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- .rs
- .\" Troff code generated by TPS Convert from ITU Original Files
- .\" Not Copyright ( c) 1991
- .\"
- .\" Assumes tbl, eqn, MS macros, and lots of luck.
- .TA 1c 2c 3c 4c 5c 6c 7c 8c
- .ds CH
- .ds CF
- .EQ
- delim @@
- .EN
- .nr LL 40.5P
- .nr ll 40.5P
- .nr HM 3P
- .nr FM 6P
- .nr PO 4P
- .nr PD 9p
- .po 4P
-
- .rs
- \v | 5i'
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fBRecommendation\ O.151\fR \v'1P'
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .ce 1000
- \fBERROR\ PERFORMANCE\ MEASURING\ EQUIPMENT\ FOR\fR
- .EF '% Fascicle\ IV.4\ \(em\ Rec.\ O.151''
- .OF '''Fascicle\ IV.4\ \(em\ Rec.\ O.151 %'
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fBDIGITAL\ SYSTEMS\ AT\ THE\ PRIMARY\ BIT\ RATE\ AND\ ABOVE\fR
- .FS
- This Recommendation is the joint responsibility of Study Groups\ IV, XVII and
- XVIII.
- .FE
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fI(Geneva, 1976; amended Geneva, 1980, Malaga\(hyTorremolinos, 1984\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fIand Melbourne, 1988)\fR \v'1P'
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .PP
- The requirements for the characteristics of bit\(hyerror
- performance measuring equipment which are described below must be adhered
- to in order to ensure compatibility between equipments standardized by
- the CCITT, and produced by different manufacturers.
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB1\fR \fBGeneral\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- The equipment is designed to measure the bit\(hyerror performance of digital
- transmission systems by the direct comparison of a pseudorandom test
- pattern with an identical locally generated test pattern. In addition the
- capability to measure errored time intervals is provided.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB2\fR \fBTest patterns\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.1
- \fIPseudorandom pattern\fR \fIfor systems using a 2\fI
- \fIpattern length\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- This pattern is to be produced by means of a shift register
- incorporating appropriate feedback (see Figure\ 1/O.151 and
- Table\ 1/O.151):
- .RT
- .ad r
- Number of shift register stages
- \ \ 15
- \v'4p'
- .ad b
- .RT
- .ad r
- Pattern length
- \ \ 2\u1\d\u5\d\ \(em\ 1\ =\ 32 | 67\ bits
- \v'4p'
- .ad b
- .RT
- .PP
- Feedback
- taken from the 14th and 15th stage
- via an exclusive\(hyOR\(hygate to the first stage
- .ad r
- Longest sequence of
- zeros
- \ \ 15 (inverted\ signal)
- .ad b
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.2
- \fIPseudorandom pattern for systems using 2\fR \fI\fI
- \fIpattern length\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- This pattern is to be produced by means of a shift register
- incorporating appropriate feedback (see Figure\ 2/O.151):
- .RT
- .ad r
- Number of shift register stages
- \ \ 23
- \v'4p'
- .ad b
- .RT
- .ad r
- Pattern length
- \ \ 2\u2\d\u3\d\ \(em\ 1\ =\ 8 | 88 | 07 bits
- \v'4p'
- .ad b
- .RT
- .PP
- Feedback
- taken from the 18th and
- 23rd stages via an exclusive\(hyOR\(hygate to the first stage
- .ad r
- Longest sequence of zeros
- \ \ 23 (inverted signal)
- \v'4p'
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .sp 6
- .bp
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 33P
- .ad r
- \fBTable\ 1/O.151 [T1.151], p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 15P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure\ 1/O.151, p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 23P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure\ 2/O.151 p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.3
- \fIPseudorandom pattern\fR \fIfor systems using 2\fI
- \fIpattern length\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- This pattern may be generated by a twenty stage shift register with feedback
- taken from the seventeenth and twentieth stages. The output signal is taken
- from the twentieth stage, and an output bit is forced to be a \*Qone\*U
- whenever the next 14\ bits are all \*Qzero\*U.
- .PP
- The
- quasi\(hyrandom sequence
- satisfies the following:
- \v'6p'
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fIQ\fR\d\fIn\fR\\d+\u\fR\d1\u
- (\fIk\fR + 1) = \fIQ\fR\d\fIn\fR\u(\fIk\fR ),
- \fIn\fR = 1, 2, | | | ,\ 19,
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fIQ\fR\d1\u
- (\fIk\fR + 1) = \fIQ\fR\d1\\d7\u(\fIk\fR )
- \o'\(ci+'
- \fIQ\fR\d2\\d0\u(\fIk\fR ), and
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fIRD\fR (\fIk\fR ) = \fIQ\fR\d2\\d0\u(\fIk\fR ) +
- \fIQ\fR\d6\u(\fIk\fR ) + . | |
- + \fIQ\fR\d1\\d9\u(\fIk\fR )
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- .sp 1
- where
- .LP
- \fIQ\fR\d\fIn\fR\u(\fIk\fR )
- =
- Present state for \fIn\fR th stage
- .LP
- \fIQ\fR\d\fIn\fR\u(\fIk\fR + 1)
- =
- Next state for \fIn\fR th stage
- .LP
- \fIRD\fR (\fIk\fR )
- =
- Present value of output
- .LP
- +
- =
- a logic OR operation
- .LP
- \o'\(ci+'
- =
- a logic EXCLUSIVE OR operation
- .LP
- (\ )
- =
- a logic NEGATION operation.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.4
- \fIFixed patterns (optional)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Fixed patterns of all ones and alternating ones and zeros may be
- provided.
- .bp
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB3\fR \fBBit rate\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- The bit rates in accordance with CCITT Recommendations are
- indicated in Table\ 2/O.151.
- .RT
- .ce
- \fBH.T. [T2.151]\fR
- .ce
- TABLE\ 2/O.151
- .ce
- \fBBit rates, pertinent Recommendations and pseudo\fR
- .ce
- \fBrandom test patterns\fR
- .ps 9
- .vs 11
- .nr VS 11
- .nr PS 9
- .TS
- center box;
- cw(30p) | cw(54p) | cw(72p) | cw(36p) | cw(36p) .
- Bit rates (kbit/s) {
- Recommendations corresponding to multiplex system
- } {
- Recommendations corresponding to digital line section/line
- system
- } Bit rate tolerance Test pattern
- _
- .T&
- cw(30p) | cw(54p) | lw(72p) | cw(36p) | cw(36p) .
- \ \ 1 | 54 G.733 [1] {
- G.911 [8], G.951 [9], G.955 [10]
- } {
- \(+- 50 | (mu | 0\uD\dlF261\u6\d
- } {
- 2\u1\d\u5\d\(em1, 2\u2\d\u0\d\(em1
- }
- _
- .T&
- cw(30p) | cw(54p) | lw(72p) | cw(36p) | cw(36p) .
- \ \ 2 | 48 G.732 [2] {
- G.921 [11], G.952 [12], G.956 [13]
- } {
- \(+- 50 | (mu | 0\uD\dlF261\u6\d
- } 2\u1\d\u5\d\(em1
- _
- .T&
- cw(30p) | cw(54p) | lw(72p) | cw(36p) | cw(36p) .
- \ \ 6 | 12 G.743 [3] {
- G.912 [14], G.951 [9], G.955 [10]
- } {
- \(+- 30 | (mu | 0\uD\dlF261\u6\d
- } {
- 2\u1\d\u5\d\(em1, 2\u2\d\u0\d\(em1
- }
- _
- .T&
- cw(30p) | cw(54p) | lw(72p) | cw(36p) | cw(36p) .
- \ \ 8 | 48 G.742 [4], G.745 [5] {
- G.921 [11], G.952 [12], G.956 [13]
- } {
- \(+- 30 | (mu | 0\uD\dlF261\u6\d
- } 2\u1\d\u5\d\(em1
- _
- .T&
- cw(30p) | cw(54p) | lw(72p) | cw(36p) | cw(36p) .
- \ 32 | 64 G.752 [6] {
- G.913 [15], G.953 [16], G.955 [10]
- } {
- \(+- 10 | (mu | 0\uD\dlF261\u6\d
- } {
- 2\u1\d\u5\d\(em1, 2\u2\d\u0\d\(em1
- }
- _
- .T&
- cw(30p) | cw(54p) | lw(72p) | cw(36p) | cw(36p) .
- \ 34 | 68 G.751 [7] {
- G.921 [11], G.954 [17], G.956 [13]
- } {
- \(+- 20 | (mu | 0\uD\dlF261\u6\d
- } 2\u2\d\u3\d\(em1
- _
- .T&
- cw(30p) | cw(54p) | lw(72p) | cw(36p) | cw(36p) .
- \ 44 | 36 G.752 [6] {
- G.914 [18], G.953 [16], G.955 [10]
- } {
- \(+- 20 | (mu | 0\uD\dlF261\u6\d
- } {
- 2\u1\d\u5\d\(em1, 2\u2\d\u0\d\(em1
- }
- _
- .T&
- cw(30p) | cw(54p) | lw(72p) | cw(36p) | cw(36p) .
- 139 | 64 G.751 [7] {
- G.921 [11], G.954 [17], G.956 [13]
- } {
- \(+- 15 | (mu | 0\uD\dlF261\u6\d
- } 2\u2\d\u3\d\(em1
- _
- .TE
- .nr PS 9
- .RT
- .ad r
- \fBTable 2/O.151 [T2.151], p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ Normally only the appropriate combination of bit rates
- \(em\ either 2048\ kbit/s, 8448\ kbit/s,\ etc. or 1544\ kbit/s, 6312\ kbit/s,\
- etc.\ \(em
- will be provided in a given instrumentation.
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB4\fR \fBInterfaces\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- The interface characteristics (impedances, levels, codes, etc.)
- should be in accordance with Recommendation\ G.703\ [19].
- .PP
- In addition to providing for terminated measurements the
- instrumentation shall also be capable of monitoring at protected test points
- on digital equipment. Therefore, a high impedance and/or additional gain
- should be provided to compensate for the loss at monitoring points already
- provided on
- some equipments.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB5\fR \fBError\(hyratio measuring range\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- The receiving equipment of the instrumentation should be capable of measuring
- bit\(hyerror ratios in the range 10\uD\dlF261\u3\d to 10\uD\dlF261\u8\d.
- In addition, it should be possible to measure bit\(hyerror ratios of 10\uD\dlF261\u9\d
- and
- 10\uD\dlF261\u1\d\u0\d; this can be achieved by providing the capability
- to count
- cumulative errors.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB6\fR \fBMode of operation\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- The mode of operation should be such that the signal to be tested is first
- converted into a unipolar (binary) signal in the error measuring
- instrument and subsequently the bit comparison is made also with a reference
- signal in binary form.
- .PP
- Facilities may \fIoptionally\fR | e provided to allow the direct
- comparison at line code (e.g.\ AMI or HDB\(hy3) with correspondingly coded
- reference signals. In the case of such measurements polarity distinction is
- possible, so that errors caused by the injection or omission of positive or
- negative pulses can be determined separately.
- .bp
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB7\fR \fBMeasurement of\fR
- \fBerrored time intervals\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- The instrument shall be capable of detecting errored seconds and
- other errored or
- error\(hyfree time intervals
- as defined in \(sc\ 1.4
- of Recommendation\ G.821\ [20] and of deriving error performance reduced to
- 64\ kbit/s in accordance with Annex\ D to Recommendation\ G.821\ [20]
- .FS
- Error
- performance evaluation at bit rates other than 64\ kbit/s is under study.
- .FE
- . The number of errored or error\(hyfree time intervals in a selectable
- observation period from 1\ minute to 24\ hours, or continuous, shall be
- counted and
- displayed.
- .PP
- For this measurement the error detection circuits of the instrument
- shall be controlled by an internal timer which sets intervals of equal
- length and which operates independently of the occurrence of errors.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB8\fR \fBOperating environment\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- The electrical performance requirements shall be met when operating at
- the climatic conditions as specified in Recommendation\ O.3, \(sc\ 2.1.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fBReferences\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .LP
- [1]
- CCITT Recommendation \fICharacteristics of primary PCM multiplex\fR
- \fIequipment operating at 1544\ kbit/s\fR , Vol.\ III, Rec.\ G.733.
- .LP
- [2]
- CCITT Recommendation \fICharacteristics of primary PCM multiplex\fR
- \fIequipment operating at 2048\ kbit/s\fR , Vol.\ III, Rec.\ G.732.
- .LP
- [3]
- CCITT Recommendation \fISecond\(hyorder digital multiplex equipment\fR
- \fIoperating at 6312\ kbit/s and using positive justification\fR ,
- Vol.\ III, Rec.\ G.743.
- .LP
- [4]
- CCITT Recommendation \fISecond\(hyorder digital multiplex equipment\fR
- \fIoperating at 8448\ kbit/s and using positive justification\fR ,
- Vol.\ III, Rec.\ G.742.
- .LP
- [5]
- CCITT Recommendation \fISecond\(hyorder digital multiplex equipment\fR
- \fIoperating at 8448\ kbit/s and using positive/zero/negative\fR \fIjustification\fR
- , Vol.\ III, Rec.\ G.745.
- .LP
- [6]
- CCITT Recommendation \fICharacteristics of digital multiplex\fR
- \fIequipments based on a second\(hyorder bit rate of 6312\ kbit/s\fR \fIand
- using positive justification\fR , Vol.\ III, Rec.\ G.752.
- .LP
- [7]
- CCITT Recommendation \fIDigital multiplex equipments operating\fR
- \fIat the third\(hyorder bit rate of 34 | 68\ kbit/s and the\fR \fIfourth\(hyorder
- bit rate of 139 | 64\ kbit/s and using\fR \fIpositive justification\fR
- , Vol.\ III, Rec.\ G.751.
