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- .rs
- .\" Troff code generated by TPS Convert from ITU Original Files
- .\" Not Copyright ( c) 1991
- .\"
- .\" Assumes tbl, eqn, MS macros, and lots of luck.
- .TA 1c 2c 3c 4c 5c 6c 7c 8c
- .ds CH
- .ds CF
- .EQ
- delim @@
- .EN
- .nr LL 40.5P
- .nr ll 40.5P
- .nr HM 3P
- .nr FM 6P
- .nr PO 4P
- .nr PD 9p
- .po 4P
-
- .rs
- \v | 5i'
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fBRecommendation\ M.60\fR
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fBMAINTENANCE TERMINOLOGY AND DEFINITIONS\fR
- .EF '% Fascicle\ IV.1\ \(em\ Rec.\ M.60''
- .OF '''Fascicle\ IV.1\ \(em\ Rec.\ M.60 %'
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fBIntroduction\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- This Recommendation consists primarily of those terms and
- definitions that are considered essential to the understanding of the
- maintenance of services and networks. Reference is provided to relevant
- Recommendations from which these terms are derived.
- .PP
- The terms and definitions are given with a section number. Annex\ A
- presents the list of terms in alphabetical order with the section number.
- .PP
- For additional definitions concerning transmission systems, see
- Recommendation\ M.300; for additional definitions concerning maritime systems,
- see Recommendation\ M.1100; and for additional definitions concerning
- international sound\(hyprogramme transmission, see Recommendation\ N.1, N.51
- and\ N.81. Also, complementary definitions concerning transmission restoration
- can be found in Recommendation\ M.495.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB1\fR \fBalarm indication signal (AIS)\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ signal d'indication d'alarme (SIA)\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ se\o"n~"al de indicaci\*'on de alarma (SIA)\fR
- .PP
- An alarm indication signal is a signal associated with a prompt
- maintenance alarm of a defective maintenance entity and is, when possible,
- transmitted in the direction affected (downstream direction) as a substitute
- for the normal signal, indicating to other non\(hyeffective entities that a
- failure has been identified and that other maintenace alarms consequent
- to this failure should be inhibited.
- (Rec.\ M.20)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB2\fR \fBanomaly\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ anomalie\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ anomal\*'ia\fR
- .PP
- An anomaly is a discrepancy between the actual and desired
- characteristic of an item.
- .PP
- The desired characteristic may be expressed in the form of a
- specification.
- .PP
- An anomaly may or may not affect the ability of an item to perform a required
- function.
- (Rec.\ M.20)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB3\fR \fBautomatic switching equipment\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ \*'equipement de commutation automatique\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ equipo de conmutaci\*'on autom\*'atica\fR
- .PP
- That part of an international exchange concerned with switching
- operations for routing the call in the desired direction.
- (Rec.\ M.700,
- \fIRed\ Book\fR )
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB4\fR \fBavailability (performance)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ disponibilit\*'e\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ disponibilidad\fR
- .PP
- The availability of an item to be in the state to perform a
- required function at a given instant of time or at any instant of time
- within a given time interval, assuming that the external resources, if
- required, are
- provided.
- .PP
- \fINote\ 1\fR \ \(em\ This ability depends on the combined aspects of the
- reliability performance, the maintainability performance and the maintenance
- support performance of an item.
- .PP
- \fINote\ 2\fR \ \(em\ In the definition of the item the external resources
- required must be delineated.
- .PP
- \fINote\ 3\fR \ \(em\ The term availability is used as an availability
- performance measure.
- (Supplement\ No\ 6, Fascicle\ II.3)
- .bp
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB5\fR \fBbit error ratio (BER)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ taux d'erreur sur les bits (TEB)\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ tasa de errores en los bits; tasa de error en los\fR \fIbits (TEB)\fR
- .PP
- The ratio of the number of bit errors to the total number of bits transmitted
- in a given time interval.
- (Rec.\ E.800)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB6\fR \fBbridging loss\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ affaiblissement d\* | \*`a la d\*'erivation\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ p\*'erdida por derivaci\*'on\fR
- .PP
- A term frequently used when a measuring instrument is connected
- (bridged) across a transmission path or telephone channel. The bridging
- loss is the resulting reduction in the signal level, and is usually expressed
- in
- dBs.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB7\fR \fBchannel; access channel\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ canal d'acc\*`es [canal]\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ canal de acceso [canal]\fR
- .PP
- A designated part, having specified characteristics, of the
- information transfer capability at the user\(hynetwork interface.
- .PP
- \fINote\ 1\fR \ \(em\ The information transfer may be, and usually is,
- bi\(hydirectional.
- .PP
- \fINote\ 2\fR \ \(em\ See also the definition for transmission
- channel.
- (Rec.\ I.112)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB8\fR \fBchannel; transmission channel\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ voie de transmission\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ canal; canal de transmisi\*'on\fR
- .PP
- See Recommendation M.300 for the definition of analogue channel, digital
- channel and mixed analogue digital channel.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB9\fR \fBcircuit; telecommunication circuit\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ circuit; circuit de t\*'el\*'ecommunications\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ circuito; circuito de telecomunicaci\*'on\fR
- .PP
- A combination of two transmission channels permitting
- bidirectional communication between two points, to support a single call.
- .PP
- \fINote\ 1\fR \ \(em\ If the telecommunication is by nature unilateral, for
- example: long distance television transmission, the term \*Qcircuit\*U
- is sometimes used to designate the single channel providing the facility.
- .PP
- \fINote\ 2\fR \ \(em\ In telephony, use of the term \*Qcircuit\*U is generally
- limited to a telecommunication circuit with associated terminating equipment
- directly connecting two switching devices or exchanges.
- .PP
- \fINote\ 3\fR \ \(em\ A telecommunication circuit does not necessarily permit
- simultaneous transmission in both directions.
- .PP
- \fINote\ 4\fR \ \(em\ The \*Qgo\*U and \*Qreturn\*U channels may be permanently
- associated together or may be selected from separate sets of associations
- together throughout the call.
- .PP
- \fINote\ 5\fR \ \(em\ The term circuit may be preceded by other qualifiers
- than telecommunication\ e.g. telephone, digital, etc.
- (Rec.\ Q.9)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB10\fR \fBcircuit; digital circuit\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ circuit num\*'erique\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ circuito; circuito digital\fR
- .PP
- A circuit which transmits information signals in digital form
- between two exchanges. It includes termination equipment but not switching
- stages.
- (Rec.\ Q.9)
- .bp
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB11\fR \fBcircuit access points\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ points d'acc\*`es au circuit\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ puntos de acceso al circuito\fR
- .PP
- Four\(hywire access points so located that as much as possible of the international
- circuit is included between corresponding pairs of these access points
- at the two centres concerned. These points, and their relative level
- (with reference to the transmission reference point) are determined in each
- case by the Administration concerned. They are taken as the basic practical
- reference points of known relative level to which other transmission
- measurements will be related. In other words, for measurement and lining\(hyup
- purposes, the level at the appropriate circuit access point is the relative
- level with respect to which other levels are adjusted.
- (Rec.\ M.565)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB12\fR \fBcircuit control station\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ station directrice de circuit\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ estaci\*'on directora de circuito\fR
- .PP
- The circuit control station is the point within the general
- maintenance organization for the international automatic and semi\(hyautomatic
- telephone service that fulfils the control responsibilities for the automatic
- circuits assigned to it.
- (Rec.\ M.723)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB13\fR \fBcircuit sub\(hycontrol station\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ station sous\(hydirectrice de circuit\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ estaci\*'on subdirectora de circuito\fR
- .PP
- The circuit sub\(hycontrol station is a point within the general
- maintenance organization for the international automatic and semi\(hyautomatic
- telephone service that assists the circuit control station and fulfils the
- control responsibilities for a circuit section assigned to
- it.
- (Rec.\ M.724)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB14\fR \fBcode violation\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ violation du code\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ violaci\*'on de c\*'odigo\fR
- .PP
- Definition for code violation:
- .RT
- .LP
- a)
- AMI\ \(em\ Two consecutive marks of the same polarity. This may not be
- the absolute number of errors.
- .LP
- b)
- HDB3\ \(em\ Two consecutive bipolar violations of the same
- polarity. This may not be the absolute number of errors.
- .LP
- c)
- B6ZS\ \(em\ Two consecutive marks of the same polarity excluding violations
- caused by the zero substitution code. This may not be the absolute number
- of errors.
- .LP
- d)
- B8ZS\ \(em\ Two consecutive marks of the same polarity excluding violations
- caused by the zero substitution code. This may not be the absolute number
- of errors.
- (Rec.\ O.161)
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB15\fR \fBconnection\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ cha\* | ne de connexion\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ conexi\*'on\fR
- .PP
- An association of transmission channels or circuits, switching and other
- functional units set up to provide a means of transfer of information
- between two or more points in a telecommunication
- network.
- (Rec.\
- Q.9)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB16\fR \fBconnection; digital connection\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ connexion num\*'erique\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ conexi\*'on digital\fR
- .PP
- A concatenation of digital transmission channels or digital
- telecommunication circuits, switching and other functional units set up to
- provide for the transfer of digital signals between two or more points in a
- telecommunication network, to support a single
- communication.
- (Rec.\ G.701)
- .bp
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB17\fR \fBconnection; international connection\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ communication internationale\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ conexi\*'on internacional\fR
- .PP
- Whole of the means joining temporarily two subscribers and
- enabling them to exchange information.
