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- .rs
- .\" Troff code generated by TPS Convert from ITU Original Files
- .\" Not Copyright ( c) 1991
- .\"
- .\" Assumes tbl, eqn, MS macros, and lots of luck.
- .TA 1c 2c 3c 4c 5c 6c 7c 8c
- .ds CH
- .ds CF
- .EQ
- delim @@
- .EN
- .nr LL 40.5P
- .nr ll 40.5P
- .nr HM 3P
- .nr FM 6P
- .nr PO 4P
- .nr PD 9p
- .po 4P
-
- .rs
- \v | 5i'
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \v'12P'
- \s12FASCICLE\ VI.12
- \v'4P'
- .RT
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- .EF '% \ \ \ ^''
- .OF ''' \ \ \ ^ %'
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fBRecommendations Q.1000 to Q.1032\fR \v'2P'
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fBPUBLIC\ LAND\ MOBILE\ NETWORK\fR
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fBINTERWORKING\ WITH\ ISDN\ AND\ PSTN\fR
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 28P
- .ad r
- BLANC
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .LP
- \fBMontage page 2 \ =\
- Page blanche\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \v'3P'
- SECTION\ 1
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fBPUBLIC\ LAND\ MOBILE\ NETWORK \fR
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fBRecommendation\ Q.1000\fR
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .ce 1000
- \fBSTRUCTURE OF THE Q.1000\(hySERIES RECOMMENDATIONS\fR
- .EF '% Fascicle\ VI.12\ \(em\ Rec.\ Q.1000''
- .OF '''Fascicle\ VI.12\ \(em\ Rec.\ Q.1000 %'
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fBFOR PUBLIC LAND MOBILE NETWORKS\fR
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB1\fR \fBGeneral\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- This Recommendation provides an overview of the Q.1000\(hySeries
- Recommendations specifically aimed at specifying the requirements for the
- Public Land Mobile Network.
- .PP
- The purpose of the Q.1000\(hySeries Recommendations is to provide
- smoothly:
- .RT
- .LP
- 1)
- realization of roaming and interworking between PLMNs,
- .LP
- 2)
- portability of terminal equipments, and
- .LP
- 3)
- independent evolution of each PLMN and terminal
- equipments.
- .PP
- In addition some Recommendations of other series are indicated in section
- 7 because of their interest to the Q.1000\(hySeries.
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB2\fR \fBGeneral Recommendations on \fR \fBPublic Land Mobile Networks\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- Q.1000:
- Structure of the Q.1000\(hySeries Recommendations for
- Public Land Mobile Networks
- .PP
- This Recommendation gives an overview of the Q.1000\(hySeries and some
- other Recommendations of interest to them.
- .RT
- .PP
- Q.1001:
- General aspects of Public Land Mobile Networks
- .PP
- This Recommendation covers definitions, architectures and services in public
- land mobile networks.
- .RT
- .PP
- Q.1002:
- Network functions
- .PP
- This Recommendation defines network functions requiring signalling on the
- radio path either as subscriber line signalling or as mobile management
- signalling necessary to support services and facilities provided by PLMNs.
- .RT
- .PP
- Q.1003:
- Location registration procedures
- .PP
- This Recommendation identifies the procedures related to location
- registration, location cancellation, periodic registration and international
- mobile subscriber identity attach/detach operations.
- .RT
- .PP
- Q.1004:
- Location register restoration procedures
- .PP
- This Recommendation describes methods that provide security of the
- data stored in the location registers and details procedures required to
- restore the location data and supplementary services data after a location
- register failure.
- .RT
- .PP
- Q.1005:
- Handover
- .PP
- This Recommendation identifies the handling procedures between: radio channels
- of the same base station; base stations of the same MSC; base stations
- of different MSCs of the same PLMN; and base stations of MSCs in different
- PLMNs during handover operations.
- .bp
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB3\fR \fBTechnical aspects of the services offered in the Public Land
- Mobile Networks\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- Q.1012:
- Handling of supplementary services
- .PP
- This Recommendation contains the stage 2 descriptions of the
- supplementary services which can be provided in a PLMN.
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ This Recommendation is not published in the Blue Book. It
- will be finalized and brought into the accelerated procedure early in the
- next study period.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB4\fR \fBInterworking with ISDN/PSTN\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- Q.1031:
- General signalling requirements on interworking between ISDN or PSTN
- and a PLMN
- .PP
- This Recommendation specifies the general signalling requirements to be
- met in order to ensure a correct integration of the mobile service in the
- fixed networks.
- .RT
- .PP
- Q.1032:
- Signalling requirements relating to routing of calls to mobile subscribers
- .PP
- This Recommendation specifies the signalling requirements that the
- fixed networks have to comply with, in order to route a mobile terminating
- call to the actual MSC.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB5\fR \fBMobile application part\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- Q.1051:
- Mobile application part
- .PP
- This Recommendation describes network procedures and relevant
- protocols required to provide the functions listed in Recommendation\ Q.1002.
- The mobile application part is based on Signalling System No.\ 7.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB6\fR \fBDigital PLMN access interfaces\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- Q.1061:
- General aspects and principles relating to digital PLMN access signalling
- reference points
- .PP
- This Recommendation introduces the concept and definition of access
- signalling reference points which are used as the basis for the specification
- of signalling required at the Mobile Station and the Base Station.
- .RT
- .PP
- Q.1062:
- Digital PLMN access signalling reference configurations
- .PP
- This Recommendation describes the reference configurations used to
- identify the various possible physical access arrangements to the digital
- PLMN.
- .RT
- .PP
- Q.1063:
- Digital PLMN channel structures and access capabilities at the radio
- interface (Um reference point)
- .PP
- This Recommendation defines the set of channel types, access
- capabilities and channel configurations with respect to the radio
- interface.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB7\fR \fBOther Recommendations of interest to the Q.1000\(hySeries\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 7.1
- \fICharging\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- D.93:
- Charging and accounting in the international land mobile telephone service
- (provided via cellular radio systems)
- .PP
- This Recommendation covers principles for charging, accounting and
- settlements between PLMNs. An annex to the Recommendation gives examples
- of the practical use of the established principles.
- .bp
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 7.2
- \fINumbering and Routing\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- E.212:
- Identification plan for land mobile stations
- .PP
- This Recommendation covers definitions and mobile station
- identification plan principles. An annex to the Recommendation contains
- a list of mobile country or geographical area codes.
- .RT
- .PP
- E.213:
- Telephone and ISDN numbering plan for land mobile
- stations in public land mobile networks (PLMN)
- .PP
- This Recommendation covers basic requirements for a numbering plan to be
- used for public land mobile networks.
- .RT
- .PP
- E.214:
- The structure of the land mobile global title for the
- signalling connection control part (SCCP).
- .PP
- This Recommendation defines and describes the structure of the mobile global
- title.
- \v'1P'
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fBRecommendation\ Q.1001\fR
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fBGENERAL ASPECTS OF PUBLIC LAND MOBILE NETWORKS\fR
- .EF '% Fascicle\ VI.12\ \(em\ Rec.\ Q.1001''
- .OF '''Fascicle\ VI.12\ \(em\ Rec.\ Q.1001 %'
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fR \fB1\fR \fBGeneral\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- This Recommendation covers definitions, architectures and services in Public
- Land Mobile Networks.
- .PP
- The definition section is subdivided into basic, roaming and handover subheadings.
- .PP
- The architecture section covers examples of Public Land Mobile Network
- architecture in roaming and handover situations.
- .PP
- The services section covers introductory descriptions of basic and
- supplementary services that can be provided to the user.
- .RT
- .LP
- \fB2\fR \fBDefinitions\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 2.1
- \fIBasic definitions\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.1.1
- \fBPublic Land Mobile Services\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Telecommunications services provided to moving subscribers
- (terrestrial applications).
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.1.2
- \fBPublic Land Mobile Network\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- A Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) is established and operated by an administration
- or RPOA for the specific purpose of providing land mobile
- telecommunication services to the public. A PLMN may be regarded as an
- extension of a fixed network (e.g. PSTN) or as an integral part of the
- PSTN. In the first case, it can be considered as a collection of mobile
- services
- switching centre (MSC) areas within a common numbering plan (e.g. service
- access codes) and a common routing plan (e.g. definition of crossover point);
- in this case the MSCs are the functional interfaces between the fixed network
- and a PLMN for call set\(hyup. In the second case, it can be considered
- as an
- assemblage of special logic in existing or future PSTN/ISDN stored program
- controlled digital local exchanges, conceptually integrated within a common
- numbering and routing plan.
- .PP
- Functionally the PLMNs may be regarded as independent
- telecommunications entities even though different PLMNs may be interconnected
- through the PSTN and PDNs for forwarding of calls or network information.
- A\ similar type of interconnection may exist for the interaction between the
- MSCs of one PLMN.
- .bp
- .PP
- The location register system of a PLMN may be centralized, distributed
- or segmented. So long as we are concerned with functions of a PLMN, such
- as
- routing and interworking, the configuration and operation of the location
- register system have no influence on external networks.
- .PP
- The use of the concept PLMN is illustrated in Figure 1/Q.1001 where
- various PLMNs are shown with their interfaces to the fixed networks. It
- should be noted that a PLMN may have several interfaces with the fixed
- network (e.g. one for each MSC). Interworking between two PLMNs may be
- performed via an
- international gateway.
- .PP
- Figure\ 1/Q.1001 also shows the information paths between a PSTN and
- a PLMN and between two different PLMNs. The solid lines indicate a possible
- physical path between the PLMNs through the PSTN. The dotted line indicates
- that, for some interactions, an end\(hyto\(hyend information path (established
- through the physical path) may exist between the two PLMNs.