- .LP
- [8]
- CCITT Recommendation \fIDigital line sections\fR \fIat 1544\ kbit/s\fR
- , Vol.\ III, Rec.\ G.911.
- .LP
- [9]
- CCITT Recommendation \fIDigital line systems based on the\fR
- \fI1544\ kbit/s hierarchy on symmetric pair cables,\fR Vol.\ III,
- Rec.\ G.951.
- .LP
- [10]
- CCITT Recommendation \fIDigital line systems based on the\fR
- \fI1544\ kbit/s hierarchy on optical fibre cables\fR , Vol.\ III,
- Rec.\ G.955.
- .LP
- [11]
- CCITT Recommendation \fIDigital sections based on the\fR \fI2048\ kbit/s
- hierarchy\fR , Vol.\ III, Rec.\ G.921.
- .LP
- [12]
- CCITT Recommendation \fIDigital line systems based on the\fR
- \fI2048\ kbit/s hierarchy on symmetric pair cables\fR , Vol.\ III,
- Rec.\ G.952.
- .LP
- [13]
- CCITT Recommendation \fIDigital line systems based on the\fR
- \fI2048\ kbit/s hierarchy on optical fibre cables\fR , Vol.\ III,
- Rec.\ G.956.
- .LP
- [14]
- CCITT Recommendation \fIDigital line sections at 6312\ kbit/s\fR ,
- Vol.\ III, Rec.\ G.912.
- .LP
- [15]
- CCITT Recommendation \fIDigital line sections at 32 | 64\ kbit/s\fR ,
- Vol.\ III, Rec.\ G.913.
- .LP
- [16]
- CCITT Recommendation \fIDigital line systems based on the\fR
- \fI1544\ kbit/s hierarchy on coaxial pair cables\fR , Vol.\ III,
- Rec.\ G.953.
- .LP
- [17]
- CCITT Recommendation \fIDigital line systems based on the\fR
- \fI2048\ kbit/s hierarchy on coaxial pair cables\fR , Vol.\ III,
- Rec.\ G.954.
- .LP
- [18]
- CCITT Recommendation \fIDigital line sections at 44 | 36\ kbit/s\fR ,
- Vol.\ III, Rec.\ G.914.
- .LP
- [19]
- CCITT Recommendation \fIPhysical/electrical characteristics of\fR
- \fIhierarchical digital interfaces\fR , Vol.\ III, Rec.\ G.703.
- .LP
- [20]
- CCITT Recommendation \fIError performance on an international\fR
- \fIdigital connection forming part of an integrated services digital\fR
- \fInetwork\fR , Vol.\ III, Rec.\ G.821.
- .bp
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fBRecommendation\ O.152\fR
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fBERROR\ PERFORMANCE\ MEASURING\ EQUIPMENT\ FOR\ 64\ kbit/s\ PATHS\fR
- .EF '% Fascicle\ IV.4\ \(em\ Rec.\ O.152''
- .OF '''Fascicle\ IV.4\ \(em\ Rec.\ O.152 %'
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fI(Malaga\(hyTorremolinos, 1984; amended, Melbourne, 1988)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .PP
- The requirements for the characteristics of a
- bit\(hyerror
- performance
- measuring equipment which are described below must be adhered to in order
- to ensure compatibility between equipments standardized by the
- CCITT, and produced by different manufacturers.
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB1\fR \fBGeneral\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- The set is designed to measure the bit\(hyerror performance of
- digital paths
- (operating at 64\ kbit/s) by the direct comparison of a
- pseudorandom test pattern
- with an identical locally generated test
- pattern.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB2\fR \fBTest patterns\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.1
- \fIPseudorandom pattern\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- This pattern is to be produced by means of a
- shift
- register
- incorporating appropriate feedback (see Figure\ 1/O.152):
- .RT
- .ad r
- Number of shift register stages
- \ \ 11
- \v'2p'
- .ad b
- .RT
- .ad r
- Pattern length
- \ \ 2\u1\d\u1\d \(em 1 = 2047 bits
- \v'2p'
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- Feedback
- taken from the outputs of the 9th and 11th stage via an exclusive\(hyOR\(hygate
- to the first stage
- .ad r
- Longest sequence of zeros
- \ \ 10 (non\(hyinverted signal)
- \v'2p'
- .ad b
- .RT
- .PP
- \fINote\ 1\fR \ \(em\ In the case of international testing where the
- measurement includes systems based on 1544\ kbit/s it is necessary to modify
- the test sequence in such a way that more than seven consecutive \*Q0\*U\(hybits
- are
- avoided. This is achieved by forcing the output signal to \*Q1\*U whenever
- the next 7\ bits of the sequence are all zeros.
- .PP
- \fINote\ 2\fR \ \(em\ It is recommended to use the
- test pattern of
- 2047\ bit length
- also at other bit rates in the range 48\ kbit/s to
- 168\ kbit/s.
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 17P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 1/O.152, p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.2
- \fIFixed patterns\fR | optional)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Fixed patterns of all ones (. | | | 111 | | | ) and alternating ones
- and zeros (. | | | 010 | | | ) may be provided.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB3\fR \fBBit rate\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- Bit rate in accordance with CCITT Recommendations\ G.703, \(sc\ 1\ [1]
- and V.36\ [2] of 64\ kbit/s:
- .RT
- .LP
- a)
- bit rate tolerance (Recommendation G.703 [1]):
- \(+- | 00 | (mu | 0\uD\dlF261\u6\d,
- .LP
- b)
- bit rate tolerance (Recommendation V.36 [2]), optional:
- \(+- | 0\ \(mu\ 10\uD\dlF261\u6\d.
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB4\fR \fBInterfaces\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- The interface characteristics (impedances, levels, codes, etc.)
- should be in accordance with Recommendations\ G.703\ [1], I.430\ [7]\ (optional)
- and\ V.11\ [3]\ (optional).
- .PP
- In addition to providing for terminated measurements the measuring set
- shall also be capable of monitoring at protected test points on digital
- equipment. Therefore, a high impedance and/or additional gain must be provided
- to compensate for the loss at monitoring points already provided on some
- equipments.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 4.1
- \fIInterfaces corresponding to Recommendation G.703\fR [1]
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Three interfaces shall be provided:
- .RT
- .LP
- a)
- a codirectional interface in accordance with
- Recommendation\ G.703, \(sc\ 1.2.1\ [1],
- .LP
- b)
- a centralized clock interface in accordance with
- Recommendation\ G.703, \(sc\ 1.2.2\ [1],
- .LP
- c)
- a contradirectional interface in accordance with
- Recommendation\ G.703, \(sc\ 1.2.3\ [1].
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 4.2
- \fIMethod of\fR
- \fIclock synchronization\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The following modes of synchronization shall be
- selectable:
- .RT
- .LP
- a)
- Lock the digital generator clock rate to that at the input
- of the receive side of the measuring set (for the codirectional
- interface).
- .LP
- b)
- Allow the generator clock to free run within the overall
- allowed frequency tolerances.
- .LP
- c)
- Lock the digital generator clock rate to an external clock
- signal. (Configuration of input for external clock in accordance
- with Recommendation\ G.703\ [1].)
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 4.3
- \fIInterface corresponding to Recommendation I.430 [7]\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- For further study. This study should include means for obtaining
- access to the individual 64\ kbit/s channels at the\ S and T\ interface
- points.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 4.4
- \fIInterface corresponding to Recommendation V.11 [3]\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- As an option an interface in accordance with
- Recommendation\ V.11\ [3] shall be provided.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB5\fR \fBBit\(hyerror\(hyratio measuring range\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- The receiving equipment of the set should be capable of measuring bit\(hyerror
- ratios in the range 10\uD\dlF261\u2\d to 10\uD\dlF261\u7\d. The measurement
- time
- should be sufficiently long to achieve accurate measurements. In addition,
- it should be possible to measure bit\(hyerror ratios smaller than 10\uD\dlF261\u7\d;
- this
- can be achieved by providing the capability to count cumulative errors.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB6\fR \fBBlock\(hyerror ratio measurements\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- Optionally, the instrument should be capable to perform block\(hyerror
- measurements in addition to the bit\(hyerror measurements. If provided
- it should be possible to measure block\(hyerror ratios in the range 10\uD\dlF261\u0\d
- to 10\uD\dlF261\u5\d when using the pseudorandom test pattern with a block
- length of
- 2047\ bits.
- .bp
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB7\fR \fBMode of operation\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- The mode of operation should be such that the signal to be tested is first
- converted into a unipolar (binary) signal in the error measuring
- instrument and subsequently the bit comparison is made also with a reference
- signal in binary form.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB8\fR \fBError evaluation\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 8.1
- \fIMeasurement of\fR
- \fIerrored time intervals\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The instrument shall be capable of detecting errored seconds and
- other errored or error\(hyfree time intervals as defined by
- Recommendation\ G.821\ [4]. The number of errored or error\(hyfree time
- intervals in a selectable observation period from 1\ minute to 24\ hours,
- or continuous, shall be counted and displayed.
- .PP
- For this measurement the error detection circuits of the instrument
- shall be controlled by an internal timer which sets intervals of equal
- length and which operates independently of the occurrence of errors.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 8.2
- \fIMeasurement of short\(hyterm mean error ratio\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 8.2.1
- It shall be possible to record the time intervals as defined in Recommendation\
- G.821\ [4], during which the bit\(hyerror ratio is less than
- 1 | (mu | 0\uD\dlF261\u6\d.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 8.2.2
- It shall be possible to record the one\(hysecond intervals during
- which the bit\(hyerror ratio is less than 1 | (mu | 0\uD\dlF261\u3\d.
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB9\fR \fBRecording of measurement results\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- As an option an interface shall be provided which allows connecting external
- equipment for further processing the measuring results.
- .PP
- The interface shall comply with Recommendation\ V.24\ [5] or the
- interface bus according to IEC Publication\ 625\ [6].
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB10\fR \fBOperating environment\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- The electrical performance requirements shall be met when operating at
- the climatic conditions as specified in Recommendation\ O.3, \(sc\ 2.1.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fBReferences\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .LP
- [1]
- CCITT Recommendation \fIPhysical/electrical characteristics of\fR
- \fIhierarchical digital interfaces\fR , Vol.\ III, Rec.\ G.703.
- .LP
- [2]
- CCITT Recommendation \fIModems for synchronous data transmission using\fR
- \fI60\(hy108 kHz group band circuits\fR , Vol.\ VIII, Rec.\ V.36.
- .LP
- [3]
- CCITT Recommendation \fIElectrical characteristics for balanced\fR
- \fIdouble\(hycurrent interchange circuits for general use with integrated\fR
- \fIcircuit equipment in the field of data communications\fR , Vol.\ VIII,
- Rec.\ V.11.
- .LP
- [4]
- CCITT Recommendation \fIError performance on an international\fR
- \fIdigital connection forming part of an integrated services digital\fR
- \fInetwork\fR , Vol.\ III, Rec.\ G.821.
- .LP
- [5]
- CCITT Recommendation \fIList of definitions for interchange\fR
- \fIcircuits between data terminal equipment and data circuit\(hyterminating\fR
- \fIequipment\fR , Vol.\ VIII, Rec.\ V.24.
- .LP
- [6]
- IEC Publication 625 \fIAn Interface system for programmable measuring\fR
- \fIinstruments (byte serial, bit parallel)\fR .
- .LP
- [7]
- CCITT Recommendation \fIBasic user\(hynetwork interface\(hyLayer/Specification\fR
- , Vol.\ III, Recommendation\ I.430.
- .bp
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fBRecommendation\ O.153\fR
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .ce 1000
- \fBBASIC\ PARAMETERS\ FOR\ THE\ MEASUREMENT\ OF\fR
- .EF '% Fascicle\ IV.4\ \(em\ Rec.\ O.153''
- .OF '''Fascicle\ IV.4\ \(em\ Rec.\ O.153 %'
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fBERROR\ PERFORMANCE\ AT\ BIT\ RATES\ BELOW\ THE\ PRIMARY\ RATE\fR
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fI(Melbourne, 1988)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .PP
- The requirements for the characteristics of error measuring
- instrumentation which are described below must be adhered to in order to
- ensure compatibility between equipments standardized by the CCITT and produced
- by
- different manufacturers.
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- While requirements are given for the instrumentation, the
- realization of the equipment configuration is not covered and should be
- given careful consideration by the designer and user. In particular, it
- is not
- required that all features listed below shall be provided in one instrument.
- Administrations may select those functions which correspond best to their
- applications.
- .PP
- When selecting functions, Administrations may also consider other
- Recommendations dealing with error measuring equipment,
- e.g.\ Recommendations\ O.151 and\ O.152.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB1\fR \fBGeneral\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- The instrumentation is designed to measure the error performance on data
- circuits operating at bit rates between\ 0.050 and 168\ kbit/s. The
- measurement is based on the direct comparison of specified test patterns
- which are transmitted through the circuit under test with identical patterns
- generated at the receive side. Synchronous and asynchronous operation shall
- be possible.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB2\fR \fBTest patterns\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- The following test patterns are standardized (see Note):
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ The use of certain test patterns may be restricted to
- synchronous or asynchronous operation only. It shall be possible to transmit
- the patterns for an unlimited time.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.1
- \fI511\(hybit pseudorandom test pattern\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- This pattern is primarily intended for error measurements at bit
- rates up to 14 | 00\ bit/s (see \(sc\ 3.1 below).
