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- .rs
- .\" Troff code generated by TPS Convert from ITU Original Files
- .\" Not Copyright ( c) 1991
- .\"
- .\" Assumes tbl, eqn, MS macros, and lots of luck.
- .TA 1c 2c 3c 4c 5c 6c 7c 8c
- .ds CH
- .ds CF
- .EQ
- delim @@
- .EN
- .nr LL 40.5P
- .nr ll 40.5P
- .nr HM 3P
- .nr FM 6P
- .nr PO 4P
- .nr PD 9p
- .po 4P
-
- .rs
- \v | 5i'
- .LP
- \s9\fBMONTAGE: Fin de la Recommandation T.101 en\(hyt\* | te de cette page\fR
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \v'28P'
- \fBRecommendation\ T.150\fR
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fBTELEWRITING\ TERMINAL\ EQUIPMENT\fR
- .EF '% Fascicle\ VII.5\ \(em\ Rec.\ T.150''
- .OF '''Fascicle\ VII.5\ \(em\ Rec.\ T.150 %'
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- TABLE\ OF\ CONTENTS
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- This Recommendation consists of four parts, combined in one document
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- SCOPE
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- PART\ 1\ \(em\ \fIFundamental characteristics\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \ \ 1
- Introduction
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \ \ 2
- Definitions
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \ \ 3
- References
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \ \ 4
- Presentation functionalities
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \ \ 5
- Principles of telewriting coding
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- PART\ 2\ \(em\ \fITelewriting together with telephony\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \ \ \ 1
- General
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \ \ \ 2
- Main characteristics of the basic terminal
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \ \ \ 3
- Presentation functionalities of the basic terminal
- .bp
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \ \ \ 4
- Transmission for the basic terminal
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \ \ \ 5
- Transmission blocks
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \ \ \ 6
- Transmission procedure
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \ \ \ 7
- Coding identifier
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \ \ \ 8
- Communication control, general requirements
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \ \ \ 9
- Communication control commands
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \ \ 10
- Description of the communication process
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- PART\ 3\ \(em\ \fIZone coding\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \ \ \ 1
- General
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \ \ \ 2
- Presentation elements
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \ \ \ 3
- Zone coding description
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \ \ \ 4
- Specification of terms used in coding
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \ \ \ 5
- Specification of the coding
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \ \ \ 6
- A coding example
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \ \ \ 7
- Data structure
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \ \ \ 8
- Temporary pen\(hystop
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \ \ \ 9
- Control commands
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \ \ 10
- Summary code table
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \ \ 11
- Summary transmission data format
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \ \ 12
- Zone coding basic terminal
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- PART\ 4\ \(em\ \fIDifferential chain coding\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \ \ \ 1
- General
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \ \ \ 2
- Presentation elements
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \ \ \ 3
- Description of the coding
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \ \ \ 4
- Incremental mode mechanism
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \ \ \ 5
- Change of coding parameters
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \ \ \ 6
- Coding formats
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \ \ \ 7
- Incremental mode coding format
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \ \ \ 8
- Displacement mode coding format
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \ \ \ 9
- Encoding of the primitives
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \ \ 10
- Example of differential chain coding
- .bp
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fB1\fR \fBScope\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- This Recommendation specifies technique\(hyoriented characteristics of
- telewriting and the application of telewriting in combination with voice
- communication. Service\(hyoriented requirements are defined in
- Recommendation\ F.730. In the development of this Recommendation, compatibility
- with other telematic services is taken into account. This Recommendation
- is
- structured in four parts:
- .RT
- .LP
- Part\ 1\ \(em
- Fundamental characteristics
- .LP
- Part\ 2\ \(em
- Telewriting together with telephony
- .LP
- Part\ 3\ \(em
- Zone coding
- .LP
- Part\ 4\ \(em
- Differential chain coding.
- \v'1P'
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fBPart\ 1\ \(em\ Fundamental characteristics\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB1\fR \fBIntroduction\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 1.1
- Telewriting is a communication technique that enables the
- exchange of handwritten information through telecommunication means. The
- handwritten information may consist of text in handwriting, drawings,
- diagrams,\ etc.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 1.2
- By means of telewriting terminal equipment, the TRACE of the
- writing instrument as produced at the sending side, is reproduced at the
- receiving side including the effect of movement.
- .PP
- 1.3
- In the sending part of the terminal the handwritten input
- information is converted into a digital signal: the coded representation
- of the handwritten information. Next, this digital signal is converted
- into a signal suitable for transmission.
- .PP
- 1.4
- In the receiving part of the terminal the received signal is
- converted into a digital signal, corresponding with the coded representation
- as described in above. From this digital signal, the handwritten information
- is
- reproduced.
- .PP
- 1.5
- The reproduction of the handwritten information can take place on a screen,
- on paper or both. In this Recommendation, the characteristics of
- communication through telewriting are defined with respect to the image on a
- screen (soft copy). Reproduction on paper (hard copy) is considered to be an
- optional function under local control.
- .PP
- 1.6
- Storage may take place between the writing (the input process) and the
- reproduction (the output process). When retrieved from a store, the message
- will appear on the receiver's screen in the same way as in the case of
- a direct connection.
- .PP
- 1.7
- A page of handwritten information (or part of it) could be
- reproduced as a still picture. This application, however, is not covered
- in the present text.
- .PP
- 1.8
- Telewriting can be used in various ways:
- .LP
- \(em
- as independent communication technique,
- .LP
- \(em
- in combination with voice communication through a telephone network,
- .LP
- \(em
- in the context of teleconferencing,
- .LP
- \(em
- in the context of information retrieval.
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB2\fR \fBDefinitions\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.1
- \fBtelewriting image\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- A collection of telewriting presentation elements, to be displayed together.
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ The telewriting image can exist in visible form at the
- output device, or in the form of a coded representation.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.2
- \fBpresentation element\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Basic graphic element used to construct an image.
- .PP
- Examples of telewriting presentation elements are: trace, closed area,
- background.
- .bp
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.3
- \fBcoding rectangle\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Rectangular area representing the coding space in horizontal and vertical
- direction, available for coding of a telewriting image.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.4
- \fBimage area\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- (previously: text area)
- .PP
- Rectangular part of the display area, to be considered as the image of
- the coding rectangle.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.5
- \fBbackground\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Presentation element being a rectangular area with the same size as the
- image area, acting as a reference area on which telewriting foreground
- information can be presented.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.6
- \fBtrace\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Presentation element being a curve of an arbitrary shape, starting from
- a defined position, being completed incrementally and ending at a defined
- position.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.7
- \fBclosed area\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Presentation element being an area enclosed within one trace which constitutes
- a closed line.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.8
- \fBmarker\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Marked representation of a single position in a telewriting
- image.
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ A marker is not a permanent part of a telewriting image,
- but exists only as long as it is activated.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.9
- \fBattribute\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- A particular property which applies to a presentation element or to a group
- of presentation elements.
- .PP
- Examples: line thickness, colour.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB3\fR \fBReferences\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- In the text of this Recommendation the following
- Recommendations/standards are referred to:
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- Rec.\ F.730: Service oriented requirements for telewriting
- applications.
- .LP
- \(em
- Rec.\ T.101: International interworking for videotex services; Annex\
- C, data syntax\ II.
- .LP
- \(em
- Rec.\ V.21: 300 bits per second duplex modem standardized for use in
- the general switched telephone network.
- .LP
- \(em
- ISO 9281: Information processing \(em Identification of picture coding
- methods.
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB4\fR \fBPresentation functionalities\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 4.1
- This section describes a set of presentation functionalities. This set
- of functionalities is intended as a repertoire of presentation
- functionalities for telewriting in general. For a specific application
- a subset may be defined.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 4.2
- In the description of presentation functionalities, the concept of TRACE
- is being used. A trace is a curve of an arbitrary shape, starting from
- a defined position, being completed incrementally and ending at a defined
- position. Handwritten information is considered to consist of traces.
- .PP
- 4.3
- Representation of the handwritten information is accomplished by the sequential
- reconstruction of the individual traces. This implies that the effect of
- movement is retained during each reproduction.
- .PP
- 4.4
- Telewriting information is to be displayed on the display area of some
- output device. The display area is considered to be a two\(hydimensional
- surface.
- .bp
- .PP
- 4.5
- The display area is subdivided into an image area and a border
- area; see Figure\ 1\(hy1/T.150.
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 15P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 1\(hy1/T.150 [T1.150] \ \
- (\*`a traiter comme tableau MEP), p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .PP
- 4.6
- The border area surrounds the image area. External form and
- dimensions of the border area are not specified. The presence of a border
- area is not mandatory. It is however inevitable in certain implementations.
- .PP
- 4.7
- The image area is rectangular. The two shorter edges of the image area
- have a vertical orientation, the two longer edges have a horizontal
- orientation. The length ratio of shorter and longer edges is 3:4.
- .PP
- 4.8
- The position of telewriting information on the display area is
- defined with respect to the edges of the image area.
- .PP
- 4.9
- Information on the display area is composed of presentation
- elements of three categories:
- .LP
- \(em
- foreground,
- .LP
- \(em
- background,
- .LP
- \(em
- border area.
- .PP
- 4.10
- Foreground and background presentation elements are defined in the image
- area only.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Border area presentation elements are defined in the border area only.
- The use of the border area is not defined for telewriting.
- .PP
- 4.11
- Foreground presentation elements include trace, marker and
- closed area.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 4.12
- The presentation elements have the following
- characteristics:
- .LP
- \(em
- \fITrace\fR | This is the curve as defined in \(sc 2.6 of this part;
- the essence of the handwritten information is represented by one trace
- or by
- any combination of traces; the image area can contain an undefined number of
- traces at a time.
- .LP
- \(em
- \fIMarker\fR | This is a marked representation of a single
- position; it behaves as if it is overlaid on the foreground; a moving marker
- does not create a trace; a marker can be switched on and off; one user can
- generate only one marker at a time. The image area can contain one locally
- generated marker and one remotely generated marker.
- .LP
- \(em
- \fIClosed area\fR | This is the area that is enclosed within a
- closed trace; this closed trace is the perimeter. A trace is a closed trace
- if it intersects itself; a trace that is nearly closed can be converted
- into a
- closed trace, by the addition of the lacking part of the trace.
- .LP
- \(em
- \fIBackground\fR | The background is a defined reference area on which
- foreground information is to be imaged; if the full image area is filled
- with foreground information, the background is not visible.
- .bp
- .LP
- \(em
- \fIBorder area\fR | The border area is independent of the
- information in the image area.
- .LP
- In case of a CRT display the border area is the remaining
- part between image area and edges of the display area.
- .LP
- In case of a cell\(hystructured display device, the image area may coincide
- exactly with the display area. In that case no border area
- remains.
- .PP
- 4.13
- The various presentation elements can have attributes assigned to them
- as defined in Table\ 1\(hy1/T.150.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .ce
- \fBH.T. [T2.150]\fR
- .ce
- TABLE\ 1\(hy1/T.150
- .ce
- \fBAttributes of telewriting presentation\fR
- .ce
- \fBelements\fR
- .ps 9
- .vs 11
- .nr VS 11
- .nr PS 9
- .TS
- center box;
- cw(60p) | cw(120p) .
- Presentation element Attributes
- _
- .T&
- lw(60p) | lw(120p) .
- Trace {
- Line thickness, line texture, colour
- }
- .T&
- lw(60p) | lw(120p) .
- Marker Shape, size, colour
- .T&
- lw(60p) | lw(120p) .
- Closed area {
- Area texture, colour (interaction or area attributes with background
- attributes to be defined)
- }
- .T&
- lw(60p) | lw(120p) .
