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- .rs
- .\" Troff code generated by TPS Convert from ITU Original Files
- .\" Not Copyright ( c) 1991
- .\"
- .\" Assumes tbl, eqn, MS macros, and lots of luck.
- .TA 1c 2c 3c 4c 5c 6c 7c 8c
- .ds CH
- .ds CF
- .EQ
- delim @@
- .EN
- .nr LL 40.5P
- .nr ll 40.5P
- .nr HM 3P
- .nr FM 6P
- .nr PO 4P
- .nr PD 9p
- .po 4P
-
- .rs
- \v | 5i'
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \v'12P'
- \s12PART\ I
- \v'4P'
- .RT
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fBRecommendations Q.1 and Q.2\fR \v'2P'
- .EF '% \ \ \ ^''
- .OF ''' \ \ \ ^ %'
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fBSIGNALLING\ IN\ THE\ INTERNATIONAL\ MANUAL\ SERVICE\fR
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 30P
- .ad r
- Blanc
- .EF '% \ \ \ ^''
- .OF ''' \ \ \ ^ %'
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .LP
- \fBMONTAGE:\fR \ PAGE 2 = PAGE BLANCHE
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fBRecommendation\ Q.1\fR
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fBSIGNAL\ RECEIVERS\ FOR\ MANUAL\ WORKING\fR \v'6p'
- .EF '% Fascicle\ VI.1\ \(em\ Rec.\ Q.1''
- .OF '''Fascicle\ VI.1\ \(em\ Rec.\ Q.1 %'
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .PP
- In 1934 (CCIF \fIWhite Book\fR , Volume\ III, Xth\ Plenary Assembly, Budapest,\
- 1934), a signalling current having a frequency of 500\ Hz\ \(+-\ 2%,
- interrupted at a frequency of 20\ Hz\ \(+-\ 2% was provisionally chosen for
- manually\(hyoperated international circuits.
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 500\ Hz was chosen as the frequency to be transmitted, under normal conditions,
- by carrier terminal equipment and line repeaters. To avoid
- false operation due to speech currents, it was also considered desirable to
- interrupt the 500\ Hz signalling current at low frequency. The use of a
- uniform interruption frequency of 20\ Hz enables a high degree of selectivity
- to be obtained in signal receivers.
- .PP
- The effective power produced by the signalling current, when not
- interrupted, is fixed at 1\ milliwatt at a zero relative level or an absolute
- power level of zero (with a tolerance of \(+- | \ decibel) which corresponds
- to an average power for the interrupted signalling current of 0.5\ milliwatt,
- with a tolerance of \(+- | \ decibel.
- .PP
- The power levels specified above were chosen in\ 1954 (XVIIth\ CCIF
- Plenary Assembly, Geneva,\ 1954) on the basis of the limit imposed for the
- maximum energy which can be transmitted by signals during the busy hour; it
- must not exceed 2.5\ microwatthours or 9000\ microwattseconds at a zero
- relative level point. A reasonable value for the number of calls, or attempted
- calls,
- on a circuit during the busy hour was assumed and 2\ seconds was assumed
- to be the sending duration of the signalling current to line by operation
- of the
- operator's ringing key.
- .PP
- On outgoing circuits from an international exchange, where the 500/20\
- Hz signals are liable to be sent over wideband carrier systems (coaxial
- carrier
- systems) it is desirable, to avoid overloading the repeaters, that the
- duration of the 500/20\ Hz signals sent to line should not exceed 2\ seconds
- and they
- should be limited to this value by automatic means.
- .PP
- Since, in general, the \fIInstructions for the International Telephone\fR
- \fIService\fR | Article\ 32)\ [1] require the signalling current sent
- over an
- international circuit to have a duration of at least 2\ seconds to avoid the
- risk of signals being undetected at the incoming end, the means for limiting
- the sending duration of the signalling current will generally consist of an
- arrangement which controls the sending duration independently of the time
- the ringing key is operated and which automatically fixes that duration
- at\ 2\ seconds.
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ In the case of short 2\(hywire circuits, it may be economical
- to use, by agreement between the Administrations concerned, a low\(hyfrequency
- signalling current (either between\ 16 and\ 25\ Hz or\ 50\ Hz).
- \v'1P'
- .RT
- .ce 1000
- ANNEX\ A
- .ce 0
- .ce 1000
- (to Recommendation Q.1)
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .ce 0
- .ce 1000
- \fBBasic technical clauses of a model specification for the provision\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ce 0
- .ce 1000
- \fBof 500/20\(hyHz voice\(hyfrequency signalling sets\fR
- .ce 0
- .ce 1000
- \fB(signal transmitters and receivers) intended\fR
- .ce 0
- .ce 1000
- \fBfor manually\(hyoperated circuits\fR
- .ce 0
- .LP
- A.1
- \fISending of signals\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- \fIPower\fR \ \(em\ The signal transmitted shall supply a sinusoidal current
- at a frequency of 500\ Hz\ \(+-\ 2% interrupted at a frequency
- of\ 20\ Hz\ \(+-\ 2%.
- .PP
- The effective mean power of the 500/20\(hyHz current is fixed at
- 0.5\ milliwatt or an absolute power level of \(em3\ dBm (with a tolerance
- of \(+- | \ dB) at a zero relative level point.
- .PP
- Every precaution should be taken to avoid unbalance effects in the
- circuit during the transmission of a 500/20\(hyHz signalling current.
- .bp
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- A.2
- \fIReception of signals\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- \fISensitivity\fR \ \(em\ The signal receiver shall operate correctly when
- the 500/20\(hyHz current at the input to the signal receiver is within
- the following limits:
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \(em8.5\ +\ \fIn\fR \ \(=\ \fIN\fR \ \(=\ +2.5\ +\ \fIn\fR \ dB
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- where \fIn\fR \ is the relative power level at the point of the circuit
- at which the signal receiver is connected.
- .PP
- The limits take account of the tolerances indicated above for the
- transmitted power level and include a margin of \(+- | .5\ decibels on
- the nominal absolute power level of the 500/20\ Hz current received at
- the input to the
- signal receiver. This margin allows for variations in transmission conditions
- on international circuits.
- .PP
- \fITuning\fR \ \(em\ Tuning should be such that the signal receiver operates
- only at a frequency of 500\ Hz guaranteed to within \(+- | % and at an
- interrupting
- frequency of 20\ Hz guaranteed to within\ \(+- | %.
- .PP
- \fIDelay\fR \ \(em\ The delay, i.e. the time which elapses between the
- application of the signalling voltage and the operation of the signal receiver,
- must be long enough for the signal receiver to remain insensitive to all
- speech currents which normally flow in the circuit to which it is connected.
- The
- duration of this delay must, however, be less than 1200\ milliseconds.
- (In other words, 1200\ milliseconds is the maximum signal recognition time
- within which a signal has to be recognized.)
- .PP
- \fISelectivity\fR (resulting from the tuning of the resonant circuit and
- the delay mentioned above)\ \(em\ The receipt of a speech (or noise) current
- circulating in the circuit must not give rise to a current liable to cause
- the operation of the signalling equipment and, in consequence, to cause
- a wrong
- indication to be given on the international positions even though the speech
- (or noise) voltage reaches the maximum value likely to be met in practice.
- In particular, the signal receiver must not operate when a speech power
- not
- exceeding 6\ milliwatts is applied at a zero relative level point.
- .PP
- \fIInsertion loss\fR \ \(em\ The insertion loss introduced by the signal
- receiver in the circuit with which the signalling set is associated must
- be less than
- 0.3\ dB for any frequency effectively transmitted by the circuit.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fBReference\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .LP
- [1]
- CCITT \fIInstructions for the international telephone service\fR
- \fI(1\ October\ 1985)\fR , ITU, Geneva,\ 1985.
- \v'1P'
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fBRecommendation\ Q.2\fR
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .ce 1000
- \fBSIGNAL\ RECEIVERS\ FOR\ AUTOMATIC\ AND\ SEMI\(hyAUTOMATIC\ WORKING,\fR
- .EF '% Fascicle\ VI.1\ \(em\ Rec.\ Q.2''
- .OF '''Fascicle\ VI.1\ \(em\ Rec.\ Q.2 %'
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fBUSED\ FOR\ MANUAL\ WORKING\fR
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .PP
- The directives relating to 500/20\(hyHz signalling sets are
- provisional. An Administration intending to purchase new signalling sets for
- use on international circuits which for the time being are to be operated
- on a manual basis, may find it advantageous, by agreement with the Administrations
- interested in the operation of the circuits concerned, to use signal receivers
- and transmitters conforming to the specifications for international automatic
- equipment. This will permit a greater technical uniformity of installations
- and will avoid having to replace the signal receivers when, ultimately,
- these
- circuits are operated on an automatic or semi\(hyautomatic basis.
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- The signal receivers must therefore conform with the
- specifications for the applicable recommended CCITT systems.
- .LP
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fISending of signals\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The frequency and power level of the signalling current must be in accordance
- with the specifications for international automatic equipment. If
- two\(hyfrequency signal receivers are concerned, the two frequencies (compound
- signal) must be transmitted simultaneously.
- .PP
- The nominal duration of a signal sent to line is fixed at 2\ seconds so
- as to be the same as that specified for 500/20\ Hz signalling.
- .bp
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fIReception of signals\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- At the receiving end, provision must be made for a splitting
- arrangement conforming to the specifications for international automatic
- equipment. This splitting arrangement can be:
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- either an integral part of the signal receivers, or
- .LP
- \(em
- placed at the end of the circuit after the signal
- receiver.
- .PP
- The signalling equipment (at the output of the signal receiver)
- which causes the lighting of the calling and clearing lamps shall have
- a signal recognition time of between\ 100 and\ 1200\ milliseconds:
- .LP
- \(em
- the minimum duration of 100\ ms has been chosen so as to
- avoid the recognition of false signals due to imitation
- by speech currents;
- .LP
- \(em
- the maximum duration of 1200\ ms has been chosen so as to
- permit the partial use of 500/20\(hyHz signal\(hyreceiver equipment.
- .PP
- \fINote\ 1\fR \ \(em\ The characteristics of signal receivers of the types
- used for automatic or semi\(hyautomatic working could possibly also be used to
- provide signals and supplementary facilities for operators if the
- Administrations concerned consider that the operational advantages to be
- obtained justify the equipment modifications involved at the international
- exchanges.
- .PP
- \fINote\ 2\fR \ \(em\ The time quoted in this Recommendation for the signal
- length and the signal recognition times would also be appropriate for out\(hyband
- signalling systems using discontinuous signals for a manual
- service.
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 31P
- .LP
- .bp
- .LP
- \fBMONTAGE:\fR PAGE 6 = PAGE BLANCHE
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \v'12P'
- \s12PART\ II
- \v'4P'
- .RT
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fBRecommendations Q.4 to Q.49\fR \v'2P'
- .EF '% \ \ \ ^''
- .OF ''' \ \ \ ^ %'
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fBGENERAL\ RECOMMENDATIONS\ RELATING\fR
- .ce 0
- .ce 1000
- \fBTO\ \fR \fBSIGNALLING\ AND\ SWITCHING\fR
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fBIN\ THE\ AUTOMATIC\ AND\ SEMI\(hyAUTOMATIC\ SERVICES\fR
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 28P
- .ad r
- Blanc
- .EF '% \ \ \ ^''
- .OF ''' \ \ \ ^ %'
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .LP
- \fBMONTAGE:\fR \ PAGE 8 = PAGE BLANCHE
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \v'3P'
- SECTION\ 1
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fBCCITT\ BASIC\ RECOMMENDATIONS\ ON\ INTERNATIONAL\fR
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fBAUTOMATIC\ AND\ SEMI\(hyAUTOMATIC\ WORKING\fR
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fBRecommendation\ Q.4\fR
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fBAUTOMATIC\ SWITCHING\ FUNCTIONS\ FOR\ USE\fR |
- \fBIN\ NATIONAL\ NETWORKS\fR \v'1P'
- .EF '% Fascicle\ VI.1\ \(em\ Rec.\ Q.4''
- .OF '''Fascicle\ VI.1\ \(em\ Rec.\ Q.4 %'
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB1\fR \fBPreamble\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- The\ CCITT,
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fIconsidering\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- (1)
- that a large amount of switching equipment will be
- installed in the next few years, especially in areas of low subscriber
- density;
- .LP
- .PP
- (2)
- the continuous rapid development of new switching
- techniques results in different generations of equipment having to co\(hyexist;
- .PP
- (3)
- that some degree of compatibility in the installed
- switching equipment is required in the world\(hywide automatic network;
- .PP
- (4)
- that the introduction of newly developed switching
- systems presents Administrations with an ever increasing number of engineering,
- staff training, maintenance and other operational considerations,
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fIand also considering\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- (5)
- that Recommendations originally intended for
- international application only are increasingly being applied to national
- networks, or could be so applied;
- .PP
- (6)
- that many current studies are aimed at producing
- Recommendations primarily applicable to national networks,
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fIrecommends\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- the following guidelines for use by Administrations establishing national
- switching standards or, if desired, for updating existing standards. Each
- Administration may select those guidelines it deems applicable to its own
- situation.
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB2\fR \fBAutomatic switching functions for use in national networks\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- Table 1/Q.4 lists the functional switching capabilities of an
- exchange which will, or may in some instances, according to the role of the
- exchange in a network, need to be technically specified in order that the
- Administration concerned can be assured that the exchange will satisfy
- existing and foreseen future needs of the network. For the required
- capabilities, references are given to CCITT\ texts which should be taken into
- account when decisions on national standards are taken; some make positive
- recommendations, others give guidelines or background information. Table\
- 2/Q.4 provides full titles for those referenced texts, and for others applicable
- to national switching, in order to provide more specific information about
- the
- subject matter.
- .bp
- .PP
- Some of the functions listed are required in all types of exchanges. Others
- may or may not be, according to the role of the exchange, e.g.\ local,
- combined local/transit, transit, international,\ etc.
- .PP
- It is not always necessary that a precise technical specification be given,
- e.g.,\ in a tender specification, for each switching function. In some
- instances, it may be sufficient to state the requirements broadly, possibly
- including desired ranges of parameter values, and to invite a tenderer
- to make his own specific proposals for evaluation.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB3\fR \fBRequirements for ISDN\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- As Recommendations for the ISDN are being developed concurrently, it is
- difficult to reference them in this Recommendation. All Recommendations
- relevant to the ISDN will be published in a single volume at the end of
- this
- Study Period\ 1981\(hy1984 (Fascicle\ III.5).
