting an FRMR
- response (see \(sc\ 2.4.6.1 above). After transmitting an FRMR response,
- .ce
- the DCE will enter the frame rejection condition.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The frame rejection condition is cleared when the DCE receives an SABM/SABME
- command, a DISC command, a FRMR response, or a DM response; or if
- .ce
- the DCE transmits an SABM/SABME command, a DISC command, or a DM response.
- .ce
- Other commands received while in the frame rejection condition will cause
- the DCE to retransmit the FRMR response with the same information field
- as
- .ce
- originally transmitted.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE may start Timer\ T1 on transmission of the FRMR response. If
- .ce
- Timer\ T1 runs out before the frame rejection condition is cleared, the
- DCE may retransmit the FRMR response, and restart T1. After N2 attempts
- (time outs) to get the DTE to reset the data link, the DCE may reset the
- data link itself as described in \(sc\ 2.4.7.2 above. The value of N2 is
- defined in \(sc\ 2.4.8.4 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- In the frame rejection condition, I frames and supervisory frames will
- not be transmitted by the DCE. Also, received I frames and supervisory
- frames will be discarded by the DCE except for the observance of a P bit
- set to\ 1.
- .ce
- When an additional FRMR response must be transmitted by the DCE as a result
- of the receipt of a P\ bit set to 1 while Timer\ T1 is running, Timer\
- T1 will
- .ce
- continue to run. Upon reception of an FRMR response (even during a frame
- .ce
- rejection condition), the DCE will initiate a resetting procedure by
- .ce
- transmitting an SABM/SABME command as described in \(sc\ 2.4.7.2 above, or will
- .ce
- transmit a DM response to ask the DTE to initiate the data link set\(hyup
- .ce
- procedure as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1 and enter the disconnected phase.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.8
- .ce
- \fIList of \fR
- .ce
- \fILAPB system parameters\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE and DTE system parameters are as follows:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.4.8.1
- .ce
- \fITimer\fR
- .ce
- \fIT1\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The value of the DTE Timer T1 system parameter may be different
- .ce
- than the value of the DCE Timer T1 system parameter. These values shall
- be made known to both the DTE and the DCE, and agreed to for a period of
- time by both the DTE and the DCE.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The period of Timer T1, at the end of which retransmission of a frame may
- be initiated (see \(sc\ 2.4.4 and \(sc\ 2.4.5 above for the DCE), shall
- take into account whether T1 is started at the beginning or the end of
- the transmission of a frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The proper operation of the procedure requires that the transmitter's (DCE
- or DTE) Timer\ T1 be greater than the maximum time between transmission
- of a frame (SABM/SABME, DISC, I\ or supervisory command, or DM or FRMR
- response)
- .ce
- and the reception of the corresponding frame returned as an answer to that
- .ce
- frame (UA, DM or acknowledging frame). Therefore, the receiver (DCE or DTE)
- .ce
- should not delay the response or acknowledging frame returned to one of the
- .ce
- above frames by more than a value\ T2, where T2 is a system parameter (see
- .ce
- \(sc\ 2.4.8.2).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- The DCE will not delay the response or acknowledging frame returned to
- one of the above DTE frames by more than a period\ T2.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.8.2
- .ce
- \fIParameter T2\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The value of the DTE parameter T2 may be different than the value of the
- DCE parameter T2. These values shall be made known to both the DTE and
- the DCE, and agreed to for a period of time by both the DTE and the DCE.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- The period of parameter T2 shall indicate the amount of time
- .ce
- available at the DCE or DTE before the acknowledging frame must be initiated
- in order to ensure its receipt by the DTE or DCE, respectively, prior to
- Timer\ T1 running out at the DTE or DCE (parameter\ T2\ <\ Timer\ T1).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- \fINote\fR
- .ce
- \ \(em\ The period of parameter T2 shall take into account the
- .ce
- following timing factors: the transmission time of the acknowledging frame,
- the propagation time over the access data link, the stated processing times
- at the DCE and the DTE, and the time to complete the transmission of the
- frame(s) in the DCE or DTE transmit queue that are neither displaceable
- or modifiable in an orderly manner.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- Given a value for Timer T1 for the DTE or DCE, the value of parameter T2
- at the DCE or DTE, respectively, must be no larger than T1 minus\ 2 times
- the propagation time over the access data link, minus the frame processing
- time at the DCE, minus the frame processing time at the DTE, and minus
- the transmission time of the acknowledging frame by the DCE or DTE, respectively.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.4.8.3
- .ce
- \fITimer T3\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE shall support a Timer T3 system parameter, the value of
- .ce
- which shall be made known to the DTE.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The period of Timer T3, at the end of which an indication of an
- .ce
- observed excessively long idle channel state condition is passed to the
- Packet Layer, shall be sufficiently greater than the period of the DCE
- Timer T1
- .ce
- (i.e.\ T3\ >\ T1) so that the expiration of T3 provides the desired level of
- .ce
- assurance that the data link channel is in a non\(hyactive, non\(hyoperational
- state, and is in need of data link set\(hyup before normal data link operation
- can
- .ce
- resume.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.8.4
- .ce
- \fIMaximum number of attempts\fR
- .ce
- \fIto complete a\fR
- .ce
-
- .ce
- \fItransmission N2\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- The value of the DTE N2 system parameter may be different than the value
- of the DCE N2 system parameter. These values shall be made known to both
- the DTE and the DCE, and agreed to for a period of time by both the DTE
- and the DCE.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The value of N2 shall indicate the maximum number of attempts made by the
- DCE or DTE to complete the successful transmission of a frame to the DTE
- or DCE, respectively.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.8.5
- .ce
- \fIMaximum number of bits in an I frame N1\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The value of the DTE N1 system parameter may be different than the value
- of the DCE N1 system parameter. These values shall be made known to both
- the DTE and the DCE.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The values of N1 shall indicate the maximum number of bits in an
- .ce
- I\ frame (excluding flags and 0\ bits inserted for transparency) that the
- DCE or DTE is willing to accept from the DTE or DCE, respectively.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- In order to allow for universal operation, a DTE should support a
- .ce
- value of DTE N1 which is not less than 1080\ bits (135\ octets). DTEs should
- be aware that the network may transmit longer packets (see \(sc\ 5.2),
- that may result in a data link layer problem.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- All networks shall offer to a DTE which requires it, a value of DCE N1
- which is greater than or equal to 2072\ bits (259\ octets) plus the length
- of the address, control and FCS fields at the DTE/DCE interface, and greater
- than or equal to the maximum length of the data packets which may cross
- the DTE/DCE
- .ce
- interface plus the length of the address, control and FCS fields at the
- DTE/DCE interface.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Appendix II provides a description of how the values stated above are derived.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.8.6
- .ce
- \fIMaximum number of \fR
- .ce
- \fIoutstanding I frames k\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The value of the DTE k system parameter shall be the same as the
- .ce
- value of the DCE k system parameter. This value shall be agreed to for a
- .ce
- period of time by both the DTE and the DCE.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The value of k shall indicate the maximum number of sequentially
- .ce
- numbered I\ frames that the DTE or DCE may have outstanding
- .ce
- (i.e.\ unacknowledged) at any given time. The value of k shall never exceed
- .ce
- seven for modulo\ 8 operation, or one hundred and twenty\(hyseven for modulo\
- 128
- .ce
- operation. All networks (DCEs) shall support a value of seven. Other values
- of k (less than and greater than seven) may also be supported by networks
- .ce
- (DCEs).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- .line
- .ce
- \fBMONTAGE : \(sc 2.5 de cette Recommandation sur le reste de cette page\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- .line
- .ad r
- \fBTable 7/X.25 [T7.25], p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .ce
- .line
- .ce
- \fBTable 8/X.25 [T8.25], p.\fR
- .ce
- 2.3.5.2
- .ce
- \fIN(S) sequence error condition\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The information field of all I frames received whose N(S) does not equal
- the receive state variable V(R) will be discarded.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- An N(S) sequence error exception condition occurs in the receiver when
- an I\ frame received contains an N(S) which is not equal to the receive
- state
- .ce
- variable V(R) at the receiver. The receiver does not acknowledge (increment
- its receive state variable) the I\ frame causing the sequence error, or
- any I\ frame which may follow, until an I\ frame with the correct N(S)
- is received.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- A DCE or DTE which receives one or more valid I frames having sequence
- errors or subsequent supervisory frames (RR, RNR and REJ) shall accept
- the
- .ce
- control information contained in the N(R) field and the P or F bit to perform
- data link control functions; e.g.\ to receive acknowledgement of previously
- .ce
- transmitted I\ frames and to cause the DCE or DTE to respond (P bit set to 1).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- The means specified in \(sc\(sc\ 2.3.5.2.1 and 2.3.5.2.2 shall be available
- for initiating the retransmission of lost or errored I\ frames following
- the
- .ce
- occurrence of an N(S) sequence error condition.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.5.2.1
- .ce
- \fIREJ recovery\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The REJ frame is used by a receiving DCE or DTE to initiate a
- .ce
- recovery (retransmission) following the detection of an N(S) sequence error.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- With respect to each direction of transmission on the data link, only one
- \*Qsent REJ\*U exception condition from a DCE or DTE, to a DTE or DCE,
- is
- .ce
- established at a time. A \*Qsent REJ\*U exception condition is cleared when the
- .ce
- requested I\ frame is received.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- A DCE or DTE receiving a REJ frame initiates sequential
- .ce
- (re\(hy)transmission of I\ frames starting with the I\ frame indicated
- by the N(R) contained in the REJ frame. The retransmitted frames may contain
- an N(R) and a P bit that are updated from, and therefore different from,
- the ones contained in the originally transmitted I\ frames.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.5.2.2
- .ce
- \fITime\(hyout recovery\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If a DCE or DTE, due to a transmission error, does not receive (or receives
- and discards) a single I\ frame or the last I\ frame(s) in a sequence of
- I\ frames, it will not detect an N(S) sequence error condition and, therefore,
- will not transmit a REJ frame. The DTE or DCE which transmitted the
- .ce
- unacknowledged I\ frame(s) shall, following the completion of a system
- specified time\(hyout period (see \(sc\(sc\ 2.4.5.1 and 2.4.5.9 below),
- take appropriate recovery action to determine at which I\ frame retransmission
- must begin. The
- .ce
- retransmitted frame(s) may contain an N(R) and a P bit that is updated from,
- .ce
- and therefore different from, the ones contained in the originally transmitted
- frame(s).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.5.3
- .ce
- \fIInvalid frame\fR
- .ce
- \fI condition\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Any frame which is invalid will be discarded, and no action is
- .ce
- taken as the result of that frame. An invalid frame is defined as one
- .ce
- which:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- a)
- .ce
- is not properly bounded by two flags;
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- b)
- .ce
- in basic (modulo 8) operation, contains fewer than 32 bits
- .ce
- between flags; in extended (modulo\ 128) operation, contains
- .ce
- fewer than 40\ bits between flags of frames that contain sequence
- .ce
- numbers or 32\ bits between flags of frames that do not contain
- .ce
- sequence numbers;
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- c)
- .ce
- contains a Frame Check Sequence (FCS) error; or
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- d)
- .ce
- contains an address other than A or B (for single link
- .ce
- operation) or other than C or D (for multilink operation).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- For those networks that are octet aligned, a detection of
- .ce
- non\(hyoctet alignment may be made at the Data Link Layer by adding a frame
- .ce
- validity check that requires the number of bits between the opening flag and
- .ce
- the closing flag, excluding bits inserted for transparency, to be an integral
- number of octets in length, or the frame is considered invalid.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.5.4
- .ce
- \fIFrame rejection\fR
- .ce
- \fI condition\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- A frame rejection condition is established upon the receipt of an error\(hyfree
- frame with one of the conditions listed in \(sc\ 2.3.4.9 above.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- At the DCE or DTE, this frame rejection exception condition is
- .ce
- reported by an FRMR response for appropriate DTE or DCE action, respectively.