- (Rec.\ M.700, \fIRed\ Book\fR )
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB18\fR \fBconnection; international telephone connection\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ communication t\*'el\*'ephonique internationale\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ conexi\*'on telef\*'onica internacional\fR
- .PP
- A complete international telephone connection has three parts, as shown
- in Figure\ 1/M.560:
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- an international chain
- .LP
- \(em
- two national systems, one on each
- end.
- (Rec.\ M.560)
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB19\fR \fBcontinuity check\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ contr\* | le de continuit\*'e\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ prueba de continuidad\fR
- .PP
- A check made to a circuit or circuits in a connection to verify
- that an acceptable path (for transmission of data, speech, etc.)
- exists.
- (Rec.\ Q.9)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB20\fR \fBcontinuous checking\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ contr\* | le continu\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ comprobaci\*'on continua\fR
- .PP
- At the time an item is active, it is being checked for good
- performance. If the item does not fulfill the test requirements, it is
- considered to have failed.
- (Rec.\ M.20)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB21\fR \fBcontrol station\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ station directrice\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ estaci\*'on directora\fR
- .PP
- A control station is that point within a general maintenance
- organization which fulfills the control responsibilities for the circuit,
- group, supergroup, digital section, etc., assigned to
- it.
- (Rec.\ M.80)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB22\fR \fBdata communication network\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ r\*'eseau de communication de donn\*'ees\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ red de comunicaci\*'on de datos\fR
- .PP
- A data network which is established and operated either by
- Administrations or by private organizations.
- (Rec.\ X.15 \fIRed\ Book\fR )
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB23\fR \fBdata communications network (DCN)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ r\*'eseau de communication de donn\*'ees (RCD)\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ red de comunicaci\*'on de datos (RCD)\fR
- .PP
- A DCN is a communications network within the TMN which supports
- the DCF at reference point q\d3\u.
- (Rec.\ M.30)
- .bp
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB24\fR \fBdata communications function (DCF) block\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ bloc de fonction de communication de donn\*'ees (FCD)\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ bloque de funciones de comunicaciones de datos (FCD)\fR
- .PP
- The DCF block provides the means for data communication to
- transport information related to telecommunications management between
- function blocks. Details of the DCF are given in\ \(sc\ 5.3 of
- Recommendation\ M.30.
- (Rec.\ M.30)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB25\fR \fBdead time\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ temps mort\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ tiempo muerto\fR
- .PP
- The dead time is defined for the purpose of Recommendations\ O.61 and\
- O.62 as the time after which the counter is ready to record another
- interruption following the end of the preceding
- interruption.
- (Rec.\ O.61)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB26\fR \fBdefect\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ faute (ou d\*'efaut)\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ defecto\fR
- .PP
- A defect is a limited interruption of the ability of an item to
- perform a required function. It may or may not lead to maintenance action
- depending on the results of additional analysis.
- (Rec.\ M.20)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB27\fR \fBdeferred maintenance alarm (DMA)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ alarme de maintenance diff\*'er\*'ee (AMD)\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ alarma de mantenimiento diferido (AMD)\fR
- .PP
- A deferred maintenance alarm is generated when immediate action is not
- required by maintenance personnel, e.g. when performance falls below
- standard but the effect does not warrant removal from service, or generally
- if automatic changeover to standby equipment has been used to restore
- service.
- (Rec.\ M.20)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB28\fR \fBdegraded minute (DM)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ minutes d\*'egrad\*'ees (MD)\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ minuto degradado (MD)\fR
- .PP
- A degraded minute is a group of 60 consecutive seconds, after
- excluding SES (severely errored seconds), with a BER (bit error ratio)
- of\ 10\uD\dlF261\u6\d or worse.
- .PP
- A pseudo\(hydegraded minute is a group of 60 consecutive seconds, after
- excluding SES, with at least N2 anomalies or at least one slip (when the
- anomaly is not a binary error). N2 is calculated similarly to N1, to detect
- a BER of 10\uD\dlF261\u6\d in one minute.
- (Rec.\ M.550)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB29\fR \fBecho\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ \*'echo\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ eco\fR
- .PP
- An electric, acoustic or electromagnetic wave which arrives at a given
- point, after reflection or indirect propagation, with sufficient
- magnitude and delay for it to be perceptible at the given point, as a wave
- distinct from that directly transmitted.
- (Rec.\ G.601)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB30\fR \fBecho canceller\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ annuleur d'\*'echo\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ compensador de eco; cancelador de eco\fR
- .PP
- A voice operated device placed in the 4\(hywire portion of a circuit and
- used for reducing near\(hyend echo present on the send path, by subtracting
- an estimation of that echo from the near\(hyend echo.
- (Rec.\ G.165)
- .bp
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB31\fR \fBecho suppressor\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ suppresseur d'\*'echo\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ supresor de eco\fR
- .PP
- A voice\(hyoperated device placed in the 4\(hywire portion of a circuit
- and used for inserting loss in the transmission path to suppress echo.
- The path in which the device operates may be an individual circuit path
- or a path
- carrying a multiplexed signal.
- (Rec.\ G.164)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB32\fR \fBerror\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ erreur\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ error\fR
- .PP
- An inconsistency between a digit in a transmitted digital signal and the
- corresponding digit in the received digital
- signal.
- (Rec.\ G.701)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB33\fR \fBerror; random error\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ erreur al\*'eatoire\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ error aleatorio\fR
- .PP
- Errors distributed over the digital signal so that they can be
- considered statistically independent from each other.
- (Rec.\ Q.9)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB34\fR \fBerror burst\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ paquet d'erreurs\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ r\*'afaga de errores\fR
- .PP
- A group of bits in which two successive erroneous bits are always separated
- by less than a given number (\fIx\fR ) of correct bits. The number (\fIx\fR
- ) should be specified when describing an error
- burst.
- (Rec.\ Q.9)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB35\fR \fBerror free seconds (EFS)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ secondes sans erreur (SSE)\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ segundos sin error (SSE)\fR
- .PP
- The ratio of the number of one\(hysecond intervals during which no
- bits are received in error to the total number of one\(hysecond intervals
- in the time interval.
- .PP
- \fINote\ 1\fR \ \(em\ The length of the time interval needs to be specified.
- .PP
- \fINote\ 2\fR \ \(em\ This ratio is usually expressed as a
- percentage.
- (Rec.\ E.800)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB36\fR \fBerrored seconds\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ secondes erron\*'ees (SE)\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ segundos con error (SE)\fR
- .PP
- An errored second is a second with at least one anomaly or
- defect.
- (Rec.\ M.550)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB37\fR \fBexchange\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ commutateur [central]\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ central\fR
- .PP
- An aggregate of traffic carrying devices, switching stages,
- controlling and signalling means, and other functional units at a network
- node that enables subscriber lines, telecommunication circuits and/or other
- functional units to be interconnected as required by individual
- users.
- (Rec.\ I.112)
- .bp
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB38\fR \fBfailure\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ d\*'efaillance\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ fallo\fR
- .PP
- The termination of the ability of an item to perform a required
- function.
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ After failure the item has a
- fault.
- (Supplement\ No\ 6, Fascicle\ II.3; Rec.\ M.20)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB39\fR \fBfault\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ panne; d\*'erangement\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ aver\*'ia\fR
- .PP
- The inability of an item to perform a required function, excluding that
- inability due to preventive maintenance, lack of external resources or
- planned actions.
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ A fault is often the result of a failure of the item
- itself, but may exist without prior failure.
- (Supplement\ No\ 6, Fascicle\ II.3;
- Rec.\ M.20)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB40\fR \fBfault; intermittent fault\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ panne intermittente\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ aver\*'ia intermitente\fR
- .PP
- A fault of an item which persists for a limited time duration
- following which the item recovers the ability to perform a required function
- without being subjected to any action of corrective maintenance.
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ Such a fault is often recurrent.
- (Supplement\ No\ 6,
- Fascicle\ II.3)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB41\fR \fBfault correction\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ correction (de panne)\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ correcci\*'on (de una aver\*'ia)\fR
- .PP
- Actions taken after a fault localization intended to restore the ability
- of the faulty item to perform a required
- function.
- (Supplement\ No\ 6, Fascicle\ II.3)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB42\fR \fBfault localization; localization of faults\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ localisation des d\*'erangements\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ localizaci\*'on (de una aver\*'ia)\fR
- .PP
- The broad localization of fault consists in finding the general
- part of the equipment in which it exists. Fault finding consists of determining
- the faulty item of the equipment.
- (Rec.\ M.700, \fIRed\ Book\fR )
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB43\fR \fBfault report point (circuit)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ service de signalisation des d\*'erangements sur les\fR \fIcircuits\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ punto de avisos de aver\*'ias en los circuitos\fR
- .PP
- The fault report point (circuit) is an element within the general maintenance
- organization for the international automatic and semi\(hyautomatic
- telephone service at each international centre or common for more than one
- international centre.
- .PP
- The fault report point (circuit) is equipped with all the necessary
- facilities and arranged in such a way that it may receive fault reports
- relating to one or more specifically identified circuits from different
- sources or make such fault reports to other points and initiate the fault
- localization and clearing operations.
- .PP
- The fault report point (circuit) will undertake its given
- responsibilities and functions for circuits provided by wholly analogue
- transmission and switching systems, and those provided by a mixture of
- analogue and digital systems.
