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Text File | 1991-12-13 | 167.9 KB | 5,222 lines |
- .rs
- .\" Troff code generated by TPS Convert from ITU Original Files
- .\" Not Copyright ( c) 1991
- .\"
- .\" Assumes tbl, eqn, MS macros, and lots of luck.
- .TA 1c 2c 3c 4c 5c 6c 7c 8c
- .ds CH
- .ds CF
- .EQ
- delim @@
- .EN
- .nr LL 40.5P
- .nr ll 40.5P
- .nr HM 3P
- .nr FM 6P
- .nr PO 4P
- .nr PD 9p
- .po 4P
-
- .rs
- \v | 5i'
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fBRecommendation\ Q.704\fR
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fBSIGNALLING\ NETWORK\ FUNCTIONS\ AND\ MESSAGES\fR
- .EF '% Fascicle\ VI.7\ \(em\ Rec.\ Q.704''
- .OF '''Fascicle\ VI.7\ \(em\ Rec.\ Q.704 %'
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- National option.
- .FE
- .LP
- \fB1\fR \fBIntroduction\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 1.1
- \fIGeneral characteristics of the signalling network functions\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 1.1.1
- This Recommendation describes the functions and procedures for and relating
- to the transfer of messages between the signalling points, which are the
- nodes of the signalling network. Such functions and procedures are
- performed by the Message Transfer Part at level\ 3, and therefore they assume
- that the signalling points are connected by signalling links, incorporating
- the functions described in Recommendations\ Q.702 and\ Q.703. The signalling
- network functions must ensure a reliable transfer of the signalling messages,
- according to the requirements specified in Recommendation\ Q.706, even
- in the
- case of the failure of signalling links and signalling transfer points;
- therefore, they include the appropriate functions and procedures necessary
- both to inform the remote parts of the signalling network of the consequences
- of a fault, and to appropriately reconfigure the routing of messages through
- the
- signalling network.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 1.1.2
- According to these principles, the signalling network functions
- can be divided into two basic categories, namely:
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- \fIsignalling message handling\fR , and
- .LP
- \(em
- \fIsignalling network management\fR .
- .PP
- The signalling message handling functions are briefly summarized in \(sc\
- 1.2, the signalling network management functions in \(sc\ 1.3. The
- functional interrelations between these functions are indicated in
- Figure\ 1/Q.704.
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 1.2
- \fISignalling message handling\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 1.2.1
- The purpose of the signalling message handling functions is to
- ensure that the signalling messages originated by a particular User Part
- at a signalling point (originating point) are delivered to the same User
- Part at the destination point indicated by the sending User Part.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Depending on the particular circumstances, this delivery may be
- made through a signalling link directly interconnecting the originating and
- destination points, or via one or more intermediate signalling transfer
- points.
- .PP
- 1.2.2
- The signalling message handling functions are based on the
- label contained in the messages which explicitly identifies the destination
- and originating points.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The label part used for signalling message handling by the Message Transfer
- Part is called the \fIrouting label\fR ; its characteristics are described
- in\ \(sc\ 2.
- .PP
- 1.2.3
- As illustrated in Figure\ 1/Q.704, the signalling message
- handling functions are divided into:
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- the
- \fImessage routing\fR | unction
- , used at each
- signalling point to determine the outgoing signalling link on which a message
- has to be sent towards its destination point;
- .LP
- \(em
- the
- \fImessage discrimination\fR | unction
- , used at a
- signalling point to determine whether or not a received message is destined
- to the point itself. When the signalling point has the transfer capability
- and a message is not destined to it, that message has to be transferred
- to the
- message routing function;
- .LP
- \(em
- the
- \fImessage distribution\fR | unction
- , used at each
- signalling point to deliver the received messages (destined to the point
- itself) to the appropriate User Part.
- .PP
- The characteristics of the message routing, discrimination and
- distribution functions are described in\ \(sc\ 2.
- .bp
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 33P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 1/Q.704, (M), p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 1.3
- \fISignalling network management\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 1.3.1
- The purpose of the signalling network management functions is to provide
- reconfiguration of the signalling network in the case of failures and to
- control traffic in case of congestion. Such a reconfiguration is effected
- by use of appropriate procedures to change the routing of signalling traffic
- in
- order to bypass the faulty links or signalling points; this requires
- communication between signalling points (and, in particular, the signalling
- transfer points) concerning the occurrence of the failures. Moreover, in
- some circumstances it is necessary to activate and align new signalling
- links, in
- order to restore the required signalling traffic capacity between two
- signalling points. When the faulty link or signalling point is restored, the
- opposite actions and procedures take place, in order to reestablish the
- normal configuration of the signalling network.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 1.3.2
- As illustrated in Figure\ 1/Q.704, the signalling network
- management functions are divided into:
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- \fIsignalling traffic management\fR ,
- .LP
- \(em
- \fIsignalling link management\fR , and
- .LP
- \(em
- \fIsignalling route management\fR .
- .PP
- These functions are used whenever an event (such as the failure or restoration
- of a signalling link) occurs in the signalling network; the list of the
- possible events and the general criteria used in relation to each
- signalling network management function are specified in \(sc\ 3.
- .bp
- .PP
- 1.3.3
- \(sc\(sc 4 to 11 specify the procedures pertaining to signalling
- traffic management. In particular, the rules to be followed for the
- modification of signalling routing appear in \(sc\ 4. The diversion of
- traffic according to these rules is made, depending on the particular
- circumstances, by means of one of the following procedures: \fIchangeover\fR ,
- \fIchangeback\fR , \fIforced rerouting\fR , \fIcontrolled rerouting\fR
- and \fIsignalling point\fR \fIrestart\fR . They are specified in \(sc\(sc\
- 5 to\ 9 respectively. A signalling link may be made unavailable to User
- Part generated traffic by means of the management inhibiting procedure
- described in \(sc\ 10. Moreover, in the case of congestion at signalling
- points, the signalling traffic management may need to slow down
- signalling traffic on certain routes by using the \fIsignalling traffic
- flow\fR
- \fIcontrol\fR procedure specified in \(sc\ 11.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 1.3.4
- The different procedures pertaining to signalling link
- management are: \fIrestoration\fR , \fIactivation\fR and \fIinactivation\fR
- of a signalling link, \fIlink set activation\fR and \fIautomatic allocation\fR
- of signalling terminals and signalling data links. These procedures are
- specified in \(sc\ 12.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 1.3.5
- The different procedures pertaining to signalling route
- management are: the \fItransfer\(hyprohibited\fR , \fItransfer\(hyallowed\fR ,
- \fItransfer\(hyrestricted\fR , \fItransfer\(hycontrolled\fR ,
- \fIsignalling\(hyroute\(hyset\(hytest\fR and
- \fIsignalling\(hyroute \(hyset\(hycongestion\(hytest\fR procedures
- specified in \(sc\ 13.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 1.3.6
- The format characteristics, common to all message signal units
- which are relevant to the Message Transfer Part, level\ 3, are specified in
- \(sc\ 14.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 1.3.7
- Labelling, formatting and coding of the signalling network
- management messages are specified in \(sc\ 15.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 1.3.8
- The description of signalling network functions in the form of
- state transition diagrams according to the CCITT Specification and Description
- Language (SDL) is given in \(sc\ 16.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fB2\fR \fBSignalling message handling\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 2.1
- \fIGeneral\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 2.1.1
- Signalling message handling comprises message routing,
- discrimination and distribution functions which are performed at each
- signalling point in the signalling network.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Message routing is a function concerning the messages to be sent, while
- message distribution is a function concerning the received messages. The
- functional relations between message routing and distribution appear in
- Figure\ 2/Q.704.
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 13P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 2/Q.704, (M), p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .PP
- 2.1.2
- When a message comes from level\ 4 (or is originated at level\ 3,
- in the case of Message Transfer Part level 3\ messages), the choice of the
- particular signalling link on which it has to be sent is made by the message
- routing function. When two or more links are used at the same time to carry
- traffic having a given destination, this traffic is distributed among them
- by the load sharing function, which is a part of the message routing
- function.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 2.1.3
- When a message comes from level 2, the discrimination function
- is activated, in order to determine whether it is destined to another
- signalling point. When the signalling point has the transfer capability
- and the received message is not destined to it, the message has to be transmitted
- on an outgoing link according to the routing function.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 2.1.4
- In the case that the message is destined to the receiving
- signalling point, the message distribution function is activated in order to
- deliver it to the appropriate User Part (or to the local Message Transfer
- Part level\ 3 functions).
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 2.1.5
- Message routing, discrimination and distribution are based on
- the part of the label called the routing label, on the service indicator
- and, in national networks, also on the network indicator. They can also
- be
- influenced by different factors, such as a request (automatic or manual)
- obtained from a management system.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 2.1.6
- The position and coding of the service indicator and of the
- network indicator are described in \(sc\ 14.2. The characteristics of the
- label of the messages pertaining to the various User Parts are described
- in the
- specification of each separate User Part and in \(sc\ 15 for the signalling
- network management messages. The label used for signalling network management
- messages is also used for testing and maintenance messages (see
- Recommendation\ Q.707). Moreover, the general characteristics of the routing
- label are described in \(sc\ 2.2.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- A description of the detailed characteristics of the message
- routing function, including load sharing, appears in \(sc\ 2.3; principles
- concerning the number of load\(hyshared links appear in
- Recommendation\ Q.705.
- .PP
- A description of the detailed characteristics of the message
- discrimination and distribution functions appears in \(sc\ 2.4.
- .RT
- .PP
- 2.1.7
- In addition to the normal signalling message handling
- procedures it may, as an option, be possible to prevent the unauthorized
- use of the message transfer capability of a node. The procedures to be
- used are
- implementation\(hydependent and further information is given in
- Recommendation\ Q.705, \(sc\ 8.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 2.2
- \fIRouting label\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 2.2.1
- The label contained in a signalling message, and used by the
- relevant User Part to identify the particular task to which the message
- refers (e.g.\ a telephone circuit), is also used by the Message Transfer
- Part to route the message towards its destination point.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The part of the message label that is used for routing is called the \fIrouting
- label\fR | nd it contains the information necessary to deliver
- the message to its destination point.
- .PP
- Normally the routing label is common to all the services and
- applications in a given signalling network, national or international
- (however, if this is not the case, the particular routing label of a message
- is determined by means of the service indicator).
- .PP
- The standard routing label is specified in the following. This label should
- be used in the international signalling network and is applicable also
- in national applications.
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ There may be applications using a modified label having
- the same order and function, but possibly different sizes, of sub\(hyfields
- as the
- standard routing label.
- .RT
- .PP
- 2.2.2
- The standard routing label has a length of 32\ bits and is
- placed at the beginning of the Signalling Information Field. Its structure
- appears in Figure\ 3/Q.704.
- .bp
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 15P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 3/Q.704, (M), p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .PP
- 2.2.3
- The
- \fIdestination point code\fR | DPC)
- indicates the
- destination point of the message. The
- \fIoriginating point code\fR (OPC)
- indicates the originating point of the message. The coding of these codes is
- pure binary. Within each field, the least significant bit occupies the first
- position and is transmitted first.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- A unique numbering scheme for the coding of the fields will be
- used for the signalling points of the international network, irrespective of
- the User Parts connected to each signalling point.
- .PP
- 2.2.4
- The
- \fIsignalling link selection\fR | SLS)
- field is used,
- where appropriate, in performing load sharing (see \(sc\ 2.3). This field
- exists
- in all types of messages and always in the same position. The only exception
- to this rule is some Message Transfer Part level\ 3 messages (e.g.,\ the
- changeover order), for which the message routing function in the signalling
- point of
- origin of the message is not dependent on the field: in this particular case
- the field does not exist as such, but it is replaced by other information
- (e.g.,\ in the case of the changeover order, the identity of the faulty
- link).
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- In the case of circuit related messages of the TUP, the field
- contains the least significant bits of the circuit identification code (or
- bearer identification code, in the case of the Data User Part), and these
- bits are not repeated elsewhere. In the case of all other User Parts, the
- SLS is an independent field in accordance with the criteria stated in \(sc\
- 2.2.5.
- .PP
- In the case of Message Transfer Part level 3 messages, the signalling link
- selection field exactly corresponds to the \fIsignalling link code\fR (SLC)
- which indicates the signalling link between the destination point and
- originating point to which the message refers.
- .RT
- .PP
- 2.2.5
- From the rule stated in \(sc 2.2.4 above, it follows that the
- signalling link selection of messages generated by any User Parts will
- be used in the load sharing mechanism. As a consequence, in the case of
- User Parts
- which are not specified (e.g.,\ transfer of charging information) but for
- which there is the requirement to maintain the order of transmission of
- the messages, the field should be coded with the same value for all messages
- belonging to the same transaction, sent in a given direction.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 2.2.6
- The above principles should also apply to modified label
- structures that may be used nationally.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 2.3
- \fIMessage routing function\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 2.3.1
- The message routing function is based on information
- contained in the routing label, namely on the destination point code and
- on the signalling link selection field; moreover, in some circumstances
- the service indicator may also need to be used for routing purposes.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ A possible case for the use of the service indicator
- is that which would arise from the use of messages supporting the signalling
- route management function (i.e.\ transfer\(hyprohibited, transfer\(hyallowed
- and
- signalling\(hyroute\(hyset\(hymessages) referring to a destination more
- restrictive than a single signalling point (e.g.,\ an individual User Part)
- (see \(sc\ 13).
- Some specific routing may be required for the MTP Testing User Part (for
- further study).
- .bp
- .PP
- The number of such cases should be kept to a minimum in order to apply
- the same routing criteria to as many User Parts as possible.
- .PP
- Each signalling point will have routing information that allows it to determine
- the signalling link over which a message has to be sent on the basis of
- the destination point code and signalling link selection field and, in
- some cases, of the network indicator (see \(sc\ 2.4.3). Typically the destination
- point code is associated with more than one signalling link that may be
- used to carry the message; the selection of the particular signalling link
- is made by means of the signalling link selection field, thus effecting
- load
- sharing.
- .RT
- .PP
- 2.3.2
- Two basic cases of load sharing are defined, namely:
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- a)
- load sharing between links belonging to the same link
- set,
- .LP
- b)
- load sharing between links not belonging to the same link
- set.
- .PP
- A load sharing collection of one or more link sets is called a
- combined link set.
- .PP
- The capability to operate in load sharing according to both these
- cases is mandatory for any signalling point in the international network.
- .PP
- In case a), the traffic flow carried by a link set is shared (on the basis
- of the signalling link selection field) between different signalling
- links belonging to the link set. An example of such a case is given by
- a link set directly interconnecting the originating and destination points
- in the
- associated mode of operation, such as represented in Figure\ 4/Q.704.
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 7P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 4/Q.704, (M), p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .PP
- In case b) traffic relating to a given destination is shared (on the basis
- of the signalling link selection field) between different signalling links
- not belonging to the same link set, such as represented in
- Figure\ 5/Q.704. The load sharing rule used for a particular signalling
- relation may or may not apply to all the signalling relations which use
- one of the signalling links involved (in the example, traffic destined
- to B is shared between signalling links\ DE and DF with a given signalling
- link selection field assignment, while that destined to C is sent only
- on link\ DF, due to the
- failure of link\ EC).
- .PP
- As a result of the message routing function, in normal conditions all the
- messages having the same routing label (e.g.,\ call set\(hyup messages
- related to a given circuit) are routed via the same signalling links and
- signalling
- transfer points.
- .PP
- Principles relating to the number of load\(hyshared links appear in
- Recommendation\ Q.705.
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 12P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 5/Q.704, (M), p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .PP
- 2.3.3
- The routing information mentioned in \(sc\ 2.3.1 should be
- appropriately updated when some event happens in the signalling network,
- which is relevant to the concerned signalling point (e.g.,\ failure of
- a signalling
- link or unavailability of a signalling route). The updating of the routing
- information is made according to the particular event (see \(sc\ 3) and to
- the signalling routing modification rules specified in \(sc\ 4. If a signalling
- transfer point receives a message for destination point code which according
- to the routing information does not exist, the message is discarded and
- an
- indication is given to a management system.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 2.3.4
- \fIHandling of level 3 messages\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.3.4.1\ \ Messages not related to a signalling link have the signalling
- link code\ 0000 (e.g.,\ transfer prohibited and transfer allowed). They are
- handled in accordance with the normal routing function, where the signalling
- link code (SLC) is used in the same way as SLS for load sharing.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.3.4.2\ \ Messages related to a signalling link should be subdivided into
- 2\ groups:
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- a)
- Messages that are to be transmitted over a specific
- signalling link (e.g., changeback declaration (see \(sc\ 6) and signalling link
- test messages (Recommendation Q.707)), where a special routing function must
- ensure that these messages are transmitted exclusively over a particular
- signalling link.
- .LP
- b)
- Messages that must not be transmitted over a specific
- signalling link (e.g., changeover messages and emergency changeover messages
- (see \(sc\ 5)), whose transmission over the signalling link defined by the SLC
- contained in the label must be avoided.
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 2.3.5
- \fIHandling of messages under signalling link congestion\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.3.5.1\ \ In the international signalling network, congestion priorities
- of messages are only assigned and the decision to discard under congestion
- is only made within each User Part. Message discard will only occur in
- the MTP
- should there be an extreme resource limitation (for the MTP there is no
- congestion priority).
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- In national signalling networks, each message may be assigned by its generating
- User Part a congestion priority. This is used by the MTP to
- determine whether or not a message should be discarded under signalling link
- congestion. \fIN\fR \ +\ 1 levels of congestion priority (0\ \(=\ \fIN\fR
- \ \(=\ 3) levels are
- accommodated in the signalling network, with 0 being the lowest and \fIN\fR the
- highest.
- .PP
- In national signalling networks using more than one congestion
- priority, the highest priority is assigned to signalling network management
- messages.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.3.5.2
- \fIIn national signalling networks using multiple congestion\fR
- \fIpriorities\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- When a signalling link has been selected for transmitting a
- message, comparison of the congestion priority of the message is made with
- the congestion status of the selected signalling link (see \(sc\ 3.8). If the
- congestion priority is not less than the signalling link congestion status,
- that message is transmitted using the selected signalling link.
- .PP
- Otherwise, a transfer\(hycontrolled message is sent in response as
- specified in \(sc\ 13.7. In this case, the disposition of the concerned message
- is determined according to the following criteria:
- .RT
- .LP
- i)
- If the congestion priority of the message is greater than or equal to
- the signalling link discard status, the message is transmitted.