- Once a DCE has established such an exception condition, no additional I\
- frames are accepted until the condition is reset by the DTE, except for
- examination of the P bit. The FRMR response may be repeated at each opportunity,
- as specified in \(sc\ 2.4.7.3, until recovery is effected by the DTE, or
- until the DCE initiates its own recovery in case the DTE does not respond.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.3.5.5
- .ce
- \fIExcessive idle channel state condition on incoming\fR
- .ce
-
- .ce
- \fIchannel\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Upon detection of an idle channel state condition (see \(sc\ 2.2.12.2 above)
- on the incoming channel, the DCE shall wait for a period\ T3 (see
- .ce
- \(sc\ 2.4.8.3 below) without taking any specific action, waiting for detection
- of a return to the active channel state (i.e.,\ detection of at least one
- flag
- .ce
- sequence). After the period\ T3, the DCE shall notify the higher layer
- (e.g.\ the Packet Layer or the MLP) of the excessive idle channel state
- condition, but
- .ce
- shall not take any action that would preclude the DTE from establishing the
- .ce
- data link by normal data link set\(hyup procedures.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- \fINote\fR
- .ce
- \ \(em\ Other actions to be taken by the DCE at the Data Link Layer upon
- expiration of period\ T3 is a subject for further study.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.4
- .ce
- \fIDescription of the \fR
- .ce
- \fILAPB procedure\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.1
- .ce
- \fILAPB basic and extended modes of operation\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- In accordance with the system choice made by the DTE at
- .ce
- subscription time, the DCE will either support modulo\ 8 (basic) operation or
- .ce
- will support modulo\ 128 (extended) operation. Changing from basic operation
- to extended operation, or vice versa, in the DCE requires resubscription
- by the
- .ce
- DTE for the desired service, and is not supported dynamically.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Table 5/X.25 indicates the command and response control field formats used
- with the basic (modulo\ 8) service. The mode\(hysetting command employed
- to
- .ce
- initialize (set up) or reset the basic mode is the SABM command. Table
- 6/X.25 indicates the command and response control field formats used with
- the extended (modulo\ 128) service. The mode\(hysetting command employed
- to initialize (set up) or reset the extended mode is the SABME command.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.2
- .ce
- \fILAPB procedure for addressing\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The address field identifies a frame as either a command or a
- .ce
- response. A command frame contains the address of the DCE or DTE to which
- the command is being sent. A response frame contains the address of the
- DCE or DTE sending the frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- In order to allow differentiation between single link operation and
- .ce
- the optional multilink operation for diagnostic and/or maintenance reasons,
- .ce
- different address pair encodings are assigned to data links operating with
- .ce
- multilink procedure compared to data links operating with the single link
- .ce
- procedure.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Frames containing commands transferred from the DCE to the DTE will
- .ce
- contain the address\ A for the single link operation and address\ C for the
- .ce
- multilink operation.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Frames containing responses transferred from the DCE to the DTE will contain
- the address\ B for the single link operation and address\ D for the
- .ce
- multilink operation.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- Frames containing commands transferred from the DTE to the DCE shall contain
- the address\ B for the single link operation and address\ D for the
- .ce
- multilink operation.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Frames containing responses transferred from the DTE to the DCE shall contain
- the address\ A for the single link operation and address\ C for the
- .ce
- multilink operation.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- These addresses are coded as follows:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Address
- .ce
- 1\ 2\ 3\ 4\ 5\ 6\ 7\ 8
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Single link operation
- .ce
- \ \ A
- .ce
- 1\ 1\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0
- .ce
- .line
- .ce
- \ \ B
- .ce
- 1\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Multilink operation
- .ce
- \ \ C
- .ce
- 1\ 1\ 1\ 1\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0
- .ce
- .line
- .ce
- \ \ D
- .ce
- 1\ 1\ 1\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- \fINote\fR
- .ce
- \ \(em\ The DCE will discard all frames received with an address other
- than\ A or\ B (single link operation), or\ C or\ D (multilink operation).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.3
- .ce
- \fILAPB procedure for the use of the P/F bit\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE or DTE receiving an SABM/SABME, DISC, supervisory command or I\
- frame with the P\ bit set to\ 1 will set the F\ bit to\ 1 in the next response
- frame it transmits.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The response frame returned by the DCE to an SABM/SABME or DISC
- .ce
- command with the P\ bit set to\ 1 will be a UA or DM response with the
- F\ bit set to\ 1. The response frame returned by the DCE to an I\ frame
- with the P\ bit set to\ 1, received during the information transfer phase,
- will be an RR, REJ, RNR or FRMR response with the F\ bit set to\ 1. The
- response frame returned by the
- .ce
- DCE to a supervisory command with the P\ bit set to\ 1, received during the
- .ce
- information transfer phase, will be an RR, REJ, RNR or FRMR response with
- the F\ bit set to\ 1. The response frame returned by the DCE to an I\ frame
- or
- .ce
- supervisory frame with the P\ bit set to\ 1, received during the disconnected
- .ce
- phase, will be a DM response with the F\ bit set to\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The P bit may be used by the DCE in conjunction with the timer
- .ce
- recovery condition (see \(sc\ 2.4.5.9 below).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- \fINote\fR
- .ce
- \ \(em\ Other use of the P bit by the DCE is a subject for further
- .ce
- study.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4
- .ce
- \fILAPB procedure for data link set\(hyup and disconnection\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.4.4.1
- .ce
- \fIData link set\(hyup\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE will indicate that it is able to set up the data link by
- .ce
- transmitting contiguous flags (active channel state).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Either the DTE or the DCE may initiate data link set\(hyup. Prior to
- .ce
- initiation of data link set\(hyup, either the DCE or the DTE may initiate data
- .ce
- link
- .ce
- disconnection (see \(sc\ 2.4.4.3) for the purpose of insuring that the
- DCE and the DTE are in the same phase. The DCE may also transmit an unsolicited
- DM response to request the DTE to initiate data link set\(hyup.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DTE shall initiate data link set\(hyup by transmitting an SABM/SABME
- command to the DCE. If, upon receipt of the SABM/SABME command correctly,
- the DCE determines that it can enter the information transfer phase, it
- will return a UA response to the DTE, will reset its send and receive state
- variables V(S) and V(R) to zero, and will consider that the data link is
- set up. If, upon
- .ce
- receipt
- .ce
- of the SABM/SABME command correctly, the DCE determines that it cannot enter
- .ce
- the information transfer phase, it will return a DM response to the DTE as a
- .ce
- denial to the data link set\(hyup initialization and will consider that the
- .ce
- data link is
- .ce
- \fInot\fR
- .ce
- set up. In order to avoid misinterpretation of the DM response received,
- it is suggested that the DTE always sends its SABM/SABME command with the
- P\ bit set to\ 1. Otherwise, it is not possible to differentiate a DM response
- intended as a denial to data link set\(hyup from a DM response that is
- issued in a separate unsolicited sense as a request for a mode\(hysetting
- command (as described
- .ce
- in\ \(sc\ 2.4.4.4.2).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE will initiate data link set\(hyup by transmitting an SABM/SABME
- command to the DTE and starting its Timer\ T1 in order to determine when
- too
- .ce
- much time has elapsed waiting for a reply (see \(sc\ 2.4.8.1 below). Upon
- reception of a UA response from the DTE, the DCE will reset its send and
- receive state
- .ce
- variables\ V(S) and\ V(R) to zero, will stop its Timer\ T1, and will consider
- that the data link is set up. Upon reception of a DM response from the
- DTE as a
- .ce
- denial
- .ce
- to the data link set\(hyup initialization, the DCE will stop its Timer\
- T1 and will consider that the data link is \fInot\fR
- .ce
- set up.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- The DCE, having sent the SABM/SABME command, will ignore and discard any
- frames except an SABM/SABME or DISC command, or a UA or DM response
- .ce
- received from the DTE. The receipt of an SABM/SABME or DISC command from the
- .ce
- DTE will result in a collision situation that is resolved per \(sc\ 2.4.4.5
- below. Frames other than the UA and DM responses sent in response to a
- received
- .ce
- SABM/SABME or DISC command will be sent only after the data link is set
- up and if no outstanding SABM/SABME command exists.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- After the DCE sends the SABM/SABME command, if a UA or DM response is not
- received correctly, Timer\ T1 will run out in the DCE. The DCE will then
- .ce
- resend the SABM/SABME command and will restart Timer\ T1. After transmission
- of the SABM/SABME command N2 times by the DCE, appropriate higher layer
- recovery action will be initiated. The value of N2 is defined in \(sc\
- 2.4.8.4 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4.2
- .ce
- \fIInformation transfer phase\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- After having transmitted the UA response to the SABM/SABME command or having
- received the UA response to a transmitted SABM/SABME command, the DCE will
- accept and transmit I and supervisory frames according to the procedures
- described in \(sc\ 2.4.5 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- When receiving the SABM/SABME command while in the information
- .ce
- transfer phase, the DCE will conform to the data link resetting procedure
- .ce
- described in \(sc\ 2.4.7 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4.3
- .ce
- \fIData link disconnection\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DTE shall initiate a disconnect of the data link by
- .ce
- transmitting a DISC command to the DCE. On correctly receiving a DISC command
- in the information transfer phase, the DCE will send a UA response and
- enter
- .ce
- the disconnected phase. On correctly receiving a DISC command in the
- .ce
- disconnected phase, the DCE will send a DM response and remain in the
- .ce
- disconnected phase. In order to avoid misinterpretation of the DM response
- .ce
- received, it is suggested that the DTE always sends its DISC command with
- the P\ bit set to\ 1. Otherwise, it is not possible to differentiate a
- DM response
- .ce
- intended as an indication that the DCE is already in the disconnected phase
- .ce
- from a DM response that is issued in a separate unsolicited sense as a
- request for a mode\(hysetting command (as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.4.2).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- The DCE will initiate a disconnect of the data link by transmitting a DISC
- command to the DTE and starting its Timer\ T1 (see \(sc\ 2.4.8.1 below).