- Background Area texture, colour
- .T&
- lw(60p) | lw(120p) .
- Border area Not defined
- .TE
- .LP
- \fINote\fR
- \ \(em\ The concept of colour includes \*Qintensity\*U.
- .nr PS 9
- .RT
- .ad r
- \fBTableau 1\(hy1/T.150 [T2.150], p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .PP
- 4.14
- Once an image is displayed, subsequent modification of attributes is restricted
- as follows:
- .LP
- \(em
- trace: attributes unchangeable;
- .LP
- \(em
- marker: attributes can be changed at any instant;
- .LP
- \(em
- closed area: attributes unchangeable;
- .LP
- \(em
- background: attributes can be changed at any instant.
- .PP
- 4.15
- In case of intersection of two traces, the image of the older trace is
- interrupted as far as it coincides with the newer trace.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 4.16
- In case of intersection of a trace and a marker, the image of the trace
- is interrupted as far as it coincides with the marker. After removal of
- the marker, the image of the original trace is restored.
- .PP
- 4.17
- With respect to erasure of foreground information, a distinction is made
- regarding the area in which erasure takes place:
- .LP
- \(em
- full image area;
- .LP
- \(em
- defined part of the image area;
- .LP
- \(em
- individual traces.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 4.18
- \fIErasure of the full image area\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- All foreground information in the image area is removed; the
- background assumes a pre\(hydefined appearance.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 4.19
- \fIErasure of a defined part of the image area\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- An area is identified either by means of a closed trace or as a
- defined square, within which all foreground information is to be removed
- including the perimeter itself.
- .bp
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 4.20
- \fIErasure of individual traces\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- An existing trace is covered by a thicker trace with the same
- attributes as the background: this type of erasure is processed in the
- same way as a trace.
- .RT
- .PP
- 4.21
- Any modification of background information can take place for the full
- image area only.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB5\fR \fBPrinciples of telewriting coding\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 5.1
- Telewriting coding relates to coding of telewriting information in foreground
- and background and to erasure functions.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 5.2
- This section contains principles of telewriting coding. In Parts\ 3 and\
- 4, details of telewriting coding are defined for two methods, namely zone
- coding and differential chain coding, respectively.
- .PP
- 5.3
- The coding is defined at the \*Qtelewriting coding interface\*U,
- TCI. This interface is introduced for ease of reference, but need not exist
- physically.
- .PP
- 5.4
- In the sending part of the telewriting terminal, the signal at
- the TCI contains all data originating from handwritten input, selection of
- attributes and use of erasure functions.
- .PP
- 5.5
- The signals at the TCI, both in sending and receiving parts, do
- not contain data pertaining to transmission or communication functions.
- .PP
- 5.6
- In the receiving part of the telewriting terminal, the signal at the TCI
- contains all data required to image the information in accordance with
- the intentions of the originator.
- .PP
- 5.7
- The concept of the TCI is illustrated in Figure 1\(hy2/T.150.
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 18P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 1\(hy2/T.150, p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .PP
- 5.8
- The signal at the TCI includes x and y coordinate information
- regarding telewriting presentation elements.
- .PP
- 5.9
- The x and y coordinates are related to a unit area of 1 \(mu 1. This implies
- that the respective values of x and y always lie between 0 and 1 (0
- included, 1 not included).
- .PP
- 5.10
- The origin of the coordinate system is in the lower left corner. The x\(hyaxis
- is horizontal, the y\(hyaxis is vertical.
- .bp
- .PP
- 5.11
- The horizontal size of the telewriting image area corresponds with x\ =\
- 1, the vertical size of this image area corresponds with y\ =\ 0.75. See
- Figure\ 1\(hy3/T.150.
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 12P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 1\(hy3/T.150 [T3.150] \ \
- (\*`a traiter comme tableau MEP), p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .sp 1
- .PP
- 5.12
- All coordinates of the telewriting information are quantized
- relative to a measurement grid in the unit area. The resolution of this grid
- determines the accuracy.
- .PP
- 5.13
- The default resolution is 512 \(mu 512 grid units. The telewriting
- coding can optionally also accommodate grid resolutions of 1024\ \(mu\ 1024 and
- 2048\ \(mu\ 2048 grid units.
- \v'1P'
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fBPart\ 2\ \(em\ \fR \fBTelewriting together with telephony\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB1\fR \fBGeneral\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 1.1
- This part of the Recommendation defines the use of telewriting in combination
- with voice communication through a telephone network (PSTN).
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 1.2
- For this application, both sides of the connection must have a
- combined telephone and telewriting terminal.
- .PP
- 1.3
- The combined telephone and telewriting terminal should, as long as the
- telewriting transmission function is switched off, behave like a normal
- telephone set, both for incoming and outgoing calls. In this situation, the
- full bandwidth is available for transmission of speech signals.
- .PP
- 1.4
- During a telephone conversation, the telewriting transmission
- function at either side of the connection, may be switched on and off,
- manually or automatically.
- .PP
- 1.5
- Remark that in this part of the Recommendation \*Qswitching on and off\*U
- of the telewriting function refers to the telewriting transmission
- functions. Regardless of this, the telewriting equipment may be used locally,
- whether or not a telephone connection exists.
- .PP
- 1.6
- By means of the telewriting terminal, the user can generate
- information. This includes: creation of traces, marker switching on and off,
- movement of the marker, use of erasure functions.
- .PP
- 1.7
- In this part, distinction is made between \*Qbasic terminal\*U and
- \*Qenhanced terminal\*U.
- .PP
- 1.8
- The enhanced terminal is not defined yet, but compared to the
- basic terminal it is anticipated to have additional capabilities regarding
- unattended operation, transmission facilities and presentation
- functionalities.
- .bp
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB2\fR \fBMain characteristics of the basic terminal\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 2.1
- In this section, a basic terminal is defined.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- In the basic terminal a set of functions is implemented that is to be considered
- as a minimum requirement; thus a basic level of compatibility
- is defined.
- .PP
- 2.2
- A basic terminal includes a telephone apparatus, a writing device and a
- display device. Circuitry to implement control functions may be
- accommodated in a separate unit or may be included in one of the devices
- mentioned.
- .PP
- 2.3
- Information, generated at either side of the connection will be
- reproduced on the display devices at both sides of the connection.
- .PP
- 2.4
- Both sides of the connection can contribute, one after another, to the
- same image.
- .PP
- 2.5
- In the basic terminal, transmission of telewriting signals is
- accomplished through a sub\(hychannel, segregated from the speech channel.
- Transmission of speech signals and telewriting signals can take place
- simultaneously.
- .PP
- 2.6
- Half\(hyduplex transmission is used for conveying the telewriting
- signals through the sub\(hychannel, i.e.\ the transmitter is prevented
- from sending as long as the associated receiver receives telewriting signals
- from the other side.
- .PP
- 2.7
- The total power level of speech plus telewriting signals should
- conform to the limits normally applicable to speech transmission and data
- transmission.
- .PP
- 2.8
- The basic terminal can assume three modes of operation. The
- characteristics pertinent to each mode, are described in Table\ 2\(hy1/T.150.
- .ce
- \fBH.T. [T4.150]\fR
- .ce
- TABLE\ 2\(hy1/T.150
- .ce
- \fBModes of operation of the basic terminal\fR
- .ps 9
- .vs 11
- .nr VS 11
- .nr PS 9
- .TS
- center box;
- lw(72p) | lw(132p) .
- Speech only {
- The telewriting function remains in the OFF condition.
- }
- _
- .T&
- lw(72p) | lw(132p) .
- Speech plus telewriting {
- The telewriting function can be switched ON after the establishment of a
- connection. Speech signals and telewriting signals can be
- sent simultaneously.
- }
- _
- .T&
- lw(72p) | lw(132p) .
- Telewriting only {
- This mode can be switched ON after the establishment of a connection.
- The sending of speech signals is blocked, the power level of the
- telewriting signals is increased correspondingly. Reception of speech
- signals is still possible.
- }
- _
- .TE
- .nr PS 9
- .RT
- .ad r
- \fBTableau 2\(hy1/T.150 [T4.150], p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .PP
- 2.9
- In this Recommendation, the expression \*Qtelewriting ON\*U is used
- as a common indication for either \*Qspeech plus telewriting\*U or \*Qtelewriting
- only\*U.
- .PP
- 2.10
- A basic terminal may be able to continue transmission and
- reception of telewriting signals after termination of the human conversation.
- In this case, the telewriting transmission function will be switched OFF
- automatically after completion of the telewriting transmission. (Defined in
- more detail later on.)
- .PP
- 2.11
- For the coding of telewriting information, two methods are
- recognized for use at the sending side: tone coding (defined in Part\ 3) and
- differential chain coding (defined in Part\ 4).
- .PP
- At the receiving side, the basic terminal should be able to
- properly accept telewriting signals coded according to either method.
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB3\fR \fBPresentation functionalities of the \fR \fBbasic terminal\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 3.1
- The general description of presentation functionalities, as
- given in Part\ 1, \(sc\ 4, applies.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- With respect to this general description certain restrictions
- apply, as defined in the following points.
- .bp
- .PP
- 3.2
- The presentation functionalities as described for the basic
- terminal are to be regarded as default capabilities.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- If required, characteristics of terminals with a higher level of sophistication
- will be described in a section on enhanced terminal.
- .PP
- 3.3
- The basic terminal employs a monochrome display device. The
- writing device generates coded representations of monochrome images only.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 3.4
- The attributes applying to the basic terminal are given in
- Table\ 2\(hy2/T.150.
- .LP
- .sp 2
- .ce
- \fBH.T. [T5.150]\fR
- .ce
- TABLE\ 2\(hy2/T.150
- .ce
- \fBAttributes applying to the basic terminal\fR
- .ps 9
- .vs 11
- .nr VS 11
- .nr PS 9
- .TS
- center box;
- cw(72p) | cw(156p) .
- Presentation elements Attributes
- _
- .T&
- lw(72p) | lw(156p) .
- Image size {
- Horizontal: 512 GU
- Vertical: 0.75 \(mu 512 GU
- Options, the receiver must be able to accept:
- Horizontal: 1024 and 2048 GU
- Vertical: 0.75 \(mu 1024 and
- \fBVertical:\fR
- 0.75 \(mu 2048 GU.
- }
- .T&
- lw(72p) | lw(156p) .
- Trace
- .T&
- lw(72p) | lw(156p) .
- \(em\ thickness {
- Unit thickness, as used in the output device.
- Options: 2 \(mu and 3 \(mu unit thickness.
- }
- .T&
- lw(72p) | lw(156p) .
- \(em\ texture Solid, no options.
- .T&
- lw(72p) | lw(156p) .
- \(em\ colour {
- Monochrome, as used in the output device. The receiver must be able
- to accept the codes of traces with colours: red,
- green, blue, yellow, magenta, cyan, white, black. A black trace has the
- same colour as the background (used for erasure).
- }
- .T&
- lw(72p) | lw(156p) .
- Closed area
- .T&
- lw(72p) | lw(156p) .
- \(em\ texture Solid.
- .T&
- lw(72p) | lw(156p) .
- \(em\ colour {
- Same as background colour (used only for partial
- erasure). The receiver must be able to accept the codes of
- closed areas with colours: red, green, blue,
- yellow, magenta, cyan, white, black.
- }
- .T&
- lw(72p) | lw(156p) .
- Background
- .T&
- lw(72p) | lw(156p) .
- \(em\ texture/colour {
- No information about the background is transmitted. Background can only
- be imagined as dark screen. This corresponds with colour
- black.
- }
- .T&
- lw(72p) | lw(156p) .
