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Text File | 1991-12-12 | 91.7 KB | 3,652 lines |
- .rs
- .\" Troff code generated by TPS Convert from ITU Original Files
- .\" Not Copyright ( c) 1991
- .\"
- .\" Assumes tbl, eqn, MS macros, and lots of luck.
- .TA 1c 2c 3c 4c 5c 6c 7c 8c
- .ds CH
- .ds CF
- .EQ
- delim @@
- .EN
- .nr LL 40.5P
- .nr ll 40.5P
- .nr HM 3P
- .nr FM 6P
- .nr PO 4P
- .nr PD 9p
- .po 4P
-
- .rs
- \v | 5i'
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fBRecommendation G.708\fR
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fBNETWORK NODE INTERFACE FOR THE SYNCHRONOUS DIGITAL HIERARCHY\fR
- .EF '% Fascicle\ III.4\ \(em\ Rec.\ G.708''
- .OF '''Fascicle\ III.4\ \(em\ Rec.\ G.708 %'
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fI(Melbourne, 1988)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- The CCITT,
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fIconsidering\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- (a)
- that network node interface (NNI) specifications are
- necessary to enable interconnection of synchronous digital network elements
- for transport of payloads, including digital signals of the asynchronous
- hierarchy defined in Recommendation G.702;
- .PP
- (b)
- that Recommendation G.707 describes the advantages offered by a synchronous
- digital hierarchy and multiplexing method and specifies a set of synchronous
- digital hierarchy bit rates;
- .PP
- (c)
- that Recommendation G.709 specifies the multiplexing
- structures;
- .PP
- (d)
- that Recommendations G.707, G.708 and G.709 form a coherent set of specifications
- for the synchronous digital hierarchy and NNI;
- .PP
- (e)
- that Recommendation G.802 specifies the interworking
- between networks based on different asynchronous digital hierarchies and
- speech encoding laws,
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fIrecommends\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- that the frame structure for multiplexed digital signals at the
- network node interface of a synchronous digital network including ISDN
- should be as described in this Recommendation.
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB1\fR \fBLocation of NNI\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- Figure 1\(hy1/G.708 gives a possible network configuration to
- illustrate the location of the network node interface specified in this
- Recommendation.
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 21P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 1\(hy1/G.708, p. \fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB2\fR \fBBasic multiplexing principle and multiplexing elements\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.1
- \fIGeneral\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Frame structures and overheads in this Recommendation are mainly in the
- context of circuit mode connection types rather than asynchronous transfer
- mode (ATM). ATM based multiplexing principles are under study.
- .PP
- Figure 2\(hy1/G.708 shows the relationship between various multiplexing
- elements that are defined below, and illustrates possible multiplexing
- structures.
- .PP
- Figures 2\(hy2/G.708, 2\(hy3/G.708 and 2\(hy4/G.708 are examples of how
- various signals are multiplexed using these multiplexing elements.
- .PP
- The legends used in these figures are defined in\ \(sc\ 2.2.
- .PP
- Details of the multiplexing method and
- mappings
- are given in Recommendation\ G.709.
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ When signals at bit rates of the various multiplexing
- elements of the synchronous digital hierarchy (Recommendations\ G.707, G.708,
- G.709) are different from existing hierarchy levels in Recommen
- dation\ G.702, the signals are not required to be transported via digital
- networks which are in line with
- Recommendation\ G.702.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 2.2
- \fIDefinitions\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.2.1
- \fIContainer\fR , \fIC\(hyn (n = 1 to 4)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- This element is a defined unit of payload capacity which is
- dimensioned to carry any of the levels currently defined in Recommendation
- G.702 and may also provide capacity for transport of broadband signals which
- are not yet defined.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.2.2
- \fIVirtual container\fR , \fIVC\fR \fI\(hyn\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Two types of virtual containers have been identified:
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- \fIBasic virtual container, VC\(hyn (n = 1, 2)\fR
- .LP
- This element comprises a single C\(hy\fIn (n = 1, 2)\fR plus the
- basic virtual container path overhead (POH) appropriate to that level.
