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- .rs
- .\" Troff code generated by TPS Convert from ITU Original Files
- .\" Not Copyright ( c) 1991
- .\"
- .\" Assumes tbl, eqn, MS macros, and lots of luck.
- .TA 1c 2c 3c 4c 5c 6c 7c 8c
- .ds CH
- .ds CF
- .EQ
- delim @@
- .EN
- .nr LL 40.5P
- .nr ll 40.5P
- .nr HM 3P
- .nr FM 6P
- .nr PO 4P
- .nr PD 9p
- .po 4P
-
- .rs
- \v | 5i'
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \v'12P'
- \s12PART\ I
- \v'4P'
- .RT
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fBRecommendations Q.310 to Q.331\fR \v'2P'
- .EF '% \ \ \ ^''
- .OF ''' \ \ \ ^ %'
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fBSPECIFICATIONS\ OF\ SIGNALLING\ SYSTEM\ R1\fR
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 30P
- .LP
- .bp
- .LP
- \fBMONTAGE:\fR PAGE 2 = PAGE BLANCHE
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \v'6P'
- \s10\fBSIGNALLING\ SYSTEM\ R1\fR \s9\v'3P'
- .RT
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- INTRODUCTION
- .EF '% Fascicle\ VI.4\ \(em\ System\ R1''
- .OF '''Fascicle\ VI.4\ \(em\ System\ R1 %'
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fBPRINCIPLES\ OF\ SIGNALLING\ SYSTEM\ R1\fR
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fIGeneral\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- The development of new exchanges, especially those utilizing
- stored programme control
- , has introduced new concepts in the division of functions between various
- components of signalling and switching systems. To allow the maximum freedom
- in incorporating new concepts which can contribute to the overall economy
- and efficiency of the system, the requirements as covered in this specification
- are for the combination of equipments necessary to
- .PP
- provide a function. For example, the requirements for line signal receiving
- equipment as given here may be met by various subdivisions of functions
- between signal receiver, trunk relay sets and stored programme control.
- .PP
- System\ R1 may be applied for automatic and semi\(hyautomatic operation
- of one\(hyway and both\(hyway circuits, within an international region
- (world
- numbering zone). When utilized in an
- integrated world numbering zone
- (e.g.\ Zone\ 1) the numbering and routing plans and operating facilities
- of that zone should apply.
- .PP
- The system is applicable to all types of circuits (except\ TASI derived
- circuits)
- .FS
- Register signalling can be made compatible with TASI by providing a TASI
- locking tone.
- .FE
- meeting CCITT transmission standards, including
- satellite circuits.
- .PP
- The signalling equipment used in System\ R1 consists of two
- parts:
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIa)\fR line signalling for line or supervisory signals; and
- .LP
- \fIb)\fR register signalling for address signals.
- .LP
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- a)
- \fILine signalling\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 1)
- \fI2600 Hz signalling\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Continuous tone type in\(hyband line\(hysignalling
- is used for
- the link\(hyby\(hylink transmission of all supervisory signals except the
- ring\(hyforward (forward\(hytransfer) signal which is a spurt signal. A single
- frequency, 2600\ Hz, is used in each direction of the 4\(hywire transmission
- path, the presence or absence of this frequency indicates a specific signal
- dependent upon when it occurs in the signalling sequence and in certain
- cases upon its
- duration. When the circuit is idle, a low level signalling tone is continuously
- present in both directions.
- .RT
- .LP
- .sp 3
- .bp
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2)
- \fIPCM signalling\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The 2600\ Hz line signalling described in 1) is not normally applied to
- the speech paths of circuits working on PCM\ systems unless the PCM\ channels
- are connected in cascade with analogue channels to form a circuit. The
- signalling on PCM\ systems in the North American region is channel associated,
- in\(hyslot, providing two signalling channels per speech channel, and utilizing
- bit stealing of the eighth bit of each channel every sixth frame.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- b)
- \fIRegister signalling\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- See in Fascicle VI.2, Recommendation Q.151, Note to \(sc\ 3.1.1 for an
- explanation of these terms.
- .FE
- Link\(hyby\(hylink multifrequency (MF) in\(hyband pulse signalling
- is used for the transmission of address information. The signalling frequencies
- are 700\ Hz to 1700\ Hz, in 200\ Hz steps, and combinations of two, and
- two only, determine the signal. The address information is preceded by
- a KP\ signal
- .PP
- (start\(hyof\(hypulsing) and terminated by an ST\ signal (end\(hyof\(hypulsing).
- Either \fIen\fR \fIbloc\fR , or \fIen bloc\fR overlap
- , or overlap sending may apply.
- This register signalling arrangement is used extensively with other in\(hyband
- and out\(hyband line signalling systems.
- .PP
- Compandors may affect signalling, particularly short pulse compound
- register signals, due to pulse length distortion and the production of
- intermodulation frequencies. By virtue of the link\(hyby\(hylink signalling
- and the adopted duration of register and line signal pulses, System\ R1
- functions
- correctly in the presence of compandors designed in accordance with CCITT
- recommendations.
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 28P
- .LP
- .bp
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \v'3P'
- SECTION\ 1
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fBDEFINITION\ AND\ FUNCTION\ OF\ SIGNALS\fR
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fBRecommendation\ Q.310\fR
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fB1.\ DEFINITION\ AND\ FUNCTION\ OF\ SIGNALS\fR
- .FS
- In this part the
- North American designation for line signals is used. The designation of the
- signal in System\ No.\ 5 which most nearly corresponds to a particular North
- American signal is shown in parentheses. There is not always exact
- correspondence in function, e.g.\ the ring\(hyforward signal can only be
- effective when a connection has been established through an incoming
- operator.
- .FE
- .EF '% Fascicle\ VI.4\ \(em\ Rec.\ Q.310''
- .OF '''Fascicle\ VI.4\ \(em\ Rec.\ Q.310 %'
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 1.1
- \fBconnect (seizing) signal\fR (sent in the forward direction)
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- This line signal is transmitted at the beginning of a call to
- initiate circuit operation at the incoming end of the circuit to busy the
- circuit and to seize equipment for switching the call.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 1.2
- \fBdelay\(hydialling signal\fR (sent in the backward direction)
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- This line signal is transmitted by the incoming exchange following the
- recognition of the connect (seizing) signal to verify receipt of the
- connect (seizing) signal and to indicate that the incoming register equipment
- is not yet attached or ready to receive address signals.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 1.3
- \fBstart\(hydialling (proceed\(hyto\(hysend) signal\fR (sent in the backward
- direction)
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- This line signal is sent from the incoming exchange subsequent to the sending
- of a delay\(hydialling signal to indicate that the incoming register equipment
- has been connected and is ready to receive address signals.