- Upon reception of an UA response from the DTE, the DCE will stop its Timer\
- T1 and
- .ce
- will enter the disconnected phase. Upon reception of a DM response from
- the DTE as an indication that the DTE was already in the disconnected phase,
- the DCE
- .ce
- will stop its Timer\ T1 and will enter the disconnected phase.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE, having sent the DISC command, will ignore and discard any
- .ce
- frames except an SABM/SABME or DISC command, or a UA or DM response received
- .ce
- from the DTE. The receipt of an SABM/SABME or DISC command from the DTE will
- .ce
- result in a collision situation that is resolved per \(sc\ 2.4.4.5 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- After the DCE sends the DISC command, if a UA or DM response is not
- .ce
- received correctly, Timer\ T1 will run out in the DCE. The DCE will then
- resend the DISC command and will restart Timer\ T1. After transmission
- of the DISC
- .ce
- command N2 times by the DCE, appropriate higher layer recovery action will
- be initiated. The value of N2 is defined in \(sc\ 2.4.8.4 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4.4
- .ce
- \fIDisconnected phase\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4.4.1
- .ce
- After having received a DISC command from the DTE and
- .ce
- returned a UA response to the DTE, or having received the UA response to a
- .ce
- transmitted DISC command, the DCE will enter the disconnected phase.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- In the disconnected phase, the DCE may initiate data link set\(hyup. In
- the disconnected phase, the DCE will react to the receipt of an SABM/SABME
- command as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1 above and will transmit a DM response
- in
- .ce
- answer to a received DISC command. When receiving any other command (defined,
- or undefined or not implemented) with the P\ bit set to\ 1, the DCE will
- transmit a DM response with the F\ bit set to\ 1. Other frames received
- in the
- .ce
- disconnected phase will be ignored by the DCE.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4.4.2
- .ce
- When the DCE enters the disconnected phase after
- .ce
- detecting error conditions as listed in \(sc\ 2.4.6 below, or after an internal
- .ce
- malfunction, it may indicate this by sending a DM response rather than
- a DISC command. In these cases, the DCE will transmit a DM response and
- start its
- .ce
- Timer\ T1 (see \(sc\ 2.4.8.1 below).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If Timer T1 runs out before the reception of an SABM/SABME or DISC command
- from the DTE, the DCE will retransmit the DM response and restart
- .ce
- Timer\ T1. After transmission of the DM response N2 times, the DCE will
- remain in the disconnected phase and appropriate recovery actions will
- be initiated. The value of N2 is defined in \(sc\ 2.4.8.4 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Alternatively, after an internal malfunction, the DCE may either
- .ce
- initiate a data link resetting procedure (see \(sc\ 2.4.7 below) or disconnect
- the data link (see \(sc\ 2.4.4.3 above) prior to initiating a data link
- set\(hyup
- .ce
- procedure (see \(sc\ 2.4.4.1 above).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4.5
- .ce
- \fICollision of unnumbered commands\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Collision situations shall be resolved in the following way:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4.5.1
- .ce
- If the sent and received unnumbered commands are the
- .ce
- same, the DCE and the DTE shall each send the UA response at the earliest
- .ce
- possible opportunity. The DCE shall enter the indicated phase either,
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 1)
- .ce
- after receiving the UA response,
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2)
- .ce
- after sending the UA response, or
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 3)
- .ce
- after timing out waiting for the UA response having sent a
- .ce
- UA response.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- In the case of 2) above, the DCE will accept a subsequent UA
- .ce
- response to the mode\(hysetting command it issued without causing an exception
- .ce
- condition if received within the time\(hyout interval.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.4.4.5.2
- .ce
- If the sent and received unnumbered commands are
- .ce
- different, the DCE and the DTE shall each enter the disconnected phase and
- .ce
- issue a DM response at the earliest possible opportunity.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4.6
- .ce
- \fICollision of DM response with SABM/SABME or DISC\fR
- .ce
-
- .ce
- \fIcommand\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- When a DM response is issued by the DCE or DTE as an unsolicited
- .ce
- response to request the DTE or DCE, respectively, to issue a mode\(hysetting
- .ce
- command as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.4, a collision between an SABM/SABME
- or DISC
- .ce
- command and the unsolicited DM response may occur. In order to avoid
- .ce
- misinterpretation of the DM response received, the DTE always sends its
- .ce
- SABM/SABME or DISC command with the P\ bit set to\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.4.7
- .ce
- \fICollision of DM responses\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- A contention situation may occur when both the DCE and the DTE
- .ce
- issue a DM response to request a mode\(hysetting command. In this case, the DTE
- .ce
- will issue an SABM/SABME command to resolve the contention situation.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.4.5
- .ce
- \fILAPB procedures for information transfer\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The procedures which apply to the transmission of I\ frames in each direction
- during the information transfer phase are described below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- In the following, \*Qnumber one higher\*U is in reference to a
- .ce
- continuously repeated sequence series, i.e., 7 is 1\ higher than 6 and 0 is
- .ce
- 1\ higher than 7 for modulo\ 8 series, and 127 is 1\ higher than 126 and 0 is
- .ce
- 1\ higher than 127 for modulo\ 128 series.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.5.1
- .ce
- \fISending I frames\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- When the DCE has an I frame to transmit (i.e. an I frame not
- .ce
- already transmitted, or having to be retransmitted as described in \(sc\
- 2.4.5.6
- .ce
- below), it will transmit it with an N(S) equal to its current send state
- .ce
- variable V(S), and an N(R) equal to its current receive state variable
- V(R). At the end of the transmission of the I\ frame, the DCE will increment
- its send
- .ce
- state variable V(S) by\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If Timer T1 is not running at the time of transmission of an I frame, it
- will be started.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If the send state variable V(S) is equal to the last value of N(R)
- .ce
- received plus \fIk\fR
- .ce
- (where \fIk\fR
- .ce
- is the maximum number of outstanding I\ frames \(em
- .ce
- see \(sc\ 2.4.8.6 below), the DCE will not transmit any new I\ frames, but may
- .ce
- retransmit an I\ frame as described in \(sc\(sc\ 2.4.5.6 or 2.4.5.9 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- When the DCE is in the busy condition, it may still transmit I frames,
- provided that the DTE is not busy. When the DCE is in the frame rejection
- .ce
- condition, it will stop transmitting I\ frames.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.5.2
- .ce
- \fIReceiving an I frame\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.5.2.1
- .ce
- When the DCE is not in a busy condition and receives a valid I\ frame whose
- send sequence number N(S) is equal to the DCE receive state
- .ce
- variable V(R), the DCE will accept the information field of this frame,
- .ce
- increment by one its receive state variable V(R), and act as follows:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- a)
- .ce
- If the DCE is still not in a busy condition:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- i)
- .ce
- If an I frame is available for transmission by the
- .ce
- DCE, it may act as in \(sc\ 2.4.5.1 above and acknowledge
- .ce
- the received I frame by setting N(R) in the control field
- .ce
- of the next transmitted I\ frame to the value of the DCE
- .ce
- receive state variable V(R). Alternatively, the DCE may
- .ce
- acknowledge the received I\ frame by transmitting an RR
- .ce
- frame with the N(R) equal to the value of the DCE receive
- .ce
- state variable V(R).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- ii)
- .ce
- If no I frame is available for transmission by the
- .ce
- DCE, it will transmit an RR frame with N(R) equal to the
- .ce
- value of the DCE receive state variable V(R).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- b)
- .ce
- If the DCE is now in a busy condition, it will transmit an
- .ce
- RNR frame with N(R) equal to the value of the DCE receive
- .ce
- state variable V(R) (see \(sc\ 2.4.5.8).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.4.5.2.2
- .ce
- When the DCE is in a busy condition, it may ignore the
- .ce
- information field contained in any received I\ frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.5.3
- .ce
- \fIReception of invalid frames\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- When the DCE receives an invalid frame (see \(sc\ 2.3.5.3), this frame
- will be discarded.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.5.4
- .ce
- \fIReception of out\(hyof\(hysequence I frames\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- When the DCE receives a valid I frame whose send sequence number
- .ce
- N(S) is incorrect, i.e.,\ not equal to the current DCE receive state variable
- .ce
- V(R), it will discard the information field of the I\ frame and transmit
- an REJ frame with the N(R) set to one higher than the N(S) of the last
- correctly
- .ce
- received I\ frame. The REJ frame will be a command frame with the P\ bit
- set to\ 1 if an acknowledged transfer of the retransmission request is
- required;
- .ce
- otherwise the REJ frame may be either a command or a response frame. The DCE
- .ce
- will then discard the information field of all I\ frames received until the
- .ce
- expected I\ frame is correctly received. When receiving the expected I\ frame,
- .ce
- the DCE will then acknowledge the I\ frame as described in \(sc\ 2.4.5.2
- above. The DCE will use the N(R) and P\ bit information in the discarded
- I\ frames as
- .ce
- described in \(sc\ 2.3.5.2 above.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.5.5
- .ce
- \fIReceiving acknowledgement\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- When correctly receiving an I frame or a supervisory frame (RR, RNR or
- REJ), even in the busy condition, the DCE will consider the N(R) contained
- in this frame as an acknowledgement for all I\ frames it has transmitted
- with an N(S) up to and including the received N(R)\(em1. The DCE will stop
- Timer\ T1 when it correctly receives an I\ frame or a supervisory frame
- with the N(R) higher
- .ce
- than the last received N(R) (actually acknowledging some I\ frames), or
- an REJ frame with an N(R) equal to the last received N(R).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- If Timer T1 has been stopped by the receipt on an I, RR or RNR frame, and
- if there are outstanding I\ frames still unacknowledged, the DCE will
- .ce
- restart Timer\ T1. If Timer\ T1 then runs out, the DCE will follow the
- recovery procedure (\(sc\ 2.4.5.9 below) with respect to the unacknowledged
- I\ frames. If
- .ce
- Timer\ T1 has been stopped by the receipt of an REJ frame, the DCE will
- follow the retransmission procedures in \(sc\ 2.4.5.6 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.5.6
- .ce
- \fIReceiving an REJ frame\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- When receiving an REJ frame, the DCE will set its send state
- .ce
- variable V(S) to the N(R) received in the REJ control field. It will transmit
- the corresponding I\ frame as soon as it is available or retransmit it
- in
- .ce
- accordance with the procedures described in \(sc\ 2.4.5.1 above. (Re)transmission
- will conform to the following procedure:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- i)
- .ce
- if the DCE is transmitting a supervisory command or response
- .ce
- when it receives the REJ frame, it will complete that
- .ce
- transmission before commencing transmission of the requested
- .ce
- I\ frame;
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- ii)
- .ce
- if the DCE is transmitting an unnumbered command or
- .ce
- response when it receives the REJ frame, it will ignore the
- .ce
- request for retransmission;
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- iii)
- .ce
- if the DCE is transmitting an I frame when the REJ frame
- .ce
- is received, it may abort the I\ frame and commence transmission
- .ce
- of the requested I\ frame immediately after abortion;
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- iv)
- .ce
- if the DCE is not transmitting any frame when the REJ frame
- .ce
- is received, it will commence transmission of the requested
- .ce
- I\ frame immediately.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- In all cases, if other unacknowledged I frames had already been
- .ce
- transmitted following the one indicated in the REJ frame, then those I
- frames will be retransmitted by the DCE following the retransmission of
- the requested I\ frame. Other I\ frames not yet transmitted may be transmitted
- following the
- .ce
- retransmitted I\ frames.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If the REJ frame was received from the DTE as a command with the P bit
- set to\ 1, the DCE will transmit an RR, RNR or REJ response with the F
- bit set to\ 1 before transmitting or retransmitting the corresponding I\
- frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.5.7
- .ce
- \fIReceiving an RNR frame\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- After receiving an RNR frame whose N(R) acknowledges all frames
- .ce
- previously transmitted, the DCE will stop Timer\ T1 and may then transmit
- .ce
- an I\ frame, with the P\ bit set to\ 0, whose send sequence number is
- .ce
- equal to the N(R) indicated in the RNR frame, restarting Timer\ T1 as it
- does. After receiving an RNR frame whose N(R) indicates a previously transmitted
- .ce
- frame, the DCE will not transmit or retransmit any I\ frame, Timer\ T1 being
- .ce
- already running. In either case, if the Timer\ T1 runs out before receipt
- of a busy clearance indication, the DCE will follow the procedure described
- in
- .ce
- \(sc\ 2.4.5.9\ below. In any case, the DCE will not transmit any other
- I\ frames
- .ce
- before receiving an RR or REJ frame, or before the completion of a link
- .ce
- resetting procedure.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Alternatively, after receiving an RNR frame, the DCE may wait for a
- .ce
- period of time (e.g.,\ the length of the Timer\ T1) and then transmit a
- .ce
- supervisory command frame (RR, RNR or REJ) with the P\ bit set to\ 1, and
- start Timer\ T1, in order to determine if there is any change in the receive
- status of the DTE. The DTE shall respond to the P\ bit set to\ 1 with a
- supervisory
- .ce
- response frame (RR, RNR or REJ) with the F\ bit set to\ 1 indicating either
- .ce
- continuance of the busy condition (RNR) or clearance of the busy condition
- (RR or REJ). Upon receipt of the DTE response, Timer\ T1 is stopped.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 1)
- .ce