- (Rec.\ M.715)
- .bp
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB44\fR \fBfault report point (network)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ service de signalisation des d\*'erangements dans\fR \fIle r\*'eseau\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ punto de avisos de aver\*'ias en la red\fR
- .PP
- The fault report point (network) is an element within the general maintenance
- organization for the international automatic and semi\(hyautomatic
- telephone service at each international centre or for more than one
- international centre. If more than one international centre is associated
- with a given relation, it is desirable to designate one fault report point
- (network) as the principle one for that relation. If such is not practical,
- one of the
- fault report points (network) or a central organization may be nominated to
- coordinate the activities of the various fault report points (network)
- that are involved.
- .PP
- Such arrangements provide the maintenance organization of other
- Administrations with a single point of contact for directing fault reports
- and service problems which involve more than one international centre.
- .PP
- While the fault report point (network) is essentially a maintenance
- element, it will in fact receive reports of network difficulties which may
- result in network management actions. In other cases, network fault reports
- may be explained by information already available to the network management
- (implementation and control point) and collected as a result of its network
- surveillance responsibility. Therefore, to avoid duplication of report
- points, considerable benefit is derived from close liaison between the
- fault report
- point (network) and the network management (implementation and control
- point). (See Recommendation\ E.413.)
- .PP
- The fault report point (network) is equipped with all the necessary
- facilities and arranged in such a way as to enable it:
- .RT
- .LP
- a)
- to receive from different sources, fault reports of
- difficulties on the international telephone network or of problems with the
- international telephone service that, at the time of reporting, cannot be
- related to specific circuits or, in some cases, even to a specific
- international centre; and
- .LP
- b)
- to make such fault reports to other points and initiate the fault location
- and clearing operations.
- (Rec.\ M.716)
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB45\fR \fBinterface\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ interface\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ interfaz\fR
- .PP
- The common boundary between two associated
- systems.
- (Rec.\ I.112)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB46\fR \fBinternational automatic circuit\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ circuit automatique international\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ circuito autom\*'atico internacional\fR
- .PP
- The whole of the international line and the outgoing and incoming equipment
- (or both\(hyway equipments) proper to the automatic circuit considered.
- The ends of this circuit are defined by the circuit access points (see
- definition for \fIcircuit access points\fR ).
- (Rec.\ M.700, \fIRed\ Book\fR )
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB47\fR \fBinternational chain\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ cha\* | ne internationale\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ cadena internacional\fR
- .PP
- An international chain is made up of one or more 4\(hywire
- international circuits. These are connected on a 4\(hywire basis to international
- circuits (in transit international centres) or to national systems (in
- terminal international centres). See Figure\ 1/M.560.
- (Rec.\ M.560)
- .bp
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB48\fR \fBinternational leased circuit\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ circuit international lou\*'e\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ circuit internacional arrendado\fR
- .PP
- The whole of the assembly of lines and apparatus connecting the
- renter's terminal equipment (e.g.\ data modem) in one country to the renter's
- terminal equipment in another. The interfaces between the circuit and the
- renter's terminal equipment will be defined by the respective Administrations.
- See Figure\ 2/M.1010.
- (Rec.\ M.1010)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB49\fR \fBinternational main section\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ section internationale principale\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ secci\*'on principal internacional\fR
- .PP
- The whole of the assembly of national and international group or supergroup
- sections, between the defined test access points at the two terminal international
- centres (see Recommendation\ M.460). These access points should be the
- same points as those for the ends of the national main sections involved
- in the leased link. See Figure\ 1/M.900.
- (Rec.\ M.900)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB50\fR \fBinterruption; break of service\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ interruption; coupure (d'un service)\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ interrupci\*'on (de un servicio); corte (de un servicio)\fR
- .PP
- Temporary inability of a service to be provided persisting for
- more than a given time duration, characterized by a change beyond given
- limits in at least one parameter essential for service.
- .PP
- \fINote\ 1\fR \ \(em\ An interruption of a service may be caused by disabled
- states of the items used for the service or by external reasons such as high
- service demands.
- .PP
- \fINote\ 2\fR \ \(em\ An interruption of a service is generally an interruption
- of the transmission, which may be characterized by an abnormal value of
- power level, signal distortion, error rate, etc.
- (Rec.\ E.800)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB51\fR \fBinterruption\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ interruption\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ interrupci\*'on\fR
- .PP
- For the purpose of Recommendation\ O.61, an interruption shall be regarded
- as a break in transmission or drop in the level of a test tone below a
- designated threshold.
- (Rec.\ O.61)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB52\fR \fBinterruption\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ interruption\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ interrupci\*'on\fR
- .PP
- For the purpose of Recommendation\ O.62, an interruption shall be regarded
- as a break in transmission or drop in the level of a\ 2\ kHz test tone
- below a designated threshold.
- (Rec.\ O.62)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB53\fR \fBline; international line\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ ligne internationale\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ l\*'inea internacional\fR
- .PP
- The transmission system contained between the line access points (see\
- \(sc\ 2 of Recommendation\ M.565) of the two terminal international centres.
- Where a digital international centre is interfaced by primary (or higher
- order) digital paths, a line access point on a per circuit basis may not
- exist. In
- such cases, the international line is deemed to end at the digital path
- access point nearest the international centre.
- (Rec.\ M.700, \fIRed\ Book\fR )
- .bp
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB54\fR \fBline; international line\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ ligne internationale\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ l\*'inea internacional\fR
- .PP
- The whole of the assembly of international and national circuit
- sections between terminal international centres. See
- Figure\ 2/M.1010.
- (Rec.\ M.1010)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB55\fR \fBline; national line\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ ligne nationale\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ l\*'inea nacional\fR
- .PP
- The whole of the assembly of national circuit sections connecting the terminal
- national centre to the terminal international centre. When a
- distinction is needed to indicate the transmission direction in one country,
- the expressions national sending line, that is, outgoing from the render,
- and national receiving line, that is, incoming to the renter, may be used.
- See
- Figure\ 2/M.1010.
- (Rec.\ M.1010)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB56\fR \fBline access point\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ points d'acc\*`es \*`a la ligne\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ puntos de acceso a la l\*'inea\fR
- .PP
- A point used by the CCITT to define the limits of an
- international line and from which measurements are made. Only one \*Qline
- access point\*U exists at each end of an international line. The precise
- location of
- each such point depends on the Administration concerned.
- (Rec.\ M.565)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB57\fR \fBlink; international link\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ liaison internationale\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ enlace internacional\fR
- .PP
- The whole of the assembly of international and national circuit
- sections between terminal national centres. See
- Figure\ 2/M.1010.
- (Rec.\ M.1010)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB58\fR \fBlink; transmission link\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ liaison de transmission\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ enlace de transmisi\*'on\fR
- .PP
- A means of transmission with specified characteristics between two points.
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ The type of the transmission path or the capacity is
- normally indicated, e.g.\ radio link, coaxial link, or\ 2048 kbit/s
- link.
- (Rec.\ I.112)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB59\fR \fBlogistic delay\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ d\*'elai logistique\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ retardo log\*'istico; demora log\*'istica\fR
- .PP
- The logistic delay is the period of time between the fault
- localization and arrival of the maintenance staff on site. In case of an
- ISDN, the logistic delay will depend on the type of failures and how they
- are
- reported, i.e.\ by prompt maintenance alarm (PMA), deferred maintenance alarm
- (DMA) or maintenance event information (MEI).
- (Rec.\ M.20)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB60\fR \fBloopback\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ mise en boucle\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ bucle\fR
- .PP
- A mechanism incorporated into a terminal or into the network
- whereby the transmit path of a communication may be connected back upon the
- receive path.
- .bp
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB61\fR \fBloopback; complete loopback\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ mise en boucle, compl\*`ete\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ bucle completo\fR
- .PP
- A complete loopback is a layer\ 1 [of the open system
- interconnection (OSI) model] mechanism which operates on the full bit stream.
- At the loopback point, the received bit stream shall be transmitted back
- towards the transmittting station without modification.
- (Rec.\ M.125)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB62\fR \fBloopback; digital loopback\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ mise en boucle num\*'erique\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ bucle digital\fR
- .PP
- A digital loopback is a mechanism incorporated into a piece of
- equipment whereby a bidirectional communication path may be connected back
- upon itself so that some or all of the information contained in the bit
- stream sent on the transmit path is returned on the receive path.
- (Rec.\ M.125)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB63\fR \fBloopback; logical loopback\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ mise en boucle logique\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ bucle l\*'ogico\fR
- .PP
- A logical loopback acts selectively on certain information within a specified
- channel or channels and may result in some specified modification of the
- looped information. Logical loopbacks may be defined at any layer of the
- OSI model depending on the detailed maintenance procedure
- specified.
- (Rec.\ M.125)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB64\fR \fBloopback; non\(hytransparent loopback\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ boucle non transparente\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ bucle no transparente\fR
- .PP
- A non\(hytransparent loopback is one in which the signal transmitted beyond
- the loopback point (the forward signal) when the loopback is activated
- is not the same as the received signal at the loopback point. The forward
- signal may be a defined signal or unspecified.
- (Rec.\ M.125)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB65\fR \fBloopback; partial loopback\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ mise en boucle partielle\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ bucle parcial\fR
- .PP
- A partial loopback is a layer\ 1 mechanism which operates on one
- or more specified channels multiplexed within the full bit stream. At the
- loopback point, the received bit stream associated with the specified
- channel(s) shall be transmitted back towards the transmitting station without
- modification.
- (Rec.\ M.125)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB66\fR \fBloopback; transparent loopback\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ boucle transparente\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ bucle transparente\fR
- .PP
- A transparent loopback is one in which the signal transmitted
- beyond the loopback point (the forward signal) when the loopback is activated,
- is the same as the received signal at the loopback
- point.