- .PP
- The pattern may be generated in a nine\(hystage shift\(hyregister whose
- 5th and 9th stage outputs are added in a modulo\(hytwo addition stage,
- and the result is fed back to the input of the first stage. The pattern
- begins with the first ONE of 9\ consecutive ONES.
- .RT
- .LP
- Number of shift\(hyregister stages
- \ 9
- .LP
- Length of the pseudorandom sequence
- \ 2\u9\d \(em 1 = 511 bits
- .LP
- Longest sequence of zeros
- \ 8 (non\(hyinverted signal)
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.2
- \fI2047\(hybit pseudorandom test pattern\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- If provided, this pattern is primarily intended for error
- measurements at bit rates of 64\ kbit/s (see \(sc\ 3.3 below).
- .PP
- The pattern may be generated in an eleven\(hystage shift\(hyregister whose
- 9th and 11th stage outputs are added in a modulo\(hytwo addition stage,
- and the
- result is fed back to the input of the first stage. (See also
- Rec.\ O.152)
- .RT
- .LP
- Number of shift\(hyregister stages
- \ 11
- .LP
- Length of the pseudorandom sequence
- \ 2\u1\d\u1\d \(em 1 =
- 2047\ bits
- .LP
- Longest sequence of zeros
- \ 10 (non\(hyinverted signal)
- .bp
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.3
- \fI1048.575 kbits pseudorandom test pattern\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- This pattern is primarily intended for error measurements at bit
- rates up to 72\ kbit/s (see \(sc\ 3.2 below).
- .PP
- The pattern may be generated in a twenty\(hystage shift\(hyregister whose
- 3rd and 20th stage outputs are added in a modulo\(hytwo addition stage, and the
- result is fed back to the input of the first stage.
- .RT
- .LP
- Number of shift\(hyregister stages
- \ 20
- .LP
- Length of the pseudorandom sequence
- \ 2\u2\d\u0\d \(em 1 =
- 1048.575\ kbits
- .LP
- Longest sequence of zeros
- \ 19 (non\(hyinverted signal)
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ This test pattern is not identical with the pattern of
- the same length specified in Recommendation\ O.151.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.4
- \fIFixed test patterns\fR | for continuity tests)
- \v'3p'
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- Permanent space
- .LP
- \(em
- Permanent mark
- .LP
- \(em
- Alternating space/mark with a ratio of: 1 | | , 1 | | , 1 | | , 3 | | ,
- 7 | |
- .LP
- \(em
- \*QQuick brown fox\*U \(em text (QBF) [1] (asynchronous mode
- only).
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.5
- \fIProgrammable test patterns\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- A freely programmable pattern with a length of at least 1024\ bits is recommended.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB3\fR \fBBit rates\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- The instrumentation shall provide for measurements at bit rate
- ranges as specified in the categories below.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.1
- \fIData transmission via telephone\(hytype circuits using modems\fR \v'3p'
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- Bit rate range 50 bit/s to 19 | 00 bit/s.
- .PP
- (See Recommendations\ V.5\ [2] and\ V.6\ [3] for details).
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ Modems operating at bit rates above 14 | 00 bit/s
- are not covered by CCITT Recommendations.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.2
- \fIData transmission via group\(hyband circuits using wideband\fR
- \fImodems\fR \v'3p'
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- Bit rate range 48 kbit/s to 168 kbit/s.
- .PP
- (See Recommendations\ V.36\ [4] and\ V.37\ [5] for details).
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.3
- \fIData transmisison at and above 64 kbit/s\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- With regard to error performance measurements at 64 kbit/s,
- relevant information can be found in Recommendation\ O.152.
- .PP
- Information on measurements at primary bit rates is contained in
- Recommendation\ O.151.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.4
- \fIDeviation from nominal bit rate\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- For bit rates up to 9600 bit/s the maximum deviation from the
- nominal bit rate shall be \(=\ 0.01% if timing is not derived from the object
- under test.
- .PP
- For the higher bit rates the maximum deviation shall be \(=\ 0.002% if
- timing is not derived from the object under test.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.5
- \fIClock sources\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Clock signals are provided through the interface, via an external synchronisation
- input or from an internal clock generator.
- .bp
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB4\fR \fBInterfaces\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- \fB
- Depending on the application and the bit rate, one or several of
- the following interfaces shall be provided:
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- Interface according to Recommendation V.10 (X.26) [6]
- .LP
- \(em
- Interface according to Recommendation V.11 (X.27) [7]
- .LP
- \(em
- Interface according to Recommendations V.24/V.28 [8]\ [9]
- .LP
- \(em
- Interface according to Recommendation V.35\ [10]
- .LP
- \(em
- Interface according to Recommendation V.36 [4]
- .LP
- \(em
- Interface according to
- Recommendations\ X.21/X.24\ [11]\ [12].
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB5\fR \fBModes of operation\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- The instrumentation must fully simulate the characteristics of a
- DTE and/or a DCE in half duplex and/or full duplex mode. This includes the
- relevant software or hardware handshaking procedures. In synchronous half
- duplex mode, the test pattern shall be preceded by two or more leading pads
- (i.e.\ characters with alternating mark and space bits) to enable clock
- recovery. These pads shall be followed by two or more block\(hysynchronization
- characters.
- .PP
- If the mode of operation requires, it shall be possible to select the parity
- check conditions even, odd, mark and space.
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ The insertion of parity check bits is normally not possible
- when using pseudorandom test patterns.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB6\fR \fBBit of synchronization\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- Two modes of synchronization shall be possible:
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- Synchronization by means of a timing signal derived from the
- object under test (e.g.\ from a modem operating in the
- synchronous mode).
- .LP
- \(em
- Synchronization from the transitions of the received test
- signal (e.g.\ when a modem is operating in the nonsynchronous
- mode).
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB7\fR \fBCodes\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- For encoding the QBF\(hytext or a freely programmable pattern, the
- following data signal code shall be provided:
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- CCITT Alphabet No. 5 with 7 bits/character [13]
- .PP
- For asynchronous operation 1 or 2 stop bits shall be
- selectable.
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB8\fR \fBError measurements and error evaluation\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 8.1
- \fIBit error measurements\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The range for error ratio measurements shall be 10\uD\dlF261\u2\d to
- 10\uD\dlF261\u7\d. The measurement time shall be sufficiently long to achieve
- accurate results.
- .PP
- Error ratios smaller than 10\uD\dlF261\u7\d can be observed by providing
- the capability to count cumulative errors.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 8.2
- \fIBlock error measurements\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- It shall be possible to perform block error measurements. The block length
- shall be selectable to\ 1000 or 10 | 00\ bits or shall be equal to the
- length of the pseudorandom sequence used for the error test. In addition, a
- block length of 32 | 68\ bits shall be provided for measurements at bit rates
- above 14.4\ kbit/s.
- .PP
- The range for block error ratio measurements shall be 10\uD\dlF261\u0\d to
- 10\uD\dlF261\u5\d with measurement times being sufficiently long to achieve
- accurate results.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 8.3
- \fISimultaneous measurements\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- It shall be possible to perform bit error ratio and block error
- ratio measurements simultaneously.
- .bp
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 8.4
- \fIError performance evaluation\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The instrumentation shall be capable of detecting errored seconds. The
- number of errored and error\(hyfree time intervals in a selectable time
- period from 1\ minute to 24\ hours, or continuous, shall be counted and
- displayed.
- .PP
- For this measurement the error detection circuits of the
- instrumentation shall be controlled by an internal timer which sets intervals
- of equal length and which operates independently of the occurrence of errors.
- .PP
- The measurement of other error performance parameters and the
- application of Recommendation\ G.821\ [14] are under study.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB9\fR \fBMeasurement of distortion\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- If the instrumentation provides for distortion measurements, the
- following specifications are applicable:
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 9.1
- \fIMeasurement of individual distortion\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The degrees of early and late individual distortion shall be
- measured when the instrumentation is operating in the mode in which
- synchronization is derived from transitions in the received test signal.
- .PP
- When using pseudorandom test signals, the measuring error shall be
- less than \(+- | %.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 9.2
- \fIMeasurement of bias distortion\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The instrumentation shall measure bias distortion on reversals
- (alternating space/mark with a ration of\ 1 | | ).
- .PP
- In this mode, the measuring error shall be less than \(+- | %.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB10\fR \fBRemote control, recording of measurement results\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- As an option, an interface shall be provided which allows remote
- control of the instrumentation and further processing of the measuring
- results.
- .PP
- If provided, the interface shall comply with the interface bus
- according to IEC Publication\ 625\ [15] or with Recommendation\ V.24\ [8].
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB11\fR \fBOperating environment\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- The electrical performance requirements shall be met when operating at
- climatic conditions as specified in Rec.\ O.3, \(sc\ 2.1.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fBReferences\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .LP
- [1]
- CCITT Recommendation \fIStandardization of international texts for the\fR
- \fImeasurement of the margin of start\(hystop equipment\fR , Vol.\ VII,
- Rec.\ R.52.
- .LP
- [2]
- CCITT Recommendation \fIStandardization of data signalling rates for\fR
- \fIsynchronous data transmission in the general switched telephone network\fR ,
- Vol.\ VIII, Rec.\ V.5.
- .LP
- [3]
- CCITT Recommendation \fIStandardization of data signalling rates for\fR
- \fIsynchronous data transmission on leased telephone\(hytype circuits\fR
- , Vol.\ VIII, Rec.\ V.6.
- .LP
- [4]
- CCITT Recommendation \fIModems for synchronous data transmission using\fR
- \fI60\(hy108 kHz group band circuits\fR , Vol.\ VIII, Rec.\ V.36.
- .LP
- [5]
- CCITT Recommendation \fISynchronous data transmission at a data\fR
- \fIsignalling rate higher than 72 kbit/s using 60\(hy108 kHz group band
- circuits\fR ,\fR Vol.\ VIII, Rec.\ V.37.
- .LP
- [6]
- CCITT Recommendation \fIElectrical characteristics for unbalanced\fR
- \fIdouble\(hycurrent interchange circuits for general use with integrated
- circuit\fR \fIequipment in the field of data communications\fR , Vol.\
- VIII, Rec.\ V.10.
- .LP
- [7]
- CCITT Recommendation \fIElectrical characteristics for balanced\fR
- \fIdouble\(hycurrent interchange circuits for general use with integrated
- circuit\fR \fIequipment in the field of data communications\fR , Vol.\
- VIII, Rec.\ V.11.
- .bp
- .LP
- [8]
- CCITT Recommendation \fIList of definitions for interchange circuits\fR
- \fIbetween data terminal equipment and data circuit\(hyterminating equipment\fR
- ,
- Vol.\ VIII, Rec.\ V.24.
- .LP
- [9]
- CCITT Recommendation \fIElectrical characteristics for unbalanced\fR
- \fIdouble\(hycurrent interchange circuits\fR , Vol.\ VIII, Rec.\ V.28.
- .LP
- [10]
- CCITT Recommendation \fIData transmission at 48 kbit/s using 60\(hy108
- kHz\fR \fIgroup band circuits\fR , Vol.\ VIII, Rec.\ V.35.
- .LP
- [11]
- CCITT Recommendation \fIInterface between data terminal equipment (DTE)\fR
- \fIand data circuit\(hyterminating equipment (DCE) for synchronous operation
- on\fR
- \fIpublic data networks\fR , Vol.\ VIII, Rec.\ X.21.
- .LP
- [12]
- CCITT Recommendation \fIList of definitions for interchange circuits\fR
- \fIbetween data terminal equipment (DTE) and data circuit\(hyterminating
- equipment\fR \fI(DCE) on public data networks\fR , Vol.\ VIII, Rec.\ X.24.
- .LP
- [13]
- CCITT Recommendation \fIInternational Alphabet No. 5\fR , Vol.\ VII,
- Rec.\ T.50.
- .LP
- [14]
- CCITT Recommendation \fIError performance of an international digital\fR
- \fIconnection forming part of an integrated digital network\fR , Vol.\
- III,
- Rec.\ G.821.
- .LP
- [15]
- IEC Publication 624 \fIAn interface system for programmable measuring\fR
- \fIinstruments (byte serial, bit parallel)\fR .
- \v'6p'
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fBRecommendation\ O.161\fR
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fBIN\(hySERVICE\ CODE\ VIOLATION\ MONITORS\ FOR\ DIGITAL\ SYSTEMS\fR
- .EF '% Fascicle\ IV.4\ \(em\ Rec.\ O.161''
- .OF '''Fascicle\ IV.4\ \(em\ Rec.\ O.161 %'
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fI(Geneva, 1980; amended Malaga\(hyTorremolinos, 1984)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB1\fR \fBGeneral\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- This specification describes an in\(hyservice code violation monitor for
- the first and second level in the digital transmission hierarchy.
- .PP
- The pseudoternary codes to be monitored are alternate mark inversion (AMI),
- high density bipolar with a maximum of 3 consecutive zeros (HDB3),
- B6ZS and B8ZS.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB2\fR \fBDefinition of\fR
- \fBcode violation\fR
- .FS
- According to the
- definitions of code violations in this Recommendation it should be taken
- into account that the code violation monitor will not detect zero sequences
- which
- violate the relevant coding rules.
- .FE
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.1
- \fIAMI\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Two consecutive marks of the same polarity. This may not be the
- absolute number of errors.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.2
- \fIHDB3\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Two consecutive bipolar violations of the same polarity. This may not be
- the absolute number of errors.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.3
- \fIB6ZS\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Two consecutive marks of the same polarity excluding violations
- caused by the zero substitution code. This may not be the absolute number of
- errors.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.4
- \fIB8ZS\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Two consecutive marks of the same polarity excluding violations
- caused by the
- zero substitution code
- . This may not be the absolute
- number or errors.