- .LP
- \(em
- \fIHigher order virtual container to VC\(hyn (n = 3, 4)\fR
- .LP
- This element comprises a single C\(hy\fIn (n = 3, 4)\fR , an assembly
- of tributary unit groups (TUG\(hy2s) or an assembly of TU\(hy3s, together
- with virtual container POH appropriate to that level.
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 17P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 2\(hy1/G.708, p. 2\ \ \
- A L'ITALIENNE\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 47P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 2\(hy2/G.708, p. 3\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 47P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 2\(hy3/G.708, p. 4\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 23P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 2\(hy4/G.708, p. 5\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.2.3
- \fITributary unit\fR \fITU\fR \fI\(hyn (n = 1 to 3)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- This element consists of a virtual container plus a tributary unit pointer.
- A tributary unit pointer indicates the phase alignment of the virtual container
- (VC\(hy\fIn\fR ) with respect to the POH of the next higher level virtual
- containers in which it resides. The tributary unit pointer location is fixed
- with respect to this higher level POH.
- .PP
- In certain applications (for example, synchronous mapping providing
- direct observability of 64 kbit/s channels) the basic virtual container
- has a fixed phase\(hyalignment with respect to the higher level virtual
- container. In
- this case, the basic virtual container (VC\(hy1) POH and TU\(hy1 pointer are
- null.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.2.4
- \fITributary unit group\fR , \fITUG\fR \fI\(hy2\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- This element consists of a homogeneous assembly of TU\(hy1s or a
- single TU\(hy2.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.2.5
- \fIAdministrative unit, AU\fR \fI\(hyn (n = 3, 4)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- This element consists of a VC\(hy\fIn\fR (\fIn\fR = 3, 4) plus an
- administrative unit pointer (AU\ PTR)
- . An administrative unit pointer indicates the phase alignment of the VC\(hy\fIn
- (n = 3, 4)\fR with respect to the
- STM\(hy1 frame. The administrative unit pointer location is fixed with
- respect to the STM\(hy1 frame.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.2.6
- \fISynchronous transport module level 1, STM\(hy1\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- This element is the basic building block of the synchronous
- digital hierarchy and it comprises either one AU\(hy4 or multiple AU\(hy3s,
- together with the section overhead (SOH).
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.2.7
- \fISynchronous transport module\fR \fIlevel N, STM\(hyN\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- This element defines the N\(hyth level of the synchronous\(hydigital
- hierarchy and contains N synchronously multiplexed STM\(hy1 signals.
- .PP
- The STM\(hyN\(hysignal can be obtained via single\(hyor multiple\(hystage
- multiplexing.
- .PP
- Values of N correspond to the synchronous digital hierarchy levels
- given in Recommendation\ G.707.
- .bp
- .RT
- .LP
- \fB3\fR \fBFrame structure\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 3.1
- \fILevel 1: 155 520 kbit/s (STM\(hy1)\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.1.1
- \fIBasic frame structure\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The STM\(hy1 frame structure is shown in Figure\ 3\(hy1/G.708. The three
- main areas of the STM\(hy1 frame are indicated:
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- section overhead;
- .LP
- \(em
- AU pointers;
- .LP
- \(em
- STM\(hy1 payload.
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 16P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 3\(hy1/G.708, p. \fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.1.2
- \fISection overhead\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Rows 1\(hy3 and 5\(hy9 of columns 1\(hy9 of the STM\(hy1 in Figure 3\(hy1/G.708
- are dedicated to the section overhead.
- .PP
- The allocation of section overhead capacity and functions is given in Figure
- 3\(hy4a/G.708. An explanation of the overhead functions is given
- in\ \(sc\ 5.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.1.3
- \fIAdministrative unit\fR \fI(AU) pointers\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Row 4 of columns 1\(hy9 and row 1\(hy3 of columns 11\(hy14 in Figure
- 3\(hy1/G.708 are available for AU pointers. The positions of the pointers
- of the AUs for different organizations of the STM\(hy1 payload are shown
- in Table
- 3\(hy1/G.708. The application of pointers and their detailed specifications are
- given in Recommendation\ G.709.