- Border area {
- Border area is not specified, no information about the border area is
- transmitted.
- }
- .T&
- lw(72p) | lw(156p) .
- Marker
- .T&
- lw(72p) | lw(156p) .
- \(em\ shape {
- PLUS sign; other shapes may be possible depending on terminal
- implementation.
- }
- .T&
- lw(72p) | lw(156p) .
- \(em\ size Not specified.
- .T&
- lw(72p) | lw(156p) .
- \(em\ colour {
- Marker colour is not transmitted; on a monochrome device the marker
- appears in foreground colour; on a colour device the marker may assume
- a colour under local control.
- }
- .T&
- lw(72p) | lw(156p) .
- Full erasure Black background is restored.
- .T&
- lw(72p) | lw(156p) .
- Partial erasure {
- 1)\ closed area;
- 2)\ overwriting with thicker black trace.
- GU\ Grid units
- }
- _
- .TE
- .nr PS 9
- .RT
- .ad r
- \fBTableau 2\(hy2/T.150 [T5.150], p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB4\fR \fBTransmission for the basic terminal\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 4.1
- Transmission of the modulated telewriting signal takes place in a small
- frequency band, segregated from the speech channel. This band is
- referred to as the sub\(hychannel.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 4.2
- The centre of the sub\(hychannel is located at 1750 Hz. Details of
- the implementation are not given here, but the requirements of \(sc\(sc\
- 4.6 and\ 4.7 should be met.
- .PP
- 4.3
- The binary telewriting signal is converted into a signal suitable for transmission,
- by means of frequency shift modulation. Details are the same as those specified
- in Recommendation\ V.21 for channel\ 2 (the high channel).
- .PP
- 4.4
- The modulation rate is 300 Bd, the bit rate is 300 bit/s.
- .PP
- 4.5
- The V.21 requirements for channel 2 are summarized as follows: The nominal
- mean frequency of the transmission signal is 1750\ Hz. The frequency
- deviation is + or \(em100\ Hz. Consequently, the nominal characteristic
- frequencies are 1850\ Hz and 1650\ Hz respectively. The higher frequency
- corresponds to a
- binary\ 0.
- .PP
- 4.6
- The amount of speech signal power that can reach the local and
- remote telewriting receivers, should be sufficiently low to avoid errors
- in the demodulated telewriting signal.
- .PP
- 4.7
- The amount of telewriting signal power that can reach the local
- and remote telephone receivers (i.e.\ the loudspeaker part) should be
- sufficiently low to avoid disturbance of the conversation.
- .PP
- 4.8
- In the mode of operation \*Qtelewriting only\*U, the output power of the
- telewriting transmitter shall be in accordance with the requirements
- described in Recommendation\ V.21.
- .PP
- 4.9
- In the mode of operation \*Qspeech plus telewriting\*U, the modulated Telewriting
- signal should be attenuated by 4\ dB with regard to the level
- determined by \(sc\ 4.8. If experience shows that also the power of the speech
- signal should be adapted, relevant requirements will be included in the next
- issue of this Recommendation.
- .PP
- 4.10
- In the case of long\(hydistance communication an echo suppressor may be
- present in the link. This will hamper the \*Qspeech plus telewriting\*U
- mode.
- Since, generally, disabling of the echo suppressor cannot be guaranteed to
- solve the problem, it is recommended to use the \*Qtelewriting only\*U mode,
- alternating with the \*Qspeech only\*U mode.
- .PP
- 4.11
- The telewriting data as well as communication control commands are structured
- in 8\(hybit bytes.
- .PP
- For transmission, each byte is packed in an 11\(hybit transmission
- word as defined below.
- .PP
- 4.12
- The structure of each transmission word is as follows:
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- 1\fR startbit, binary value ZERO
- .LP
- 8 bits representing telewriting or control data
- .LP
- 1 parity bit
- .LP
- stopbit, binary value ONE.
- .PP
- This structure is illustrated in Figure 2\(hy0/T.150.
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 8P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 2\(hy0/T.150 [T6.150] \ \
- (\*`a traiter comme tableau MEP), p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .PP
- 4.13
- For the value of the parity bit, EVEN parity applies. This
- Recommendation does not specify any action for the basic terminal in case of
- reception of an erroneous parity bit.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 4.14
- The transmission words are conveyed in start\(hystop mode, i.e. the pause
- following a transmission word until the occurrence of the next
- transmission word, may in principle have any duration. However, the bits
- constituting the transmission word should be transmitted as a contiguous
- sequence at the appropriate bit rate.
- .bp
- .PP
- 4.15
- In addition to its task of transporting bits, the data send signal may
- assume one of three possible states:
- .LP
- \(em
- MARK signal: a binary ONE condition, with a duration
- significantly longer than a bit period.
- .LP
- \(em
- SPACE signal: a binary ZERO condition; this condition is not used in
- the framework of this Recommendation.
- .LP
- \(em
- Carrier OFF: no send signal present.
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB5\fR \fBTransmission blocks\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 5.1
- To define the transmission structure, the concept of
- transmission block is introduced. In the general case, a transmission block
- contains transmission words and MARK signals. However, also transmission
- blocks containing MARK signals only may occur.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 5.2
- The beginning of a transmission block is identified by the
- occurrence of one out of two defined combinations of MARK signal and carrier
- OFF condition, referred to as start combination\ No.\ 1 and start
- combination\ No.\ 2.
- .PP
- 5.3
- The start combinations are defined as follows:
- .LP
- \(em
- start combination No. 1
- carrier OFF during at least
- 130\ ms, followed by
- .LP
- MARK signal of 100\ \(+-\ 20 ms followed by
- .LP
- carrier OFF during 100\ \(+-\ 20 ms followed by
- .LP
- MARK signal of 200\ \(+-\ 20 ms.
- .LP
- \(em
- start combination No. 2
- carrier OFF during at least
- 130\ ms, followed by
- .LP
- MARK signal of 400\ \(+-\ 20 ms.
- .PP
- See illustration in Figure 2\(hy1/T.150.
- .PP
- The use of these start combinations is defined later.
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 17P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 2\(hy1/T.150, p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .PP
- 5.4
- Immediately following the start combination of a transmission block, one
- of the following signals should be sent:
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- a MARK signal
- .LP
- \(em
- a single transmission word
- .LP
- \(em
- a sequence of transmission words.
- .PP
- Between any two subsequent transmission words, a MARK signal
- may occur, representing a pause in the writing process.
- .bp
- .PP
- 5.5
- Every transmission block is terminated by a MARK signal of
- 500\ \(+-\ 20\ ms. The MARK signal is to be followed by a carrier OFF condition
- of at least 130\ ms.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 5.6
- The MARK signals representing pauses may have various durations, determined
- as follows:
- .LP
- \(em
- during PEN DOWN and absence of other telewriting activity,
- the MARK signal may continue without limitation;
- .LP
- \(em
- after PEN UP the terminal will apply a limit of 500\ \(+-\ 20\ ms. Within
- this limit the telewriting activity may continue without procedural
- steps. If the limit expires, the carrier will be switched OFF. Thus the
- transmission block is automatically terminated by the terminal. Sending of
- further data requires the start of a new transmission block.
- .PP
- 5.7
- The periods between transmission blocks are indicated by
- carrier OFF conditions.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 5.8
- The formats of transmission blocks are summarized in
- Figure\ 2\(hy2/T.150.
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 10P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 2\(hy2/T.150, p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB6\fR \fBTransmission procedure\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 6.1
- Prior to actually sending telewriting data, the terminal is to decide whether
- it functions in MASTER mode or in SLAVE mode.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- In case of a transmission collision, the master terminal has
- transmission privilege over slave terminals.
- .PP
- 6.2
- The terminal decides about the master/slave status by sending the start
- combination\ No.\ 1 and observing the received signal.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 6.3
- If the terminal, engaged in sending start combination No. 1,
- detects a received carrier signal at its receiver input (during a carrier
- OFF interval) it decides to be a slave and it postpones further attempts
- to send
- data. See Figure\ 2\(hy3/T.150.
- .PP
- 6.4
- If the terminal does not detect a received carrier signal during the sending
- of the start combination, it decides to be a master and continues sending.
- See Figure\ 2\(hy3/T.150.
- .PP
- 6.5
- In the case that only one terminal generates telewriting data,
- this terminal assumes the master status. The receiving terminal remains
- in the slave status.
- .PP
- 6.6
- As a header for the subsequent transmission blocks, a master
- terminal uses start combination\ No.\ 2, a slave terminal uses start
- combination\ No.\ 1. See Figure\ 2\(hy4/T.150.
- .PP
- 6.7
- The master/slave status decision in a given terminal remains valid until
- it is cancelled as follows:
- .LP
- \(em
- A master terminal becomes a slave if it is not engaged in
- sending at the moment that another terminal sends start combination\ No.\ 1.
- .LP
- \(em
- A slave terminal becomes a master terminal at the moment that it sends
- a start combination\ No.\ 1 and no receive carrier signals are being
- detected.
- .LP
- \(em
- A master status is cancelled by \*Qtelewriting OFF\*U.
- .bp
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 47P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 2\(hy3/T.150, p. 10\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 47P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 2\(hy4/T.150, p. 11\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB7\fR \fBCoding identifier\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 7.1
- In the communication control procedures, the existing of two
- coding methods is recognized, i.e.\
- zone coding
- and
- differential
- chain coding
- respectively.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The method actually used is identified by the coding identifier
- PCE. (PCE\ =\ picture control entity).
- .PP
- A terminal receiving signals according to either method will be able to
- activate the appropriate decoding function, by recognizing the coding
- identifier.
- .RT
- .PP
- 7.2
- The coding identifier is structured according to ISO 9281. In this standard,
- the coding identifier PCE is defined to comprise a picture
- coding delimiter (PCD) and a coding method identifier (CMI). See
- Figure\ 2\(hy5/T.150.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 13P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 2\(hy5/T.150 [T7.150] \ \
- (\*`a traiter comme tableau MEP), p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .sp 3
- .PP
- 7.3
- (Copy of ISO 9281, \(sc 6.2.4 modified)
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The PCD shall announce or delimit the data for a particular
- picture coding method. The PCD shall comprise the two\(hybyte sequence\ 01/11,
- 07/00.
- .PP
- 7.4
- (Copy of ISO 9281, \(sc 6.2.5)
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The CMI shall specify the particular coding method for the picture data
- that follow it. The CMI may consist of one or more octets corresponding
- to the bit combinations in the range\ 02/00 to\ 07/14 of an 8\(hybit code
- table.
- .PP
- 7.5
- (Copy of ISO 9281, \(sc 6.2.6)
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Each CMI identifying a particular picture coding method shall be registered
- with the ISO Registration Authority for Picture Coding Methods (to be set
- up).
- .PP
- 7.6
- The telewriting coding identifier, when included in a
- transmission block, occupies the first three (or more if appropriate)
- transmission words following the start combination. See Figure\ 2\(hy6/T.150.
- .bp
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 7P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 2\(hy6/T.150 [T8.150] \ \
- (\*`a traiter comme tableau MEP), p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .sp 1
- .PP
- 7.7
- In a point\(hyto\(hypoint configuration, the inclusion of the coding
- identifier in the first transmision block only, would in principle be
- sufficient for the whole session.
- .PP
- However, for multipoint communication, the insertion of the coding identifier
- in each transmission block is required.
- .PP
- In view of this requirement, it is recommended that the coding
- identifier be included in each transmission block containing telewriting
- data, irrespective of the configuration.
- .RT
- .PP
- 7.8
- The terminal should be designed such that transmission of the coding identifier
- takes place automatically at the right moment.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 7.9
- For telewriting equipment according to this Recommendation T.150 the following
- bit combinations should be used in the coding identifier. See
- Table\ 2\(hy3/T.150.