- (Rec.\ M.125)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB67\fR \fBloopback application\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ application de la mise en boucle\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ aplicaci\*'on de bucle\fR
- .PP
- The maintenance phase for which the loopback operation is
- used.
- (Rec.\ M.125)
- .bp
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB68\fR \fBloopback control mechanism\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ m\*'ecanisme de commande de mise en boucle\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ mecanismo de control de bucle\fR
- .PP
- The means by which the loopback is operated and released from the loopback
- control point.
- (Rec.\ M.125)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB69\fR \fBloopback control point\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ point de commande de mise en boucle\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ punto de control de bucle\fR
- .PP
- The loopback control point is the point which has the ability to directly
- control loopbacks.
- .PP
- The loopback control point may receive requests for loopback operation
- from several loopback requesting points.
- (Rec.\ M.125)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB70\fR \fBloopback point\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ point de mise en boucle\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ punto de bucle\fR
- .PP
- A loopback point is the location of the
- loopback.
- (Rec.\ M.125)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB71\fR \fBloopback requesting point\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ point de demande de mise en boucle\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ punto de petici\*'on de bucles\fR
- .PP
- The loopback requesting point is the point which requests the
- loopback control point to operate loopbacks.
- .PP
- \fINote\ 1\fR \ \(em\ Loopback requests should be subject to identification
- and authorization.
- .PP
- \fINote\ 1\fR \ \(em\ Possible locations of loopback requesting points are: in
- the network, in the TMN, in maintenance service providers
- (MSP).
- (Rec.\ M.125)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB72\fR \fBloopback test pattern\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ signal destin\*'e \*`a l'essai de mise en boucle\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ secuencia de prueba de bucle\fR
- .PP
- The information transmitted during the operation of the loopback in the
- channel or channels which are to be re\(hydirected by the
- loopback.
- (Rec.\ M.125)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB73\fR \fBmaintainability (performance)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ maintenabilit\*'e\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ mantenibilidad\fR
- .PP
- The ability of an item under stated conditions of use, to be
- retained in, or restored to, a state in which it can perform a required
- function, when maintenance is performed under given conditions and using
- stated procedures and resources.
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ The term maintainability is used as a measure of
- maintainability performance.
- (Supplement\ No\ 6, Fascicle\ II.3)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB74\fR \fBmaintenance\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ maintenance\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ mantenimiento\fR
- .PP
- The whole of the operations required for setting up and
- maintaining, within prescribed limits, any element entering into the setting\(hyup
- of a connection. In the international automatic telephone service, maintenance
- is particularly concerned with circuits and automatic switching equipment.
- Circuit and automatic equipment maintenance includes:
- .RT
- .LP
- a)
- carrying out setting\(hyup measurements and adjustments;
- .LP
- b)
- planning and programming a maintenance scheme;
- .bp
- .LP
- c)
- carrying out the prescribed routine preventive maintenance measurements
- and all other tests and measurements deemed necessary;
- .LP
- d)
- locating and clearing
- faults.
- (Rec.\ M.700, \fIRed\ Book\fR )
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB75\fR \fBmaintenance\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ maintenance\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ mantenimiento\fR
- .PP
- The combination of all technical and corresponding administrative actions,
- including supervision actions, intended to retain an item in, or
- restore it to, a state in which it can perform a required
- function.
- (Supplement\ No\ 6, Fascicle\ II.3)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB76\fR \fBmaintenance; automatic maintenance\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ maintenance automatique\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ mantenimiento autom\*'atico\fR
- .PP
- Maintenance accomplished without human
- intervention.
- (Supplement\ No\ 6, Fascicle\ II.3)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB77\fR \fBmaintenance; controlled maintenance\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ maintenance dirig\*'ee\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ mantenimiento dirigido\fR
- .PP
- A method to sustain a desired quality of service by the systematic application
- of analysis techniques using centralized supervisory facilities
- and/or sampling to minimize preventive maintenance and to reduce corrective
- maintenance.
- (Rec.\ M.20)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB78\fR \fBmaintenance; corrective maintenance\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ maintenance corrective\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ mantenimiento correctivo\fR
- .PP
- The maintenance carried out after fault recognition and intended to restore
- an item to a state in which it can perform a required
- function.
- (Rec.\ M.20)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB79\fR \fBmaintenance; deferred maintenance\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ maintenance diff\*'er\*'ee\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ mantenimiento diferido\fR
- .PP
- Such corrective maintenance which is not immediately initiated
- after a fault recognition, but is delayed in accordance with given maintenance
- rules.
- (Supplement\ No\ 6, Fascicle\ II.3)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB80\fR \fBmaintenance; preventive maintenance\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ maintenance pr\*'eventive\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ mantenimiento preventivo\fR
- .PP
- The maintenance carried out at predetermined intervals or
- according to prescribed criteria and intended to reduce the probability of
- failure or the degradation of the functioning of an item.
- (Rec.\ M.20)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB81\fR \fBmaintenance entity (ME)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ entit\*'e de maintenance (EM)\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ entidad de mantenimiento (EM)\fR
- .PP
- Maintenance entities are defined by the following
- principles:
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- The different equipments of the telecommunications network
- constituting the MEs are interconnected to consecutive and easily identifiable
- interface points, at which points the interface conditions defined for
- these
- equipments apply and which possesses the means of detecting maintenance
- events and failures;
- .LP
- \(em
- If the telecommunication equipment supports bidirectional
- transmission, normally consisting of telecommunications equipment trasmitting
- in both directions, then both directions are considered part of the same
- ME;
- .bp
- .LP
- \(em
- When a failure occurs within a network it is desirable that the maintenance
- alarm information indication appears at the failed maintenance entity.
- When this is not practical, the indication should appear at the closest
- possible entity;
- .LP
- \(em
- Maintenance alarm information indications in an entity should not cause
- related alarm information indications at other entities. In the event that
- such indications are permitted to occur, they should clearly indicate that
- the failure has occurred upstream, and not in the other entities displaying
- the information.
- (Rec.\ M.20)
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB82\fR \fBmaintenance entity assembly (MEA)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ assemblage d'entit\*'es de maintenance (AEM)\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ conjunto de entidades de mantenimiento (CEM)\fR
- .PP
- The maintenance entity assembly is defined by the following
- principles:
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- An MEA contains a group of MEs assembled for additional
- maintenance purposes;
- .LP
- \(em
- Principles that apply to MEs apply also to MEAs;
- .LP
- \(em
- An MEA may detect failures and maintenance event information which can
- not be detected by MEs;
- .LP
- \(em
- An MEA may provide end\(hyto\(hyend maintenance alarm information which
- can not be provided by MEs.
- .PP
- End\(hyto\(hyend information may be collected by using additional
- supervision means.
- (Rec.\ M.20)
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB83\fR \fBmaintenance sub\(hyentity (MSE)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ sous\(hyentit\*'e de maintenance (SEM)\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ subentidad de mantenimiento (SEM)\fR
- .PP
- The maintenance sub\(hyentity is defined by the following
- principles:
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- The different parts of an MSE constituting the MEs are
- interconnected at consecutive and easily identifiable interface points;
- .LP
- \(em
- When a failure occurs within an MSE it is desirable that the maintenance
- alarm information indication appears at the failed maintenance
- entity containing the MSE;
- .LP
- \(em
- A failed MSE should be identified as failed by the fault
- location process, but should lead only to the identification of the failed
- ME by the supervision process;
- .LP
- \(em
- An MSE generally corresponds to the item which is replaceable during
- routine operations in the event of failure.
- (Rec.\ M.20)
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB84\fR \fBmaintenance event information (MEI)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ information sur les \*'ev\*'enements de maintenance (IEM)\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ informaci\*'on de evento de mantenimiento (IEM)\fR
- .PP
- This information has to be generated as a consequence of events
- when no immediate actions by the maintenance staff are required, because the
- total performance is not endangered. The maintenance actions can be performed
- on a scheduled basis or after the accumulation of maintenance event information
- indications.
- (Rec.\ M.20)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB85\fR \fBmaintenance philosophy\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ philosophie de maintenance\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ filosof\*'ia de mantenimiento\fR
- .PP
- A system of underlying principles for the organization and
- execution of the maintenance.
- (Supplement\ No\ 6, Fascicle\ II.3)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB86\fR \fBmaintenance policy\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ politique de maintenance\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ pol\*'itica de mantenimiento\fR
- .PP
- A description of the interrelationship between the maintenance
- echelons, the indenture levels and the levels of maintenance to be applied
- for the maintenance of an item.
- (Supplement\ No\ 6, Fascicle\ II.3)
- .bp
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB87\fR \fBmaintenance service provider (MSP)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ fournisseur de service de maintenance (FSM)\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ proveedor de servicios de mantenimiento (PSM)\fR
- .PP
- The MSP represents a group of functions, equipment and
- maintenance staff, that together have the responsibility for maintaining the
- subscriber installation or a part of the
- subscriber installation. A MSP cannot control the maintenance functions
- of the subscriber access. If authorized, it can request information from
- the SAMC
- about the subscriber access.
- (Rec.\ M.36)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB88\fR \fBmaintenance strategy\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ strat\*'egie de maintenance\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ estrategia de mantenimiento\fR
- .PP
- A plan for the organization and execution of
- maintenance.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB89\fR \fBmaintenance support (performance)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ logistique de maintenance\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ log\*'istica de mantenimiento\fR
- .PP
- The ability of a maintenance organization, under given conditions, to provide
- upon demand the resources required to maintain an item, under a
- given maintenance policy.