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB4\fR \fBRequirements other than automatic switching functions\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .LP
- .PP
- The technical specifications of the required automatic switching
- functions of an exchange do not, in themselves, consitute a complete
- specification. Other aspects possibly needing to be covered, which are
- particular to an exchange or to a group of exchanges and not included within
- the scope of automatic switching functions are:
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- traffic (dimensioning and service performance);
- .LP
- \(em
- specifications dictated by the equipment environment
- (building constraints, power supplies, climatic conditions,\ etc.);
- .LP
- \(em
- installation, including testing, acceptance, post\(hyacceptance technical
- support,\ etc.;
- .LP
- \(em
- training and documentation;
- .LP
- \(em
- support of system design and software, e.g., CCITT
- Recommendation\ Z.100 (SDL) series and CCITT Recommendation\ Z.200
- (CHILL) series.
- .LP
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB5\fR \fBTechnical cooperation possibilities\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- The CCITT Recommendations already established so far do not
- themselves suffice to cover all the points of a specification dealing with
- the functions to be performed by switching equipment. It is unavoidable,
- if
- national standards are to match the requirements and circumstances of a
- particular network, that the responsible Administration itself exercise a
- number of choices.
- .PP
- An Administration seeking advice or guidance beyond that indicated in CCITT\
- texts may, by approaching the ITU\ Secretariat, obtain information on the
- standards adopted by other Administrations.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB6\fR \fBDefinition of requirements in terms of services and facilities\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 6.1
- Fundamental decisions as to range of service(s) and facilities to be provided
- must be made by the Administration. Descriptions and other
- information on the various services normally provided by a switching system
- may be found as indicated in the following:
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- types of services (GAS 6, Chapter\ II, \(sc\ 3; Chapter\ III,
- \(sc\ 3.2),
- .LP
- \(em
- basic services (GAS 6, Chapter\ IV, \(sc\ 1.2),
- .LP
- \(em
- supplementary services (GAS 6, Chapter\ IV, \(sc\ 1.4);
- Recommendations\ E.130, E.132, E.151; Supplement No.\ 1 to
- Series\ E Recommendations.
- .PP
- 6.2
- A list of possible telephony subscriber services and facilities
- has been extracted from the GAS\ 6 Handbook, Chapter\ IX, \(sc\ 1.3.2 and
- is shown in Annex\ A.
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 5P
- .ad r
- \fBBlanc\fR
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .ce
- \fBH.T. [1T1.4]\fR
- .ce
- TABLE\ 1/Q.4
- .ce
- \fBCCITT texts (Recommendations and GAS Handbooks) relevant to the\fR
- .ce
-
- .ce
- \fBtechnical specification of automatic
- .ce
- \fBswitching functions of exchanges\fR
- .ce
-
- .ce
- \fBin national networks\fR
- .ps 9
- .vs 11
- .nr VS 11
- .nr PS 9
- .TS
- center box;
- cw(138p) | cw(90p) .
- Item Reference
- _
- .T&
- lw(138p) | cw(90p) .
- A. \fISwitching\fR
- .T&
- lw(138p) | lw(90p) .
- {
- \fIType of switch:\fR
- | analogue (2\(hy or 4\(hywire)/digital,
- space or time division
- } {
- GAS 6 II 1, VI 1.1
- GAS 3 III, Annex 1
- Recs. Q.501, Q.511
- }
- .T&
- lw(138p) | lw(90p) .
- {
- \fIType of control:\fR
- | distributed/centralized
- } GAS 6 VI 1.2
- .T&
- lw(138p) | lw(90p) .
- {
- \fISubscriber classification\fR
- } GAS 6 VI 1.2.1
- .T&
- lw(138p) | lw(90p) .
- {
- B.
- \fIRouting and selection\fR
- }
- .T&
- lw(138p) | lw(90p) .
- {
- \fIClassification of exchange inlets and outlets:\fR
- | according
- to types of inter\(hyexchange circuits to be connected: taking into account
- the line, inter\(hyregister,\ etc., signalling arrangements and the
- transmission, operating, testing, network management,\ etc., requirements
- } {
- GAS 6
- IV 5.6\(hy7
- VI 1.4.1 and 4
- Recs.
- E.543
- Q.7, Q.48, Q.49, Q.108, Q.110,
- Q.251\(hyQ.300, Q.310\(hyQ.331, Q.400\(hyQ.480,
- Q.501\(hyQ.507, Q.511\(hyQ.517
- }
- .T&
- lw(138p) | lw(90p) .
- {
- \fINumber analysis functions:\fR
- | required capacity and depth of
- analysis for routing, determination of number length, barring, digit
- insertion/deletion, charging, echo control,\ etc.
- } {
- GAS 6 IV 6, VI 1.4.6
- Recs.
- E.160, E.161, E.163
- Q.103, Q.105, Q.106, Q.107,
- Q.107 | fIbis\fR
- ,
- Q.115
- }
- .T&
- lw(138p) | lw(90p) .
- {
- \fIChoice of outgoing circuit:\fR
- search procedure, dual seizures,
- alternative routing, repeat attempts,\ etc.
- } {
- GAS 6 VI 1.4.2, 3 and 5
- Recs.
- E.170, E.171
- Q.12\fR
- , Q.263
- }
- .T&
- lw(138p) | lw(90p) .
- {
- \fINetwork management functions:\fR
- | circuit group denial, alternative
- routing cancellation, exchange load control,\ etc.
- } {
- GAS 6 VI 1.4.7
- Recs.
- E.170, E.410, E.411, E.412, E.413
- Q.506, Q.516
- }
- .T&
- lw(138p) | lw(90p) .
- C. \fICharging\fR
- .T&
- lw(138p) | lw(90p) .
- {
- \fIMethods:\fR
- | local, long\(hydistance, international, non\(hychargeable,
- payphone,\ etc., calls
- } {
- GAS 6 IV 7.1\(hy2, VI 1.5.1
- Recs. E.230\(hyE.232
- }
- .T&
- lw(138p) | lw(90p) .
- {
- \fICharge determination:\fR
- | principles and parameters
- \fR
- } GAS 6 IV 7.3, VI 1.5.2
- .T&
- lw(138p) | lw(90p) .
- {
- D.
- \fITransmission characteristics\fR
- }
- .T&
- lw(138p) | lw(90p) .
- {
- \fIInterfaces:\fR
- | specification of the transmission characteristics of
- the interfaces, or the identification of the standard interfaces, at
- which the exchange is to interconnect with external facilities
- and systems
- } {
- GAS 3 III
- Recs.
- G.703, G.704, G.705, G.731\(hyG.739,
- G.741\(hyG.746,
- Q.502, Q.512
- }
- .T&
- lw(138p) | lw(90p) .
- {
- \fIExchange transmission performance:\fR
- | Limits for the levels of
- transmission impairments attributable to the exchange and for
- characteristics affecting performance, taking account of all possible
- types of connection through the exchange
- \fR
- } {
- GAS 6 VI 1.8
- Recs.
- G.121, G.122, G.123
- Q.45, Q.507, Q.517
- }
- .T&
- lw(138p) | lw(90p) .
- {
- E.
- \fISynchronization and timing\fR
- } {
- Recs.
- G.811, G.822
- Q.502, Q.503, Q.512, Q.513
- }
- .T&
- lw(138p) | lw(90p) .
- {
- F.
- \fITones and recorded announcements\fR
- }
- .T&
- lw(138p) | lw(90p) .
- {
- Scope and applications; tones; announcements
- } {
- GAS 6 VI 1.7
- Recs.
- E.180 (Q.35), E.181 (Q.36), E.182
- Supplement No. 2 to
- Series E Recommendations
- Rec. Q.24
- }
- _
- .TE
- .nr PS 9
- .RT
- .ad r
- \fBTABLEAU 1/Q.4 [1T1.4], p. 1\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .ce
- \fR
- .ce
- \fBH.T. [2T1.4]\fR
- .ce
- TABLE\ 1/Q.4 \fI(cont.)\fR
- .ps 9
- .vs 11
- .nr VS 11
- .nr PS 9
- .TS
- center box;
- cw(138p) | cw(90p) .
- Item Reference
- _
- .T&
- lw(138p) | cw(90p) .
- {
- G.
- \fISubscriber line characteristics\fR
- }
- .T&
- lw(138p) | cw(90p) .
- {
- 1.
- \fIAnalogue subscriber line\fR
- }
- .T&
- lw(138p) | lw(90p) .
- {
- \fISubscriber line standards:\fR
- limits for loop resistance,
- loop insulation, overall line attenuation,\ etc.
- } {
- GAS 2 V 3.2, 3.3
- GAS 6 VI 1.3.1
- GAS 3 II 3.1
- Recs. G.120\(hyG.123
- }
- .T&
- lw(138p) | lw(90p) .
- {
- \fISubscriber line signals:\fR
- supervision address
- information, ringing, metering, tones,\ etc.
- } {
- GAS 2 V 6.2
- GAS 6 IV 8, VI 1.3.2
- Recs.
- E.131
- Q.16, Q.23, Q.35 (E.180), Q.118
- }
- .T&
- lw(138p) | lw(90p) .
- {
- 2.
- \fIDigital subscriber line\fR
- }
- .T&
- lw(138p) | lw(90p) .
- {
- Exchange interfaces signalling for digital
- access
- } {
- Recs.
- I.412
- Q.512, Q.920, Q.921, Q.930, Q.931
- }
- .T&
- lw(138p) | lw(90p) .
- {
- H.
- \fIInter\(hyexchange signalling\fR
- }
- .T&
- lw(138p) | lw(90p) .
- {
- Specification of required exchange functions by identification
- of existing and planned inter\(hyexchange signalling
- arrangements
- }
- .T&
- lw(138p) | lw(90p) .
- {
- \fISignalling philosophies and types of signalling\fR
- \fR
- } {
- GAS 6 II 2, IV 8, VI 1.6
- GAS 3 II 3.2
- Recs. Q.7, Q.21
- Supplement No. 3 to
- Series Q Recommendations
- }
- .T&
- lw(138p) | lw(90p) .
- {
- \fISignalling system specifications\fR
- | channel associated and
- common channel, as appropriate)
- \fR
- } {
- Recs.
- Q.101\(hyQ.103, Q.105\(hyQ.118 | fIbis\fR
- ,
- Q.251\(hyQ.300, Q.310\(hyQ.331, Q.400\(hyQ.490,
- Q.701\(hyQ.795
- }
- .T&
- lw(138p) | lw(90p) .
- {
- \fIInterworking of signalling systems\fR
- } Recs. Q.601\(hyQ.685
- .T&
- lw(138p) | lw(90p) .
- I. \fIOperation\fR
- .T&
- lw(138p) | lw(90p) .
- {
- The specification of exchange features designed to facilitate
- the operation of the exchange with respect to the administrations
- of:
- \(em\ subscribers
- \(em\ routing
- \(em\ traffic
- \(em\ tariffs and charging
- \(em\ recording and billing
- \(em\ system control
- taking into account remote control possibilities
- } {
- GAS 6
- IV 7.4\(hy7, 9.1\(hy2
- VI 1.5.3\(hy4, 1.9
- Recs.
- E.500
- Q.505, Q.506, Q.515, Q.516
- Z.331\(hyZ.333
- }
- .T&
- lw(138p) | lw(90p) .
- J. \fIMaintenance\fR
- .T&
- lw(138p) | lw(90p) .
- {
- The specification, with respect to maintenance,
- of:
- \(em\ subscriber lines
- \(em\ inter\(hyexchange circuits
- \(em\ switching network
- \(em\ control system
- the specification of testing and maintenance features, taking into
- account the objectives of:
- \(em
- minimization of the fault rate
- .line
- \(em
- simplification of maintenance activities
- .line
- \(em
- adequate equipment repair facilities
- .line
- \(em
- maximization of immunity to failures
- .line
- \(em
- optimizing maintenance centralization
- } {
- GAS 6 IV 9.1, 9.3, VI 1.10
- Recs.
- G.231
- M.565
- O.22 (Q.49)
- Q.506, Q.516
- Z.301, Z.331\(hyZ.333
- }
- .T&
- lw(138p) | lw(90p) .
- {
- L.
- \fIInput/output devices for operation and\fR
- \fImaintenance\fR
- } {
- GAS 6 VI 1.11
- Recs.
- E.220, E.221
- Z.301\(hyZ.302, Z.311\(hyZ.317,
- Z.321\(hyZ.323
- }
- _
- .TE
- .nr PS 9
- .RT
- .ad r
- \fBTABLEAU 1/Q.4 [2T1.4], p. 2\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .ce 1000
- TABLE\ 2/Q.4
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ce 0
- .ce 1000
- \fBTitles of CCITT texts (Recommendations and GAS Handbooks)\fR
- .ce 0
- .ce 1000
- \fBrelevant to national switching applications\fR
- .ce 0
- .LP
- CCITT Manual \fILocal telephone networks\fR , ITU, Geneva, 1968 (Gas 2
- Handbook).
- .LP
- CCITT Manual \fITransmission planning of switched telephone networks\fR ,
- ITU, Geneva,\ 1976 (Gas 3 Handbook).
- .LP
- CCITT Manual \fIEconomic and technical aspects of the choice of telephone\fR
- \fIswitching systems\fR , ITU, Geneva, 1981 (GAS\ 6 Handbook).
- .LP
- CCITT Manual \fIEconomic and technical aspects of the transition from\fR
- \fIanalogue to digital telecommunication networks\fR , ITU, Geneva, 1984
- (GAS\ 9
- Handbook).