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 10P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 1/Q.1001, p. \fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.1.3
- \fBMobile Services Switching Centre\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- In an automatic system the Mobile Services Switching Centre (MSC) constitutes
- the interface between the radio system and the public switched
- telephone network. The MSC performs all necessary signalling functions
- in order to establish calls to and from mobile stations.
- .PP
- In order to obtain radio coverage of a given geographical area a
- number of base stations (radio transmittersB/Freceivers) are normally required;
- i.e. each MSC would thus have to interface several base stations. In addition
- several MSCs may be required in order to cover a country. The definition
- of the MSC may be prefixed by the terms \*Qland\*U or \*Qmaritime\*U if
- that is more suitable in a specific application.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.1.4
- \fBbase station\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The base station (BS) is the common name for all the radio
- equipment located at one and the same place used for serving one or several
- cells.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.1.5
- \fBmobile station\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The mobile station (MS) is the interface equipment used to
- terminate the radio path at the user side. It includes terminal functions
- required to provide services to the user, e.g. terminal equipment and terminal
- adaptors.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.1.6
- \fBcell\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The area covered by a base station, or by a sub\(hysystem (sector
- antenna) of that base station corresponding to a specific logical
- identification on the radio path, whichever is smaller.
- .PP
- Every mobile station in a cell may be reached by the corresponding
- radio equipment of the base station.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.1.7
- \fBbase station area\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The area covered by all the cells served by a base station.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.1.8
- \fBlocation area\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The location area is defined as an area in which a mobile station may move
- freely without updating the location register. A location area may
- comprise several cells.
- .bp
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.1.9
- \fBMSC area\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The part of the network covered by an MSC. An MSC area may consist of several
- location areas.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.1.10
- \fBservice area\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The service area is defined as an area in which a mobile station is obtainable
- by another PLMN, PSTN or ISDN subscriber without the subscriber's knowledge
- of the actual location of the mobile station within the area. A
- service area may consist of several PLMNs. One service area may consist
- of one country, be a part of a country or comprise several countries. The
- location
- registration system associated with each service area must thus contain
- a list of all mobile stations located within that service area.
- .PP
- Figure 2/Q.1001 shows an example of the composition of a service
- area.
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ This definition does not take into account any constraints
- on routing imposed by the international telephone network.
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 39P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 2/Q.1001, p. \fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.1.11
- \fBsystem area\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The system area consists of one or more service areas with fully compatible
- MS\(hyBS interfaces.
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ The location registers of the individual service areas
- remain autonomous; updating of the location information is not performed
- when a
- roaming mobile station moves from one service area to another. The overall
- composition of the international land mobile system is shown in
- Figure\ 3/Q.1001.
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 25P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 3/Q.1001, p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.1.12
- \fBMobile Subscriber International ISDN Number\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The Mobile Subscriber International ISDN Number is defined as the number
- which has to be dialled in order to reach a mobile subscriber in a
- service area. See also Recommendations E.164 and E.213.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.1.13
- \fBinternational mobile station identity\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The mobile station's identification uniquely identifies the MS
- internationally. The identity is composed as defined in
- Recommendation\ E.212.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.1.14
- \fBradio traffic path\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The radio communication facility between a mobile station and a
- base station intended to carry a call and uniquely assigned to the mobile
- station during that call.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.1.15
- \fBradio control path\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The radio communication facility between a mobile station and a
- base station intended to carry all the information transfer between the
- mobile station and the MSC, in which area the mobile station currently
- is located,
- during the time that no radio traffic path between that base station and
- that mobile station is assigned.
- .bp
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 2.2
- \fIRoaming definitions\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.2.1
- \fBlocation register\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- To establish a call to a mobile station the network must know
- where this mobile station is located. This information is stored in a function
- named location register. A mobile station is registered at one location
- register which functions as its home centre for charging and billing purposes
- and for administering its subscriber parameters.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.2.2
- \fBlocation information\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The location register should as a minimum contain the following
- information about a mobile station:
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- international mobile station identity;
- .LP
- \(em
- actual location of the mobile station (e.g. PLMN, MSC area, location
- area, as required).
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.2.3
- \fBhome PLMN\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The PLMN in which a mobile station is permanently
- registered.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.2.4
- \fBhome location register\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The location register to which a mobile station is assigned for
- record purposes such as subscriber information.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.2.5
- \fBhome MSC\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The term home MSC (HMSC) may be used in cases where the home
- location register is implemented in an MSC.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.2.6
- \fBequipment Identity Register\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The register to which an international mobile equipment identity is assigned
- for record purposes.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.2.7
- \fBvisited PLMN\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The PLMN, other than the home PLMN, in which a roaming subscriber is currently
- located.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.2.8
- \fBvisitor location register\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The location register, other than the home location register used by an
- MSC to retrieve information for, for instance, handling of calls to or
- from a roaming mobile station, currently located in its area.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.2.9
- \fBvisited MSC\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The term visited MSC (VMSC) may be used in cases where the visitor location
- register is implemented in an MSC.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.2.10
- \fBgateway PLMN\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The PLMN which receives a call from a fixed subscriber, via a
- public switched network, for extension to a mobile station. The gateway PLMN
- may vary for interconnection with different public networks.
- .PP
- The gateway PLMN could be the home PLMN or the visited PLMN or any
- other.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.2.11
- \fBgateway MSC\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The MSC which receives a call from a fixed subscriber, via a
- public switched network, for extension to a mobile station. The gateway MSC
- may vary for interconnection with different public networks.
- .PP
- The gateway MSC may be any MSC of the PLMN, including the HMSC or VMSC
- if the home and visited location registers are implemented in the MSC.
- .bp
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.2.12
- \fBdesignation method\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The calling subscriber must know the actual location area of any mobile
- station. The call is established according to the dialled information
- only, i.e. the call is not rerouted by the location register when the mobile
- station currently is in another location area.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.2.13
- \fBnon\(hydesignation method\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The calling subscriber is not required to know the actual location area
- of the mobile station. The call is routed according to the dialled
- information and, if required, rerouted on additional information given by a
- location register.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.2.14
- \fBmobile station roaming number\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The network internal number used for routing of calls to the
- mobile station. See Recommendation\ E.213.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 2.3
- \fIHandover definitions\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.3.1
- \fBhandover\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Handover is the action of switching a call in progress from one
- cell to another (or between radio channels in the same cell). Handover
- is used to allow established calls to continue when mobile stations move
- from one cell to another (or as a method to minimize co\(hychannel interference).
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.3.2
- \fBMSC\(hyA (Controlling MSC)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The MSC which first established the radio connection to or from a mobile
- station for mobile terminating or originating calls respectively. This
- MSC will be the call controlling MSC for the duration of the call also
- in cases where a call is handed over to another MSC.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.3.3
- \fBMSC\(hyB\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The first MSC to which a call is handed over.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.3.4
- \fBMSC\(hyB`\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The second (or subsequent) MSC to which a call is handed
- over.
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ After the handover is completed and the circuit between
- MSC\(hyA and MSC\(hyB has been released. MSC\(hyB' will look, from the
- point of view of MSC\(hyA and the network, like MSC\(hyB did before the
- handover.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.3.5
- \fBcandidate MSC\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- A Candidate MSC is an MSC which controls cells that could be
- candidates for receiving a call in case of a handover.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.3.6
- \fBtarget MSC\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The Target MSC is the MSC controlling the cell(s) selected as
- target(s) for a handover.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.3.7
- \fBserving MSC\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The Serving MSC is the MSC which handles the call at the
- moment.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.3.8
- \fBold serving MSC\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The old serving MSC is the MSC which was the serving MSC before a handover,
- other than MSC\(hyA.
- .bp
- .RT
- .LP
- \fB3\fR \fBArchitecture of the Public Land Mobile Network\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 3.1
- \fIConfiguration of a Public Land Mobile Network\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.1.1
- \fIGeneral\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Figure 4/Q.1001 presents PLMN entities and the associated
- signalling interfaces. The specific implementation in each country (or
- PLMN, if more than one in each country) may be different; some of the functional
- entities may be combined in the same equipment and this may result in some
- interfaces becoming internal. The configuration of a PLMN must in any case
- have no impact on the relationship with other PLMNs. Example: PLMN entities
- and
- associated signalling interfaces are shown in Figure\ 5/Q.1001. To illustrate
- some implementation possibilities three examples of configurations are
- presented in Figures\ 6/Q.1001, 7/Q.1001 and 8/Q.1001. In addition, it can be
- mentioned that HLR and VLR can be physically implemented in the same equipment,
- as an integrated Location Register.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.1.2
- \fIConfiguration example No. 1 (No co\(hylocation of functional\fR
- \fIentities)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- This configuration is presented in Figure 6/Q.1001. All
- functions are implemented in dedicated equipment. The interfaces within the
- PLMN are equipment external and therefore need the support of the Mobile
- Application Part (MAP) of Signalling System No.\ 7 to exchange the data
- necessary to provide the mobile service. All PLMN configurations can be
- deducted from this basic configuration. In instances where some functions
- are contained in the same equipment, the relevant interfaces become equipment
- internal to that equipment and the use of the MAP is not necessary. Some
- examples are given in\ \(sc\(sc\ 3.1.3 and 3.1.4.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.1.3
- \fIConfiguration example No.\ 2 (VLR co\(hylocated with VMSC)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- This configuration is presented in Figure 7/Q.1001. The Visited
- Location Register is co\(hylocated with or implemented in the VMSC for the
- following reasons. The main type of data stored in the VLR is the practical
- location information (i.e. location area) which has to be updated by the
- VMSC when the mobile station moves from one location area to another. The
- VMSC also has to interrogate the VLR at call set\(hyup in order to know
- the relevant
- subscriber data (e.g. restrictions and supplementary services).