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ The given conditions are related to the item itself and to
- the conditions under which the item is used and m
- aintained.
- (Supplement\ No\ 6, Fascicle\ II.3)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB90\fR \fBmanagement entities\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ entit\*'es de gestion\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ entidades de gesti\*'on\fR
- .PP
- Management entities are groups of capabilities that collectively provide
- management functions, such as operations, administration, maintenance and
- provisioning. For the network part, the functions may be implemented by
- a combination of capabilities in the network elements and operations systems.
- For the subscriber part, management functions may be contained within the
- subscriber installations.
- (Rec.\ M.36)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB91\fR \fBmeasurement\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ mesure\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ medida; medici\*'on\fR
- .PP
- The numerical assessment, in suitable units, of the value of a
- simple or complex quantity or magnitude.
- (Rec.\ M.700, \fIRed\ Book\fR )
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB92\fR \fBmediation device (MD)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ dispositif de m\*'ediation (DM)\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ dispositivo de mediaci\*'on (DM)\fR
- .PP
- The MD is the stand alone device which performs mediation
- functions (MFs). MDs can be implemented as hierarchies of cascaded
- devices.
- (Rec.\ M.30)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB93\fR \fBmediation function (MF) block\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ bloc de fonction de m\*'ediation (FM)\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ bloque de funciones de mediaci\*'on (FM)\fR
- .PP
- The MF block acts on information passing between network element function
- blocks (NEFs) and operations system function blocks (OSFs) to achieve smooth
- and efficient communication. Major MFs include communication control,
- protocol conversion and data handling, communication of primitive functions,
- processes involving decision making, and data storage. Details of the MF are
- given in\ \(sc\ 5.4 of Recommendation\ M.30.
- (Rec.\ M.30)
- .bp
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB94\fR \fBmultiterminal service circuit\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ circuit de service multiterminal\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ circuito de servicio multiterminal\fR
- .PP
- A telephone or teleprinter (teletypewriter) service circuit
- serving more than two stations and having at least one branching point.
- On each branch of this circuit a certain number of stations can be connected
- in series. Every station served can enter the circuit individually.
- See\ Figure\ 2/M.100.
- (Rec.\ M.100)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB95\fR \fBnational main section\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ section nationale principale\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ secci\*'on principal nacional\fR
- .PP
- The whole of the assembly of national group or supergroup sections containing
- the defined test access points at the terminal national centre and defined
- test access points at the terminal international centre (see
- Figure\ 1/M.900).
- (Rec.\ M.900)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB96\fR \fBnational system\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ syst\*`eme national\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ sistema nacional\fR
- .PP
- This system may comprise one or more 4\(hywire amplified national
- circuits with a 4\(hywire interconnection, and circuits with 2\(hywire
- connection to terminal exchanges and subscribers. See Figure\ 1/M.560.
- (Rec.\ M.560)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB97\fR \fBnetwork analysis point\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ centre d'analyse du r\*'eseau\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ punto de an\*'alisis de la red\fR
- .PP
- The network analysis point is an element within the general
- maintenance organization for the international automatic and semi\(hyautomatic
- telephone service associated with one or more international centres.
- .PP
- It receives information concerning service quality and faults not
- associated with specific circuits. It analyses all relevant information to
- investigate the problems involved. It may request the fault report point
- (network) to initiate investigatory and/or remedial actions in one or more
- maintenance centres in the home country or via a fault report point (network)
- in another country.
- .PP
- The network analysis point acts as a single point of contact for
- general enquiries concerning the day\(hyto\(hyday maintenance of the international
- telephone network, as may be made by the maintenance organizations of other
- Administrations.
- (Rec.\ M.720)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB98\fR \fBnetwork element (NE)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ el\*'ement de r\*'eseau (ER)\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ elemento de red (ER)\fR
- .PP
- The NE is comprised of telecommunication equipment (or
- groups/parts of telecomunication equipment) and support equipment that
- performs network element functions (NEFs) and has one or more standard
- Q\(hytype
- interfaces.
- (Rec.\ M.30)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB99\fR \fBnetwork element function (NEF) block\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ bloc de fonction d'\*'el\*'ement de r\*'eseau (FER)\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ bloque de funciones de elemento de red (FER)\fR
- .PP
- The NEF block communicates with a telecommunication management
- network (TMN) for the purpose of being monitored and/or controlled. Details
- of the NEF are given in\ \(sc\ 5.5 of Recommendation\ M.30.
- (Rec.\ M.30)
- .bp
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB100\fR \fBomnibus service circuit\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ circuit de service omnibus\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ circuito de servicio \*'omnibus\fR
- .PP
- A telephone or teleprinter (teletypewriter) service circuit
- serving more than two stations connected in series, any or all of which may
- make connection to the service circuit simultaneously. See
- Figure\ 1/M.100.
- (Rec.\ M.100)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB101\fR \fBoperation, administration and maintenance centre (OAMC)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ centre de gestion, d'exploitation et de maintenance (CGEM)\fR
- .EF '% Fascicle\ IV.1\ \(em\ Rec.\ M.60''
- .OF '''Fascicle\ IV.1\ \(em\ Rec.\ M.60 %'
- .LP
- \fIS:\ centro de operaciones, administraci\*'on y mantenimiento\fR
- \fI(COAM)\fR
- .PP
- The OAMC is an administration's centre with the responsibility for the
- general operation, administration and maintenance of the network. It
- includes both the staff and associated operations systems. The functions
- may be distributed among many centres and operation systems.
- (Rec.\ M.36)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB102\fR \fBoperations systems (OS)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ syst\*`eme d'exploitation (SE)\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ sistema de operaciones (SO)\fR
- .PP
- The OS is the stand alone system which performs operation system functions
- (OSFs).
- (Rec.\ M.30)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB103\fR \fBoperations system function (OSF) block\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fB
- \fIF:\ bloc de fonction de syst\*`eme d'exploitation (FSE)\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ bloque de funciones de sistema de operaciones (FSO)\fR
- .PP
- The OSF block processes information related to telecommunication management
- to support and/or control the realization of various
- telecommunication management functions. Details of the OSF are given in
- \(sc\ 5.2 of Recommendation\ M.30.
- (Rec.\ M.30)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB104\fR \fBpath; telecommunication path\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ itin\*'eraire de t\*'el\*'ecommunications\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ trayecto de telecomunicaci\*'on\fR
- .PP
- The continuous course taken by a transmission signal beween two
- points.
- .PP
- \fINote\ 1\fR \ \(em\ This may be a physical transmission medium, a frequency
- band in a frequency multiplex, a time slot in a time division multiplex,\ etc.
- .PP
- \fINote\ 2\fR \ \(em\ The path includes the transmission media and the
- means used for connecting them together.
- (Rec.\ Q.9)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB105\fR \fBpath; digital path\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ conduit; conduit num\*'erique\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ trayecto digital\fR
- .PP
- The whole of the means of transmitting and receiving a digital
- signal of specified rate between those two digital distribution frames (or
- equivalent) at which terminal equipments or switches will be connected.
- Terminal equipments are those at which signals at the specified bit rate
- originate or terminate.
- .PP
- \fINote\ 1\fR \ \(em\ A digital path comprises one or more sections.
- .PP
- \fINote\ 2\fR \ \(em\ Where appropriate, the bit rate should qualify the title.
- .PP
- \fINote\ 3\fR \ \(em\ Digital paths interconnected by digital switches form a
- digital connection.
- (Rec.\ M.300)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB106\fR \fBpoint\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ point\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ punto\fR
- .LP
- a)
- to identify an element within a maintenance organization
- where specified functions are carried out. Examples of its use in this
- context are: fault report point\(hycircuit, restoration control point,
- testing
- point\(hytransmission;
- .LP
- b)
- to identify an electrical location in a circuit, group,
- digital path,\ etc., where access is required for testing purposes. Examples
- of its use in this context are: circuit access point, analogue link access
- point, digital path access point.
- (Rec.\ M.700, \fIRed\ Book\fR )
- .bp
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB107\fR \fBprompt maintenance alarm (PMA)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ alarme de maintenance imm\*'ediate (AMI)\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ alarma de mantenimiento inmediato (AMI)\fR
- .PP
- A prompt maintenance alarm is generated in order to initiate
- maintenance activities (normally immediately) by maintenance personnel to
- remove from service a defective equipment for the purpose of restoring good
- service and effecting repair of the failed equipment.
- (Rec.\ M.20)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB108\fR \fBpropagation performance\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ caract\*'eristiques de propagation\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ caracter\*'istica de propagaci\*'on\fR
- .PP
- The ability of a propagation medium, in which a wave propagates
- without artificial guide, to transmit a signal within the given tolerances.
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ The given tolerances may apply to variations in signal
- level, noise, interference levels,\ etc.
- (Rec.\ E.800)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB109\fR \fBprotection switching\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ commutation sur liaison de r\*'eserve\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ conmutaci\*'on de protecci\*'on\fR
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ This term was used in the CCITT \fIRed Book\fR and has
- been deleted in the \fIBlue\ Book\fR . For more information, see the definitions
- for terms relating to direct transmission restoration (protection link
- switching) and
- automatic and semi\(hyautomatic transmission restoration (protection network
- switching) in Recommendation\ M.495.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB110\fR \fBprotected monitoring point\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ point de surveillance prot\*'eg\*'e\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ punto de monotorizaci\*'on protegido\fR
- .PP
- A protected monitoring point provides a digital interface at which it is
- possible to monitor the transmitted signal and to make measurements with
- suitable test equipments (described in Fascicle\ IV.4, \fIRed\ Book\fR
- ).