- .LP
- CCITT Rec. E.130 \fIChoice of the most useful and desirable supplementary\fR
- \fItelephone services\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Rec. E.131 \fISubscriber control procedures for supplementary\fR
- \fIservices\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Rec. E.132 \fIStandardization of elements of control procedures\fR
- \fIfor supplementary telephone services\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Rec. E.151 \fIConference calls\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Rec. E.160 \fIDefinitions relating to national and international\fR
- \fInumbering plans\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Rec. E.161 \fIArrangement of figures, letters and symbols on\fR
- \fIrotary dials and pushbutton telephone sets\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Rec. E.163 \fINumbering plan for the international telephone\fR
- \fIservice\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Rec. E.170 \fIOverflow \(em alternative routing \(em rerouting \(em\fR
- \fIautomatic repeat attempt\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Rec. E.171 \fIInternational routing plan\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Rec. E.180 \fICharacteristics of the dial tone, ringing tone,\fR
- \fIbusy tone, congestion tone, special information tone and warning tone\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Rec. E.181 \fICustomer recognition of foreign tones\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Rec. E.182 \fIApplication of tones and recorded announcements\fR
- \fIin telephone services\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Rec. E.211 \fINumbering and dialling procedures for VHF/UHF and\fR
- \fImaritime mobile satellite services\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Rec. E.220 \fIErgonomic aspects of visual display terminals\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Rec. E.221 \fIHuman interface to visual display terminals\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Recs. E.230\(hyE.232 \fICharging (determination of collection charges)\fR
- \fIin the international telephone service\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Rec. E.500 \fIMeasurement and recording of traffic\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Rec. E.521 \fICalculation of the number of circuits in a group\fR
- \fIcarrying overflow traffic\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Rec. E.543 \fIGrades of service in analogue/digital international\fR
- \fItelephone exchanges\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Rec. E.410, E.411, E.412 and E.413 \fINetwork management\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Series E. Recommendations Supplement No. 1 \fIList of possible\fR
- \fIsupplementary telephone services which may be offered to subscribers\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Series E. Recommendations Supplement No. 2 \fIVarious tones\fR
- \fIused in national networks\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Recs. G.120\(hyG.123 \fIGeneral characteristics of national systems\fR
- \fIforming part of international connections\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Rec. G.121 \fICorrected reference equivalents (CREs) of\fR
- \fInational systems\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Rec. G.122 \fIInfluence of national networks on stability and\fR
- \fIecho losses in national systems\fR .
- .bp
- .LP
- CCITT Rec. G.123 \fICircuit noise in national networks\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Rec. G.231 (2) \fIUse of standard components in transmission\fR
- \fIequipment\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Rec. G.703 \fIGeneral aspects of interfaces\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Rec. G.704 \fIFunctional characteristics of interfaces associated
- with\fR \fInetwork nodes\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Rec. G.705 \fICharacteristics required to terminate digital paths
- on a\fR \fIdigital exchange\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Recs. G.731\(hyG.739 \fIPrincipal characteristics of primary\fR
- \fImultiplex equipment\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Recs. G.741\(hyG.746 \fIPrincipal characteristics of second order\fR
- \fImultiplex equipments\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Rec. G.811 \fIPerformance of clocks suitable for plesiochronous\fR
- \fIoperation of international digital links\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Rec. G.822 \fIControlled slip rate objectives on an international\fR
- \fIdigital connection\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Rec. I.412 \fIISDN user\(hynetwork interfaces\(hychannel structures
- and\fR
- \fIaccess capabilities\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Rec. M.565 \fIAccess point for international telephone circuits\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Rec. O.22 \fISpecification for the CCITT automatic transmission\fR
- \fImeasuring and signalling testing equipment ATME No.\ 2\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Rec. Q.7 \fISignalling systems to be used for international\fR
- \fIautomatic and semi\(hyautomatic telephone working\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Rec. Q.12 \fIOverflow\(hyalternative routing \(em rerouting \(em\fR
- \fIautomatic repeat attempt\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Rec. Q.14 \fIMeans to control the number of satellite links in an\fR
- \fIinternational telephone connection\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Rec. Q.15 \fINominal mean power during the busy hour\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Rec. Q.16 \fIMaximum permissible value for the absolute power\fR
- \fIlevel of a signalling pulse\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Rec. Q.21 \fISystems recommended for out\(hyband signalling\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Rec. Q.23 \fITechnical features of push\(hybutton telephone sets\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Rec. Q.24 \fIMulti\(hyfrequency push\(hybutton signal reception\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Rec. Q.33 \fIProtection against the effects of faulty transmission
- on\fR \fIgroups of circuits\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Rec. Q.35 \fICharacteristics of the dial tone, ringing tone,\fR
- \fIbusy tone, congestion tone, special information tone and warning tone\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Rec. Q.45 \fITransmission characteristics of an international\fR
- \fIexchange\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Rec. Q.48 \fIDemand assignment signalling systems\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Rec. Q.49 \fISpecification for the CCITT automatic transmission\fR
- \fImeasuring and signalling testing equipment ATME No.\ 2\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Recs. Q.101\(hyQ.103, Q.105\(hyQ.118 \fIbis Clauses applicable
- to CCITT\fR
- \fIstandard systems\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Rec. Q.103 \fINumbering used\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Rec. Q.105 \fINational (significant) number\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Rec. Q.106 \fIThe sending\(hyfinished signal\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Rec. Q.107 \fIStandard sending sequence of forward address\fR
- \fIinformation\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Rec. Q.107 \fIbis Analysis of forward address information\fR
- \fIfor routing\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Rec. Q.108 \fIOne\(hyway or both\(hyway operation of international\fR
- \fIcircuits\fR .
- .bp
- .LP
- CCITT Rec. Q.110 \fIGeneral aspects of the utilization of\fR \fIstandardized
- CCITT signalling systems on PCM links\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Rec. Q.115 \fIControl of echo suppressors\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Recs. Q.118 \fISpecial release arrangements\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Recs. Q.251\(hyQ.300 \fISpecifications of Signalling System No. 6\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Rec. Q.263 \fIDouble seizing with both\(hyway operation\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Recs. Q.310\(hyQ.331 \fISpecifications of Signalling System R1\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Recs. Q.400\(hyQ.490 \fISpecifications of Signalling System R2\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Recs. Q.500\(hyQ.554 \fIDigital local, transit, combined and\fR
- \fIinternational exchanges in integrated digital networks and mixed\fR
- \fIanalogue\(hydigital networks\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Recs. Q.601\(hyQ.685 \fIInterworking of signalling systems\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Recs. Q.701\(hyQ.795 \fISpecifications of Signalling System No. 7\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Rec. Q.920 \fIISDN user\(hynetwork interface data link layer \(em
- General\fR \fIaspects\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Rec. Q.921 \fIISDN user\(hynetwork interface data link layer\fR
- \fIspecification\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Rec. Q.930 \fIISDN user\(hynetwork interface layer\ 3 \(em General
- aspects\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Rec. Q.931 \fIISDN user\(hynetwork interface layer\ 3 specification for
- basic call control\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Series Q. Recommendations Supplement No. 3 \fIInformation\fR
- \fIreceived on national voice\(hyfrequency signalling systems\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Rec. Z.100 Series \fIFunctional specification and description\fR
- \fIlanguage (SDL)\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Rec. Z.200 Series \fICCITT high level language (CHILL)\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Rec. Z.300 Series \fIMan\(hymachine language (MML)\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Recs. Z.301\(hyZ.302 \fIGeneral principles\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Rec. Z.301 \fIIntroduction to the CCITT man\(hymachine language\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Recs. Z.311\(hyZ.317 \fIBasic syntax and dialogue procedures\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Recs. Z.321\(hyZ.323 \fIExtended MML for visual display terminals\fR .
- .LP
- CCITT Recs. Z.331\(hyZ.333 \fISpecification of man\(hymachine\fR \fIinterface\fR
- .
- .bp
- .ce 1000
- ANNEX\ A
- .ce 0
- .ce 1000
- (to Recommendation Q.4)
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .ce 0
- .ce 1000
- \fBList of possible subscriber services and facilities\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ce 0
- .LP
- Subscriber services
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fIBasic services\fR \v'3p'
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- subscriber dialled local, long distance, and international
- calling with automatic charging
- .LP
- \(em
- PBX line hunting, night service, and direct dialling\(hyin
- .LP
- \(em
- payphone
- .LP
- \(em
- access to operators for assistance and information
- .LP
- \(em
- access to community services (police, fire brigade, etc.)
- .LP
- \(em
- access to recorded announcements
- .LP
- \(em
- call barring
- .LP
- \(em
- malicious call trace
- .LP
- \(em
- interception of calls
- .LP
- \(em
- absent subscriber
- .LP
- \(em
- line observation
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fISupplementary services\fR \v'3p'
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- abbreviated dialling
- .LP
- \(em
- alarm call
- .LP
- \(em
- hot line
- .LP
- \(em
- outgoing service restriction
- .LP
- \(em
- call diversion
- .LP
- \(em
- call waiting
- .LP
- \(em
- do not disturb
- .LP
- \(em
- call completion to busy subscribers
- .LP
- \(em
- switching\(hyin not permitted
- .LP
- \(em
- call charge indicator at subscriber's premises
- .LP
- \(em
- immediate call charge announcement
- .LP
- \(em
- priority line
- .LP
- \(em
- two party line
- .LP
- \(em
- multiparty line
- .LP
- \(em
- multifrequency push\(hybutton (MFPB) dialling
- .LP
- \(em
- mobile subscriber
- .LP
- \(em
- conference service
- .LP
- \(em
- Centrex services
- .LP
- \(em
- other services
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 8P
- .LP
- .bp
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fBRecommendation\ Q.5\fR
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .ce 1000
- \fBADVANTAGES\ OF\ SEMI\(hyAUTOMATIC\ SERVICE\fR
- .EF '% Fascicle\ VI.1\ \(em\ Rec.\ Q.5''
- .OF '''Fascicle\ VI.1\ \(em\ Rec.\ Q.5 %'
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fBIN\ THE\ INTERNATIONAL\ TELEPHONE\ SERVICE\fR
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fI(Geneva, 1954)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- The\ CCITT,
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fIconsidering\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- (a)
- the large economies in personnel that can result from
- the introduction of semi\(hyautomatic service at the incoming exchange;
- .PP
- (b)
- the very small number of faults due to the equipment
- used for the international semi\(hyautomatic service;
- .PP
- (c)
- the improvement in the \*Qefficiency\*U (ratio of chargeable time to total
- holding time) of circuits using semi\(hyautomatic service compared with
- the efficiency of manual circuits operated on a demand basis;
- .PP
- (d)
- the improvement in the quality of the service given to users due to the
- reduction in the time of setting up a call;
- .PP
- (e)
- the fact that any type of call can be set up without
- difficulty over semi\(hyautomatic circuits, so that semi\(hyautomatic circuits
- can be used exclusively on an international relation;
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fIdraws the attention\fR | f Administrations
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- to the advantages of semi\(hyautomatic service from the point of view of
- economy and of the quality of service given to subscribers.
- .LP
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fBRecommendation\ Q.6\fR
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fBADVANTAGES\ OF\ INTERNATIONAL\ AUTOMATIC\ WORKING\fR
- .EF '% Fascicle\ VI.1\ \(em\ Rec.\ Q.6''
- .OF '''Fascicle\ VI.1\ \(em\ Rec.\ Q.6 %'
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fI(New Delhi, 1960)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- The\ CCITT,
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fIconsidering\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- (a)
- that the advantages of semi\(hyautomatic working mentioned in Recommendation\
- Q.5 apply as well to automatic working in respect of
- reliability, circuit efficiency and the satisfaction given to
- subscribers;
- .PP
- (b)
- that the advantages of automatic working are even
- greater as regards staff economy, since outgoing operators are dispensed with;
- .PP
- (c)
- that the changeover from semi\(hyautomatic to automatic
- working may be accomplished without any major modification to the
- international circuits or to the switching equipment at transit and incoming
- .LP
- exchanges;
- .PP
- (d)
- that by 1960 the above advantages had been widely
- confirmed by experience on a number of international relations which had
- been using automatic service up to that time;
- .PP
- (e)
- that such experience has also shown that when a relation changes from demand
- working (manual or semi\(hyautomatic) to automatic working,
- there is a considerable increase in traffic;
- .PP
- (f
- )
- that the introduction of an international
- automatic service follows logically on the introduction of a national automatic
- service;
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fIdraws the attention\fR | f Administrations
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- to the additional advantages resulting from the introduction of an international
- automatic service.
- .bp
- .LP
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fBRecommendation\ Q.7\fR
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .ce 1000
- \fBSIGNALLING\ SYSTEMS\ TO\ BE\ USED\ FOR\ INTERNATIONAL\ AUTOMATIC\fR
- .EF '% Fascicle\ VI.1\ \(em\ Rec.\ Q.7''
- .OF '''Fascicle\ VI.1\ \(em\ Rec.\ Q.7 %'
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fBAND\ SEMI\(hyAUTOMATIC\ TELEPHONE\ WORKING\fR
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fI(Geneva, 1954 and 1964, Mar del Plata, 1968,\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fIGeneva, 1976 and 1980)\fR
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- The\ CCITT,
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fIconsidering\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- (a)
- that standardization of the signalling systems to be
- used for international automatic and semi\(hy
- automatic telephone
- working is necessary to keep to a minimum the number of different types of
- equipment serving the various routes at any one exchange;
- .LP
- .PP
- (b)
- that the following signalling systems have been
- standardized and are applicable for \fIgeneral use\fR in international
- automatic
- and semi\(hyautomatic working:
- .LP
- \(em
- Signalling System No.\ 4, standardized by the CCIF in\ 1954;
- .LP
- \(em
- Signalling System No.\ 5, standardized by the CCITT in 1964;
- .LP
- \(em
- Signalling System No.\ 6, standardized by the CCITT in\ 1968;
- .LP
- \(em
- Signalling System No.\ 7, standardized by the CCITT in\ 1980;
- .LP
- .PP
- (c)
- that the following signalling systems have been
- standardized and are applicable for \fIregional use\fR in international
- automatic and semi\(hyautomatic telephone working:
- .LP
- \(em
- Signalling System R1 (Regional Signalling System No. 1,
- formerly called the North American System), standardized by the
- CCITT in 1968;
- .LP
- \(em
- Signalling System R2 (Regional Signalling System No. 2,
- formerly called the MFC Bern System), standardized by the
- CCITT in 1968;
- .PP
- (d)
- that, under the conditions and subject to the
- reservations stated below, these signalling systems may be expected to give
- acceptable results for international automatic and semi\(hyautomatic telephone
- working;
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fIdesiring\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- that the CCITT Recommendation concerning the signalling systems
- for international automatic and semi\(hyautomatic telephone working be
- generally applied by all Administrations;
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fIunanimously recommends\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- that, under the conditions and subject to the reservations stated below,
- Administrations should use, for international automatic and
- semi\(hyautomatic telephone working, one or more of the standard signalling
- systems mentioned in\ (b) and\ (c) above.