- If the response is the RR or REJ response, the busy
- .ce
- condition is cleared and the DCE may transmit I\ frames beginning
- .ce
- with the I\ frame identified by the N(R) in the received response
- .ce
- frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2)
- .ce
- If the response is the RNR response, the busy condition
- .ce
- still exists, and the DCE will after a period of time (e.g.\ the
- .ce
- length of Timer\ T1) repeat the enquiry of the DTE receive
- .ce
- status.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If Timer T1 runs out before a status response is received, the
- .ce
- enquiry process above is repeated. If N2 attempts to get a status response
- fail (i.e.\ Timer\ T1 runs out N2\ times), the DCE will initiate a data
- link resetting procedure as described in \(sc\ 2.4.7.2\ below or will transmit
- a DM response to ask the DTE to initiate a data link set\(hyup procedure
- as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1 and enter the disconnected phase. The value
- of N2 is defined in \(sc\ 2.4.8.4\ below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- If, at any time during the enquiry process, an unsolicited RR or REJ frame
- is received from the DTE, it will be considered to be an indication of
- .ce
- clearance of the busy condition. Should the unsolicited RR or REJ frame be a
- .ce
- command frame with the P bit set to\ 1, the appropriate response frame
- with the F\ bit set to 1 must be transmitted before the DCE may resume
- transmission of
- .ce
- I\ frames. If Timer\ T1 is running, the DCE will wait for the non\(hybusy
- response with the F bit set to\ 1 or will wait for Timer\ T1 to run out
- and then either
- .ce
- may reinitiate the enquiry process in order to realize a successful P/F bit
- .ce
- exchange or may resume transmission of I frames beginning with the I\ frame
- .ce
- identified by the N(R) in the received RR or REJ frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.5.8
- .ce
- \fIDCE busy condition\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- When the DCE enters a busy condition, it will transmit an RNR frame at
- the earliest opportunity. The RNR frame will be a command frame with the
- P bit set to\ 1 if an acknowledged transfer of the busy condition indication
- is
- .ce
- required; otherwise the RNR frame may be either a command or a response
- frame. While in the busy condition, the DCE will accept and process supervisory
- .ce
- frames, will accept and process the contents of the N(R) fields of I\ frames,
- .ce
- and will return an RNR response with the F bit set to\ 1 if it receives a
- .ce
- supervisory command or I command frame with the P bit set to\ 1. To clear the
- .ce
- busy condition, the DCE will transmit either an REJ frame or an RR frame, with
- .ce
- N(R) set to the current receive state variable V(R), depending on whether or
- .ce
- not it discarded information fields of correctly received I\ frames. The REJ
- .ce
- frame or the RR frame will be a command frame with the P bit set to\ 1 if an
- .ce
- acknowledged transfer of the busy\(hyto\(hynon\(hybusy transition is required,
- otherwise the REJ frame or the RR frame may be either a command or a response
- frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.4.5.9
- .ce
- \fIWaiting acknowledgement\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE maintains an internal transmission attempt variable which is set
- to\ 0 when the DCE sends a UA response, when the DCE receives a UA
- .ce
- response or an RNR command or response, or when the DCE correctly receives
- an I\ frame or supervisory frame with the N(R) higher than the last received
- N(R) (actually acknowledging some outstanding I\ frames).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If Timer T1 runs out waiting for the acknowledgement from the DTE for an
- I\ frame transmitted, the DCE will enter the timer recovery condition,
- add
- .ce
- one to its transmission attempt variable and set an internal variable \fIx\fR
- .ce
- to
- .ce
- the current value of its send state variable V(S). The DCE will then restart
- .ce
- Timer T1, set its send state variable V(S) to the last value of N(R) received
- from the DTE and retransmit the corresponding I\ frame with the P bit set
- to\ 1, or transmit an appropriate supervisory command frame (RR, RNR or
- REJ) with the P\ bit set to\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- The timer recovery condition is cleared when the DCE receives a valid supervisory
- frame with the F\ bit\ set to\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If, while in the timer recovery condition, the DCE correctly receives a
- supervisory frame with the F bit set to\ 1 and with the N(R) within the
- range from its current send state variable V(S) to \fIx\fR
- .ce
- included, it will clear the
- .ce
- timer recovery condition (including stopping Timer\ T1) and set its send
- state variable V(S) to the value of the received N(R), and may then resume
- with
- .ce
- I\ frame transmission or retransmission, as appropriate.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If, while in the timer recovery condition, the DCE correctly receives an
- I or supervisory frame with the P/F bit set to\ 0 and with a valid N(R)
- (see \(sc\ 2.3.4.9), it will not clear the timer recovery condition. The
- value of the
- .ce
- received N(R) may be used to update the send state variable V(S). However,
- the DCE may decide to keep the last transmitted I\ frame in store (even
- if it is
- .ce
- acknowledged) in order to be able to retransmit it with the P bit set to\
- 1 when Timer\ T1 runs out at a later time.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- If the received supervisory frame with the P/F bit set to\ 0 is an REJ
- frame with a valid N(R), the DCE may either immediately initiate
- .ce
- (re)transmission from the value of the send state variable V(S), or it may
- .ce
- ignore the request for retransmission and wait until the supervisory frame
- with the F bit set to\ 1 is received before initiating (re)transmission
- of frames
- .ce
- from the value identified in the N(R) field of the supervisory frame with
- the F\ bit set to\ 1. In the case of immediate retransmission, in order
- to prevent
- .ce
- duplicate retransmissions following the clearance of the timer recovery
- .ce
- condition, the DCE shall inhibit retransmission of a specific I\ frame [same
- .ce
- N(R) in the same numbering cycle] if the DCE has retransmitted that I\
- frame as the result of a received REJ frame with the P/F bit set to\ 0.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If, while in the timer recovery condition, the DCE receives a REJ
- .ce
- command with the P bit set to\ 1, the DCE will respond immediately with an
- .ce
- appropriate supervisory response with the F bit set to\ 1. The DCE may
- then use the value of the N(R) in the REJ command to update the send state
- variable
- .ce
- V(S), and may either immediately begin (re)transmission from the value N(R)
- .ce
- indicated in the REJ frame or ignore the request for retransmission and wait
- .ce
- until the supervisory frame with the F bit set to\ 1 is received before
- .ce
- initiating (re)transmission of I\ frames from the value identified in the
- N(R) field of the supervisory frame with the F\ bit set to\ 1. In the case
- of
- .ce
- immediate retransmission, in order to prevent duplicate retransmissions
- .ce
- following the clearance of the timer recovery condition, the DCE shall
- inhibit retransmission of a specific I\ frame [same N(R) in the same numbering
- cycle]
- .ce
- if the DCE has retransmitted that I\ frame as the result of the received REJ
- .ce
- command with the P\ bit set to\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- If Timer T1 runs out in the timer recovery condition, and no I or
- .ce
- supervisory frame with the P/F bit set to 0 and with a valid N(R) has been
- .ce
- received, or no REJ command with the P bit set to\ 1 and with a valid N(R)
- has been received, the DCE will add one to its transmission attempt variable,
- .ce
- restart Timer\ T1, and either retransmit the I frame sent with the P bit set
- .ce
- to\ 1 or transmit an appropriate supervisory command with the P bit set to\ 1.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- If the transmission attempt variable is equal to N2, the DCE will
- .ce
- initiate a data link resetting procedure as described in \(sc\ 2.4.7.2
- below, or
- .ce
- will transmit a DM response to ask the DTE to initiate a data link set\(hyup
- .ce
- procedure as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1 above and enter the disconnected
- phase. N2 is a system parameter (see \(sc\ 2.4.8.4 below).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- \fINote\fR
- .ce
- \ \(em\ Although the DCE may implement the internal variable \fIx\fR
- .ce
- ,
- .ce
- other mechanisms do exist that achieve the identical function.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.6
- .ce
- \fILAPB conditions for \fR
- .ce
- \fIdata link resetting or data link\fR
- .ce
-
- .ce
- \fIre\(hyinitialization\fR
- .ce
- \fI(data link set\(hyup)\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.6.1
- .ce
- When the DCE receives, during the information transfer phase, a
- .ce
- frame which is not invalid (see \(sc\ 2.3.5.3) with one of the conditions
- listed in \(sc\ 2.3.4.9 above, the DCE will request the DTE to initiate
- a data link resetting procedure by transmitting an FRMR response to the
- DTE as described in
- .ce
- \(sc\ 2.4.7.3.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.6.2
- .ce
- When the DCE receives, during the information transfer phase, an FRMR response
- from the DTE, the DCE will either initiate the data link
- .ce
- resetting procedures itself as described in \(sc\ 2.4.7.2 or return a DM
- response to ask the DTE to initiate the data link set\(hyup (initialization)
- procedure as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1. After transmitting a DM response,
- the DCE will enter
- .ce
- the disconnected phase as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.4.2.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.6.3
- .ce
- When the DCE receives, during the information transfer phase, a UA response,
- or an unsolicited response with the F bit set to\ 1, the DCE may
- .ce
- either initiate the data link resetting procedures itself as described in
- .ce
- \(sc\ 2.4.7.2, or return a DM response to ask the DTE to initiate the data link
- .ce
- set\(hyup (initialization) procedure as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1. After
- transmitting a DM response, the DCE will enter the disconnected phase as
- described in
- .ce
- \(sc\ 2.4.4.4.2.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.6.4
- .ce
- When the DCE receives, during the information transfer phase, a DM response
- from the DTE, the DCE will either initiate the data link set\(hyup
- .ce
- (initialization) procedures itself as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1, or return
- a DM
- .ce
- response to ask the DTE to initiate the data link set\(hyup (initialization)
- .ce
- procedures as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1. After transmitting a DM response,
- the DCE will enter the disconnected phase as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.4.2.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.4.7
- .ce
- \fILAPB procedure for data link resetting\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.7.1
- .ce
- The data link resetting procedure is used to initialize both
- .ce
- directions of information transfer according to the procedure described
- below. The data link resetting procedure only applies during the information
- transfer phase.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.7.2
- .ce
- Either the DTE or the DCE may initiate the data link resetting
- .ce
- procedure. The data link resetting procedure indicates a clearance of a DCE
- .ce
- and/or DTE busy condition, if present.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DTE shall initiate a data link resetting by transmitting an
- .ce
- SABM/SABME command to the DCE. If, upon correct receipt of the SABM/SABME
- .ce
- command, the DCE determines that it can continue in the information transfer
- .ce
- phase, it will return a UA response to the DTE, will reset its send and
- receive state variables V(S) and V(R) to zero, and will remain in the information
- .ce
- transfer phase. If, upon correct receipt of the SABM/SABME command, the DCE
- .ce
- determines that it cannot remain in the information transfer phase, it will
- .ce
- return a DM response as a denial to the resetting request and will enter the
- .ce
- disconnected phase.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE will initiate a data link resetting by transmitting an
- .ce
- SABM/SABME command to the DTE and starting its Timer\ T1 (see \(sc\ 2.4.8.1
- below). Upon reception of a UA response from the DTE, the DCE will reset
- its send and receive state variables V(S) and V(R) to zero, will stop its
- Timer\ T1, and will remain in the information transfer phase. Upon reception
- of a DM response from the DTE as a denial to the data link resetting request,
- the DCE will stop its Timer\ T1 and will enter the disconnected phase.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE, having sent an SABM/SABME command, will ignore and discard
- .ce
- any frames received from the DTE except an SABM/SABME or DISC command,
- or a UA or DM response. The receipt of an SABM/SABME or DISC command from
- the DTE will result in a collision situation that is resolved per \(sc\
- 2.4.4.5 above. Frames
- .ce
- other than the UA or DM response sent in response to a received SABM/SABME
- or DISC command will be sent only after the data link is reset and if no
- .ce
- outstanding SABM/SABME command exists.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- After the DCE sends the SABM/SABME command, if a UA or DM response is not
- received correctly, Timer\ T1 will run out in the DCE. The DCE will then
- .ce
- resend the SABM/SABME command and will restart Timer\ T1. After N2 attempts
- to reset the data link, the DCE will initiate appropriate higher layer
- recovery
- .ce
- action and will enter the disconnected phase. The value of N2 is defined in
- .ce
- \(sc\ 2.4.8.4 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.7.3
- .ce
- The DCE may ask the DTE to reset the data link by transmitting an FRMR
- response (see \(sc\ 2.4.6.1 above). After transmitting an FRMR response,
- .ce
- the DCE will enter the frame rejection condition.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The frame rejection condition is cleared when the DCE receives an SABM/SABME
- command, a DISC command, a FRMR response, or a DM response; or if
- .ce
- the DCE transmits an SABM/SABME command, a DISC command, or a DM response.
- .ce
- Other commands received while in the frame rejection condition will cause
- the DCE to retransmit the FRMR response with the same information field
- as
- .ce
- originally transmitted.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE may start Timer\ T1 on transmission of the FRMR response. If
- .ce
- Timer\ T1 runs out before the frame rejection condition is cleared, the
- DCE may retransmit the FRMR response, and restart T1. After N2 attempts
- (time outs) to get the DTE to reset the data link, the DCE may reset the
- data link itself as described in \(sc\ 2.4.7.2 above. The value of N2 is
- defined in \(sc\ 2.4.8.4 below.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- In the frame rejection condition, I frames and supervisory frames will
- not be transmitted by the DCE. Also, received I frames and supervisory
- frames will be discarded by the DCE except for the observance of a P bit
- set to\ 1.