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.1.4
- \fIConfiguration example No. 3 (HLR and VLR co\(hylocated with a MSC)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- This configuration is presented in Figure 8/Q.1001. In cases
- where the HLR is implemented in the MSC, this MSC will become the HMSC
- for the subscribers managed by the Location Register. The two functions
- HLR and MSC are not of the same type: the HLR is a pure network data base
- function,
- interrogated when needed and the MSC is mainly in charge of call handling.
- The HMSC performs the call handling function for all its subscribers, as
- defined by their allocation to the HLR, when they are located in the HMSC
- area. Call
- set\(hyup to mobile stations handled by the HMSC uses only the international
- mobile subscriber ISDN/PSTN number and no roaming number is allocated to
- these mobile stations.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.2
- \fIInterconnection between PLMNs\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- As the configuration of a PLMN does not have any impact on other
- PLMNs, the specified signalling interfaces can be implemented between entities
- within a PLMN or between PLMNs, with or without intermediate interface
- equipment providing a gateway function at the application level.
- .PP
- A difference in the interface can be found at lower levels (SCCP),
- since different signalling networks can be involved in the exchange of
- messages and they are at least independent with respect to the signalling
- network
- addressing plan.
- .PP
- A specific interconnection with a PLMN gateway may be needed in cases where
- the organization and configuration of a PLMN does not meet the
- international specifications. The specific interconnection is used in this
- case to mask, from other PLMNs, a national configuration which is not in
- line with the international specifications.
- .bp
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 16P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 4/Q.1001, p.4\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 29P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 5/Q.1001, p.5\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 24P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 6/Q.1001, p.6\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 24P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 7/Q.1001, p.7\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 28P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 8/Q.1001, p.8\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 3.3
- \fIPLMN interfaces\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.3.1
- \fIGeneral\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The implementation of the public land mobile service with
- international roaming and handover implies the exchange of mobile specific
- signalling information between the equipment involved in the service. The
- introduction of Signalling System\ No.\ 7 and its signalling network will
- be an opportunity to transfer the data needed to support the Public Land
- Mobile
- Service. Signalling System No. 7 should be used to convey the information,
- where applicable. In addition some parts of the equipment will have signalling
- interworking with the fixed network. The descriptions given below are limited
- to the mobile application. The Mobile Application Part will be supported
- by the Transaction Capabilities.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.3.2
- \fIInterface between MSC and base station (A interface)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The exact definition of the interface between a base station and
- its MSC depends on the division of functions between BS and MSC. Call handling
- as well as mobile station management may be split between the two entities.
- .PP
- However, the BS\(hyMSC interface will in any case carry information
- concerning:
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- Call handling
- .LP
- \(em
- Mobility management
- .LP
- \(em
- BS management
- .LP
- \(em
- Mobile station management
- .bp
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.3.3
- \fIInterface between MSC and VLR (B interface)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The VLR is the location and management data base for the mobile
- stations roaming in the area controlled by the associated MSC or MSCs.
- The MSC interrogates the VLR whenever it needs information relating to
- a given mobile station currently located in the MSC area. When a mobile
- station initiates a
- location updating procedure with an MSC, the MSC informs its VLR which
- stores the relevant information in its tables. This procedure occurs whenever
- a mobile station roams to another location area. The MSC also informs the
- VLR when a
- subscriber for instance activates a specific supplementary service or modifies
- some information related to a service. The VLR stores these modifications
- and updates the HLR, if required.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.3.4
- \fIInterface between MSC and HLR (C interface)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- This interface is used to exchange signalling information for
- administrative and routing purposes.
- .PP
- In cases where charging information is transferred from an MSC, using Signalling
- System\ No.\ 7, this interface will be used.
- .PP
- In cases where the fixed network is unable to interrogate the HLR, an interrogation
- from a gateway MSC will be necessary in order to get the call
- routing information from the HLR, for instance the roaming number
- (if\ the
- mobile station is roaming).
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.3.5
- \fIInterface between HLR and VLR (D interface)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- This interface is used to exchange the signalling information
- related to the location of the mobile station and to the management of the
- subscriber. The main service provided to the mobile subscriber is the
- capability to set\(hyup or to receive calls within the service area. To support
- this, the location registers must exchange signalling information. The VLR
- informs the HLR of the location of a mobile station managed by the HLR and
- provides the HLR with the roaming number of that mobile station. The HLR
- sends to the VLR information needed to support the service to the mobile
- station.
- The HLR also informs a VLR which previously served the mobile station to
- delete all relevant information regarding a mobile station, which has roamed
- to an MSC area served by another VLR. Exchange of signalling information
- can also occur for instance when the mobile subscriber activates a supplementary
- service, when the subscriber wants to change some information related to
- his subscription or when the administration modifies some parameter of
- the subscription.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.3.6
- \fIInterface between MSCs (E interface)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- This interface is used mainly for handover related information
- exchange between MSCs. A handover is required when a mobile station moves
- from one MSC area to another during a call in order to continue communication.
- The MSCs exchange signalling information as a part of the process to determine
- the best cell for handover and finally to perform the handover if the best
- cell is in another MSC than the Serving MSC.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.3.7
- \fIInterface between MSC and EIR (F interface)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- This interface is used for information transfer between an MSC and the
- equipment identity register, EIR, related to management of national and
- international mobile equipment identities.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.3.8
- \fIInterface between VLRs (G interface)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- This interface is used for information transfer between VLRs when a mobile
- station registers in a new VLR using a temporary mobile station
- identity, TMSI, assigned by another VLR. This interface is used to retrieve
- the international mobile subscriber identity, IMSI, from the VLR which
- assigned the TMSI.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.3.9
- \fIInterface between BS and MS (Um interface)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The exact definitions of the interface between base station and
- mobile station are not part of this specification.
- .bp
- .PP
- However, the BS\(hyMS interface is characterized by the Um reference
- point:
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- the Um reference point is the traditional over\(hythe\(hyair
- radio\(hyinterface that is RF technology dependent and includes the physical
- aspects of the interface to the Base Station.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.3.10
- \fIInterface between user and network\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The Digital PLMN User\(hyNetwork interface provides:
- .RT
- .LP
- a)
- flexibility of user terminals with respect to Digital PLMN network interconnection:
- .LP
- b)
- flexibility of separate user terminal evolution and PLMN
- technology evolution; and
- .LP
- c)
- flexibility of definition and provisioning for PLMN basic
- bearer services, teleservices and supplementary services.
- .PP
- The definition of the User\(hyNetwork interface is for further
- study.
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB4\fR \fBServices in the public land mobile network\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- The services to be provided in a public land mobile network can be described
- according to the ISDN service definition principles (see
- Recommendation\ I.210) as basic services and supplementary services. Examples
- of these two types of services are telephone service and call forwarding
- unconditional respectively.
- .PP
- The basic services to be provided in the PLMN includes teleservices
- and bearer services, e.g. telephone and data services (for further study) as
- well as most other services provided in the ISDN (for further study).
- .PP
- The supplementary services to be provided are additional to one or
- more basic services.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB5\fR \fBList of Acronyms (Additional acronyms will be included)\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .LP
- BS
- Base Station
- .LP
- EIR
- Equipment Identity Register
- .LP
- GMSC
- Gateway MSC
- .LP
- HLR
- Home Location Register
- .LP
- HPLMN
- Home PLMN
- .LP
- IMEI
- International Mobile Equipment Identity
- .LP
- IMSI
- International Mobile Station Identity
- .LP
- MAP
- Mobile Application Part
- .LP
- MCC
- Mobile Country Code
- .LP
- MNC
- Mobile Network Code
- .LP
- MS
- Mobile Station
- .LP
- MSC
- Mobile Services Switching Centre
- .LP
- MSC\(hyA
- MSC with call control at handover
- .LP
- MSC\(hyB
- MSC to which a handover is done
- .LP
- MSC\(hyB`
- MSC to which a subsequent handover is done
- .LP
- MSIN
- Mobile Station Identity
- .LP
- MTP
- Message Transfer Part
- .LP
- NMSI
- National Mobile Station Identity
- .LP
- PLMN
- Public Land Mobile Network
- .LP
- SCCP
- Signalling Connection Control Part
- .LP
- SP
- Signalling Point
- .LP
- TMSI
- Temporary Mobile Station Identity
- .LP
- VLR
- Visitor Location Register
- .LP
- VPLMN
- Visited PLMN
- .bp
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fBRecommendation\ Q.1002\fR
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fBNETWORK\ FUNCTIONS\fR
- .EF '% Fascicle\ VI.12\ \(em\ Rec.\ Q.1002''
- .OF '''Fascicle\ VI.12\ \(em\ Rec.\ Q.1002 %'
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fR \fB1\fR \fBIntroduction\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- This Recommendation defines network functions which may be
- necessary to support services and facilities provided by PLMNs. A summary of
- the network functions is given in Table\ 1/Q.1002. The table also indicates
- whether or not a function requires internetwork signalling between PLMNs
- (i.e., use of Mobile Application Part, Recommendation\ Q.1051).
- .RT
- .LP
- .sp 1
- .ce
- \fBH.T. [T1.1002]\fR
- .ce
- TABLE\ 1/Q.1002
- .ce
- \fBOverview of network functions\fR
- .ps 9
- .vs 11
- .nr VS 11
- .nr PS 9
- .TS
- center box;
- cw(72p) | cw(90p) | cw(48p) .
- {
- Class of network function (NF)
- } Network function Interworking with MAP
- _
- .T&
- lw(72p) | lw(90p) | cw(48p) .