- .PP
- The degree of protection is considered to be sufficient when a
- variation of the pulse mask as given in Recommendation\ G.703 is less
- than\ \fIx\fR %\fR with a short circuit at the protected monitoring point.
- (The value of \fIx\fR is
- for further study in connection with the electrical characteristics.)
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ The above definition is a working definition and is under
- study in Study Groups\ IV and\ XV.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB111\fR \fBquality of service (QOS)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ qualit\*'e de service (QDS)\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ calidad de servicio (CDS)\fR
- .PP
- The collective effect of service performances which determine the degree
- of satisfaction of a user of the service.
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ The quality of service is characterized by the combined
- aspects of service support performance, service operability performance,
- service integrity and other factors specific to each service. See
- Figure\ 1/E.800.
- (Rec.\ E.800)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB112\fR \fBredundancy, standby\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ redondance en attente; redondance passive; redondance en\fR
- \fIsecours\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ redundancia pasiva; redundancia de reserva\fR
- .PP
- That redundancy wherein one means for performing a required
- function is intended to operate while the alternative means are inoperative
- until needed.
- (Supplement\ No.\ 6, Fascicle\ II.3)
- .bp
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB113\fR \fBreliability (performance)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ fiabilit\*'e\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ fiabilidad\fR
- .PP
- The ability of an item to perform a required function under given conditions
- for a given time period.
- .PP
- \fINote\ 1\fR \ \(em\ It is generally assumed that the item is in a state to
- perform this required function at the beginning of the time interval.
- .PP
- \fINote\ 2\fR \ \(em\ The term reliability is used as a measure of reliability
- performance.
- (Supplement\ No.\ 6, Fascicle\ II.3)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB114\fR \fBrestoration; recovery\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ r\*'etablissement\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ restablecimiento\fR
- .PP
- That event when the item regains the ability to perform a
- required function after a fault.
- (Supplement\ No.\ 6, Fascicle\ II.3)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB113\fR \fBrestoration control point (RCP)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ centre de commande de r\*'etablissement du service (CCR)\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ punto de control del restablecimiento (PCR)\fR
- .PP
- The restoration control point (RCP) is an element within the
- general maintenance organization for the international telecommunication
- services. It initiates and coordinates service restoration activities in
- case of failures or planned outages of transmission systems in accordance
- with plans and ad hoc arrangements agreed by the technical services of
- the Administration concerned.
- (Rec.\ M.725)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB116\fR \fBroutine or periodic testing\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ essai de routine ou p\*'eriodique\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ pruebas peri\*'odicas; pruebas de rutina\fR
- .PP
- Items are tested periodically, initiated either by the system or by the
- maintenance staff. The frequency of the test depends on the importance
- of the item, the failure rate and the number of items of that type present
- in the element.
- (Rec.\ M.20)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB117\fR \fBserveability performance\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ servibilit\*'e (d'un service)\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ servibilidad (de un servicio)\fR
- .PP
- The ability of a service to be obtained, within specified
- tolerances and other given conditions, when requested by the user and continue
- to be provided for a requested duration.
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ Serveability performance may be subdivided into the
- service accessibility performance and the service retainability performance.
- (Rec.\ E.800)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB118\fR \fBservice\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ service\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ servicio\fR
- .PP
- A set of functions offered to a user by an organization.
- (Rec.\ E.800)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB119\fR \fBservice; bearer service\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ service support\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ servicio portador\fR
- .PP
- A type of telecommunication service that provides the capability for the
- transmission of signals between user\(hynetwork
- interfaces.
- (Rec.\ I.112)
- .bp
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB120\fR \fBservice; telecommunication service\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ service de t\*'el\*'ecommunications\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ servicio de telecomunicaci\*'on\fR
- .PP
- That which is offered by an Administration to its customers in
- order to satisfy a specific telecommunication requirement.
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ Bearer service and teleservice are types of telecommunication
- service. Other types of telecommunication service may be identified in
- the
- future.
- (Rec.\ I.112)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB121\fR \fBservice; teleservice\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ t\*'el\*'eservice\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ teleservicio; servicio final\fR
- .PP
- A type of telecommunication service that provides the complete
- compatibility including terminal equipment functions, for communications
- between users according to protocols established by agreement between
- Administrations.
- (Rec.\ I.112)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB122\fR \fBservice alarm (SA)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ alarme de service (AS)\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ alarma de servicio (AS)\fR
- .PP
- A service alarm is generated at maintenance entities at which the service
- originates and/or terminates to indicate that the particular service is
- no longer available (e.g.,\ when a primary block is no longer available
- for
- setting up connections, the PCM muldex will extend a service alarm indication
- to the exchange equipment). The service alarm should be generated when
- performance falls below a level specified for a particular service. This
- level may coincide with that for initiating also a prompt maintenance alarm.
- (Rec.\ M.20)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB123\fR \fBservice accessibility performance\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ accessibilit\*'e (d'un service)\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ accesibilidad (de un servicio)\fR
- .PP
- The ability of a service to be obtained, within specified
- tolerances and other given conditions, when requested by the user.
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ This takes into account the transmission tolerance and the
- combined aspects of propagation performance, trafficability performance and
- availability performance of the related systems.
- (Rec.\ E.800)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB124\fR \fBservice integrity\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ int\*'egrit\*'e de service\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ integridad del servicio\fR
- .PP
- The degree to which a service is provided without excessive
- impairments, once obtained.
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ This service is characterized by the transmission performance
- of the system.
- (Rec.\ E.800)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB125\fR \fBservice operability performance\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ facilit\*'e d'utilisation (d'un service)\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ facilidad de utilizaci\*'on (de un servicio)\fR
- .PP
- The ability of a service to be successfully and easily operated by a user.
- (Rec.\ E.800)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB126\fR \fBservice retainability performance\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ continuabilit\*'e (d'un service)\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ retenibilidad (de un servicio)\fR
- .PP
- The ability of service, once obtained, to continue to be provided under
- given condition for a requested duration.
- .bp
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ Generally this depends on the transmission tolerances, the
- propagation performance and reliability performance of the related systems.
- For some services, for example packet switching, this also depends on the
- trafficability performance and the availability performance of the related
- systems.
- (Rec.\ E.800)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB127\fR \fBservice support performance\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ logistique de service\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ log\*'istica del servicio\fR
- .PP
- The ability of an organization to provide a service and assist in its utilization.
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ An example of service support performance is the ability
- to provide assistance in commissioning a basic service, or a supplementary
- service such as the call waiting service or directory enquiries service.
- (Rec.\ E.800)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB128\fR \fBseverely errored seconds (SES)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ secondes gravement erron\*'ees (SGE)\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ segundos con muchos errores (SME)\fR
- .PP
- A severly errored second is a second with a binary error ratio [as can
- be measured using a QRSS (quasi\(hyrandon signal source)] greater than
- or
- equal to 10\uD\dlF261\u3\d, or at least one defect (except slips).
- .PP
- A pseudo\(hyseverely errored second is a second with at least N1
- anomalies (when the anomaly is not a binary error, i.e.\ when it is an error
- indicator such as a code violation, CRC error,\ etc.), or one defect (except
- slips). The value of N1 is an estimator defined to correspond to a BER of
- 10\uD\dlF261\u3\d in one second. N1 is a function of the accuracy of the
- anomaly
- detectors.
- (Rec.\ M.550)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB129\fR \fBsub\(hycontrol station\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ station sous\(hydirectrice\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ estaci\*'on subdirectora\fR
- .PP
- A sub\(hycontrol station is a point within the general maintenance
- organization which fulfills the sub\(hycontrol responsibilities of the circuit,
- group, supergroup,\ etc., digital section assigned to it.
- (Rec.\ M.90)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB130\fR \fBsubscriber access maintenance centre (SAMC)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ centre de maintenance d'acc\*`es d'abonn\*'e (CMAA)\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ centro de mantenimiento de accesos de abonado (CMAA)\fR
- .PP
- The SAMC represents a group of functions, network equipment
- elements and staff controlled by the Administration, which together have the
- responsibility and capability for maintenance functions and maintenance
- actions within the subscriber access.
- (Rec.\ M.36)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB131\fR \fBsubscriber access maintenance entity (SAME)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ entit\*'e de maintenance d'acc\*`es d'abonn\*'e (EMAA)\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ entidad de mantenimiento de accesos de abonado (EMAA)\fR
- .PP
- The SAME controls the subscriber access maintenance functions and provides
- communications for such activities. The SAME might be distributed.
- (Rec.\ M.36)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB132\fR \fBsubscriber installation maintenance entity (SIME)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ entit\*'e de maintenance d'installation d'abonn\*'e (EMIA)\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ entidad de mantenimiento de instalaciones de abonado (EMIA)\fR
- .PP
- A SIME represents a group of dedicated functions contained within the functional
- groups (as specified in Recommendation\ I.411) of the subscriber insallation
- (i.e.\ TE1 and NT2) which have the following purposes;
- e.g.
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- interaction with the (human) user;
- .LP
- \(em
- handling of maintenance protocol from the SAME and/or MSP;
- .LP
- \(em
- control of internal testing and maintenance mechanisms.