- .ce
- \fBH.T. [T9.150]\fR
- .ce
- TABLE\ 2\(hy3/T.150
- .ce
- \fBCoding identifier bit combinations\fR
- .ps 9
- .vs 11
- .nr VS 11
- .nr PS 9
- .TS
- center box;
- cw(108p) | cw(72p) .
- Acronym Bit combination
- _
- .T&
- lw(108p) | cw(72p) .
- PCD (2 byte sequence) 01/11, 07/00
- .T&
- lw(108p) | cw(72p) .
- CMI Zone coding 02/00, 04/00
- .T&
- lw(108p) | cw(72p) .
- CMI Diff\(hychain coding 02/00, 04/01
- .TE
- .LP
- \fINote\fR
- \ \(em\ The above allocations are of a preliminary nature, pending
- further development of ISO\ 9281.
- }
- _
- .TE
- .nr PS 9
- .RT
- .ad r
- \fBTableau 2\(hy3/T.150 [T9.150], p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .sp 1
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB8\fR \fBCommunication control\fR \fB, general requirements\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 8.1
- This section defines requirements for the control of data
- exchange for the basic telewriting terminal.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 8.2
- These requirements also apply to data exchange between any
- enhanced terminal and a basic terminal.
- .PP
- 8.3
- The requirements permit the use of a two\(hyhop satellite circuit in the
- connection between two terminals.
- .PP
- 8.4
- The requirements also permit multi\(hypoint communication via a voice bridge.
- .PP
- 8.5
- Establishment and clearing of the telephone connection take place in accordance
- with the requirements set by the telephone network.
- .PP
- 8.6
- For the basic terminal, automatic calling and answering are not
- defined.
- .PP
- 8.7
- A basic terminal may, as an option, be equipped such that it can maintain
- the exchange of telewriting data after termination of the speech
- conversation. This option is identified as \*Qautomatic call termination\*U.
- .PP
- 8.8
- The automatic call termination implies that the telewriting
- function (sending as well as receiving) is able to operate autonomously
- while the telephone apparatus is in the ON HOOK condition.
- .bp
- .PP
- 8.9
- To enable automatic call termination, the terminal must be
- able:
- .LP
- \(em
- to note that sending respectively reception of a telewriting transmission
- block is going on, during the ON HOOK condition of the telephone apparatus,
- .LP
- \(em
- to recognize the end of the final telewriting transmission
- block,
- .LP
- \(em
- to switch back to the speech only mode and to clear the
- telephone connection.
- .PP
- 8.10
- Switching between the three modes \*Qspeech only\*U, \*Qspeech plus telewriting\*U
- and \*Qtelewriting only\*U can be done manually. In addition,
- switching the telewriting function OFF can take place automatically by
- means of the communication control command SSO in the transmission signal.
- The
- transitions between modes of operation are illustrated in Figure\ 2\(hy7/T.150.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 16P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 2\(hy7/T.150, p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB9\fR \fBCommunication control commands\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 9.1
- For control of the communication process, the commands SSO and HLO are
- available.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The coding of these commands is as follows:
- .LP
- SSO
- 1/7
- .LP
- HLO
- 0/5
- .PP
- The meaning of these commands is described in Table\ 2\(hy4/T.150.
- .ce
- \fBH.T. [T10.150]\fR
- .ce
- TABLE\ 2\(hy4/T.150
- .ce
- \fBCommunication control commands\fR
- .ps 9
- .vs 11
- .nr VS 11
- .nr PS 9
- .TS
- center box;
- cw(24p) | cw(156p) .
- Acronym Meaning
- _
- .T&
- cw(24p) | lw(156p) .
- SSO {
- Set speech only
- This command indicates that the terminals are instructed to switch
- from telewriting ON to the speech only mode
- }
- _
- .T&
- cw(24p) | lw(156p) .
- HLO {
- Hello
- This command is to be sent by a terminal that expects telewriting
- data, but does no receive such data
- }
- _
- .TE
- .nr PS 9
- .RT
- .ad r
- \fBTableau 2\(hy4/T.150 [T10.150], p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .PP
- 9.2
- A terminal will automatically send SSO upon the instruction by its local
- user, to switch over from the telewriting ON mode to the speech only mode.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Transmission of SSO can take place in two ways:
- .LP
- \(em
- At the end of the current transmission block. SSO is attached to the
- block, according the format defined below.
- .LP
- \(em
- By means of a separate transmission block. Such a block is
- sent specifically for conveying SSO. Format: defined below.
- .PP
- 9.3
- A terminal receiving SSO will revert to the speech only mode
- and does not recognize further telewriting signals.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 9.4
- The format for sending SSO is defined in Figures 2\(hy8/T.150 and
- 2\(hy9/T.150.
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 17P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 2\(hy8/T.150, p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 18P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 2\(hy9/T.150, p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .PP
- 9.5
- The HLO command will only be sent in a block without
- telewriting data. The format should be as defined in Figure 2\(hy10/T.150.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 14P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 2\(hy10/T.150, p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .PP
- 9.6
- The HLO command is intended for use with automatic reception.
- This command will be sent by a terminal if it has not received valid
- telewriting data during a period of 35\ seconds since:
- .LP
- \(em
- establishment of the telephone call;
- .LP
- \(em
- reception of the last valid transmission block.
- .PP
- 9.7
- The terminal receiving a HLO command responds with a MARK
- signal of 700\ \(+-\ 20\ ms.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 9.8
- A terminal in the telewriting ON condition, receiving signals
- other than valid telewriting data (e.g.\ a tone from the telephone network)
- cannot enter the send mode. In this case, the terminal returns to the speech
- only mode without sending any command or other information (after a guard\(hytime
- of 35\ seconds).
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB10\fR \fBDescription of the \fR \fBcommunication process\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 10.1
- In order to describe the full communication process, the
- concepts of \*Qtelewriting activity\*U and \*Qtele\(hy
- writing session\*U are
- introduced. These are defined as follows:
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- \fBTelewriting activity\fR \ \(em\ Any action by the user that causes
- the telewriting terminal (in the telewriting ON condition), to send
- data. Examples of such actions are: pen down, marker ON, erasure.
- .LP
- \(em
- \fBTelewriting session\fR \ \(em\ A period of time delimited by session
- start and session end, during which two communicating terminals have a
- relationship that enables them to exchange telewriting data.
- .PP
- 10.2
- The event determining session start is:
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- the terminals are in the condition telewriting ON,
- .LP
- \(em
- at one of the terminals the first telewriting activity has
- occurred.
- .PP
- 10.3
- The event determining session end is:
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- the terminals switch over to the telewriting OFF
- condition.
- .PP
- 10.4
- The session is established as soon as the coding identifier is received
- and recognized by the receiving terminal.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 10.5
- At the beginning of the session, both terminals have the slave
- status. During the session, only one terminal at a time can acquire the
- master status.
- .PP
- 10.6
- In the preceding text of this Part 2, all elements to be used in the communication
- process are defined now.
- .PP
- The process can be summarized as described in Table 2\(hy5/T.150.
- .bp
- .PP
- 10.7
- The preceding description is given for a point\(hyto\(hypoint
- configuration. However, taking into account that only one terminal can
- have the master status, this description is applicable to a multipoint
- configuration as well. In this case it is indispensible that every transmission
- block contain a coding identifier.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .ce
- \fBH.T. [T11.150]\fR
- .ce
- TABLE\ 2\(hy5/T.150
- .ce
- \fBCommunication process summarized\fR
- .ps 9
- .vs 11
- .nr VS 11
- .nr PS 9
- .TS
- center box;
- lw(24p) | lw(180p) .
- Step 1 {
- Both parties agree by speech to switch to the telewriting ON
- condition.
- }
- .T&
- lw(24p) | lw(180p) .
- Step 2 {
- Following telewriting ON, each terminal is in the receive ready
- condition, i.e. the receiver is ON but it does not receive
- telewriting signals.
- }
- .T&
- lw(24p) | lw(180p) .
- Step 3 {
- The first telewriting activity occurring at one of the terminals causes
- that terminal to initiate the transmission of the first
- transmission block.
- }
- .T&
- lw(24p) | lw(180p) .
- Step 4 {
- The terminal initiating the transmission of the first
- transmission block assumes the master status.
- }
- .T&
- lw(24p) | lw(180p) .
- Step 5 {
- The session is established as soon as the receiving terminal has received
- and recognized the coding identifier contained in the first
- transmission block.
- }
- .T&
- lw(24p) | lw(180p) .
- Step 6 {
- Within the session, each terminal may alternatingly assume send, receive
- and receive ready conditions, as required by human actions
- and/or received signals.
- When appropriate, the master status will be taken over by an other
- terminal, as defined in the section on
- transmission procedures.
- }
- .T&
- lw(24p) | lw(180p) .
- Step 7 {
- In case of a transmission collision, the terminal with master status is
- permitted to continue sending; a terminal with slave status has to await a
- new opportunity.
- }
- .T&
- lw(24p) | lw(180p) .
- Step 8 {
- The session is terminated when the terminals switch to the telewriting
- OFF condition.
- }
- _
- .TE
- .nr PS 9
- .RT
- .ad r
- \fBTableau 2\(hy5/T.150 [T11.150], p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .sp 1
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fBPart\ 3\ \(em\ \fR \fBZone coding\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB1\fR \fBGeneral\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 1.1
- This part of the Recommendation defines details of the zone
- coding method.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 1.2
- For an application of zone coding together with telephony the
- combined requirements from Parts\ 1, 2 and\ 3 apply.
- .PP
- 1.3
- This part also specifies how the coded signal is to be structured in 8\
- bit bytes, in order to fit in the transmission words defined in Part\ 2.
- .PP
- 1.4
- In the writing pad, the beginning of a stroke of handwriting is
- recognized by the detection of the pen\(hydown condition.
- .PP
- 1.5
- Each stroke generates a set of time serial coordinate pairs during pen\(hydown.
- .PP
- 1.6
- The coordinates of handwriting during pen\(hydown are sampled at a
- fixed rate of 40\ samples/second.
- .PP
- 1.7
- The first sampling is initiated by pen\(hydown, and continues, ending when
- the pen is lifted.
- .PP
- 1.8
- The sequence of coordinate pairs is converted into a coded
- representation according to the zone coding rules. After this conversion the
- stroke is represented by the presentation element TRACE.
- .PP
- 1.9
- The presentation elements are coded in the form of opcodes and
- operands.
- .PP
- 1.10
- The opcodes have a fixed 8\(hybit length; the operands have a
- variable length.
- .PP
- 1.11
- The telewriting coordinate information is contained in the
- operands.
- .bp
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB2\fR \fBPresentation elements\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 2.1
- In tone coding, the following presentation elements are
- distinguished:
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- trace
- .LP
- \(em
- marker
- .LP
- \(em
- partial erasure
- .LP
- \(em
- untrace
- .LP
- \(em
- set colour
- .LP
- \(em
- line thickness
- .LP
- \(em
- complete erasure.
- .PP
- These elements and the format of the associated command streams
- are defined in Table\ 3\(hy1/T.150.
- .PP
- 2.2
- The opcodes are defined in Table 3\(hy2/T.150 (notation x/y means column\
- x, row\ y, in a 16\ \(mu\ 16\ code table).
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB3\fR \fBZone coding description\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 3.1
- A trace is coded as a sequence of vectors (vector = D).
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 3.2
- The beginning of a trace is the starting point of the first
- vector.
- .PP
- 3.3
- The end point of a vector constitutes the starting point for the next vector
- in the trace.