- .RT
- .LP
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 1.4
- \fBKP (start\(hyof\(hypulsing) signal\fR (sent in the forward direction)
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- This register signal is sent subsequent to the recognition of a
- start\(hydialling signal and is used to prepare the incoming multifrequency
- register for the receipt of subsequent interregister signals.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 1.5
- \fBaddress signal\fR (sent in the forward direction)
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- This register signal is sent to indicate one decimal element of
- information (digit\ 1,\ 2,\ . | | ,\ 9 or\ 0) about the called party's
- number. For
- each call a succession of address signals is sent.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 1.6
- \fBST (end\(hyof\(hypulsing) signal\fR (sent in the forward direction)
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- This register signal is sent to indicate that there are no more
- address signals to follow. The signal is always sent in semi\(hyautomatic
- as well as automatic working.
- .RT
- .LP
- .sp 2
- .bp
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- Notes on the answer and hang\(hyup (clear\(hyback) signals.\ \(em\ See
- corresponding notes in Recommendation\ Q.120, \(sc\ 1.8, Volume\ VI\(hy2 of the
- \fIGreen Book\fR .
- .FE
- 1.7
- \fBanswer signal\fR (sent in the backward direction)
- ,
- .FS
- See Recommendation Q.27 for the actions to be taken to assure that answer
- signals, both national and international, are transmitted as quickly as
- possible.
- .FE
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- This line signal is sent to the outgoing exchange to indicate that the
- called party has answered.
- .PP
- In semi\(hyautomatic working, the signal has a supervisory function.
- .PP
- In automatic working, it is used:
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- to start metering the charge to the calling subscriber;
- .LP
- \(em
- to start the measurement of call duration for international accounting
- purposes, if this is desired.
- .LP
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 1.8
- \fBhang\(hyup (clear\(hyback) signal\fR (sent in the backward
- direction)
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- This line signal is sent to the outgoing exchange to indicate that the
- called party has cleared. In the semi\(hyautomatic service it performs
- a
- supervisory function.
- .PP
- In automatic working, arrangements are made to clear the connection, stop
- the charging, and stop the measurement of call duration if within\ 10 to
- 120\ seconds
- .FS
- In word numbering Zone\ 1, 13 to 32\ seconds is used.
- .FE
- after recognition of the hang\(hyup signal, the calling subscriber has
- not cleared.
- Clearing of the connection should preferably be controlled from the point
- where the charging is carried out.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 1.9
- \fBring\(hyforward (forward\(hytransfer) signal\fR (sent in the forward
- direction)
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- This line signal is initiated by an operator to recall an operator at a
- point further ahead in the connection.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 1.10
- \fBdisconnect (clear\(hyforward) signal\fR (sent in the forward
- direction)
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- .PP
- This line signal is sent in the forward direction at the end of a call when:
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIa)\fR in semi\(hyautomatic working, the operator at the outgoing
- exchange withdraws the plug from the jack, or when an equivalent
- operation is performed;
- .LP
- \fIb)\fR in automatic working, the calling party hangs up, or when the
- time\(hyout period of\ 10 to 120\ seconds as discussed in \(sc\ 1.8\ above
- occurs.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 1.11
- \fIDiagrams showing signal sequence\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Typical sequences of signals in semi\(hyautomatic and automatic
- working are shown in Annex\ A to these Specifications of Signalling
- System\ R1.
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 13P
- .LP
- .bp
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \v'3P'
- SECTION\ 2
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fBLINE\ SIGNALLING\fR
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fBRecommendation\ Q.311\fR
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- .EF '% Fascicle\ VI.4\ \(em\ Rec.\ Q.311''
- .OF '''Fascicle\ VI.4\ \(em\ Rec.\ Q.311 %'
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fB2.1\ 2600\ Hz\ LINE\ SIGNALLING\fR
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .PP
- The line\(hysignal coding arrangement is based on the application and removal
- of a
- single frequency tone (2600\ Hz)
- as shown in
- Table\ 1/Q.311.
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 33P
- .ad r
- \fBTable [1/Q.311], p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .PP
- By taking advantage of the fixed order of occurrence of specific
- signals, both tone\(hyon and tone\(hyoff signals are used to indicate more
- than one signal condition. For example, in the backward direction tone\(hyon
- is used to
- indicate start\(hydialling (proceed\(hyto\(hysend), and terminating end
- hang\(hyup
- (clear\(hyback) signals without conflict. The equipment must retain memory
- of the preceding signal states and the direction of signals in order to
- differentiate between tone\(hyon and tone\(hyoff signals.
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fBRecommendation\ Q.312\fR
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fB2.2\ \fR \fB2600\ Hz\ LINE\ SIGNAL\ SENDER\fR
- .FS
- See also
- Recommendation\ Q.112.
- .FE
- \fB\ (TRANSMITTER)\fR
- .EF '% Fascicle\ VI.4\ \(em\ Rec.\ Q.312''
- .OF '''Fascicle\ VI.4\ \(em\ Rec.\ Q.312 %'
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 2.2.1
- \fISignal frequency\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 2600\ \(+-\ 5\ Hz.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.2.2
- \fITransmitted signal level of tone\(hyon signals\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- \(em8\ \(+-\ 1\ dBm0 for the duration of the signal or for a minimum of
- 300\ ms (whichever is shorter) and for a maximum of 550\ ms after which
- the level of the signal shall be reduced to \(em20\ \(+-\ 1\ dBm0.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.2.3
- \fITransmitted signal durations\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The transmitted signal durations are shown in Table\ 1/Q.311.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.2.4
- \fISignal frequency leak\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The level of signal frequency leak power transmitted to the line
- should not exceed \(em70\ dBm0, during the tone\(hyoff condition.