- {
- NF needed for basic service provision
- } {
- Call handling
- Subscriber authentication
- Emergency calls
- Supplementary services
- } X X \(em X
- _
- .T&
- lw(72p) | lw(90p) | cw(48p) .
- {
- Additional NF needed for call handling
- } {
- Queuing
- Call duration limitation
- OACSU
- Mobile station with priority
- Mobile station with preference
- Security related services
- } X \(em \(em \(em \(em X
- _
- .T&
- lw(72p) | lw(90p) | cw(48p) .
- {
- NF needed for supporting cellular operation
- } {
- Location registration
- Hand\(hyover
- \(em\ in the same BS
- \(em\ in the same MSC
- \(em\ in the same PLMN
- \(em\ between PLMNs
- Power control
- Dynamic channel allocation
- } X \(em \(em \(em X X \(em (X)
- _
- .T&
- lw(72p) | lw(90p) | cw(48p) .
- {
- Operation and maintenance oriented NF
- } {
- Test loops
- Operation
- Maintenance
- Charging
- Traffic survey
- Malicious call identification
- Tracing of mobile stations
- } \(em X X X (X) \(em \(em
- _
- .TE
- .nr PS 9
- .RT
- .ad r
- \fBTable 1/Q.1002 [T1.1002], p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .PP
- .sp 2
- All functions require signalling on the radio path either as
- subscriber line signalling or as mobile management signalling.
- .bp
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB2\fR \fBNetwork functions for basic service provision\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.1
- \fICall handling\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- This set of functions enables the establishment of communications between
- a mobile subscriber and another network subscriber in one of the
- following types of networks: PSTN, ISDN, PSPDN, CSPDN and other PLMNs.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.1.1
- \fICall from MS registered in VLR\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- This is the normal case where the call is routed according to the dialled
- number. After the call, the MSC shall send the charging information to
- the HLR, a billing entity and/or store the charging data on tapes or
- discs.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.1.2
- \fICall from MS not registered in VLR\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- When the VLR receives a request for call set\(hyup parameters from an MSC
- for an MS originating call, where the MS is not registered in the VLR,
- the VLR shall initiate a location updating procedure toward the HLR and
- in response parameters are given concerning category, services and restrictions.
- The call is then set up as in \(sc\ 2.1.1.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.1.3
- \fICall to a mobile subscriber\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The call is routed (rerouted or forwarded) according to location
- data obtained from the HLR to the actual MSC.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.1.4
- \fICall handling functions in HLR\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The HLR should accommodate call routing functions as described in \(sc\
- 2.1.3.
- .PP
- The HLR should also support control functions for handling of
- supplementary services.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.1.5
- \fICall handling functions in VLR\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The VLR should provide subscriber parameters to the MSC as required for
- call handling.
- .PP
- The VLR should also support control functions for handling of
- supplementary services.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.1.6
- \fICall handling functions in MSC\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The MSC should perform normal call routing and call control
- functions. The MSC will obtain subscriber parameters from its associated
- VLR.
- .PP
- The MSC should also be capable of performing handover as defined in
- \(sc\ 3.2.
- .PP
- In some cases the MSC should be able to act as a gateway MSC.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.2
- \fISubscriber authentication\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Authentication procedures should be implemented in order to protect the
- network from access by non\(hyregistered or fraudulent MSs. The authentication
- method is for further study.
- .PP
- A possible procedure could be as follows.
- .PP
- The procedure is based upon a challenge/signed response method
- which goes as follows:
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- the fixed subsystem transmits a non\(hypredictable number RAND
- (the challenge) to the MS;
- .LP
- \(em
- the MS calculates the signature SRES (the signed response) of
- RAND;
- .LP
- \(em
- the MS transmits the signature SRES to the fixed subsystem;
- and
- .LP
- \(em
- the fixed subsystem tests the signature for validity.
- .PP
- Authentication may take place in the following cases:
- .LP
- i)
- at location registration,
- .LP
- ii)
- at call set\(hyup,
- .LP
- iii)
- when requesting operation of a supplementary service, or
- .LP
- iv)
- after handover.
- .bp
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 2.3
- \fIEmergency call\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.3.1
- \fIGeneral\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The land mobile system should be capable of efficient handling of emergency
- calls from mobile stations. Signalling procedures on the radio path require
- further study.
- .RT
- .PP
- 2.3.2
- The call should be routed automatically to an appropriate
- emergency centre based on the geographical location of the mobile station.
- For this purpose the accuracy of geographical location determination may
- be the
- cell serving the MS.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.3.3
- \fICard operated stations\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- It may be permissible to initiate emergency calls from card
- operated MSs also when the card is not inserted. This point is for further
- study.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.4
- \fISupplementary services\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The support of supplementary services may require control
- procedures in HLRs, VLRs and MSCs in addition to the control procedures
- in the fixed network.
- .RT
- .LP
- \fB3\fR \fBNetwork functions for supporting cellular operation\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 3.1
- \fILocation registration\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.1.1
- \fIDefinitions\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Location registration means that the PLMNs keep track of where
- mobile stations are located in the system area. The location information is
- stored in functional units called location registers. Functionally there are
- two types of location registers:
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- the \fBhome location register\fR where the current location
- and all subscriber parameters of a mobile station are permanently
- stored, and
- .LP
- \(em
- the \fBvisitor location register\fR where all relevant
- parameters concerning a mobile station are stored so long as the
- station is within the area controlled by that visited location
- register.
- .PP
- See also Recommendation Q.1001 where the network architecture is described.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.1.2
- \fIProcedures\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Procedures related to location registration are specified in
- Recommendation\ Q.1003.
- .PP
- They comprise:
- .RT
- .LP
- i)
- location register updating which enables the MS to
- inform the network that its location has to be updated, i.e. the
- MS has received a location area identity which is different from
- that contained in its memory. In order to avoid unnecessary
- updating, the current location area identity should be stored in
- a non\(hyvolatile memory in the MS;
- .LP
- ii)
- location cancellation which is used to delete an MS
- from a previous VLR;
- .LP
- iii)
- periodic location updating which enables the location
- of silent and stationary MSs to be updated at a reasonable rate;
- and
- .LP
- iv)
- as a network option, IMSI detach/attach operation which
- will enable MSs to inform the network that they have entered a power
- down/power up state.
- .PP
- The procedures also include mechanisms for restoration of location registers
- after failure. These procedures are defined in
- Recommendation\ Q.1004.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.1.3
- \fIInformation stored in location registers\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Information to be stored in location registers is listed in
- Recommendation\ Q.1003.
- .bp
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 3.2
- \fIHandover\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.2.1
- \fIDefinitions\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The following cases are considered:
- .RT
- .LP
- i)
- handover between radio channels of the same base station;
- .LP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ This capability could be used in the following
- situations:
- .LP
- \(em
- when the radio channel carrying the call is subject
- to interference or other disturbances; and/or
- .LP
- \(em
- when a radio channel or channel equipment carrying a call has
- to be taken out of service for maintenance or other reasons.
- .LP
- ii)
- handover between base stations of the same MSC in order to
- ensure continuity of the connection when an MS moves from one BS area
- to another;
- .LP
- iii)
- handover between base stations of different MSCs of the
- same PLMN; and
- .LP
- iv)
- handover between base stations of MSCs in difference
- PLMNs.
- .LP
- For cases iii) and iv) two procedures are defined:
- .LP
- a)
- \fBbasic handover procedure\fR where the call is handed over
- from the controlling MSC (MSC\(hyA) to another MSC (MSC\(hyB); and
- .LP
- b)
- \fBsubsequent handover procedure\fR where the call is handed
- over from MSC\(hyB to MSC\(hyA or to a third MSC (MSC\(hyB`).
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.2.2
- \fIProcedures\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The procedures are described in Recommendation Q.1005.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.3
- \fIPower control\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- For further study.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.4
- \fIDynamic channel allocation\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- For further study.
- .RT
- .LP
- \fB4\fR \fBAdditional network functions for call handling facilities\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 4.1
- \fIQueuing\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 4.1.1
- \fIGeneral\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Queuing of calls from fixed and mobile subscribers may be offered as an
- optional facility. Calls should only be queued when there is congestion
- on the radio path when the call arrives. The queuing facility is accommodated
- in the MSC.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 4.1.2
- \fIQueuing of MS originating calls\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- When an MS originated call is placed in a queue, a queuing
- indicator should be provided to the MS as display information. The maximum
- time that the call will be kept in the queue should also be indicated. This
- would enable timers to be set in the MS in accordance with the queuing
- arrangements of each PLMN.
- .PP
- The MS should be marked as busy when the call is placed in the
- queue.
- .PP
- The call is cancelled when:
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- the MSC receives a clearing message from the MS;
- .LP
- \(em
- there is time\(hyout on the queuing time; or
- .LP
- \(em
- the VLR receives a location cancellation message from the
- HLR.
- .LP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ It is for further study whether or not this is
- practicable.
- .bp
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 4.1.3
- \fIQueuing of MS terminating calls\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Queuing facilities for MS terminating calls may also be provided in the
- MSC. If so, general PSTN/ISDN specifications on abnormal release conditions
- and post dialling delays should be taken into account. Further study is
- required on interworking with the fixed network.
- .PP
- The MS should be marked as busy when the call is placed in the
- queue.
- .PP
- MS terminating calls should be released if a location cancellation
- message is received while the call is being queued.
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ It is for further study whether or not this is
- practicable.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 4.1.4
- \fIQueuing conditions\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Not more than one call should be queued for each MS.
- .PP
- Calls should be queued and serviced in the order they arrive at the
- MSC, except for calls subject to some priority condition, e.g. calls which
- are handed over should have priority over normal calls and emergency calls
- should have priority over any other call.
- .PP
- Calls arriving when all positions in the queue are occupied,
- should be rejected with a congestion indication provided to the calling
- party.