- .PP
- 3.4
- The starting point position of the first vector of each trace is coded
- in the form of a pair of absolute coordinates.
- .PP
- 3.5
- The position of each endpoint is determined by means of a
- measurement system, the origin of which must coincide with the starting
- point of the vector.
- .PP
- 3.6
- Within this measurement system, the endpoint position is found
- through a three step approximation:
- .LP
- \(em
- step\ 1: the quadrant \(*h, one value out of four; see
- Figure\ 3\(hy1/T.150;
- .LP
- \(em
- step\ 2: the zone k within the quadrant; for division and
- numbering, see Figure\ 3\(hy2/T.150;
- .LP
- \(em
- step\ 3: the relative address A within the zone.
- .PP
- 3.7
- In the coded representation, the quadrant and zone are
- indicated in a differential way: d\(*h and\ dk.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 3.8
- A set of 30 combinations of d\(*h and dk are selected to be coded in a
- compressed form, see Table\ 3\(hy3/T.150.
- .PP
- 3.9
- The relative address within the zone has a length depending upon the size
- of the zone.
- .PP
- 3.10
- A vector end point position of which the combination d\(*h and dk is not
- defined in Table\ 3\(hy3/T.150 is coded by EFZ (escape from zone code)
- followed by the absolute address.
- .PP
- 3.11
- The end of a trace is indicated by PLI (pen lift indicator)
- following the last (relative or absolute) address.
- .PP
- 3.12
- The zone coding is defined more precisely in \(sc\(sc 4 and 5. An
- example of this coding is given in \(sc\ 6.
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB4\fR \fBDefinitions of terms used in coding\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 4.1
- The vector D\di\udefined by:
- \v'6p'
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- D\di\u= P\di\u\(em P\di\\d\\u(em\d1\u
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- = (dx\di\u, dy\di\u) = (x\di\u\(em x\di\\d\\u(em\d1\u, y\di\u\(em y\di\\d\\u(em\d1\u)
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- .sp 1
- where P\di\uis the i\(hyth coordinate pair during pen\(hydown.
- .bp
- .ce
- \fBH.T. [T12.150]\fR
- .ce
- TABLE\ 3\(hy1/T.150
- .ce
- \fBPresentation element commands\fR
- .ps 9
- .vs 11
- .nr VS 11
- .nr PS 9
- .TS
- center box;
- lw(48p) | lw(180p) .
- Trace TRn {
- \(em
- The TRn command draws line segments that are defined by a
- co\(hyordinate information operand.
- \(em
- The TRn command stream is:
- ISP, TRn, . | | co\(hyordinate information . | |
- ISP.
- }
- _
- .T&
- lw(48p) | lw(180p) .
- Marker MKn {
- \(em
- The MKn command draws a marker pattern, the center of which is
- specified by a co\(hyordinate information operand.
- \(em
- The MKn command stream is:
- ISP, MKn, . | | co\(hyordinate information . | |
- ISP.
- }
- _
- .T&
- lw(48p) | lw(180p) .
- Partial Erasure PEn {
- \(em
- The PEn command erases the closed area defined by a co\(hyordinate
- information operand.
- \(em
- The PEn command stream is:
- ISP, PEn, . | | co\(hyordinate information . | |
- ISP.
- }
- _
- .T&
- lw(48p) | lw(180p) .
- Untrace UTn {
- \(em
- The UTn command erases the square area (with its sides parallel
- to the sides of the unit area) the centre of which is
- specified by a co\(hyordinate operand.
- \(em
- The size of the square is defined as follows:
- (32 \(mu 2\un\d\uD\dlF261\u9\d \(em 1) \(mu (32 \(mu 2\un\d\uD\dlF261\u9\d \(em 1) grid
- units.
- \(em
- The UTn command stream is:
- ISP, UTn . | | co\(hyordinate information . | |
- ISP.
- }
- _
- .T&
- lw(48p) | lw(180p) .
- Set Colour SC* {
- \(em
- The SC* command sets a colour attribute to a particular trace.
- The colour attribute* can be set at the
- values:
- *\ =\ R:\ red
- *\ =\ B:\ blue
- *\ =\ G:\ green
- *\ =\ M:\ magenta
- *\ =\ Y:\ yellow
- *\ =\ C:\ cyan
- *\ =\ W:\ white
- \(em
- The effect of an SC* command remains valid until the
- next SC* or CE command.
- \(em
- The SC* command stream is:
- ISP, SC*, ISP, TRn, . | | co\(hyordinate information . | |
- ISP.
- }
- _
- .T&
- lw(48p) | lw(180p) .
- Line Thickness LT* {
- \(em
- The LT* command sets a line thickness that is defined
- by *, as follows:
- *\ =\ 1:\ one grid unit width,
- *\ =\ 2:\ two grid units width,
- *\ =\ 3:\ three grid units width.
- \(em
- The effect of a LT* command remains valid until the next
- LT* or CE command.
- \(em
- The LT* command stream is:
- ISP, LT*, ISP, TRn, . | | co\(hyordinate information . | |
- ISP.
- }
- _
- .T&
- lw(48p) | lw(180p) .
- Complete Erasure CE {
- \(em
- The displayed image is erased completely.
- \(em
- The CE command is:
- ISP, CE, ISP.
- n
- determines the grid resolution,
- .LP
- n\ =\ 9
- means: grid resolution = 512 \(mu 512 (default value),
- .LP
- n\ =\ 10
- means: grid resolution = 1024 \(mu 1024,
- .LP
- n\ =\ 11
- means: grid resolution = 2048 \(mu 2048,
- .LP
- ISP
- Information Separator.
- .LP
- }
- _
- .TE
- .nr PS 9
- .RT
- .ad r
- \fBTableau 3\(hy1/T.150 [T12.150], p. 21\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .ce
- \fBH.T. [T13.150]\fR
- .ce
- TABLE\ 3\(hy2/T.150
- .ce
- \fBZone coding presentation opcodes\fR
- .ps 9
- .vs 11
- .nr VS 11
- .nr PS 9
- .TS
- center box;
- cw(96p) | cw(36p) | cw(36p) .
- Element Command Code
- _
- .T&
- lw(96p) | cw(36p) | cw(36p) .
- Trace TR 9\fB0 TR 10 TR 11\fR 12/9\fB0 12/10 12/11
- .T&
- lw(96p) | cw(36p) | cw(36p) .
- Marker MK 9\fB0 MK 10 MK 11\fR 13/9\fB0 13/10 13/11
- .T&
- lw(96p) | cw(36p) | cw(36p) .
- Partial erasure PE 9\fB0 PE 10 PE 11\fR 14/9\fB0 14/10 14/11
- .T&
- lw(96p) | cw(36p) | cw(36p) .
- Untrace UT 9\fB0 UT 10 UT 11\fR 15/9\fB0 15/10 15/11
- .T&
- lw(96p) | cw(36p) | cw(36p) .
- Set colour {
- SC R\fB0\fR
- SC G\fB0\fR
- SC Y\fB0\fR
- SC B\fB0\fR
- SC M\fB0\fR
- SC C\fB0\fR
- SC W\fB0\fR
- } {
- 11/0\fB0\fR
- 11/1\fB0\fR
- 11/2\fB0\fR
- 11/3\fB0\fR
- 11/4\fB0\fR
- 11/5\fB0\fR
- 11/6\fB0\fR
- }
- .T&
- lw(96p) | cw(36p) | cw(36p) .
- Line thickness {
- LT 1\fB0\fR
- LT 2\fB0\fR
- LT 3\fB0\fR
- } {
- 10/0\fB0\fR
- 10/1\fB0\fR
- 10/2\fB0\fR
- }
- .T&
- lw(96p) | cw(36p) | cw(36p) .
- Complete erasure CE \fB10\fR \fB1\fR 0/12
- _
- .TE
- .nr PS 9
- .RT
- .ad r
- \fBTableau 3\(hy2/T.150 [T13.150], p. 22\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .PP
- 4.2
- The quadrant number of the i\(hyth vector, \(*h\di\u, is defined
- as (see Figure\ 3\(hy1/T.150):
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \(*h\di\u =\ 1 for dx\ \(>="\ 0, dy\ \(>=\ 0
- .LP
- =\ 2 for dx\ <\ 0, dy\ \(>="\ 0
- .LP
- =\ 3 for dx\ <\ 0, dy\ <\ 0
- .LP
- =\ 4 for dx\ \(>="\ 0, dy\ <\ 0
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 26P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 3\(hy1/T.150, p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 4.3
- \fIZone division and zone designation number\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The space of vectors without signs is divided into square zones.
- The zones are numbered counter\(hy
- clockwise, as shown in Figure\ 3\(hy2/T.150.
- .PP
- The zone width is taken as the power of two. Thus the width of the
- k\(hyth zone is defined as:
- .RT
- .LP
- W(k)
- =\ 2
- for\ k\ =\ 1
- .LP
- =\ 2\ \(mu\ 2
- \u(k\(em2)/3
- \d
- for\ k\ >\ 1
- .PP
- 4.4
- The k\(hyth zone Z\dk\uis defined as:
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- 1)
- for k = 1
- .LP
- Z\dk\u= | | x | , | | y | ); 0\ \(=\ | | x | \ \(=\ W(k)\(em1,
- 0\ \(=\ | | y | \ \(=\ W(k)\(em1
- .LP
- 2)
- for k\ >\ 1
- .LP
- a)
- for k = 0 (mod 3)
- .LP
- Z\dk\u= | | x | , | | y | ); W(k)\ \(=\ | | x | \ \(=\ 2W(k)\(em1,
- W(k)\ \(=\ | | y | \ \(=\ 2W(k)\(em1
- .LP
- b)
- for k = 1 (mod 3)
- .LP
- Z\dk\u= | | x | , | | y | ); 0\ \(=\ | | x | \ \(=\ W(k)\(em1,
- W(k)\ \(=\ | | y | \ \(=\ 2W(k)\(em1
- .LP
- c)
- for k = 2 (mod 3)
- .LP
- Z\dk\u= | | x | , | | y | ); W(k)\ \(=\ | dx | \ \(=\ 2W(k)\(em1,
- 0\ \(=\ | | y | \ \(=\ W(k)\(em1
- .bp
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 26P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 3\(hy2/T.150, p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .PP
- 4.5
- The origin of the relative addresses in each zone is the lower left corner.
- The relative address in the k\(hyth zone, (A\dx\u, A\dy\u), is defined
- as:
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- 1)
- for k = 1
- .LP
- A\dx\u= dx, A\dy\u= dy
- .LP
- 2)
- for k\ >\ 1
- .LP
- a)
- for k = 0 (mod 3)
- .LP
- A\dx\u= | | x | \(em W(k), A\dy\u= | | y | \(em W(k)
- .LP
- b)
- for k = 1 (mod 3)
- .LP
- A\dx\u= | | x | , A\dy\u= | | y | \(em W(k)
- .LP
- c)
- for k = 2 (mod 3)
- .LP
- A\dx\u= | | x | \(em W(k), A\dy\u= | | y |
- .PP
- 4.6
- Quadrant number difference d\(*h\di\uis defined as:
- \v'6p'
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- d\(*h\di\u= \(*h\di\u\(em \(*h\di\\d\\u(em\d1\u
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- .sp 1
- where \(*h\d0\u= 1 for simplicity.
- .PP
- 4.7
- Zone number diffdrence dk\di\uis defined as:
- \v'6p'
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- dk\di\u= k\di\u\(em k\di\\d\\u(em\d1\u
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- .sp 1
- where k\di\uis the zone number obtained by the i\(hyth vector, and k\d0\u=
- 1 for simplicity.