- .RT
- .LP
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.2.5
- \fIExtraneous frequency components\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The total power of extraneous frequency components accompanying a tone
- signal should be at least 35\ dB below the fundamental signal power.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.2.6
- \fITransmitting line split\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The following splitting arrangements are required when transmitting line
- signals to prevent incorrect operation of the receiving equipment due to
- transients caused by the opening or closing of direct current circuits
- in the exchange at the transmitting end:
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIa)\fR when a tone\(hyon signal is to be transmitted, the speech
- path from the exchange shall be split (disconnected), if not
- already split, within an interval from 20\ ms before, to
- 5\ ms
- .FS
- The 5\ ms may be relaxed to 15\ ms if tone is applied
- while tone is being received.
- .FE
- after tone is applied to
- the line, and remain split for a minimum of 350\ ms and a maximum
- of 750\ ms;
- .LP
- \fIb)\fR when a tone\(hyoff signal is to be transmitted, the speech
- path from the exchange shall be split (disconnected), if not
- already split, within an interval from 20\ ms before to 5\ ms
- after tone is removed from the line, and remain split for a
- minimum of 75\ ms and a maximum of 160\ ms after the tone is
- removed;
- .LP
- \fIc)\fR when the signalling equipment is receiving and sending
- tones simultaneously the split shall be maintained until:
- .LP
- i)
- the transmitted tone is terminated, in which case
- the split must be removed in the interval from\ 75 to
- 160\ ms after tone is removed [as in\ \fIb)\fR ]; or
- .LP
- ii)
- the incoming tone ceases, in which case the split must be removed in
- the interval from\ 350 to 750\ ms after
- tone ceases;
- .LP
- \fR \fId)\fR when the signalling equipment is sending tone, a split
- shall be introduced, if not already split, within 250\ ms of receipt of
- an incoming tone.
- .PP
- The above requirements given in \fIa)\fR , \fIb)\fR , \fIc)\fR and\ \fId)\fR
- establish a transmitting path split at both ends of the circuit during
- the idle condition.
- .bp
- .LP
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fBRecommendation\ Q.313\fR
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fB2.3\ 2600\ Hz\ LINE\ SIGNAL\ RECEIVING\ EQUIPMENT\fR
- .FS
- See also
- Recommendation\ Q.112.
- .FE
- .EF '% Fascicle\ VI.4\ \(em\ Rec.\ Q.313''
- .OF '''Fascicle\ VI.4\ \(em\ Rec.\ Q.313 %'
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 2.3.1
- \fIOperate limits (tone\(hyon signals)\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- The receiving equipment shall operate on a received tone signal, in the
- presence of the maximum noise expected on an international circuit,
- \(em40\ dBm0 uniform spectral energy over the range of\ 300 to 3400\ Hz,
- that meets the conditions listed below:
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIa)\fR 2600\ \(+-\ 15\ Hz;
- .LP
- \fIb)\fR to ensure proper operation in the presence of noise, the signal
- level of the initial portion of each tone\(hyon signal shall be
- augmented by 12\ dB (see \(sc\ 2.2.2).
- .LP
- .PP
- As a result, the following requirement reflects both the augmented and
- steady\(hystate signal levels. The absolute power level\ \fIN\fR of each
- signal is within the limits (\(em27\ +\ \fIn\fR \ \(=\ \fIN\fR \ \(=\ \(em1\
- +\ \fIn\fR )\ dBm where\ \fIn\fR is the
- relative power level at the input to the receiving equipment. The minimum
- absolute power level \fIN\fR \ =\ (\(em27\ +\ \fIn\fR ) gives a margin
- of 7\ dB on the
- steady\(hystate nominal absolute power level of the received signal at
- the input to the receiving equipment. With augmentation the effective margin
- is increased from\ 7 to 19\ dB.
- .PP
- The maximum absolute power level\ \fIN\fR \ =\ (\(em1\ +\ \fIn\fR ) gives
- a margin of 7\ dB on the augmented nominal absolute power level of the
- received signal at the input to the receiving equipment.
- .PP
- The above tolerances are to allow for variations at the sending end
- and variations in line transmission.
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ Since higher steady noise as well as impulsive noise
- may be encountered on intra\(hyregional circuits especially over certain
- compandored
- carrier systems, the maximum expected noise within a region must be taken
- into account in the design of equipment for that region.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 2.3.2
- \fINon\(hyoperate limits\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 1)
- The receiving equipment shall neither operate on signals
- originating from subscriber stations (or other sources) if the total power
- in the band from 800\ Hz to 2450\ Hz equals or exceeds the total power
- present at
- the same time in the band from 2450\ Hz to 2750\ Hz, as measured at the
- station, nor degrade these signals. Allowances shall be made in the receiving
- equipment design to accomodate expected deviations from these values due
- to attenuation distortion and carrier frequency shift on the total transmission
- path between the station and the receiving equipment.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 2)
- The receiving equipment shall not operate on any tone or signal whose absolute
- power level at the point of connection of the receiving
- equipment is (\(em17\ \(em20\ +\ \fIn\fR )\ dBm or less, \fIn\fR \ being
- the relative power
- level at this point.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 2.3.3
- \fIRecognition of signals\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 1)
- System\ R1 must be protected against false signal recognition
- caused by:
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIa)\fR signal simulation of tone\(hyon or tone\(hyoff signals by speech
- or other signals;
- .LP
- \fIb)\fR signal simulation of tone\(hyoff signals by momentary
- interruptions of the transmission path.
- .PP
- The method of providing this protection is left to each
- Administration concerned to allow for maximum flexibility in the implementation
- of the signalling and switching system design. However, the overall system
- requirements given in\ 2) and\ 3) below shall be met.
- .LP
- .sp 1
- .bp
- .PP
- 2)
- The following requirements for signal recognition are specified
- in terms of signal duration at the input to the signal receiving equipment
- and further assumes that signal levels, frequency and accompanying noise
- are within the limits specified in \(sc\ 2.3.1:
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fR
- \fIa)\fR A
- tone\(hyon signal
- lasting 30\ ms or less must be
- rejected; that is, it must not be recognized as a signal.
- .LP
- \fIb)\fR A tone\(hyoff signal lasting 40\ ms or less must be rejected
- if the previous tone\(hyon signal is 350\ ms or longer; that is, it
- must not be recognized as a signal.
- .LP
- \fIc)\fR Subsequent to establishing the cross office path, a
- tone\(hyon ring\(hyforward (forward\(hytransfer) spurt signal
- lasting
- between\ 65 and 135\ ms must be recognized as a valid signal.