- .LP
- ii)
- If the congestion priority of the message is less than the
- signalling link discard status, the message is discarded.
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 2.4
- \fIMessage discrimination and distribution functions\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 2.4.1
- The routing criteria and load sharing method described in
- \(sc\ 2.3 imply that a signalling point, sending messages pertaining to
- a given signalling transaction on a given link, should be able to receive
- and process messages pertaining to that transaction, e.g.,\ in response
- to the sent ones, coming from any (but only one) link.
- .bp
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The destination point code field of the received message is
- examined by the discrimination function in order to determine whether or not
- it is destined to the receiving signalling point. When the receiving
- signalling point has the transfer capability and the message is not destined
- to it, that message has to be directed to the routing function, as described
- in
- the previous sections, in order to be sent on the appropriate outgoing link
- towards the message destination point.
- .PP
- When a signalling transfer point detects that a received message
- cannot be delivered to its destination point, it sends in response a
- transfer\(hyprohibited message as specified in \(sc\ 13.2.
- .RT
- .PP
- 2.4.2
- If the destination point code of the message identifies the
- receiving signalling point, the service indicator is examined by the message
- distribution function and the message is delivered to the corresponding User
- Part (or to the Message Transfer Part level\ 3).
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Should a User become unavailable (User unavailability is an
- implementation dependent notion), this is detected by
- the MTP. Whether the distribution marked accordingly is implementation
- dependent.
- .PP
- When the distribution function detects that a received message cannot be
- delivered to the required User (implementation dependent criteria), a User
- Part Unavailable message should be returned to the originating end on a
- response basis. In the originating signalling point, the relevant User Part
- should be informed via an MTP\(hySTATUS primitive. A mandatory parameter Cause
- is included in the MTP status indication with two possible
- values:
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- Signalling Network Congestion,
- .LP
- \(em
- User Part Unavailability.
- .PP
- The User Part should reduce its traffic in an appropriate manner and take
- specific actions.
- .PP
- 2.4.3\fR In the case of a signalling point handling both international
- and national signalling traffic (e.g.,\ an international gateway exchange),
- the network indicator is also examined in order to determine the relevant
- numbering scheme (international or national) and possibly the label structure.
- Moreover, within a national network, the network indicator may be examined
- to discriminate between different label structures or between different
- signalling point numbering if dependent on the network levels (see \(sc\
- 14.2).
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fB3\fR \fBSignalling network management\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 3.1
- \fIGeneral\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 3.1.1
- The signalling network management functions provide the actions and procedures
- required to maintain signalling service, and to restore normal signalling
- conditions in the event of disruption in the signalling network,
- either in signalling links or at signalling points. The disruption may be
- in the form of complete loss of a signalling link or a signalling point,
- or in reduced accessibility due to congestion. For example, in the case
- of a link
- failure, the traffic conveyed over the faulty link should be diverted to
- one or more alternative links. The link failure may also result in unavailable
- signalling routes and this, in turn, may cause diversion of traffic at other
- signalling points in the signalling network (i.e.,\ signalling points to
- which no faulty links are connected).
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 3.1.2
- The occurrence of, or recovery from failures or congestion
- generally results in a change of the status of the affected signalling
- link(s) and route(s). A signalling link may be considered by level\ 3,
- either as
- \*Qavailable\*U or \*Qunavailable\*U to carry signalling traffic; in particular,
- an
- available signalling link becomes unavailable if it is recognized as \*Qfailed\*U,
- \*Qdeactivated\*U \*Qblocked
- .FS
- The \*Qblocked\*U condition arises when the
- unavailability of a signalling link does not depend on a failure in the link
- itself, but on other causes, such as a \*Qprocessor outage\*U condition in a
- signalling point.
- .FE
- \*U or \*Qinhibited\*U, and it becomes once again available if it is recognized
- as \*Qrestored\*U, \*Qactivated\*U, \*Qunblocked\*U or \*Quninhibited\*U
- respectively. A signalling route may be considered by level\ 3 as \*Qavailable\*U,
- \*Qrestricted\*U or \*Qunavailable\*U too. A signalling point may be \*Qavailable\*U
- or
- \*Qunavailable\*U. A signalling route set may be \*Qcongested\*U or \*Quncongested\*U.
- The detailed criteria for the determination of the changes in the status
- of
- signalling links, routes and points are described in \(sc\(sc\ 3.2, 3.4
- and\ 3.6
- respectively.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- .sp 1
- .bp
- .PP
- 3.1.3
- Whenever a change in the status of a signalling link, route or
- point occurs, the three different signalling network management functions
- (i.e.,\ signalling traffic management, link management and route management)
- are activated, when appropriate, as follows:
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- a)
- The signalling traffic management function is used to divert signalling
- traffic from a link or route to one or more different links or
- routes, to restart a signalling point, or to temporarily slow down signalling
- traffic in the case of congestion at a signalling point; it comprises the
- following procedures:
- .LP
- \(em
- changeover (see \(sc\ 5),
- .LP
- \(em
- changeback (see \(sc\ 6),
- .LP
- \(em
- forced rerouting (see \(sc\ 7),
- .LP
- \(em
- controlled rerouting (see \(sc\ 8),
- .LP
- \(em
- signalling point restart (see \(sc\ 9),
- .LP
- \(em
- management inhibiting (see \(sc\ 10),
- .LP
- \(em
- signalling traffic flow control (see \(sc\ 11).
- .LP
- b)
- The signalling link management function is used to restore failed signalling
- links, to activate idle (not yet aligned) links and to
- deactivate aligned signalling links; it comprises the following procedures
- (see\ \(sc\ 12):
- .LP
- \(em
- signalling link activation, restoration and
- deactivation,
- .LP
- \(em
- link set activation,
- .LP
- \(em
- automatic allocation of signalling terminals and
- signalling data links.
- .LP
- c)
- The signalling route management function is used to
- distribute information about the signalling network status, in
- order to block or unblock signalling routes; it comprises the
- following procedures:
- .LP
- \(em
- transfer\(hycontrolled procedure (see \(sc\(sc\ 13.6, 13.7
- and 13.8),
- .LP
- \(em
- transfer\(hyprohibited procedure (see \(sc\ 13.2),
- .LP
- \(em
- transfer\(hyallowed procedure (see \(sc\ 13.3),
- .LP
- \(em
- transfer\(hyrestricted procedure (see \(sc\ 13.4),
- .LP
- \(em
- signalling\(hyroute\(hyset\(hytest procedure (see \(sc\ 13.5),
- .LP
- \(em
- signalling\(hyroute\(hyset\(hycongestion test procedure (see
- \(sc\ 13.9).
- .PP
- 3.1.4
- An overview of the use of the procedures relating to the
- different management functions on occurrence of the link, route and point
- status changes is given in \(sc\(sc\ 3.3, 3.5 and\ 3.7 respectively.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 3.2
- \fIStatus of signalling links\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 3.2.1
- A signalling link is always considered by level\ 3 in one of two possible
- major states: available and unavailable. Depending on the cause of
- unavailability, the unavailable state can be subdivided into seven possible
- cases as follows (see also Figure\ 6/Q.704):
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- unavailable, failed or inactive,
- .LP
- \(em
- unavailable, blocked,
- .LP
- \(em
- unavailable (failed or inactive) and blocked,
- .LP
- \(em
- unavailable, inhibited,
- .LP
- \(em
- unavailable, inhibited and (failed or inactive),
- .LP
- \(em
- unavailable, inhibited and blocked,
- .LP
- \(em
- unavailable, (failed or inactive), blocked and
- inhibited.
- .PP
- The concerned link can be used to carry signalling traffic only if it is
- available except possibly for certain classes of test and management
- messages. Eight possible events can change the status of a link: signalling
- link failure, restoration, deactivation, activation, blocking, unblocking,
- inhibiting and uninhibiting; they are described in \(sc\(sc\ 3.2.2 to\ 3.2.9.
- .bp
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.2.2
- \fISignalling link failure\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- A signalling link (in service or blocked, see \(sc\ 3.2.6) is
- recognized by level\ 3 as failed when:
- .RT
- .LP
- a)
- A link failure indication is obtained from level\ 2. The
- indication may be caused by:
- .LP
- \(em
- intolerably high signal unit error rate (see
- Recommendation\ Q.703, \(sc\ 10);
- .LP
- \(em
- excessive length of the realignment period (see
- Recommendation\ Q.703, \(sc\(sc\ 4.1 and\ 7);
- .LP
- \(em
- excessive delay of acknowledgements (see
- Recommendation\ Q.703, \(sc\(sc\ 5.3 and\ 6.3);
- .LP
- \(em
- failure of signalling terminal equipment;
- .LP
- \(em
- two out of three unreasonable backward sequence numbers or forward indicator
- bits (see Recommendation\ Q.703, \(sc\(sc\ 5.3 and\ 6.3);
- .LP
- \(em
- reception of consecutive link status signal units
- indicating out of alignment, out of service, normal or emergency terminal
- status (see Recommendation\ Q.703, \(sc\ 1.7);
- .LP
- \(em
- excessive periods of level 2 congestion (see
- Recommendation\ Q.703, \(sc\ 9).
- .LP
- The first two conditions are detected by the \fIsignal unit\fR \fIerror
- rate monitor\fR (see Recommendation\ Q.703, \(sc\ 10).
- .LP
- b)
- A request (automatic or manual) is obtained from a
- management or maintenance system.
- .PP
- Moreover a signalling link which is available (not blocked) is
- recognized by level\ 3 as failed when a changeover order is received.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.2.3
- \fISignalling link restoration\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- A signalling link previously failed is restored when both ends of the signalling
- link have successfully completed an initial alignment procedure (see Recommendation\
- Q.703, \(sc\ 7).
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.2.4
- \fISignalling link deactivation\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- A signalling link (in service, failed or blocked) is recognized by level\
- 3 as deactivated (i.e.,\ removed from operation) when:
- .RT
- .LP
- a)
- a request is obtained from the signalling link management
- function (see \(sc\ 12);
- .LP
- b)
- a request (automatic or manual) is obtained from an external management
- or maintenance system.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.2.5
- \fISignalling link activation\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- A signalling link previously inactive is recognized by level\ 3 as activated
- when both ends of the signalling link have successfully completed an initial
- alignment procedure (see Recommendation\ Q.703, \(sc\ 7).
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.2.6
- \fISignalling link blocking\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- A signalling link (in service, failed or inactive) is recognized as blocked
- when an indication is obtained from the signalling terminal that a
- processor outage condition exists at the remote terminal (i.e.,\ link status
- signal units with processor outage indication are received, see
- Recommendation\ Q.703, \(sc\ 8).
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ A link becomes unavailable when it is failed or
- deactivated or [(failed or deactivated) and blocked] or inhibited. See
- Figure\ 6/Q.704.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.2.7
- \fISignalling link unblocking\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- A signalling link previously blocked is unblocked when an
- indication is obtained from the signalling terminal that the processor
- outage condition has ceased at the remote terminal. (Applies in the case
- when the
- processor outage condition was initiated by the remote terminal.)
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ A link becomes available when it is restored or activated
- or unblocked, or [(restored or activated) and (unblocked)] or uninhibited.
- See Figure\ 6/Q.704.
- .bp
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 47P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 6/Q.704 (feuillet 1 sur 4), (MC), p.6\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 24P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 6/Q.704 (feuillet 2 sur 4), (MC), p.7\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 25P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 6/Q.704 (feuillet 3 sur 4), (MC), p.8\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 32P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 6/Q.704 (feuillet 4 sur 4), (MC), p.9\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.2.8
- \fISignalling link inhibiting\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- A signalling link is recognized as inhibited when:
- .RT
- .LP
- a)
- an acknowledgement is received from a remote signalling
- point in response to an inhibit request sent to the remote end by the local
- signalling link management. Level\ 3 has marked the link locally inhibited;
- .LP
- b)
- upon receipt of a request from a remote signalling point to inhibit a
- link and successful determination that no destination will become
- inaccessible by inhibiting the link, the link has been marked remotely
- inhibited by level\ 3.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.2.9
- \fISignalling link uninhibiting\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- A signalling link previously inhibited is uninhibited
- when:
- .RT
- .LP
- a)
- a request is received to uninhibit the link from a remote end or from
- a local routing function;
- .LP
- b)
- an acknowledgement is received from a remote signalling point in response
- to an uninhibit request sent to the remote end by the local
- signalling link management.
- .bp
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.3
- \fIProcedures used in connection with\fR
- \fIlink status changes\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- In \(sc 3.3, the procedures relating to each signalling management
- function, which are applied in connection with link status changes, are
- listed. See also Figures\ 6/Q.704, 7/Q.704 and\ 8/Q.704. Typical examples
- of the
- application of the procedures to the particular network cases appear in
- Recommendation\ Q.705.
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 48P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 7/Q.704, (M), p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 47P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 8/Q.704, (N), p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 3.3.1
- \fISignalling link failed\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.3.1.1\ \ Signalling traffic management: the changeover procedure (see
- \(sc\ 5) is applied, if required, to divert signalling traffic from the
- unavailable link to one or more alternative links with the objective of
- avoiding message loss, repetition or mis\(hysequencing; it includes determination
- of the alternative link or links where the affected traffic can be transferred
- and procedures to retrieve messages sent over the failed link but not received
- by the far end.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.3.1.2\ \ Signalling link management: the procedures described in
- \(sc\ 12 are used to restore a signalling link and to make it available for
- signalling. Moreover, depending on the link set status, the procedures
- can also be used to activate another signalling link in the same link set
- to which the unavailable link belongs and to make it available for signalling.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.3.1.3\ \ Signalling route management: in the case when the failure
- of a signalling link causes a signalling route set to become unavailable or
- restricted
- , the signalling transfer point which can no longer route
- the concerned signalling traffic applies the transfer\(hyprohibited procedures
- or transfer\(hyrestricted
- procedures described in \(sc\ 13.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 3.3.2
- \fISignalling link restored\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.3.2.1\ \ Signalling traffic management: the changeback procedure
- (see \(sc\ 6) is applied, if required, to divert signalling traffic from one
- or more links to a link which has become available; it includes determination
- of the traffic to be diverted and procedures for maintaining the correct
- message sequence.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.3.2.2\ \ Signalling link management: the signalling link
- deactivation procedure (see \(sc\ 12) is used if, during the signalling link
- failure, another signalling link of the same link set was activated; it
- is used to assure that the link set status is returned to the same state
- as before the failure. This requires that the active link activated during
- the link failure is deactivated and considered no longer available for
- signalling.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.3.2.3\ \ Signalling route management: in the case when the
- restoration of a signalling link causes a signalling route set to become
- available, the signalling transfer point which can once again route the
- concerned signalling traffic applies the transfer\(hyallowed procedures
- described in \(sc\ 13.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 3.3.3
- \fISignalling link deactivated\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.3.3.1\ \ Signalling traffic management: as specified in \(sc\ 3.3.1.1.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ The signalling traffic has normally already been removed
- when signalling link deactivation is initiated.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.3.3.2\ \ Signalling link management: if the number of active
- signalling links in the link set to which the deactivated signalling link
- belongs has become less than the normal number of active signalling links in
- that link set, the procedures described in \(sc\ 12 may be used to activate
- another signalling link in the link set.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.3.3.3\ \ Signalling route management: as specified in \(sc\ 3.3.1.3.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 3.3.4
- \fISignalling link activated\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.3.4.1\ \ Signalling traffic management: as specified in \(sc\ 3.3.2.1.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.3.4.2\ \ Signalling link management: if the number of active
- signalling links in the link set to which the activated signalling link
- belongs has become greater than the normal number of active signalling
- links in that
- link set, the procedures described in \(sc\ 12 may be used to deactivate
- another signalling link in the link set.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.3.4.3\ \ Signalling route management: as specified in \(sc\ 3.3.2.3.
- .bp
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 3.3.5
- \fISignalling link blocked\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.3.5.1\ \ Signalling traffic management: as specified in \(sc 3.3.1.1.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- As a national option, local processor outage may also be applied to the
- affected signalling link before commencement of the appropriate signalling
- traffic management option. On completion of that signalling traffic management
- action, local processor outage is removed from the affected signalling
- link. No further signalling traffic management will be performed on that
- affected
- signalling link until a timer T24 (see \(sc\ 16.8) has expired or been
- cancelled, thus allowing time for indications from the remote end to stabilize
- as it
- carries out any signalling traffic management of its own.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.3.5.2\ \ Signalling route management: if the blocking of the link
- causes a signalling route set to become unavailable or restricted
- ,
- the signalling transfer point which can no longer route the concerned
- signalling traffic applies the transfer\(hyprohibited or transfer\(hyrestricted
- procedures described in \(sc\ 13.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 3.3.6
- \fISignalling link unblocked\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.3.6.1\ \ Signalling traffic management: the actions will be the
- same as in \(sc\ 3.3.2.1.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.3.6.2\ \ Signalling route management: if the link unblocked
- causes a signalling route set to become available, the signalling transfer
- point which can once again route the signalling traffic in that route set
- applies the transfer\(hyallowed procedures described in \(sc\ 13.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 3.3.7
- \fISignalling link inhibited\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 3.3.7.1
- Signalling traffic management: as specified in \(sc\ 3.3.1.1.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.3.7.2\ \ Signalling link management: as specified in \(sc\ 3.3.3.2.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 3.3.8
- \fISignalling link uninhibited\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.3.8.1\ \ Signalling traffic management: as specified in \(sc\ 3.3.2.1.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.3.8.2\ \ Signalling link management: as specified in \(sc\ 3.3.4.2.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.3.8.3\ \ Signalling route management: if the link uninhibited causes a
- signalling route set to become available, the signalling transfer point
- which can once again route the signalling traffic in that route set applies
- the
- transfer\(hyallowed procedures described in \(sc\ 13.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.4
- \fIStatus of signalling routes\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- A signalling route can be in three states for signalling traffic
- having the concerned destination; these are available, restricted
- ,
- unavailable (see also Figure\ 6/Q.704).
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.4.1
- \fISignalling route unavailability\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- A signalling route becomes unavailable when a transfer\(hyprohibited message,
- indicating that signalling traffic towards a particular destination
- cannot be transferred via the signalling transfer point sending the concerned
- message, is received (see \(sc\ 13).