- .ce
- When an additional FRMR response must be transmitted by the DCE as a result
- of the receipt of a P\ bit set to 1 while Timer\ T1 is running, Timer\
- T1 will
- .ce
- continue to run. Upon reception of an FRMR response (even during a frame
- .ce
- rejection condition), the DCE will initiate a resetting procedure by
- .ce
- transmitting an SABM/SABME command as described in \(sc\ 2.4.7.2 above, or will
- .ce
- transmit a DM response to ask the DTE to initiate the data link set\(hyup
- .ce
- procedure as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1 and enter the disconnected phase.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.8
- .ce
- \fIList of \fR
- .ce
- \fILAPB system parameters\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE and DTE system parameters are as follows:
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.4.8.1
- .ce
- \fITimer\fR
- .ce
- \fIT1\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The value of the DTE Timer T1 system parameter may be different
- .ce
- than the value of the DCE Timer T1 system parameter. These values shall
- be made known to both the DTE and the DCE, and agreed to for a period of
- time by both the DTE and the DCE.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The period of Timer T1, at the end of which retransmission of a frame may
- be initiated (see \(sc\ 2.4.4 and \(sc\ 2.4.5 above for the DCE), shall
- take into account whether T1 is started at the beginning or the end of
- the transmission of a frame.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The proper operation of the procedure requires that the transmitter's (DCE
- or DTE) Timer\ T1 be greater than the maximum time between transmission
- of a frame (SABM/SABME, DISC, I\ or supervisory command, or DM or FRMR
- response)
- .ce
- and the reception of the corresponding frame returned as an answer to that
- .ce
- frame (UA, DM or acknowledging frame). Therefore, the receiver (DCE or DTE)
- .ce
- should not delay the response or acknowledging frame returned to one of the
- .ce
- above frames by more than a value\ T2, where T2 is a system parameter (see
- .ce
- \(sc\ 2.4.8.2).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- The DCE will not delay the response or acknowledging frame returned to
- one of the above DTE frames by more than a period\ T2.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.8.2
- .ce
- \fIParameter T2\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The value of the DTE parameter T2 may be different than the value of the
- DCE parameter T2. These values shall be made known to both the DTE and
- the DCE, and agreed to for a period of time by both the DTE and the DCE.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- The period of parameter T2 shall indicate the amount of time
- .ce
- available at the DCE or DTE before the acknowledging frame must be initiated
- in order to ensure its receipt by the DTE or DCE, respectively, prior to
- Timer\ T1 running out at the DTE or DCE (parameter\ T2\ <\ Timer\ T1).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- \fINote\fR
- .ce
- \ \(em\ The period of parameter T2 shall take into account the
- .ce
- following timing factors: the transmission time of the acknowledging frame,
- the propagation time over the access data link, the stated processing times
- at the DCE and the DTE, and the time to complete the transmission of the
- frame(s) in the DCE or DTE transmit queue that are neither displaceable
- or modifiable in an orderly manner.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- Given a value for Timer T1 for the DTE or DCE, the value of parameter T2
- at the DCE or DTE, respectively, must be no larger than T1 minus\ 2 times
- the propagation time over the access data link, minus the frame processing
- time at the DCE, minus the frame processing time at the DTE, and minus
- the transmission time of the acknowledging frame by the DCE or DTE, respectively.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- 2.4.8.3
- .ce
- \fITimer T3\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The DCE shall support a Timer T3 system parameter, the value of
- .ce
- which shall be made known to the DTE.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The period of Timer T3, at the end of which an indication of an
- .ce
- observed excessively long idle channel state condition is passed to the
- Packet Layer, shall be sufficiently greater than the period of the DCE
- Timer T1
- .ce
- (i.e.\ T3\ >\ T1) so that the expiration of T3 provides the desired level of
- .ce
- assurance that the data link channel is in a non\(hyactive, non\(hyoperational
- state, and is in need of data link set\(hyup before normal data link operation
- can
- .ce
- resume.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.8.4
- .ce
- \fIMaximum number of attempts\fR
- .ce
- \fIto complete a\fR
- .ce
-
- .ce
- \fItransmission N2\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- The value of the DTE N2 system parameter may be different than the value
- of the DCE N2 system parameter. These values shall be made known to both
- the DTE and the DCE, and agreed to for a period of time by both the DTE
- and the DCE.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The value of N2 shall indicate the maximum number of attempts made by the
- DCE or DTE to complete the successful transmission of a frame to the DTE
- or DCE, respectively.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.8.5
- .ce
- \fIMaximum number of bits in an I frame N1\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The value of the DTE N1 system parameter may be different than the value
- of the DCE N1 system parameter. These values shall be made known to both
- the DTE and the DCE.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The values of N1 shall indicate the maximum number of bits in an
- .ce
- I\ frame (excluding flags and 0\ bits inserted for transparency) that the
- DCE or DTE is willing to accept from the DTE or DCE, respectively.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- In order to allow for universal operation, a DTE should support a
- .ce
- value of DTE N1 which is not less than 1080\ bits (135\ octets). DTEs should
- be aware that the network may transmit longer packets (see \(sc\ 5.2),
- that may result in a data link layer problem.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- All networks shall offer to a DTE which requires it, a value of DCE N1
- which is greater than or equal to 2072\ bits (259\ octets) plus the length
- of the address, control and FCS fields at the DTE/DCE interface, and greater
- than or equal to the maximum length of the data packets which may cross
- the DTE/DCE
- .ce
- interface plus the length of the address, control and FCS fields at the
- DTE/DCE interface.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- Appendix II provides a description of how the values stated above are derived.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- 2.4.8.6
- .ce
- \fIMaximum number of \fR
- .ce
- \fIoutstanding I frames k\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The value of the DTE k system parameter shall be the same as the
- .ce
- value of the DCE k system parameter. This value shall be agreed to for a
- .ce
- period of time by both the DTE and the DCE.
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- The value of k shall indicate the maximum number of sequentially
- .ce
- numbered I\ frames that the DTE or DCE may have outstanding
- .ce
- (i.e.\ unacknowledged) at any given time. The value of k shall never exceed
- .ce
- seven for modulo\ 8 operation, or one hundred and twenty\(hyseven for modulo\
- 128
- .ce
- operation. All networks (DCEs) shall support a value of seven. Other values
- of k (less than and greater than seven) may also be supported by networks
- .ce
- (DCEs).
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
- .line
- .ce
- \fBMONTAGE : \(sc 2.5 de cette Recommandation sur le reste de cette page\fR
- .ce
- .parag
- .ce
-
- .ce
- .line
- .ad r
- \fBTable 8/X.25 [T8.25], p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.3.5.2
- \fIN(S) sequence error condition\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The information field of all I frames received whose N(S) does not equal
- the receive state variable V(R) will be discarded.
- .PP
- An N(S) sequence error exception condition occurs in the receiver when
- an I\ frame received contains an N(S) which is not equal to the receive
- state
- variable V(R) at the receiver. The receiver does not acknowledge (increment
- its receive state variable) the I\ frame causing the sequence error, or
- any I\ frame which may follow, until an I\ frame with the correct N(S)
- is received.
- .PP
- A DCE or DTE which receives one or more valid I frames having sequence
- errors or subsequent supervisory frames (RR, RNR and REJ) shall accept
- the
- control information contained in the N(R) field and the P or F bit to perform
- data link control functions; e.g.\ to receive acknowledgement of previously
- transmitted I\ frames and to cause the DCE or DTE to respond (P bit set to 1).
- .PP
- The means specified in \(sc\(sc\ 2.3.5.2.1 and 2.3.5.2.2 shall be available
- for initiating the retransmission of lost or errored I\ frames following
- the
- occurrence of an N(S) sequence error condition.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.3.5.2.1
- \fIREJ recovery\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The REJ frame is used by a receiving DCE or DTE to initiate a
- recovery (retransmission) following the detection of an N(S) sequence error.
- .PP
- With respect to each direction of transmission on the data link, only one
- \*Qsent REJ\*U exception condition from a DCE or DTE, to a DTE or DCE,
- is
- established at a time. A \*Qsent REJ\*U exception condition is cleared when the
- requested I\ frame is received.
- .PP
- A DCE or DTE receiving a REJ frame initiates sequential
- (re\(hy)transmission of I\ frames starting with the I\ frame indicated
- by the N(R) contained in the REJ frame. The retransmitted frames may contain
- an N(R) and a P bit that are updated from, and therefore different from,
- the ones contained in the originally transmitted I\ frames.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.3.5.2.2
- \fITime\(hyout recovery\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- If a DCE or DTE, due to a transmission error, does not receive (or receives
- and discards) a single I\ frame or the last I\ frame(s) in a sequence of
- I\ frames, it will not detect an N(S) sequence error condition and, therefore,
- will not transmit a REJ frame. The DTE or DCE which transmitted the
- unacknowledged I\ frame(s) shall, following the completion of a system
- specified time\(hyout period (see \(sc\(sc\ 2.4.5.1 and 2.4.5.9 below),
- take appropriate recovery action to determine at which I\ frame retransmission
- must begin. The
- retransmitted frame(s) may contain an N(R) and a P bit that is updated from,
- and therefore different from, the ones contained in the originally transmitted
- frame(s).
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.3.5.3
- \fIInvalid frame\fR \fI condition\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Any frame which is invalid will be discarded, and no action is
- taken as the result of that frame. An invalid frame is defined as one
- which:
- .RT
- .LP
- a)
- is not properly bounded by two flags;
- .LP
- b)
- in basic (modulo 8) operation, contains fewer than 32 bits
- between flags; in extended (modulo\ 128) operation, contains
- fewer than 40\ bits between flags of frames that contain sequence
- numbers or 32\ bits between flags of frames that do not contain
- sequence numbers;
- .LP
- c)
- contains a Frame Check Sequence (FCS) error; or
- .LP
- d)
- contains an address other than A or B (for single link
- operation) or other than C or D (for multilink operation).
- .PP
- For those networks that are octet aligned, a detection of
- non\(hyoctet alignment may be made at the Data Link Layer by adding a frame
- validity check that requires the number of bits between the opening flag and
- the closing flag, excluding bits inserted for transparency, to be an integral
- number of octets in length, or the frame is considered invalid.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.3.5.4
- \fIFrame rejection\fR \fI condition\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- A frame rejection condition is established upon the receipt of an error\(hyfree
- frame with one of the conditions listed in \(sc\ 2.3.4.9 above.
- .bp
- .PP
- At the DCE or DTE, this frame rejection exception condition is
- reported by an FRMR response for appropriate DTE or DCE action, respectively.
- Once a DCE has established such an exception condition, no additional I\
- frames are accepted until the condition is reset by the DTE, except for
- examination of the P bit. The FRMR response may be repeated at each opportunity,
- as specified in \(sc\ 2.4.7.3, until recovery is effected by the DTE, or
- until the DCE initiates its own recovery in case the DTE does not respond.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.3.5.5
- \fIExcessive idle channel state condition on incoming\fR
- \fIchannel\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Upon detection of an idle channel state condition (see \(sc\ 2.2.12.2 above)
- on the incoming channel, the DCE shall wait for a period\ T3 (see
- \(sc\ 2.4.8.3 below) without taking any specific action, waiting for detection
- of a return to the active channel state (i.e.,\ detection of at least one
- flag
- .PP
- sequence). After the period\ T3, the DCE shall notify the higher layer
- (e.g.\ the Packet Layer or the MLP) of the excessive idle channel state
- condition, but
- shall not take any action that would preclude the DTE from establishing the
- data link by normal data link set\(hyup procedures.
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ Other actions to be taken by the DCE at the Data Link
- Layer upon expiration of period\ T3 is a subject for further study.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 2.4
- \fIDescription of the \fR \fILAPB procedure\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.4.1
- \fILAPB basic and extended modes of operation\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- In accordance with the system choice made by the DTE at
- subscription time, the DCE will either support modulo\ 8 (basic) operation or
- will support modulo\ 128 (extended) operation. Changing from basic operation
- to extended operation, or vice versa, in the DCE requires resubscription
- by the
- DTE for the desired service, and is not supported dynamically.
- .PP
- Table 5/X.25 indicates the command and response control field formats used
- with the basic (modulo\ 8) service. The mode\(hysetting command employed
- to
- initialize (set up) or reset the basic mode is the SABM command. Table
- 6/X.25 indicates the command and response control field formats used with
- the extended (modulo\ 128) service. The mode\(hysetting command employed
- to initialize (set up) or reset the extended mode is the SABME command.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.4.2
- \fILAPB procedure for addressing\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The address field identifies a frame as either a command or a
- response. A command frame contains the address of the DCE or DTE to which
- the command is being sent. A response frame contains the address of the
- DCE or DTE sending the frame.
- .PP
- In order to allow differentiation between single link operation and
- the optional multilink operation for diagnostic and/or maintenance reasons,
- different address pair encodings are assigned to data links operating with
- multilink procedure compared to data links operating with the single link
- procedure.
- .PP
- Frames containing commands transferred from the DCE to the DTE will
- contain the address\ A for the single link operation and address\ C for the
- multilink operation.
- .PP
- Frames containing responses transferred from the DCE to the DTE will contain
- the address\ B for the single link operation and address\ D for the
- multilink operation.
- .PP
- Frames containing commands transferred from the DTE to the DCE shall contain
- the address\ B for the single link operation and address\ D for the
- multilink operation.
- .PP
- Frames containing responses transferred from the DTE to the DCE shall contain
- the address\ A for the single link operation and address\ C for the
- multilink operation.