- .LP
- \fId)\fR A tone\(hyon forward signal lasting 300\ ms or longer
- must be recognized as a valid disconnect (clear\(hyforward) signal.
- Prior to attaching a register, a forward tone\(hyon signal lasting
- 30\ ms or longer may be recognized as a valid disconnect
- (clear\(hyforward) signal.
- .LP
- \fIe)\fR To protect against a momentary interruption in the
- transmission facility causing a continuous succession of false
- connect (seizing) and disconnect (clear\(hyforward) signals,
- .LP
- the incoming equipment should be arranged to delay responding to
- the second of two closely spaced connect (seizing) signals. The
- timed delay introduced should be started at the end of initial
- connect (seizing) signal or on recognition of the disconnect
- (clear\(hyforward) signal. The delay introduced should be a
- function of the round trip signalling time. For satellite
- circuits the recommended time is 1300\ \(+-\ 100\ ms. For terrestrial
- circuits the recommended time is 500\ \(+-\ 100\ ms. If the second
- connect (seizing) signal persists beyond this timed interval,
- the signal should be considered valid and a delay dialling
- signal returned.
- .LP
- \fIf\fR \fI)\fR Other tone\(hyon and
- tone\(hyoff signals
- should be recognized as valid signals, subsequent to the minimum limits
- imposed by\ \fIa)\fR and\ \fIb)\fR above, as soon as possible.
- .LP
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ Delays introduced by line signalling equipment should
- be held to a minimum consistent with the requirements covered herein to
- minimize signal transfer times. Minimizing the delay is especially important
- in the case of the answer signal and in the case of satellite circuit operation.
- In this
- latter case, if a hang\(hyup (clear\(hyback) signal has not been sent prior to
- recognition of a disconnect (clear\(hyforward) signal, it is necessary that the
- idle tone\(hyon signal, sent by the incoming exchange in response to the
- disconnect signal, be recognized by the outgoing exchange prior to the
- elapse of the guard timing specified in Recommendation\ Q.317, \(sc\ 2.7.1.
- .PP
- 3)
- The following signal simulation rates shall not be
- exceeded.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- In the case when no answer signal is transmitted (non\(hycharged
- calls), the simulation rates specified in \(sc\(sc\ 3\ \fIa)\fR and\ 3\
- \fIb)\fR may, in some
- existing designs, be somewhat in excess of the values quoted.
- .FE
- .LP
- \fIa)\fR On the average not more than one false recognition of a
- disconnect (clear\(hyforward) signal shall occur per\ 1500\ call hours
- of speech, at the \fIminimum\fR disconnect recognition time, as selected
- according to \(sc\ 2.3.3,
- 2)\ \fIc)\fR and\ \fId)\fR . (In some older designs, this requirement may
- not be met, but for these cases the call hours figure must not be less
- than 500
- call
- hours.)
- .LP
- \fIb)\fR On the average, not more than one false ring\(hyforward
- (forward\(hytransfer) signal shall occur per\ 70
- call hours of
- speech, at the \fIminimum\fR ring\(hyforward recognition time.
- .LP
- \fIc)\fR Speech or other electrical signals as audible\(hytone
- signals, with levels up to\ +10\ dBm0 shall not cause any false
- simulation of answer signals.
- .LP
- \fId)\fR The number and characteristics of false splits of the
- speech path caused by speech or other signals shall not cause a
- noticeable reduction in the transmission quality of the circuit.
- .LP
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.3.4
- \fIReceiving line split\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- To prevent line signals of the signalling system from causing
- disturbances to signalling systems on subsequent circuits, the receiving
- transmission path to the connected exchange should be split when the signal
- frequency is received to ensure that no portion of any signal exceeding
- 20\ ms duration may pass out of the circuit. The use of a band\(hystop
- filter for
- splitting is necessary since in the case of non\(hycharged calls a continuous
- signal tone persists in the return transmission path during conversation.
- The level of signal leak current transmitted to the subsequent circuit
- with the
- band\(hystop filter inserted
- .bp
- .PP
- should be at least 35\ dB below the received signal
- level. In addition, the band\(hystop filter must not introduce more than 5\ dB
- loss at frequencies 200\ Hz or more above or below the midband frequency nor
- more than 0.5\ dB loss at frequencies 400\ Hz or more above or below the
- midband frequency.
- .PP
- \fR The receiving line split must be maintained for the duration of the
- incoming tone signal, but must cease within 300\ ms of tone removal.
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ In some existing designs, the initial cut may be a physical
- line disconnection but the filter must be inserted within 100\ ms of tone
- reception.
- \v'2P'
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fBRecommendation\ Q.314\fR
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fB2.4\ \fR \fBPCM\ LINE\ SIGNALLING\fR
- .EF '% Fascicle\ VI.4\ \(em\ Rec.\ Q.314''
- .OF '''Fascicle\ VI.4\ \(em\ Rec.\ Q.314 %'
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .PP
- Individual channel line signalling is provided in the format of the CCITT
- primary multiplex operating at 1544\ kbit/s (Recommendation\ G.733). Designated
- signalling bits are marked\ 0 or\ 1 corresponding to tone\(hyon,
- tone\(hyoff in the single frequency in\(hyband arrangement as shown in
- Table\ 1/Q.311. As in the in\(hyband system, the same signalling state
- is
- used to indicate more than one signal by taking advantage of the fixed order
- of occurrence of specific signals. The equipment must retain memory of the
- preceding signal states and the direction of signals in order to differentiate
- between like state\ 0 and state\ 1\ signals.
- \v'2P'
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fBRecommendation\ Q.315\fR
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- .EF '% Fascicle\ VI.4\ \(em\ Rec.\ Q.315''
- .OF '''Fascicle\ VI.4\ \(em\ Rec.\ Q.315 %'
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fB2.5\ \fR \fBPCM\ LINE\ SIGNAL\ SENDER\fR \fB\ (TRANSMITTER)\fR
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 2.5.1
- \fISignalling format\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- The primary multiplex format is shown in Figure\ 1/Q.315. Per
- channel, in\(hyslot signalling is accomplished by utilizing bit\ No.\ 8
- in each time slot of the designated frames (6,\ 12,\ etc.) for signalling
- purposes. Bit\ No.\ 8 of each time slot in the intervening frames (1\(hy5,
- 7\(hy11,\ etc.) is used for
- encoding speech. Two signalling channels per speech channel are provided
- in the format. The multiframe alignment required for signalling purposes
- is obtained by subdividing the 8\ kbit/s framing pulse stream into two
- 4\ kbit/s streams, one for terminal framing and one for signalling framing
- (S\(hybits). The relationship of the framing and multiframing signals to
- the signalling bits is given in
- Table\ 2/Q.315. Since only one line signalling channel is required for
- System\ R1, the same signalling information is sent over both signalling
- channels\ A and\ B.