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.4.2
- \fISignalling route availability\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- A signalling route becomes available when a transfer\(hyallowed
- message, indicating that signalling traffic towards a particular destination
- can be transferred via the signalling transfer point sending the concerned
- message, is received (see \(sc\ 13).
- .RT
- .LP
- .sp 1
- .bp
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.4.3
- \fISignalling route restricted\fR |
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- A signalling route becomes restricted when a transfer\(hyrestricted
- message, indicating that the signalling traffic towards a particular
- destination is being transferred with some difficulty via the signalling
- transfer point sending the concerned message is received (see \(sc\ 13).
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.5
- \fIProcedures used in connection with\fR
- \fIroute status changes\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- In \(sc 3.5 the procedures relating to each signalling management
- function, which in general are applied in connection with route status
- changes, are listed. See also Figures\ 6/Q.704 and 8/Q.704. Typical examples
- of the
- application of the procedures to particular network cases appear in
- Recommendation\ Q.705.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 3.5.1
- \fISignalling route unavailable\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.5.1.1\ \ Signalling traffic management: the forced rerouting procedure
- (see \(sc\ 7) is applied; it is used to transfer signalling traffic to the
- concerned destination from the link set, belonging to the unavailable route,
- to an alternative link set which terminates in another signalling transfer
- point. It includes actions to determine the alternative route.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.5.1.2\ \ Signalling route management: because of the unavailability
- of the signalling route, the network is reconfigured; in the case that a
- signalling transfer point can no longer route the concerned signalling
- traffic, it applies the procedures described in \(sc\ 13.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 3.5.2
- \fISignalling route available\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.5.2.1\ \ Signalling traffic management: the controlled rerouting
- procedure (see \(sc\ 8) is applied; it is used to transfer signalling traffic
- to the concerned destination from a signalling link or link set belonging to
- an available route, to another link set which terminates in another signalling
- transfer point. It includes the determination of which traffic should be
- diverted and procedures for maintaining the correct message sequence.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.5.2.2\ \ Signalling route management: because of the restored
- availability of the signalling route, the network is reconfigured; in the
- case that a signalling transfer point can once again route the concerned
- signalling traffic, it applies the procedures described in \(sc\ 13.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 3.5.3
- \fISignalling route restricted\fR |
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.5.3.1\ \ Signalling traffic management: the controlled rerouting
- procedure (see \(sc\ 8) is applied; it is used to transfer signalling traffic
- to
- the concerned destination from the link set belonging to the restricted
- route, to an alternative link set if one is available to give more, if
- possible,
- efficient routing. It includes actions to determine the alternative
- route.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.5.3.2\ \ Signalling route management: because of restricted availability
- of the signalling route, the network routing is, if possible, reconfigured;
- procedures described in \(sc\ 13 are used to advise adjacent signalling
- points.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.6
- \fIStatus of signalling points\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- A signalling point can be in two states; available or unavailable (see
- Figure\ 6/Q.704). However, implementation dependent congestion states may
- exist.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 3.6.1
- \fISignalling point unavailability\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.6.1.1\ \ Unavailability of a signalling point itself: A signalling point
- becomes unavailable when all connected signalling links are unavailable.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- .sp 1
- .bp
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.6.1.2\ \ Unavailability of an adjacent signalling point: A signalling
- point considers that an adjacent signalling point becomes unavailable
- when:
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- all signalling links connected to the adjacent signalling
- point are unavailable and
- .LP
- \(em
- the adjacent signalling point is inaccessible.
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 3.6.2
- \fISignalling point availability\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.6.2.1\ \ Availability of a signalling point itself: A signalling point
- becomes available when at least one signalling link connected to this
- signalling point becomes available.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.6.2.2\ \ Availability of an adjacent signalling point: A signalling point
- considers that an adjacent signalling point becomes available when:
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- at least one signalling link connected to the adjacent
- signalling point becomes available and that signalling point has restarted,
- or
- .LP
- \(em
- the adjacent signalling point becomes accessible on the
- reception of a transfer allowed message or a transfer restricted
- message (see \(sc\ 13.4).
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 3.7
- \fIProcedure used in connection with point status changes\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.7.1
- \fISignalling point unavailable\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- There is no specific procedure used when a signalling point becomes unavailable.
- The transfer prohibited procedure is used to update the status of the recovered
- routes in all nodes of the signalling network (see \(sc\ 13.2).
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 3.7.2
- \fISignalling point available\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.7.2.1\ \ Signalling traffic management: the signalling point restart
- procedure (see \(sc\ 9) is applied; it is used to restart the traffic between
- the signalling network and the signalling point which becomes available.
- This
- restart is based on the following criteria:
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- avoid loss of messages
- .LP
- \(em
- limit the level 3 load due to the restart of a signalling
- point
- .LP
- \(em
- restart, as much as possible, simultaneously in both
- directions of the signalling relations.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.7.2.2\ \ Signalling link management: The first step of the signalling
- point restart procedure attempts to restore the signalling links of the
- point which becomes available; the signalling link restoration procedure
- is used (see
- \(sc\ 12);
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.7.2.3\ \ Signalling route management: The second step of the signalling
- point restart procedure consists of updating the signalling route states
- before carrying traffic to the point which becomes available and in all
- adjacent
- points; the transfer prohibited and transfer restricted
- procedures are
- used (see \(sc\ 13).
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 3.7.3
- Signalling point congested: (implementation\(hydependent option,
- see \(sc\ 11.2.6).
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 3.8
- \fISignalling network congestion\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.8.1
- \fIGeneral\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- In \(sc\ 3.8, criteria for the determination of signalling link
- congestion status and signalling route set congestion status are specified.
- The procedures relating to each signalling network management function,
- which
- in general are applied in connection with congestion status changes, are
- listed.
- .RT
- .LP
- .sp 1
- .bp
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 3.8.2
- \fICongestion status of signalling links\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.8.2.1\ \ When predetermined levels of MSU fill in the transmission or
- retransmission buffer are crossed, an indication is given to level\ 3 advising
- of congestion/congestion abatement. The location and setting of the congestion
- thresholds are considered to be implementation\(hydependent.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ The criterion for setting the congestion thresholds is
- based on: (1) the proportion of the total (transmit and retransmit) buffer
- capacity that is occupied, and/or (2) the total number of messages in the
- transmit and retransmit buffers. (The buffer capacity below the threshold
- should
- be sufficient to overcome load peaks due to signalling network management
- functions and the remaining buffer capacity should allow User Parts time to
- react to congestion indications before message discard occurs.) The monitoring
- may be performed in different ways depending on the relative sizes of the
- transmit and retransmit buffers. In the case of a relatively small retransmit
- buffer, monitoring of the transmit buffer may be sufficient. In the case
- of a relatively large retransmit buffer, both the transmit buffer and retransmit
- buffer occupancies may need to be monitored.
- .LP
- a)
- In the international signalling network, one congestion onset and one
- congestion abatement threshold are provided. The congestion abatement threshold
- should be placed lower than the congestion onset threshold in order to
- provide hysteresis during the process of recovering from congestion.
- .LP
- b)
- In national signalling networks, with multiple congestion
- thresholds, \fIN\fR (1\ \(=\ \fIN\fR \ \(=\ 3) separate thresholds are
- provided for detecting
- the onset of congestion. They are called congestion onset thresholds and
- are numbered 1,\ . | | ,\ \fIN\fR , respectively. \fIN\fR separate thresholds
- are provided for monitoring the abatement of congestion. They are called
- congestion abatement
- thresholds and are numbered 1,\ . | | , \fIN\fR , respectively.
- .LP
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.8.2.2\ \ In national signalling networks with multiple congestion
- thresholds \fIN\fR separate thresholds are provided for determining
- whether, under congestion conditions, a message should be discarded or
- transmitted using the signalling link. They are called congestion discard
- thresholds and are numbered 1,\ . | | ,\ \fIN\fR , respectively.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Congestion discard threshold \fIn\fR (\fIn\fR \ =\ 1,\ . | | ,\ \fIN\fR
- ) is placed higher than congestion onset threshold \fIn\fR in order to
- minimize
- message loss under congestion conditions.
- .PP
- Congestion discard threshold \fIn\fR (\fIn\fR \ =\ 1,\ . | | ,\ \fIN\fR
- \ \(em\ 1) should be placed at or lower than congestion onset threshold
- \fIn\fR \ +\ 1 in order to
- make congestion control effective.
- .PP
- When the current buffer occupancy does not exceed congestion discard threshold
- 1, the current signalling link discard status is assigned the zero
- value.
- .PP
- Each congestion abatement threshold should be placed lower than the
- corresponding congestion onset threshold in order to provide hysteresis
- during the process of recovering from congestion.
- .PP
- In national signalling networks with \fIN\fR > 1, the congestion abatement
- threshold \fIn\fR (\fIn\fR \ =\ 2,\ . | | ,\ \fIN\fR ) should be placed
- higher than
- the congestion onset threshold \fIn\fR \ \(em\ 1 so as to allow for a precise
- determination of signalling link congestion status.
- .PP
- Congestion abatement threshold 1 should be placed higher than the
- normally engineered buffer occupancy of a signalling link.
- .PP
- Under normal operation, when the signalling link is uncongested, the signalling
- link congestion status is assigned the zero value.
- .PP
- At the onset of congestion, when the buffer occupancy is increasing, the
- signalling link congestion status is determined by the highest congestion
- onset threshold exceeded by the buffer occupancy. That is, if congestion
- onset
- threshold \fIn\fR (\fIn\fR \ =\ 1,\ . | | ,\ \fIN\fR ) is the highest
- congestion
- onset threshold exceeded by the current buffer occupancy, the current
- signalling link congestion status is assigned the value \fIn\fR (see
- Figure\ 8a/Q.704).
- .bp
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 17P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 8a/Q.704, (M), p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .PP
- At the abatement of congestion, when the buffer occupancy is
- decreasing, the signalling link congestion status is determined by the
- lowest congestion abatement threshold below which the buffer occupancy
- has dropped.
- That is, if congestion abatement threshold \fIn\fR (\fIn\fR \ =\ 1,\ . | | ,\
- \fIN\fR ) is the lowest congestion abatement threshold below which the
- current buffer
- occupancy has dropped, the current signalling link congestion status is
- assigned the value \fIn\fR \ \(em\ 1 (see Figure\ 8b/Q.704).
- .PP
- The use of the signalling link congestion status is specified in
- \(sc\ 2.3.5.2.
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 18P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 8b/Q.704, (M), p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .PP
- When the current buffer occupancy exceeds congestion discard
- threshold \fIn\fR (\fIn\fR \ =\ 1, . | | , \fIN\fR \ \(em\ 1), but does
- not exceed congestion
- discard threshold
- \fIn\fR \ +\ 1, the current signalling link discard status is assigned
- the value \fIn\fR (see Figure\ 8c/Q.704).
- .bp
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 16P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 8c/Q.704, (M), p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .PP
- When the current buffer occupancy exceeds congestion discard
- threshold\ \fIN\fR , the current signalling discard status is assigned the
- value\ \fIN\fR .
- .PP
- The use of the signalling link discard status is specified in
- \(sc\ 2.3.5.2.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.8.2.3\ \ In national signalling networks using multiple signalling
- link congestion states without congestion priority, \fIS\fR \ +\ 1(1\ \(=\
- \fIS\fR \ \(=\ 3)
- levels of signalling link congestion status are accommodated in the signalling
- network, 0 being the lowest and \fIS\fR the highest.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The signalling link congestion status is determined by a timing
- mechanism after the buffer occupancy exceeds the congestion onset threshold,
- or drops below the congestion abatement threshold. Under normal operation,
- when
- the signalling link is uncongested, the signalling link congestion status is
- assigned the zero value.
- .PP
- At the onset of congestion, when the buffer occupancy exceeds the
- congestion onset threshold, the first signalling link congestion status is
- assigned a value\ \fIs\fR , predetermined in the signalling network.
- .PP
- If the signalling link congestion status is set to
- \fIs\fR (\fIs\fR \ =\ 1,\ . | | ,\ \fIS\fR \ \(em\ 1) and the buffer occupancy
- continues to be
- above the congestion onset threshold during Tx, the signalling link congestion
- status is updated by the new value \fIs\fR \ +\ 1.
- .PP
- If the signalling link congestion status is set to
- \fIs\fR (\fIs\fR \ =\ 1,\ . | | ,\ \fIS\fR ) and the buffer occupancy
- continues to be
- below the abatement threshold during Ty, the signalling link congestion
- status is updated by the new value \fIs\fR \ \(em\ 1.
- .PP
- Otherwise, the current signalling link congestion status is maintained
- (see Figure 8d/Q.704).
- .PP
- The congestion abatement threshold should be placed lower than the
- congestion onset threshold.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.8.3
- \fIProcedures used in connection with link congestion status\fR
- \fIchanges\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- In \(sc\ 3.8.3, the procedures relating to each signalling network
- management function, which in general are applied in connection with link
- congestion status changes, are listed.
- .PP
- Signalling route management: in the case when the congestion of a
- signalling link causes a signalling route set to become congested, the
- transfer\(hycontrolled procedure (see \(sc\(sc\ 13.6 and 13.7) is used,
- if required, to notify originating signalling points that they should reduce
- the concerned
- signalling traffic towards the affected destination.
- .bp
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 19P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 8d/Q.704, (M), p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.8.4
- \fICongestion status of signalling route sets\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- At each originating signalling point, there is associated with
- each signalling route set a congestion status, which indicates the degree of
- congestion in the signalling route set.
- .RT
- .LP
- a)
- In the international signalling network, two states are
- provided, congested and uncongested.
- .LP
- If a link in a signalling route towards a given destination
- becomes congested, the congestion status of the signalling route set towards
- the affected destination is changed to congested.
- .LP
- When a transfer controlled message relating to a given
- destination is received, the congestion status of the signalling route set
- towards the affected destination is indicated to the level\ 4 User Parts in
- accordance with the transfer\(hycontrolled procedure specified in \(sc\
- 13.6. The
- congestion status is not retained by level\ 3 at the receiving signalling
- point.
- .LP
- b)
- In national signalling networks with multiple congestion
- levels
- corresponding to the \fIN\fR \ +\ 1 levels of signalling link congestion,
- there are \fIN\fR \ +\ 1 values of signalling route set congestion status,
- with\ 0
- being the lowest and \fIN\fR the highest.
- .LP
- Normally the congestion status of a signalling route set is
- assigned the zero value, indicating that the signalling route set is
- uncongested.
- .LP
- If a signalling link in the signalling route set to a given
- destination becomes congested, the congestion status of the signalling route
- set is assigned the value of the signalling link congestion status, if it is
- higher than the current signalling route set congestion status.
- .LP
- When a transfer\(hycontrolled message relating to a given
- destination is received, the congestion status of the signalling route set
- towards that destination is updated, in accordance with the transfer\(hycontrolled
- procedure as specified in \(sc\ 13.7.
- .LP
- The congestion status of the signalling route set towards that destination
- may be decremented in accordance with the
- signalling\(hyroute\(hyset\(hycongestion\(hytest procedure as specified
- in \(sc\ 13.9.
- .bp
- .LP
- c)
- In national signalling networks using multiple congestion
- levels
- without congestion priority, there are \fIS\fR \ +\ 1 values of
- signalling route set congestion states, with 0 being the lowest and \fIS\fR the
- highest.
- .LP
- Normally the congestion status of a signalling route set is
- assigned the zero value, indicating that the signalling route set is
- uncongested.
- .LP
- If a local signalling link in the signalling route set to a
- given destination becomes congested, the congested status of the signalling
- route set is assigned the value of the signalling link congestion status,
- if it is larger than the current signalling route set congestion status.
- .LP
- When a transfer\(hycontrolled message relating to a given
- destination is received, the congestion status of the signalling route set
- towards that destination is updated in accordance with the transfer\(hycontrolled
- procedure as specified in \(sc\ 13.8. The congestion status of the route
- set
- towards the congested destination is not retained by level\ 3 at the receiving
- signalling point.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.8.5
- \fIProcedures used in connection with route set congestion\fR
- \fIstatus changes\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- In \(sc\ 3.8.5, the procedures relating to each signalling network
- management function, which in general are applied in connection with route
- set congestion status changes, are listed.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.8.5.1\ \ Signalling traffic management: the signalling traffic flow
- control procedure (see \(sc\ 11) is applied; it is used to regulate the
- input of
- signalling traffic from User Parts to the concerned signalling route
- set.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.8.5.2\ \ Signalling route management: as a national option, the
- signalling\(hyroute\(hyset\(hycongestion\(hytest procedure (see \(sc\ 13.9)
- is applied; it is used to update the congestion status of the concerned
- signalling route set
- until the congestion status is reduced to the zero value.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fB4\fR \fBSignalling traffic management\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 4.1
- \fIGeneral\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 4.1.1
- The signalling traffic management function is used, as
- indicated in \(sc\ 3, to divert signalling traffic from signalling links
- or routes, or to temporarily reduce it in quantity in the case of congestion.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 4.1.2
- The diversion of traffic in the cases of unavailability or
- availability or restriction
- of signalling links and routes is
- typically made by means of the following basic procedures, included in the
- signalling traffic management function:
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- signalling link unavailability (failure, deactivation, blocking or inhibiting):
- the changeover procedure (see \(sc\ 5) is used to divert signalling traffic
- to one or more alternative links (if any);
- .LP
- \(em
- signalling link availability (restoration, activation,
- unblocking or uninhibiting): the changeback procedure (see \(sc\ 6) is used to
- divert signalling traffic to the link made available;
- .LP
- \(em
- signalling route unavailability: the forced rerouting procedure (see
- \(sc\ 7) is used to divert signalling traffic to an alternative route (if
- any);
- .LP
- \(em
- signalling route availability: the controlled rerouting
- procedure (see \(sc\ 8) is used to divert signalling traffic to the route made
- available;
- .LP
- \(em
- signalling route restricted
- : the controlled rerouting
- procedure (see \(sc\ 8) is used to divert signalling traffic to an alternative
- route (if any);
- .LP
- \(em
- signalling point availability: the signalling point restart
- procedure (see \(sc\ 9) is used to divert the signalling traffic to (or
- via) the
- point made available.