- .PP
- These addresses are coded as follows:
- .RT
- .LP
- Address
- 1\ 2\ 3\ 4\ 5\ 6\ 7\ 8
- .LP
- Single link operation
- \ \ A
- 1\ 1\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0
- .LP
- \ \ B
- 1\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0
- .LP
- Multilink operation
- \ \ C
- 1\ 1\ 1\ 1\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0
- .LP
- \ \ D
- 1\ 1\ 1\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ The DCE will discard all frames received with an address
- other than\ A or\ B (single link operation), or\ C or\ D (multilink operation).
- .bp
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.4.3
- \fILAPB procedure for the use of the P/F bit\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The DCE or DTE receiving an SABM/SABME, DISC, supervisory command or I\
- frame with the P\ bit set to\ 1 will set the F\ bit to\ 1 in the next response
- frame it transmits.
- .PP
- The response frame returned by the DCE to an SABM/SABME or DISC
- command with the P\ bit set to\ 1 will be a UA or DM response with the
- F\ bit set to\ 1. The response frame returned by the DCE to an I\ frame
- with the P\ bit set to\ 1, received during the information transfer phase,
- will be an RR, REJ, RNR or FRMR response with the F\ bit set to\ 1. The
- response frame returned by the
- DCE to a supervisory command with the P\ bit set to\ 1, received during the
- information transfer phase, will be an RR, REJ, RNR or FRMR response with
- the F\ bit set to\ 1. The response frame returned by the DCE to an I\ frame
- or
- supervisory frame with the P\ bit set to\ 1, received during the disconnected
- phase, will be a DM response with the F\ bit set to\ 1.
- .PP
- The P bit may be used by the DCE in conjunction with the timer
- recovery condition (see \(sc\ 2.4.5.9 below).
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ Other use of the P bit by the DCE is a subject for further
- study.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 2.4.4
- \fILAPB procedure for data link set\(hyup and disconnection\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.4.4.1
- \fIData link set\(hyup\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The DCE will indicate that it is able to set up the data link by
- transmitting contiguous flags (active channel state).
- .PP
- Either the DTE or the DCE may initiate data link set\(hyup. Prior to
- initiation of data link set\(hyup, either the DCE or the DTE may initiate data
- link
- disconnection (see \(sc\ 2.4.4.3) for the purpose of insuring that the
- DCE and the DTE are in the same phase. The DCE may also transmit an unsolicited
- DM response to request the DTE to initiate data link set\(hyup.
- .PP
- The DTE shall initiate data link set\(hyup by transmitting an SABM/SABME
- command to the DCE. If, upon receipt of the SABM/SABME command correctly,
- the DCE determines that it can enter the information transfer phase, it
- will return a UA response to the DTE, will reset its send and receive state
- variables V(S) and V(R) to zero, and will consider that the data link is
- set up. If, upon
- receipt
- of the SABM/SABME command correctly, the DCE determines that it cannot enter
- the information transfer phase, it will return a DM response to the DTE as a
- .PP
- denial to the data link set\(hyup initialization and will consider that the
- data link is
- \fInot\fR set up. In order to avoid misinterpretation of the DM response
- received, it is suggested that the DTE always sends its SABM/SABME command
- with the P\ bit set to\ 1. Otherwise, it is not possible to differentiate
- a DM response intended as a denial to data link set\(hyup from a DM response
- that is issued in a separate unsolicited sense as a request for a mode\(hysetting
- command (as described
- in\ \(sc\ 2.4.4.4.2).
- .PP
- The DCE will initiate data link set\(hyup by transmitting an SABM/SABME
- command to the DTE and starting its Timer\ T1 in order to determine when
- too
- much time has elapsed waiting for a reply (see \(sc\ 2.4.8.1 below). Upon
- reception of a UA response from the DTE, the DCE will reset its send and
- receive state
- variables\ V(S) and\ V(R) to zero, will stop its Timer\ T1, and will consider
- that the data link is set up. Upon reception of a DM response from the
- DTE as a
- denial
- to the data link set\(hyup initialization, the DCE will stop its Timer\
- T1 and will consider that the data link is \fInot\fR set up.
- .PP
- The DCE, having sent the SABM/SABME command, will ignore and discard any
- frames except an SABM/SABME or DISC command, or a UA or DM response
- received from the DTE. The receipt of an SABM/SABME or DISC command from the
- DTE will result in a collision situation that is resolved per \(sc\ 2.4.4.5
- below. Frames other than the UA and DM responses sent in response to a
- received
- SABM/SABME or DISC command will be sent only after the data link is set
- up and if no outstanding SABM/SABME command exists.
- .PP
- After the DCE sends the SABM/SABME command, if a UA or DM response is not
- received correctly, Timer\ T1 will run out in the DCE. The DCE will then
- resend the SABM/SABME command and will restart Timer\ T1. After transmission
- of the SABM/SABME command N2 times by the DCE, appropriate higher layer
- recovery action will be initiated. The value of N2 is defined in \(sc\
- 2.4.8.4 below.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.4.4.2
- \fIInformation transfer phase\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- After having transmitted the UA response to the SABM/SABME command or having
- received the UA response to a transmitted SABM/SABME command, the DCE will
- accept and transmit I and supervisory frames according to the procedures
- described in \(sc\ 2.4.5 below.
- .PP
- When receiving the SABM/SABME command while in the information
- transfer phase, the DCE will conform to the data link resetting procedure
- described in \(sc\ 2.4.7 below.
- .bp
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.4.4.3
- \fIData link disconnection\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The DTE shall initiate a disconnect of the data link by
- transmitting a DISC command to the DCE. On correctly receiving a DISC command
- in the information transfer phase, the DCE will send a UA response and
- enter
- the disconnected phase. On correctly receiving a DISC command in the
- disconnected phase, the DCE will send a DM response and remain in the
- disconnected phase. In order to avoid misinterpretation of the DM response
- received, it is suggested that the DTE always sends its DISC command with
- the P\ bit set to\ 1. Otherwise, it is not possible to differentiate a
- DM response
- intended as an indication that the DCE is already in the disconnected phase
- from a DM response that is issued in a separate unsolicited sense as a
- request for a mode\(hysetting command (as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.4.2).
- .PP
- The DCE will initiate a disconnect of the data link by transmitting a DISC
- command to the DTE and starting its Timer\ T1 (see \(sc\ 2.4.8.1 below).
- Upon reception of an UA response from the DTE, the DCE will stop its Timer\
- T1 and
- will enter the disconnected phase. Upon reception of a DM response from
- the DTE as an indication that the DTE was already in the disconnected phase,
- the DCE
- will stop its Timer\ T1 and will enter the disconnected phase.
- .PP
- The DCE, having sent the DISC command, will ignore and discard any
- frames except an SABM/SABME or DISC command, or a UA or DM response received
- from the DTE. The receipt of an SABM/SABME or DISC command from the DTE will
- result in a collision situation that is resolved per \(sc\ 2.4.4.5 below.
- .PP
- After the DCE sends the DISC command, if a UA or DM response is not
- received correctly, Timer\ T1 will run out in the DCE. The DCE will then
- resend the DISC command and will restart Timer\ T1. After transmission
- of the DISC
- command N2 times by the DCE, appropriate higher layer recovery action will
- be initiated. The value of N2 is defined in \(sc\ 2.4.8.4 below.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.4.4.4
- \fIDisconnected phase\fR \v'3p'
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 2.4.4.4.1
- After having received a DISC command from the DTE and
- returned a UA response to the DTE, or having received the UA response to a
- transmitted DISC command, the DCE will enter the disconnected phase.
- .PP
- In the disconnected phase, the DCE may initiate data link set\(hyup. In
- the disconnected phase, the DCE will react to the receipt of an SABM/SABME
- command as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1 above and will transmit a DM response
- in
- answer to a received DISC command. When receiving any other command (defined,
- or undefined or not implemented) with the P\ bit set to\ 1, the DCE will
- transmit a DM response with the F\ bit set to\ 1. Other frames received
- in the
- disconnected phase will be ignored by the DCE.
- .PP
- 2.4.4.4.2
- When the DCE enters the disconnected phase after
- detecting error conditions as listed in \(sc\ 2.4.6 below, or after an internal
- malfunction, it may indicate this by sending a DM response rather than
- a DISC command. In these cases, the DCE will transmit a DM response and
- start its
- Timer\ T1 (see \(sc\ 2.4.8.1 below).
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- If Timer T1 runs out before the reception of an SABM/SABME or DISC command
- from the DTE, the DCE will retransmit the DM response and restart
- Timer\ T1. After transmission of the DM response N2 times, the DCE will
- remain in the disconnected phase and appropriate recovery actions will
- be initiated. The value of N2 is defined in \(sc\ 2.4.8.4 below.
- .PP
- Alternatively, after an internal malfunction, the DCE may either
- initiate a data link resetting procedure (see \(sc\ 2.4.7 below) or disconnect
- the data link (see \(sc\ 2.4.4.3 above) prior to initiating a data link
- set\(hyup
- procedure (see \(sc\ 2.4.4.1 above).
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.4.4.5
- \fICollision of unnumbered commands\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Collision situations shall be resolved in the following way:
- .RT
- .PP
- 2.4.4.5.1
- If the sent and received unnumbered commands are the
- same, the DCE and the DTE shall each send the UA response at the earliest
- possible opportunity. The DCE shall enter the indicated phase either,
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- 1)
- after receiving the UA response,
- .LP
- 2)
- after sending the UA response, or
- .LP
- 3)
- after timing out waiting for the UA response having sent a
- UA response.
- .LP
- In the case of 2) above, the DCE will accept a subsequent UA
- response to the mode\(hysetting command it issued without causing an exception
- condition if received within the time\(hyout interval.
- .bp
- .PP
- 2.4.4.5.2
- If the sent and received unnumbered commands are
- different, the DCE and the DTE shall each enter the disconnected phase and
- issue a DM response at the earliest possible opportunity.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.4.4.6
- \fICollision of DM response with SABM/SABME or DISC\fR
- \fIcommand\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- When a DM response is issued by the DCE or DTE as an unsolicited
- response to request the DTE or DCE, respectively, to issue a mode\(hysetting
- command as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.4, a collision between an SABM/SABME
- or DISC
- command and the unsolicited DM response may occur. In order to avoid
- misinterpretation of the DM response received, the DTE always sends its
- SABM/SABME or DISC command with the P\ bit set to\ 1.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.4.4.7
- \fICollision of DM responses\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- A contention situation may occur when both the DCE and the DTE
- issue a DM response to request a mode\(hysetting command. In this case, the DTE
- will issue an SABM/SABME command to resolve the contention situation.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.4.5
- \fILAPB procedures for information transfer\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The procedures which apply to the transmission of I\ frames in each direction
- during the information transfer phase are described below.
- .PP
- In the following, \*Qnumber one higher\*U is in reference to a
- continuously repeated sequence series, i.e., 7 is 1\ higher than 6 and 0 is
- 1\ higher than 7 for modulo\ 8 series, and 127 is 1\ higher than 126 and 0 is
- 1\ higher than 127 for modulo\ 128 series.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.4.5.1
- \fISending I frames\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- When the DCE has an I frame to transmit (i.e. an I frame not
- already transmitted, or having to be retransmitted as described in \(sc\
- 2.4.5.6
- below), it will transmit it with an N(S) equal to its current send state
- variable V(S), and an N(R) equal to its current receive state variable
- V(R). At the end of the transmission of the I\ frame, the DCE will increment
- its send
- state variable V(S) by\ 1.
- .PP
- If Timer T1 is not running at the time of transmission of an I frame, it
- will be started.
- .PP
- If the send state variable V(S) is equal to the last value of N(R)
- received plus \fIk\fR (where \fIk\fR is the maximum number of outstanding
- I\ frames \(em
- see \(sc\ 2.4.8.6 below), the DCE will not transmit any new I\ frames, but may
- retransmit an I\ frame as described in \(sc\(sc\ 2.4.5.6 or 2.4.5.9 below.
- .PP
- When the DCE is in the busy condition, it may still transmit I frames,
- provided that the DTE is not busy. When the DCE is in the frame rejection
- condition, it will stop transmitting I\ frames.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.4.5.2
- \fIReceiving an I frame\fR \v'3p'
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 2.4.5.2.1
- When the DCE is not in a busy condition and receives a valid I\ frame whose
- send sequence number N(S) is equal to the DCE receive state
- variable V(R), the DCE will accept the information field of this frame,
- increment by one its receive state variable V(R), and act as follows:
- .LP
- a)
- If the DCE is still not in a busy condition:
- .LP
- i)
- If an I frame is available for transmission by the
- DCE, it may act as in \(sc\ 2.4.5.1 above and acknowledge
- the received I frame by setting N(R) in the control field
- of the next transmitted I\ frame to the value of the DCE
- receive state variable V(R). Alternatively, the DCE may
- acknowledge the received I\ frame by transmitting an RR
- frame with the N(R) equal to the value of the DCE receive
- state variable V(R).