- .LP
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB1\fR \fBCriteria for selecting a signalling system\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- Many factors influence the selection of a given signalling system for a
- particular application. Factors that should be considered include:
- .RT
- .PP
- 1.1
- \fISatellite systems\fR | ecause of long
- round\(hytrip propagation
- delays
- (540\ \(+-\ 40 ms)
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The inclusion of one satellite link in a telephone connection
- requires subscribers to keep more discipline than usual during a conversation.
- If use is made of two satellite links in tandem, requirements are even
- more
- stringent. In addition, there is the question of what transmission objectives
- are attainable on such a connection.
- .bp
- .PP
- According to Recommendation Q.13 the inclusion of two
- satellite links in a connection should be avoided in all but exceptional
- cases. To facilitate the observance of this Recommendation, it is advisable
- to inform the subsequent transit centres by means of signalling that a
- satellite link is already included in the connection. During the following
- routing process the
- transit centre(s) should select a terrestrial link.
- .RT
- .LP
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 1.2
- \fIEcho suppressors\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Both long terrestrial telephone links
- and satellite links call for the insertion of echo suppressors.
- Recommendations\ G.131\ [1] and\ Q.115 include basic requirements for the
- insertion of echo suppressors.
- .PP
- Therefore, signalling systems should be arranged to act in cooperation
- with switching equipment to achieve the goals covered by
- Recommendations\ G.131\ [1] and\ Q.115. This would be facilitated where the
- signalling system to be used provides the possibility of controlling the
- inclusion of echo suppressors.
- .PP
- In the future, the use of echo cancellers may need to be
- considered (see Recommendation\ G.165\ [2]).
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 1.3
- \fISpeech interpolation systems (e.g. TASI)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- In the case of a transmission system with speech interpolation, it must
- be ensured that the signalling system to be used is compatible with
- speech interpolation.
- .RT
- .LP
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB2\fR \fBFurther criteria for selecting a signalling system\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- Once Administrations decide to establish a route, they will have to specify
- the general requirements to be met by the signalling system.
- .PP
- In the following, some questions are drawn up which may serve as a
- guideline:
- .RT
- .LP
- a)
- Does the transmission system provide for sufficient
- bandwidth (e.g. for outband line signalling)?
- .LP
- b)
- Is the signal capacity sufficient to allow the setting\(hyup
- of an ordinary connection?
- .LP
- c)
- Is an additional exchange of information required,
- e.g.:
- .LP
- \(em
- for echo suppressor control,
- .LP
- \(em
- to increase routing facilities,
- .LP
- \(em
- to obtain or to offer detailed information on congestion,
- .LP
- \(em
- to obtain or to offer information on the condition of the
- called subscriber line,
- .LP
- \(em
- to obtain or to offer information on the nature of the call:
- .LP
- i)
- for identification or
- .LP
- ii)
- for management purposes?
- .LP
- d)
- What requirements have to be set for the speed of the
- signalling system? What post\(hydialling and answering delays are to be
- tolerated?
- .LP
- e)
- Is there any interdependence between the minimum bundle
- size and signalling (e.g., as in the case of pilot interruption control of
- Signalling System\ R2)?
- .LP
- \fI\fR f
- )
- In the case of satellite systems, does the earth
- station require an extra interface between the terrestrial access circuits
- and the satellite links?
- .LP
- g)
- Is it necessary to introduce a new signalling system?
- .LP
- h)
- Is the signalling system suitable for application to the
- particular exchange type, e.g., electro\(hy
- mechanical
- exchanges?
- .bp
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB3\fR \fBCharacteristics of the standard CCITT Signalling Systems for\fR
- \fBgeneral use\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.1
- \fISignalling System No. 4\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Described and specified in Fascicle\ VI.2.
- .PP
- Suitable for one\(hyway operation.
- .PP
- Suitable for terminal and transit working; in the latter case two or three
- circuits equipped with Signalling System No.\ 4 may be switched in
- tandem.
- .PP
- Signalling System No. 4 is used in Europe and the Mediterranean
- Basin.
- .PP
- It makes use of a two\(hyfrequency code within the speech band.
- .PP
- A four\(hyelement binary code is employed for interregister signalling.
- Each of these elements consists of one of the two signal frequencies.
- .PP
- Each digit is acknowledged. In the case of long propagation times,
- these acknowledgements have an adverse effect because the propagation time
- is included twice in one signalling cycle. This disadvantage is more or
- less
- compensated for by the overlap mode of operation.
- .PP
- Signalling System No. 4 has a signal capacity of 16 codes for forward interregister
- signals and no register signals in the backward direction other than the
- acknowledgement signals.
- .PP
- One signal is provided for echo suppressor control on mutual
- agreement.
- .PP
- A signal is not provided to indicate whether the connection already
- includes a satellite link.
- .PP
- Not suitable for operation on transmission systems with speech
- interpolation.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.2
- \fISignalling System No. 5\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Described and specified in Fascicle\ VI.2.
- .PP
- Suitable for both\(hyway operation.
- .PP
- Suitable for terminal and transit working; in the latter case two or three
- circuits equipped with Signalling System No. 5 may be switched in
- tandem.
- .PP
- A multifrequency code (MFC: 2 out of 6) within the speech band is used
- for interregister signalling. The line signals consist of\ 1 or 2\ frequencies
- within the speech band.
- .PP
- The entire address information is stored up to the last signal. It is then
- transmitted en bloc as a rapid sequence of pulsed multifrequency code
- signals.
- .PP
- The application of the en bloc mode of operation may result in an
- increased post\(hydialling delay, especially if the ST\ condition is determined
- by time out.
- .PP
- Signalling System No. 5 has a signal capacity of 15\ codes for forward
- interregister signals and no backward interregister signals.
- .PP
- Signals are not provided either for echo suppressor control or for
- indicating whether the connection already includes a satellite link.
- .PP
- Suitable for operation on transmission systems with speech
- interpolation and on satellite links.
- .RT
- .LP
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.3
- \fISignalling System R1\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Described and specified in Fascicle\ VI.4.
- .PP
- Signalling System R1 is mainly used in North America.
- .PP
- Suitable for both\(hyway operation.
- .PP
- Specified for terminal working.
- .PP
- A multifrequency code (MFC: 2 out of 6) within the speech band is used
- for interregister signalling.
- .PP
- In the analogue version of the Signalling System R1 line signalling, one
- frequency within the speech band is used. In the digital version of the
- Signalling System R1 line signalling, the two resultant signalling channels
- per speech circuit may be regarded as outband channels.
- .PP
- The following three modes of operation can be used to transmit the
- address information:
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- en bloc,
- .LP
- \(em
- en bloc/overlap, or
- .LP
- \(em
- overlap.
- .bp
- .PP
- The mode of operation selected influences:
- .LP
- \(em
- the seizing time of the next link, as well as
- .LP
- \(em
- the post\(hydialling delay.
- .LP
- .PP
- The address information is transmitted as pulsed MFC signals.
- .PP
- Signalling System R1 has a signal capacity of 15 codes for forward
- interregister signals but no backward interregister signals.
- .PP
- Signals are not provided either for echo suppressor control or for
- indicating whether the connection already includes a satellite link.
- .PP
- Signalling System R1 can be used on satellite links. A variant of
- Signalling System\ R1 may be suitable for operation on transmission systems
- with digital speech interpolation, provided that the systems are designed
- and
- engineered to be transparent to pulsed interregister signals.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.4
- \fISignalling System R2\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Described and specified in Fascicle\ VI.4.
- .PP
- Used for one\(hyway operation on analogue transmission systems. Both\(hyway
- operation is possible on digital transmission systems.
- .PP
- Suitable for terminal and transit working.
- .PP
- Signalling System R2 is used in both national and international
- telephone networks in several regions of the world.
- .PP
- A multifrequency code (MFC: 2 out of 6) within the speech band is used
- for interregister signalling. Since two different sets of six frequencies
- in
- separate bands are defined for forward and backward interregister signals,
- Signalling System\ R2 interregister signalling is suitable for use on 2\(hywire
- circuits as well as on 4\(hywire circuits.
- .PP
- For the analogue version of the Signalling System R2 line signalling, use
- is made of a low\(hylevel
- tone\(hyon\(hyidle method
- out of band. In
- addition, pilot interruption control is used.
- .PP
- The digital version of the line signalling uses two signalling
- channels to transmit the signalling information and for circuit supervision.
- For 2048\ kbit/s PCM systems, the signalling information of the 30\ speech
- circuits is transmitted in the Time Slot\ 16 (see Recommendation\ G.732\ [3]).
- .PP
- It should be noted that the analogue version of the line signalling
- can be used on digital links; the signalling states are sent coded on one
- signalling channel. This use of the analogue version on digital links is not
- recommended on international circuits.
- .PP
- When a circuit is composed of both digital and analogue links, a
- conversion between the two versions of the line signalling can occur at the
- interface (see Recommendation\ Q.430).
- .PP
- Compelled signalling is used to transmit the address information
- in the overlap mode as multifrequency code signals, i.e., each forward
- interregister signal is acknowledged by a backward interregister signal.
- Considering that four\ times the propagation time is to be included in one
- signalling cycle, the exchange of signals is rather slow if the propagation
- time is long. This disadvantage is more or less compensated for by the
- overlap mode of operation.
- .PP
- Signalling System R2 has a higher signalling capacity than Signalling Systems\
- No.\ 4, No.\ 5 and\ R1. The interregister signals allow, amongst
- others:
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- improved routing,
- .LP
- \(em
- detailed information on congestion,
- .LP
- \(em
- information on:
- .LP
- i)
- the nature of call,
- .LP
- ii)
- the condition of the called subscriber line,
- .LP
- \(em
- no\(hycharge calls, and
- .LP
- \(em
- address\(hycomplete information.
- .PP
- Signalling System R2 includes both forward and backward
- interregister signals for echo suppressor control.
- .bp
- .PP
- In Signalling System R2, two signals are specified which indicate
- whether \fIor not\fR | he connection already includes a satellite link.
- .PP
- Signalling System R2 may be suitable for use on satellite circuits,
- especially when it is already employed in the national or regional telephone
- networks concerned.
- .PP
- When Signalling System R2 is to be used on satellite links, the
- following must be borne in mind:
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- In the case of analogue line signalling, intervals T1 and T2 have to
- be adapted.
- .LP
- \(em
- Pilot interruption control requires bundles comprising a
- multiple of 12\ speech circuits.
- .LP
- \(em
- The register at the incoming end of a satellite link using
- Signalling System R2 shall be operated as an outgoing
- R2 register.
- .LP
- \(em
- The guard time for blocking and recognition of forward
- signals when pulsed signals are transmitted should be adapted to the
- propagation time on the satellite link.
- .PP
- Signalling System R2 may be suitable for operation on transmission systems
- with digital speech interpolation, provided the systems are designed
- and engineered to be transparent to pulsed interregister signals.
- .PP
- With 3 kHz spaced channels, the interregister signalling of Signalling
- System\ R2 may be used with the line signalling of Signalling System\ No.\
- 4.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.5
- \fISignalling System No. 6\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Fully described and specified in Fascicle\ VI.3.
- .PP
- Suitable for both\(hyway operation.
- .PP
- Suitable for terminal and transit working.
- .PP
- During the period from 1970 to 1972 Signalling System No. 6 was tested
- internationally.
- .PP
- Some Administrations have introduced it for international telephone
- traffic. A variant of Signalling System No. 6 is employed in the national
- telephone network of the United States.
- .PP
- A common signalling link is used for signalling.
- .PP
- May be used in either an associated or quasi\(hyassociated mode of
- operation. Use in a quasi\(hyassociated mode may be more economic for small
- bundles of circuits.
- .PP
- Signalling is performed by means of signal units. Each unit is 28\ bits
- in length, including 8\ check bits. Transmission is at a speed of 2400\
- bit/s
- .PP
- for the analogue version and 4\ kbit/s (optionally 56\ kbit/s) for the digital
- version.
- .PP
- Each signal unit within a block of 11\ signal units is acknowledged and
- retransmitted in case of errors.
- .PP
- The address information can be transmitted en bloc and in the overlap mode.
- Because the transmission speed of Signalling System No.\ 6 is considerably
- higher than that of channel\(hyassociated signalling systems, the influence
- of the mode of operation on the post\(hydialling delay is reduced substantially.
- .PP
- The signal capacity (including the spare codes) of Signalling
- System\ No.\ 6 is much higher than that of Signalling Systems\ No.\ 4, No.\ 5,
- R1\ and\ R2.
- .PP
- Signalling System No.\ 6 contains signals for echo suppressor control as
- well as signals indicating whether a satellite link is already included
- in the connection.
- .PP
- Signalling System No.\ 6 can be used for all types of telephone
- circuits including those with speech interpolation.
- .PP
- Signalling System No.\ 6 can be used on satellite links.
- .RT
- .LP
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.6
- \fISignalling System No. 7\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Fully described and specified in Fascicles\ VI.7, VI.8 and\ VI.9.
- .PP
- Suitable for both\(hyway operation.
- .PP
- Suitable for terminal and transit working.
- .PP
- A common signalling link is used for signalling.
- .PP
- Signalling System No. 7 can be used in national and international
- telecommunication networks.
- .bp
- .PP
- Signalling System No. 7 can be used for dedicated networks (e.g.\ data
- transmission, telephone) and within an integrated services digital network.
- It is the preferred signalling system between Integrated Digital Network
- (IDN) exchanges and within the Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN).
- .PP
- Signalling System No. 7 may be used in either an associated or
- quasi\(hyassociated mode of operation. Use in a quasi\(hyassociated mode
- may be more economical for small bundles of circuits.
- .PP
- Variable length signal units with an integer number of octets are used
- of which 6\ perform message transfer part functions. Signalling System\
- No.\ 7 is optimized for a digital bearer with transmission speed of 64\
- kbit/s, but
- operation at lower speeds (e.g.\ 4.8\ kbit/s) on analogue bearers is possible.
- .PP
- Two error control methods (basic and preventive cyclic retransmission)
- are specified, each with its own field of application. In the basic method
- each signal unit is acknowledged and retransmitted in case of errors while
- in the
- preventive cyclic retransmission method no negative acknowledgements occur
- and error correction is performed by retransmission during idle periods
- of not yet acknowledged signal units.
- .PP
- The address information can be transmitted en bloc and in the overlap mode.