- .bp
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB3\fR \fBInput signal\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.1
- \fIInterface\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The code violation monitor shall be capable of operating at the
- following bit rates and corresponding interface characteristics as described
- in the appropriate paragraphs of Recommendation\ G.703\ [1]:
- .RT
- .LP
- a)
- 1544 kbit/s;
- .LP
- b)
- 6312 kbit/s;
- .LP
- c)
- 2048 kbit/s;
- .LP
- d)
- 8448 kbit/s.
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 3.2
- \fIInstrument operation\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 3.2.1
- The instrument may be equipped to monitor only one or two of
- the listed codes and operate at the appropriate bit rates for those codes.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 3.3
- \fIInput sensitivity\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 3.3.1
- The instrument is required to operate satisfactorily under the following
- input conditions.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 3.3.1.1
- Input impedances and levels in accordance with
- Recommendation\ G.703\ [1].
- .PP
- 3.3.1.2
- The instrument shall also be capable of monitoring at protected
- test points on digital equipment. Therefore, a high impedance input and/or
- additional gain of 30\ dB (40\ dB \(em see Note) shall be provided to compensate
- for the loss at the monitoring points already provided on some equipment.
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ As an option for instruments operating at an interface
- of 1544\ kbit/s corresponding to the Recommendation cited in\ [1], the
- additional gain, where provided, shall be 40\ dB.
- .PP
- 3.3.1.3
- Additionally, the instrument is required to operate satisfactorily, in
- both the terminated and monitor mode, when connected to an interface output
- in accordance with Recommendation\ G.703\ [1] via a length of cable which
- can
- have an insertion loss of 0\ dB to 6\ dB at the half bit rate of the signal.
- The insertion loss of the cable at other frequencies will be proportional
- to\
- @ sqrt { fIf\fR~ | } @ .
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 3.4
- \fIInput impedance\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 3.4.1
- The instrument shall have a return loss better than 20\ dB under the conditions
- listed in Table\ 1/O.161.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .ce
- \fBH.T. [T1.161]\fR
- .ce
- TABLE\ 1/O.161
- .ps 9
- .vs 11
- .nr VS 11
- .nr PS 9
- .TS
- center box;
- cw(54p) | cw(132p) .
- {
- Instrument
- operating at
- (kbit/s)
- } Test conditions
- _
- .T&
- cw(54p) | lw(72p) | lw(60p) .
- 1544\fR 100 ohms, nonreactive 20 kHz to 1.6 MHz
- _
- .T&
- cw(54p) | lw(72p) | lw(60p) .
- 2048 75/120/130 ohms, nonreactive 40 kHz to 2.5 MHz
- _
- .T&
- cw(54p) | lw(72p) | lw(60p) .
- 6312\fR 75/110 ohms, nonreactive 100 kHz to 6.5 MHz
- _
- .T&
- cw(54p) | lw(72p) | lw(60p) .
- 8448 75 ohms, nonreactive 100 kHz to 10.0 MHz
- _
- .TE
- .nr PS 9
- .RT
- .ad r
- \fBTable 1/O.161 [T1.161], p. \fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 3.5
- \fISignal input gating\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 3.5.1
- The instrument shall incorporate a sampling circuit, operated from the
- incoming digital signal, such that the instrument senses only the
- voltages which are present during a short gating period at the midpoint
- of each digit time slot.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 3.6
- \fIInput\fR
- \fIjitter\fR \fItolerance\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 3.6.1
- The instrument shall be able to tolerate the lower limit of
- maximum tolerable input jitter specified in the appropriate paragraph of
- Recommendation\ G.703\ [1].
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB4\fR \fBDisplay\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 4.1
- The instrument shall incorporate an indicator to show the
- presence of a digital signal of correct amplitude and bit rate.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 4.2
- The code violation rate shall be indicated in the range\ 1 in
- 10\u3\d to at least 1 in 10\u6\d. Indication of code violations, occurring
- in the input signal and detected as defined in \(sc\ 2 above, shall be
- determined by
- counting the number of code violations that occur during the period of
- at least 10\u6\d digit time slots.
- .PP
- 4.3
- It shall be possible to indicate the sum of the code violations. This facility
- will not be required at the same time as the code violation rate is being
- counted and displayed.
- .PP
- 4.4
- The count capacity shall be 99 999 and a separate indicator shall be given
- if the count exceeds this figure.
- .PP
- 4.5
- The counting sequence shall be started by operating a \*Qstart\*U
- control and shall be stopped by a \*Qstop\*U control.
- .PP
- 4.6
- The counter, and its display, shall be capable of being reset.
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB5\fR \fBInstrument check\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 5.1
- A check facility shall be provided. This facility is to enable a check
- to be made of the display, counter and recorder output and optionally of
- the instrument input circuits.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 5.2
- Where the optional check of the input circuits is provided, the
- method of introducing code violations into the input digital signal shall be
- agreed. The violations shall be as defined in \(sc\ 2 above.
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB6\fR \fBRecorder output\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 6.1
- An output signal may optionally be provided by the instrument to enable
- the status of the digital signal to be recorded externally in
- analogue and/or digital form.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 6.2
- For the analogue output, the signal shall vary corresponding to
- the measured result.
- .PP
- 6.3
- If the instrument has an analogue output, appropriate means for
- calibrating the external recorder shall be provided.
- .PP
- 6.4
- A possible arrangement relating the status of the digital input signal
- to the d.c. output signal is given in Table\ 2/O.161. The actual arrangement
- will depend upon the count period specified for the instrument (see \(sc\ 4.2
- above).
- .PP
- 6.5
- For the digital output of the measurement result, where provided, a parallel
- signal in binary coded decimal (BCD) form with
- transistor\(hytransistor logic (TTL) levels shall be used.
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB7\fR \fBOperating environment\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- The electrical performance requirements shall be met when operating at
- the climatic conditions as specified in Recommendation\ O.3,
- \(sc\ 2.1.
- .bp
- .RT
- .ce
- \fBH.T. [T2.161]\fR
- .ce
- TABLE\ 2/O.161
- .ps 9
- .vs 11
- .nr VS 11
- .nr PS 9
- .TS
- center box;
- cw(90p) | cw(30p) | cw(30p) .
- Status Deflection (mA or volts) Tolerance (mA or volts)
- _
- .T&
- lw(90p) | cw(30p) | cw(30p) .
- No signal 0\fB.5\fR \(em
- _
- .T&
- lw(90p) | cw(30p) | cw(30p) .
- Valid signal 5\fB.5\fR \(+- | .2
- _
- .T&
- lw(90p) | cw(30p) | cw(30p) .
- {
- Violation rate \(>=" 1 | (mu | 0\uD\dlF261\u3\d
- } 2\fB.5\fR \(+- | .2
- _
- .T&
- lw(90p) | cw(30p) | cw(30p) .
- {
- Violation rate \(>=" 1 | (mu | 0\uD\dlF261\u4\d
- } 2.5 \(+- | .2
- _
- .T&
- lw(90p) | cw(30p) | cw(30p) .
- {
- Violation rate \(>=" 1 | (mu | 0\uD\dlF261\u5\d
- } 3\fB.5\fR \(+- | .2
- _
- .T&
- lw(90p) | cw(30p) | cw(30p) .
- {
- Violation rate \(>=" 1 | (mu | 0\uD\dlF261\u6\d
- } 3.5 \(+- | .2
- _
- .T&
- lw(90p) | cw(30p) | cw(30p) .
- Single code violations 4\fB.5\fR \(+- | .2
- _
- .TE
- .nr PS 9
- .RT
- .ad r
- \fBTABLEAU\ 2/O.161 [T2.161], p. 7\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fBReference\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .LP
- [1]
- CCITT Recommendation \fIPhysical/electrical characteristics of\fR
- \fIhierarchical digital interfaces\fR , Vol.\ III, Rec.\ G.703.
- \v'1P'
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fBRecommendation\ O.162\fR
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fBEQUIPMENT TO PERFORM IN SERVICE MONITORING\fR \fBON 2048 kbit/s SIGNALS\fR
- .EF '% Fascicle\ IV.4\ \(em\ Rec.\ O.162''
- .OF '''Fascicle\ IV.4\ \(em\ Rec.\ O.162 %'
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fI(Geneva, 1980, amended Melbourne, 1988)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB1\fR \fBGeneral\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 1.1
- This specification describes an instrument for performing in\(hyservice
- error tests on 2\ Mbit/s signals having frame structures that are in accordance
- with Recommendation\ G.704 [1].
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 1.2
- The instrument is required to monitor a 2048\(hykbit/s HDB3 encoded signal,
- display any inherent alarm condition in the signal and be capable of
- counting errors in the frame alignment signal.
- .PP
- 1.3
- The instrument may also, if so desired, count and display HDB3
- code violations as a separate facility.
- .PP
- 1.4
- The instrument is required to monitor any cyclic redundancy
- check\ (CRC) procedure signals, in accordance with Recommendation\ G.704\ [1],
- conveyed within the frame alignment signal, and time slot\ 0 (TSO) of frames
- not containing the frame alignment signal.
- .PP
- 1.5
- As an option the instrument may provide access to the information bits
- conveyed in any selected time slot.
- .bp
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 1.6
- \fIHDB3 decoding strategy\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- When necessary, the received digital signal shall be decoded by the instrument
- in a manner such that, when sampling the signal, on recognition of\ 2 consecutive
- zeros (spaces) followed by a bipolar violation, the decoder shall substitute\
- 4 consecutive zeros in place of the bipolar violation and the\ 3
- preceding digits.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB2\fR \fBInput signal\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.1
- \fIInterface\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The instrument shall be capable of operating with the interface at 2048\
- kbit/s corresponding to Recommendation\ G.703\ [2], \(sc\ 6.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 2.2
- \fIInput sensitivity\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 2.2.1
- The instrument is required to operate satisfactorily under the following
- input conditions.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 2.2.1.1
- Input impedances and levels in accordance with
- Recommendation\ G.703\ [2].
- .PP
- 2.2.1.2
- The instrument shall also be capable of monitoring at protected
- test points on digital equipment. Therefore, a high impedance input and/or
- additional gain of 30\ dB shall be provided to compensate for the loss at the
- monitoring points already provided on some equipment.
- .PP
- 2.2.1.3
- Additionally the instrument is required to operate satisfactorily, in both
- the terminated and monitor mode, when connected to an interface output
- in accordance with Recommendation\ G.703\ [2] via a length of cable which
- can
- have an insertion loss of 0\ dB to 6\ dB at the half bit rate of the signal.
- The insertion loss of the cable at other frequencies will be proportional
- to\
- @ sqrt { fIf\fR~ | } @ .
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 2.3
- \fIInput impedance\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 2.3.1
- The instrument shall have a return loss of better than 20\ dB
- against a nonreactive 75/120/130\(hyohm resistor over a frequency range
- of 40\ kHz to 2500\ kHz.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 2.4
- \fISignal input gating\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 2.4.1
- The instrument shall incorporate a timing recovery circuit,
- operated from the incoming digital signal, such that the instrument senses
- only the voltages which are present during a short gating period at the
- midpoint of each digit time slot.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 2.5
- \fIInput\fR
- \fIjitter\fR \fItolerance\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 2.5.1
- The instrument shall be able to tolerate the lower limit of
- maximum tolerable input jitter specified in Recommendation\ G.823\ [3].
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB3\fR \fBFacilities\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 3.1
- The instrument shall incorporate fault indications to meet the alarm strategies
- of equipments meeting Recommendation\ G.732\ [4].
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 3.2
- A possible fault indication plan is illustrated in \(sc\ 3.3 below.
- All fault indicators are normally extinguished.
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 3.3
- \fIFault indication plan\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.3.1
- \fIInput signal failure\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- A fault indication shall be given if more than 10\ consecutive zeros are
- detected.
- .bp
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.3.2
- \fIAlarm indication signal (AIS)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The instrument shall recognize a signal containing less than 3
- zeros in a 2\(hyframe period (512\ bits) as a valid AIS signal and the
- appropriate indicator shall be lit.
- .PP
- The strategy for the detection of the presence of an AIS shall be such
- that the AIS is detectable even in the presence of a code violation rate
- of 1 in 10\u3\d. However, a signal with all bits in the 1s state, except
- the
- frame alignment signal (FAS), shall not be mistaken for a valid AIS.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 3.3.3
- \fIFrame\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 3.3.3.1
- In the event of a loss of frame alignment, as defined in
- Recommendation\ G.706\ [5], \(sc\ 4, the instrument shall recognize the
- loss and the appropriate indicator shall be lit.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 3.3.3.2
- In the event of recovery of frame alignment, as defined in
- Recommendation\ G.706\ [5], \(sc\ 4, the indicator shall be extinguished.
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ The instrument shall be able to synchronize to frames
- with or without CRC bits.
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 3.3.4
- \fIErrors in the\fR
- \fIframe alignment signal\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 3.3.4.1
- The instrument shall have a means of indicating bit error
- rates, e.g.\ 1\ \(mu\ 10\uD\dlF261\u3\d, 1\ \(mu\ 10\uD\dlF261\u4\d, 1\
- \(mu\ 10\uD\dlF261\u5\d and illuminate the appropriate indicator.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The indication of bit error rates occurring in the received
- decoded signal and detected as incorrect frame alignment signals shall
- comply with the limits given in Table\ 1/O.162. The requirements in the
- table shall
- apply on the assumption that the average bit error rates are present for the
- whole of the counter measurement period.
- .ce
- \fBH.T. [T1.162]\fR
- .ce
- TABLE\ 1/O.162
- .ps 9
- .vs 11
- .nr VS 11
- .nr PS 9
- .TS
- center box;
- cw(42p) | cw(42p) | cw(54p) sw(54p) , ^ | ^ | c | c.