- .LP
- ii)
- If no I frame is available for transmission by the
- DCE, it will transmit an RR frame with N(R) equal to the
- value of the DCE receive state variable V(R).
- .LP
- b)
- If the DCE is now in a busy condition, it will transmit an
- RNR frame with N(R) equal to the value of the DCE receive
- state variable V(R) (see \(sc\ 2.4.5.8).
- .PP
- 2.4.5.2.2
- When the DCE is in a busy condition, it may ignore the
- information field contained in any received I\ frame.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.4.5.3
- \fIReception of invalid frames\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- When the DCE receives an invalid frame (see \(sc\ 2.3.5.3), this frame
- will be discarded.
- .bp
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.4.5.4
- \fIReception of out\(hyof\(hysequence I frames\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- When the DCE receives a valid I frame whose send sequence number
- N(S) is incorrect, i.e.,\ not equal to the current DCE receive state variable
- V(R), it will discard the information field of the I\ frame and transmit
- an REJ frame with the N(R) set to one higher than the N(S) of the last
- correctly
- received I\ frame. The REJ frame will be a command frame with the P\ bit
- set to\ 1 if an acknowledged transfer of the retransmission request is
- required;
- otherwise the REJ frame may be either a command or a response frame. The DCE
- .PP
- will then discard the information field of all I\ frames received until the
- expected I\ frame is correctly received. When receiving the expected I\ frame,
- the DCE will then acknowledge the I\ frame as described in \(sc\ 2.4.5.2
- above. The DCE will use the N(R) and P\ bit information in the discarded
- I\ frames as
- described in \(sc\ 2.3.5.2 above.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.4.5.5
- \fIReceiving acknowledgement\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- When correctly receiving an I frame or a supervisory frame (RR, RNR or
- REJ), even in the busy condition, the DCE will consider the N(R) contained
- in this frame as an acknowledgement for all I\ frames it has transmitted
- with an N(S) up to and including the received N(R)\(em1. The DCE will stop
- Timer\ T1 when it correctly receives an I\ frame or a supervisory frame
- with the N(R) higher
- than the last received N(R) (actually acknowledging some I\ frames), or
- an REJ frame with an N(R) equal to the last received N(R).
- .PP
- If Timer T1 has been stopped by the receipt on an I, RR or RNR frame, and
- if there are outstanding I\ frames still unacknowledged, the DCE will
- restart Timer\ T1. If Timer\ T1 then runs out, the DCE will follow the
- recovery procedure (\(sc\ 2.4.5.9 below) with respect to the unacknowledged
- I\ frames. If
- Timer\ T1 has been stopped by the receipt of an REJ frame, the DCE will
- follow the retransmission procedures in \(sc\ 2.4.5.6 below.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.4.5.6
- \fIReceiving an REJ frame\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- When receiving an REJ frame, the DCE will set its send state
- variable V(S) to the N(R) received in the REJ control field. It will transmit
- the corresponding I\ frame as soon as it is available or retransmit it
- in
- accordance with the procedures described in \(sc\ 2.4.5.1 above. (Re)transmission
- will conform to the following procedure:
- .RT
- .LP
- i)
- if the DCE is transmitting a supervisory command or response
- when it receives the REJ frame, it will complete that
- transmission before commencing transmission of the requested
- I\ frame;
- .LP
- ii)
- if the DCE is transmitting an unnumbered command or
- response when it receives the REJ frame, it will ignore the
- request for retransmission;
- .LP
- iii)
- if the DCE is transmitting an I frame when the REJ frame
- is received, it may abort the I\ frame and commence transmission
- of the requested I\ frame immediately after abortion;
- .LP
- iv)
- if the DCE is not transmitting any frame when the REJ frame
- is received, it will commence transmission of the requested
- I\ frame immediately.
- .PP
- In all cases, if other unacknowledged I frames had already been
- transmitted following the one indicated in the REJ frame, then those I
- frames will be retransmitted by the DCE following the retransmission of
- the requested I\ frame. Other I\ frames not yet transmitted may be transmitted
- following the
- retransmitted I\ frames.
- .PP
- If the REJ frame was received from the DTE as a command with the P bit
- set to\ 1, the DCE will transmit an RR, RNR or REJ response with the F
- bit set to\ 1 before transmitting or retransmitting the corresponding I\
- frame.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.4.5.7
- \fIReceiving an RNR frame\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- After receiving an RNR frame whose N(R) acknowledges all frames
- previously transmitted, the DCE will stop Timer\ T1 and may then transmit
- an I\ frame, with the P\ bit set to\ 0, whose send sequence number is
- equal to the N(R) indicated in the RNR frame, restarting Timer\ T1 as it
- does. After receiving an RNR frame whose N(R) indicates a previously transmitted
- frame, the DCE will not transmit or retransmit any I\ frame, Timer\ T1 being
- already running. In either case, if the Timer\ T1 runs out before receipt
- of a busy clearance indication, the DCE will follow the procedure described
- in
- \(sc\ 2.4.5.9\ below. In any case, the DCE will not transmit any other
- I\ frames
- before receiving an RR or REJ frame, or before the completion of a link
- resetting procedure.
- .bp
- .PP
- Alternatively, after receiving an RNR frame, the DCE may wait for a
- period of time (e.g.,\ the length of the Timer\ T1) and then transmit a
- supervisory command frame (RR, RNR or REJ) with the P\ bit set to\ 1, and
- start Timer\ T1, in order to determine if there is any change in the receive
- status of the DTE. The DTE shall respond to the P\ bit set to\ 1 with a
- supervisory
- response frame (RR, RNR or REJ) with the F\ bit set to\ 1 indicating either
- continuance of the busy condition (RNR) or clearance of the busy condition
- (RR or REJ). Upon receipt of the DTE response, Timer\ T1 is stopped.
- .RT
- .LP
- 1)
- If the response is the RR or REJ response, the busy
- condition is cleared and the DCE may transmit I\ frames beginning
- with the I\ frame identified by the N(R) in the received response
- frame.
- .LP
- 2)
- If the response is the RNR response, the busy condition
- still exists, and the DCE will after a period of time (e.g.\ the
- length of Timer\ T1) repeat the enquiry of the DTE receive
- status.
- .PP
- If Timer T1 runs out before a status response is received, the
- enquiry process above is repeated. If N2 attempts to get a status response
- fail (i.e.\ Timer\ T1 runs out N2\ times), the DCE will initiate a data
- link resetting procedure as described in \(sc\ 2.4.7.2\ below or will transmit
- a DM response to ask the DTE to initiate a data link set\(hyup procedure
- as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1 and enter the disconnected phase. The value
- of N2 is defined in \(sc\ 2.4.8.4\ below.
- .PP
- If, at any time during the enquiry process, an unsolicited RR or REJ frame
- is received from the DTE, it will be considered to be an indication of
- clearance of the busy condition. Should the unsolicited RR or REJ frame be a
- command frame with the P bit set to\ 1, the appropriate response frame
- with the F\ bit set to 1 must be transmitted before the DCE may resume
- transmission of
- I\ frames. If Timer\ T1 is running, the DCE will wait for the non\(hybusy
- response with the F bit set to\ 1 or will wait for Timer\ T1 to run out
- and then either
- may reinitiate the enquiry process in order to realize a successful P/F bit
- exchange or may resume transmission of I frames beginning with the I\ frame
- identified by the N(R) in the received RR or REJ frame.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.4.5.8
- \fIDCE busy condition\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- When the DCE enters a busy condition, it will transmit an RNR frame at
- the earliest opportunity. The RNR frame will be a command frame with the
- P bit set to\ 1 if an acknowledged transfer of the busy condition indication
- is
- required; otherwise the RNR frame may be either a command or a response
- frame. While in the busy condition, the DCE will accept and process supervisory
- frames, will accept and process the contents of the N(R) fields of I\ frames,
- and will return an RNR response with the F bit set to\ 1 if it receives a
- supervisory command or I command frame with the P bit set to\ 1. To clear the
- busy condition, the DCE will transmit either an REJ frame or an RR frame, with
- .PP
- N(R) set to the current receive state variable V(R), depending on whether or
- not it discarded information fields of correctly received I\ frames. The REJ
- frame or the RR frame will be a command frame with the P bit set to\ 1 if an
- acknowledged transfer of the busy\(hyto\(hynon\(hybusy transition is required,
- otherwise the REJ frame or the RR frame may be either a command or a response
- frame.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.4.5.9
- \fIWaiting acknowledgement\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The DCE maintains an internal transmission attempt variable which is set
- to\ 0 when the DCE sends a UA response, when the DCE receives a UA
- response or an RNR command or response, or when the DCE correctly receives
- an I\ frame or supervisory frame with the N(R) higher than the last received
- N(R) (actually acknowledging some outstanding I\ frames).
- .PP
- If Timer T1 runs out waiting for the acknowledgement from the DTE for an
- I\ frame transmitted, the DCE will enter the timer recovery condition,
- add
- one to its transmission attempt variable and set an internal variable \fIx\fR
- to
- the current value of its send state variable V(S). The DCE will then restart
- Timer T1, set its send state variable V(S) to the last value of N(R) received
- from the DTE and retransmit the corresponding I\ frame with the P bit set
- to\ 1, or transmit an appropriate supervisory command frame (RR, RNR or
- REJ) with the P\ bit set to\ 1.
- .PP
- The timer recovery condition is cleared when the DCE receives a valid supervisory
- frame with the F\ bit\ set to\ 1.
- .PP
- If, while in the timer recovery condition, the DCE correctly receives a
- supervisory frame with the F bit set to\ 1 and with the N(R) within the
- range from its current send state variable V(S) to \fIx\fR included, it
- will clear the
- timer recovery condition (including stopping Timer\ T1) and set its send
- state variable V(S) to the value of the received N(R), and may then resume
- with
- I\ frame transmission or retransmission, as appropriate.
- .bp
- .PP
- If, while in the timer recovery condition, the DCE correctly receives an
- I or supervisory frame with the P/F bit set to\ 0 and with a valid N(R)
- (see \(sc\ 2.3.4.9), it will not clear the timer recovery condition. The
- value of the
- received N(R) may be used to update the send state variable V(S). However,
- the DCE may decide to keep the last transmitted I\ frame in store (even
- if it is
- acknowledged) in order to be able to retransmit it with the P bit set to\
- 1 when Timer\ T1 runs out at a later time.
- .PP
- If the received supervisory frame with the P/F bit set to\ 0 is an REJ
- frame with a valid N(R), the DCE may either immediately initiate
- (re)transmission from the value of the send state variable V(S), or it may
- ignore the request for retransmission and wait until the supervisory frame
- with the F bit set to\ 1 is received before initiating (re)transmission
- of frames
- from the value identified in the N(R) field of the supervisory frame with
- the F\ bit set to\ 1. In the case of immediate retransmission, in order
- to prevent
- duplicate retransmissions following the clearance of the timer recovery
- condition, the DCE shall inhibit retransmission of a specific I\ frame [same
- N(R) in the same numbering cycle] if the DCE has retransmitted that I\
- frame as the result of a received REJ frame with the P/F bit set to\ 0.
- .PP
- If, while in the timer recovery condition, the DCE receives a REJ
- command with the P bit set to\ 1, the DCE will respond immediately with an
- appropriate supervisory response with the F bit set to\ 1. The DCE may
- then use the value of the N(R) in the REJ command to update the send state
- variable
- V(S), and may either immediately begin (re)transmission from the value N(R)
- indicated in the REJ frame or ignore the request for retransmission and wait
- until the supervisory frame with the F bit set to\ 1 is received before
- initiating (re)transmission of I\ frames from the value identified in the
- N(R) field of the supervisory frame with the F\ bit set to\ 1. In the case
- of
- immediate retransmission, in order to prevent duplicate retransmissions
- .PP
- following the clearance of the timer recovery condition, the DCE shall
- inhibit retransmission of a specific I\ frame [same N(R) in the same numbering
- cycle]
- if the DCE has retransmitted that I\ frame as the result of the received REJ
- command with the P\ bit set to\ 1.