- (Rec.\ M.36)
- .bp
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB133\fR \fBsystem availability information point\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ service collectant les informations relatives a la\fR
- \fIdisponibilit\*'e des syst\*`emes\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ punto de informaci\*'on sobre disponibilidad del sistema\fR
- .PP
- The system availability information point is an element within the general
- maintenance organization for the international automatic and
- semi\(hyautomatic telephone service associated with one or more international
- centres. It collects and disseminates information concerning the
- non\(hyavailability of telecommunications systems which affects the international
- service. The term availability is used here in the broadest sense of the
- word.
- (Rec.\ M.721)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB134\fR \fBtelecommunication\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ t\*'el\*'ecommunication\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ telecomunicaci\*'on\fR
- .PP
- Any transmission and/or emission and reception of signals
- representing signs, writing, images and sounds or intelligence of any nature
- by wire, radio, optical or other electromagnetic systems.
- (Recs.\ G.701,
- I.112)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB135\fR \fBtelecommunication Administration\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ Administration des t\*'el\*'ecommunications\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ Administraci\*'on de telecomunicaciones\fR
- .PP
- An Administration, or the part of a combined postal and
- telecommunication Administration, concerned with the provision of
- telecommunication service.
- (Rec.\ D.70)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB136\fR \fBtelecommunications management network (TMN)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ r\*'eseau de gestion des t\*'el\*'ecommunications (RGT)\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ red de gesti\*'on de las telecomunicaciones (RGT)\fR
- .PP
- A telecommunications management network provides the means used to transport
- and process information related to management functions for the
- telecommunications network.
- (Rec.\ M.30)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB137\fR \fBterminal international centre\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ centre terminal international\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ centro terminal internacional\fR
- .PP
- The international centre (for example, an international repeater station)
- serving the renter in the country in which the renter's installation is
- situated. There will be two terminal international centres in an
- international leased group or supergroup link, or more in the case of a
- multiterminal link (see Figure\ 1/M.900)
- (Rec.\ M.900)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB138\fR \fBterminal international centre\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ centre terminal international\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ centro terminal internacional\fR
- .PP
- The terminal international centre (TIC) for leased and special
- circuits is the international centre serving the renter in the country
- in which the renter's installation is situated. It marks the interface
- of the
- international and national lines and is normally located in association
- with a terminal international centre for the international public telephony
- circuits.
- .PP
- Some Administrations may wish to locate the TIC for international
- leased and special circuits indepen
- dently of that for public telephony
- circuits.
- .PP
- In all cases there will be a transmission maintenance point
- (international line) (MTP\(hyIL) (see Recommendation\ M.1014) located at
- each TIC for leased and special circuits.
- .PP
- There will be two TICs in a point\(hyto\(hypoint international circuit.
- There may be more in a multiterminal circuit. See Figure\ 2/M.1010.
- (Rec.\ M.1010)
- .bp
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB139\fR \fBterminal national centre\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ centre terminal national\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ centro terminal nacional\fR
- .PP
- The nearest national installation (for example, a repeater
- station) to which the renter's equipment is connected by the terminal national
- section. This centre will normally be staffed and equipped to make transmission
- measurements (see Figure\ 1/M.900).
- (Rec.\ M.900)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB140\fR \fBterminal national centre\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ centre terminal national\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ centro terminal nacional\fR
- .PP
- The national centre (e.g., repeater station, telephone exchange) that is:
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- nearest to the renter's installation;
- .LP
- \(em
- provided with a circuit test point, so that transmission
- measurements can be made by appropriate staff. See
- Figure\ 2/M.1010.
- (Rec.\ M.1010)
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB141\fR \fBterminal national section\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ section nationale terminale\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ secci\*'on terminal nacional\fR
- .PP
- The lines and apparatus between the defined test access points at the interface
- in the renter's premises and corresponding defined access points at the
- terminal national centre (see Figure\ 1/M.900).
- (Rec.\ M.900)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB142\fR \fBterminal national section\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ section nationale terminale\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ secci\*'on terminal nacional\fR
- .PP
- The lines and apparatus connecting the renter's installation with the terminal
- national centre concerned. There may be intermediate installations (e.g.,\
- telephone exchanges) in the terminal national section but they are
- assumed to have no testing facilities normally available. See Figure\ 2/M.1010.
- (Rec.\ M.1010)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB143\fR \fBtest\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ essai\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ prueba\fR
- .PP
- A direct practical trial in whatever manner it may be made.
- (Rec.\ M.700, \fIRed\ Book\fR )
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB144\fR \fBtest; functional test\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ essai de fonctionnement\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ prueba de funcionamiento\fR
- .PP
- A \fIyes or no\fR test made to indicate whether a circuit, equipment or
- part of an equipment will function or not function under actual working
- conditions.
- (Rec.\ M.700, \fIRed\ Book)\fR
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB145\fR \fBtest; limit test\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ essai aux limites\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ prueba en los l\*'imites\fR
- .PP
- A test made to indicate whether a quantity would fall within or
- outside a pair of limits or boundaries.
- (Rec.\ M.700, \fIRed\ Book)\fR .bp
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB146\fR \fBtest; yes or no test\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ essai par \*Qtout ou rien\*U\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ prueba de viabilidad\fR
- .PP
- A test made to indicate whether a quantity or magnitude would fall above
- or below a specified limit or boundary defined to distinguish pass and
- fail conditions.
- (Rec.\ M.700, \fIRed\ Book)\fR
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB147\fR \fBtesting point (line signalling)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ centre pour les essais de la signalisation de ligne\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ punto de pruebas de la se\o"n~"alizaci\*'on de l\*'inea\fR
- .PP
- The testing point (line\(hysignalling) is an element within the
- general maintenance organization for the international automatic and
- semi\(hyautomatic telephone service at each international centre. It carries
- out line signalling tests on international circuits using channel\(hyassociated
- signalling systems, e.g.,\ R2, No.\ 5, whether provided by wholly analogue
- transmission and switching systems or by a mixture of analogue and digital
- systems.
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ In practice, at digital international exchanges, a line
- access point at the circuit level may not exist when the exchanges is
- interfaced by primary (or higher order) digital paths. Thus, all signalling
- testing may need to be carried out from one location \(em\ generally the
- testing
- point (switching and interregister signalling). Signalling tests on Signalling
- System\ No.\ 6 are controlled and coordinated by the administrative control
- (see Recommendation\ M.762).
- (Rec.\ M.718)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB148\fR \fBtesting point (switching and interregister signalling)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ centre pour les essais de commutation et de la signalisation\fR
- \fIentre enregistreurs\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ punto de pruebas de conmutaci\*'on y se\o"n~"alizaci\*'on\fR
- \fIentre registradores\fR
- .PP
- The testing point (switching and interregister signalling) is an element
- within the general maintenance organization for the international
- automatic and semi\(hyautomatic telephone service at each international
- centre. It carries out tests concerned with switching and interregister
- signalling
- functions associated with international circuits, whether provided by wholly
- analogue transmission and switching systems or by a mixture of analogue and
- digital systems.
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ In practice, at digital international exchanges, a line
- access point at the circuit level may not exist when the exchange is interfaced
- by primary (or higher order) digital paths. Thus, all signalling testing
- may
- need to be carried out from one location, generally the testing point
- (switching and interregister signalling). This would include line signalling
- aspects, if any.
- (Rec.\ M.719)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB149\fR \fBtesting point (transmission)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ centre pour les essais de la transmission\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ punto de pruebas de la transmisi\*'on\fR
- .PP
- The testing point (transmission) is an element within the general maintenance
- organization for the international automatic and semi\(hyautomatic
- telephone service at each international centre. It carries out transmission
- testing on international circuits whether provided by wholly analogue
- transmission and switching systems or by a mixture of analogue and digital
- systems.
- (Rec.\ M.717)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB150\fR \fBtrafficability performance\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ traficabilit\*'e; capacit\*'e d'\*'ecoulement du trafic\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ aptitud para cursar tr\*'afico\fR
- .PP
- The ability of an item to meet a traffic demand of a given size
- and other characteristics, under given internal conditions.
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ Given internal conditions refer, for example, to any
- combination of faulty and non\(hyfaulty sub\(hyitems.
- (Rec.\ E.800)
- .bp
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB151\fR \fBtransmission\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ transmission\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ transmisi\*'on\fR
- .PP
- The action of conveying signals from one point to one or more
- other points.
- .PP
- \fINote\ 1\fR \ \(em\ Transmission can be effected directly or indirectly,
- with or without intermediate storage.
- .PP
- \fINote\ 2\fR \ \(em\ The use of the English word \*Qtransmission\*U in
- the sense of emission is deprecated.
- (Recs.\ G.701, I.112)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB152\fR \fBtransmission performance\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ qualit\*'e de transmission\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ calidad de transmisi\*'on\fR
- .PP
- The level of reproduction of a signal offered to a
- telecommunications system, under given conditions, when this system is
- in an up state.
- (Rec.\ E.800)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB153\fR \fBtransmission restoration\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ r\*'etablissement de la transmission\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ restablecimiento de la transmisi\*'on\fR
- .PP
- The different actions taken in order to restore the transmission of a signal
- affected by a transmission fault.
- (Rec.\ M.495)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB154\fR \fBtransmission route\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ trajet de transmission\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ ruta de transmisi\*'on\fR
- .PP
- A transmission facility on a specific medium used by a certain
- number of transmission systems between two stations.
- .PP
- \fINote\ 1\fR \ \(em\ For example, one cable between two stations could be
- regarded as one transmission route (whatever the number of systems using
- this cable is) and a radio system between these two points could be regarded
- as
- another route.