- .PP
- Calls which have been queued for a time longer than the maximum
- queuing time should be released from the queue. MS terminating calls should
- be cleared with a congestion indication provided to the calling party.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 4.2
- \fICall duration limitation\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 4.2.1
- \fIGeneral\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- This is an optional facility.
- .PP
- PLMNs may support functions whereby the call duration is limited in
- order to increase the call handling capacity of the PLMN. Call duration
- limitation may apply independently to each cell depending on the current
- traffic load of the cell. If possible, an indication should be provided
- to the subscribers that a call is subject to call duration limitation.
- Procedures are for further study.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 4.3
- \fIOff\(hyair\(hycall\(hyset\(hyup (OACSU)\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 4.3.1
- \fIGeneral\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- OACSU may be implemented in PLMNs in order to increase the call
- handling capacity of the PLMN.
- .PP
- OACSU may be implemented in PLMNs on an optional basis subject to
- the following conditions:
- .RT
- .LP
- i)
- OACSU should not be used for calls to an international
- number;
- .LP
- ii)
- OACSU should not be used for incoming international
- calls;
- .LP
- iii)
- foreign MSs not supporting the OACSU procedure should be
- allowed to access the PLMNs where OACSU is used;
- .LP
- iv)
- MSs supporting OACSU should be capable of operating in
- PLMNs where OACSU is not implemented;
- .LP
- v)
- OACSU must not be used for calls involving an ISDN or a PDN
- or for non\(hyvoice services in the PSTN.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 4.3.2
- \fISignalling procedures\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Interworking requirements for supporting OACSU are described in
- Recommendation\ Q.1031.
- .bp
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 4.4
- \fIMobile stations with priority\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- This is an optional facility.
- .PP
- It may be possible to offer priority for certain subscribers
- for:
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- incoming calls;
- .LP
- \(em
- outgoing calls; or
- .LP
- \(em
- all calls.
- .PP
- Priority could comprise priority in queuing systems, preemption of outgoing
- calls in order to service a call with priority, etc.
- .PP
- Procedures for handling MSs with priority are for further study.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 4.5
- \fIMobile stations with preference\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- This is an optional facility.
- .PP
- Preference means that in certain circumstances only MSs with
- preference are allowed to access the network. The condition may be controlled
- by the BS by inserting a preference indication in the messages sent on
- the
- common signalling channel on the radio interface.
- .PP
- Procedures for handling of MSs with preference is for further study.
- .PP
- It should be possible to set the preference condition individually in each
- cell.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 4.6
- \fISecurity related supplementary services\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- PLMNs may offer encryption of information sent on the radio path. Procedures
- for encryption and key distribution are for further study.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 4.7
- \fIDiscontinuous reception\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Discontinuous reception is a technique used to reduce the average battery
- consumption of mobile stations. The operation of this function is for further
- study.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 4.8
- \fIDiscontinuous transmission\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Discontinuous transmission is a technique used to reduce the
- battery consumption of mobile stations. The operation of this function
- is for further study.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB5\fR \fBOperation and maintenance oriented network functions\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.1
- \fITest facilities\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The public land mobile systems may contain test facilities which
- can perform tests similar to those defined for the ISDN subscriber line.
- .PP
- Further study is required.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 5.2
- \fIOperation\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.2.1
- \fIGeneral\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- In PLMNs tasks related to system operation are divided among
- several functional units:
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- home location registers,
- .LP
- \(em
- visitor location registers,
- .LP
- \(em
- MSCs,
- .LP
- \(em
- BSs,
- .LP
- \(em
- national operation and maintenance centres,
- .LP
- \(em
- encryption key distribution centres, and
- .LP
- \(em
- centres for management of equipment identities.
- .bp
- .PP
- It should be noted that several of these functional units may be co\(hylocated
- or even be accommodated in the same physical equipment.
- .PP
- In addition, other aspects concerning system operation will be the
- responsibility of subscribers,
- MS\ manufacturers, sales agents,\ etc.
- .PP
- Tasks allocated to each of the functional units are described
- below.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.2.2
- \fIResponsibilities of HLRs\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The main responsibilities of the HLRs are:
- .RT
- .LP
- i)
- subscriber administration, i.e. management of all
- subscriber parameters of MSs registered in the HLR. Subscriber
- administration also includes the possibility of making changes to
- subscription conditions and subscriber parameters. It may also
- include additional administrative functions related to CUGs and MSs
- with preference;
- .LP
- ii)
- charging administration, e.g. relaying of charging
- information from a foreign PLMN to the charging point in the home
- PLMN; and
- .LP
- iii)
- updating of VLRs.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.2.3
- \fIResponsibilities of VLRs\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The main responsibilities of the VLRs are:
- .RT
- .LP
- i)
- management of mobile station roaming numbers;
- .LP
- ii)
- management of temporary mobile station identities, if
- implemented;
- .LP
- iii)
- subscriber administration of visiting MSs;
- .LP
- iv)
- updating of HLRs;
- .LP
- v)
- management of MSC areas, location areas and BS areas; and
- .LP
- vi)
- radio channel management (e.g. channel allocation tables,
- dynamic channel allocation management, channel blocking status).
- .LP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ Some or all of the functions in vi) may be in the MSC or
- the BS. This is for further study.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.2.4
- \fIResponsibilities of MSCs\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The main responsibilities of the MSCs are:
- .RT
- .LP
- i)
- routing administration;
- .LP
- ii)
- charging and tariff administration;
- .LP
- iii)
- traffic administration, e.g. traffic monitoring; and
- .LP
- iv)
- sending of relevant traffic and charging information to the
- HLR (see \(sc\ 5.4).
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.2.5
- \fIResponsibilities of\fR
- \fInational 0 & M centres\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The operational responsibilities of national O & M centres could be remote
- control and monitoring of the operation of functional units, e.g. remote
- management of subscriber parameters.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.2.6
- \fIResponsibilities of BSs\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- For further study.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.2.7
- \fIResponsibilities of encryption key distribution centres\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- For further study.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.2.8
- \fIResponsibilities of centres for management of equipment\fR
- \fIidentities\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- For further study.
- .bp
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 5.3
- \fIMaintenance\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.3.1
- \fIGeneral\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Maintenance of PLMNs may require activities in several functional units.
- Some maintenance activities are autonomous, i.e. within one functional
- unit, and others require cooperation between several functional units.
- Functional units which may be involved in cooperative maintenance activities
- are:
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- mobile stations,
- .LP
- \(em
- base stations,
- .LP
- \(em
- MSCs,
- .LP
- \(em
- visitor location registers,
- .LP
- \(em
- home location registers, and
- .LP
- \(em
- national operation and maintenance centres.
- .PP
- In some cases maintenance activities may require international
- cooperation. In such cases the maintenance responsibilities, the information
- exchanges and the activities required for restoration of service should
- be in accordance with rules set down for the PSTN/ISDN (M\(hySeries of
- Recommendations).
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.3.2
- \fIMaintenance responsibilities of MSs\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- To some degree the MS should be capable of detecting faulty
- operation. When faults are detected, the MS should initiate internal testing
- and prevent accidental transmission.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.3.3
- \fIMaintenance responsibilities of the BSs\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The BS should monitor the radio path. If faulty operation is
- detected, information should be sent to the MSC and/or to a national operation
- and maintenance centre.
- .PP
- The BS may also have facilities for blocking and unblocking of radio channels
- and BS\(hyMSC circuits.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.3.4
- \fIMaintenance responsibilities of MSCs\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The MSC should include maintenance facilities and support
- maintenance functions as for exchanges of the PSTN/ISDN. These functions
- include:
- .RT
- .LP
- i)
- maintenance of the MSC\(hyBS circuits and signalling links,
- including:
- .LP
- \(em
- test, observation and measurement of MSC\(hyBS (MSC\(hyMS)
- protocols; and
- .LP
- \(em
- blocking and unblocking of MSC\(hyBS circuits and radio
- channels.
- .LP
- ii)
- maintenance of circuits to exchanges of the PSTN/ISDN,
- .LP
- iii)
- maintenance of signalling links to a signalling network,
- .LP
- iv)
- fault reporting to operation and maintenance centres, and
- .LP
- v)
- maintenance of their own equipment.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.3.5
- \fIMaintenance responsibilities of location registers\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The location registers will be responsible for:
- .RT
- .LP
- i)
- maintenance of signalling links; and
- .LP
- ii)
- restoration after restarts including information exchange
- with other location registers.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.3.6
- \fIMaintenance responsibilities of operation and maintenance\fR
- \fIcentres\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- For further study.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.4
- \fICharging\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The MSC and the BS must be capable of obtaining all information
- required for determining call charges for MS originating calls.
- .bp
- .PP
- For charging of MS originating calls information as follows may be
- required:
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- address of called party,
- .LP
- \(em
- IMSI,
- .LP
- \(em
- time of the call,
- .LP
- \(em
- charging rate for the called destination,
- .LP
- \(em
- call duration and possibly also parameters such as traffic
- volume and radio channel resources used,
- .LP
- \(em
- additional charges, e.g. for use of supplementary services,
- .LP
- \(em
- charging conditions, e.g. normal charging, debit card, credit
- card, and
- .LP
- \(em
- location of MS (e.g. cell, location area, MSC area).
- .PP
- For calls within the same PLMN the information is directed to the relevant
- billing entity. How this is achieved is a national concern, however, examples
- could be:
- .LP
- i)
- by use of the Mobile Application Part;
- .LP
- ii)
- by use of a public data network;
- .LP
- iii)
- by use of dedicated links;
- .LP
- iv)
- by use of physical transfer of magnetic tapes containing
- the billing information; or
- .LP
- v)
- a combination of the above.