- Because the transmission speed of Signalling System\ No.\ 7 is considerably
- higher than that of channel\(hyassociated signalling systems, the influence
- of the mode of operation on the post\(hydialling delay is reduced substantially.
- .PP
- The signal capacity (including the spare codes) of Signalling
- System\ No.\ 7 is much higher than that of Signalling Systems\ No.\ 4, No.\ 5,
- R1 and\ R2.
- .PP
- Signalling System\ No.\ 7 contains signals for echo suppressor control
- as well as signals indicating whether a satellite link is already included
- in the connection.
- .PP
- Signalling System\ No.\ 7 can be used for all types of telephone
- circuits including those with speech interpolation.
- .PP
- Signalling System\ No.\ 7 can be used on satellite links.
- .RT
- .LP
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fBReferences\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .LP
- [1]
- CCITT Recommendation \fIStability and echo\fR , Vol.\ III, Rec.\ G.131.
- .LP
- [2]
- CCITT Recommendation \fIEcho cancellers\fR , Vol.\ III, Rec.\ G.165.
- .LP
- [3]
- CCITT Recommendation \fICharacteristics of primary PCM multiplex\fR
- \fIequipment operating at\ 2048 kbit/s\fR , Vol.\ III, Rec.\ G.732.
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fBRecommendation\ Q.8\fR
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .ce 1000
- \fBSIGNALLING\ SYSTEMS\ TO\ BE\ USED\ FOR\ INTERNATIONAL\ MANUAL\fR
- .EF '% Fascicle\ VI.1\ \(em\ Rec.\ Q.8''
- .OF '''Fascicle\ VI.1\ \(em\ Rec.\ Q.8 %'
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fBAND\ AUTOMATIC\ WORKING\ ON\ ANALOGUE\ LEASED\ CIRCUITS\fR
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- The\ CCITT,
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fIconsidering\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- (a)
- that standardization of signalling systems to be used
- for international manual and automatic working on analogue leased circuits
- brings advantages to Administrations, manufacturers and users;
- .PP
- (b)
- that manual and automatic operation of international
- leased circuits require different technical arrangements;
- .PP
- (c)
- that the standard signalling systems set out in
- Recommendation\ Q.7 are primarily intended for the public service;
- .PP
- (d)
- that the national circuit sections of international
- leased circuits may need to conform to local regulations of the
- Administration(s) concerned;
- .PP
- (e)
- that the method of signalling will be affected by the
- type of transmission and vice versa;
- .PP
- (f
- )
- that the method of signalling will be affected by the characteristics of
- the service(s) carried on the circuit;
- .bp
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fIrecommends\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- that Administrations should use for manual international analogue leased
- circuits the standard signalling system specified in \(sc\ 1 below;
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- and \fIdraws the attention\fR | f Administrations
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- to the guidance clauses and related annexes concerning automatic signalling
- on international analogue leased circuits, as set out in \(sc\ 2
- below.
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB1\fR \fBSignalling on manual international analogue leased circuits\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 1.1
- Signalling shall take place by the transmission of a single
- frequency signalling current, analogous to the signalling method used in the
- international manual service and specified in Recommendations\ Q.1 and\ Q.2.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 1.2
- The signalling current shall have a nominal frequency of either
- 2280\ Hz or 2600\ Hz. One of these frequencies shall be chosen for both
- directions of transmission by bilateral agreement between the Administrations
- concerned. Failing such an agreement, each Administration shall determine
- which of the two frequencies it wishes to receive.
- .PP
- 1.3
- The duration of the transmitted tone shall be between 300 ms and 2\ seconds.
- The upper limit of 2\ seconds allows the partial use of signalling
- equipment designed for 500/20\ Hz working according to Recommendation\ Q.1.
- .PP
- 1.4
- The signal recognition time shall be between 100 ms and
- 200\ ms:
- .LP
- \(em
- The minimum duration of 100 ms has been chosen so as to
- avoid the recognition of false signals due to imitation by
- speech currents;
- .LP
- \(em
- The maximum duration of 200 ms has been chosen so as to allow
- a safe margin between this time and the minimum transmission
- time.
- .PP
- Exceptionally, a maximum signal recognition time of 1200 ms may be used
- where it is known that the transmitted signal has a 2\ second duration.
- Such arrangements allow the partial use of signalling equipment designed for
- 500/20\ Hz working according to Recommendation\ Q.1.
- .PP
- 1.5
- Other technical clauses for 2280 Hz signalling are set out in Annex\ A
- to this Recommendation.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 1.6
- Other technical clauses for 2600 Hz signalling are set out in Annex\ B
- to this Recommendation.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB2\fR \fBSignalling on automatic international analogue leased circuits\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 2.1
- This section refers to international analogue leased circuits employing
- automatic signalling. Such circuits are considered to form part of a private
- network extending across international frontiers and linking exchanges
- carrying out the switching function in a private network. The exchanges
- may be Private Automatic Branch Exchanges (PABXs). Private tandem exchanges,
- or
- switching equipments provided by the Administration to carry out switching
- functions in a private network. Where the exchanges are privately owned,
- part of the signalling function may be provided by the Administration.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- This Recommendation does not cover the case of international
- leased circuits directly connecting subscriber lines to remote switching
- equipment. However, most of the following text is equally applicable to this
- case. Annex\ D, \(sc\ D.3 and Annex\ E give further information on such
- signalling.
- .PP
- 2.2
- Many Administrations have regulations concerning the use of
- signalling frequencies on leased circuits and these may apply to international
- leased circuits also. These regulations are intended to ensure non\(hyinterference
- between parts of the voice spectrum used for signalling and those available
- for use by subscriber apparatus. This does not create exceptional difficulties
- for manual working since the frequencies used (2280\ Hz, 2600\ Hz) can
- be converted to other acceptable frequencies at the Terminal International
- Centre. However, for automatic circuits it should be the aim to provide
- an uninterrupted path
- between the ends of the leased circuit.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Some World regions have existing or proposed signalling systems
- which meet the regulatory arrangements in those regions and a summary of two
- such systems are given in Annexes\ C and\ D to this Recommendation.
- Administrations are invited to note these existing systems that may meet
- their needs for automatic signalling on analogue leased circuits.
- .bp
- .PP
- 2.3
- In order to reduce the cost of providing leased circuits some inter\(hyregional
- leased circuits may be provided with various forms of bandwidth economizing
- systems, such as speech interpolation systems and digital voice
- compression. These systems usually have their own internal digital signalling
- capability and these are not covered by this Recommendation, except that
- the
- effect that speech interpolation equipment has on analogue signalling is
- discussed.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 2.4
- In the most general case, the choice of signalling and
- transmission in a private network will be determined by the availability of
- suitable equipment, and by the decisions of the network user and the
- Administrations concerned. The following sections give guidance on transmission
- factors which affect signalling, the important characteristics of signalling
- systems which could affect the choice of transmission medium, and the
- interaction between signalling and non\(hyvoice services.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.5
- \fITransmission factors\fR \v'3p'
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 2.5.1
- Recommendations for the transmission characteristics of leased
- circuits forming part of a private telephone network are given in
- Recommendation\ G.171.
- .PP
- 2.5.2
- Where large groups of circuits are concerned and the transmission multiplex
- equipment is on the renter's premises, it is advisable to protect
- against the effects of faulty transmission on groups of circuits.
- Recommendation\ Q.33 gives details of such measures.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.5.3
- \fISatellite systems\fR \v'3p'
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- i)
- Some signalling systems will not function correctly over
- satellite links since the long
- propagation delay
- (270\ \(+-\ 20\ ms
- one way) exceeds that assumed by the line signalling
- specification. Amongst the standard systems for public
- telephony, Signalling System\ R2 incorporates special precautions
- because of this delay. In addition the speed of multi\(hyfrequency
- compelled interregister signalling is affected, which may cause
- undesirable post\(hydialling delay. If signalling systems based on
- R2 are used in private networks then reference should be made to
- information contained in Recommendations\ Q.7
- and\ Q.400 to\ Q.490.
- .LP
- ii)
- Consideration should be given to the possibility that two
- satellite links may, in some cases, need to be connected in
- tandem. Means to prevent this may also need to be considered.
- (Further information is contained in Recommendations\ E.171,
- G.131, Q.14 and\ Q.115.)
- .LP
- iii)
- If satellite links via Time Division Multiple Access
- Systems with Digital Speech Interpolation (TDMA/DSI) are used,
- then guidance on circuit supervision signalling arrangements can
- be found in Recommendation\ Q.33. However, Digital
- Non\(hyInterpolated (DNI) channels are usually assigned for leased
- circuits and these exhibit fewer problems for signalling.
- .LP
- iv)
- If satellite links via Single Channel Per Carrier (SCPC)
- systems are used, then it should be noted that these systems
- employ voice activated carriers for telephony type circuits. On
- transmission systems of this type, the use of tone\(hyon\(hyidle
- signalling systems should be avoided, since such signalling
- systems would override the voice activation feature of SCPC
- systems.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.5.4
- \fIEcho control\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Paragraph 9 of Recommendation G.171 should be observed concerning the
- location of echo control devices where these are required. All analogue
- channel associated signalling systems operate more effectively if the line
- signal
- receiver, and often the line signal sender also, are located on the line
- side of any echo control device. In addition, some signalling systems require
- echo control devices to be locally disabled during interregister signalling.
- For these reasons, the echo control device should be located at the private
- renter's premises and not the terminal international centre.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.5.5
- \fISpeech interpolation\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Some signalling systems may not be compatible with speech
- interpolation systems for the following reasons:
- .RT
- .LP
- i)
- Signalling systems employing continuous state tone
- signalling will cause permanent operation of the speech
- detectors and thus permanent trunk to channel association. This
- prevents the correct operation of the interpolation process.
- .LP
- ii)
- The speech interpolation equipment may not be transparent
- to out\(hyband signalling.
- .bp
- .LP
- iii)
- The speech interpolation equipment may cause excessive
- clipping of pulse signals resulting in their non\(hyrecognition by
- the distant signalling equipment.
- .LP
- iv)
- The speech interpolation equipment may not provide
- sufficient speech detector hangover to allow the successful
- transmission of some signals, e.g.\ en bloc multi\(hyfrequency
- signals.
- .PP
- Information on the characteristics of some speech interpolation
- systems is given in Supplement No.\ 2 of Fascicle\ V1.1, though different
- systems may also be used on leased circuits.
- .PP
- In the case of continuous state tone signalling, compatibility with
- speech interpolation systems can be achieved by converting the tone signalling
- to interface with any in\(hybuilt signalling capability the system may
- provide. If the transmission difficulty only exists in the interregister
- signalling phase, then this can be obviated by the simultaneous transmission
- of a speech
- interpolation locking tone, e.g.\ 2800\ Hz.
- .PP
- Note that fully compelled signalling techniques are compatible with
- speech interpolation systems.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 2.6
- \fICharacteristics of signalling systems\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.6.1
- \fILine signalling systems\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Analogue line signalling systems can be divided into in\(hyband and
- out\(hyband systems. In addition, two signalling techniques may be employed:
- pulse signalling or continuous signalling.
- .PP
- Information on the comparative advantages of in\(hyband and out\(hyband
- systems can be found in Recommendation\ Q.20. General requirements for
- signalling equipment are contained in Recommendations\ Q.112
- to\ Q.114.
- .RT
- .LP
- i)
- \fIIn\(hyband systems\fR
- .LP
- According to Recommendation Q.22, signalling frequencies
- above 2000\ Hz should be used (but see also \(sc\(sc\ 2.7.1
- and\ 2.7.2 below).
- .LP
- The preferred power level for in\(hyband signalling is \(em9\ dBm0
- for pulsed signals and \(em20\ dBm0 for continuous signals (also see
- Recommendation\ Q.16).
- .LP
- In\(hyband systems require the use of a guarding characteristic
- to prevent false operation of the signalling equipment by speech
- currents. Even so, occasional receiver misoperation by speech
- can occur, and thus in the speech phase a suitable minimum
- signal recognition time should be chosen.
- .LP
- In\(hyband systems require the use of splitting techniques in
- order to confine the signalling frequencies to the link
- concerned, and this has an impact on minimum signal recognition
- times. Further information can be found in Recommendation\ Q.25.
- .LP
- If the leased circuit contains a digital transmission system
- in the terminal national section and this connects directly to a
- renter's digital PABX using a first order PCM system, then the
- detection of in\(hyband signalling requires digital filtering
- techniques.
- .LP
- ii)
- \fIOut\(hyband systems\fR
- .LP
- Recommendation G.171 does not provide for the use of
- out\(hyband signalling on leased circuits. Because of the
- frequencies used, out\(hyband signalling requires the use of a
- transparent 4\ kHz bandwidth between the two signalling
- equipments. Part of the signalling equipment is usually provided
- within the transmission equipment.
- .LP
- Nevertheless, where the required transmission facilities can
- be assured, out\(hyband signalling may provide a useful alternative
- to in\(hyband signalling. Preferred signalling frequencies and
- power levels for out\(hyband signalling are set out in
- Recommendation\ Q.21.
- .LP
- iii)
- \fIPulsed signalling\fR
- .LP
- Pulsed signalling allows a greater signal repertoire than
- continous signalling, but requires more complex signal
- recognition arrangements. In general, the signalling tone is
- recognized by the signal receiver but requires persistence
- checking and correlation with the circuit state before the
- signal is validated.
- .bp
- .LP
- iv)
- \fIContinuous signalling\fR
- .LP
- Usually continous signalling is arranged to operate with
- \*Q\fItone\(hyon\(hyidle\fR \*U. Such systems have the inherent advantage of
- allowing immediate identification of circuit availability.
- .LP
- Since only two signal states are available in each direction, the
- possible signal repertoire is lower than pulsed systems, but
- recognition arrangements are simpler. A single persistence
- timing is usually provided to validate changes of signalling
- state.
- .LP
- Where continuous in\(hyband signalling uses the \*Q\fItone\(hyon\fR \*U
- condition
- after the interregister signalling phase, means must be
- provided to prevent the calling or called parties from hearing
- the signalling tone without undue interference to the
- transmission of speech currents and tones. A band stop filter as
- used in Signalling System\ R1 (see Recommendation\ Q.313,
- \(sc\ 2.3.4) may be suitable. Alternatively, to obviate these
- difficulties, pulsed signalling could be used in the speech
- phase.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.6.2
- \fIInterregister signalling\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The following types of interregister signalling may be suitable
- for use on leased circuits:
- .RT
- .LP
- i)
- \fIDecadic signalling\fR
- .LP
- Signalling takes place using the same frequency and
- sender/receiver equipment as the line signalling. Forward
- signals are composed of a sequence of tone pulses analogous to
- subscriber line signalling employing rotary dials. Backward
- signals may not always be provided, but \fIproceed\(hyto\(hysend\fR and
- \fIaddress complete\fR signals can be used to advantage.