- Bit error rate indication {
- Average bit error rates in decoded signal
- } {
- Probability of indication illuminating or extinguishing
- within the periods stated below
- }
- Illuminate Extinguish
- _
- .T&
- cw(42p) | cw(42p) | cw(54p) | cw(54p) .
- 1 | (mu | 0\uD\dlF261\u3\d {
- 1 | (mu | 0\uD\dlF261\u3\d
- 5 | (mu | 0\uD\dlF261\u4\d
- 1 | (mu | 0\uD\dlF261\u4\d
- } {
- 50% within 0.3 s
- \ 5% within 0.3 s
- \(em
- } {
- \ 5% within 0.3 s
- \(em
- 95% within 0.3 s
- }
- _
- .T&
- cw(42p) | cw(42p) | cw(54p) | cw(54p) .
- 1 | (mu | 0\uD\dlF261\u4\d {
- 1 | (mu | 0\uD\dlF261\u4\d
- 5 | (mu | 0\uD\dlF261\u5\d
- 1 | (mu | 0\uD\dlF261\u5\d
- } {
- 50% within 3 s
- \ 5% within 3 s
- \(em
- } {
- \ 5% within 3 s
- \(em
- 95% within 3 s
- }
- _
- .T&
- cw(42p) | cw(42p) | cw(54p) | cw(54p) .
- 1 | (mu | 0\uD\dlF261\u5\d {
- 1 | (mu | 0\uD\dlF261\u5\d
- 5 | (mu | 0\uD\dlF261\u6\d
- 1 | (mu | 0\uD\dlF261\u6\d
- } {
- 50% within 30 s
- \ 5% within 30 s
- \(em
- } {
- \ 5% within 30 s
- \(em
- 95% within 30 s
- }
- _
- .TE
- .nr PS 9
- .RT
- .ad r
- \fBTable 1/O.162 [T1.162] p. \fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .PP
- 3.3.4.2
- It shall also be possible to count the sum of the errors
- indicated. The count capacity shall be 99 | 99. A\ separate indication
- shall be given if the count exceeds this figure.
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 3.3.5
- \fIMultiframe\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 3.3.5.1
- In the event of a loss of multiframe alignment, as defined in Recommendation\
- G.732\ [4], \(sc\ 5.2, the instrument shall recognize the loss and
- the appropriate indicator shall be lit.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 3.3.5.2
- In the event of recovery of multiframe alignment, as defined in
- Recommendation\ G.732\ [4], \(sc\ 5.2, the indicators shall be extinguished.
- .bp
- .PP
- 3.3.5.3
- If time slot 16 is used for common channel signalling, the
- multiframe alignment signal is not present in a nominal input signal to the
- instrument. In this case it shall be possible to inhibit the loss of multiframe
- indicator in order to prevent false alarm indications.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.3.6
- \fIDistant alarm\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The instrument shall recognize the distant alarm condition as
- defined in Recommendation\ G.732\ [4] (bit\ 3 of time slot\ 0 in frames
- alternate to those containing the frame alignment signal for at least 2\
- consecutive
- occasions and recognized within 4\ consecutive occasions) and the appropriate
- indicator shall be lit.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 3.3.7
- \fIDistant multiframe alarm\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 3.3.7.1
- The instrument shall recognize the distant multiframe alarm
- condition as defined in Recommendation\ G.732\ [4] (bit\ 6 of time slot\ 16,
- frame\ 0 for at least 2\ consecutive occasions and recognized within
- 3\ consecutive occasions) and the appropriate indicator shall be lit.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 3.3.7.2
- If time slot 16 is used for common channel signalling, bit\ 6 will be continuously
- in state\ 1. In this case it shall be possible to inhibit the
- distant multiframe alarm in order to prevent false alarm indications.
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 3.4
- \fICyclic redundancy check procedure\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 3.4.1
- Where a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) procedure in accordance with Recommendation\
- G.704 [1] is implemented within the\ 2\ Mbit/s signal the
- instrument shall provide the features detailed in \(sc\(sc\ 3.4.2, 3.4.3
- and\ 3.4.4.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 3.4.2
- The instrument shall indicate the presence of CRC framing bits.
- .PP
- 3.4.3
- The instrument shall have a means of indicating bit error rates of
- 1\ \(mu\ 10\uD\dlF261\u5\d, 1\ \(mu\ 10\uD\dlF261\u6\d and 1\ \(mu\ 10\uD\dlF261\u7\d
- and shall cause the
- appropriate indicator to be illustrated under the conditions defined.
- .PP
- The indication of bit error rates occurring in the received
- decoded signal and detected by means of the CRC procedure information shall
- comply with the limits given in Table\ 2/O.162.
- .ce
- \fBH.T. [T2.162]\fR
- .ce
- TABLE\ 2/O.162
- .ps 9
- .vs 11
- .nr VS 11
- .nr PS 9
- .TS
- center box;
- cw(42p) | cw(42p) | cw(54p) sw(54p) , ^ | ^ | c | c.
- Bit error rate indication {
- Average bit error rate in decoded signal
- } {
- Probability of indication illuminating or extinguishing
- within the periods stated below
- }
- Illuminate Extinguish
- _
- .T&
- cw(42p) | cw(42p) | cw(54p) | cw(54p) .
- 1 | (mu | 0\uD\dlF261\u5\d {
- 1 | (mu | 0\uD\dlF261\u5\d
- 5 | (mu | 0\uD\dlF261\u6\d
- 1 | (mu | 0\uD\dlF261\u6\d
- } {
- 50% within 1 s
- \ 5% within 1 s
- \(em
- } {
- \ 5% within 1 s
- \(em
- 95% within 1 s
- }
- _
- .T&
- cw(42p) | cw(42p) | cw(54p) | cw(54p) .
- 1 | (mu | 0\uD\dlF261\u6\d {
- 1 | (mu | 0\uD\dlF261\u6\d
- 5 | (mu | 0\uD\dlF261\u7\d
- 1 | (mu | 0\uD\dlF261\u7\d
- } {
- 50% within 10 s
- \ 5% within 10 s
- \(em
- } {
- \ 5% within 10 s
- \(em
- 95% within 10 s
- }
- _
- .T&
- cw(42p) | cw(42p) | cw(54p) | cw(54p) .
- 1 | (mu | 0\uD\dlF261\u7\d {
- 1 | (mu | 0\uD\dlF261\u7\d
- 5 | (mu | 0\uD\dlF261\u8\d
- 1 | (mu | 0\uD\dlF261\u8\d
- } {
- 50% within 100 s
- \ 5% within 100 s
- \(em
- } {
- \ 5% within 100 s
- \(em
- 95% within 100 s
- }
- _
- .TE
- .nr PS 9
- .RT
- .ad r
- \fBTable 2/O.162 [T2.162], p. \fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .PP
- 3.4.4
- It shall also be possible to count the sum of errors indicated. The
- count capacity shall be 99\ 999. A separate indication shall be given if the
- count exceeds this figure.
- .bp
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 3.5
- \fICode violation detection\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.5.1
- \fIDefinition of an\fR
- \fIHDB3 code violation\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Two consecutive bipolar violations of the same polarity. This may not be
- the absolute number of errors.
- .RT
- .PP
- 3.5.2
- When used as an HDB3 code violation detector the instrument
- shall incorporate an indicator to indicate the presence of a digital signal
- of correct amplitude and bit rate.
- .PP
- 3.5.3
- The code violation rate shall be indicated in the range\ 1 in
- 10\u3\d to at least 1 in 10\u6\d. Indications of code violations occurring
- in the input signal and detected as defined in \(sc\ 3.5.1 above, shall
- be determined by counting the number of code violations that occur during
- the period of at least 10\u6\d time slots.
- .PP
- 3.5.4
- It shall be possible to indicate the sum of the code violations.
- This facility will not be required at the same time as the code violation
- rate is being counted and displayed.
- .PP
- 3.5.5
- The count capacity shall be 99 | 99 and a separate indication shall
- be given if the count exceeds this figure.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.6
- \fIPerformance indications\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- As an option the instrument shall be capable of providing
- performance information in accordance with G.821 [6].
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.7
- \fILamp lock \(em Lamp auto reset\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- A facility shall be provided whereby the fault indication lamps
- either clear automatically when the fault condition clears or remain lit
- until a manual reset is operated.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.8
- \fITime slot access\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- As an option it shall be possible to access, at an external
- interface, the contents of any selected time slot, including time slot\
- 16. An external interface meeting the requirements of a co\(hydirectional
- interface, as defined in Recommendation\ G.703 [2], is preferred.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB4\fR \fBDisplay\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 4.1
- The counting sequence shall be started by operating a \*Qstart\*U control
- and shall be stopped by a \*Qstop\*U control.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 4.2
- References to counters and displays being illuminated and extinguished
- does not imply that \*Qlight emitting\*U displays are essential.
- .PP
- 4.3
- The counter, and its display, shall be capable of being reset.
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB5\fR \fBAlarm function check\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- A method of introducing fault conditions into the incoming digital signal,
- in order to check the correct functioning of the instrument, shall be considered.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB6\fR \fBAlarm output signal\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- As an option, an interface shall be provided to enable an external device,
- e.g. printer, to be connected to the instrument to allow recording of the
- status of the digital signal input to the instrument.
- .PP
- An interface in accordance with Recommendation\ V.24\ [7] or V.28\ [8],
- carrying suitably abbreviated, plain text messages in ASCII/T.50\ [9] coded
- format according to the requirements of Recommendation\ V.4\ [10] is
- preferred.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB7\fR \fBOperating environment\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- The electrical performance requirements shall be met when operating within
- the climatic conditions specified in Recommendation\ O.3, \(sc\ 2.1.
- .bp
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fBReferences\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .LP
- [1]
- CCITT Recommendation \fISynchronous frame structures used at primary
- and\fR \fIsecondary hierarchical levels\fR , Vol.\ III, Rec.\ G.704.
- .LP
- [2]
- CCITT Recommendation \fIPhysical/electrical characteristics of\fR
- \fIhierarchical digital interfaces\fR , Vol.\ III, Rec.\ G.703.
- .LP
- [3]
- CCITT Recommendation \fIThe control of jitter and wander within\fR
- \fIdigital networks which are based on the 2048\ kbit/s hierarchy\fR
- Vol.\ III, Rec.\ G.823.
- .LP
- [4]
- CCITT Recommendation \fICharacteristics of primary PCM multiplex\fR
- \fIequipment operating at 2048\ kbit/s\fR , Vol.\ III,
- Rec.\ G.732.
- .LP
- [5]
- CCITT Recommendation \fIFrame alignment and CRC procedures relating to\fR
- \fIframes defined in Rec.\ G.704\fR , Vol.\ III, Rec.\ G.706.
- .LP
- [6]
- CCITT Recommendation \fIError performance of an international digital\fR
- \fIconnection forming part of an integrated digital network\fR , Vol.\ III,
- Rec.\ G.821.
- .LP
- [7]
- CCITT Recommendation \fIList of definitions for interchange circuits\fR
- \fIbetween data terminal equipment and data circuit\(hyterminating equipment\fR
- ,
- Vol.\ VIII, Rec.\ V.24.
- .LP
- [8]
- CCITT Recommendation \fIElectrical characteristics or unbalanced\fR
- \fIdouble\(hycurrent interchange circuits\fR , Vol. VIII, Rec.\ V.28.
- .LP
- [9]
- CCITT Recommendation \fIInternational Alphabet No.\ 5\fR , Vol.\ VII,
- Rec.\ T.50.
- .LP
- [10]
- CCITT Recommendation \fIGeneral structure of signals of International\fR
- \fIAlphabet No.\ 5 code for character oriented data transmission over public\fR
- \fItelephone networks\fR , Vol.\ VIII, Rec.\ V.4.
- \v'6p'
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fBRecommendation\ O.163\fR
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fBEQUIPMENT TO PERFORM IN\(hySERVICE MONITORING\fR \fBON 1544 kbit/s SIGNALS\fR
- .EF '% Fascicle\ IV.4\ \(em\ Rec.\ O.163''
- .OF '''Fascicle\ IV.4\ \(em\ Rec.\ O.163 %'
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fI(Melbourne, 1988)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB1\fR \fBGeneral\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 1.1
- This specification describes frame alignment signal monitoring
- equipment for 1544\ kbit/s frame structures that are in accordance with
- Recommendation\ G.704\ [1]. This equipment is intended to monitor 12\(hyframe
- multiframe (superframe format\ \(em\ SF) or 24\(hyframe multiframe (extended
- superframe format\ \(em\ ESF) structures having either AMI or B8ZS line
- codes as
- defined in\ \(sc\ 2 of Recommendation\ G.703 [2].
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 1.2
- This equipment shall provide the following capabilities:
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- a)
- monitor and display the error performance of the frame
- alignment signal;
- .LP
- b)
- detect and accumulate the counts of occurrences of loss of frame alignment;
- .LP
- c)
- measure and display the error performance of 24\(hyframe
- multiframe signals by monitoring the cyclic redundancy check (CRC\(hy6)
- bits and performing a CRC\(hy6 procedure in accordance with Recommendation\
- G.704 [1] and as described below;
- .LP
- d)
- detect and display the various alarm or fault conditions
- including loss of signal, loss of frame alignment, and other alarm conditions
- indicated by specific bit patterns.
- .PP
- 1.3
- The equipment may optionally provide the following additional
- capabilities:
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- a)
- detect and display the code violations in the 1544\ kbits
- signal in accordance with Recommendation\ O.161;
- .LP
- b)
- provide an external interface for extracting the information bits conveyed
- in any selected channel time slot;
- .LP
- c)
- provide an external interface for extracting the 4\ kbit/s
- data link bits defined in the 24\(hyframe multiframe structure;
- .LP
- d)
- provide an external interface for extracting the signalling bits in the
- 12\(hyframe and 24\(hyframe structures.