- .bp
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB5\fR \fBSpecification of the coding\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 5.1
- The first pen\(hydown point is represented by the binary
- expression of the absolute coordinate pair (x\d0\u, y\d0\u), as follows:
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .ce
- \fBH.T. [T14.150]\fR
- .ps 9
- .vs 11
- .nr VS 11
- .nr PS 9
- .TS
- center box;
- cw(54p) | cw(54p) .
- x 0 y 0
- _
- .TE
- .nr PS 9
- .RT
- .ad r
- \fBTableau [T14.150], p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .PP
- 5.2
- All successive pen\(hydown points are represented by zone codes
- (ZC) and relative addresses (A\dx\u, A\dy\u).
- .PP
- 5.3
- The zero vector (0, 0) is not coded and transmitted. It is also
- possible the zone vector | | \di\u\(emX\di\\d\\u(em\d1\u | \ \(=\ 1,
- | | \di\u\(emY\di\\d\\u(em\d1\u | \ \(=\ 1) will be rejected before being
- coded.
- .PP
- 5.4
- The zone code is defined in Table 3\(hy3/T.150. The table specifies a zone
- code number\ 1 to\ 30 and a bit combination for 30\ combinations of d\(*h
- and
- dk.
- .PP
- 5.5
- The relative addresses (A\dx\u, A\dy\u) are represented by:
- .PP
- 5.6
- The bit length L is decided by:
- .PP
- L = 2 log\d2\uW(k).
- .PP
- 5.7
- For the combination of d\(*h and dk, not defined in Table
- 3\(hy3/T.150, the absolute addresses (x\di\u, y\di\u) follow EFZ, instead
- of ZC.
- .PP
- 5.8
- A stroke is terminated by the pen lift indicator (PLI) as soon
- as the pen is lifted.
- .PP
- 5.9
- The full data format of a stroke is illustrated in
- Figure\ 3\(hy3/T.150.
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB6\fR \fBA coding example\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- The trace of handwritten information is shown in Figure\ 3\(hy4/T.150,
- where P\di\uis the sampled point. An example of how to encode the coordinate
- data is shown in Table\ 3\(hy4/T.150. The zone coded bit stream is shown in
- Figure\ 3\(hy5/T.150.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB7\fR \fBData structure\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 7.1
- The zone coding opcodes and operands and the opcodes
- representing control commands are transmitted in the form of data packets.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 7.2
- Each packet consists of a header octet ISP (information
- separator), followed by an integral number of octets, and terminated by
- an ISP octet.
- .PP
- 7.3
- A packet may contain an undetermined number of opcodes. Boundaries of opcodes
- coincide with the boundaries of octets.
- .PP
- 7.4
- Data of variable length (the operand) is preceded by an opcode.
- After each operand the packet is terminated by an ISP octet at the earliest
- regular octet boundary.
- .PP
- 7.5
- If the end of the operand does not coincide with an octet
- boundary, the remaining bit positions until the octet boundary shall be
- filled with bits of the value ZERO.
- .PP
- At the receiving end, these zeros are ignored.
- .bp
- .ce
- \fBH.T. [T15.150]\fR
- .ce
- TABLE\ 3\(hy3/T.150
- .ce
- \fBZone code table\fR
- .ps 9
- .vs 11
- .nr VS 11
- .nr PS 9
- .TS
- center box;
- cw(42p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(42p) | cw(60p) .
- Zone code No. d\(*h dk Length of the code (bit) Code (the left bit is LSB)
- _
- .T&
- cw(42p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(42p) | lw(60p) .
- \ 1 0 \ 0 2 01
- .T&
- cw(42p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(42p) | lw(60p) .
- \ 2 3 \ 0 4 00 01
- .T&
- cw(42p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(42p) | lw(60p) .
- \ 3 1 \ 0 4 11 11
- .T&
- cw(42p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(42p) | lw(60p) .
- \ 4 0 \ 3 4 00 10
- .T&
- cw(42p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(42p) | lw(60p) .
- \ 5 0 \ 1 4 10 11
- .T&
- cw(42p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(42p) | lw(60p) .
- \ 6 0 \(em3 4 11 10
- .T&
- cw(42p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(42p) | lw(60p) .
- \ 7 3 \ 3 5 10 01 1
- .T&
- cw(42p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(42p) | lw(60p) .
- \ 8 0 \(em1 5 00 11 1
- .T&
- cw(42p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(42p) | lw(60p) .
- \ 9 3 \(em1 6 10 01 01
- .T&
- cw(42p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(42p) | lw(60p) .
- 10 3 \(em3 6 10 00 01
- .T&
- cw(42p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(42p) | lw(60p) .
- 11 2 \ 0 6 00 11 01
- .T&
- cw(42p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(42p) | lw(60p) .
- 12 1 \ 3 6 10 10 01
- .T&
- cw(42p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(42p) | lw(60p) .
- 13 1 \ 1 6 10 00 11
- .T&
- cw(42p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(42p) | lw(60p) .
- 14 1 \(em3 6 10 10 11
- .T&
- cw(42p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(42p) | lw(60p) .
- 15 0 \ 4 6 10 00 10
- .T&
- cw(42p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(42p) | lw(60p) .
- 16 0 \ 2 6 00 00 11
- .T&
- cw(42p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(42p) | lw(60p) .
- 17 0 \(em2 6 00 00 01
- .T&
- cw(42p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(42p) | lw(60p) .
- 18 3 \ 2 7 10 00 00 1
- .T&
- cw(42p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(42p) | lw(60p) .
- 19 3 \ 1 7 10 01 00 1
- .T&
- cw(42p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(42p) | lw(60p) .
- 20 2 \ 3 7 10 10 10 0
- .T&
- cw(42p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(42p) | lw(60p) .
- 21 1 \ 2 7 10 10 00 1
- .T&
- cw(42p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(42p) | lw(60p) .
- 22 1 \(em1 7 00 11 00 1
- .T&
- cw(42p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(42p) | lw(60p) .
- 23 1 \(em2 7 10 01 00 0
- .T&
- cw(42p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(42p) | lw(60p) .
- 24 0 \ 6 7 00 00 00 1
- .T&
- cw(42p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(42p) | lw(60p) .
- 25 0 \(em4 7 00 11 00 0
- .T&
- cw(42p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(42p) | lw(60p) .
- 26 0 \(em6 7 10 10 00 0
- .T&
- cw(42p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(42p) | lw(60p) .
- 27 3 \ 6 8 10 10 10 10
- .T&
- cw(42p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(42p) | lw(60p) .
- 28 2 \ 1 8 10 00 00 01
- .T&
- cw(42p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(42p) | lw(60p) .
- 29 2 \(em1 8 10 10 10 11
- .T&
- cw(42p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(42p) | lw(60p) .
- 30 2 \(em3 8 00 00 00 01
- _
- .T&
- cw(42p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(42p) | lw(60p) .
- PLI 3 11 0
- .T&
- cw(42p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(42p) | lw(60p) .
- EFZ 6 00 00 10
- .T&
- cw(42p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(42p) | lw(60p) .
- NULL 8 00 00 00 00
- .TE
- .LP
- PLI
- Pen lift indicator
- .LP
- EFZ
- Escape from zone code
- .nr PS 9
- .RT
- .ad r
- \fBTableau 3\(hy3/T.150 [T15.150], p. 26\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .sp 2
- .ce
- \fBH.T. [T16.150]\fR
- .ps 9
- .vs 11
- .nr VS 11
- .nr PS 9
- .TS
- center box;
- cw(54p) | cw(54p) .
- A x A y
- _
- .TE
- .nr PS 9
- .RT
- .ad r
- \fBTableau [T16.150], p. 27\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .ce
- \fBH.T. [T17.150]\fR
- .ps 9
- .vs 11
- .nr VS 11
- .nr PS 9
- .TS
- center box;
- cw(36p) | cw(30p) | cw(30p) .
- EFZ x i y i
- _
- .TE
- .nr PS 9
- .RT
- .ad r
- \fBTableau [T17.150], p. 28\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .sp 2
- .rs
- .sp 10P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 3\(hy3/T.150 [T18.150] \ \
- (\*`a traiter comme tableau MEP), p. 29\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 24P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 3\(hy4/T.150, p. 30\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .ce
- \fBH.T. [T19.150]\fR
- .ce
- TABLE\ 3\(hy4/T.150
- .ce
- \fBCoding example\fR
- .ps 9
- .vs 11
- .nr VS 11
- .nr PS 9
- .TS
- center box;
- cw(18p) | cw(12p) | cw(24p) | cw(12p) | cw(12p) | cw(12p) | cw(12p) | cw(12p) | cw(18p) | cw(12p) | cw(12p) | cw(24p) .
- i x, y dx, dy \(*h k d\(*h dk ZC Ax, Ay W(k) L/2 ZC\(hycode
- _
- .T&
- cw(18p) | cw(12p) | cw(24p) | cw(12p) | cw(12p) | cw(12p) | cw(12p) | cw(12p) | cw(18p) | cw(12p) | cw(12p) | cw(24p) .
- 0 1, 3 (1) (1)
- _
- .T&
- cw(18p) | cw(12p) | cw(24p) | cw(12p) | cw(12p) | cw(12p) | cw(12p) | cw(12p) | cw(18p) | cw(12p) | cw(12p) | lw(24p) .
- 1 1, 4 0, 1 1 1 0 0 1 0, 1 2 1 01
- _
- .T&
- cw(18p) | cw(12p) | cw(24p) | cw(12p) | cw(12p) | cw(12p) | cw(12p) | cw(12p) | cw(18p) | cw(12p) | cw(12p) | lw(24p) .
- 2 2, 5 1, 1 1 1 0 0 1 1, 1 2 1 01
- _
- .T&
- cw(18p) | cw(12p) | cw(24p) | cw(12p) | cw(12p) | cw(12p) | cw(12p) | cw(12p) | cw(18p) | cw(12p) | cw(12p) | lw(24p) .
- 3 5, 6 3, 1 1 2 0 1 5 1, 1 2 1 1011
- _
- .T&
- cw(18p) | cw(12p) | cw(24p) | cw(12p) | cw(12p) | cw(12p) | cw(12p) | cw(12p) | cw(18p) | cw(12p) | cw(12p) | lw(24p) .
- 4 7, 6 2, 0 1 2 0 0 1 0, 0 2 1 01
- _
- .T&
- cw(18p) | cw(12p) | cw(24p) | cw(12p) | cw(12p) | cw(12p) | cw(12p) | cw(12p) | cw(18p) | cw(12p) | cw(12p) | lw(24p) .
- 5 8, 5 1, \(em1 4 1 3 \(em1 9 1, 1 2 1 100101
- _
- .T&
- cw(18p) | cw(12p) | cw(24p) | cw(12p) | cw(12p) | cw(12p) | cw(12p) | cw(12p) | cw(18p) | cw(12p) | cw(12p) | lw(24p) .
- 6 9, 5 1, 0 1 1 1 0 3 1, 0 2 1 1111
- _
- .TE
- .nr PS 9
- .RT
- .ad r
- \fBTableau 3\(hy4/T.150 [T19.150], p. 31\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .sp 2
- .rs
- .sp 26P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 3\(hy5/T.150, p. 32\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .PP
- 7.6
- Successive packets may be sent contiguously, separated by a
- single ISP octet. See Figure\ 3\(hy6/T.150.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 13P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 3\(hy6/T.150, p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .PP
- 7.7
- If one of the octets containing variable length data
- accidentally imitates an ISP octet, the transmitter inserts an extra ISP
- octet, so that the imitation is duplicated. See Figure\ 3\(hy7/T.150.