- .RT
- .LP
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.5.2
- \fITransmitted signal duration\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The transmitted signal durations are given in Table\ 1/Q.311 of
- Recommendation\ Q.311.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.5.3
- \fITransmitting line split\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Since signalling is out\(hyband, no transmitting line split is
- required.
- .bp
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 22P
- .ad r
- \fBFIGURE 1/Q.315 p.2\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 25P
- .ad r
- \fBTableau [2/Q.315] p.3\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fBRecommendation\ Q.316\fR
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fB2.6\ \fR \fBPCM\ LINE\ SIGNAL\ RECEIVER\fR
- .EF '% Fascicle\ VI.4\ \(em\ Rec.\ Q.316''
- .OF '''Fascicle\ VI.4\ \(em\ Rec.\ Q.316 %'
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 2.6.1
- \fIRecognition of signals\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- System R1 must be protected against false signal recognition caused by
- signal simulation due to momentary loss of synchronization of the
- PCM\ system. The method of providing this protection is left to each
- Administration concerned to allow for maximum flexibility in the implementation
- of the signalling and switching system design. However, the overall system
- requirements given below must be met.
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIa)\fR A state\ 0 signal lasting 30\ ms or less must be rejected; that
- is, it must not be recognized as a signal.
- .LP
- \fIb)\fR A state\ 1 signal lasting 40\ ms or less must be rejected if
- the previous state\ 0 signal is 350\ ms or longer; that is, it
- must not be recognized as a signal.
- .LP
- \fIc)\fR Subsequent to establishing the speech path, a state\ 0
- ring\(hyforward (forward\(hytransfer) signal lasting 65\(hy135\ ms must be
- recognized as a valid signal.
- .LP
- \fId)\fR A state\ 0 forward signal lasting 300\ ms or longer must be
- recognized as a valid disconnect (clear\(hyforward) signal. Prior to attaching
- a register, a forward state\ 0 signal lasting 30\ ms or longer may be recognized
- as a valid disconnect (clear\(hyforward) signal.
- .LP
- \fIe)\fR To protect against a momentary fault causing a continuous succession
- of false connect (seizing) and disconnect (clear\(hyforward) signals, the
- incoming equipment should be arranged to delay responding to the second
- of two closely spaced connect (seizing) signals. The time delay introduced
- .LP
- should be started at the end of the initial connect (seizing)
- signal or on recognition of the disconnect (clear\(hyforward)
- signal. The delay introduced should be a function of the round
- trip signalling time. For satellite circuits the recommended
- time is 1300\ \(+-\ 100\ ms. For terrestrial circuits the recommended
- time is 500\ \(+-\ 100\ ms. If the second connect (seizing) signal
- persists beyond this timed interval, the signal should be
- considered valid and a delay dialling signal returned.
- .LP
- \fIf\fR \fI)\fR Other state\ 0 and state\ 1 signals should be
- recognized as valid signals subsequent to the minimum limits imposed by\
- \fIa)\fR and\ \fIb)\fR above, as soon as possible.
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ Delays introduced by line signalling equipment should
- be held to a minimum consistent with the requirements covered herein to
- minimize signal transfer times. Minimizing the delay is especially important
- in the case of the answer signal and in the case of satellite circuit operation.
- In this
- latter case, if a hang\(hyup (clear\(hyback) signal has not been sent prior to
- .LP
- recognition of a disconnect (clear\(hyforward) signal, it is necessary that the
- idle state\ 0 signal, sent by the incoming exchange in response to the
- disconnect signal, be recognized by the outgoing exchange prior to the
- elapse of the guard timing specified in Recommendation\ Q.317, \(sc\ 2.7.1.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.6.2
- \fIReceiving line split\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Since signalling is out\(hyband, no receiving line split is
- required.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.6.3
- \fIAction on receipt of an alarm\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- When the PCM primary multiplex has detected a fault and given an
- alarm (see Recommendation\ G.733,\ \(sc\ 3.2) appropriate action shall
- be taken to
- remove automatically the affected circuits from service, and to terminate
- calls in progress, i.e.\ stop charging, release interconnected circuits,\
- etc. When the alarm has been cleared the affected circuits should be automatically
- restored to service.
- .RT
- .LP
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fBRecommendation\ Q.317\fR
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fB2.7\ FURTHER\ SPECIFICATION\ CLAUSES\ RELATIVE\ TO\ LINE\ SIGNALLING\fR
- .EF '% Fascicle\ VI.4\ \(em\ Rec.\ Q.317''
- .OF '''Fascicle\ VI.4\ \(em\ Rec.\ Q.317 %'
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .PP
- 2.7.1
- Access to the outgoing circuits shall be denied (guarded)
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .LP
- for 750\ to 1250\ ms (1050\ ms to 1250\ ms for satellite circuits) after
- initiation of the disconnect (clear\(hyforward) signal to ensure sufficient
- time for the
- release of the equipment at the incoming exchange. [See also the Note
- to \(sc\ 2.3.3,\ 2) of Recommendation\ Q.313 and to \(sc\ 2.6.1 of
- Recommendation\ Q.316.]
- .bp
- .PP
- 2.7.2
- The disconnect (clear\(hyforward) signal may be sent at any time in the
- call sequence.
- .PP
- 2.7.3
- The release of the chain of circuits in an established connection is only
- initiated from the originating exchange or the charge\(hyrecording
- exchange.
- .PP
- 2.7.4
- The start of metering the charge should be delayed by an
- appropriate time after recording of the answer signal to prevent false
- charging resulting from possible false recognition of an invalid answer
- signal.