- .RT
- .ce
- \fBH.T. [T1.708]\fR
- .ce
- TABLE\ 3\(hy1/G.708
- .ce
- \fBPosition of AU pointers\fR
- .ps 9
- .vs 11
- .nr VS 11
- .nr PS 9
- .TS
- center box;
- cw(36p) | cw(108p) .
- AU Position of AU pointer
- _
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(108p) .
- 31 Areas A and B
- _
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(108p) .
- 32 Area A\fBs and B\fR
- _
- .T&
- cw(36p) | cw(108p) .
- \ 4 Area A\fBs and B\fR
- _
- .TE
- .nr PS 9
- .RT
- .ad r
- \fBTable 3\(hy1/G.708 [T1.708], p. \fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.1.4
- \fIAdministrative units\fR \fIin the STM\(hy1\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The STM\(hy1 payload can suppport the following types and numbers of administrative
- units:
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- one AU\(hy4; or three AU\(hy32s; or four AU\(hy31s.
- .PP
- The VC\(hy\fIn\fR associated with each AU\(hy\fIn\fR does not have a fixed
- phase with respect to the STM\(hy1 frame. The location of the first byte
- of the VC\(hy\fIn\fR is indicated by the AU\(hy\fIn\fR pointer. The AU\(hy\fIn\fR
- pointer is in a fixed location in the STM\(hy1 frame as illustrated in
- Figures\ 2\(hy2/G.708 to 2\(hy4/G.708 and
- 3\(hy1/G.708 to 3\(hy3/G.708.
- .PP
- The AU\(hy4 may be used to carry, via the VC\(hy4, three TU\(hy32s or four
- TU\(hy31s. This nested arrangement is illustrated in Figures 3\(hy2/G.708 and
- 3\(hy3/G.708.
- The VC\(hy3 associated with each TU\(hy3 does not have a fixed phase relationship
- with respect to the start of the VC\(hy4. The TU\(hy3 pointer is in a fixed
- location in the VC\(hy4 and the location of the first byte of the VC\(hy3
- is indicated by the TU\(hy3 pointer (illustrated in Figures 3\(hy2/G.708
- and 3\(hy3/G.708).
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 22P
- .ad r
- \fBFIGURE 3\(hy2/G.708,p .\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 17P
- .ad r
- \fBFIGURE 3\(hy3/G.708,p .\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.1.5
- \fIVC\(hy4 and VC\(hy3 path overheads\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The allocation of the VC\(hy4 and VC\(hy3 path overhead capacity and
- functions is given in Figure 3\(hy4/G.708. An explanation of the overhead
- functions is given in\ \(sc\ 5.
- .PP
- The position of the VC\(hy4 and VC\(hy3 path overhead is specified in
- Recommendation\ G.709.
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 26P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 3\(hy4/G.708, p. \fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.2
- \fILevel 4: 622 080 kbitB/Fs (STM\(hy4)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- This level is obtained by one\(hybyte interleaving of four STM\(hy1s as
- illustrated in Figure 3\(hy5/G.708.
- .PP
- The SOH of the STM\(hy1s shall be 125 s phase aligned prior to
- multiplexing such that the SOH of the resulting STM\(hy4 is contained in
- the first 36 columns. The AU pointer value(s) of each STM\(hy1 is/are adjusted
- to indicate the start of the VC(s) with respect to this new position of
- the AU pointer(s) which is fixed relative to the STM\(hy4 SOH.
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 10P
- .ad r
- \fBFIGURE 3\(hy5/G.708,p .\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB4\fR \fBInterconnection of STM\(hy1s\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- The synchronous digital hierarchy, specified in
- Recommendations\ G.707, G.708 and G.709, is designed to be universal, allowing
- transport of a large variety of signals including those specified in
- Recommendation\ G.702.
- .PP
- However, there are a number of options for structuring an STM\(hy1. This
- section provides guidelines for the interconnection of STM\(hy1s. Two general
- cases are considered:
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- Case 1: STM\(hy1s having the same structure (detailed
- in\ \(sc\ 4.1);
- .LP
- \(em
- Case 2: STM\(hy1s having different structures (detailed
- in\ \(sc\ 4.2).