- .PP
- Case i) above is specified in Recommendation Q.1051.
- .PP
- The need for Recommendations covering the other alternatives is a
- matter for further study. They may be required to permit different
- manufacturers equipment to interwork.
- .PP
- It should be noted that the use of the Mobile Application Part
- will only allow charging data on a per call basis to be transferred, though
- not necessarily immediately after the call has been terminated. For instance
- if the Mobile Application Part signalling or network processing load is
- such that the transfer of billing information would compromise normal call
- set\(hyup procedures, then the transfer of billing information should be
- delayed until the signalling load decreases (e.g. overnight transmission
- of stored billing data).
- .PP
- In the longer term it is not clear, even if overnight transfer of
- billing information is used, whether the Mobile Application Part will have
- sufficient capacity, therefore a move to another technique will be necessary.
- .PP
- For calls involving a roaming mobile in a visited PLMN, the same
- techniques as above can be applied by bilateral agreement. For instance the
- situation could be imagined where a roaming service is opened between two
- networks, but the level of roaming traffic does not justify either the
- use of a public data network, or physical transfer of magnetic tapes, therefore
- the
- Mobile Application Part is used initially.
- .PP
- The destination for international billing information should be the
- relevant billing entity of the home network, however, when using the Mobile
- Application Part, addressing difficulties may mean that only the HLR can be
- addressed.
- .PP
- The MSC may support facilities for debit card calls. The
- signalling procedure on the radio path should support this type of operation.
- .PP
- The MSC may also support facilities for credit card calls. This
- involves facilities and procedures for authentication of the credit card
- number and transfer of the required information to the billing authority.
- The
- procedures will not be specified for the Mobile Application Part. On a
- national basis Signalling System No.\ 7, public data networks or other
- networks
- convenient for the administration may be used for these purposes.
- .PP
- For MS terminating calls where part of or the whole charge is to
- be paid by the MS, the information to be stored would be similar to that
- of MS originating calls. Further study is required.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.5
- \fITraffic survey\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- For further study.
- .bp
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.6
- \fIMalicious call identification\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- If required and regulatory and technical constraints permit, the
- MSC may support the malicious call identification (MCI) facility for MS
- originating and MS terminating calls. The exact implementation of this
- facility will depend upon national variations of the signalling system
- being used.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.7
- \fITracing of mobile stations\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- For further study.
- \v'1P'
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fBRecommendation\ Q.1003\fR
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fBLOCATION\ REGISTRATION\ PROCEDURES\fR
- .EF '% Fascicle\ VI.12\ \(em\ Rec.\ Q.1003''
- .OF '''Fascicle\ VI.12\ \(em\ Rec.\ Q.1003 %'
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fR \fB1\fR \fBIntroduction\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- This Recommendation specifies the procedures related to location
- registration. They include:
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- location registration;
- .LP
- \(em
- location cancellation;
- .LP
- \(em
- periodic registration; and
- .LP
- \(em
- IMSI attach/detach.
- .PP
- The procedures in the MS, MSC, VLR and HLR are also given. The
- procedures utilize the Mobile Application Part (MAP) and details concerning
- the exchange of information are contained in Recommendation\ Q.1051.
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB2\fR \fBDefinitions\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.1
- \fILocation registration\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Location registration means that the PLMNs keep track of where
- mobile stations are located in the system area. The location information is
- stored in functional units called location registers. Functionally there are
- two types of location registers:
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- the \fBhome location register\fR where the current location
- and all subscriber parameters of a mobile station are
- permanently stored; and
- .LP
- \(em
- the \fBvisitor location register\fR where all relevant
- parameters concerning a mobile station are stored so long as the
- station is within the area controlled by that visitor location
- register.
- .PP
- See also Recommendation\ Q.1001 where the network architecture is described.
- .PP
- The action taken by a mobile station in order to provide location
- information to the PLMN will be referred to as \fIlocation updating\fR .
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.2
- \fILocation area and MSC area\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The MSC area is composed of the area covered by all base stations controlled
- by the MSC. An MSC area may consist of several location areas.
- .PP
- A location area is an area in which mobile stations may roam
- without updating the location registers. A location area consists of one or
- more base station areas.
- .bp
- .PP
- Paging procedures will be required on the radio path if the
- location area consists of more than one base station area. The paging
- procedure is used to determine the base station area in which the MS is
- located.
- .PP
- For further details of the network architecture and for definitions, see
- Recommendation\ Q.1001.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.3
- \fILocation area identification\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The location area idenfication plan is part of the base station
- identification plan. The base stations should be identified uniquely and the
- base station identity should include mobile country code, mobile network
- (PLMN) code, location area code and base station code within the location
- area where the location area identification consists of the first three
- elements.
- .PP
- Furthermore, it is viewed that based on network considerations, the mobile
- country code and base station code may be optional in identifying where the
- location area identification is included in all messages sent on common
- signalling channels on the radio path.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.4
- \fIIMSI detach/attach operation\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- IMSI detach operation is the action taken by an MS to indicate to the PLMN
- that the station has entered an inactive state (e.g.\ the station is
- powered down). IMSI attach operation is the action taken by an MS to indicate
- that the station has re\(hyentered an active state (e.g.\ the station is
- powered up).
- .PP
- IMSI detach/attach operation is an optional facility in PLMNs.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.5
- \fIUse of the term mobile station (MS) in this Recommendation\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- In order to simplify the text the term \fImobile station (MS)\fR | s
- used in relation to location registration refers to the entity where the
- IMSI is stored, i.e.,\ in the card operated MSs the term \fImobile station
- (MS)\fR
- | efers to the card.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB3\fR \fBProcedures in the MS related to location registration\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.1
- \fIInitiation of location register updating\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Automatic location updating should take place as follows.
- .PP
- The mobile station initiates location updating when it detects that it
- has entered into a new location area. The location area identification
- should be stored in a non\(hyvolatile memory in the MS so that the memory
- content does
- not disappear when the MS is turned off. This will avoid unnecessary location
- updating when the MS is still in the same location area when it is turned
- on
- again.
- .PP
- If the MS has lost the location information from memory, it will
- initiate location updating as soon as it is in an operational state and
- within radio coverage.
- .PP
- Location updating is also initiated on time\(hyout of the timer T
- defined in \(sc\ 3.2.
- .PP
- Location updating via manual intervention in the MS is for further
- study.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.2
- \fIPeriodic location updating\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- A timer T with the following characteristics could be optionally
- implemented in the MS:
- .RT
- .LP
- i)
- timer T is reset to 0 and started when a signalling
- activity has taken place on the radio path;
- .LP
- ii)
- when the MS is powered down the current value of T is kept
- in memory, so that when the MS is powered up the timer starts
- running from the value thus contained in memory; and
- .LP
- iii)
- when timer T reaches its time\(hyout value, the MS initiates a location
- updating.
- .PP
- Timer T thus measures the accumulated time between signalling
- activities in the MS while the MS is in the powered up state.
- .PP
- In order to ensure:
- .RT
- .LP
- a)
- that the location of silent and stationary MSs are checked
- at a reasonable rate; and
- .LP
- b)
- that the timer T does not mature to time\(hyout in the
- majority of cases.
- .PP
- The time\(hyout value of timer T should be of the order of several
- hours (e.g.\ in the range of 12\ to 24\ hours). See also
- Recommendation\ Q.1004.
- .bp
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.3
- \fIReceiving acknowledgement from the PLMN\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The MS may receive either of the following acknowledgements from
- the PLMN.
- .RT
- .LP
- i)
- \fILocation updated, roaming allowed\fR . In this case normal
- call handling operations will take place in the MS.
- .LP
- ii)
- \fILocation updated, roaming not allowed\fR . In this case, the
- MS will not be allowed to make calls. The MS should follow the
- procedure of \(sc\(sc\ 3.1 and\ 3.2 above. The MS will resume normal
- operation if it receives a location updated, roaming allowed
- indication from the PLMN.
- .LP
- iii)
- \fIUpdating failure\fR , indicating that the procedure in the
- PLMN failed. In this case, the MS should initiate a new updating
- after a given time. If this attempt fails, the MS should follow
- the normal procedures of \(sc\(sc\ 3.1 and\ 3.2. When receiving the
- updating failure indication, the MS should be capable of normal
- call handling operation.
- .LP
- iv)
- \fIInsufficient identification\fR , indicating that the PLMN was
- not capable of identifying the MS. The MS should then initiate a
- new updating using the IMSI. The MS should follow the procedures
- of \(sc\(sc\ 3.1 and\ 3.2 above.
- .LP
- v)
- \fINot registered\fR , indicating that the MS is not known in
- the HLR. The MS should then reject any call attempts from the
- user. However, the MS should follow the normal procedures of
- \(sc\(sc\ 3.1 and\ 3.2.
- .LP
- vi)
- \fIIllegal subscriber\fR , indicating that the MS is not
- allowed access to the system for authenticity reasons. The MS
- may follow the normal procedures of \(sc\(sc\ 3.1 and\ 3.2.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.4
- \fIProcedure when acknowledgement is not received\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- If the MS does not receive an acknowledgement (on layer\ 3) on an
- updating request, the MS may retransmit the message three times with at
- least ten seconds (see \(sc\ 3.5) between consecutive attempts. If the
- procedure fails
- also for the third time, the general procedures of \(sc\(sc\ 3.1 and\ 3.2
- should be
- followed.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.5
- \fIMinimum time between location updatings\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The minimum time between consecutive location updatings should be ten\
- seconds in order to avoid erroneous location information to be stored
- because of delays in the signalling network for information transfer via the
- mobile application part.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.6
- \fIIMSI detach/attach operation\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- IMSI detach/attach operation is an optional facility in PLMNs. The facility
- is also optional in MSs.