- .LP
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fBRecommendation\ Q.318\fR
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fB2.8\ \fR \fBDOUBLE\ SEIZING\ WITH\ BOTH\(hyWAY\ OPERATION\fR
- .EF '% Fascicle\ VI.4\ \(em\ Rec.\ Q.318''
- .OF '''Fascicle\ VI.4\ \(em\ Rec.\ Q.318 %'
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 2.8.1
- \fIGeneral\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- To minimize the probability of double seizing, the circuit
- selection at the two ends of both\(hyway circuit groups should be such that, as
- far as possible, double seizing can occur only when a single circuit of the
- group remains free (e.g.\ by selection of circuits in opposite order at
- the two ends of the circuit group).
- .RT
- .LP
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.8.2
- \fIUnguarded interval\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- In general the unguarded interval is small, except in the case of satellite
- operation where the circuit propagation time is long. However,
- System\ R1 does provide a means of detecting double seizing.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.8.3
- \fIDetection of double seizing\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- In the event of double seizing, the incoming connect (seizing)
- signal is recognized at each end as a delay\(hydialling signal. If a
- start\(hydialling (proceed\(hyto\(hysend) signal is not received within
- the time\(hyout
- interval (e.g.\ 5\ seconds) double seizing is assumed.
- .PP
- In this event, either of the following arrangements may
- apply:
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIa)\fR an automatic repeat attempt to set up the call; or
- .LP
- \fIb)\fR a recorder indication is given to the operator or to the calling
- subscriber and no automatic repeat attempt is made.
- .LP
- .PP
- With either method, means must be provided to ensure positive
- release of the double seized circuit. To achieve the release it is recommended
- that the office which first assumes (based on timing) that dual seizure
- has
- occurred transmits a tone\(hyon (0\ state) signal followed by a tone\(hyoff
- (1\ state) signal before the final tone\(hyon (0\ state) signal (disconnect)
- is sent. The
- duration of initial tone\(hyon (0\ state) signal should be a minimum of
- 100\ ms and a maximum of 200\ ms. The tone\(hyoff (1\ state) signal should
- be recognized as an unexpected tone\(hyoff (1\ state) signal at the distant
- end, after which the action specified in \(sc\ 3.6.2,\ 1)\ \fIc)\fR of
- Recommendation\ Q.325 applies.
- .LP
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fBRecommendation\ Q.319\fR
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fB2.9\ \fR \fBSPEED\ OF\ SWITCHING\ IN\ INTERNATIONAL\ EXCHANGES\fR
- .EF '% Fascicle\ VI.4\ \(em\ Rec.\ Q.319''
- .OF '''Fascicle\ VI.4\ \(em\ Rec.\ Q.319 %'
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .PP
- 2.9.1
- It is recommended that the equipment in international
- exchanges shall have a high switching speed so that the switching time
- may be as short as possible.
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 2.9.2
- At the outgoing, transit and incoming international exchanges,
- .LP
- the seizing of the circuit and the setting up of the connection should take
- place as soon as possible after receipt of the digits of the address that
- are necessary to determine the routing.
- .PP
- 2.9.3
- At international exchanges the delay\(hydialling signal should be
- returned as soon as possible after recognition of the connect (seizing)
- signal. The start\(hydialling (proceed\(hyto\(hysend) signal should be
- returned as soon as
- possible but in any case, the return should be before the time\(hyout of the
- outgoing register. [See \(sc\ 3.6.2,\ 1)\ \fIa)\fR and\ \fIb)\fR of Recommendation\
- Q.325.]
- .LP
- .bp
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \v'3P'
- SECTION\ 3
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fBREGISTER\ SIGNALLING\fR
- .FS
- As used in this
- Section the term register includes traditional registers in
- electromechanical exchanges and also the equivalent receiving device,
- memory and logic in stored program exchanges.
- .FE
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fBRecommendation\ Q.320\fR
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fB3.1\
- \fBSIGNAL\ CODE\ FOR\ REGISTER\ SIGNALLING\fR
- .EF '% Fascicle\ VI.4\ \(em\ Rec.\ Q.320''
- .OF '''Fascicle\ VI.4\ \(em\ Rec.\ Q.320 %'
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 3.1.1
- \fIGeneral\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 1)
- Either semi\(hyautomatic working (with automatic machine or direct
- operator access), or automatic working (with automatic machine access) may
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- be used for outgoing traffic. With automatic machine access the incoming
- address signals are stored in a register until sufficient address information
- is received to route the call properly, at which time a free circuit may
- be
- selected and a connect (seizing) line signal sent. Subsequent to the
- recognition of a delay\(hydialling line signal and a start\(hydialling
- (proceed\(hyto\(hysend) line signal a KP (start\(hyof\(hypulsing) signal
- followed by the
- address and ST (end\(hyof\(hypulsing) signals are transmitted. The KP\
- signal, which is nominally 100\ ms in duration, prepares the receiving
- equipment to accept
- subsequent register signals. The transmission of the KP\ signal should be
- delayed by a minimum of 140\ ms, but not more than 300\ ms, after recognition
- of the start\(hydialling line signal.
- .PP
- 2)
- Link\(hyby\(hylink register signalling applies.
- .PP
- 3)
- Register signalling is in a forward direction only and shall be
- in accordance with the two\(hyout\(hyof\(hysix multifrequency code shown in
- Table\ 3/Q.320. Three of the 15\ possible codes are unused in international
- service and are available for special purposes.
- .LP
- .PP
- 4)
- The receiving equipment must furnish a two\(hyand\(hytwo only frequency
- check on each received signal to ensure its validity.
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 3.1.2
- \fISending sequence of register signals\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 1)
- The sending sequence of address signals conforms to the
- sequence indicated in Recommendation\ Q.107. However, for traffic within an
- integrated world numbering zone (e.g.\ Zone\ 1) the language or discriminating
- digit and country codes may have no application and may not be sent. In
- Zone\ 1, the sequence of signals sent from the operator or subscriber is
- as
- follows:
- \v'3p'
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- a)
- \fISemi\(hyautomatic working for calls to a subscriber within\fR
- \fIZone\ 1:\fR
- .LP
- i)
- KP;
- .LP
- ii)
- national (significant) number of the called subscriber;
- .LP
- iii)
- ST.
- .LP
- .sp 2
- .bp
- .LP
- b)
- \fISemi\(hyautomatic working for calls to operators within\fR \fIZone\ 1:\fR
- .LP
- i)
- KP;
- .LP
- ii)
- special decimal numbers;
- .FS
- The special numbers used to
- reach operators are by agreement between Administrations.