- .LP
- ii)
- \fIMulti\(hyfrequency signalling\fR
- .LP
- Multi\(hyfrequency (MF) signalling has the advantage of greater
- speed and signal repertoire than decadic systems. To provide both an
- adequate repertoire and signalling reliability, signals are
- composed of two frequencies from a set of\ 4, 5, 6 or 8\ frequencies.
- Different frequencies may be used for signalling in the backward
- direction. The frequencies used for MF signalling should lie below
- 2000\ Hz in order that they do not interfere with in\(hyband line
- signalling.
- .LP
- MF systems may transmit signals in pulse form, or in a compelled
- sequence with signals in the opposite direction. The preferred
- signal power level is \(em9\ dBm0 for each constituent tone.
- .LP
- Three existing MF systems may be suitable as the basis for
- signalling on leased circuits. These are:
- .LP
- 1)
- The dual tone multi\(hyfrequency system as specified in
- Recommendation Q.23 and modified to act as an
- interregister signalling system. (See
- also Recommendation\ Q.24.)
- .LP
- 2)
- Signalling System R1. See Recommendations Q.7 and
- Q.310 to\ Q.331.
- .LP
- 3)
- Signalling System R2. See Recommendations Q.7 and
- Q.400 to\ Q.490.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.6.3
- \fIOverall signalling repertoire\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Consideration should be given to providing a set of signals capable of
- being adapted for different situations to provide a signal capability for
- extending the scope of PABX supplementary services to encompass the private
- network as a whole, and to provide other network facilities. This is best
- achieved by the inclusion in the signalling repertoire of a set of auxiliary
- signals that are separate from the basic call set\(hyup and supervisory signals
- and can therefore be allocated in a flexible manner to the required
- function.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.6.4
- \fIPosition of signalling equipment\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Normally all signalling equipment for automatic leased circuits
- will be located at the renter's premises. Some Administrations may wish
- or may be able to provide part of the signalling equipment at the Terminal
- National
- Centre or the Terminal International Centre. In these cases, suitable
- signalling arrangements need to be made to interconnect the exchange at the
- renter's premises with the remote elements of the signalling equipment. This
- will be determined by the Administration concerned. Any echo control device
- could in this case also be remote, but see Recommendation G.171,
- \(sc\ 9.2.
- .bp
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.7
- \fIInteraction between signalling and non\(hyvoice services\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- As well as normal speech transmission, leased circuits can be used to provide
- for other types of service (see Recommendation\ M.1015).
- .PP
- The most common types are:
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- Voice\(hyfrequency telegraphy,
- .LP
- \(em
- Data transmission,
- .LP
- \(em
- Facsimile,
- .LP
- \(em
- Phototelegraphy.
- .PP
- Since these services use in\(hyband frequencies, there is a
- possibility of interaction with signalling, and the following general guidance
- is given below.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.7.1
- \fIVoice\(hyfrequency telegraphy\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Where voice\(hyfrequency telegraphy is carried on a telephone\(hytype
- leased circuit it will be by one of two methods:
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- \fIAlternate use\fR | see Recommendation M.1015). The circuit is switched
- at both ends between the telephone equipment and the
- photo\(hytelegraph equipment.
- .LP
- \(em
- Subdivision of the frequency band between telephone and
- telegraph services. (See Recommendation\ H.34.)
- .PP
- In the former case, the signalling equipment is disconnected
- during telegraph use and no interaction can take place. (Outgoing telephone
- circuits should be removed from service and blocked prior to service
- switching).
- .PP
- In the latter case, the in\(hyband telephone signalling must be confined
- to frequencies below 2500\ Hz since the attenuation at higher frequencies
- due to the separation filter cannot provide a reliable signalling path.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.7.2
- \fIData transmission\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Data transmission systems for use over leased circuits are
- specified in Recommendations\ V.16, V.19 to\ V.23, V.26 and\ V.27. These
- systems do not interact with the Standard Systems for the following reasons:
- .RT
- .LP
- i)
- In most cases, the data carriers lie below 2000\ Hz and thus
- below the range for voice frequency line signalling. However,
- when the carrier is modulated, energy may be present in the
- signalling band but false receiver operation is prevented by
- there being at all times a greater energy in the pass\(hyband of
- the guard circuit.
- .LP
- ii)
- In some cases, the carriers do lie in the signalling band
- above 2000\ Hz, but with constant phase modulation the guard
- circuit will operate as outlined in\ i) above. In the case of
- 1200\ bits/sec duplex transmission according to
- Recommendation\ V.22, a guard tone of 1800\ Hz is required in
- order to ensure guard circuit operation.
- .PP
- For signalling systems on automatic leased circuits therefore,
- providing the signalling frequency is above 2000\ Hz and that a guard circuit
- with a pass\(hyband covering the common data carrier frequencies is used, no
- problems are foreseen with interaction.
- .PP
- In order that duplex data transmission can take place on circuits
- equipped with echo control devices, the data set will transmit a tone disabling
- signal with the following characteristics (see also Recommendation\ G.164).
- .PP
- 2100 \(+- | 5\ Hz at a level of \(em12 \(+- | \ dBm0
- .PP
- Duration greater than 400\ ms
- .PP
- In order that false operation of signalling equipment does not
- take place, it is essential that the lowest possible operating frequency
- of the signalling receiver be above the highest possible tone disabling
- frequency.
- This requires that the lowest usable signalling frequency be higher than the
- 2000\ Hz referred to above in \(sc\ 2.6.1.
- .bp
- .PP
- \fR For example:
- .RT
- .ad r
- Highest tone disabling frequency
- =\ 2115 Hz
- Allowance for frequency deviation in channel
- =\ \ \ 5 Hz
- Margin of safety
- =\ \ 30 Hz
- Typical maximum receiver deviation for
- operation
- =\ \ 75 Hz
- \
- 75 Hz
- Giving
- 2225 Hz
- .ad b
- .RT
- .PP
- Thus on the basis of this example, frequencies above 2225 Hz
- should be suitable for signalling.
- .PP
- Since the tone disabling circuit of echo control devices may respond in
- the range 1900\(hy2350\ Hz, the unintentional disabling of echo control
- devices may occur during signalling if this frequency range is used. However,
- this is not considered detrimental since the echo control device serves
- no essential
- function during the time when signalling tones are present on the circuit.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.7.3
- \fIFacsimile\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Facsimile apparatus for use on telephone circuits are specified in Recommendations\
- T.2, T.3,\ T.4 and\ T.10.
- .RT
- .LP
- i)
- \fIGroup 1 apparatus\fR | Recommendation T.2)
- .LP
- Since leased circuits in an automatic private network form part of
- a switched connection, the centre frequency \fIf\fR\d\fIo\fR\ushould be
- 1700\ Hz as used on the public switched network. This implies,
- for frequency modulation, a transmitted frequency between
- 1300\ Hz (white) and 2100\ Hz (black). With a maximum frequency
- deviation of 32\ Hz, and by analogy with the calculations in
- \(sc\ 2.7.2\ above, frequencies above 2242\ Hz should be suitable for
- signalling. This must be carefully observed since facsimile
- transmission may result in a single tone for a significant
- period, and without energy in the pass\(hyband of the guard
- circuit.
- .LP
- ii)
- \fIGroup 2 apparatus\fR | Recommendation T.3)
- .LP
- The transmission method for Group 2 machines uses vestigal
- sideband amplitude modulation. The 2100\ Hz carrier frequency is
- permanently modulated and the effect of this and the vestigial
- sideband filter is such that the energy spectrum of the
- transmitted signal is biased towards frequencies in the
- pass\(hyband of the guard circuit and receiver misoperation should
- not occur.
- .LP
- iii)
- \fIGroup 3 apparatus\fR | Recommendation T.4)
- .LP
- The transmission method for Group 3 machines uses the data
- transmission method of Recommendation\ V.27 | fIter\fR or\ V.29. False
- operation should not occur for the reasons described in \(sc\ 2.7.2
- above.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.7.4
- \fIPhototelegraphy\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- For Phototelegraphy on leased circuits, Recommendations T.1 and
- T.11 apply.
- .PP
- The transmitted centre frequency is 1900 Hz with deviation (in the
- case of frequency modulation) from 1500\ Hz (white) to 2300\ Hz (black). For
- amplitude modulated systems the carrier may be between\ 1300 and\ 1900\ Hz.
- .PP
- In many cases a phototelegraph circuit is derived by \fIalternate use\fR
- | here the telephone signalling equipment is disconnected. However, where
- automatic switching of phototelegraph circuits is required, the guidance of
- Recommendation\ T.11, \(sc\ 3.2 applies; that is, a guard tone (\fIblocking\fR
- \fIsignal\fR ) should be transmitted in order to prevent false receiver
- operation on single\(hyfrequency signalling systems.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.7.5
- \fIInterference of service signals\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- With the systems referred to in \(sc\(sc 2.7.1\(hy2.7.4 above, the
- precautions included to prevent false recognition of service signals will
- usually be reliable. However, where the precautions are dependent on the
- statistical probability of the transmitted power spectrum operating the
- guard circuit, there is always a small risk of receiver operation for very
- short
- periods (in a similar fashion to the occasional false operation by speech).
- It should be noted that if such operation persists long enough, then the
- receiver splitting function will operate and thus cause a discontinuity
- in the service signal. This should be borne in mind when deciding the minimum
- receiver
- splitting time. In the call connected phase it is advisable that the minimum
- tone recognition time for a valid signal should be chosen such that occasional
- short receiver operation does not cause a change of signalling state.
- .bp
- .RT
- .ce 1000
- ANNEX\ A
- .ce 0
- .ce 1000
- (to Recommendation Q.8)
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .ce 0
- .ce 1000
- \fBTechnical clauses for 2280 Hz signalling on manual circuits\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ce 0
- .LP
- A.1
- \fISignal sender\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- A.1.1
- \fISignalling frequency\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 2280 \(+- | Hz.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- A.1.2
- \fITransmitted signal level\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- \(em13 \(+- | dBm0.
- .PP
- The permissible noise level measured at the output of the signal
- sender shall be as low as practicable, but in any event at least 35\ dB below
- signal level.
- .PP
- The level of leak current transmitted to line should be at least 50\ dB
- below signal level.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- A.2
- \fISignal receiver\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- A.2.1
- \fIOperating limits\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The signal receiver must operate satisfactorily if a signal is
- received satisfying the following conditions:
- .RT
- .LP
- a)
- the frequency received is within 2280 \(+- 15 Hz;
- .LP
- b)
- the absolute power level \fIN\fR of each unmodulated signal shall
- be within the limits (\(em19\ +\ \fIn\fR \ \(=\ \fIN\fR \ \(=\ \(em7\ +\
- \fIn\fR )\ dBm where\ \fIn\fR
- is the relative power level at the receiver input.
- .PP
- The limits give a margin of \(+- | dB on the nominal absolute power level
- of the 2280\ Hz signal received at the receiver input, to allow for
- variations in transmission conditions on the international circuits.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- A.2.2
- \fINon\(hyoperate conditions\fR \v'3p'
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- a)
- \fISelectivity\fR
- .LP
- The signal receiver shall not operate on a signal having an
- absolute power level at the receiving end within the limits
- specified in \(sc\ 2.1\ b) when the frequency is outside: 2280 \(+- | 5\ Hz.
- .LP
- b)
- \fIMaximum sensitivity of the signal receiver\fR
- .LP
- The signal receiver shall not operate on a signal in the
- range 2280\ \(+-\ 15\ Hz whose absolute power level at the point of
- connection of the receiver is (\(em29\ \(em13\ +\ \fIn\fR )\ dBm, \fIn\fR
- being the
- relative power level at this point.
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- A.2.3
- \fIGuard circuit\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- A.2.3.1
- \fIEfficiency of the guard circuit\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The signal receiver must be protected by a guard circuit against
- false operation due to speech currents, circuit noise, or other currents of
- miscellaneous origin circulating in the line.
- .PP
- The purpose of the guard circuit is to prevent signal imitation, and operation
- of the splitting device by interfering speech.
- .PP
- To minimize signal imitation by speech current it is advisable that
- the guard circuit be tuned as follows:
- .PP
- To minimize signal interference by low\(hyfrequency noise it is advisable
- that the response of the guard circuit falls off towards the lower frequencies
- and that the sensitivity of the guard circuit at 200\ Hz is at least 10\
- dB less than at\ 1000\ Hz.
- .bp
- .PP
- An indication of the efficiency of the guard circuit is given by the following:
- .RT
- .LP
- a)
- during 10 hours of speech, normal speech currents should
- not, on average, cause more than one false operation of the
- receiver lasting more than the minimum recognition time of the
- signal;
- .LP
- b)
- the number of false splits of the speech path caused by
- speech currents should not cause an appreciable reduction in the
- transmission quality of the circuit.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- A.2.3.2
- \fIGuard circuit limits\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Considering:
- .RT
- .LP
- a)
- that unweighted noise of a level \(em40 dBm0 and uniform
- spectrum energy may arise on the longest international circuit;
- .LP
- b)
- that an oversensitive guard circuit might give rise to
- signalling difficulties.
- .PP
- It is recommended that, the guard circuit shall not operate in the presence
- of noise at a level of less than \(em35\ dBm0 and uniform spectral energy
- over the frequency range 300\(hy3400\ Hz.
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- A.3
- \fISplitting arrangements\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- Sending and receiving line splitting shall be provided.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- A.3.1
- \fISending line split\fR \v'3p'
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- a)
- the sending line transmission path of the signalling
- termination shall be disconnected 30\(hy50\ ms before a
- voice\(hyfrequency signal is sent over the circuit;
- .LP
- b)
- the sending line transmission path of the signalling
- termination will not be reconnected for 30\(hy50\ ms following the
- end of the sending of a voice\(hyfrequency signal over the
- circuit.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- A.3.2
- \fIReceiving line split\fR \v'3p'
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- a)
- the receiving line transmission path of the signalling
- termination shall be split when the 2280\ Hz signal is received.