- .PP
- The network should provide an indicator to the MS indicating
- whether or not IMSI detach/attach operation is allowed in a PLMN. MSs which
- are not equipped for IMSI detach/attach operation will ignore this indicator.
- MSs which are equipped for IMSI detach/attach operation shall operate in
- accordance with the received value of the indicator.
- .PP
- When IMSI detach/attach operation applies, an MS equipped for this
- type of operation and located in an area where roaming is allowed should
- send the IMSI detach signal to the MSC when the MS enters the inactive
- state
- (e.g.\ when the MS is powered down). When the MS again enters the active state,
- .PP
- the IMSI attach signal is sent to the PLMN, provided that the MS is still in
- the same location area. If the location area has changed, the normal location
- upating of \(sc\ 3.1 shall take place.
- .PP
- The IMSI detach signal will not be acknowledged from the PLMN.
- .PP
- The IMSI attach signal will be acknowledged from the PLMN. If the
- acknowledgement indicates that the MS is not registered or that the
- identification is insufficient, the MS should initiate the normal location
- updating procedure of \(sc\ 3.1.
- .PP
- If the acknowledgement is not received, the MS should retransmit
- the IMSI attach signal after a given time. If the second attempt fails,
- the MS should follow the procedure of \(sc\ 3.2. However, in this state
- the MS is allowed to make calls.
- .bp
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.7
- \fILocation updating after handover\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- See Recommendation Q.1005.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.8
- \fISDL description of the procedures in the MS\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Figure 1/Q.1003 shows state transition diagrams for procedures in the MS
- related to location updating. The diagrams are intended for
- guidance.
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 44P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 1/Q.1003 (Feuillet 1/5), p.10\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 47P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 1/Q.1003 (Feuillet 2/5), p.11\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 47P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 1/Q.1003 (Feuillet 3/5), p.12\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 47P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 1/Q.1003 (Feuillet 4/5), p.13\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 33P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 1/Q.1003 (Feuillet 5/5), p.14\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .PP
- The following states are identified:
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fIState 0: inactive\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- This state would in most cases correspond to the powered down state of
- an\ MS. The input signal IMSI attached may correspond to power up of the
- station.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fIState 1: Roaming allowed, updated\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- In this state the MS is fully operational.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fIState 2: Wait for updating\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- This is a transitional state where location updating takes place. In this
- state the MS cannot make or receive calls.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fIState 3: Wait for IMSI attached\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- This transitional state is only required in MSs which are designed for
- IMSI detach/attach operation. In this state the MS cannot make or receive
- calls.
- .bp
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fIState 4: Roaming not allowed\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- In this state the MS is not allowed to make calls (except
- emergency calls) and will not receive calls.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fIState 5: Not updated\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- This state is entered if the location updating or IMSI attach
- procedure fails. In this state the MS will not receive calls.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB4\fR \fBProcedures in the MSC/BS related to location updating\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- The MSC/BS will pass messages related to location updating between the
- MS and the VLR.
- .PP
- The MSC/BS will provide the location area identification and IMSI
- detach/attach supported information to the MS.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB5\fR \fBProcedures in the location registers\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.1
- \fIInformation to be stored in location registers\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The home and visitor location registers should contain information as defined
- in Annex\ A.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.2
- \fIInformation transfer between MSCs/BSs and the associated visitor\fR
- \fIlocation register\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The procedures for information transfer between MSCs/BSs and the
- associated visitor location registers using Signalling System No.\ 7 are
- defined in Recommendation\ Q.1051.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.2.1
- \fINormal location updating and IMSI detach/attach operation\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- When receiving a location register updating message or an IMSI
- detach/attach message from an MS, the MSC/BS will convey the message to its
- associated visitor location register. The response from the location register
- will similarly be conveyed to the MS.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.2.2
- \fILocation updating as part of call set\(hyup\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Location registration may also take place during call set\(hyup if
- the request for call set\(hyup comes from an MS which is not registered in the
- visited location register. This applies in particular to the case where a
- previous updating was unsuccessful. In such cases the MSC/BS should not
- establish the call until the location register updating has been completed.
- .PP
- Location register updating will also take place if the visitor
- location register receives signalling information from an unknown MS, e.g.\ a
- request for activation of a supplementary service.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.3
- \fIIMSI enquiry procedure\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The MS may either identify itself by the IMSI or the TMSI plus
- location area identification of the previous VLR. In the latter case the new
- VLR will enquire the IMSI from the previous VLR by methods defined in
- Recommendation\ Q.1051.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 5.4
- \fIInformation transfer between visitor and home location\fR
- \fIregisters\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.4.1
- \fIInterconnection of location registers\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Location registers may be interconnected by use of
- Signalling\ System No.\ 7 by procedures defined in Recommendation\ Q.1051. On a
- national basis other networks may be used for this purpose.
- .bp
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.4.2
- \fIProcedures for location registration\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Detailed procedures for exchange of location registration and
- location register updating information between visitor and home location
- .PP
- registers are given in Recommendation\ Q.1051. Below follows an overview of
- these procedures.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.4.2.1
- \fILocation updating procedure\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- This procedure is used when an MS registers with a visitor location register.
- It will also be used if the visitor location register has to
- reallocate the mobile station roaming number for an MS (see
- Recommendation\ E.213).
- .PP
- The visitor location register provides routing information to the home
- location register. This information consists of the mobile station roaming
- number which is used for routing of calls to the MS.
- .PP
- The home location register will then convey the subscriber parameters of
- the MS which need to be known by the visitor location register for proper
- call handling.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.4.2.2
- \fILocation cancellation procedure\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The procedure is used by the home location register to remove a
- mobile station from a visitor location register. The procedure will normally
- be used when the MS has moved to an area controlled by a different location
- .PP
- register. The procedure can also be used in other cases, e.g.\ an MS ceases
- to be a subscriber of the home PLMN.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.4.2.3
- \fIDeregistration procedure\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- If supported, the deregistration procedure is initiated by the VLR when
- it receives an IMSI detach request, see \(sc\ 3.6. The corresponding IMSI
- is then deleted from the VLR tables. The HLR marks the subscriber as not
- registered and will reject all calls to that subscriber until a new updating
- procedure has taken place.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.4.2.4
- \fILocation information requested procedure\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- This procedure enables a visitor register to enquire whether or
- not an MS is still to be kept in the register.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.4.2.5
- \fILocation information retrieval procedure\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- By use of this procedure the home location register may obtain
- information on which of its MSs are registered with a visitor location
- register. The procedure may be used after a restart of the location register.
- The actual use of this procedure is for further study.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.4.2.6
- \fIReset procedure\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The reset procedure is used for recovering from a restart of a home location
- register. A reset message is sent to visitor location registers so
- that recovery procedures can be initiated.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.4.2.7
- \fIRecovery procedure\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Recovery and restoration procedures for location registers are
- defined in Recommendations\ Q.1004 and\ Q.1051.
- .PP
- Recovery arrangements should be such that MSs with valid subscriptions
- are not deleted from the HLR as a result of HLR failure. The worst result
- of an HLR failure will thus be that some MSs are stored with errors in
- the temporary subscriber data.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.5
- \fIOverview state diagrams for location registers\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Figures 2/Q.1003 and 3/Q.1003 contain overview state
- transition diagrams for the home location register and the visitor location
- register, respectively, with regard to one MS. Reset procedures are not
- included in these diagrams, i.e.\ only the normal case is shown.
- .bp
- .PP
- The state description is as follows.
- .RT
- .LP
- i)
- \fIHome location register\fR
- .LP
- \fIState 0: Null\fR . In this state the MS has no subscription
- with the PLMN. Restart arrangements of the home location
- register should be such that this state is not reached for any
- MSs which have a subscription with the PLMN which is valid at
- the time of the restart.
- .LP
- \fIState 1: MS not registered\fR . In this state the location
- of the MS is not known. The MS is not offered any communication
- capabilities in this state.
- .LP
- \fIState 2: MS in visitor location register (VLR), roaming\fR
- \fIallowed\fR . In this state the MS is offered communication
- capabilities in the visitor location register in accordance
- with those established by the location updating procedure
- of \(sc\ 5.4.2.1.
- .LP
- \fIState 3: MS in visitor location register, roaming not\fR \fIallowed\fR
- . In this state the MS is not offered any communication
- capabilities, except emergency calls, in the visitor location
- register. The home location register will contain an indication
- that the MS is in an area where the roaming not allowed
- condition applies. The visitor location register will not store
- any information concerning that MS.
- .LP
- ii)
- \fIVisitor location register\fR
- .LP
- \fIState 0: Null\fR . In this state the MS is not known to the
- visitor location register.
- .LP
- \fIState 1: MS in visitor location register, roaming allowed\fR .
- In this state the MS is offered communication capabilities
- in accordance with those established by the location
- updating procedure of \(sc\ 5.4.2.1.
- .LP
- \fIState 2: IMSI detached\fR . In this state the MS is not
- offered communication capabilities.
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 5.6
- \fIAdditional updating procedures\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.6.1
- \fIRegistration/erasure, activation/deactivation, invocation and\fR
- \fIinterrogation of supplementary services\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The procedures defined in Recommendation Q.1051 enable MSs to
- register/erase, activate/deactivate, invoke or interrogate supplementary
- services in the visitor location register. The visitor location register
- conveys the necessary information to the home location register.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.6.2
- \fIUpdating of other parameters\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Recommendation Q.1051 also contains procedures by which the home
- location register may update any set of subscriber parameters in a visitor
- location register if they are changed when the MS is in the area controlled
- by that visitor register. This may correspond to changes in subscription
- or of
- other parameters such as authentication parameters.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 5.7
- \fICall handling functions of location registers\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.7.1
- \fIRetrieval of subscriber parameters on a per call basis\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- All subscriber parameters are stored in the home location register. A subset
- of these parameters are stored in the visitor location register (see Annex\
- A).