- .PP
- \fINote\ 2\fR \ \(em\ This represents a physical route; this is different from
- the term \*Qroute\*U which is defined in the E.600, Q.9 and Z.341\ Recommendations,
- which represents a logical route.
- (Rec.\ M.495)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB155\fR \fBtransmission route diversity\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ diversit\*'e de routage de transmission\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ diversidad de rutas de transmisi\*'on\fR
- .PP
- The provision of at least two links between two nodes in a
- transmission network which are routed over different transmission routes.
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ In case of a failure of one link, transmission route
- diversity allows some traffic between the two nodes still to be carried over
- the remaining link(s).
- (Rec.\ M.495)
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB156\fR \fBupstream failure indication (UFI)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- \fIF:\ indication de d\*'efaillance en amont (IDA)\fR
- .LP
- \fIS:\ indicaci\*'on de fallo atr\*'as (IFA)\fR
- .PP
- The upstream failure indication given by a maintenance entity
- indicates that the signal arriving at that maintenance entity is defective.
- The UFI indicates that the failure has occurred upstream of this point
- and no unnecessary maintenance activities are
- initiated.
- (Rec.\ M.20)
- .bp
- .RT
- .LP
- \fR
- .ce 1000
- ANNEX\ A
- .ce 0
- .ce 1000
- (to Recommendation M.60)
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .ce 0
- .ce 1000
- \fBList of maintenance terms\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ce 0
- .PP
- This Annex presents the maintenance terms in alphabetical
- order together with their section number.
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \s8\fISection No.\fR \fITerm\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .LP
- \fB.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \s91\ \
- Alarm indication signal (AIS)
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- 2\ \
- Anomaly
- .LP
- 3\ \
- Automatic switching equipment
- .LP
- 4\ \
- Availability (performance)
- .LP
- 5\ \
- Bit error ratio (BER)
- .LP
- 6\ \
- Bridging loss
- .LP
- 7\ \
- Channel; access channel
- .LP
- 8\ \
- Channel; transmission channel
- .LP
- 10\
- Circuit; digital circuit
- .LP
- 9\ \
- Circuit; telecommunication circuit
- .LP
- 11\
- Circuit access points
- .LP
- 12\
- Circuit control station
- .LP
- 13\
- Circuit sub\(hycontrol station
- .LP
- 14\
- Code violation
- .LP
- 15\
- Connection
- .LP
- 16\
- Connection; digital connection
- .LP
- 17\
- Connection; international connection
- .LP
- 18\
- Connection; international telephone connection
- .LP
- 19\
- Continuity check
- .LP
- 20\
- Continuous checking
- .LP
- 21\
- Control station
- .LP
- 22\
- Data communication network
- .LP
- 23\
- Data communications network (DCN)
- .LP
- 24\
- Data communications function (DCF)
- .LP
- 25\
- Dead time
- .LP
- 26\
- Defect
- .LP
- 27\
- Deferred maintenance alarm (DMA)
- .LP
- 28\
- Degraded minute (DM)
- .LP
- 29\
- Echo
- .LP
- 30\
- Echo canceller
- .LP
- 31\
- Echo suppressor
- .LP
- 32\
- Error
- .LP
- 33\
- Error; random error
- .LP
- 34\
- Error burst
- .LP
- 35\
- Error free seconds (EFS)
- .LP
- 36\
- Errored seconds
- .LP
- 37\
- Exchange
- .LP
- 38\
- Failure
- .LP
- 39\
- Fault
- .LP
- 40\
- Fault; intermittent fault
- .bp
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \s8\fISection No.\fR \fITerm\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .LP
- \fB.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \s941\
- Fault correction
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- 42\
- Fault localization;
- localization of faults
- .LP
- 43\
- Fault report point (circuit)
- .LP
- 44\
- Fault report point (network)
- .LP
- 45\
- Interface
- .LP
- 46\
- International automatic circuit
- .LP
- 47\
- International chain
- .LP
- 48\
- International leased circuit
- .LP
- 49\
- International main section
- .LP
- 51\
- Interruption
- .LP
- 52\
- Interruption
- .LP
- 50\
- Interruption; break of service
- .LP
- 53\
- Line; international line
- .LP
- 54\
- Line; international line
- .LP
- 55\
- Line; national line
- .LP
- 56\
- Line access point
- .LP
- 57\
- Link; international link
- .LP
- 58\
- Link; transmission link
- .LP
- 59\
- Logistic delay
- .LP
- 60\
- Loopback
- .LP
- 61\
- Loopback; complete loopback
- .LP
- 62\
- Loopbback; digital loopback
- .LP
- 63\
- Loopback; logical loopback
- .LP
- 64\
- Loopback; non\(hytransparent loopback
- .LP
- 65\
- Loopback; partial loopback
- .LP
- 66\
- Loopback; transparent loopback
- .LP
- 67\
- Loopback application
- .LP
- 68\
- Loopback control mechanism
- .LP
- 69\
- Loopback control point
- .LP
- 70\
- Loopback point
- .LP
- 71\
- Loopback requesting point
- .LP
- 72\
- Loopback test pattern
- .LP
- 73\
- Maintainability (performance)
- .LP
- 74\
- Maintenance
- .LP
- 75\
- Maintenance
- .LP
- 76\
- Maintenance; automatic maintenance
- .LP
- 77\
- Maintenance; controlled maintenance
- .LP
- 78\
- Maintenance; corrective maintenance
- .LP
- 79\
- Maintenance; deferred maintenance
- .LP
- 80\
- Maintenance; preventive maintenance
- .bp
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \s8\fISection No.\fR \fITerm\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .LP
- \fB.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \s981\
- Maintenance entity (ME)
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- 82\
- Maintenance entity assembly (MEA)
- .LP
- 84\
- Maintenance event information (MEI)
- .LP
- 85\
- Maintenance philosophy
- .LP
- 86\
- Maintenance policy
- .LP
- 87\
- Maintenance service provider (MSP)
- .LP
- 88\
- Maintenance strategy
- .LP
- 83\
- Maintenance sub\(hyentity (MSE)
- .LP
- 89\
- Maintenance support (performance)
- .LP
- 90\
- Management entities
- .LP
- 91\
- Measurement
- .LP
- 92\
- Mediation device (MD)
- .LP
- 93\
- Mediation function (MF) (block)
- .LP
- 94\
- Multiterminal service circuit
- .LP
- 95\
- National main section
- .LP
- 96\
- National system
- .LP
- 97\
- Network analysis point
- .LP
- 98\
- Network element (NE)
- .LP
- 99\
- Network element function (NEF) block
- .LP
- 100
- Omnibus service circuit
- .LP
- 101
- Operation, administration and maintenance centre (OAMC)
- .LP
- 102
- Operations system (OS)
- .LP
- 103
- Operations system function (OSF) block
- .LP
- 105
- Path; digital path
- .LP
- 104
- Path; telecommunication path
- .LP
- 106
- Point
- .LP
- 107
- Prompt maintenance alarm
- .LP
- 108
- Propagation performance
- .LP
- 110
- Protected monitoring point
- .LP
- 109
- Protection switching
- .LP
- 111
- Quality of service (QOS)
- .LP
- 112
- Redundancy; standby
- .LP
- 113
- Reliability (performance)
- .LP
- 115
- Restoration control point
- .LP
- 114
- Restoration recovery
- .LP
- 116
- Routine or periodic testing
- .LP
- 117
- Serveability performance
- .LP
- 118
- Service
- .LP
- 119
- Service; bearer service
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 9P
- .ad r
- Blanc
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \s8\fISection No.\fR \fITerm\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .LP
- \fB.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \s9120
- Service; telecommunication service
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- 121
- Service; teleservice
- .LP
- 123
- Service accessibility performance
- .LP
- 122
- Service alarm (SA)
- .LP
- 124
- Service integrity
- .LP
- 125
- Service operability performance
- .LP
- 126
- Service retainability performance
- .LP
- 127
- Service support performance
- .LP
- 128
- Severely errored seconds (SES)
- .LP
- 129
- Sub\(hycontrol station
- .LP
- 130
- Subscriber access maintenance centre (SAMC)
- .LP
- 131
- Subscriber access maintenance entity (SAME)
- .LP
- 132
- Subscriber installation maintenance entity (SIME)
- .LP
- 133
- System availability information point
- .LP
- 134
- Telecommunication
- .LP
- 135
- Telecommunication Administration
- .LP
- 136
- Telecommunications management network (TMN)
- .LP
- 137
- Terminal international centre
- .LP
- 138
- Terminal international centre
- .LP
- 139
- Terminal national centre
- .LP
- 140
- Terminal national centre
- .LP
- 142
- Terminal national section
- .LP
- 142
- Terminal national section
- .LP
- 143
- Test
- .LP
- 144
- Test; functional test
- .LP
- 145
- Test; limit test
- .LP
- 146
- Test; yes or no test
- .LP
- 148
- Testing point (switching and interregister signalling)
- .LP
- 149
- Testing point (transmission)
- .LP
- 147
- Testing point (line signalling)
- .LP
- 150
- Trafficability performance
- .LP
- 151
- Transmission
- .LP
- 152
- Transmission performance
- .LP
- 153
- Transmission restoration
- .LP
- 154
- Transmission route
- .LP
- 155
- Transmission route diversity
- .LP
- 156
- Upstream failure indication (UFI)
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 9P
- .ad r
- Blanc
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .LP
- \fBMONTAGE: PAGE 110 = PAGE BLANCHE\fR
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- .RT
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