- The splitting time should be less than 20\ ms;
- .LP
- b)
- the split must be maintained for the duration of the signal
- but must cease within 25\ ms of the cessation of the 2280\ Hz
- signal;
- .LP
- c)
- the splitting device may be any suitable arrangement for
- example, physical line disconnection, insertion of a bandstop
- filter,\ etc. The level of leak current transmitted to the
- subsequent circuit should be at least 40\ dB below the received
- signal level.
- .ce 1000
- ANNEX\ B
- .ce 0
- .ce 1000
- (to Recommendation Q.8)
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .ce 0
- .ce 1000
- \fBTechnical clauses for 2600 Hz signalling on manual circuits\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ce 0
- .LP
- B.1
- \fISignalling sender\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- B.1.1
- \fISignalling frequency\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 2600 \(+- | Hz.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- B.1.2
- \fITransmitted signal level\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The transmitted signal level shall be \(em8 \(+- | dBm0 for the duration
- of the signal or for a minimum of 300\ ms (whichever is shorter) and for
- a
- maximum of 550\ ms after which the level of the signal shall be reduced
- to\ \(em20\ \(+- | \ dBm0.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- B.1.3
- \fISignal frequency leak\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The level of signal frequency leak power transmitted to the line
- should not exceed \(em70\ dBm0, during the tone\(hyoff condition.
- .bp
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- B.1.4
- \fIExtraneous frequency components\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The total extraneous frequency components accompanying a tone
- signal should be at least 35\ dB below the fundamental signal power.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- B.1.5
- \fISending line split\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The following splitting arrangements are required when transmitting line
- signals to prevent incorrect operation of the receiving
- equipment:
- .RT
- .LP
- a)
- when a tone\(hyon signal is to be transmitted, the sending
- line transmission path shall be split, within an interval from
- 20\ ms before, to 5\ ms after tone is applied to the line, and
- remain split for a minimum of 350\ ms and a maximum of 750\ ms;
- .LP
- b)
- when a tone\(hyoff signal is to be transmitted, the sending
- line transmission path shall be split, within an interval from
- 20\ ms before, to 5\ ms after tone is removed from the line, and
- remain split for a minimum of 75\ ms and a maximum of 160\ ms
- after the tone is removed.
- .PP
- Further details are given in \(sc\ 2.2.6 of Recommendation\ Q.312.
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- B.2
- \fISignal receiver\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- B.2.1
- \fIOperating limits\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The receiving equipment shall operate on a received tone signal
- that meets the conditions listed below:
- .RT
- .LP
- a)
- 2600 \(+- | 5 Hz;
- .LP
- b)
- to ensure proper operation in the presence of noise, the
- signal level of the initial portion of each tone\(hyon signal is
- augmented by 12\ dB. The absolute power level of the signal shall
- be within the limits (\(em27\ +\ \fIn\fR \ \(=\ \fIN\fR \ \(=\ \(em1\ +\
- \fIn\fR )\ dBm where \fIn\fR
- is the relative power level at the input to the receiving
- equipment.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- B.2.2
- \fINon\(hyoperate limits\fR \v'3p'
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- a)
- The receiving equipment shall neither operate on signals
- originating from subscriber stations (or other sources) if the
- total power in the band from 800\ Hz to 2450\ Hz equals or exceeds
- the total power present at the same time in the band from
- 2450\ Hz to 2750\ Hz as measured at the station, nor degrade these
- signals.
- .LP
- b)
- The receiving equipment shall not operate on any tone or
- signal whose absolute power level at the point of connection of
- the receiving equipment is (\(em17\ \(em20\ +\ \fIn\fR )\ dBm or less,
- \fIn\fR being the relative power level at this point.
- .PP
- On average during 10 hours of speech, normal speech currents
- should not cause more than one operation lasting more than 50\ ms.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- B.2.3
- \fIReceiving line split\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- To prevent line signals of the signalling system from causing
- disturbances to signalling systems on subsequent circuit sections, the
- receiving line transmission path should be split when the signal frequency
- is received to ensure that no portion of any signal exceeding 20\ ms duration
- may pass out of the circuit section.
- .PP
- This should be achieved by use of a bandstop filter in which case the level
- of signal leak current transmitted to the subsequent circuit section with
- the bandstop filter inserted should be at least 35\ dB below the received
- signal level. In addition, the bandstop filter must not introduce more
- than 5\ dB loss at frequencies 200\ Hz or more above or below the midband
- frequency nor more
- than 0.5 dB loss at frequencies 400\ Hz or more above or below the midband
- frequency.
- .PP
- The receiving line split must be maintained for the duration of the
- incoming tone signal, but must cease within 300\ ms of tone removal.
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ In some existing designs, the initial cut may be a physical
- line disconnection but the filter must be inserted within 100\ ms of tone
- reception.
- .bp
- .RT
- .ce 1000
- ANNEX\ C
- .ce 0
- .ce 1000
- (to Recommendation Q.8)
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .ce 0
- .ce 1000
- \fBThe\fR
- \fBstandard European inter\(hyPABX signalling system\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ce 0
- .LP
- C.1
- \fIIntroduction\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- Recognizing the increasing use of leased lines between private
- automatic branch exchanges (PABXs) in the European telecommunication networks,
- a specification has been developed covering the need for signalling on
- such
- lines. The system emerged is called Signalling System\ L1. Distinction is
- made between line signalling (call supervisory signals) and interregister
- signalling (set\(hyup including routing and additional service control). Taking
- into account different applications, existing interregister signalling
- techniques have been adopted for use with the basic line signalling as
- follows:
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- decadic pulsing (DP);
- .LP
- \(em
- multi\(hyfrequency push\(hybutton (MFPB) type signalling;
- .LP
- \(em
- System R2 multi\(hyfrequency code (MFC) type signalling.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- C.2
- \fIPrinciples and field of application\fR \v'3p'
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- C.2.1
- The line signalling system is to provide automatic and
- semi\(hyautomatic working between PABXs in different countries.
- .PP
- C.2.2
- The signalling system is a single voice frequency
- (1\ vf) tone\(hyon\(hyidle line signalling system using a signalling frequency
- of
- 2280\ Hz. The use of voice frequency signals renders the system suitable for
- all voice transmission media, except those using speech interpolation.
- .PP
- C.2.3
- The system is intended for use on bothway inter\(hyPABX circuits, with
- first party clearing.
- .PP
- C.2.4
- Either decadic pulsing or multi\(hyfrequency interregister
- signalling may be used with the line signalling system. The provision of
- particular line signals will depend upon the requirements of the associated
- interregister signalling system.
- .PP
- C.2.5
- The system operates on a four\(hywire basis, forward and backward signals
- being segregated by utilizing the four\(hywire circuits as two separate
- signalling paths.
- .PP
- C.2.6
- In addition to the application or removal of signalling
- frequency (tone\(hyon and tone\(hyoff) in continuous form, the transmission
- of pulses of signalling frequency is applied.
- .PP
- C.2.7
- When in the idle condition, the signalling frequency applied
- to the line is reduced in power level to conform to the transmission loading
- requirements of Recommendation\ Q.15.
- .PP
- C.2.8
- The line signalling operates on a link\(hyby\(hylink basis and may be used
- to establish a multi\(hylink tandem connection using one or more private
- automatic exchange(s) as a transit switch. In accordance with
- Recommendation\ Q.25 sending line and receiving line splitting arrangements
- are provided so that signals are contained within the appropriate link
- and are not allowed to spill over into subsequent or preceding links.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- C.3
- \fILine signal conditions and signalling codes\fR \v'3p'
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- C.3.1
- The line signal conditions and the signalling codes shall be
- as shown in Table\ C\(hy1/Q.8. Signal sending and detection requirements
- are given in \(sc\(sc\ C.3.2 and\ C.3.3.
- .PP
- C.3.2
- A continuous tone\(hyon condition shall be the application of
- the signalling frequency to the send signalling path for a period exceeding
- 300\ ms.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- A tone\(hyon pulse signal shall be the application of the signalling frequency
- to the send signalling path for a period of 45\(hy135\ ms. A continuous
- tone\(hyoff condition shall exist when any signalling frequency is absent
- from the send signalling path for a period exceeding 80\ ms.
- .bp
- .ce
- \fBH.T. [T1.8]\fR
- .ce
- TABLE\ C\(hy1/Q.8
- .ce
- \fBLine signal conditions and signalling codes\fR
- .ps 9
- .vs 11
- .nr VS 11
- .nr PS 9
- .TS
- center box;
- cw(60p) | cw(84p) | cw(84p) .
- Signal From outgoing PABX From incoming PABX
- _
- .T&
- lw(60p) | lw(84p) | lw(84p) .
- Idle Continuous tone\(hyon Continuous tone\(hyon
- .T&
- lw(60p) | lw(84p) | lw(84p) .
- Seizing Continuous tone\(hyoff Continuous tone\(hyon
- .T&
- lw(60p) | lw(84p) | lw(84p) .
- {
- Seizing\(hyacknowledgement or proceed\(hyto\(hysend
- } Continuous tone\(hyoff Continuous tone\(hyoff
- .T&
- lw(60p) | lw(84p) | lw(84p) .
- Answer Continuous tone\(hyoff Single tone\(hyon pulse
- .T&
- lw(60p) | lw(84p) | lw(84p) .
- Clear\(hyforward Continuous tone\(hyon {
- Continuous tone\(hyon or tone\(hyoff
- }
- .T&
- lw(60p) | lw(84p) | lw(84p) .
- Clear\(hyback Continuous tone\(hyoff Continuous tone\(hyon
- _
- .TE
- .nr PS 9
- .RT
- .ad r
- \fBTableau C\(hy1/Q.8 [T1.8] p. 3\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .PP
- C.3.3
- A tone\(hyon condition applied to the receive signalling path
- PABX termination may be recognized as a continuous tone\(hyon condition for
- signalling when it has persisted for 150\ ms, while for a tone\(hyoff condition
- a value of 40\ ms has to be taken into account.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- A tone\(hyon condition applied to the receive signalling path PABX
- termination and persisting for 35\(hy150\ ms, followed by a tone\(hyoff
- condition
- longer than 200\ ms, may be recognized as a pulse tone\(hyon signal.
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- C.4
- \fILine signalling transmission requirements\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- C.4.1
- \fISignal sender\fR \v'3p'
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- C.4.1.1
- The signalling tone shall be at a frequency of 2280 \(+- | Hz.
- .PP
- C.4.1.2
- The tone\(hyon condition shall have two power levels: a high
- level and a low level.
- .PP
- A high level tone shall be sent for the duration of the signal or for a
- minimum of 300\ ms (whichever is shorter) and for a maximum of 550\ ms
- after which it must be reduced to low level.
- .LP
- a)
- A high level tone\(hyon condition shall be a signalling tone
- transmitted at a level of \(em10\ dBm0\ \(+- | \ dB.
- .LP
- b)
- A low level tone\(hyon condition shall be a signalling tone
- transmitted at a level of \(em20\ dBm0\ \(+- | \ dB.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- C.4.2
- \fISignal receiver\fR \v'3p'
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- C.4.2.1
- A frequency within the range 2280 \(+- 15 Hz at an absolute
- level\ \fIN\fR , within the range (\(em30\ +\ \fIn\fR \ \(=\ \fIN\fR \
- \(=\ \(em4\ +\ \fIn\fR )\ dBm, shall be
- recognized as a tone\(hyon condition; where \fIn\fR is the relative power
- level at the receive signalling path PABX termination (see Recommendation\
- G.171).
- .PP
- C.4.2.2
- Any frequency or combination of frequencies having a total
- absolute power level or less than (\(em40\ +\ \fIn\fR )\ dBm shall be recognized
- as a
- tone\(hyoff condition; where \fIn\fR is the relative power level at the receive
- signalling path PABX termination as in \(sc\ C.4.2.1.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- C.5
- \fIGeneral line signal transfer procedures\fR \v'3p'
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- C.5.1
- Depending upon the capabilities of the incoming PABX,
- recognition of the seizing signal will initiate either proceed\(hyto\(hysend or
- seizing acknowledgement. The sending of the latter signal does not imply
- that the incoming PABX is ready to receive address information.
- .bp
- .PP
- C.5.2
- Some PABXs do not use the answer signal, others require it for correct
- operation. Therefore the answer signal is optional and subject to
- mutual agreement.
- .PP
- C.5.3
- A continuous tone\(hyon signal shall be applied when, after
- recognition of a seizing signal, no address or incomplete address information
- is received and the incoming PABX times\(hyout.
- .PP
- A continuous tone\(hyon signal may be applied when an incoming PABX encounters
- congestion or an engaged extension.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- C.6
- \fIDecadic pulsing\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- For decadic pulsing interregister signalling the 2280\ Hz line
- signalling is used. Some characteristics are given below.
- .RT
- .PP
- C.6.1
- The break periods of dial pulses shall be applied to the send signalling
- path as pulses of tone\(hyon condition within the following limits.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- SPEED\ (pulses\ per\ sec.)
- .LP
- BREAK\ PULSE
- |
- |
- 11
- 12
- .LP
- MIN
- MAX
- MIN
- MAX
- MIN
- MAX
- MIN
- MAX
- .LP
- DURATION\ (ms)
- .LP
- 45
- 112
- 45
- 81
- 45
- 61
- 45
- 52
- .PP
- C.6.2
- Pulses of tone\(hyon condition applied to the receive signalling path PABX
- termination and consistent with the following speed and duration
- limits, are break periods of dial pulses (address signal).
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- SPEED\ (pulses\ per\ sec.)
- .LP
- BREAK\ PULSE
- |
- |
- 11
- 12
- .LP
- MIN
- MAX
- MIN
- MAX
- MIN
- MAX
- MIN
- MAX
- .LP
- DURATION\ (ms)
- .LP
- 35
- 122
- 35
- 91
- 35
- 71
- 35
- 62
- .ce 1000
- ANNEX\ D
- .ce 0
- .ce 1000
- (to Recommendation Q.8)
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .ce 0
- .ce 1000
- \fBA\fR
- \fBtypical North American private analogue network\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ce 0
- .ce 1000
- \fBsignalling system\fR
- .ce 0
- .LP
- D.1
- \fIIntroduction\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- D.1.1
- A Private Switched Network is a common control switching
- arrangement which provides interconnections of subscriber locations via
- dedicated access lines and inter\(hyexchange circuits and shared common control
- switching with the Public Switched Telephone Network. The Private Switched
- Networks are terminated at the subscriber location by directly\(hyhomed
- telephone sets, multi\(hyline telephone systems or by main PBX or PABXs.