- .PP
- If Timer T1 runs out in the timer recovery condition, and no I or
- supervisory frame with the P/F bit set to 0 and with a valid N(R) has been
- received, or no REJ command with the P bit set to\ 1 and with a valid N(R)
- has been received, the DCE will add one to its transmission attempt variable,
- restart Timer\ T1, and either retransmit the I frame sent with the P bit set
- to\ 1 or transmit an appropriate supervisory command with the P bit set to\ 1.
- .PP
- If the transmission attempt variable is equal to N2, the DCE will
- initiate a data link resetting procedure as described in \(sc\ 2.4.7.2
- below, or
- will transmit a DM response to ask the DTE to initiate a data link set\(hyup
- procedure as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1 above and enter the disconnected
- phase. N2 is a system parameter (see \(sc\ 2.4.8.4 below).
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ Although the DCE may implement the internal variable
- \fIx\fR ,
- other mechanisms do exist that achieve the identical function.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.4.6
- \fILAPB conditions for \fR \fIdata link resetting or data link\fR
- \fIre\(hyinitialization\fR \fI(data link set\(hyup)\fR \v'3p'
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 2.4.6.1
- When the DCE receives, during the information transfer phase, a
- frame which is not invalid (see \(sc\ 2.3.5.3) with one of the conditions
- listed in \(sc\ 2.3.4.9 above, the DCE will request the DTE to initiate
- a data link resetting procedure by transmitting an FRMR response to the
- DTE as described in
- \(sc\ 2.4.7.3.
- .PP
- 2.4.6.2
- When the DCE receives, during the information transfer phase, an FRMR response
- from the DTE, the DCE will either initiate the data link
- resetting procedures itself as described in \(sc\ 2.4.7.2 or return a DM
- response to ask the DTE to initiate the data link set\(hyup (initialization)
- procedure as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1. After transmitting a DM response,
- the DCE will enter
- the disconnected phase as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.4.2.
- .PP
- 2.4.6.3
- When the DCE receives, during the information transfer phase, a UA response,
- or an unsolicited response with the F bit set to\ 1, the DCE may
- either initiate the data link resetting procedures itself as described in
- \(sc\ 2.4.7.2, or return a DM response to ask the DTE to initiate the data link
- set\(hyup (initialization) procedure as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1. After
- transmitting a DM response, the DCE will enter the disconnected phase as
- described in
- \(sc\ 2.4.4.4.2.
- .PP
- 2.4.6.4
- When the DCE receives, during the information transfer phase, a DM response
- from the DTE, the DCE will either initiate the data link set\(hyup
- (initialization) procedures itself as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1, or return
- a DM
- response to ask the DTE to initiate the data link set\(hyup (initialization)
- procedures as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1. After transmitting a DM response,
- the DCE will enter the disconnected phase as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.4.2.
- .bp
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.4.7
- \fILAPB procedure for data link resetting\fR \v'3p'
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 2.4.7.1
- The data link resetting procedure is used to initialize both
- directions of information transfer according to the procedure described
- below. The data link resetting procedure only applies during the information
- transfer phase.
- .PP
- 2.4.7.2
- Either the DTE or the DCE may initiate the data link resetting
- procedure. The data link resetting procedure indicates a clearance of a DCE
- and/or DTE busy condition, if present.
- .PP
- The DTE shall initiate a data link resetting by transmitting an
- SABM/SABME command to the DCE. If, upon correct receipt of the SABM/SABME
- command, the DCE determines that it can continue in the information transfer
- phase, it will return a UA response to the DTE, will reset its send and
- receive state variables V(S) and V(R) to zero, and will remain in the information
- .PP
- transfer phase. If, upon correct receipt of the SABM/SABME command, the DCE
- determines that it cannot remain in the information transfer phase, it will
- return a DM response as a denial to the resetting request and will enter the
- disconnected phase.
- .PP
- The DCE will initiate a data link resetting by transmitting an
- SABM/SABME command to the DTE and starting its Timer\ T1 (see \(sc\ 2.4.8.1
- below). Upon reception of a UA response from the DTE, the DCE will reset
- its send and receive state variables V(S) and V(R) to zero, will stop its
- Timer\ T1, and will remain in the information transfer phase. Upon reception
- of a DM response from the DTE as a denial to the data link resetting request,
- the DCE will stop its Timer\ T1 and will enter the disconnected phase.
- .PP
- The DCE, having sent an SABM/SABME command, will ignore and discard
- any frames received from the DTE except an SABM/SABME or DISC command,
- or a UA or DM response. The receipt of an SABM/SABME or DISC command from
- the DTE will result in a collision situation that is resolved per \(sc\
- 2.4.4.5 above. Frames
- other than the UA or DM response sent in response to a received SABM/SABME
- or DISC command will be sent only after the data link is reset and if no
- outstanding SABM/SABME command exists.
- .PP
- After the DCE sends the SABM/SABME command, if a UA or DM response is not
- received correctly, Timer\ T1 will run out in the DCE. The DCE will then
- resend the SABM/SABME command and will restart Timer\ T1. After N2 attempts
- to reset the data link, the DCE will initiate appropriate higher layer
- recovery
- action and will enter the disconnected phase. The value of N2 is defined in
- \(sc\ 2.4.8.4 below.
- .RT
- .PP
- 2.4.7.3
- The DCE may ask the DTE to reset the data link by transmitting an FRMR
- response (see \(sc\ 2.4.6.1 above). After transmitting an FRMR response,
- the DCE will enter the frame rejection condition.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The frame rejection condition is cleared when the DCE receives an SABM/SABME
- command, a DISC command, a FRMR response, or a DM response; or if
- the DCE transmits an SABM/SABME command, a DISC command, or a DM response.
- Other commands received while in the frame rejection condition will cause
- the DCE to retransmit the FRMR response with the same information field
- as
- originally transmitted.
- .PP
- The DCE may start Timer\ T1 on transmission of the FRMR response. If
- .PP
- Timer\ T1 runs out before the frame rejection condition is cleared, the
- DCE may retransmit the FRMR response, and restart T1. After N2 attempts
- (time outs) to get the DTE to reset the data link, the DCE may reset the
- data link itself as described in \(sc\ 2.4.7.2 above. The value of N2 is
- defined in \(sc\ 2.4.8.4 below.
- .PP
- In the frame rejection condition, I frames and supervisory frames will
- not be transmitted by the DCE. Also, received I frames and supervisory
- frames will be discarded by the DCE except for the observance of a P bit
- set to\ 1.
- When an additional FRMR response must be transmitted by the DCE as a result
- of the receipt of a P\ bit set to 1 while Timer\ T1 is running, Timer\
- T1 will
- continue to run. Upon reception of an FRMR response (even during a frame
- rejection condition), the DCE will initiate a resetting procedure by
- transmitting an SABM/SABME command as described in \(sc\ 2.4.7.2 above, or will
- transmit a DM response to ask the DTE to initiate the data link set\(hyup
- procedure as described in \(sc\ 2.4.4.1 and enter the disconnected phase.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.4.8
- \fIList of \fR \fILAPB system parameters\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The DCE and DTE system parameters are as follows:
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.4.8.1
- \fITimer\fR \fIT1\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The value of the DTE Timer T1 system parameter may be different
- than the value of the DCE Timer T1 system parameter. These values shall
- be made known to both the DTE and the DCE, and agreed to for a period of
- time by both the DTE and the DCE.
- .bp
- .PP
- The period of Timer T1, at the end of which retransmission of a frame may
- be initiated (see \(sc\ 2.4.4 and \(sc\ 2.4.5 above for the DCE), shall
- take into account whether T1 is started at the beginning or the end of
- the transmission of a frame.
- .PP
- The proper operation of the procedure requires that the transmitter's (DCE
- or DTE) Timer\ T1 be greater than the maximum time between transmission
- of a frame (SABM/SABME, DISC, I\ or supervisory command, or DM or FRMR
- response)
- and the reception of the corresponding frame returned as an answer to that
- frame (UA, DM or acknowledging frame). Therefore, the receiver (DCE or DTE)
- should not delay the response or acknowledging frame returned to one of the
- above frames by more than a value\ T2, where T2 is a system parameter (see
- \(sc\ 2.4.8.2).
- .PP
- The DCE will not delay the response or acknowledging frame returned to
- one of the above DTE frames by more than a period\ T2.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.4.8.2
- \fIParameter T2\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The value of the DTE parameter T2 may be different than the value of the
- DCE parameter T2. These values shall be made known to both the DTE and
- the DCE, and agreed to for a period of time by both the DTE and the DCE.
- .PP
- The period of parameter T2 shall indicate the amount of time
- available at the DCE or DTE before the acknowledging frame must be initiated
- in order to ensure its receipt by the DTE or DCE, respectively, prior to
- Timer\ T1 running out at the DTE or DCE (parameter\ T2\ <\ Timer\ T1).
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ The period of parameter T2 shall take into account the
- following timing factors: the transmission time of the acknowledging frame,
- the propagation time over the access data link, the stated processing times
- at the DCE and the DTE, and the time to complete the transmission of the
- frame(s) in the DCE or DTE transmit queue that are neither displaceable
- or modifiable in an orderly manner.
- .PP
- Given a value for Timer T1 for the DTE or DCE, the value of parameter T2
- at the DCE or DTE, respectively, must be no larger than T1 minus\ 2 times
- the propagation time over the access data link, minus the frame processing
- time at the DCE, minus the frame processing time at the DTE, and minus
- the transmission time of the acknowledging frame by the DCE or DTE, respectively.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.4.8.3
- \fITimer T3\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The DCE shall support a Timer T3 system parameter, the value of
- which shall be made known to the DTE.
- .PP
- The period of Timer T3, at the end of which an indication of an
- observed excessively long idle channel state condition is passed to the
- Packet Layer, shall be sufficiently greater than the period of the DCE
- Timer T1
- (i.e.\ T3\ >\ T1) so that the expiration of T3 provides the desired level of
- assurance that the data link channel is in a non\(hyactive, non\(hyoperational
- state, and is in need of data link set\(hyup before normal data link operation
- can
- resume.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.4.8.4
- \fIMaximum number of attempts\fR \fIto complete a\fR
- \fItransmission N2\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The value of the DTE N2 system parameter may be different than the value
- of the DCE N2 system parameter. These values shall be made known to both
- the DTE and the DCE, and agreed to for a period of time by both the DTE
- and the DCE.
- .PP
- The value of N2 shall indicate the maximum number of attempts made by the
- DCE or DTE to complete the successful transmission of a frame to the DTE
- or DCE, respectively.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.4.8.5
- \fIMaximum number of bits in an I frame N1\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The value of the DTE N1 system parameter may be different than the value
- of the DCE N1 system parameter. These values shall be made known to both
- the DTE and the DCE.
- .PP
- The values of N1 shall indicate the maximum number of bits in an
- I\ frame (excluding flags and 0\ bits inserted for transparency) that the
- DCE or DTE is willing to accept from the DTE or DCE, respectively.
- .PP
- In order to allow for universal operation, a DTE should support a
- value of DTE N1 which is not less than 1080\ bits (135\ octets). DTEs should
- be aware that the network may transmit longer packets (see \(sc\ 5.2),
- that may result in a data link layer problem.
- .bp
- .PP
- All networks shall offer to a DTE which requires it, a value of DCE N1
- which is greater than or equal to 2072\ bits (259\ octets) plus the length
- of the address, control and FCS fields at the DTE/DCE interface, and greater
- than or equal to the maximum length of the data packets which may cross
- the DTE/DCE
- interface plus the length of the address, control and FCS fields at the
- DTE/DCE interface.
- .PP
- Appendix II provides a description of how the values stated above are derived.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.4.8.6
- \fIMaximum number of \fR \fIoutstanding I frames k\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The value of the DTE k system parameter shall be the same as the
- value of the DCE k system parameter. This value shall be agreed to for a
- period of time by both the DTE and the DCE.
- .PP
- The value of k shall indicate the maximum number of sequentially
- numbered I\ frames that the DTE or DCE may have outstanding
- (i.e.\ unacknowledged) at any given time. The value of k shall never exceed
- seven for modulo\ 8 operation, or one hundred and twenty\(hyseven for modulo\
- 128
- operation. All networks (DCEs) shall support a value of seven. Other values
- of k (less than and greater than seven) may also be supported by networks
- (DCEs).
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 39P
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fBMONTAGE : \(sc 2.5 de cette Recommandation sur le reste de cette page\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
-