- .bp
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB2\fR \fBInput requirements\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.1
- \fIInterface\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The specification of protected monitoring points is under study in SG\
- XV and SG\ IV.
- .FE
- The monitoring equipment shall be capable of operating with a test load
- impedance at a 1544\ kbit/s interface as defined in\ \(sc\ 2 of
- Recommendation\ G.703 [2]. It shall also be capable of operating when connected
- to protected monitoring points
- (see also Recommendation\ G.772\ [3]).
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 2.2
- \fIInput impedance\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.2.1
- \fIInput impedance\fR | (resistive)
- \ 100\ ohms
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.2.2
- \fIReturn loss (20\ kHz to 1600\ kHz)\fR \ >\ 20\ dB
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.3
- \fIInput sensitivity\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- As a minimum, the monitoring equipment shall operate properly in
- the line terminating mode over the range of bit rates, pulse shapes and
- signal levels defined in\ \(sc\ 2 of Recommendation\ G.703 [2]. It shall
- also be equipped
- with an additional gain to compensate for the isolation loss incurred at
- protected monitoring points
- (see also Recommendation\ G.772 [3]). A signal level indicator, or other
- means, shall be provided for the proper adjustment of input sensitivity.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.4
- \fIInput jitter tolerance\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The monitoring equipment shall be able to tolerate input jitter
- specified in Table\ 2/G.824 [4] without degradation of measuring accuracy.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.5
- \fIInput line codes\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The monitoring equipment is intended for use with both AMI and B8ZS line
- codes. The instrument shall have the capability to select either AMI or
- B8ZS, through a switch or other appropriate means. The instrument should
- indicate when it is receiving B8ZS when switched to the AMI mode, and vice
- versa.
- .RT
- .LP
- \fB3\fR \fBDetection, measurement, and indication requirements\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 3.1
- \fIDetection and indication of fault conditions\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.1.1
- \fILoss of line signal\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Under study.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.1.2
- \fILoss of frame alignment\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The equipment shall recognize the loss of frame alignment as
- defined in Recommendation\ G.706 [5], and an appropriate indication shall be
- given.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.1.3
- \fIRecovery of frame alignment\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The procedure for determining recovery of frame alignment shall be in accordance
- with Recommendation\ G.706 [5]. When frame recovery is complete, the indication
- of loss of frame alignment shall cease.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.1.4
- \fIAlarm indication signal (AIS) from an upstream failure\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The equipment shall recognize the presence of an alarm indication signal
- (AIS) indicating an upstream failure, and an appropriate indication
- shall be given. The binary equivalent of the AIS corresponds to an all ones
- signal. The strategy for the detection of the presence of an AIS shall
- be such that with a high probability, it is detected even in the presence
- of a code
- violation ratio of\ 1 in\ 1000.
- .bp
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.1.5
- \fIDistant alarm indication signal (DAIS)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The equipment shall recognize the presence of distant alarm
- indication signal as defined in Recommendation\ G.733 [6], \(sc\ 4.2.4 for both
- 12\(hyframe and 24\(hyframe multiframe signals, and an appropriate indication
- shall be given. The strategy for the detection of the presence of this
- distant alarm indication signal shall be such that with a high probability,
- it is detected
- even in the presence of a code violation ratio of\ 1 in 1000.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 3.2
- \fIFrame alignment signal (FAS) error performance measurements\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.2.1
- \fICount of errored seconds\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The equipment shall be capable of counting the number of one second intervals
- in which one or more errors occur in the FAS bits associated with the 12\(hyframe
- or 24\(hyframe structures as defined in Recommendation\ G.704 [1]. The
- number of errored seconds in a selectable time period (see\ \(sc\ 4.1) shall be
- counted and displayed. The equipment shall establish one\(hysecond intervals
- independent of the occurrence of errors.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.2.2
- \fICount of errors\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The equipment shall be capable of counting the number of FAS bit
- errors occurring in a selectable time period (see\ \(sc\ 4.1).
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 3.3
- \fICRC\(hy6 error performance monitoring\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.3.1
- \fICount of errored seconds\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The equipment shall be capable of counting the number of one\(hysecond
- intervals in which one or more CRC\(hy6 violations are detected in 24\(hyframe
- multiframe signals using the CRC\(hy6 procedure defined in Recommendation\
- G.704
- [1] and G.706 [5]. The number of errored seconds in a selectable time period
- shall be counted and displayed. The equipment shall establish one\(hysecond
- intervals independent of the occurrence of errors.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.3.2
- \fIPerformance indications\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- As an option the instrument shall be capable of providing
- performance information in accordance with Recommendation\ G.821 [7].
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.3.3
- \fIEstimate of bit\(hyerror\(hyratio\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- This equipment shall optionally be capable of providing an estimate of
- the bit\(hyerror\(hyratio performance of 24\(hyframe multiframe signals
- in the range 10\uD\dlF261\u4\d to 10\uD\dlF261\u7\d by detecting CRC\(hy6
- violations. In performing this
- measurement, it shall be assumed that only one bit\(hyerror has occurred
- each time a CRC\(hy6 violation is detected. It is noted that this may not
- be an accurate
- estimate since more than one bit\(hyerror may occur within a 24\(hyframe
- multiframe, due to the bursty nature of error occurrences.
- .PP
- The time interval for each bit\(hyerror\(hyratio measurement that is within
- the required range of the equipment shall be sufficiently long to include
- at
- least ten CRC violations.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.3.4
- \fICount of errors\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The equipment shall also be capable of counting the number of CRC\(hy6
- violations occurring in a selectable time period (see\ \(sc\ 4.1).
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.4
- \fILoss of frame\(hyalignment count\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The equipment shall be capable of counting the occurrences of loss of frame
- alignment over a selectable time period (see\ \(sc\ 4.1). Error counters
- shall be disabled during intervals of loss of frame alignment.
- .bp
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.5
- \fIMeasurement of code violations\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- If the measurement of 1544\ kbit/s code violations is included, the equipment
- shall meet the requirements of Recommendation\ O.161.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.6
- \fIChannel time slot access\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- As an option, receiving access may be provided to a selected
- 64\ kbit/s channel at an external interface. An interface meeting the
- requirements of a co\(hydirectional interface output port defined in
- Recommendation\ G.703\ [2], is preferred. In addition a centralized clock
- interface as defined in Recommendation\ G.703 [2] may be provided.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.7
- \fI4 kbit/s data link access\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Under study.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.8
- \fISignaling bit access\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Under study.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB4\fR \fBControl and display requirements\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 4.1
- \fIMeasurement timer\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- A measurement interval timer shall be provided for the convenience of the
- user when counting errors. The timer shall be adjustable from\ 5 minutes
- to\ 24 hours in steps of one minute or continuous. Manual \*Qstart\*U and
- \*Qstop\*U
- controls shall also be provided.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 4.2
- \fICount registers\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The count registers shall have a capacity of at least 99999. A
- separate means for indicating overflow shall be provided. Each of the registers
- shall be capable of being independently reset. A separate register shall
- be
- provided for each parameter or condition listed in\ \(sc\(sc\ 3.1 through\ 3.4.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 4.3
- \fISelection of multiframe structure\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- A control shall be provided to permit a user to select whether the 12\(hyframe
- or 24\(hyframe multiframe structure is being monitored. As an option the
- equipment may automatically sense and display whether the signal being
- monitored is a 12\(hyframe, 24\(hyframe or neither multiframe structure.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 4.4
- \fILock/reset of displays\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- For each of the fault condition indications given in\ \(sc\ 3.1 means
- shall be provided whereby the display will remain visible until a manual
- reset is operated.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB5\fR \fBMonitoring equipment self diagnostics\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 5.1
- As an option, an internal self diagnostic system to check for correct functioning
- of the instrument, shall be provided.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB6\fR \fBInterface for remote control and measurement results\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 6.1
- As an option, an interface shall be provided for remote control of
- the frame signal monitoring equipment, and transmission of measurement
- results. If provided, the interface bus shall comply with one of the following:
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- a)
- ANSI/IEEE Std 488\(hy1978 [8]
- .LP
- b)
- IEC Publication 625 [9]
- .LP
- c)
- ANSI/EIA\(hy232\(hyD\(hy1986 [10].
- .bp
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB7\fR \fBOperating environment\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- The electrical performance requirements shall be met when operating under
- climatic conditions as specified in Recommendation\ O.3, \(sc\ 2.1.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fBReferences\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .LP
- [1]
- CCITT Recommendation \fISynchronous frame structures used at primary
- and\fR \fIsecondary hierarchical levels\fR , Vol.\ III, Rec.\ G.704.
- .LP
- [2]
- CCITT Recommendation \fIPhysical/electrical characteristics of\fR
- \fIhierarchical digital interfaces\fR , Vol.\ III, Rec.\ G.703.
- .LP
- [3]
- CCITT Recommendation \fIDigital protected monitor points\fR , Vol.\ III,
- Rec.\ G.772.
- .LP
- [4]
- CCITT Recommendation \fIThe control of jitter and wander within digital\fR
- \fInetworks which are based on the 1544\ kbit/s hierarchy\fR , Vol.\ III,
- Rec.\ G.824.
- .LP
- [5]
- CCITT Recommendation \fIFrame alignment and cyclic redundancy check\fR
- \fI(RCR) procedures relating to basic frame structures defined in\fR
- \fIRecommendation G.704\fR , Vol.\ III, Rec.\ G.706.
- .LP
- [6]
- CCITT Recommendation \fICharacteristics of primary PCM multiplex\fR
- \fIequipment operating at 1544\ kbit/s\fR , Vol.\ III, Rec.\ G.733.
- .LP
- [7]
- CCITT Recommendation \fIError performance of an international digital\fR
- \fIconnection forming part of an integrated service digital network\fR
- , Vol.\ III, Rec.\ G.821.
- .LP
- [8]
- ANSI/IEEE Std 488\(hy1978, \fIIEEE standard digital interface for\fR
- \fIprogrammable instrumentation\fR .
- .LP
- [9]
- IEC Publication 625 \fIAn interface system for programmable measuring\fR
- \fIinstruments (byte serial, bit parallel)\fR .
- .LP
- [10]
- ANSI/EIA\(hy232\(hyD\(hy1986 \fIInterface between data terminal equipment\fR
- \fIand data circuit terminating equipment employing serial binary data\fR
- \fIinterexchange\fR .
- \v'2P'
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fBRecommendation\ O.171\fR
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fBTIMING JITTER MEASURING EQUIPMENT FOR DIGITAL SYSTEMS\fR
- .FS
- See the
- Supplement\ No.\ 3.8 at the end of this fascicle.
- .FE
- .EF '% Fascicle\ IV.4\ \(em\ Rec.\ O.171''
- .OF '''Fascicle\ IV.4\ \(em\ Rec.\ O.171 %'
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fI(Geneva, 1980; amended Malaga\(hyTorremolinos, 1984 and Melbourne, 1988)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB1\fR \fBIntroduction\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 1.1
- \fIGeneral\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 1.1.1
- The instrumentation specified below will be used to measure timing jitter
- on digital equipment. This instrumentation, which consists of a jitter
- measuring circuit and a test signal source, is shown in a general form
- in
- Figure\ 1/O.171. While essential requirements are given for the instrumentation,
- the realization of the equipment configuration is not covered and should
- be
- given careful consideration by the designer and user. An error\(hyratio
- meter may also be required for certain types of measurements.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- .sp 2
- .bp
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 23P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 1/O.171, p. \fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .PP
- 1.1.2
- Certain requirements in this specification are provisional and
- are still under study. These are individually indicated.
- .PP
- 1.1.3
- It is recommended that Recommendation G.823 [2] be read in
- conjunction with this Recommendation.
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 1.2
- \fIInterfaces\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 1.2.1
- The instrumentation shall be capable of operating at one or
- more of the following bit rates and corresponding interface characteristics
- as described in the appropriate paragraphs of Recommendation\ G.703\ [1].
- However, for all bit rates the signal applied to the input of the jitter
- measuring
- circuit should be a nominal rectangular pulse. Other signal shapes may
- produce intersymbol interference thus affecting measurement accuracy.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- a)
- \ \ 64 kbits,
- .FS
- References to 64\ kbit/s relate to the
- codirectional interface. Limits for other 64\ kbit/s interfaces are under
- study.
- .FE
- .LP
- b)
- 1544 kbit/s,
- .LP
- c)
- 6312 kbit/s,
- .LP
- d)
- 2048 kbit/s,
- .LP
- e)
- 8448 kbit/s,
- .LP
- f
- )
- 32 | 64 kbit/s,
- .LP
- g)
- 44 | 36 kbit/s,
- .LP
- h)
- 34 | 68 kbit/s,
- .LP
- i)
- 139 | 64 kbit/s.
- .PP
- 1.2.2
- As an option the jitter measuring circuit shall be capable of
- measuring jitter at a clock output port when such an access is provided on
- digital equipment.
- .bp
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 1.3
- \fIInterface impedances\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 1.3.1
- The jitter measuring circuit and signal source shall have a
- return loss better than 20\ dB
- .FS
- In the case of 1544\ kbit/s, the signal source shall have the following
- return loss: 20\ kHz to 500\ kHz \(>=" 14\ dB and 500\ kHz to 1.6\ MHz
- \(>= 16\ dB.