- This annex
- describes the signalling on a typical North American switched private network.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- D.2
- \fIGeneral signalling applications\fR \v'3p'
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- D.2.1
- The line signalling system provides for semi\(hyautomatic and
- automatic working between subscribers on the private network and the ability
- to go off network to the Public Switched Network.
- .PP
- D.2.2
- In general, four\(hywire transmission links employing an in\(hyband
- single frequency of 2600\ Hz, tone\(hyon\(hyidle, are used on the inter\(hyexchange
- circuits, directly\(hyhomed stations and PBX access lines.
- .PP
- D.2.3
- Signalling on an inter\(hyexchange circuit is in accordance with
- Recommendations\ Q.310 to Q.331 \(em System\ R1 signalling.
- .PP
- D.2.4
- Either decadic pulsing (DP) or multi\(hyfrequency pushbutton is
- used for address signalling on access lines.
- .bp
- .PP
- D.2.5
- Multi\(hyfrequency pushbutton signalling is in accordance with
- Recommendation\ Q.23. (See also Recommendation\ Q.24.)
- .PP
- D.2.6
- Address signalling on inter\(hyexchange circuits is multi\(hyfrequency
- (MF) using a combination of two out of six frequencies in accordance with
- Recommendations\ Q.320 to\ Q.326.
- .PP
- D.2.7
- Interregister signalling techniques are used for controlling
- outpulsing to accommodate different equipment designs and to improve register
- usage.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- D.3
- \fISignalling on access lines\fR \v'3p'
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- D.3.1
- Either decadic pulsing (DP) or multi\(hyfrequency push\(hybutton
- (MFPB) is used on access lines for address signalling.
- .PP
- D.3.2
- Supervisory signalling may use either the single frequency
- 2600\ Hz or direct current loop.
- .PP
- D.3.3
- Called party ringing is controlled by the terminating exchange or PABX
- in a conventional manner.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- D.4
- \fISignalling on inter\(hyexchange trunks\fR \v'3p'
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- D.4.1
- Supervisory signalling is single frequency 2600 Hz in
- accordance with Recommendations Q.310 to\ Q.313, Q.317 and\ Q.318.
- .PP
- D.4.2
- Register signalling uses multi\(hyfrequency (MF) signals consisting of
- two out of six frequencies in accordance with Recommendation\ Q.320.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- D.5
- \fIDecadic pulsing\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The decadic pulsing represents the numeric value of each digit by the number
- of on\(hyhook intervals in a train of pulses.
- .RT
- .PP
- D.5.1
- The general characteristics of decadic pulsing are shown
- below:
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIEquipment\fR \fIPulsing Speed\ (PPS)\fR \fIPercent\ Break\ (BK)\fR
- .LP
- Customer\ Dial
- \ 8\(hy11\ PPS
- 58\(hy64\ BK
- .LP
- 10\(hyPPS\ PBX
- 10\ \(+-\ 0.3\ PPS
- 62\(hy66\ BK
- .LP
- Sender\ Pulsing
- 10\ \(+-\ 1\ PPS
- 57\(hy64\ BK
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- D.6
- \fIMulti\(hyfrequency pushbutton\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- See Recommendations Q.11, Q.23 and Q.24. Signal combinations A\(hyD
- are not usually used in North American private switched networks.
- .RT
- .ce 1000
- ANNEX\ E
- .ce 0
- .ce 1000
- (to Recommendation Q.8)
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .ce 0
- .ce 1000
- \fBThe\fR
- \fBstandard European signalling system for leased\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ce 0
- .ce 1000
- \fBcircuits connecting subscribers to remote PABXs\fR
- .ce 0
- .ce 1000
- \fBand public exchanges\fR
- .ce 0
- .LP
- E.1
- \fIIntroduction\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- Recognizing the increasing use of leased lines for interconnection of telephone
- instruments and public exchanges or private automatic branch
- exchanges (PABXs) in the European telecommunication networks, a specification
- has been developed covering the need for signalling on such lines. The
- system emerged is called Signalling System\ L2. Distinction is made between
- line
- signalling (call supervisory signals) and interregister signalling (set\(hyup
- including routing and additional service control). Taking into account
- different applications, existing interregister signalling techniques have
- been adopted for use with the basic line signalling as follows:
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- decadic pulsing (DP);
- .LP
- \(em
- multi\(hyfrequency pushbutton (MFPB) type
- signalling.
- .bp
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- E.2
- \fIPrinciples and fields of application\fR \v'3p'
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- E.2.1
- The line signalling system is to provide supervisory signals
- (e.g.\ loop signalling in one direction and ringing in the other) between a
- telephone instrument or its equivalent and a public exchange or PABX in
- different countries, via an extra long line.
- .PP
- E.2.2
- For the purpose of description, this specification refers to an instrument
- signalling unit (ISU) and an exchange signalling unit (ESU).
- .PP
- E.2.3
- The system is intended for use over four\(hywire circuits but, as an option
- for national use, it may be used over two\(hywire circuits. In the
- four\(hywire case, forward and backward signals are segregated by utilizing the
- four\(hywire circuit as two separate signalling paths.
- .PP
- E.2.4
- The system is a single voice frequency (1 vf) line signalling
- system using a signalling frequency of:
- .LP
- \(em
- 2280 Hz in both directions on four\(hywire circuits;
- .LP
- \(em
- 2280 Hz in the direction ISU to ESU and 2400 Hz in the
- direction ESU to ISU on two\(hywire circuits (national).
- .PP
- The use of voice frequency signals renders the system suitable for all
- voice transmission media, except those using speech interpolation.
- .PP
- E.2.5
- In addition to the application or removal of signalling
- frequency (tone\(hyon and tone\(hyoff) in continuous form, the transmission
- of pulses of signalling frequency is applied.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- E.2.6
- When in the idle condition, the signalling frequency applied to the line
- by the ISU is reduced in power level to conform to the transmission
- loading requirements of Recommendation\ Q.15.
- .PP
- E.2.7
- In accordance with Recommendation Q.25, sending and receiving
- line splitting arrangements are provided so that signals are contained
- within the ISU\(hyESU link and not allowed to spill over into the next
- link.
- .PP
- E.2.8
- When making an outgoing call, a through speech path shall be
- provided in the direction ESU\(hyISU prior to the answered state.
- .PP
- E.2.9
- Signals may be passed in the direction ISU to ESU while speech or audible
- indications are being received in the direction ESU to ISU.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- E.3
- \fILine signal conditions and signalling codes\fR \v'3p'
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- E.3.1
- The line signal conditions and the signalling codes shall be
- as shown in Tables\ E\(hy1/Q.8 and\ E\(hy2/Q.8. Signal sending and detection
- requirements are given in \(sc\(sc\ E.3.2 and\ E.3.3.
- .ce
- \fBH.T. [T2.8]\fR
- .ce
- TABLE\ E\(hy1/Q.8
- .ce
- \fBCalls originated by the telephone instrument\fR
- .ps 9
- .vs 11
- .nr VS 11
- .nr PS 9
- .TS
- center box;
- cw(60p) | cw(84p) | cw(84p) .
- Signal Conditions from ISU Conditions from ESU
- _
- .T&
- lw(60p) | lw(84p) | lw(84p) .
- Idle Continuous tone\(hyon Continuous tone\(hyoff
- .T&
- lw(60p) | lw(84p) | lw(84p) .
- Seizing Continuous tone\(hyoff Continuous tone\(hyoff
- .T&
- lw(60p) | lw(84p) | lw(84p) .
- Answer Continuous tone\(hyoff Tone\(hyon pulse
- .T&
- lw(60p) | lw(84p) | lw(84p) .
- Recall Recall tone\(hyon pulse Continuous tone\(hyoff
- .T&
- lw(60p) | lw(84p) | lw(84p) .
- Clear Continuous tone\(hyon Continuous tone\(hyoff
- _
- .TE
- .nr PS 9
- .RT
- .ad r
- \fBTable E\(hy1/Q.8 [T2.8], p. 4\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .ce
- \fBH.T. [T3.8]\fR
- .ce
- TABLE\ E\(hy2/Q.8
- .ce
- \fBCalls from the exchange\fR
- .ps 9
- .vs 11
- .nr VS 11
- .nr PS 9
- .TS
- center box;
- cw(60p) | cw(84p) | cw(84p) .
- Signal Conditions from ESU Conditions from ISU
- _
- .T&
- lw(60p) | lw(84p) | lw(84p) .
- Idle Continuous tone\(hyoff Continuous tone\(hyon
- .T&
- lw(60p) | lw(84p) | lw(84p) .
- Calling Calling tone\(hyon\(hypulse Continuous tone\(hyon
- .T&
- lw(60p) | lw(84p) | lw(84p) .
- Answer Continuous tone\(hyoff Continuous tone\(hyoff
- .T&
- lw(60p) | lw(84p) | lw(84p) .
- Recall Continuous tone\(hyoff Recall tone\(hyon pulse
- .T&
- lw(60p) | lw(84p) | lw(84p) .
- Clear Continuous tone\(hyoff Continuous tone\(hyon
- _
- .TE
- .nr PS 9
- .RT
- .ad r
- \fBTable E\(hy2/Q.8 [T3.8], p. 5\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .PP
- E.3.2
- A continuous tone\(hyon condition shall be the application of
- the signalling frequency to the send signalling path for a period exceeding
- 350\ ms. A tone\(hyon pulse signal shall be the application of the signalling
- frequency to the send signalling path for a period of 45\(hy135\ ms or
- 210\(hy240\ ms (see \(sc\ E.5.2).
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- A continuous tone\(hyoff condition shall exist when any signalling
- frequency is absent from the send signalling path for a period exceeding
- 80\ ms.
- .PP
- E.3.3
- A tone\(hyon condition applied to the receive signalling path
- line termination may be recognized as a continuous tone\(hyon condition for
- signalling, when it has persisted for 250\ ms, while for a tone\(hyoff
- condition a value of 40\ ms has to be taken into account.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- A tone\(hyon condition applied to the receive signalling path line
- termination, and persisting for a period of 35\(hy150\ ms or 200\(hy250\ ms
- (see\ \(sc\ E.5.2) may be recognized as a tone\(hyon pulse signal.
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- E.4
- \fILine signalling transmission requirements\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- E.4.1
- \fISignal sender\fR \v'3p'
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- E.4.1.1
- The signalling tone shall be at a frequency of 2280 (2400 Hz in the ESU
- for two\(hywire working) \(+- | \ Hz.
- .PP
- E.4.1.2
- The tone\(hyon condition shall have two power levels: a high
- level and a low level.
- .PP
- A high level tone shall be sent for the duration of the signal or for a
- minimum of 300\ ms (whichever is shorter), and for a maximum of 550\ ms
- after which it must be reduced to low level.
- .LP
- a)
- A high level tone\(hyon condition shall be a signalling tone
- transmitted at a level of \(em10\ dBm0\ \(+- | \ dB.
- .LP
- b)
- A low level tone\(hyon condition shall be a signalling tone
- transmitted at a level of \(em20\ dBm0\ \(+- | \ dB.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- E.4.2
- \fISignal receiver\fR \v'3p'
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- E.4.2.1
- A frequency within the range 2280 (2400 Hz in the ISU for
- two\(hywire working) \(+- | 5\ Hz at an absolute level\ \fIN\fR , within
- the range
- (\(em30\ +\ \fIn\fR \ \(=\ \fIN\fR \ \(=\ \(em4\ +\ \fIn\fR )\ dBm shall
- be recognized as a tone\(hyon condition;
- where\ \fIn\fR \ is the relative power level at the receive signalling
- path line
- termination (see Recommendation\ G.171).
- .PP
- E.4.2.2
- Any frequency or combination of frequencies having a total
- absolute power level of less than (\(em40\ +\ \fIn\fR )\ dBm shall be recognized
- as a
- tone\(hyoff condition; where\ \fIn\fR is the relative power level at the
- receive
- signalling path line termination as in\ \(sc\ E.4.2.1.
- .bp
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- E.5
- \fIGeneral line signal transfer procedures\fR \v'3p'
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- E.5.1
- The calling signal is a series of tone\(hyon pulses with a
- duration of each pulse according to the length of the original ringing pulse
- and in step with the period of the ringing signal.
- .PP
- E.5.2
- As an option and subject to mutual agreement by the parties
- involved, the ISU applies a recall signal in the form of a tone\(hyon pulse
- to the signalling path.
- .PP
- The length of tone\(hyon pulse applied by the ISU depends upon the
- type of recall employed by the associated telephone, e.g.\ timed break or
- earthed loop.
- .PP
- E.5.3
- As an option and subject to mutual agreement by the parties
- involved, the answer signal is sent by the ESU.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- E.6
- \fIDecadic pulsing\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- For decadic pulsing interregister signalling, the 2280 Hz line
- signalling is used. Some characteristics are given below.
- .RT
- .PP
- E.6.1
- The break periods of decadic pulses shall be applied to the send signalling
- path of the ISU, as pulses of tone\(hyon condition within the
- following limits.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- SPEED\ (pulses\ per\ sec.)
- .LP
- BREAK\ PULSE
- |
- |
- 11
- 12
- .LP
- MIN
- MAX
- MIN
- MAX
- MIN
- MAX
- MIN
- MAX
- .LP
- DURATION\ (ms)
- .LP
- 45
- 112
- 45
- 81
- 45
- 61
- 45
- 52
- .PP
- E.6.2
- Pulses of tone\(hyon condition applied to the receive signalling path line
- termination of the ESU, consistent with the following speed and
- duration limits, are break periods of dial pulses (address signal).
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- SPEED\ (pulses\ per\ sec.)
- .LP
- BREAK\ PULSE
- |
- |
- 11
- 12
- .LP
- MIN
- MAX
- MIN
- MAX
- MIN
- MAX
- MIN
- MAX
- .LP
- DURATION\ (ms)
- .LP
- 35
- 122
- 35
- 91
- 35
- 71
- 35
- 62
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 20P
- .LP
- \fBMONTAGE:\ \fR REC.\ Q.9 A LA FIN DE CETTE PAGE
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
-