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 4.1
- \fIInterconnection of STM\(hy1s having the same structure\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The interconnection unit used between STM\(hy1s is the VC associated with
- the AU. This arrangement is shown in row\ i) of Table 4\(hy1/G.708.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 4.2
- \fIInterconnection of STM\(hy1s having different structures\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- In the case of STM\(hy1s having different structures, the following
- guidelines should be used to facilitate interconnection by bilateral
- agreement or to resolve contention.
- .PP
- The method of interconnection between STM\(hy1s having different
- structures depends on whether the type of AU is different or whether the
- type of TUG is different. The cases are considered in three categories:
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- different types of AU\(hy3s carrying a C\(hy3 payload;
- .LP
- \(em
- different types of AU carrying the same type of TUG\(hy2;
- .LP
- \(em
- different types of TUG\(hy2s.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 4.2.1
- \fIDifferent types of AU\(hy3s carrying a C\(hy3 payload\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- For the interconnection of different types of AU\(hy3s carrying a C\(hy3
- payload, the C\(hy3 payload is transferred from the AU\(hy3 to a corresponding
- TU\(hy3. This TU\(hy3 is then assembled into a VC\(hy4 using the nested
- approach illustrated in Figure\ 3\(hy3/G.708. This arrangement is shown
- in row\ ii) of Table 4\(hy1/G.708, and is intended to facilitate the transit
- of C\(hy3 in a VC\(hy3 across a network
- which cannot support the associated AU\(hy3.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 4.2.2
- \fIDifferent types of AU carrying the same type of TUG\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- For the interconnection of a different type of AU carrying the same type
- of TUG\(hy2, the TUG\(hy2s are transferred between the dissimilar AUs.
- In the
- absence of bilateral agreement on an AU\(hy3 type, the AU\(hy4 shall be
- used. This
- arrangement is shown in row\ iii) of Table 4\(hy1/G.708.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 4.2.3
- \fIDifferent types of TUG\(hy2s\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- For the interconnection of different types of TUG\(hy2s, the TU\(hy1s are
- transferred from the TUG\(hy22 to the TUG\(hy21. The TUG\(hy21 is used
- as the
- interconnection unit. In the absence of bilateral agreement on an AU\(hy3 type,
- the TUG\(hy21s are directly assembled into a VC\(hy4. This arrangement
- is shown in
- row\ iv) of Table 4\(hy1/G.708.
- .PP
- The method of interconnection between an AU\(hy31 containing TUG\(hy21s
- and an AU\(hy31 containing TUG\(hy22s is for further study.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB5\fR \fBOverhead functions\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.1
- \fITypes of overhead\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Several types of overhead have been identified for application in the synchronous
- digital hierarchy. The types of overhead described below and
- their applications are shown in Figure\ 5\(hy1/G.708.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.1.1
- \fISection overhead\fR \fI(SOH)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Section overhead capacity is added to either an AU\(hy4 or an assembly
- of AU\(hy3s to create an STM\(hy1. The content always includes STM\(hy1
- framing. Content representing section performance monitoring and other
- maintenance and
- operational functions can be added or modified without disassembly of the
- STM\(hy1, as appropriate, for various configurations of elements (e.g.
- intermediate regenerator monitoring, protection switching
- control).
- .bp
- .RT
- .ce
- \fBH.T. [T2.708]\fR
- .ps 9
- .vs 11
- .nr VS 11
- .nr PS 9
- .TS
- center box;
- cw(342p) .
- TABLE\ 4\(hy1/G.708
- .T&
- cw(342p) .
- {
- \fBInterconnection of STM\(hy1s\fR
- }
- .TE
- .TS
- center box ;
- lw(12p) | cw(54p) | cw(66p) | cw(24p) sw(18p) | cw(72p) | cw(54p) | cw(42p) , ^ | ^ | ^ | c | c | ^ | ^ | ^ .
- STM\(hy1 structure A Conversion steps Interconnection Conversion steps STM\(hy1 structure B Parameters
- {
- STM\(hy1
- structure
- if needed
- } Intercon\(hy nection unit
- _
- .T&
- cw(12p) | lw(54p) | lw(66p) | lw(24p) | lw(18p) | lw(72p) | lw(54p) | lw(42p) .