- .FE
- under the conditions listed in Table\ 1/O.171.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .ce
- \fBH.T. [T1.171]\fR
- .ce
- TABLE\ 1/O.171
- .ce
- \fBReturn loss test conditions\fR
- .ps 9
- .vs 11
- .nr VS 11
- .nr PS 9
- .TS
- center box;
- cw(48p) | cw(120p) .
- Bit rate (kbit/s) Test conditions
- _
- .T&
- cw(48p) | lw(72p) | lw(48p) .
- \ \ \ | 64 120 ohms, nonreactive 3 kHz to 300 KHz
- _
- .T&
- cw(48p) | lw(72p) | lw(48p) .
- \ \ 1 | 44 100 ohms, nonreactive 20 kHz to 1.6 MHz
- _
- .T&
- cw(48p) | lw(72p) | lw(48p) .
- \ \ 2 | 48 75/120/130 ohms, nonreactive 40 kHz to 2.5 MHz
- _
- .T&
- cw(48p) | lw(72p) | lw(48p) .
- \ \ 6 | 12 75/110 ohms, nonreactive 100 kHz to 6.5 MHz
- _
- .T&
- cw(48p) | lw(72p) | lw(48p) .
- \ \ 8 | 48 75 ohms, nonreactive 100 kHz to 10 MHz
- _
- .T&
- cw(48p) | lw(72p) | lw(48p) .
- \ 32 | 64 75 ohms, nonreactive 500 kHz to 40 MHz
- _
- .T&
- cw(48p) | lw(72p) | lw(48p) .
- \ 34 | 68 75 ohms, nonreactive 500 kHz to 40 MHz
- _
- .T&
- cw(48p) | lw(72p) | lw(48p) .
- \ 44 | 36 75 ohms, nonreactive 500 kHz to 50 MHz
- _
- .T&
- cw(48p) | lw(72p) | lw(48p) .
- 139 | 64 75 ohms, nonreactive 7 kHz to 210 MHz
- _
- .TE
- .nr PS 9
- .RT
- .ad r
- \fBTable 1/O.171 [T1.171], p. \fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .sp 3
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB2\fR \fBTest signal source\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- Tests of digital equipment may be made with either a jittered or a non\(hyjittered
- digital signal. This will require the pattern generator, clock
- generator and modulation source shown in Figure\ 1/O.171.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.1
- \fIModulation source\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The modulation source, testing in conformance with the Series\ G.700 Recommendations,
- may be provided within the clock generator and/or pattern
- generator or it may be provided separately. In this Recommendation it is
- assumed that the modulation source is sinusoidal.
- .bp
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 2.2
- \fIClock generator\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 2.2.1
- It shall be possible to phase modulate the clock generator from the modulation
- source and to indicate the
- peak\(hyto\(hypeak phase deviation
- of the modulated signal.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The generated peak\(hyto\(hypeak jitter and the modulating frequencies
- shall meet the requirements of
- Figure\ 2/O.171 and Table\ 2/O.171.
- .PP
- 2.2.2
- The modulating input sensitivity of the clock generator shall be at least:
- .LP
- a)
- 2 volts peak\(hyto\(hypeak into 600 ohms for bit rates up to and
- including 8448\ kbit/s,
- .LP
- b)
- 1 volt peak\(hyto\(hypeak into 75 ohms for bit rates up to and
- including 139 | 64\ kbit/s.
- .PP
- 2.2.3
- The minimum output of the modulated clock signal and the
- external timing reference signal shall be 1\ volt peak\(hyto\(hypeak into
- 75\ ohms.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.2.4
- \fIAccuracy of the clock generator\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Accuracy requirements are still under study.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.3
- \fIPattern generator\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The jitter measuring circuit will normally be used with any
- suitable pattern generator providing the following facilities.
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ When test signals are applied to the input of a digital
- demultiplexer, they must contain the frame alignment signal and justitication
- control bits. Other measurement techniques are available which do not require
- the addition of the frame alignment signal or justification control bits.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.3.1
- \fIPatterns\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The pattern generator shall be capable of providing the following patterns:
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ Longer pseudorandom patterns may be necessary for jitter
- measurements on digital line systems and digital line sections\ [1].
- .RT
- .PP
- 2.3.1.1
- For use at bit rates of 64 kbit/s, a
- pseudorandom
- pattern
- of 2\u1\d\u1\d\ \(em\ 1\ bit length corresponding to Recommendation\ O.152.
- Encoding in accordance with Recommendation\ G.703\ [1], \(sc\ 1.2.1.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 2.3.1.2
- For use at bit rates of 1544\ kbit/s 6312\ kbit/s and
- 44\ 736\ kbit/s, pseudorandom patterns of 2\u1\d\u5\d\ \(em\ 1, 2\u2\d\u0\d\
- \(em\ 1,
- 2\u2\d\u3\d\ \(em\ 1 bit length corresponding to Recommendation\ O.151,
- \(sc\ 2.
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ Definition of the 2\u2\d\u0\d\ \(em\ 1 pseudorandom pattern
- is under study.
- .PP
- 2.3.1.3
- For use at bit rates of 2048 kbit/s, 8448 kbit/s and
- 32\ 064\ kbit/s, a pseudorandom pattern of 2\u1\d\u5\d\ \(em\ 1 length
- corresponding to Recommendation\ O.151, \(sc\ 2.1.
- .PP
- 2.3.1.4
- For use at bit rates of 34 | 68 kbit/s and 139 | 64 kbit/s, a
- pseudorandom pattern of 2\u2\d\u3\d\ \(em\ 1\ bit length corresponding to
- Recommendation\ O.151, \(sc\ 2.2.
- .PP
- 2.3.1.5
- For use at all bit rates, a 1000 1000 repetitive pattern.
- .PP
- 2.3.1.6
- As an option and for use at all bit rates:
- .LP
- a)
- two freely programmable 8\(hybit patterns capable of being
- alternated at a low rate (e.g.\ from 10\ Hz to 100\ Hz),
- .LP
- b)
- a freely programmable 16\(hybit pattern.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.3.2
- \fIGeneration errors\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The detailed specification of pattern generator parameters, to be compatible
- with the jitter measuring circuit specification, is under
- study.
- .bp
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 16P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 2/O.171 p. 12\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .ce
- \fBH.T. [T2.171]\fR
- .ce
- TABLE\ 2/O.171
- .ce
- \fBGenerated jitter amplitude versus jitter
- .ce
- frequency\fR
- .ps 9
- .vs 11
- .nr VS 11
- .nr PS 9
- .TS
- center box;
- cw(48p) | cw(72p) | cw(72p) .
- Bit rate (kbit/s) {
- A
- 1: Minimum value of generated jitter from \fIf\fR
- 0\fR
- to \fIf\fR
- 2
- } {
- A
- 2: Minimum value of generated jitter from \fIf\fR
- 3 to
- \fI\fIf\fR
- 4
- }
- _
- .T&
- cw(48p) | lw(72p) | lw(72p) .
- \ \ \ | 64 \ 5.0 UI from 2 Hz to 600 Hz 0.5 UI from 6 kHz to 10 kHz
- _
- .T&
- cw(48p) | lw(72p) | lw(72p) .
- \ \ 1 | 44 10.0 UI from 2 Hz to 200 Hz 0.5 UI from 4 kHz to 40 kHz
- _
- .T&
- cw(48p) | lw(72p) | lw(72p) .
- \ \ 2 | 48 10.0 UI from 2 Hz to 2400 Hz 0.5 UI from 45 kHz to 100 kHz
- _
- .T&
- cw(48p) | lw(72p) | lw(72p) .
- \ \ 6 | 12 10.0 UI from 2 Hz to 1600 Hz 0.5 UI from 32 kHz to 160 kHz
- _
- .T&
- cw(48p) | lw(72p) | lw(72p) .
- \ \ 8 | 48 10.0 UI from 2 Hz to 400 Hz {
- 0.5 UI from 8.5 kHz to 400 kHz
- }
- _
- .T&
- cw(48p) | lw(72p) | lw(72p) .
- \ 32 | 64 10.0 UI from 2 Hz to 1600 Hz 0.5 UI from 32 kHz to 800 kHz
- _
- .T&
- cw(48p) | lw(72p) | lw(72p) .
- \ 34 | 68 10.0 UI from 2 Hz to 1000 Hz 0.5 UI from 20 kHz to 800 kHz
- _
- .T&
- cw(48p) | lw(72p) | lw(72p) .
- \ 44 | 36 16.0 UI from 2 Hz to 3200 Hz {
- 0.5 UI from 100 kHz to 4500 kHz
- }
- _
- .T&
- cw(48p) | lw(72p) | lw(72p) .
- 139 | 64 10.0 UI from 2 Hz to 500 Hz {
- 0.5 UI from 10 kHz to 3500 kHz
- }
- _
- .T&
- cw(48p) | lw(72p) | lw(72p) .
- \ \ 8 | 48 (low Q) 10.0 UI from 2 Hz to 10.7 kHz {
- 0.5 UI from 200 kHz to 400 kHz
- }
- .TE
- .LP
- \fINote 1 to Figure 2/O.171 and Table 2/O.171\fR
- \ \(em\ Amplitude of jitter specified
- as peak\(hyto\(hypeak value in unit intervals (UI).
- .LP
- \fINote 2 to Figure 2/O.171 and Table 2/O.171\fR
- \ \(em\ \fIf\fR
- 1 lies between \fIf\fR
- 0
- and \fIf\fR
- 2 (see
- Figure\ 3/O.171 and Table\ 3/O.171). It is not defined here since it is not
- significant in the context of the requirements of the clock generator.
- .nr PS 9
- .RT
- .ad r
- \fBTableau 2/O.171 [T2.171], p. 13\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB3\fR \fBJitter measuring circuit\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.1
- \fIInput sensitivity\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The jitter measuring circuit is required to operate satisfactorily under
- the following input conditions:
- .RT
- .LP
- a)
- The specification for equipment output ports listed in
- Recommendation\ G.703\ [1].
- .LP
- b)
- The jitter measuring circuit shall also be capable of
- measuring at protected test points on digital equipment. Therefore, an
- additional gain of 30\ dB (40\ dB) shall be provided to compensate
- for the flat loss at the monitoring points already provided on
- some equipment.
- .LP
- \fINote\ 1\fR \ \(em\ As an option for instrumentation operating at an
- interface of 1544\ kbit/s the additional gain, where provided, shall be
- 40\ dB.
- .LP
- \fINote\ 2\fR \ \(em\ The influence of the additional gain of 40 dB
- and of frequency dependent cable loss on the measurement accuracy is
- under study.
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 3.2
- \fIMeasurement ranges\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 3.2.1
- The jitter measuring circuit shall be capable of measuring
- peak\(hyto\(hypeak jitter
- . The measurement ranges to be provided are to be
- optional but for reasons of compatibility the jitter amplitude/jitter frequency
- response of the jitter measuring circuit shall meet the requirements of
- Figure\ 3/O.171 and Table\ 3/O.171 where \fIf\fR\d1\uto \fIf\fR\d4\uare
- the frequencies defining the jitter frequencies to be measured.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- 3.2.2
- When measuring peak\(hyto\(hypeak jitter it shall also be possible
- to count the number of occasions and the period of time for which a given
- selectable threshold of jitter is exceeded. It shall be possible to record
- these events by means of an external counter, or an internal counter as an
- option.
- .PP
- 3.2.3
- It shall be possible to set the threshold of \(sc\ 3.2.2 at any
- selected measurement value within the measuring range of the jitter measuring
- circuit.
- .PP
- 3.2.4
- As an option, the jitter measuring circuit shall be capable of
- measuring r.m.s. jitter. In such cases it shall be possible to measure 3.0
- unit intervals (UI) at jitter frequencies up to \fIf\fR\d2\u, and 0.15\
- UI at jitter frequencies from \fIf\fR\d3\uto \fIf\fR\d4\uof Figure\ 3/O.171
- and Table\ 3/O.171, the measurement ranges being optional.
- .PP
- 3.2.5
- Where the option in \(sc 3.2.4 is not provided, the analogue output can
- be used to make r.m.s. measurements with an external meter.
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 20P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 3/O.171, p. \fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .ce
- \fBH.T. [T3.171]\fR
- .ce
- TABLE\ 3/O.171
- .ce
- \fBMeasured jitter amplitude versus jitter frequency\fR
- .ps 9
- .vs 11
- .nr VS 11
- .nr PS 9
- .TS
- center box;
- cw(48p) | cw(72p) | cw(72p) .
- Bit rate (kbit/s) {
- A
- 1: Maximum value of jitter to be measured from \fIf\fR
- 1 to \fIf\fR
- 2
- } {
- A
- 2: Maximum value of jitter to be measured from \fIf\fR
- 3 to
- \fIf\fR
- 4
- }
- _
- .T&
- cw(48p) | lw(72p) | lw(72p) .
- \ \ \ | 64 \ 5.0 UI from 20 Hz to 600 Hz 0.5 UI from 6 kHz to 10 kHz
- _
- .T&
- cw(48p) | lw(72p) | lw(72p) .
- \ \ 1 | 44 10.0 UI from 10 Hz to 200 Hz 0.3 UI from 7 kHz to 40 kHz
- _
- .T&
- cw(48p) | lw(72p) | lw(72p) .
- \ \ 2 | 48 10.0 UI from 20 Hz to 2400 Hz 0.5 UI from 45 kHz to 100 kHz
- _
- .T&
- cw(48p) | lw(72p) | lw(72p) .
- \ \ 6 | 12 10.0 UI from 10 Hz to 1600 Hz 0.5 UI from 32 kHz to 160 kHz
- _
- .T&
- cw(48p) | lw(72p) | lw(72p) .