- .bp
- .PP
- Each procedure includes different elements of procedure, the
- application of one or more of which depends on the particular circumstances,
- as indicated in the relevant sections. Moreover, these procedures include
- a
- modification of the signalling routing, which is made in a systematic way,
- as described in \(sc\(sc\ 4.2 to\ 4.7.
- .PP
- 4.1.3
- The signalling traffic flow control procedures are used in the
- case of congestion, in order to limit signalling traffic at its source. The
- procedures are specified in \(sc\ 11.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 4.2
- \fINormal routing situation\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 4.2.1
- Signalling traffic to be sent to a particular signalling point
- in the network, is normally routed to one or, in the case of load sharing
- between link sets in the international network, two link sets. A load sharing
- collection of one or more link sets is called a combined link set. Within
- a
- link set, a further routing may be performed in order to load share the
- traffic over the available signalling links (see \(sc\ 2).
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- To cater for the situations when signalling links or routes become unavailable,
- alternative routing data are defined.
- .PP
- For each destination which may be reached from a signalling point, one
- or more alternative link sets (combined link sets) are allocated. An
- alternative combined link set may consist of one or more (or all) of the
- remaining available link sets, which may carry signalling traffic towards
- the concerned destination. The possible link set (combined link sets) appear
- in a certain priority order. The link set (combined link set) having the
- highest
- priority is used whenever it is available. It is defined that the normal
- link set (combined link set) for traffic to the concerned destination.
- The link set (combined link set) which is in use at a given time is called
- the current link set (combined link set). The current link set (combined
- link set) consists
- either of the normal link set (combined link set) or of an alternative
- link set (combined link set).
- .PP
- For each signalling link, the remaining signalling links in
- the link set are alternative links. The signalling links of a link set are
- arranged in a certain priority order. Under normal conditions the signalling
- link (or links) having the highest priority is used to carry the signalling
- traffic.
- .PP
- These signalling links are defined as normal signalling links, and
- each portion of load shared traffic has its own normal signalling link.
- Signalling links other than normal may be active signalling links (but not
- carrying any signalling traffic at the time) or inactive signalling links
- (see \(sc\ 12).
- .RT
- .PP
- 4.2.2
- Message routing (normal as well as alternative) is in principle
- independently defined at each signalling point. Thus, signalling traffic
- between two signalling points may be routed over different signalling links
- or paths in the two directions.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 4.3
- \fISignalling link unavailability\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 4.3.1
- When a signalling link becomes unavailable (see \(sc\ 3.2)
- signalling traffic carried by the link is transferred to one or more
- alternative links by means of a changeover procedure. The alternative link
- or links are determined in accordance with the following criteria.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 4.3.2
- In the case when there is one or more alternative signalling
- links available in the link set to which the unavailable link belongs, the
- signalling traffic is transferred within the link set to:
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- a)
- an active and unblocked signalling link, currently not
- carrying any traffic. If no such signalling link exists, the
- signalling traffic is transferred to
- .LP
- b)
- one or possibly more than one signalling link currently
- carrying traffic. In the case of transfer to one signalling
- link, the alternative signalling link is that having the highest
- priority of the signalling links in service.
- .PP
- 4.3.3
- In the case when there is no alternative signalling link within
- the link set to which the unavailable signalling link belongs, the signalling
- traffic is transferred to one or more alternative link sets (combined link
- sets) in accordance with the alternative routing defined for each destination.
- For a particular destination, the alternative link set (combined link set)
- is the link set (combined link set) in service having the highest
- priority.
- .bp
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Within a new link set, signalling traffic is distributed over
- the signalling links in accordance with the routing currently applicable for
- that link set; i.e.,\ the transferred traffic is routed in the same way
- as the traffic already using the link set.
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 4.4
- \fISignalling link availability\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 4.4.1
- When a previously unavailable signalling link becomes available
- again (see \(sc\ 3.2), signalling traffic may be transferred to the available
- signalling link by means of the changeback procedure. The traffic to be
- transferred is determined in accordance with the following criteria.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 4.4.2
- In the case when the link set, to which the available
- signalling link belongs, already carries signalling traffic on other signalling
- links in the link set, the traffic to be transferred is the traffic for
- which the available signalling link is the normal one.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The traffic is transferred from one or more signalling links,
- depending on the criteria applied when the signalling link became unavailable
- (see \(sc\ 4.3.2).
- .PP
- 4.4.3
- In the case when the link set (combined link set) to which the
- available signalling links belongs, does not carry any signalling traffic
- [i.e.,\ a link set (combined link set) has become available], the traffic
- to be transferred is the traffic for which the available link set (combined
- link set) has higher priority than the link set (combined link set) currently
- used.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The traffic is transferred from one or more link sets (combined
- link sets) and from one or more signalling links within each link set.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 4.5
- \fISignalling route unavailability\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- When a signalling route becomes unavailable (see \(sc\ 3.4) signalling
- traffic currently carried by the unavailable route is transferred to an
- alternative route by means of forced re\(hyrouting procedure. The alternative
- route (i.e.\ the alternative link set or link sets) is determined in accordance
- with the alternative routing defined for the concerned destination
- (see\ \(sc\ 4.3.3).
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 4.6
- \fISignalling route availability\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- When a previously unavailable signalling route becomes
- available again (see \(sc\ 3.4) signalling traffic may be transferred to the
- available route by means of a controlled rerouting procedure. This is
- applicable in the case when the available route (link set) has higher priority
- than the route (link set) currently used for traffic to the concerned
- destination (see \(sc\ 4.4.3).
- .PP
- The transferred traffic is distributed over the links of the
- new link set in accordance with the routing currently applicable for that
- link set.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 4.7
- \fISignalling route restriction\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- When a signalling route becomes restricted (see \(sc\ 3.4), signalling
- traffic carried by the restricted route is, if possible, transferred to
- an
- alternative route by means of the controlled rerouting procedure, if an
- equal priority alternative is available and not restricted. The alternative
- route is determined in accordance with alternate routing defined for the
- concerned
- destination (see \(sc\ 4.3.3).
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 4.8
- \fISignalling point availability\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- When a previously unavailable signalling point becomes available
- (see \(sc\ 3.6), signalling traffic may be transferred to the available
- point by
- means of a signalling point restart procedure (see \(sc\ 9).
- .RT
- .LP
- .sp 1
- .bp
- .LP
- \fB5\fR \fBChangeover\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 5.1
- \fIGeneral\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 5.1.1
- The objective of the changeover procedure is to ensure that
- signalling traffic carried by the unavailable signalling link is diverted to
- the alternative signalling link(s) as quickly as possible while avoiding
- message loss, duplication or mis\(hysequencing. For this purpose, in the normal
- case the changeover procedure includes buffer updating and retrieval, which
- are performed before reopening the alternative signalling link(s) to the
- diverted traffic. Buffer updating consists of identifying all those messages
- in the retransmission buffer of the unavailable signalling link which have
- not
- been received by the far end. This is done by means of a hand\(hyshake
- procedure, based on changeover messages, performed between the two ends
- of the
- unavailable signalling link. Retrieval consists of transferring the concerned
- messages to the transmission buffer(s) of the alternative link(s).
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 5.1.2
- Changeover includes the procedures to be used in the case of
- unavailability (due to failure, blocking or inhibiting) of a signalling
- link, in order to divert the traffic pertaining to that signalling link
- to one or
- more alternative signalling links.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- These signalling links can be carrying their own
- signalling traffic and this is not interrupted by the changeover
- procedure.
- .PP
- The different network configurations to which the changeover
- procedure may be applied are described in\ \(sc\ 5.2.
- .PP
- The criteria for initiation of changeover, as well as the
- basic actions to be performed, are described
- in \(sc\ 5.3.
- .PP
- Procedures necessary to cater for equipment failure or other
- abnormal conditions are also provided.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 5.2
- \fINetwork configurations for changeover\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 5.2.1
- Signalling traffic diverted from an unavailable signalling link
- is routed by the concerned signalling point according to the rules specified
- in \(sc\ 4. In summary, two alternative situations may arise (either for
- the
- whole diverted traffic or for traffic relating to each particular
- destination):
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- i)
- traffic is diverted to one or more signalling links of the same link set, or
- .LP
- ii)
- traffic is diverted to one or more different link
- sets.
- .PP
- 5.2.2
- As a result of these arrangements, and of the message routing
- function described in \(sc\ 2, three different relationships between the new
- signalling link and the unavailable one can be identified, for each
- particular traffic flow. These three basic cases may be summarized as
- follows:
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- a)
- the new signalling link is parallel to the unavailable one (see Figure\
- 9/Q.704);
- .LP
- b)
- the new signalling link belongs to a signalling route other than that
- to which the unavailable signalling link belongs, but this signalling route
- still passes through the signalling point at the far end of the
- unavailable signalling link (see Figure\ 10/Q.704);
- .LP
- c)
- the new signalling link belongs to a signalling route other than that
- to which the unavailable signalling link belongs, and this signalling route
- does not pass through the signalling point acting as signalling transfer
- point, at the far end of the unavailable signalling link (see
- Figure\ 11/Q.704).
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 6P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure\ 9/Q.704, (M), p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 12P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure\ 10/Q.704, (M), p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 12P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure\ 11/Q.704, (M), p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .PP
- Only in the case of c) does a possibility of message
- mis\(hysequencing exist: therefore its use should take into account the overall
- service dependability requirements described in Recommendation\ Q.706.
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 5.3
- \fIChangeover initiation and actions\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 5.3.1
- Changeover is initiated at a signalling point when a signalling
- link is recognized as unavailable according to the criteria listed in
- \(sc\ 3.2.2.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The following actions are then performed:
- .LP
- a)
- transmission and acceptance of message signal units on the concerned
- signalling link is terminated;
- .LP
- b)
- transmission of link status signal units or fill in signal units, as
- described in Recommendation\ Q.703, \(sc\ 5.3, takes place;
- .LP
- c)
- the alternative signalling link(s) are determined according to the rules
- specified in \(sc\ 4;
- .LP
- d)
- a procedure to update the content of the retransmission
- buffer of the unavailable signalling link is performed as specified in
- \(sc\ 5.4
- below;
- .LP
- e)
- signalling traffic is diverted to the alternative signalling link(s)
- as specified in \(sc\ 5.5 below.
- .PP
- In addition, if traffic toward a given destination is diverted to an alternative
- signalling link terminating in a signalling transfer point not
- currently used to carry traffic toward that destination, a transfer\(hyprohibited
- procedure is performed as specified in \(sc\ 13.2.
- .PP
- 5.3.2
- In the case when there is no traffic to transfer from the
- unavailable signalling link action, only item\ b) of \(sc\ 5.3.1 is
- required.
- .bp
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 5.3.3
- If no alternative signalling link exists for signalling traffic towards
- one or more destinations, the concerned destination(s) are declared
- inaccessible and the following actions apply:
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- i)
- the routing of the concerned signalling traffic is blocked and the concerned
- messages already stored in the transmission and retransmission
- buffers of the unavailable signalling link, as well as those received
- subsequently, are discarded |
- .FS
- The adequacy of this procedure to meet the
- acceptable dependability objective in terms of loss of messages requires
- further study.
- .FE
- ;
- .LP
- ii)
- a command is sent to the User Part(s) (if any) in order to stop generating
- the concerned signalling traffic;
- .LP
- iii)
- the transfer\(hyprohibited procedure is performed, as
- specified in \(sc\ 13.2;
- .LP
- iv)
- the appropriate signalling link management procedures are performed,
- as specified in \(sc\ 12.
- .PP
- 5.3.4
- In some cases of failures or in some network configurations,
- the normal buffer updating and retrieval procedures described in \(sc\(sc\
- 5.4 and\ 5.5 cannot be accomplished. In such cases, the emergency changeover
- procedures
- described in \(sc\ 5.6 apply.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Other procedures to cover possible abnormal cases appear in
- \(sc\ 5.7.
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 5.4
- \fIBuffer updating procedure\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 5.4.1
- When a decision to changeover is made, a changeover order is
- sent to the remote signalling point. In the case that the changeover was
- initiated by the reception of a changeover order (see \(sc\ 5.2) a changeover
- acknowledgement is sent instead.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- A changeover order is always acknowledged by a changeover
- acknowledgement, even when changeover has already been initiated in accordance
- with another criterion.
- .PP
- No priority is given to the changeover order or changeover
- acknowledgement in relation to the normal traffic of the signalling link on
- which the message is sent.
- .RT
- .PP
- 5.4.2
- The changeover order and changeover acknowledgement are
- signalling network management messages and contain the following
- information:
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- the label, indicating the destination and originating
- signalling points and the identity of the unavailable signalling link;
- .LP
- \(em
- the changeover\(hyorder (or changeover\(hyacknowledgement) signal; and
- .LP
- \(em
- the forward sequence number of the last message signal unit accepted
- from the unavailable signalling link.
- .PP
- Formats and codes of the changeover order and the changeover
- acknowledgement appear in \(sc\ 15.
- .PP
- 5.4.3
- Upon reception of a changeover order or changeover
- acknowledgement, the retransmission buffer of the unavailable signalling
- link is updated (except as noted in \(sc\ 5.6), according to the information
- contained in the message. The message signal units successive to that indicated
- by the
- message are those which have to be retransmitted on the alternative signalling
- link(s), according to the retrieval and diversion procedure.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.5
- \fIRetrieval and diversion of traffic\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- When the procedure to update the retransmission buffer content is completed,
- the following actions are performed:
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- the routing of the signalling traffic to be diverted is
- changed;
- .LP
- \(em
- the signal traffic already stored in the transmission buffers and retransmission
- buffer of the unavailable signalling link is sent directly towards the
- new signalling link(s), according to the modified routing.
- .PP
- The diverted signalling traffic will be sent towards the new
- signalling link(s) in such a way that the correct message sequence is
- maintained. The diverted traffic has no priority in relation to normal
- traffic already conveyed on the signalling link(s).
- .bp
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 5.6
- \fIEmergency changeover procedures\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 5.6.1
- Due to the failure in a signalling terminal it may be
- impossible for the corresponding end of the faulty signalling link to determine
- the forward sequence number of the last message signal unit accepted over
- the unavailable link. In this case, the concerned end accomplishes, if
- possible,
- the buffer updating procedures described in \(sc\ 5.4 but it makes use of an
- emergency changeover order or an emergency changeover acknowledgement instead
- of the corresponding normal message; these emergency messages, the format
- of
- which appears in \(sc\ 15, do not contain the forward sequence number of the
- last accepted message signal unit. Furthermore, the signalling link is taken
- out of service, i.e.\ the concerned end initiates, if possible, the sending
- of \fIout\(hyof\(hyservice\fR link status signal units on the unavailable
- link
- (see Recommendation\ Q.703, \(sc\ 5.3).
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- When the other end of the unavailable signalling link receives the emergency
- changeover order or acknowledgement, it accomplishes the changeover procedures
- described in \(sc\(sc\ 5.4 and\ 5.5, the only difference being that it
- does not perform either buffer updating or retrieval. Instead, it directly
- starts sending the signalling traffic not yet transmitted on the unavailable
- link on the alternative signalling link(s).
- .PP
- The use of normal or emergency changeover messages depends on
- the local conditions of the sending signalling point only, in
- particular:
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- an emergency changeover order is acknowledged by a changeover acknowledgement
- if the local conditions are normal; and
- .LP
- \(em
- a changeover order is acknowledged by an emergency changeover acknowledgement
- if there are local fault conditions.
- .PP
- 5.6.2
- Time\(hycontrolled changeover
- is initiated when the exchange of changeover messages is not possible or
- not desirable, i.e.,\ if any (or
- several) of the following cases apply:
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- i)
- No signalling path exists between the two ends of the
- unavailable link, so that the exchange of changeover messages
- is impossible.
- .LP
- ii)
- Processor outage indication is received on a link. In this case, if the
- remote processor outage condition is only transitory,
- sending of a changeover order could result in failure of the link.
- .LP
- iii)
- A signalling link currently carrying traffic has been
- marked (locally or remotely) inhibited. In this case, time
- controlled changeover is used to divert traffic for the inhibited
- link without causing the link to fail.
- .PP
- When the concerned signalling point decides to initiate changeover in such
- circumstances, after the expiry of a time T1 (see \(sc\ 16.8), it starts
- signalling traffic not yet transmitted on the unavailable signalling link on
- the alternative link(s); the purpose of withholding traffic for the time\ T1
- (see \(sc\ 16.8) is to reduce the probability of message mis\(hysequencing.
- .PP
- \fR An example of such a case appears in Recommendation\ Q.705,
- Annex\ A.
- .PP
- In the abnormal case when the concerned signalling point is not
- aware of the situation, it will start the normal changeover procedure and
- send a changeover order; in this case it will receive no changeover message
- in
- response and the procedure will be completed as indicated in \(sc\ 5.7.2.
- Possible reception of a transfer\(hyprohibited message (sent by an involved
- signalling transfer point on reception of the changeover order, see
- \(sc\ 13.2) will not affect changeover procedures.
- .RT
- .PP
- 5.6.3
- Due to failures, it may be impossible for a signalling point
- to perform retrieval even if it has received the retrieval information
- from the far end of the unavailable signalling link. In this case, it starts
- sending new traffic on reception of the changeover message (or on time\(hyout
- expiry, see
- \(sc\(sc\ 5.6.2 and\ 5.7.2); no further actions in addition to the other normal
- changeover procedures are performed.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 5.7
- \fIProcedures in abnormal conditions\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 5.7.1
- The procedures described in this section allow the completion
- of the changeover procedures in abnormal cases other than those described in
- \(sc\ 5.6.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 5.7.2
- If no changeover message in response to a changeover order is
- received within a timer\ T2 (see \(sc\ 16.8), new traffic is started on the
- alternative signalling link(s).
- .bp
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 5.7.3
- If a changeover order or acknowledgement containing an
- unreasonable value of the forward sequence number is received, no buffer
- updating or retrieval is performed, and new traffic is started on the
- alternative signalling link(s).