- .FE
- .LP
- iii)
- ST.
- \v'3p'
- .LP
- c)
- \fIAutomatic working for calls to a subscriber within\fR
- \fIZone\ 1:\fR
- .LP
- i)
- national (significant) number of the called subscriber.
- .PP
- 2)
- The sending sequence of register signals shall conform to
- Table\ 3/Q.320, noting the following:
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIa)\fR a KP (start\(hyof\(hypulsing) signal shall precede the sequence
- of signals in all cases;
- .LP
- \fIb)\fR the ST (end\(hyof\(hypulsing) signal shall follow the sequence
- of signals in all cases.
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 17P
- .ad r
- \fBTABLE [3/Q.320], p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fBRecommendation\ Q.321\fR
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .ce 1000
- \fB3.2\ \fR \fBEND\(hyOF\(hyPULSING\ CONDITIONS\fR \fB\ \(em\ REGISTER\fR
- .EF '% Fascicle\ VI.4\ \(em\ Rec.\ Q.321''
- .OF '''Fascicle\ VI.4\ \(em\ Rec.\ Q.321 %'
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fBARRANGEMENTS\ CONCERNING\ ST\ SIGNAL\fR
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .PP
- 3.2.1
- The register signalling arrangements shall provide for the
- sending of an ST\ signal for both semi\(hyautomatic and automatic operation;
- the
- arrangements in the outgoing international register for recognizing the
- ST (end\(hyof\(hypulsing) signal condition may vary as follows:
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .LP
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- a)
- \fISemi\(hyautomatic operation\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The ST\ condition is determined by the receipt of the end\(hyof\(hypulsing
- signal initiated by the operator.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- b)
- \fIAutomatic operation\fR \v'3p'
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- i)
- Where the ST\ condition is determined by the originating
- national network, an ST\ signal is transmitted to the outgoing
- international register. No further arrangements are
- necessary in that register for this purpose.
- .LP
- ii)
- Where the ST\ condition is not received from the originating national
- network, the outgoing international register will be
- required to determine the ST\ condition. (See for example the
- requirements for System\ No.\ 5, Recommendation\ Q.152,
- \fIGreen\ Book\fR .)
- .bp
- .LP
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fBRecommendation\ Q.322\fR
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fB3.3\ \fR \fBMULTIFREQUENCY\ SIGNAL\ SENDER\fR
- .EF '% Fascicle\ VI.4\ \(em\ Rec.\ Q.322''
- .OF '''Fascicle\ VI.4\ \(em\ Rec.\ Q.322 %'
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .PP
- 3.3.1
- Signalling frequencies 700, 900, 1100, 1300, 1500 and 1700\ Hz. A signal
- shall consist of a combination of any two of these six frequencies.
- The frequency variation shall not exceed \(+- | .5% of each nominal frequency.
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .LP
- .PP
- 3.3.2
- Transmitted signal level \(em7\ \(+-\ 1\ dBm0 per frequency. The
- difference in transmitted level between the two frequencies comprising
- a signal shall not exceed\ 0.5\ dB.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 3.3.3
- Signal frequency leak and modulation products
- . The
- level
- of the signal leak current transmitted to the line should be at least:
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIa)\fR 50\ dB below the single frequency level when a
- multifrequency signal is not being transmitted;
- .LP
- \fIb)\fR 30\ dB below the transmitted signal level of either of the two
- frequencies when a multifrequency signal is being
- transmitted. The modulation products of a signal shall be at least 30\
- dB below the transmitted level of either of the two frequencies comprising
- the
- signal.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.3.4
- \fISignal durations\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- KP signal: 100\ \(+-\ 10\ ms.
- .PP
- All other signals: 68\ \(+-\ 7\ ms.
- .PP
- Interval between all signals: 68\ \(+-\ 7\ ms.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.3.5
- \fICompound signal tolerance\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The interval of time between the moments when the two frequencies comprising
- a signal are sent must not exceed 1\ ms. The interval of time between the
- moments when the two frequencies cease must not exceed 1\ ms.
- \v'2P'
- .RT
- .LP
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fBRecommendation\ Q.323\fR
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fB3.4\ \fR \fBMULTIFREQUENCY\ SIGNAL\ RECEIVING\ EQUIPMENT\fR
- .EF '% Fascicle\ VI.4\ \(em\ Rec.\ Q.323''
- .OF '''Fascicle\ VI.4\ \(em\ Rec.\ Q.323 %'
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 3.4.1
- \fIOperate limits\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- The signal receiving equipment must operate satisfactorily on any combination
- of two of the frequencies received as a single pulse or train of
- pulses in the presence of maximum expected noise on an international
- circuit, \(em40\ dBm0 uniform spectral energy over the range of 300\ to
- 3400\ Hz,
- that meets the conditions listed below:
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIa)\fR each frequency of the received signal is within \(+- | .5% of
- the nominal signalling frequency;
- .LP
- \fIb)\fR the absolute power level\ \fIN\fR of each received frequency
- is within the limits
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- (\(em14\ +\ \fIn\fR \ \(=\ \fIN\fR \ \(=\ +\ 0\ +\ \fIn\fR ) dBm
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- where \fIn\fR is the relative power level at the signal receiver input.
- Assuming a nominal circuit loss of 0\ dB these limits give
- a margin of \(+- | \ dB on the nominal absolute level of each
- received signal. Considering that a single equipment may
- serve circuits whose designed loss (nominal loss) is greater
- than\ 0\ dB (e.g.,\ circuits that are not equipped with echo
- suppressors) account must be taken of the highest circuit
- loss in the design of the receiving equipment (e.g.,\ by
- increasing must\(hyoperate sensitivity) to ensure that the
- minimum margin is 7\ dB;
- .bp
- .LP
- \fIc)\fR the difference in level between the frequencies comprising a
- received signal is less than 6\ dB;
- .LP
- \fId)\fR the signal receiving equipment must accept signals meeting the
- following conditions:
- .LP
- i)
- signals within the limits specified in\ \fIa)\fR , \fIb)\fR ,
- and\ \fIc)\fR | bove in the presence of maximum expected noise and
- subject to the maximum expected delay distortion;
- .LP
- ii)
- the duration of each frequency comprising a signal is
- 30\ ms or greater; and
- .LP
- iii)
- the silent interval preceding the signal is 20\ ms or
- greater.