- .PP
- There are also cases where the visitor location register must obtain subscriber
- parameters on a per call basis from the home location register of
- the MS. The procedures are defined in Recommendation\ Q.1051.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.7.2
- \fIInterrogation procedures\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- In fixed networks using the ISDN User Part of Signalling
- System\ No.\ 7 it may be possible for an exchange of the fixed network to
- .PP
- retrieve routing information from the home location register of an MS prior
- to establishing a physical connection for a call. If this is not possible,
- a
- gateway MSC will perform this interrogation.
- \v'1P'
- .bp
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 47P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 2/Q.1003 (feuillet 1/3), p.15\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 47P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 2/Q.1003 (feuillet 2/3), p.16\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 47P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 2/Q.1003 (feuillet 3/3), p.17\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 24P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 3/Q.1003 (feuillet 1/2), p.18\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 23P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 3/Q.1003 (feuillet 2/2), p.19\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .ce 1000
- ANNEX\ A
- .ce 0
- .ce 1000
- (to Recommendation Q.1003)
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .ce 0
- .ce 1000
- \fBOrganization of \fR \fBsubscriber data\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ce 0
- .LP
- A.1
- \fIIntroduction\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- A.1.1
- \fIDefinitions\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- For the purpose of this Recommendation the following terms are
- used.
- .RT
- .LP
- \fBmobile station (MS)\fR : either a physical equipment or a card
- for which subscriber data are stored.
- .LP
- \fBsubscriber data\fR : all information concerning a specific MS
- which is required for service provisions, identification,
- authentication, routing, call handling, charging, operation and
- maintenance purposes. Some subscriber data are referred to as
- permanent subscriber data, i.e.\ they can only be changed by
- .LP
- administrative means. Other data are temporary subscriber data which
- may change as a result of normal operation of the system. Some data
- are referred to as flexible length data, i.e.\ further values than
- those listed may be required in the future.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- A.1.2
- \fIStorage facilities\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Subscriber data is stored in two types of functional units.
- .RT
- .LP
- \fBhome location register (HLR)\fR : which contains all permanent
- subscriber data and all relevant temporary subscriber data
- for all MSs permanently registered in the HLR.
- .LP
- \fBvisitor location register (VLR)\fR : which contains all
- subscriber data required for call handling and other purposes
- for MSs currently located in the area controlled by the VLR.
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ It is for further study whether other types of functional
- units containing MS parameters are to be included in this Recommendation
- or
- not. Such units could include encryption key distribution centres, maintenance
- centres,\ etc.
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- A.2
- \fIDefinition of subscriber data\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- A.2.1
- \fIData related to identification and numbering\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- A.2.1.1
- \fBinternational mobile station identity (IMSI)\fR is
- defined in Recommendation\ E.212. It consists of three parts MCC, MNC and
- MSIN. The MCC consists of 3\ digits and the MNC consists of 1\ or 2\ digits.
- The IMSI
- has variable length depending on national requirements. The maximum length
- is 15\ digits.
- .PP
- Only numerical characters (0 through 9) are used in the IMSI.
- .PP
- The IMSI is permanent subscriber data, and is stored in both the HLR and
- the VLR.
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ The IMSI for mobile PBXs is for further study.
- .RT
- .PP
- A.2.1.2
- \fBinternational mobile station number\fR is defined in Recommendation\
- E.213. It is a PSTN/ISDN number and has a variable length which complies
- with the requirements of the PSTN/ISDN in each country.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The international mobile station number is permanent subscriber
- data.
- .PP
- The international mobile station number is stored in both the HLR and the VLR.
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ Mobile station numbers for mobile PBXs are for further
- study.
- .bp
- .RT
- .PP
- A.2.1.3
- \fBtemporary mobile station identity (TMSI)\fR is
- assigned by the VLR and is used for identification of an MS within the area
- controlled by the VLR. The purpose of the TMSI is to support location
- confidentiality to mobile subscribers. TMSIs may not be allocated to all
- MSs, e.g.\ if the location confidentiality service is offered only on a
- subscription basis.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The TMSI is temporary subscriber data.
- .PP
- The TMSI is stored in the VLR.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- A.2.2
- \fIData related to mobile station types\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- A.2.2.1
- \fIMobile station category\fR | omprises the following categories:
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- For further study.
- .PP
- Only one category is assigned for each MS.
- .PP
- Mobile station category is permanent subscriber data.
- .PP
- The length of the parameter is one octet.
- .PP
- Mobile station category is stored in the HLR and the VLR.
- .RT
- .PP
- A.2.2.2
- \fBmode of operation\fR defines whether or not the MS is card
- operated. Only two possibilities exist:
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- card operated; and
- .LP
- \(em
- not card operated.
- .PP
- Mode of operation is permanent subscriber data.
- .PP
- The mode of operation is stored in the HLR and the VLR.
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ It is for further study whether this data is required or
- not.
- .RT
- .PP
- A.2.2.3
- \fBpreference\fR indicates whether or not an MS is given
- preference access to the PLMN under certain circumstances. This point is for
- further study.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Preference is permanent subscriber data.
- .PP
- Preference is stored in the HLR and the VLR.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- A.2.3
- \fIData related to authentication\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- For further study.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- A.2.4
- \fIData related to roaming\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- A.2.4.1
- \fBmobile station roaming number\fR is defined in
- Recommendation\ E.213. It is a PSTN/ISDN number and has a variable length
- which complies with the requirements of the PSTN/ISDN in each country.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The mobile station roaming number is temporary subscriber data.
- .PP
- The mobile station roaming number is stored in the HLR and the
- VLR.
- .RT
- .PP
- A.2.4.2
- \fBlocation area identification\fR consists of three
- parts: MCC, MNC and LAC, where MCC is the Mobile Country Code and MNC is
- the Mobile Network Code of Recommendation\ E.212 and LAC is a Location Area
- Code identifying a location area within a PLMN. MCC and MNC are composed of
- numerical characters (0 through\ 9). LAC may have a variable length and
- may be coded using full haxadecimal representation.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The overall length of the location area identification is for
- further study.
- .PP
- The location area identification is temporary subscriber data.
- .PP
- The location area identification is stored in the VLR. It may also be required
- in the HLR; this is for further study.
- .RT
- .PP
- A.2.4.3
- \fBVLR address\fR is a PSTN/ISDN number and has variable length which complies
- with the requirements of the PSTN/ISDN
- in each country.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The VLR address is temporary subscriber data.
- .PP
- The VLR address is stored in HLR.
- .bp
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- A.2.5
- \fIData related to supplementary services\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- For further study.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- A.2.6
- \fIMobile station status data\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- A.2.6.1
- \fBMS registered/deregistered\fR is a parameter indicating
- whether
- the MS is in the registered or deregistered state. The parameter takes the
- following values:
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- registered, or
- .LP
- \(em
- not registered.
- .PP
- The parameter is temporary subscriber data.
- The parameter is stored in the HLR.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- A.2.7
- \fIOther subscriber data\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- This is for further study.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- A.3
- \fISubscriber data stored in HLR\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The following information should be stored in the HLR for each
- MS:
- .RT
- .LP
- i)
- international mobile station identity (\(sc A.2.1.1);
- .LP
- ii)
- international mobile station number (\(sc A.2.1.2);
- .LP
- iii)
- mobile station roaming number (\(sc A.2.4.1);
- .LP
- iv)
- mobile station category (\(sc A.2.2.1) and mode of operation (\(sc\ A.2.2.2);
- .LP
- v)
- preference (if implemented) (\(sc A.2.2.3);
- .LP
- vi)
- authentication parameters (\(sc A.2.3);
- .LP
- vii)
- VLR address (if received) (\(sc A.2.4.3);
- .LP
- viii)
- location area identification (if required) (\(sc A.2.4.2);
- .LP
- ix)
- supplementary service type (\(sc A.2.5.1.1);
- .LP
- x)
- mobile station status data (\(sc A.2.6); and
- .LP
- xi)
- other subscriber data, if required (\(sc A.2.7).
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- A.4
- \fISubscriber data stored in VLR\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The following information should be stored in the VLR for each
- visiting MS:
- .RT
- .LP
- i)
- international mobile station identity (\(sc A.2.1.1);
- .LP
- ii)
- international mobile station number (\(sc A.2.1.2);
- .LP
- iii)
- mobile station roaming number (\(sc A.2.4.1);
- .LP
- iv)
- temporary mobile station identity (\(sc A.2.1.3);
- .LP
- v)
- mobile station category (\(sc A.2.2.1) and mode of operation (\(sc A.2.2.2.);
- .LP
- vi)
- preference (if implemented) (\(sc A.2.2.3);
- .LP
- vii)
- authentication parameters (\(sc A.2.3);
- .LP
- viii)
- location area identification (\(sc A.2.4.2); and
- .LP
- ix)
- other subscriber data, if required (\(sc A.2.7).
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- A.5
- \fIAccessing subscriber data\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- It should be possible to retrieve or store subscriber data
- concerning a specific MS from the HLR by use of each of the following
- references:
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- international mobile station identity; or
- .LP
- \(em
- international mobile station number.
- .PP
- It should be possible to retrieve or store subscriber data
- concerning a specific MS from the VLR by use of each of the following
- references:
- .LP
- \(em
- international mobile station identity;
- .LP
- \(em
- mobile station roaming number; or
- .LP
- \(em
- temporary mobile station identity.
- .LP
- .bp
-