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 5.7.4
- If a changeover acknowledgement is received without having
- previously sent a changeover order, no action is taken.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 5.7.5
- If a changeover order is received relating to a particular
- signalling link after the completion of changeover from that signalling
- link, an emergency changeover acknowledgement is sent in response, without
- any
- further action.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fB6\fR \fBChangeback\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 6.1
- \fIGeneral\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 6.1.1
- The objective of the changeback procedure is to ensure that
- signalling traffic is diverted from the alternative signalling link(s)
- to the signalling link made available as quickly as possible, while avoiding
- message loss, duplication or mis\(hysequencing. For this purpose (in the
- normal case),
- changeback includes a procedure to control the message sequence.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 6.1.2
- Changeback includes the basic procedures to be used to perform
- the opposite action to changeover, i.e.\ to divert traffic from the alternative
- signalling link(s) to a signalling link which has become available (i.e.,\
- it
- was uninhibited, restored or unblocked). The characteristics of the alternative
- signalling link(s) from which changeback can be made are described in \(sc\
- 5.2. In all the cases mentioned in \(sc\ 5.2 the alternative signalling
- links can be
- carrying their own signalling traffic and this is not interrupted by the
- changeback procedures.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Procedures necessary to cater for particular network
- configuration or other abnormal conditions are also provided.
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ The term \*Qalternative signalling link(s)\*U refers to
- signalling link(s) terminating in the signalling point at which a changeback
- is initiated (see also \(sc\ 4).
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 6.2
- \fIChangeback initiation and actions\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 6.2.1
- Changeback is initiated at a signalling point when a
- signalling link is restored, unblocked or uninhibited, and therefore it
- becomes once again available, according to the criteria listed in \(sc\(sc\
- 3.2.3 and\ 3.2.7. The following actions are then performed:
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- a)
- the alternative signalling link(s) are determined, to which traffic normally
- carried by the signalling link made available was previously diverted (e.g.,\
- on occurrence of a changeover);
- .LP
- b)
- signalling traffic is diverted (if appropriate, according to the criteria
- specified in \(sc\ 4) to the concerned signalling link by means of the
- sequence control procedure specified in \(sc\ 6.3; traffic diversion can
- be
- performed at the discretion of the signalling point initiating changeback,
- as follows:
- .LP
- i)
- individually for each traffic flow (i.e., on
- destination basis);
- .LP
- ii)
- individually for each alternative signalling link
- (i.e.,\ for all the destinations previously diverted on that
- alternative signalling link);
- .LP
- iii)
- at the same time for a number of, or for all the
- alternative signalling links.
- .PP
- On occurrence of changeback, it may happen that traffic towards
- a given destination is no longer routed via a given adjacent signalling
- transfer point, towards which a transfer\(hyprohibited procedure was previously
- performed on occurrence of changeover (see \(sc\ 5.3.1); in this case a
- transfer\(hyallowed procedure is performed, as specified in \(sc\ 13.3.
- .PP
- In addition, if traffic towards a given destination is diverted
- to an alternative signalling link terminating in a signalling transfer point
- not currently used to carry traffic toward that destination, a
- transfer\(hyprohibited procedure is performed as specified in \(sc\ 13.2.
- .bp
- .RT
- .PP
- 6.2.2
- In the case when there is no traffic to transfer to the
- signalling link made available, none of the previous actions are
- performed.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 6.2.3
- In the case that the signalling link made available can be used to carry
- signalling traffic toward a destination which was previously declared inaccessible,
- the following actions apply:
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- i)
- the routing of the concerned signalling traffic is unblocked and transmission
- of the concerned messages (if any) is
- immediately started on the link made available;
- .LP
- ii)
- a command is sent to the User Part(s) (if any) in order to
- restart generating the concerned signalling traffic;
- .LP
- iii)
- the transfer\(hyallowed procedure is performed, as specified
- in \(sc\ 13.3. However, in national networks, when the recovered
- link is not on the normal route for that destination, the
- transfer\(hyrestricted
- procedure may be performed as
- specified in \(sc\ 13.5.
- .PP
- 6.2.4
- In the case that the signalling link made available is used to carry signalling
- traffic towards a destination which was previously declared
- restricted, the following actions apply:
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- i)
- the concerned signalling traffic is rediverted and
- transmission of the concerned messages (if any) is immediately
- started on the link made available;
- .LP
- ii)
- when the recovered link is on the normal route for that
- destination, the status of the route is changed to available;
- otherwise, the status of the route remains unchanged.
- .PP
- 6.2.5
- If the signalling point at the far end of the link made
- available currently is inaccessible, from the signalling point initiating
- changeback (see \(sc\ 9 on Signalling Point Restart), the sequence control
- procedure specified in \(sc\ 6.3 (which requires
- communication between the two concerned signalling points) does not apply;
- instead, the time\(hycontrolled diversion specified in \(sc\ 6.4 is performed.
- This is made also when the concerned signalling points are accessible, but
- there is no signalling route to it using the same outgoing signalling link(s)
- (or one of the same signalling links) from which traffic will be
- diverted.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 6.3
- \fISequence control procedure\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 6.3.1
- When a decision is made at a given signalling point to divert a given traffic
- flow (towards one or more destinations) from an alternative
- signalling link to the signalling link made available, the following actions
- are performed if possible (see \(sc\ 6.4):
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- i)
- transmission of the concerned traffic on the alternative
- signalling link is stopped; such traffic is stored in a
- \fIchangeback buffer\fR ;
- .LP
- ii)
- a changeback declaration is sent to the remote signalling point of the
- signalling link made available via the concerned
- alternative signalling link; this message indicates that no more
- message signal units relating to the traffic being diverted to
- the link made available will be sent on the alternative
- signalling link.
- .PP
- 6.3.2
- The concerned signalling point will restart diverted traffic
- over the signalling link made available when it receives a changeback
- acknowledgement from the far signalling point of the link made available;
- this message indicates that all signal messages relating to the concerned
- traffic
- flow and routed to the remote signalling point via the alternative signalling
- link have been received. The remote signalling point will send the
- changeback acknowledgement to the signalling point initiating changeback in
- response to the changeback declaration; any available signalling route
- between the two signalling points can be used to carry the changeback
- acknowledgement.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 6.3.3
- The changeback declaration and changeback acknowledgement are
- signalling network management messages and contain:
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- the label, indicating the destination and originating
- signalling points, and the identity of the signalling link to
- which traffic will be diverted;
- .LP
- \(em
- the changeback\(hydeclaration (or changeback\(hyacknowledgement)
- signal, and
- .LP
- \(em
- the changeback code.
- .PP
- Formats and codes of the changeback declaration and changeback
- acknowledgement appear in\ \(sc\ 15.
- .bp
- .PP
- 6.3.4
- A particular configuration of the changeback code is
- autonomously assigned to the changeback declaration by the signalling point
- initiating changeback; the same configuration is included in the changeback
- acknowledgement by the acknowledging signalling point. This allows
- discrimination between different changeback declarations and acknowledgements
- when more than one sequence control procedures are initiated in parallel,
- as
- follows.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 6.3.5
- In the case that a signalling point intends to initiate
- changeback in parallel from more than one alternative signalling link, a
- sequence control procedure is accomplished for each involved signalling
- link, and a changeback declaration is sent on each of them; each changeback
- declaration is assigned a different configuration of the changeback code.
- Stopped traffic is stored in one or more changeback buffers (in the latter
- case, a changeback buffer is provided for each alternative signalling link).
- When the changeback acknowledgement relating to that alternative signalling
- link is received, traffic being diverted from a given alternative signalling
- link can be restarted on the signalling link made available, starting with
- the content of the changeback buffer; discrimination between the different
- changeback acknowledgements is made by the changeback code configuration,
- which is the same as that sent in the changeback declaration.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- This procedure allows either reopening the recovered signalling
- link to traffic in a selective manner (provided that different changeback
- buffers are used) as soon as each changeback acknowledgement is received, or
- only when all the changeback acknowledgements have been received.
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 6.4
- \fITime\(hycontrolled diversion procedure\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 6.4.1
- The time\(hycontrolled diversion procedure is used at the end of the signalling
- point restart procedure (see \(sc\ 9) when an adjacent signalling
- point becomes available, as well as for the reasons given in \(sc\ 6.2.5. An
- example of such a use appears in Figure\ 12/Q.704.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 11P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure\ 12/Q.704, (M), p.
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .PP
- In this example, on failure of signalling link AB, traffic towards the
- destination\ D was directed to signalling link\ AC. When AB becomes
- available, the point\ A considers itself as the neighbour of a point which
- restarts and applies the signalling point restart procedure (see \(sc\ 9).
- .PP
- 6.4.2
- When changeback is initiated after the signalling point restart procedure,
- the adjacent signalling point of the point which is restarting stops traffic
- to be directed from the alternative signalling link(s) for a time T3, after
- which it starts traffic on the signalling link(s) made available. The
- time delay minimizes the probability of out\(hyof\(hysequence delivery to the
- destination point(s).
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 6.5
- \fIProcedures in abnormal conditions\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 6.5.1
- If a changeback acknowledgement is received by a signalling
- point which has not previously sent a changeback declaration, no action is
- taken.
- .bp
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 6.5.2
- If a changeback declaration is received after the completion of
- the changeback procedure, a changeback acknowledgement is sent in response,
- without taking any further action. This corresponds to the normal action
- described in \(sc\ 6.3.2 above.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 6.5.3
- If no changeback acknowledgement is received in response to a
- changeback declaration within a time T4 (see \(sc\ 16.8), the changeback
- declaration is repeated and a new timer\ T5 (see \(sc\ 16.8), is started. If no
- changeback acknowledgement is received before the expiry of\ T5, the maintenance
- functions are alerted and traffic on the link made available is started.
- The
- changeback code contained in the changeback acknowledgement message makes it
- possible to determine, in the case of parallel changebacks from more than
- one reserve path, which changeback declaration is unacknowledged and has
- therefore to be repeated.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fB7\fR \fBForced rerouting\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 7.1
- \fIGeneral\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 7.1.1 \fR The objective of the forced rerouting procedure is to restore,
- as quickly as possible, the signalling capability between two signalling
- points towards a particular destination, in such a way as to minimize the
- consequences of a failure. However, since the unavailability of a signalling
- route is, in
- general, caused by the fact that the concerned destination has become
- inaccessible to a signalling transfer point, a probability of message loss
- exists (see \(sc\ 5.3.3). Therefore, the structure of the signalling network
- should be such as to reduce the probability of signalling route unavailability
- to limits compatible with the overall dependability requirements
- (see Recommendation\ Q.706).
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 7.1.2
- Forced rerouting is the basic procedure to be used in the case
- where a signalling route towards a given destination becomes unavailable
- (due to, for example, remote failures in the signalling network) to divert
- signalling traffic towards that destination to an alternative signalling
- route outgoing from the concerned signalling point. Signalling links pertaining
- to
- the alternative signalling route can be carrying their own signalling traffic
- (relating to different signalling routes), and this is not interrupted
- by the forced rerouting procedure.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 7.2
- \fIForced rerouting initiation and actions\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 7.2.1
- Forced rerouting is initiated at a signalling point when a
- transfer\(hyprohibited message, indicating a signalling route unavailability is
- received.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The following actions are then performed:
- .LP
- a)
- transmission of signalling traffic towards the concerned
- destination on the link set(s) pertaining to the unavailable route is
- immediately stopped; such traffic is stored in a \fIforced rerouting buffer\fR
- ;
- .LP
- b)
- the alternative route is determined according to the rules specified
- in \(sc\ 4;
- .LP
- c)
- as soon as action b) is completed, the concerned signalling traffic is
- restarted on a link set pertaining to the alternative
- route, starting with the content of the forced rerouting buffer;
- .LP
- d)
- if appropriate, a transfer\(hyprohibited procedure is performed (see
- \(sc\ 13.2.2).
- .PP
- 7.2.2
- In the case when there is no signalling traffic to be diverted from the
- unavailable route, action\ b) and\ d) apply.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 7.2.3 \fR If no alternative route exists for signalling traffic towards
- the concerned destination, that destination is declared inaccessible, and
- the actions specified in \(sc\ 5.3.3 apply.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fB8\fR \fBControlled rerouting\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 8.1
- \fIGeneral\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 8.1.1
- The objective of the controlled rerouting procedure is to
- restore the optimal signalling routing and to minimize mis\(hysequencing of
- messages. Therefore, controlled rerouting includes a time\(hycontrolled traffic
- diversion procedure, which is the same as that used in some cases of changeback
- (see\ \(sc\ 6.4).
- .bp
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 8.1.2
- Controlled rerouting is the basic procedure to be used in the following
- two cases:
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- a)
- when a signalling route towards a given destination becomes
- available (due to, for example, recovery of previous remote failures in the
- signalling network), to divert back signalling traffic towards that destination
- from the alternative to the normal signalling route outgoing from the concerned
- signalling point;
- .LP
- b)
- when a transfer\(hyrestricted
- message is received, after
- signalling traffic management has decided that alternative routing is
- appropriate (e.g.,\ because it would be more efficient than routing via
- the link set over which the transfer\(hyrestricted message was received).
- .PP
- Signalling links pertaining to the alternative signalling route
- can be carrying their own signalling traffic (relating to different routes)
- and this is not interrupted by the controlled rerouting procedure.
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 8.2
- \fIControlled rerouting initiation and actions\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 8.2.1
- Controlled rerouting is initiated at a signalling point when a
- transfer\(hyallowed message, indicating that the signalling route has
- become available, is received; also when a transfer\(hyrestricted
- message is received.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The following actions are then performed:
- .LP
- a)
- transmission of signalling traffic towards the concerned
- destination on the link set belonging to the alternative route or the route
- over which the transfer\(hyrestricted
- message was received is stopped; such traffic is stored in a \*Qcontrolled
- rerouting buffer\*U; a timer\ T6 (see \(sc\ 16.8), is started;
- .LP
- b)
- if the signalling point serves as a signalling transfer point, a transfer\(hyprohibited
- procedure is performed for the route made available (or the alternative
- route in the case of reception of a transfer\(hyrestricted
- message, if the alternative route was not previously used), and a
- transfer\(hyallowed procedure for the alternative one (or on the restricted
- route in the case of the reception of a transfer\(hyrestricted
- message) (see
- \(sc\(sc\ 13.2.2 and 13.3.2, respectively);
- .LP
- c)
- at the expiry of T6, the concerned signalling traffic is
- restarted on an outgoing link set pertaining to the signalling route made
- available, or the alternative route in the case of reception of the
- transfer\(hyrestricted
- message, starting with the content of the controlled rerouting buffer;
- the aim of the time delay is to minimize the probability of out\(hyof\(hysequence
- delivery to the destination point(s).
- .PP
- 8.2.2 \fR In the case when there is no signalling traffic to be diverted
- from the route made available, only action\ b) applies.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 8.2.3 \fR If the destination was inaccessible or restricted
- ,
- when the route is made available, then the destination is declared accessible
- and actions specified in \(sc\(sc\ 6.2.3 and\ 6.2.4 apply (if appropriate).
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB9\fR \fBSignalling point restart\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- This procedure uses the Traffic Restart Allowed message (TRA) which contains:
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- the label indicating the originating signalling point and
- adjacent destination signalling point;
- .LP
- \(em
- the traffic restart allowed signal.
- .PP
- The format and coding of this message appear in \(sc\ 15.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 9.1
- \fIActions in a signalling point (having the transfer function)\fR
- \fIwhich restarts\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- A signalling point restarts when it becomes available
- (see \(sc\ 3.6.2.1). A signalling point which restarts starts a timer\ T18 and
- starts activating all its signalling links (see\ \(sc\ 12).
- .PP
- When the first signalling link of a signalling link set is available, message
- traffic terminating at the far end of the linkset is immediately
- restarted (see also\ \(sc\ 9.5).
- .PP
- The restarting signalling point takes into account any transfer
- prohibited, transfer restricted
- (see \(sc\ 13) and traffic
- restart allowed messages received.
- .PP
- When all signalling links are available T18 is stopped.
- .bp
- .PP
- When T18 is stopped or expires, the following actions are
- taken:
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- the signalling point starts a timer T19 during which it
- expects to receive additional transfer prohibited, transfer restricted
- (see \(sc\ 13) and traffic restart allowed messages;
- .LP
- \(em
- when all traffic restart allowed messages are received T19 is stopped.
- .PP
- When T19 is stopped or expires, the signalling point starts a
- timer T20 during which:
- .LP
- \(em
- it broadcasts eventually transfer prohibited and transfer
- restricted
- messages (see\ \(sc\ 13), taking into account
- signalling links which are not available and any transfer prohibited and
- transfer restricted
- messages eventually received;
- .LP
- \(em
- when all these operations are completed, timer T20 is
- stopped.
- .PP
- When T20 is stopped or expires, the signalling point broadcasts
- traffic restart allowed messages to all adjacent signalling points and
- restarts the remaining traffic.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 9.2
- \fIActions in a restarting signalling point (having no transfer\fR
- \fIfunction)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- An SP which restarts starts a timer T21 and starts activating all its signalling
- links (see \(sc\ 12).
- .PP
- When the first signalling link of a signalling linkset is available, message
- traffic terminating at the far end of the linkset is immediately
- restarted (see also\ \(sc\ 9.5).
- .PP
- The restarting signalling point takes into account transfer prohibited
- and transfer restricted messages
- (see \(sc\ 13). If a traffic
- restart allowed message is received T21 is stopped. When T21 is stopped or
- expires, the signalling point restarts the remaining traffic.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 9.3
- \fIActions in a signalling point X adjacent to a restarting\fR
- \fIsignalling point Y\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Signalling point X knows that signalling point Y is restarting when signalling
- point\ Y becomes accessible (see \(sc\ 3.6.2.2). There are three cases
- to consider:
- .RT
- .LP
- i)
- Signalling points X and Y have the transfer function
- .LP
- a)
- When signalling point Y becomes accessible because a
- direct linkset becomes available, signalling point\ X
- takes the following action:
- .LP
- \(em
- starts a timer T21
- .LP
- \(em
- immediately restarts traffic terminating in
- signalling point\ Y (see also \(sc\ 9.5)
- .LP
- \(em
- sends any eventual transfer prohibited and
- transfer restricted
- messages to signalling
- point\ Y (see\ \(sc\ 13)
- .LP
- \(em
- sends a traffic restart allowed message to
- signalling point\ Y
- .LP
- \(em
- takes into account the eventual transfer
- prohibited and transfer restricted
- messages
- received from SP\ Y (see\ \(sc\ 13).
- .LP
- When a traffic restart allowed message is received
- from signalling point\ Y, timer\ T21 is stopped. When T21 is
- stopped or expires, signalling point\ X restarts any
- remaining traffic to\ Y, and broadcasts transfer allowed
- messages concerning\ Y, and all SPs made accessible
- via\ Y.