- \ \ 8 | 48 10.0 UI from 20 Hz to 400 Hz {
- 0.5 UI from 8.5 kHz to 400 kHz
- }
- _
- .T&
- cw(48p) | lw(72p) | lw(72p) .
- \ 32 | 64 10.0 UI from 60 Hz to 1600 Hz 0.5 UI from 32 kHz to 800 kHz
- _
- .T&
- cw(48p) | lw(72p) | lw(72p) .
- \ 34 | 68 {
- 10.0 UI from 100 Hz to 1000 Hz
- } 0.5 UI from 20 kHz to 800 kHz
- _
- .T&
- cw(48p) | lw(72p) | lw(72p) .
- \ 44 | 36 16.0 UI from 10 Hz to 3200 Hz {
- 0.5 UI from 100 kHz to 4500 kHz
- }
- _
- .T&
- cw(48p) | lw(72p) | lw(72p) .
- 139 | 64 10.0 UI from 200 Hz to 500 Hz {
- 0.5 UI from 10 kHz to 3500 kHz
- }
- _
- .T&
- cw(48p) | lw(72p) | lw(72p) .
- \ \ 8 | 48 (low Q) {
- 10.0 UI from 20 Hz to 10.7 kHz
- } 0.5 UI from 200 kHz to 400 kHz
- .TE
- .LP
- \fINote to Figure 3/O.171 and Table 3/O.171\fR
- \ \(em\ Amplitude of jitter specified
- as peak\(hyto\(hypeak value in unit intervals (UI).
- .nr PS 9
- .RT
- .ad r
- \fBTable 3/O.171 [T3.171], p. \fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .sp 1
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 3.3
- \fIMeasurement bandwidths\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- 3.3.1
- The basic jitter measuring circuit shall contain filters to limit the band
- of the jitter frequencies to be measured at the various bit
- rates. Additional filters shall be provided to further limit the bandwidth
- for the measurement of specified jitter spectra as defined in the Series\
- G.700
- Recommendations and for other uses. These additional filters may be either
- internal or external to the jitter measuring circuit. The filters are to be
- connected between the phase detector and the measuring device. The bandwidth
- of the jitter measuring circuit and the filters shall be in accordance
- with
- Table\ 4/O.171.
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.3.2
- \fIFrequency response of jitter measuring circuit and filters\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The response of all filters within the passband shall be such that the
- accuracy requirements of the jitter measuring circuit are met.
- .PP
- At frequencies below the lower 3\(hydB point, the attenuation of the
- highpass filtration shall rise with a value greater than, or equal to, 20\ dB
- per decade.
- .PP
- At frequencies above the upper 3\(hydB point the attenuation of the
- lowpass filtration shall rise with a value greater than, or equal to, 60\ dB
- per decade.
- .PP
- However, the maximum attenuation of the filters shall be at least
- 60\ dB.
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ The effect of nonsinusoidal jitter on the requirements for
- the filters is still under study.
- .bp
- .RT
- .ce
- \fBH.T. [T4.171]\fR
- .ce
- TABLE\ 4/O.171
- .ce
- \fBJitter measurement bandwidths and highpass filter cutoff\fR
- .ce
-
- .ce
- \fBfrequencies\fR
- .ps 9
- .vs 11
- .nr VS 11
- .nr PS 9
- .TS
- center box;
- cw(36p) | cw(34p) sw(34p) sw(28p) sw(34p) | cw(34p) sw(28p) , ^ | c | c | c | c | c | c.
- Bit rate (kbit/s) Jitter measurement bandwidth {
- Point \*`a 3 dB des filtres suppl\*'ementaires
- }
- {
- \fIf\fR
- 0
- (lower 3 dB
- point)
- (Hz)
- } \fIf\fR 1 (Hz) \fIf\fR 4 (kHz) {
- \fIf\fR
- 5
- (upper 3 dB
- point)
- (kHz)
- } Highpass filter No.\ 1 Highpass filter No.\ 2
- _
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(34p) | cw(34p) | cw(28p) | cw(34p) | cw(34p) | cw(28p) .
- \ \ \ | 64 2 \ 20 \ \ 10 \(= \ \ 20 \ 20 Hz \ \ 3 kHz
- _
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(34p) | cw(34p) | cw(28p) | cw(34p) | cw(34p) | cw(28p) .
- \ \ 1 | 44 2 \ 10 \ \ 40 \(= \ \ 80 \ 10 Hz \ \ 8 kHz
- _
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(34p) | cw(34p) | cw(28p) | cw(34p) | cw(34p) | cw(28p) .
- \ \ 2 | 48 2 \ 20 \ 100 \(= \ 200 \ 20 Hz 700 Hz \ 18 kHz
- _
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(34p) | cw(34p) | cw(28p) | cw(34p) | cw(34p) | cw(28p) .
- \ \ 6 | 12 2 \ 10 \ 160 \(= \ 320 \ 10 Hz \ 60 Hz \ 24 kHz \ 32 kHz
- _
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(34p) | cw(34p) | cw(28p) | cw(34p) | cw(34p) | cw(28p) .
- \ \ 8 | 48 2 \ 20 \ 400 \(= \ 800 \ 20 Hz \ \ 3 kHz \ 80 kHz
- _
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(34p) | cw(34p) | cw(28p) | cw(34p) | cw(34p) | cw(28p) .
- \ 32 | 64 2 \ 60 \ 800 \(= 1600 \ 60 Hz 160 kHz
- _
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(34p) | cw(34p) | cw(28p) | cw(34p) | cw(34p) | cw(28p) .
- \ 34 | 68 2 100 \ 800 \(= 1600 100 Hz \ 10 kHz
- _
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(34p) | cw(34p) | cw(28p) | cw(34p) | cw(34p) | cw(28p) .
- \ 44 | 36 2 \ 10 4500 \(= 9000 \ 10 Hz 900 kHz
- _
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(34p) | cw(34p) | cw(28p) | cw(34p) | cw(34p) | cw(28p) .
- 139 | 64 2 200 3500 \(= 7000 200 Hz \ 10 kHz
- .TE
- .LP
- \fINote\ 1\fR
- \ \(em\ The accuracy of the instrument is specified between frequencies
- \fIf\fR
- 1 and \fIf\fR
- 4.
- .LP
- \fINote\ 2\fR
- \ \(emTwo values are specified for highpass filter No.\ 1 at
- 6312\ kbit/s and highpass filter No.\ 2 at 2048\ kbit/s,
- 6312\ kbit/s and 8448\ kbit/s.
- .nr PS 9
- .RT
- .ad r
- \fBTable 4/O.171 [T4.171], p. \fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- .sp 4
- 3.4
- \fIMeasurement accuracy\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.4.1
- \fIGeneral\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The measuring accuracy of the jitter measuring circuit is dependent upon
- several factors such as fixed intrinsic error, frequency response and
- pattern\(hydepending error of the internal reference timing circuits. In
- addition there is an error which is a function of the actual reading.
- .PP
- The total error at 1\(hykHz jitter frequency (excluding the error due to
- frequency response) shall be less than
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \(+- | % of reading \(+- | \ \(+-\ Y
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- where X is the fixed error of Table\ 5/O.171 and Y an error of 0.01\ UI p\(hyp
- (0.002\ UI | dr\\d.\\dm\\d.\\ds\\d.\u) which applies if internal timing
- extraction is used.
- .bp
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.4.2
- \fIFixed error\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- For the system bit rates and for the indicated test sequences the fixed
- error of the jitter measuring circuit shall be as listed in Table\ 5/O.171
- when measured at any jitter frequency between \fIf\fR\d1\uand \fIf\fR\d4\uof
- Figure\ 3/O.171.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.4.3
- \fIError at other frequencies\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- At jitter frequencies between \fIf\fR\d1\uand \fIf\fR\d4\uother than 1
- kHz, the error additional to that defined in \(sc\ 3.4.1 above shall be
- as listed in
- Table\ 6/O.171.
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ The limits of measuring accuracy of the jitter measuring
- circuit given in \(sc\ 3.4 are provisional and are still under study.
- .RT
- .LP
- .sp 4
- .ce
- \fBH.T. [T5.171]\fR
- .ce
- TABLE\ 5/O.171
- .ce
- \fBFixed error in jitter measurements\fR
- .ps 9
- .vs 11
- .nr VS 11
- .nr PS 9
- .TS
- center box;
- cw(36p) | cw(34p) sw(34p) sw(28p) sw(34p) sw(34p) sw(28p) , ^ | c s | c | c s
- ^ | c | c | c | c | c | c.
- Bit rate (kbit/s) {
- Jitter in UI for given patterns
- }
- 1000 1000 Pseudorandom | ua\d\u)\d All ones or clock input p\(hyp r.m.s. p\(hyp r.m.s. p\(hyp r.m.s.
- _
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(34p) | cw(34p) | cw(28p) | cw(34p) | cw(34p) | cw(28p) .
- \ \ \ | 64 \fB<\fR 0.005 \fB<\fR 0.002 \fB<\fR 0.025 \fB<\fR 0.004 \fB<\fR 0.004 \fB<\fR 0.001
- _
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(34p) | cw(34p) | cw(28p) | cw(34p) | cw(34p) | cw(28p) .
- \ \ 1 | 44 < 0.005 < 0.002 < 0.025 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.001
- _
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(34p) | cw(34p) | cw(28p) | cw(34p) | cw(34p) | cw(28p) .
- \ \ 2 | 48 < 0.005 < 0.002 < 0.025 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.001
- _
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(34p) | cw(34p) | cw(28p) | cw(34p) | cw(34p) | cw(28p) .
- \ \ 6 | 12 < 0.005 < 0.002 < 0.025 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.001
- _
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(34p) | cw(34p) | cw(28p) | cw(34p) | cw(34p) | cw(28p) .
- \ \ 8 | 48 < 0.005 < 0.002 < 0.025 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.001
- _
- .TE
- .nr PS 9
- .RT
- .ad r
- \fBTableau\ 5/O.171 [T5.171], p. 17\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 6P
- .ad r
- BLANC
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .ce
- \fBH.T. [T6.171]\fR
- .ce
- TABLE\ 6/O.171
- .ce
- \fBFrequency response error\fR
- .ps 9
- .vs 11
- .nr VS 11
- .nr PS 9
- .TS
- center box;
- cw(36p) | cw(36p) sw(36p) | cw(72p) , ^ | c | c | ^ .
- Bit rate (kbit/s) Measurement bandwidth {
- Additional error referring to error
- at 1\ kHz
- }
- \fIf\fR 1 (Hz) \fIf\fR 4 (kHz)
- _
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(36p) | cw(36p) | lw(72p) .
- \ \ \ | 64 \ 20 \ \ 10 {
- \(+- | % 20 Hz to 600 Hz
- \(+- | % 600 Hz to 10 kHz
- }
- _
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(36p) | cw(36p) | lw(72p) .
- \ \ 1 | 44 \ 10 \ \ 40 {
- \(+- | % \fIf\fR
- 1 to 1 kHz; \(+- 2% to \fIf\fR
- 4
- }
- _
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(36p) | cw(36p) | lw(72p) .
- \ \ 2 | 48 \ 20 \ 100 {
- \(+- | % \fIf\fR
- 1 to \fIf\fR
- 4
- }
- _
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(36p) | cw(36p) | lw(72p) .
- \ \ 6 | 12 \ 10 \ 160 {
- \(+- | % \fIf\fR
- 1 to 1 kHz; \(+- 2% to \fIf\fR
- 4
- }
- _
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(36p) | cw(36p) | lw(72p) .
- \ \ 8 | 48 \ 20 \ 400 {
- \(+- 2% \fIf\fR
- 1 to 300 kHz
- \(+- 3% 300 Hz to \fIf\fR
- 4
- }
- _
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(36p) | cw(36p) | lw(72p) .
- \ 32 | 64\fR \ 60\fR \ \ 800\fR \(+- 2% 60 Hz to 300 kHz
- _
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(36p) | cw(36p) | lw(72p) .
- \ 34 | 68 100 \ 800 {
- \(+- 3% 300 kHz to \fIf\fR
- 4
- }
- _
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(36p) | cw(36p) | lw(72p) , c | c | c | ^ .
- \ 44 | 36 \ 10 4500 {
- \(+- 4% 10 Hz to 200 Hz
- \(+- 2% 200 Hz to 300 kHz
- \(+- 3% 300 kHz to 1 MHz
- \(+- 5% 1 MHz to 3 MHz
- \(+- 10% > 3 MHz
- }
- 139 | 64 200 3500
- _
- .TE
- .nr PS 9
- .RT
- .ad r
- \fBTableau\ 6/O.171 [T6.171], p. 18\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .sp 2
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 3.5
- \fIAdditional facilities\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.5.1
- \fIAnalogue output\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The jitter measuring circuit shall provide an
- analogue output signal to enable measurements to be made externally to the
- jitter measuring circuit.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.5.2
- \fIReference timing signal\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- A reference timing signal for the phase detector is required. For end\(hyto\(hyend
- measurements it may be derived in the jitter measuring circuit from any
- input pattern. For loop\(hymeasurements it may be derived from a suitable
- clock source.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB4\fR \fBOperating environment\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- The electrical performance requirements shall be met when operating at
- the climatic conditions as specified in Recommendation\ O.3, \(sc\ 2.1.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fBReferences\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .LP
- [1]
- CCITT Recommendation \fIPhysical/electrical characteristics of\fR
- \fIhierarchical digital interfaces\fR , Vol.\ III, Rec.\ G.703.
- .LP
- [2]
- CCITT Recommendation \fIThe control of jitter and wander within\fR
- \fIdigital networks which are based on the 2048\ kbit/s hierarchy\fR ,
- Vol.\ III, Rec.\ G.823.
- .LP
- .bp
-