- .PP
- If the imitation results from a combination of bits in two
- adjacent octets, no action is taken.
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 15P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 3\(hy7/T.150, p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .PP
- 7.8
- The receiver ignores the second ISP octet from each pair of ISP octets.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB8\fR \fBTemporary \fR \fBpen\(hystop\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 8.1
- During the writing process, the pen may stop at an arbitrary
- instant, remaining on the writing surface. As a consequence, the completion
- of the current operand is suspended.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 8.2
- Generally, the instant of pen\(hystop does not coincide with a byte boundary.
- In order to provide the receiving party with up\(hyto\(hydate information
- including the correct pen\(hystop position, the content of the incomplete
- byte
- should be transmitted prior to the MARK signal representing the writing pause.
- .PP
- 8.3
- The above can be achieved by means of the insertion of 8 extra
- bits, the NULL bits, in the bitstream. Each NULL bit has the binary value
- Zero.
- .PP
- 8.4
- The NULL bits are subdivided into two groups, one group preceding the MARK
- signal, the other group following the MARK signal.
- .PP
- 8.5
- The number of NULL bits in the first group equals the number of
- open bit positions in the current byte. This number is referred to as\ N.
- .bp
- .PP
- 8.6
- By the inclusion of N NULL bits the current byte is complete and can be
- transmitted. It is followed by the MARK signal.
- .PP
- 8.7
- As soon as the next writing activity occurs, the MARK signal is
- terminated.
- .PP
- 8.8
- The remaining 8\(hyN NULL bits are to occupy the leading
- bit\(hypositions of the first byte after the MARK signal.
- .PP
- 8.9
- The NULL bit mechanism is illustrated in Figure 3\(hy8/T.150.
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 12P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 3\(hy8/T.150, p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB9\fR \fBControl commands\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 9.1
- This section defines control commands, affecting the
- functioning of the terminal at the presentation level.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- These commands are:
- .LP
- \(em
- complete erasure,
- .LP
- \(em
- escape,
- .LP
- \(em
- information separator.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 9.2
- \fIComplete erasure CE\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- This command is defined already in Table 3\(hy1/T.150. It is repeated here
- because of the buffer control aspect.
- .PP
- The displayed image is erased completely, both at the sending side and
- the receiving side. Also the telewriting data in the transmission buffer
- at the sending side, and in the reception buffer at the receiving side
- is erased.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 9.3
- \fIExcape ESC\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- This is a code extension command. ESC is to be followed by an 8\(hybit
- operand, defining an alternative code table. ESC\ +\ operand is to be sent
- by an enhanced Telewriting terminal prior to each enhanced operation function.
- Details are to be defined in a section on enhanced terminal.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 9.4
- \fIInformation separator ISP\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- ISP acts as a delimiter of command packets as defined in \(sc 7. The terminal
- should check received data streams for pairs of ISP octets and, where required,
- should reject every second ISP octet.
- .RT
- .PP
- 9.5
- The coding of the above commands is defined in Table 3\(hy5/T.150 (the
- notation\ x/y means column\ x, row\ y, in a 16\ \(mu\ 16\ code table).
- .bp
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .ce
- \fBH.T. [T20.150]\fR
- .ce
- TABLE\ 3\(hy5/T.150
- .ce
- \fBCoding of control commands\fR
- .ps 9
- .vs 11
- .nr VS 11
- .nr PS 9
- .TS
- center box;
- cw(84p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
- Function Acronym Coding
- _
- .T&
- lw(84p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
- Complete erasure CE\fBC\fR 0/12
- .T&
- lw(84p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
- Escape ESC 1/11
- .T&
- lw(84p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
- Information separator ISP 1/15
- _
- .TE
- .nr PS 9
- .RT
- .ad r
- \fBTableau 3\(hy5/T.150 [T20.150], p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB10\fR \fBSummary code table\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- A summary of the coding for the opcodes is given in
- Figure\ 3\(hy9/T.150. All elements included have been defined in the previous
- sections.
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 33P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 3\(hy9/T.150, p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB11\fR \fBSummary \fR \fBtransmission data format\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- The transmission data format is illustrated in
- Figure\ 3\(hy10/T.150.
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 42P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 3\(hy10/T.150, p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB12\fR \fBZone coding basic terminal\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 12.1
- The basic terminal must be able to receive and correctly
- process the following presentation element commands:
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- TR 9, MK 9, PE 9, CE, ISP.
- .bp
- .PP
- 12.2
- The following presentation elements are optional:
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- TR 10, TR11
- .LP
- MK 10, MK 11
- .LP
- PE 10, PE 11
- .LP
- UT 9, UT 10, UT 11.
- .PP
- I.e. the transmitter may or may not be equipped with these
- commands.
- .PP
- The receiver must be able to receive and correctly process these
- commands.
- .RT
- .PP
- 12.3
- The following control commands are optional:
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- ESC, LT
- *
- , SC
- *
- .PP
- I.e. the receiver will accept these commands but does not
- undertake any further action.
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fBPart\ 4\ \(em\ \fR \fBDifferential chain coding\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB1\fR \fBGeneral\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 1.1
- This part of the Recommendation defines details of the
- differential chain coding method.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 1.2
- For an application of differential chain coding together with
- telephony, the combined requirements from Parts\ 1, 2 and\ 4 apply.
- .PP
- 1.3
- Differential chain coding is derived from the Videotex geometric coding
- as defined in Recommendation\ T.101, Annex\ C (CEPT Videotex).
- .PP
- 1.4
- The telewriting functionalities are nearly a subset of the
- Videotex geometric functionalities, as defined in Recommendation\ T.101,
- Annex\ C.
- .PP
- 1.5
- Differential chain coding was developed for compression purposes. In this
- coding method, the statistical properties of handwriting are employed.
- .PP
- 1.6
- This coding method uses spatial sampling of curves, as distinct
- from sampling with a fixed frequency. The size of the sampling steps is
- determined by the size of the so\(hycalled coding ring.
- .PP
- 1.7
- The precision of this coding method is expressed in grid units,
- GU. In the default situation, one GU corresponds to the binary
- fraction\ 2\
- **
- \(em9 of the unit length.
- .PP
- 1.8
- Each stroke of handwriting is processed by the writing pad
- circuitry and converted into a coded form.
- .PP
- The coded representation of a stroke is called TRACE.
- .PP
- 1.9
- The coding of the presentation element trace, as well as the
- coding of the remaining presentation elements is defined in terms of 7\ bit
- coding.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 1.10
- Conversion into 8 bit structured coding as required for
- transmission, is also specified in this Recommendation.
- .PP
- 1.11
- The word \*Qbyte\*U where used in this Recommendation, refers to a
- combination of 7 or 8\ bits, whatever is appropriate in the given context.
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB2\fR \fBPresentation elements\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- In differential chain coding, the following presentation elements are distinguished:
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- trace
- .LP
- \(em
- marker
- .LP
- \(em
- closed area
- .LP
- \(em
- partial erasure
- .LP
- \(em
- background
- .LP
- \(em
- complete erasure.
- .PP
- The attributes are:
- .LP
- \(em
- colour
- .LP
- \(em
- trace thickness
- .LP
- \(em
- trace texture.
- .bp
- .PP
- These presentation elements together with the attributes are
- described in Table\ 4\(hy1/T.150.
- .ce
- \fBH.T. [T21.150]\fR
- .ce
- TABLE\ 4\(hy1/T.150
- .ce
- \fBDifferential chain coding presentation elements\fR
- .ps 9
- .vs 11
- .nr VS 11
- .nr PS 9
- .TS
- center box;
- cw(48p) | cw(180p) .
- Element Description
- _
- .T&
- lw(48p) | lw(180p) .
- Trace {
- The trace is coded as a trace opcode plus a set of co\(hyordinate information defining a sequence of line segments. Trace
- corresponds with polyline in videotex.
- }
- _
- .T&
- lw(48p) | lw(180p) .
- Marker {
- The marker is coded as a marker opcode plus a single co\(hyordinate pair
- defining the position ot the marker's center point.
- }
- _
- .T&
- lw(48p) | lw(180p) .
- Closed area {
- The closed area is coded by an opcode plus a set of co\(hyordinate
- information defining a closed perimeter. The closed area corresponds with fill area in videotex.
- }
- _
- .T&
- lw(48p) | lw(180p) .
- Partial erasure {
- Partial erasure is obtained by means of the closed area concept. By
- giving the closed area the same attributes as the background, erasure is
- achieved for the area enclosed in the perimeter.
- }
- _
- .T&
- lw(48p) | lw(180p) .
- Background {
- At initialization and after complete erasure, the background shows
- default appearance. Modification of the background is obtained by means
- of the closed area concept. The closed area is chosen to have the size of the image area. The area attributes are set to the desired background
- appearance.
- }
- _
- .T&
- lw(48p) | lw(180p) .
- Complete erasure {
- Complete erasure is obtained by means of the clear screen concept.
- The whole image area will be set to the default background
- appearance.
- }
- _
- .T&
- lw(48p) | lw(180p) .
- Colour {
- Colour is an attribute, applicable to trace and closed are (including
- background). The effect of a colour command remains valid until the next
- colour command.
- }
- _
- .T&
- lw(48p) | lw(180p) .
- Trace thickness {
- Trace thickness is an attribute. It is determinated by means of a scale
- factor. The effect of a trace thickness command remains valid for all
- subsequent traces, until the next trace thickness
- command.
- }
- _
- .T&
- lw(48p) | lw(180p) .
- Trace texture {
- Trace texture is an attribute. It is determinated by means of a parameter allowing a choice amoung defined textures. The effect of a trace
- texture command remains valid for all subsequent traces, until the next
- trace texture command.
- }
- _
- .T&
- lw(48p) | lw(180p) .
- Marker type {
- Marker type is an attribute. It is determinated by means of a parameter
- allowing a choice among defined textures. The default value of marker type
- is\ 1. If the specified value is outside the
- range\ 0\ . | | \ 4, the marker is not displayed.
- }
- _
- .TE
- .nr PS 9
- .RT
- .ad r
- \fBTableau 4\(hy1/T.150 [T21.150], p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .sp 2
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB\fB3\fR \fBDescription of the coding\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 3.1
- The coded representation of a presentation element is called
- PRIMITIVE.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 3.2
- A primitive is composed of one opcode and a number of operands as required.
- .PP
- 3.3
- Certain opcodes are coded as a single byte, other opcodes are
- coded as combinations of two bytes.
- .PP
- 3.4
- The operand part of a primitive may utilize either basic format
- encoding or pointlist encoding.
- .bp
- .PP
- 3.5
- In basic format encoding the operand part of the primitive
- contains one or more operands, each consisting of one or more bytes.
- .PP
- 3.6
- In the pointlist encoding the operand part of the primitive
- contains coordinate information regarding an individual point or regarding a
- sequence of related points.
- .PP
- 3.7
- The position of an individual point, as well as the position of
- each first point of a sequence, is coded in absolute coordinates, i.e.\
- the x\(hy and y\(hycoordinate with respect to the origin of the coding
- space.
- .PP
- 3.8
- For the coding of the remaining points of a sequence, a choice is to be
- made among two possibilities, namely displacement mode and incremental
- mode.
- .PP
- 3.9
- In the displacement mode, each point (after the first) is coded by means
- of two size value parameters. The first size value gives the x\(hycomponent
- of the point's displacement from the preceding point in the sequence, the
- second size value gives the y\(hycomponent of the displacement.
- .PP
- 3.10
- In the incremental mode, a mechanism is used in which a single
- value, derived from a table, determines the position of a point with respect
- to the preceding point. This mechanism is suitable for coding a sequence
- of points containing a high amount of position information, such as a trace.