- .LP
- b)
- When signalling point Y becomes accessible on
- reception of a transfer allowed or transfer
- restricted
- message (see \(sc\ 13), signalling
- point\ X sends to signalling point\ Y any required
- transfer prohibited and transfer restricted
- messages
- on the available route.
- .LP
- ii)
- Signalling point X has a transfer function and signalling
- point\ Y has not
- .LP
- a)
- When signalling point Y becomes accessible because a
- direct signalling linkset becomes available, signalling
- point\ X takes the following actions:
- .LP
- \(em
- immediately restarts traffic terminating in
- signalling point\ Y (see also \(sc\ 9.5)
- .LP
- \(em
- eventually sends to signalling point Y any
- transfer prohibited and transfer restricted
- messages (see \(sc\ 13)
- .LP
- \(em
- broadcasts transfer allowed messages concerning
- signalling point\ Y and sends a traffic restart
- allowed message to it.
- .bp
- .LP
- b)
- When signalling point Y becomes accessible
- on reception of a transfer allowed or transfer
- restricted
- message, signalling point\ X sends to
- signalling point\ Y any required transfer prohibited and
- transfer restricted
- messages on the available
- route.
- .LP
- iii)
- Signalling point X does not have the transfer function and
- signalling point\ Y does or does not have the transfer
- function.
- .LP
- Signalling point X takes the following action:
- .LP
- \(em
- immediately restarts traffic terminating at
- signalling point\ Y (see also \(sc\ 9.5)
- .LP
- \(em
- starts a timer T21
- .LP
- \(em
- takes into account any eventual transfer prohibited
- and transfer restricted
- message
- received.
- .LP
- On the receipt of a traffic restart allowed message,
- timer\ T21 is stopped. When T21 is stopped or expires,
- signalling point\ X restarts any remaining
- traffic.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 9.4
- \fIActions in signalling point X on receipt of unexpected TRA message\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- If X has no STP function, no further action is taken.
- .PP
- If X has the STP function, then X sends to the adjacent point Y, from which
- the TRA message was received, the appropriate TFP and TFR messages.
- X\ then operates normally.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 9.5
- \fIGeneral rules\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- When a signalling point restarts, it considers, at the beginning of the
- point restart procedure, all signalling routes to be allowed. A signalling
- route set test message received in a restarting signalling point (during
- the
- point restart procedure) is ignored.
- .PP
- Signalling route set test messages received in a signalling point
- adjacent to a restarting signalling point (before T21 expires) are handled,
- but the replies consider that all signalling routes using the restarting
- point are prohibited. When T21 is stopped or expires these signalling routes
- are allowed unless a transfer prohibited or transfer restricted
- message has been
- received from the restarting signalling point during\ T21.
- .PP
- The procedure includes the general rule that late events
- [e.g.,\ restoration of a link after T18 expires, transfer prohibited or
- transfer restricted
- messages received after T19 expires,\ etc.] are treated outside the restart
- procedure.
- .PP
- All messages concerning another destination received in a restarting signalling
- point are treated normally during the point restart procedure. All messages
- concerning a local MTP user received in a restarting signalling point (Service
- Indicator\ !=\ 0000) are treated normally. All messages received with
- Service Indicator\ =\ 0000 in a restarting signalling point, for the signalling
- point itself, are treated as described in the signalling point restart
- procedure; those messages not described elsewhere in the procedure are
- discarded and no action is taken (message groups\ CHM, ECM, FCM, RSM, MIM
- and\ DLM).
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB10\fR \fBManagement inhibiting\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 10.1
- \fIGeneral\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Signalling link management inhibiting is requested by management
- when it becomes necessary e.g.,\ for maintenance or testing purposes (for
- example, if the link experiences too many changeovers and changebacks in a
- short time, or there is a significant link error rate), to make or keep a
- signalling link unavailable to User Part\(hygenerated signalling traffic.
- Management inhibiting is a signalling traffic management action, and does
- not cause any link status changes at level\ 2. A signalling link is marked
- \*Qinhibited\*U under the management inhibiting procedure. In particular, a
- signalling link that was active and in service prior to being inhibited
- will remain so, and will thus be able to transmit maintenance and test
- messages.
- .PP
- Inhibiting of a signalling link may be requested by management
- functions at either end of the link. The request is granted, provided that
- the inhibiting action does not cause any previously accessible destinations
- to
- become inaccessible at either end of the signalling link. The request may
- also be refused under certain circumstances such as congestion.
- .bp
- .PP
- A signalling link normally remains inhibited until uninhibiting is
- invoked in the signalling point at which inhibiting was initiated. Uninhibiting
- is initiated either at the request of a management function or by routing
- functions at either end of the signalling link when it is found that a
- destination has become inaccessible for signalling traffic and the link sets
- associated with routes to that destination contain inhibited links. Unless
- unavailable for other reasons, uninhibiting causes the signalling link
- to enter the available state and changeback to be initiated.
- .PP
- Periodic tests are made on the inhibit status of inhibited links. Such
- periodic tests should not add significantly to the traffic load on the
- signalling network, and remove the need for a signalling point to perform
- inhibit tests at signalling point restart.
- .PP
- If a test on the inhibit status of a link reveals discrepancies
- between the signalling points at each end of the link, the link is either
- uninhibited or force uninhibited as appropriate, to align the inhibit status
- at each end of the link.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 10.2
- \fIInhibiting initiation and actions\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- When at signalling point \*QX\*U a request is received from a
- management function to inhibit a signalling link to signalling point\ \*QY\*U,
- the following actions take place:
- .RT
- .LP
- a)
- A check is performed at signalling point \*QX\*U to determine
- whether, in the case of an available link, inhibiting will result in a
- destination becoming inaccessible, or in the case of an unavailable link,
- signalling point\ \*QY\*U is inaccessible. If either is the case, management is
- informed that the inhibiting request is denied.
- .LP
- b)
- If inhibiting is permitted, signalling point \*QX\*U sends an
- inhibit message to signalling point\ \*QY\*U indicating that it wishes
- to inhibit
- the signalling link identified in the message.
- .LP
- c)
- Signalling point \*QY\*U, on receiving the inhibit message from \*QX\*U,
- checks whether, in the case of an available link, inhibiting will result
- in a destination becoming inaccessible and, if so, an inhibit denied message
- is returned to signalling point\ \*QX\*U. The latter then informs the management
- function which requested inhibiting that the request cannot be granted.
- .LP
- d)
- If the signalling point \*QY\*U finds that inhibiting of the
- concerned link is permissible, it sends an inhibit acknowledgement to
- signalling point\ \*QX\*U and marks the link remotely inhibited.
- .LP
- If the link concerned is currently carrying traffic,
- signalling point\ \*QY\*U sends the inhibit acknowledgement via that link and
- diverts subsequent traffic for it, using the time controlled changeover
- procedure. \*QY\*U then starts inhibit test timer\ T23.
- .LP
- e)
- On receiving an inhibit acknowledgement message, signalling point\ \*QX\*U
- marks the link locally inhibited and informs management that the link is
- inhibited.
- .LP
- If the link concerned is currently carrying traffic,
- signalling point\ \*QX\*U diverts subsequent traffic for that link, using the
- time\(hycontrolled changeover procedure. \*QX\*U then starts inhibit test
- timer\ T22.
- .LP
- f
- )
- When changeover has been completed, the link while
- inhibited, will be unavailable for the transfer of user\(hygenerated traffic
- but still permits the exchange of test messages.
- .LP
- g)
- If, for any reason, the inhibit acknowledgement message is not received,
- a timer\ T14 expires and the procedure is restarted including
- inspection of the status of the destination of the inhibit message. If the
- destination is not available, management is informed.
- .PP
- At most two consecutive automatic attempts may be made to inhibit a particular
- signalling link.
- .PP
- A signalling point may not transmit an inhibit message for a
- particular signalling link if it has already transmitted an uninhibit message
- for that link, and neither an acknowledgement for that uninhibit message
- has
- been received nor has the uninhibit procedure finally timed out.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 10.3
- \fIUninhibiting initiation and actions\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Signalling link uninhibiting is initiated at the signalling point which
- originally caused the link to be inhibited, upon receipt of an uninhibit
- or forced uninhibit request.
- .bp
- .PP
- In a given signalling point, an uninhibit request may be initiated for
- a locally inhibited link by the management or signalling routing control
- function, while a forced uninhibit request may be initiated for a remotely
- inhibited link by the signalling routing control function only.
- .PP
- Signalling routing control will initiate signalling link uninhibit if an
- inhibited link is found to be a member of a link set in a route to a
- destination which has become inaccessible.
- .PP
- If such signalling routing control uninhibiting were unsuccessful
- because of a failed or blocked inhibited link, and if that link later recovers
- or becomes unblocked with the destination still unavailable, uninhibiting
- is
- re\(hyattempted.
- .PP
- A signalling point may not transmit an uninhibit message for a
- particular signalling link if it has already transmitted an inhibit message
- for that link, and neither an acknowledgement for that inhibit message
- has been
- received nor has the inhibit procedure finally timed out.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 10.3.1
- \fIManagement\(hyinitiated uninhibiting\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Upon receipt of an uninhibiting request from the management
- function of signalling point\ \*QX\*U regarding an inhibited link to signalling
- point\ \*QY\*U, the following actions take place:
- .RT
- .LP
- a)
- A check is performed at signalling point \*QX\*U to determine
- whether an uninhibit message can be sent to signalling point\ \*QY\*U,
- either over an available route, or if all routes to signalling point\ \*QY\*U
- are unavailable, over the concerned inhibited link. If all routes to signalling
- point\ \*QY\*U are
- unavailable and the concerned inhibited link is marked failed or processor
- outage, management is informed that uninhibiting is not possible.
- .LP
- b)
- If uninhibiting is possible, signalling point \*QX\*U sends an uninhibit
- signalling link message to signalling point\ \*QY\*U indicating that the
- link identified in the message should be uninhibited.
- .LP
- c)
- Upon receipt of the uninhibit link message, signalling
- point\ \*QY\*U returns an uninhibit acknowledgement message to signalling
- point\ \*QX\*U and cancels the remote inhibit indication. If no local inhibited,
- failed or
- blocked condition exists on the link, it is put in the available state and
- changeback is initiated.
- .LP
- d)
- On receipt of the uninhibit acknowledgement message,
- signalling point\ \*QX\*U cancels the local inhibit indication and informs
- management that the link has been uninhibited. If no remote inhibited,
- failed or blocked condition exists on the link, it is put in the available
- state and changeback is initiated.
- .LP
- e)
- If, for any reason, the uninhibit acknowledgement message is not received,
- a timer\ T12 expires. If this is the first expiry of T12 for this uninhibition
- attempt on this link, the procedure is restarted including
- inspection of the status of the destination of the unhibit message. If the
- destination is not available, or T12 has expired for the second time during
- the uninhibition attempt on this link, management is informed, and the
- uninhibition is abandoned.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 10.3.2
- \fISignalling routing control initiated uninhibiting\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Upon receipt of an uninhibit request from signalling routing
- control at signalling point\ \*QX\*U regarding an inhibited link to signalling
- point\ \*QY\*U, the following actions take place:
- .RT
- .LP
- a)
- A check is performed at signalling point \*QX\*U to determine
- whether the concerned inhibited link is marked failed or blocked. If it is,
- then signalling point\ \*QX\*U is unable to transmit an uninhibit message to
- signalling point\ \*QY\*U, uninhibiting is therefore not possible, and the
- uninhibiting attempt is abandoned.
- .LP
- b)
- If uninhibiting is possible, a further check is performed
- by signalling point\ \*QX\*U to determine whether inhibiting initiated
- by \*QX\*U
- (local inhibiting) or inhibiting initiated by \*QY\*U (remote inhibiting) is in
- effect.
- .LP
- c)
- If local inhibiting is in effect, then the actions described in \(sc\(sc\
- 10.3.1\ b), c), d) and\ e) take place. If uninhibition is abandoned,
- step\ f) below is taken.
- .bp
- .LP
- d)
- If remote inhibiting is in effect, then signalling point \*QX\*U requests
- forced uninhibiting of the signalling link by sending a force
- uninhibit signalling link message to signalling point\ \*QY\*U, which will then
- initiate uninhibiting in accordance with the description given in \(sc\(sc\
- 10.3.1\ b), c), d) and\ e).
- .LP
- The force uninhibit signalling link message is transmitted down the link
- to be uninhibited.
- .LP
- e)
- If, for any reason, an uninhibit signalling link message is not received
- in response to the force uninhibit message, a timer\ T13 expires. If this
- is the first expiry of T13 for this uninhibition attempt on this link,
- the procedure is restarted including inspection of the status of the inhibited
- link. If the link is marked failed or blocked, or timer\ T13 has expired
- for the second time during uninhibition of this link, management is informed
- and the
- uninhibition is abandoned.
- .LP
- f
- )
- If an attempt to uninhibit a signalling link is
- abandoned, signalling routing control attempts to uninhibit the next inhibited
- link to signalling point\ \*QY\*U, starting from a) above. The search continues
- until either a link is successfully uninhibited or all possible links to
- \*QY\*U in the routing table have been exhausted, or the destination has
- become available for other reasons.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 10.4
- \fIReceipt of unexpected management inhibition messages\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- a)
- An inhibit signalling link message concerning an inhibited signalling
- link is answered with an inhibit acknowledgement message without
- taking any further action.
- .LP
- b)
- An uninhibit signalling link message concerning an
- uninhibited
- signalling link is answered with an uninhibit acknowledgement message without
- taking any further action.
- .LP
- c)
- A force uninhibit signalling link message concerning an
- uninhibited link is answered with an uninhibit signalling link message
- without taking any further action.
- .LP
- d)
- If an inhibit acknowledgement message is received and no
- inhibit signalling link message is outstanding for the concerned link, no
- action is taken.
- .LP
- e)
- If an uninhibit acknowledgement message is received and no uninhibit
- signalling link message is outstanding for the concerned link, no
- action is taken.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 10.5
- \fIManagement inhibited link status and processor recovery\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- a)
- After a local processor recovery that involves loss of
- inhibit status information, the signalling point will mark all
- links as uninhibited, and message traffic will be restarted.
- .LP
- b)
- If messages for Level 4 are received on an inhibited
- signalling link, the messages will be discriminated and
- distributed.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 10.6
- \fIInhibit test procedure\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- When a signalling link becomes management inhibited, periodic tests are
- started to guard the inhibition status at each end of the
- link.
- .RT
- .PP
- 10.6.1
- A local inhibit test is performed when timer T22 expires at
- signalling point\ X and the concerned link is marked locally inhibited.
- In this case a local inhibit test message is sent to the signalling point\
- Y at the
- other end of the link, and timer\ T22 is restarted.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Reception of a local inhibit test message causes:
- .LP
- i)
- no action, if the concerned link is marked remotely
- inhibited at the receiving signalling point\ Y or:
- .LP
- ii)
- the force uninhibit procedure to be invoked at the
- receiving signalling point\ Y, if the concerned link is not marked remotely
- inhibited at Y. This procedure causes the locally inhibited status of the
- link at X to be cancelled.
- .PP
- If a timer T22 expires and the concerned link is not locally
- inhibited, no further action is taken.
- .PP
- 10.6.2
- A remote inhibit test is performed when timer T23 expires at
- signalling point\ Y and the concerned link is marked remotely inhibited.
- In this case a remote inhibit test message is sent to signalling point\
- X at the other end of the link, and timer\ T23 is restarted.
- .bp
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Reception of a remote inhibit test message causes:
- .LP
- i)
- no action, if the concerned link is marked locally inhibited at the receiving
- signalling point\ X or:
- .LP
- ii)
- the uninhibit procedure to be invoked at the receiving
- signalling point\ X, if the concerned link is not marked locally inhibited
- at X. This procedure causes the remotely inhibited status of the link at
- Y to be
- cancelled.
- .PP
- If a timer T23 expires and the concerned link is not remotely
- inhibited, no further action is taken.
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB11\fR \fBSignalling traffic flow control\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 11.1
- \fIGeneral\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The purpose of the signalling traffic flow control function is to limit
- signalling traffic at its source in the case when the signalling network
- is not capable of transferring all signalling traffic offered by the user
- because of network failures or congestion situations.
- .PP
- Flow control action may be taken as a consequence of a number of
- events; the following cases have been identified:
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- Failure in the signalling network (signalling links or
- signalling points) has resulted in routeset unavailability. In this situation,
- flow control may provide a short term remedy until more appropriate actions
- can be taken.
- .LP
- \(em
- Congestion of a signalling link or signalling point has
- resulted in a situation where reconfiguration is not appropriate.
- .LP
- \(em
- Failure of a part has made it impossible for the user to
- handle messages delivered by the Message Transfer Part.
- .PP
- When the normal transfer capability is restored, the flow control functions
- initiate resumption of the normal traffic flow.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 11.2
- \fIFlow control indications\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The need for the following indications has been identified.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 11.2.1
- \fISignalling route set unavailability\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- In the case when no signalling route is available for traffic
- towards a particular destination (see \(sc\(sc\ 5.3.3 and\ 7.2.3) an indication
- is
- given from the Message Transfer Part to the local user parts informing them
- that signalling messages destined to the particular signalling point cannot
- be transferred via the signalling network. Each user then takes appropriate
- actions in order to stop generation of signalling information destined
- for the inaccessible signalling point.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 11.2.2
- \fISignalling route set availability\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- In the case when a signalling route becomes available for traffic to a
- previously unavailable destination (see \(sc\(sc\ 6.2.3 and\ 8.2.3), an
- indication is given from the Message Transfer Part to the local user parts
- informing them that signalling messages destined to the particular signalling
- point can be
- transferred via the signalling network. Each user then takes appropriate
- actions in order to start generation of signalling information destined
- for the now accessible signalling point.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 11.2.3
- \fISignalling route set congestion (International signalling\fR
- \fInetwork)\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 11.2.3.1\ \ When the congestion status of a signalling route set changes to
- congested, the following actions will be taken:
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- i)
- When a message signal unit from a local User Part is
- received for a congested route set the following actions are performed:
- .LP
- a)
- The MSU is passed to level\ 2 for transmission.
- .LP
- b)
- A congestion indication primitive will be returned to each level\ 4 User
- Part, for the initial message and for at least every
- \fIn\fR \ messages (\fIn\fR \ =\ 8) received for the congested destination.