- .PP
- The tolerances given in \fIa)\fR , \fIb)\fR , and\ \fIc)\fR | re to allow for
- variations at the sending end and in line transmission.
- .PP
- The test values indicated in\ \fId)\fR | re less than the working values.
- The difference between the test value and the working values will allow
- for
- pulse distortion, variations in registration devices, etc.
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ Since higher steady noise as well as impulsive noise
- may be encountered on intraregional circuits, especially over certain compandored
- carrier systems, the maximum expected noise within a region must be taken
- into account in the design of equipment for that region.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 3.4.2
- \fINon\(hyoperate limits\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 1)
- The receiving equipment shall not operate on any signal whose absolute
- power level at the point of the receiving equipment is 9\ dB or more
- below the must\(hyoperate sensitivity required to satisfy the conditions
- established in \(sc\ 3.4.1\ \fIb)\fR .
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 2)
- The receiving equipment shall release when the signal level
- falls 1\ dB below the level established in \(sc\ 1) above.
- .LP
- .PP
- 3)
- Operation of the receiving equipment shall be delayed for a
- minimum period necessary to guard against false operation due to spurious
- signals generated internally on reception of any signal.
- .PP
- 4)
- The receiving equipment should not operate on a pulse signal of
- 10\ ms or less. This signal may be of a single frequency or two frequencies
- received simultaneously. Likewise, after operation the equipment shall
- ignore short interruptions of the signal frequencies.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.4.3
- \fIInput impedance\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The value of the input impedance should be such that the return
- loss over a frequency range of 500\ to 2700\ Hz against a 600\(hyohm non\(hyinductive
- resistor in series with a two\(hymicrofarad capacitor is greater than
- 27\ dB.
- \v'2P'
- .RT
- .LP
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fBRecommendation\ Q.324\fR
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fB3.5\ ANALYSIS\ OF\ ADDRESS\ INFORMATION\ FOR\ ROUTING\fR
- .EF '% Fascicle\ VI.4\ \(em\ Rec.\ Q.324''
- .OF '''Fascicle\ VI.4\ \(em\ Rec.\ Q.324 %'
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .PP
- In the application of System R1 to intraregional networks, the routing
- plan of that network shall apply. The routing plan is such that
- analysis is limited to a maximum of six digits.
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ An ISC processing an incoming call on a circuit using
- System\ R1, if encountering a barred routing or unallocated number condition,
- should preferably send the special information tone toward the originating
- subscriber.
- .bp
- .LP
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fBRecommendation\ Q.325\fR
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fB3.6\ RELEASE\ OF\ REGISTERS\fR
- .EF '% Fascicle\ VI.4\ \(em\ Rec.\ Q.325''
- .OF '''Fascicle\ VI.4\ \(em\ Rec.\ Q.325 %'
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 3.6.1
- \fINormal release conditions\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 1)
- An outgoing register shall be released when it has transmitted the ST\ signal.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 2)
- An incoming register shall be released on the forward
- transmission of the ST\ signal to the next exchange, or when all pertinent
- information has been transferred to an outgoing register.
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 3.6.2
- \fIAbnormal release conditions\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 1)
- An outgoing register shall release in any of the following
- situations:
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIa)\fR on failure to recognize a delay\(hydialling signal within
- 5\ seconds of circuit seizure unless a longer interval is preferred for
- particular traffic conditions;
- .LP
- \fIb)\fR on failure to recognize a start\(hydialling (proceed\(hyto\(hysend)
- signal within 5\ seconds of recognition of the delay\(hydialling signal
- unless a
- longer interval is preferred for particular traffic conditions;
- .LP
- \fIc)\fR on recognition of an unexpected tone\(hyoff (0\ state) line
- signal subsequent to the recognition of a start\(hydialling (proceed\(hyto\(hysend)
- signal, but prior to completion of outpulsing. This signal sequence will
- occur in the event of double seizing and therefore a repeat attempt may
- be invoked
- and as a result the register may not be released prior to completion of the
- second attempt. (See Recommendation\ Q.318.);
- .LP
- \fId)\fR on exceeding overall register timing of 240\ seconds.
- .PP
- 2)
- An incoming register shall release in any of the following
- situations:
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIa)\fR on failure to receive the KP\ signal within\ 10 to
- 20\ seconds of register seizure;
- .LP
- \fIb)\fR on failure to receive the 1st through 3rd\ digits within
- 10\ to 20\ seconds of receipt of the KP signal;
- .LP
- \fIc)\fR on failure to receive the 4th through 6th digits within
- 10\ to 20\ seconds of the registration of the 3rd\ digit;
- .LP
- \fId)\fR on failure to receive the remaining digits and ST\ signal within
- 10\ to 20\ seconds of registration of the 6th\ digit;
- .LP
- \fIe)\fR on error detection such as receipt of one or more than
- two frequencies in a pulse;
- .LP
- \fIf\fR \fI)\fR on failure to gain access to associated switching equipment
- within appropriate intervals of time.
- .PP
- The timing intervals given in\ 1) and\ 2) above are representative values
- but need not necessarily apply to all types of switching systems or all
- traffic loads.
- .PP
- An abnormal release of an outgoing register on failure to receive a
- delay\(hydialling signal as discussed in 1)\ \fIa)\fR above, shall result
- in the
- circuit being locked out which maintains the tone\(hyoff (1\ state) condition
- toward the distant end. The maintenance personnel should be alerted.
- .PP
- Abnormal releases should result in the return of an audible re\(hyorder
- (congestion) tone toward the originating end. If this condition (re\(hyorder)
- persists for more than 1\ to 2\ minutes, maintenance personnel should be
- alerted.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fBRecommendation\ Q.326\fR
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fB3.7\ SWITCHING\ TO\ THE\ SPEECH\ POSITION\fR
- .EF '% Fascicle\ VI.4\ \(em\ Rec.\ Q.326''
- .OF '''Fascicle\ VI.4\ \(em\ Rec.\ Q.326 %'
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .PP
- At all exchanges, the circuit shall be switched to the speech position
- when the registers (incoming or outgoing) are released.
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .LP
- \fBMontage:\ \fR PAGE 20 = PAGE BLANCHE
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
-