- .PP
- 3.11
- The mechanism, introduced in \(sc 3.10, is based on the use of a
- coding ring. At the beginning of trace, the starting point determines the
- centre point of the first ring. The intersection of trace and ring is
- identified and determines the centre point of the second ring.
- .PP
- 3.12
- Each new intersection determines the centre point for the next
- ring. Thus, the trace is represented by the starting point plus the series
- of intersection points. The end of a trace is indicated by means of the
- end of
- block\(hycode.
- .PP
- 3.13
- The method for identifying the various points on a ring utilizes small
- numbers for points with a high probability of being intersected and
- larger numbers for points with lower probability.
- .PP
- 3.14
- The numbering system for the reference points on the ring is
- defined in \(sc\(sc\ 4.6 and\ 4.7.
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB4\fR \fBIncremental mode mechanism\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 4.1
- The coding data in the incremental mode does not reflect
- coordinate size values, but represents a sequence of points identified
- by means of successive coding rings. Each ring identifies one point.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 4.2
- A ring is a set of reference points, positioned on the perimeter of a square.
- The position of the square is identified through the position of its centre
- point. The sides of the square are parellel to the x\(hy and\ y\(hyaxes.
- .PP
- 4.3
- The characteristics of the ring are determined by its radius R,
- its angular resolution factor\ p and its direction\ D.
- .PP
- The size of R is expressed in GU.
- .PP
- 4.4
- The number of reference points on a ring is N. The value of N is determined
- by:
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- N\ =\
- @ { R } over { \up\d } @ , with p\ =\ 0, 1, 2, 3.
- .PP
- It follows that the maximum number of reference points is
- N\ =\ 8R.
- .PP
- 4.5
- N must be even. If N is odd, the encoded operand (the point
- list) must be discarded. If N is even for the first part of the operand,
- but N is odd for the remaining part, the remaining part (with N being odd)
- is
- discarded.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 4.6
- To the reference points on the ring, point numbers are assigned as follows.
- The numbering starts with\ 0. The point with number\ 0 is called the
- direction point.
- .PP
- 4.7
- The default position for the direction point is shown in
- Figure\ 4\(hy1/T.150. Adjacent points are numbered\ 1 | | | \ N/2\(hy1
- in anticlockwise direction, and \(em1 | | | \ \(emN/2 in clockwise direction.
- Figure\ 4\(hy1/T.150 shows two rings with the numbered reference points.
- .PP
- 4.8
- In the figure the left ring is characterized by R = 3 and p = 0; the right
- ring by R\ =\ 3 and p\ =\ 1.
- .bp
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 25P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 4\(hy1/T.150, p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .PP
- 4.9
- The position of the reference points on each ring is fixed.
- However, the allocation of the point numbers is adapted to the trace direction
- as follows.
- .PP
- 4.10
- For the first ring of a sequence (at the starting point), the
- direction point is at default position, as shown in Figure\ 4\(hy1/T.150.
- .PP
- 4.11
- As soon as the growing trace intersects the first ring, the
- nearest reference point is determined. This point constitutes the centre
- point for the next ring.
- .PP
- 4.12
- The direction point on the second ring is located at that position where
- the next intersection would take place if the trace continued as a
- straight line.
- .PP
- 4.13
- As the trace grows, the nearest reference point at each
- intersection is determined. The respective point numbers of these points are
- converted into variable length code words according to the Huffman code
- table, defined in Table\ 4\(hy2/T.150.
- .PP
- 4.14
- The radius can have a value of R0, 2R0, 4R0 or 8R0, where R0 is
- the basic radius.
- .PP
- The angular resolution factor p can have a value of 0, 1, 2 or 3.
- .PP
- To modify these parameters the code table contains the
- codes\ C1 | | | | 6. For their use, see further on.
- .PP
- The basic radius R0 can be specified by the primitive \*Qset domain
- ring\*U. The default basic radius follows from:
- .RT
- .LP
- default basic radius = 2
- **
- max (0, \(em8\(hygranularity
- code).
- .PP
- 4.15
- The length of the code table is fixed. The point numbering
- ranges from \(em20 to +19. For the encoding in cases of rings with a higher
- number of reference points, two escape codes are defined: IM\(hyESC\ 1
- and IM\(hyESC\ 2. For their use, see \(sc\ 5.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 4.16
- At the end of the trace no further intersections occur. The
- variable length coded string is terminated by end of block.
- .bp
- .ce
- \fBH.T. [T22.150]\fR
- .ce
- TABLE\ 4\(hy2/T.150
- .ce
- \fBHuffman code table for differential chain coding\fR
- .ce
-
- .ce
- \fR
- .ps 9
- .vs 11
- .nr VS 11
- .nr PS 9
- .TS
- center box;
- cw(36p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
- Code No. Length Code\(hyword Point number
- _
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
- \ 1 \ 2 \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 00 \ \ 0
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
- \ 2 \ 2 \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 10 \ \ 1
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
- \ 3 \ 2 \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 01 \ \(em1
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
- \ 4 \ 4 \ \ \ \ \ \ 1100 \ \ 2
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
- \ 5 \ 4 \ \ \ \ \ \ 1101 \ \(em2
- _
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
- \ 6 \ 6 \ \ \ \ 111000 \ \ 3
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
- \ 7 \ 6 \ \ \ \ 111001 \ \(em3
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
- \ 8 \ 6 \ \ \ \ 111010 \ \ 4
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
- \ 9 \ 6 \ \ \ \ 111011 \ \(em4
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
- 10 \ 8 \ \ 11110000 \ \ 5
- _
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
- 11 \ 8 \ \ 11110001 \ \(em5
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
- 12 \ 8 \ \ 11110010 \ \ 6
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
- 13 \ 8 \ \ 11110011 \ \(em6
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
- 14 \ 8 \ \ 11110100 \ \ 7
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
- 15 \ 8 \ \ 11110101 \ \(em7
- _
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
- 16 \ 8 \ \ 11110110 \ \ 8
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
- 17 \ 8 \ \ 11110111 \ \(em8
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
- 18 10 1111100000 \ \ 9
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
- 19 10 1111100001 \ \(em9
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
- 20 10 1111100010 \ 10
- _
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
- 21 10 1111100011 \(em10
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
- 22 10 1111100100 \ 11
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
- 23 10 1111100101 \(em11
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
- 24 10 1111100110 \ 12
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
- 25 10 1111100111 \(em12
- _
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
- 26 10 1111101000 \ 13
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
- 27 10 1111101001 \(em13
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
- 28 10 1111101010 \ 14
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
- 29 10 1111101011 \(em14
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
- 30 10 1111101100 \ 15
- _
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
- 31 10 1111101101 \(em15
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
- 32 10 1111101110 \ 16
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
- 33 10 1111101111 \(em16
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
- 34 10 1111110000 \ 17
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
- 35 10 1111110001 \(em17
- _
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
- 36 10 1111110010 \ 18
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
- 37 10 1111110011 \(em18
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
- 38 10 1111110100 \ 19
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
- 39 10 1111110101 \(em19
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
- 40 10 1111110110 \ C1
- _
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
- 41 10 1111110111 \(em20
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
- 42 10 1111111000 \ C2
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
- 43 10 1111111001 \ C3
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
- 44 10 1111111010 \ C4
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
- 45 10 1111111011 \ C5
- _
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
- 46 10 1111111100 \ C6
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
- 47 10 1111111101 IM\(hyESC 1
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
- 48 10 1111111110 IM\(hyESC 2
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
- 49 10 1111111111 End of block
- _
- .TE
- .nr PS 9
- .RT
- .ad r
- \fBTableau 4\(hy2/T.150 [T22.150], p. 41\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB5\fR \fBChange of coding parameters\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 5.1
- The escape codes IM\(hyESC 1 and IM\(hyESC 2 enable the extension of the
- point numbering range on the ring. I.e.\ also points outside the range\
- \(em20 to\ +19 can be addressed. By the code IM\(hyESC\ 1, the absolute
- value of the point number is increased by 20, the sign remains unchanged.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- By the code IM\(hyESC 2, the absolute value of the point number is
- increased by 40, the sign remains unchanged.
- .PP
- 5.2
- The two escape codes can be used in combination with each other in any
- desired order. Some examples in Table\ 4\(hy3/T.150 illustrate their use.
- The number between\ [ | | represents the point number.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .ce
- \fBH.T. [T23.150]\fR
- .ce
- TABLE\ 4\(hy3/T.150
- .ce
- \fBUse of escape codes, examples\fR
- .ps 9
- .vs 11
- .nr VS 11
- .nr PS 9
- .TS
- center box;
- cw(84p) | cw(84p) .
- Description Intended point numbers
- _
- .T&
- lw(84p) | cw(84p) .
- <IM\(hyESC 1> [1] \ 21
- .T&
- lw(84p) | cw(84p) .
- <IM\(hyESC 1> [\(em1] \(em21
- .T&
- lw(84p) | cw(84p) .
- <IM\(hyESC 2> [14] \ 54
- .T&
- lw(84p) | cw(84p) .
- <IM\(hyESC 2> [\(em12] \(em52
- .T&
- lw(84p) | cw(84p) .
- {
- <IM\(hyESC 1> <IM\(hyESC 2>
- [6]
- } \ 66
- .T&
- lw(84p) | cw(84p) .
- {
- <IM\(hyESC 2> <IM\(hyESC 1>
- [\(em18]
- } \(em78
- _
- .TE
- .nr PS 9
- .RT
- .ad r
- \fBTableau 4\(hy3/T.150 [T23.150], p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .sp 2
- .PP
- 5.3
- The codes C1 up to C6 are used to change the parameters R and p
- that define the ring to be used. The use of these codes is defined in \(sc\(sc\
- 5.4
- and\ 5.10.
- .PP
- By the use of these codes the direction point is set at default
- position.
- .PP
- 5.4
- The range in which the parameters should remain is as
- follows:
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- R:
- R0, 2R0, 4R0, 8R0 (with R0 being the basic radius);
- .LP
- p:
- 0, 1, 2, 3.
- .PP
- 5.5
- Code C1 means: change R and p to the next higher value. E.g. if radius
- is R, the next higher is 2R; if p\ =\ 0 the next higher is\ 1.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- R cannot become greater tan 8R0 and p cannot become greater
- than\ 3. E.g.\ if current radius is 8R0 or current p\ =\ 3, the code\ C1 has no
- effect.
- .PP
- 5.6
- Code C2 means: change R and p to the next lower value. The
- effect of C2 is the inverse of code\ C1.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- R cannot become smaller than R0 and p cannot become smaller than 0. E.g.\
- if the current radius is R0 or the current p\ =\ 0, the code\ C2 has no
- effect.
- .PP
- 5.7
- Code C3 means: change R to the next higher value. The code C3 has no effect
- if the current radius\ =\ 8R0.
- .bp
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 5.8
- Code C4 means: change p to the next higher value. The code C4 has no effect
- if the current\ p\ =\ 3.
- .PP
- 5.9
- Code C5 means: change R to the next lower value. The code C5 has no effect
- if the current radius\ =\ R0.
- .PP
- 5.10
- Code C6 means: change p to the next lower value. The code C6 has no effect
- if the current\ p\ =\ 0.
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB6\fR \fBCoding formats\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 6.1
- The coding is specified in terms of 7\(hybit coding. For use in
- the 8\ bit environment as specified for transmission, bit\ No.\ b8 of each
- octet shall be set to\ ZERO.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 6.2
- For reference, an empty 7\(hybit code table is shown in
- Figure\ 4\(hy2/T.150.
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 40P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 4\(hy2/T.150, p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
-