- The congestion indication primitive contains as a parameter the\ DPC of
- the affected
- destination.
- .bp
- .LP
- ii)
- When a message signal unit is received at an STP for a
- congested route set, the following actions take place:
- .LP
- a)
- The MSU is passed to level 2 for
- transmission.
- .LP
- b)
- A transfer controlled message is sent to the
- originating
- point for the initial message and for every \fIn\fR \ messages (\fIn\fR
- \ =\ 8) received
- from any originating point for the congested route set or for every link
- of the congested route set or for every linkset of the congested
- route set.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 11.2.3.2\ \ After the reception of a transfer controlled message, the
- receiving signalling point informs each level\ 4 User Part of the affected
- destination by means of a congestion indication primitive specified in
- \(sc\ 11.2.3.1\ i).
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 11.2.3.3\ \ When the status of a signalling route set changes to uncongested,
- normal operation is resumed. Resumption of message transmission towards
- the
- concerned destination is the responsibility of the level\ 4 User Parts.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 11.2.4
- \fISignalling route set congestion (National option with congestion\fR
- \fIpriorities)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- In the case when the congestion status of a signalling route set
- changes as a result of either the receipt of a transfer controlled message
- relating to a particular destination (see \(sc\ 13.7) or an indication of local
- signalling link congestion, or due to the signalling route\(hyset\(hycongestion\(hytest
- procedure (see \(sc\ 13.9) an indication is given from the Message Transfer
- Part to the local level\ 4 informing it about the current congestion status
- of the
- signalling route set. Each user then takes appropriate actions in order
- to stop generation of signalling messages destined for the affected signalling
- point
- with congestion priorities lower than the specified congestion status.
- Messages received from the local level\ 4 with congestion priorities lower
- than the
- current signalling route set congestion status are discarded by the Message
- Transfer Part.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 11.2.5
- \fISignalling route set congestion (National options without\fR
- \fIcongestion priorities)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- For national signalling networks using multiple signalling link
- congestion states without congestion priority, \fIS\fR \ +\ 1(1\ \(=\ \fIS\fR
- \ \(=\ 3) levels
- of route set congestion status are provided.
- .PP
- The procedure is the same as that specified in \(sc\ 11.2.3, except that
- the congestion indication primitive contains the congestion status as a
- parameter in addition to the\ DPC of the affected destination.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 11.2.6
- \fISignalling point/signalling transfer point congestion\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The detection of congestion onset and abatement in a signalling
- point or signalling transfer point should, if required, be implementation
- dependent. Any resulting action taken, and messages and primitives sent,
- should align with those procedures, messages and primitives specified for
- signalling route set congestion.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 11.2.7
- \fIMTP user flow control\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- If the Message Transfer Part is unable to distribute a received
- message to a local User Part because that User Part is unavailable, (User
- Part unavailability is an implementation dependent notion), the Message
- Transfer
- Part sends a User Part Unavailable\ (UPU) message to the Message Transfer
- Part at the originating signalling point.
- .PP
- When the originating signalling point's Message Transfer Part receives
- a User Part Unavailable message, it:
- .RT
- .LP
- a)
- informs the management process,
- .LP
- b)
- sends an indication (MTP\(hySTATUS with the appropriate
- parameters) to the affected local User Part informing it that that User
- Part at the particular remote signalling point is unavailable.
- .bp
- .PP
- The user should then take appropriate action in order to stop
- generation of signalling information for the unavailable User Part.
- .PP
- The User Part Unavailable message contains:
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- the label, indicating the destination and originating
- points;
- .LP
- \(em
- the user part unavailable signal;
- .LP
- \(em
- the identity of the unavailable user part.
- .PP
- The format and coding of this message appear in \(sc\ 15.
- .PP
- When the Message Transfer Part is again able to distribute received
- messages to a previously unavailable local User Part, that Message Transfer
- Part delivers the received messages to that User Part.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 11.2.8
- \fIUser part congestion\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- User part congestion procedures in the MTP are for further
- study.
- .RT
- .LP
- \fB12\fR \fBSignalling link management\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 12.1
- \fIGeneral\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 12.1.1
- The signalling link management function is used to control the locally
- connected signalling links. The function provides means for
- establishing and maintaining a certain predetermined capability of a link
- set. Thus, in the event of signalling link failures the signalling link
- management function controls actions aimed at restoring the capability
- of the link set.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Three sets of signalling link management procedures are specified in the
- following sections. Each set corresponds to a certain level of
- automation as regards allocation and reconfiguration of signalling equipment.
- The basic set of signalling link management procedures (see \(sc\ 12.2)
- provides no automatic means for allocation and reconfiguration of signalling
- equipment. The basic set includes the minimum number of functions which
- must be provided for international application of the signalling system.
- .PP
- Two alternative sets of signalling link management procedures are
- provided as options and include functions allowing for a more efficient
- use of signalling equipment in the case when signalling terminal devices
- have switched access to signalling data links.
- .RT
- .PP
- 12.1.2
- A signalling link set consists of one or more signalling links having a
- certain order of priority as regards the signalling traffic conveyed by
- the link set (see \(sc\ 4). Each signalling link in operation is assigned
- a
- signalling data link and a signalling terminal at each end of the signalling
- data link.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The signalling link identity is independent of the identities of the constituent
- signalling data link and signalling terminals. Thus, the
- identity referred to by the Signalling Link Code (SLC) included in the
- label of messages originated at Message Transfer Part level\ 3 is the signalling
- link
- identity and not the signalling data link identity or the signalling terminal
- identity.
- .PP
- Depending on the level of automation in an application of the
- signalling system, allocation of signalling data link and signalling terminals
- to a signalling link may be made manually or automatically.
- .PP
- In the first case, applicable for the basic signalling link management
- procedures, a signalling link includes predetermined signalling terminals
- and a predetermined signalling data link. To replace a signalling terminal
- or
- signalling data link, a manual intervention is required. The signalling data
- link to be included in a particular signalling link is determined by bilateral
- agreement (see also Recommendation\ Q.702).
- .PP
- In the second case for a given signalling point, a signalling link
- includes any of the signalling terminals and any of the signalling data
- links applicable to a \fIlink group\fR . As a result of, for example, signalling
- link
- failure, the signalling terminal and signalling data link included in a
- signalling link, may be replaced automatically. The criteria and procedures
- for automatic allocation of signalling terminals and signalling data links
- are
- specified in \(sc\(sc\ 12.5 and\ 12.6 respectively. The implementation of these
- functions requires that for a given link group any signalling terminal
- can be connected to any signalling data link.
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ A link group is a group of identical signalling links
- directly connecting two signalling points. A link set may include one or
- more link groups.
- .bp
- .RT
- .PP
- 12.1.3
- When a link set is to be brought into service, actions are
- taken to establish a predetermined number of signalling links. This is
- done by connecting signalling terminals to signalling data links and for
- each
- signalling link performing an initial alignment procedure (see
- Recommendation\ Q.703, \(sc\ 7.3). The process of making a signalling link
- ready to carry signalling traffic is defined as \fIsignalling link activation\fR
- .
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Activation of a signalling link may also be applicable, for
- example when a link set is to be extended or when a persisting failure makes
- another signalling link in the link set unavailable for signalling
- traffic.
- .PP
- In the case of signalling link failure, actions should be taken to
- restore the faulty signalling link, i.e.\ to make it available for signalling
- again. The restoration process may include replacement of a faulty signalling
- data link or signalling terminal.
- .PP
- A link set or single signalling link is taken out of service by means of
- a procedure defined as \fIsignalling link deactivation\fR .
- .PP
- The procedures for activation, restoration and deactivation are
- initiated and performed in different ways depending on the level of automation
- applicable for a particular implementation of the signalling system. In
- the
- following, procedures are specified for the cases when:
- .RT
- .LP
- a)
- no automatic functions are provided for allocation of
- signalling terminals and signalling data links (see \(sc\ 12.2).
- .LP
- b)
- an automatic function is provided for allocation of
- signalling terminals (see \(sc\ 12.3).
- .LP
- c)
- automatic functions are provided for allocation of
- signalling terminals and signalling data links (see \(sc\ 12.4).
- .LP
- 12.2
- \fIBasic signalling link management procedures\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 12.2.1
- \fISignalling link activation\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 12.2.1.1\ \ In the absence of failures, a link set contains a certain
- predetermined number of active (i.e.\ aligned) signalling links. In addition,
- the link set may contain a number of inactive signalling links, i.e.\ signalling
- links which have not been put into operation. Predetermined signalling
- terminals and a signalling data link are associated with each inactive
- signalling link.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The number of active and inactive signalling links in the absence of failures,
- and the priority order for the signalling links in a link set,
- should be identical at both ends of the link set.
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ In the typical case, all signalling links in a link
- set are active in the absence of failures.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 12.2.1.2\ \ When a decision is taken to activate an inactive signalling
- link, initial alignment starts. If the initial alignment procedure is successful,
- the signalling link is active and a signalling link test is started. If
- the
- signalling link test is successful the link becomes ready to convey signalling
- traffic. In the case when initial alignment is not possible, as determined
- at Message Transfer Part level\ 2 (see Recommendation\ Q.703, \(sc\ 7),
- new initial
- alignment procedures are started on the same signalling link after a time\
- T17 (delay to avoid the oscillation of initial alignment failure and link
- restart. The value of\ T17 should be greater than the loop delay and less
- than timer\ T2, see Recommendation\ Q.703, \(sc\ 7.3). If the signalling
- link test fails, link
- restoration starts until the signalling link is activated or a manual
- intervention is made.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 12.2.2
- \fISignalling link restoration\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- After a signalling link failure is detected, signalling link
- initial alignment will take place. In the case when the initial alignment
- procedure is successful, a signalling link test is started. If the signalling
- link test is successful the link becomes restored and thus available for
- signalling.
- .PP
- If initial alignment is not possible, as determined at Message
- Transfer Part level\ 2 (see Recommendation\ Q.703, \(sc\ 7), new initial
- alignment
- procedures may be started on the same signalling link after a time\ T17 until
- the signalling link is restored or a manual intervention is made e.g.\ to
- replace the signalling data link or the signalling terminal.
- .PP
- If the signalling link test fails, the restoration procedure is
- repeated until the link is restored or a manual intervention made.
- .bp
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 12.2.3
- \fISignalling link deactivation\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- An active signalling link may be made inactive by means of a
- deactivation procedure, provided that no signalling traffic is carried
- on that signalling link. When a decision has been taken to deactivate a
- signalling link the signalling terminal of the signalling link is taken
- out of service.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 12.2.4
- \fILink set activation\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- A signalling link set not having any signalling links in service is started
- by means of a link set activation procedure. Two alternative link set activation
- procedures are defined:
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- link set normal activation,
- .LP
- \(em
- link set emergency restart.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 12.2.4.1
- \fILink set normal activation\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Link set normal activation is applicable when a link set is to be put into
- service for the first time (link set initial activation) or when a
- link set is to be restarted (link set normal restart); the latter is applicable
- for example in the case when:
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- all signalling links in a link set are faulty,
- .LP
- \(em
- a processor restart in a signalling point makes it necessary to re\(hyestablish
- a link set,
- .LP
- \(em
- a signalling point recognizes other irregularities concerning the interworking
- between the two signalling points,
- .LP
- provided that none of the above events create an emergency situation.
- .PP
- When link set normal activation is initiated, signalling link
- activation starts on as many signalling links as possible. (All signalling
- links
- in the link set are regarded as being inactive at the start of the procedure.)
- .PP
- The signalling link activation procedures are performed on each
- signalling link in parallel as specified in \(sc\ 12.2.1 until the signalling
- links are made active.
- .PP
- Signalling traffic may, however, commence when one signalling link is successfully
- activated.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 12.2.4.2
- \fILink set emergency restart\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Link set emergency restart is applicable when an immediate
- reestablishment of the signalling capability of a link set is required,
- (i.e.\ in a situation when the link set normal restart procedure is not fast
- enough). The precise criteria for initiating link set emergency restart
- instead of normal restart may vary between different applications of the
- signalling
- system. Possible situations for emergency restart are, for
- example:
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- when signalling traffic that may be conveyed over the link
- set to be restarted is blocked,
- .LP
- \(em
- when it is not possible to communicate with the signalling
- point at the remote end of the link set.
- .PP
- When link set emergency restart is initiated, signalling link
- activation starts on as many signalling links as possible, in accordance
- with the principles specified for normal link set activation. In this case,
- the
- signalling terminals will have emergency status (see Recommendation\ Q.703,
- \(sc\ 7) resulting in the sending of status indications of type \*QE\*U
- when applicable.
- Furthermore, the signalling terminals employ the emergency proving procedure
- and short time\(hyout values in order to accelerate the procedure.
- .PP
- When the emergency situation ceases, a transition from emergency to
- normal signalling terminal status takes place resulting in the employment of
- the normal proving procedure and normal time\(hyout values.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 12.2.4.3
- \fITime\(hyout values\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The initial alignment procedure (specified in Recommendation\ Q.703, \(sc\
- 7.3) includes time\(hyouts the expiry of which indicates the failure of
- an
- activation or restoration attempt.
- .bp
- .RT
- .LP
- 12.3
- \fISignalling link management procedures based on automatic\fR
- \fIallocation of signalling terminals\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 12.3.1
- \fISignalling link activation\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 12.3.1.1\ \ In the absence of failures a link set contains a certain
- predetermined number of active (i.e.\ aligned) signalling links. The link set
- may also contain a number of inactive signalling links.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- An inactive signalling link is a signalling link not in operation. A predetermined
- signalling data link is associated with each inactive
- signalling link; however, signalling terminals may not yet be allocated.
- .PP
- The number of active and inactive signalling links in the absence of failures,
- and the priority order for the signalling links in a link set, should be
- identical at both ends of the link set.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 12.3.1.2\ \ Whenever the number of active signalling links is below the
- value specified for the link set, actions to activate new inactive signalling
- links should be taken automatically. This is applicable, for example, when
- a link set is to be brought into service for the first time (see \(sc\
- 12.3.4) or when a link failure occurs. In the latter case, activation starts
- when the restoration
- attemps on the faulty link are considered unsuccessful (see \(sc\ 12.3.2).
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The signalling link(s) to activate is the inactive link(s) having the highest
- priority in the link set.
- .PP
- Generally, if it is not possible to activate a signalling link, an
- attempt to activate the next inactive signalling link (in priority order) is
- made. In the case when an activation attempt performed on the last signalling
- link in the link set is unsuccessful, the \*Qnext\*U signalling link is
- the first inactive signalling link in the link set (i.e.\ there is a cyclic
- assignment).
- .PP
- Activation of a signalling link may also be initiated manually.
- .PP
- Activation shall not be initiated automatically for a signalling link previously
- deactivated by means of a manual intervention.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 12.3.1.3\ \ When a decision is taken to activate a signalling link, the
- signalling terminal to be employed has to be allocated at each end.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The signalling terminal is allocated automatically by means of the function
- defined in \(sc\ 12.5.
- .PP
- In the case when the automatic allocation function cannot provide a
- signalling terminal the activation attempt is aborted.
- .PP
- The predetermined signalling data link which may be utilized for other
- purposes when not connected to a signalling terminal must be removed from
- its alternative use (e.g.\ as a speech circuit) before signalling link
- activation
- can start.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 12.3.1.4\ \ The chosen signalling terminal is then connected to the signalling
- data link and initial alignment starts (see Recommendation\ Q.703, \(sc\
- 7).
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- If the initial alignment procedure is successful, the signalling link is
- active and a signalling link test is started. If the signalling link
- test is successful the link becomes ready to convey signalling
- traffic.
- .PP
- If initial alignment is not possible, as determined at Message
- Transfer Part level\ 2 (see Recommendation\ Q.703, \(sc\ 7), the activation is
- unsuccessful and activation of the next inactive signalling link (if any)
- after a time\ T17 is initiated. Successive initial alignment attempts may,
- however,
- continue on the previous (faulty) signalling link after a time\ T17 until
- it is restored or its signalling terminal is disconnected (see \(sc\ 12.5).
- .PP
- In view of the fact that if it is not possible to activate a
- signalling link an attempt is made to activate the next inactive signalling
- link in a link set, it may be that the two ends of a link set continuously
- attempt to activate different signalling links. By having different values
- of initial alignment time out\ T2 at the two ends of the link set (see
- \(sc\ 12.3.4.3) it is ensured that eventually both ends of the link set
- will attempt to
- activate the same signalling link.
- .bp
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 12.3.2
- \fISignalling link restoration\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 12.3.2.1\ \ After a signalling link failure is recognized, signalling link
- initial alignment will take place (see Recommendation\ Q.703, \(sc\ 7).
- In the case when the initial alignment is successful, a signalling link
- test is started. If the signalling link test is successful the link becomes
- restored and thus
- available for signalling. If the initial alignment is unsuccessful or the
- test fails, the signalling terminals and signalling link may be faulty
- and require replacement.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 12.3.2.2\ \ The signalling terminal may be automatically replaced in
- accordance with the principles defined for automatic allocation of signalling
- terminals (see \(sc\ 12.5). After the new signalling terminal has been
- connected to the signalling data link, signalling link initial alignment
- starts. If
- successful, the signalling link is restored.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- If initial alignment is not possible or if no alternative
- signalling terminal is available for the faulty signalling link, activation
- of the next signalling link in the link set (if any) starts. In the case
- when it is not appropriate to replace the signalling terminal of the faulty
- signalling link (e.g.\ because it is assumed that the signalling data link
- is faulty)
- activation of the next inactive signalling link (if any) is also initiated.
- In both cases successive initial alignment attempts may continue on the
- faulty
- signalling link after a time\ T17 until a manual intervention is made or the
- signalling terminal is disconnected (see \(sc\ 12.5).
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ In the case when a signalling terminal cannot be replaced,
- activation of the next signalling link is only initiated if the link set
- includes an alternative link group having access to signalling terminals
- other than the one used by the signalling link for which restoration is
- not
- possible.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 12.3.3
- \fISignalling link deactivation\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- In the absence of failures a link set contains a specified number of active
- (i.e.\ aligned) signalling links. Whenever that number is exceeded
- (e.g.\ as a result of signalling link restoration), the active signalling
- link having the lowest priority in the link set is to be made inactive
- automatically provided that no signalling traffic is carried on that signalling
- link.
- .PP
- Deactivation of a particular signalling link may also be initiated
- manually, for example in conjunction with manual maintenance activities.
- .PP
- When a decision has been taken to deactivate a signalling link, the
- signalling terminal and signalling data link may be disconnected.
- .PP
- After deactivation, the idle signalling terminal may become part of
- other signalling links (see \(sc\ 12.5).
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 12.3.4
- \fILink set activation\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- A signalling link set not having any signalling links in service
- is started by means of a link set activation procedure. The objective of the
- procedure is to activate a specified number of signalling links for the link
- set. The activated signalling links should, if possible, be the signalling
- links having the highest priority in the link set. Two alternative link set
- activation procedures are defined:
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- link set normal activation,
- .LP
- \(em
- link set emergency restart.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 12.3.4.1
- \fILink set normal activation\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Link set normal activation is applicable when a link set is to be put into
- service for the first time (link set initial activation) or when a
- link set is to be restarted (link set normal restart); the latter is
- applicable, for example, in the case when:
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- all signalling links in a link set are faulty;
- .LP
- \(em
- a processor restart in a signalling point makes it necessary to re\(hyestablish
- a link set;
- .LP
- \(em
- a signalling point recognizes other irregularities concerning the interworking
- between the two signalling points, e.g.\ that a certain
- signalling data link is associated with different signalling links at the
- two ends of the link set;
- .LP
- provided that none of the above events create an emergency situation.
- .bp
- .PP
- When link set normal activation is initiated, signalling link
- activation starts on as many signalling links as possible. (All signalling
- links in the link set are regarded as being inactive at the start of the
- procedure). If activation cannot take place on all signalling links in
- the link set (e.g., because a sufficient number of signalling terminals
- is not
- available), then the signalling links to activate are determined in accordance
- with the link priority order.
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ All idle signalling terminals may not necessarily be made
- available for link set activation. Thus making possible, for example,
- restoration of faulty signalling links in other link sets at the same
- time.
- .PP
- The signalling link activation procedures are performed as specified in
- \(sc\ 12.3.1.
- .PP
- If the activation attempt for a signalling link is unsuccessful
- (i.e.\ initial alignment is not possible), activation of the next inactive
- signalling link, if any, in the priority order is initiated. (Inactive links
- exist in the case when the number of signalling terminals available is less
- than the number of signalling links defined for the link set). According
- to the principles for automatic allocation of signalling terminals defined
- in \(sc\ 12.5, the signalling terminal connected to the unsuccessfully
- activated signalling
- link will typically be connected to the signalling data link of that signalling
- link for which the new activation attempt is to be made.
- .PP
- When a signalling link is successfully activated, signalling traffic may
- commence.
- .PP
- After the successful activation of one signalling link, the activation
- attempts on the remaining signalling links continue in accordance with
- the
- principles defined in \(sc\ 12.3.1, in such a way that the signalling links
- having the highest priorities are made active. This is done in order to
- obtain, if
- possible, the normal configuration within the link set. Signalling link
- activation continues until the predetermined number of active signalling
- links is obtained.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 12.3.4.2
- \fILink set emergency restart\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Link set emergency restart is applicable in the case the link set normal
- restart procedure is not fast enough. Emergency restart is performed in
- the same way as link set normal activation except that, in the case of
- emergency restart, the emergency proving procedure and the short emergency
- time\(hyout values (see\ Recommendation\ Q.703, \(sc\ 7) are employed in
- order to
- accelerate the procedure (see further \(sc\ 12.2.4.2).
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 12.3.4.3
- \fITime\(hyout values\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The values of the initial alignment time\(hyout T2 (see
- Recommendation\ Q.703, \(sc\ 7) will be different at the two ends of the
- link set, if automatic allocation of signalling terminals or signalling
- data links is
- applied at both ends of a signalling link set.
- .RT
- .LP
- 12.4
- \fISignalling link management procedures based on automatic\fR
- \fIallocation of signalling data links and signalling terminals\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 12.4.1
- \fISignalling link activation\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 12.4.1.1\ \ In the absence of failures a link set contains a certain
- predetermined number of active (i.e.\ aligned) signalling links. The link set
- may also contain a number of inactive signalling links.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- An inactive signalling link is a signalling link currently not in operation.
- It is not associated with any signalling terminal or signalling data link
- (i.e.\ the signalling link is only identified by its position in the link
- set).
- .PP
- The number of active and inactive signalling links (in the absence of failures),
- and the priority order for the signalling links in a link set,
- should be identical at both ends of the link set.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 12.4.1.2\ \ Whenever the number of active signalling links is below the
- value specified for the link set, actions to activate new inactive signalling
- links should be taken automatically. This is, for example, applicable when
- a link set is to be brought into service for the first time (see \(sc\
- 12.4.4) or when a link failure occurs. In the latter case, activation starts
- when the restoration
- attempts on the faulty link are considered unsuccessful (see \(sc\ 12.4.2).
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The signalling link(s) to activate is the inactive link(s) having the highest
- priority in the link set.
- .bp
- .PP
- If it is not possible to activate a signalling link an attempt to
- activate the next inactive signalling link (in priority order) is made.
- In the case when an activation attempt performed on the last signalling
- link in the
- link set is unsuccessful, the \*Qnext\*U signalling link is the first inactive
- link in the link set (i.e.\ a cyclic assignment).
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ Activation of the next signalling link is only initiated
- if the link set includes an alternative link group, having access to other
- signalling terminals and/or other signalling data links than the signalling
- link for which activation is not possible.
- .PP
- Activation of a particular signalling link may also be initiated upon receiving
- a request from the remote signalling point, or by a manual request.
- .PP
- Activation shall not be initiated automatically for a signalling link previously
- inactivated by means of a manual intervention.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 12.4.1.3\ \ When a decision is taken to activate a signalling link, the
- signalling terminals and signalling data link to be employed have to be
- allocated.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- A signalling terminal is allocated automatically by means of the function
- defined in \(sc\ 12.5.
- .PP
- The signalling data link is allocated automatically by means of the
- function defined in \(sc\ 12.6. However, in conjunction with link set activation
- the identity of the signalling data link to use may be predetermined (see
- further \(sc\ 12.4.4). A signalling data link which is not connected to a
- signalling terminal may be utilized for other purposes, e.g.\ as a speech
- circuit. When the data link is to be employed for signalling, it must be
- removed from its alternative use.
- .PP
- In the case when the automatic allocation functions cannot provide a signalling
- terminal or a signalling data link, the activation attempt is
- aborted.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 12.4.1.4\ \ When the signalling data link and signalling terminal to be
- used for a particular signalling link are determined, the signalling terminal
- is
- connected to the signalling data link and signalling link initial alignment
- starts (see Recommendation\ Q.703, \(sc\ 7). If the initial alignment procedure
- is successful, the signalling link is active and a signalling link test
- is
- started. If the signalling link test is successful the link becomes ready to
- convey signalling traffic.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- If initial alignment is not possible, as determined at Message
- Transfer Part level\ 2 (see Recommendation\ Q.703, \(sc\ 7), alternative
- signalling data links are automatically connected to the signalling terminal,
- until an
- initial alignment procedure is successfully completed. In the case when the
- function for automatic allocation of signalling data links cannot provide an
- alternative signalling data link, the activation is regarded as unsuccessful
- and activation of the next inactive signalling link (if any) is initiated
- (see, however, the Note to \(sc\ 12.4.1.2 above). Successive initial alignment
- attempts may continue on the previous signalling link after a time\ T17
- until it is
- activated or its signalling terminal is disconnected (see \(sc\ 12.5).
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 12.4.2
- \fISignalling link restoration\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 12.4.2.1\ \ After a signalling link failure is recognized, signalling link
- initial alignment will take place (see Recommendation\ Q.703, \(sc\ 7).
- In the case when the initial alignment is successful, a signalling link
- test is started. If the signalling link test is successful the link becomes
- restored and thus
- available for signalling.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- If the initial alignment is unsuccessful or if the test fails the signalling
- terminal and signalling data link may be faulty and require
- replacement.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 12.4.2.2\ \ The signalling data link may be automatically replaced by an
- alternative, in accordance with the principles defined in \(sc\ 12.6. After
- the new signalling data link has been connected to the signalling terminal,
- signalling link initial alignment starts. If successful, the signalling
- link is restored. If not, alternative data links are connected to the signalling
- terminal, until an initial alignment procedure is successfully completed.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- If the automatic allocation function cannot provide a new
- signalling data link, activation of the next inactive signalling link (if
- any) is initiated (see, however, the Note to \(sc\ 12.4.1.2). Successive
- initial
- alignment attempts may, however, continue on the previous (faulty) signalling
- link after a time\ T17 until it is restored or its signalling terminal
- is
- disconnected.
- .bp
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 12.4.2.3\ \ The signalling terminal may be automatically replaced in
- accordance with the principles defined in \(sc\ 12.5. After the new signalling
- terminal has been connected to the signalling data link, signalling link
- initial alignment starts. If successful, the signalling link is restored. If
- not, activation of the next signalling link in the link set (if any) starts
- (see, however, the Note to \(sc\ 12.4.1.2).
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Successive initial alignment attempts may, however, continue on
- the previous (faulty) signalling link after a time\ T17 until it is restored
- or, for example, the signalling terminal or signalling data link is disconnected.
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ Activation of the next signalling link in the link set
- should not be initiated as long as one of the activities described in
- \(sc\(sc\ 12.4.2.2 and\ 12.4.2.3 above is taking place.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 12.4.3
- \fISignalling link deactivation\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- In the absence of failures, a link set contains a specified number of active
- (i.e.\ aligned) signalling links. Whenever that number is exceeded
- (e.g.\ as a result of signalling link restoration) the active signalling link
- having the lowest priority in the link set is to be made inactive
- automatically, provided that no signalling traffic is carried on that
- signalling link.
- .PP
- Deactivation of a particular signalling link may also be initiated
- manually, e.g.\ in conjunction with manual maintenance activities.
- .PP
- When a decision has been taken to deactivate a signalling link, the
- signalling terminal and signalling data link may be disconnected. After
- deactivation the idle signalling terminal and signalling data link may
- become parts of other signalling links (see \(sc\(sc\ 12.5 and\ 12.6).
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 12.4.4
- \fILink set activation\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Link set activation is applicable in the case when a link set not having
- any signalling links in service is to be started for the first time or
- after a failure (see \(sc\ 12.3.4). The link set activation procedure is
- performed as specified in \(sc\ 12.3.4, also as regards the allocation
- of signalling data
- links, i.e.\ signalling data links are allocated in accordance with
- predetermined list assigning a signalling data link to some or all of the
- signalling links in the link set. This is done in order to cater for the
- situation when it is not possible to communicate with the remote end of the
- link set (see\ \(sc\ 12.6). However, when a signalling link has become active,
- signalling data link allocation may again be performed automatically
- (i.e.\ activation of a signalling link takes place as specified in
- \(sc\ 12.4.1).
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 12.5
- \fIAutomatic allocation of signalling terminals\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- In conjunction with the signalling link activation and restoration procedures
- specified in \(sc\(sc\ 12.3 and\ 12.4, signalling terminals may be allocated
- automatically to a signalling link. A signalling terminal applicable to
- the
- link group is allocated in accordance with the following principles:
- .RT
- .LP
- a)
- an idle signalling terminal (i.e. a signalling terminal not connected
- to a signalling data link) is chosen if possible;
- .LP
- b)
- if no idle signalling terminal is available, a signalling
- terminal is chosen which is connected to an unsuccessfully restored or
- activated signalling link.
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ Activation and restoration is regarded as unsuccessful
- when it is not possible to complete the initial alignment procedure
- successfully (see \(sc\(sc\ 12.3 and\ 12.4).
- .PP
- Measures should be employed to ensure that signalling terminal to be allocated
- to signalling links are able to function correctly (see
- Recommendation\ Q.707).
- .PP
- A link set may by assigned a certain number of signalling terminals. A
- signalling terminal may be transferred from a signalling link in one link
- set to a signalling link in another set [in accordance with\ b) above]
- only when the remaining number of signalling terminals in the link set
- is not below the
- specified value.
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ From a link set with a minimum number of signalling
- terminals, only one signalling terminal and signalling data link may be
- removed at a time (e.g.\ for testing, see Recommendation\ Q.707).
- .bp
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 12.6
- \fIAutomatic allocation of signalling data links\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 12.6.1
- In conjunction with the signalling link activation and
- restoration procedures specified in \(sc\ 12.4, signalling data links may be
- allocated automatically. Any signalling data link applicable to a link group
- may be chosen for a signalling link within that link group.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The signalling data links applicable to a link group are
- determined by bilateral agreement and may, for example, include all speech
- circuits between two exchanges. A signalling data link may also be established
- as a semipermanent connection via one or more intermediate exchanges.
- .PP
- When a potential signalling data link is not employed for signalling, it
- is normally used for other purposes (e.g.\ as a speech circuit).
- .PP
- The identity of the signalling data link to be used for a particular signalling
- link is determined at one of the two involved signalling points and reported
- to the remote end by a signalling data link connection order message. The
- signalling point controlling the choice of signalling data link is the
- signalling point initiating the activation or restoration procedure or,
- in the case when both ends initiate the procedure at the same time, the
- signalling
- point having the highest signalling point code (included in the label of the
- message).
- .RT
- .PP
- 12.6.2
- When a signalling data link has been chosen at a signalling
- point, the data link is made unavailable for other uses (e.g.\ as a speech
- circuit) and an order to connect the appointed signalling data link to a
- signalling terminal is sent to the signalling point at the remote end of the
- signalling link.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The signalling\(hydata\(hylink\(hyconnection\(hyorder message contains:
- .LP
- \(em
- the label, indicating the destination and originating
- signalling points and the identity of the signalling link to activate or
- restore;
- .LP
- \(em
- the signalling\(hydata\(hylink\(hyconnection\(hyorder;
- .LP
- \(em
- the identity of the signalling data link.
- .PP
- Formats and codes for the signalling\(hydata\(hylink\(hyconnection\(hyorder
- message appear in \(sc\ 15.
- .PP
- 12.6.3
- Upon reception of the signalling\(hydata\(hylink\(hyconnection\(hyorder,
- the following applies:
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- a)
- In the case when the signalling link to which a received
- signalling\(hydata\(hylink\(hyconnection\(hyorder message refers is inactive
- as seen from the receiving signalling point, the message is regarded as
- an order to activate the concerned signalling link, resulting in, for example,
- allocation of a
- signalling terminal. The signalling data link indicated in the
- signalling\(hydata\(hylink\(hyconnection\(hyorder is then connected to
- the associated
- signalling terminal and signalling link initial alignment starts. An
- acknowledgement is sent to the remote signalling point.
- .LP
- If it is not possible to connect the appointed signalling
- data link to a signalling terminal (e.g.\ because there is no working signalling
- terminal available), the acknowledgement contains an indication informing
- the remote signalling point whether or not an alternative signalling data
- link
- should be allocated to the concerned signalling link.
- .LP
- b)
- If the signalling point receives a
- signalling\(hydata\(hylink\(hyconnection\(hyorder when waiting for an acknowledgement,
- the order is disregarded in the case when the signalling point code of
- the
- receiving signalling point is higher than the signalling point code of the
- remote signalling point. If the remote signalling point has the higher
- signalling point code, the message is acknowledged and the signalling data
- link referred to in the received message is connected.
- .LP
- c)
- If a signalling\(hydata\(hylink\(hyconnection\(hyorder is received in
- other situations (e.g.\ in the case of an error in procedure), no actions are
- taken.
- .PP
- The signalling\(hydata\(hylink\(hyconnection\(hyacknowledgement contains
- the label, indicating the destination and originating signalling points
- and the identity of the signalling link to activate or restore, and one
- of the
- following signals:
- .LP
- \(em
- connection\(hysuccessful signal, indicating that the
- signalling data link has been connected to a signalling terminal;
- .LP
- \(em
- connection\(hynot\(hysuccessful signal, indicating that it was not possible
- to connect the signalling data link to a signalling terminal, and that
- an alternative signalling data link should be allocated;
- .LP
- \(em
- connection\(hynot\(hypossible signal, indicating that it was not
- possible to connect the signalling data link to a signalling terminal,
- and that no alternative signalling data link should be allocated.
- .bp
- .PP
- The formats and codes for the signalling data link connection
- acknowledgement message appear in\ \(sc\ 15.
- .PP
- 12.6.4
- When the signalling point initiating the procedure receives a
- message indicating that signalling data link and signalling terminal have
- been connected at the remote end, the signalling data link is connected
- to the
- associated signalling terminal and initial alignment starts (see \(sc\ 12.4).
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- If the acknowledgement indicates that it was not possible to
- connect the signalling data link to a signalling terminal at the remote
- end, an alternative signalling data link is allocated and a new
- signalling\(hydata\(hylink\(hyconnection\(hyorder is sent (as specified
- above). However, if the acknowledgement indicates that no alternative signalling
- data link should be allocated, the activation or restoration procedure
- is terminated for the
- concerned signalling link.
- .PP
- If no signalling\(hydata\(hylink\(hyconnection\(hyacknowledgement or order is
- received from the remote signalling point within a time\ T7 (see \(sc\ 16), the
- signalling\(hydata\(hylink\(hyconnection\(hyorder is repeated.
- .RT
- .PP
- 12.6.5
- When a signalling data link is disconnected in conjunction with signalling
- link restoration or deactivation, the signalling data link is made idle
- (and available, e.g.\ as a speech circuit).
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 12.7
- \fIDifferent signalling link management procedures at the two ends of\fR
- \fIa link set\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Normally both ends of a link set will use the same signalling link management
- procedures.
- .PP
- However, if one end uses the basic signalling link management
- procedures, the other end may use the signalling link management procedures
- based on automatic allocation of signalling terminals. In that case a
- signalling link includes a predetermined signalling terminal at one end, a
- predetermined signalling data link and at the other end, any of the signalling
- terminals applicable to the concerned link group.
- .PP
- If one end of a link set uses the basic signalling link management
- procedures and the other end uses the signalling link management procedures
- based on automatic allocation of signalling terminals, the values of the
- initial alignment time\(hyout\ T2 do not have to be different at the two
- ends of
- the link set.
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 25P
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fBMONTAGE: \(sc 13 SUR LE RESTE DE CETTE PAGE\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
-