- i) {
- AU\(hy\fIx\fR
- /C\(hy\fIx\fR
- or
- TUG\(hy2\fIp\fR
- } {
- AU\(hy\fIx\fR
- \(ra VC\(hy\fIx\fR
- } AU\(hy\fIx\fR VC\(hy\fIx\fR {
- VC\(hy\fIx\fR
- \(<- AU\(hy\fIx\fR
- } {
- AU\(hy\fIx\fR
- /C\(hy\fIx\fR
- or
- TUG\(hy2\fIp\fR
- } {
- \fIx\fR
- = 4, 32 or 31
- \fIp\fR
- = 1 or 2
- }
- _
- .T&
- cw(12p) | lw(54p) | lw(66p) | lw(24p) | lw(18p) | lw(72p) | lw(54p) | lw(42p) .
- ii) {
- AU\(hy3\fIx\fR
- /C\(hy3\fIx\fR
- } {
- AU\(hy3\fIx\fR
- \(ra VC\(hy3\fIx\fR
- \(ra TU\(hy3\fIx\fR
- \(ra
- \(ra VC 4
- } AU\(hy4 VC\(hy4 VC\(hy4 \(<- AU\(hy4 {
- AU\(hy4/TU\(hy3\fIx\fR
- /C\(hy3\fIx\fR
- } \fIx\fR = 1 or 2
- _
- .T&
- cw(12p) | lw(54p) | lw(66p) | lw(24p) | lw(18p) | lw(72p) | lw(54p) | lw(42p) .
- iii) {
- AU\(hy\fIx\fR
- /TUG\(hy2\fIp\fR
- } {
- AU\(hy\fIx\fR
- \(ra VC\(hy\fIx\fR
- \(ra TUG\(hy2\fIp\fR
- } {
- AU\(hy\fIy\fR
- | ua\d\u)\d
- } TUG\(hy2\fIp\fR {
- TUG\(hy2\fIp\fR
- \(<- VC\(hy\fIz\fR
- \(<- AU\(hy\fIz\fR
- } {
- AU\(hy\fIz\fR
- /TUG\(hy2\fIp\fR
- } {
- \fIx\fR
- = 4, 32 or 31
- \fIy\fR
- = 4, 32 or 31
- \fIz\fR
- = 4, 32 or 31; \fIz\fR
- \(!= \fIx\fR
- \fIp\fR
- = 1 or 2
- }
- _
- .T&
- cw(12p) | lw(54p) | lw(66p) | lw(24p) | lw(18p) | lw(72p) | lw(54p) | lw(42p) .
- iv) {
- AU\(hy\fIx\fR
- /TUG\(hy22/TU\(hy1\fIp\fR
- } {
- AU\(hy\fIx\fR
- \(ra VC\(hy\fIx\fR
- \(ra TUG\(hy21
- } {
- AU\(hy\fIy\fR
- | ua\d\u)\d
- } TUG\(hy21 {
- TUG\(hy21 \(<- TU\(hy1\fIp\fR
- \(<- TUG\(hy22 \(<-
- \(<- VC\(hy\fIz\fR
- \(<- AU\(hy\fIz\fR
- } {
- AU\(hy\fIz\fR
- /TUG\(hy22/TU\(hy1\fIp\fR
- } {
- \fIx\fR
- = 4, 32 or 31
- \fIy\fR
- = 4, 32 or 31
- \fIz\fR
- = 4 or 31; \fIz\fR
- \(!= \fIx\fR
- \fIp\fR
- = 1 or 2
- (see note)
- }
- .TE
- .LP/
- Item to the left is carrying item to the right.
- .IP \(ra
- Conversion \*QFrom \(ra To\*U (to arrive at the interconnection unit).
- .LP
- \ua\d\u)\d
- In the absence of a bilateral agreement on an AU\(hy3, an AU\(hy4
- should be used.
- .LP
- \fINote\fR
- \ \(em\ The case where \fIx\fR
- = 31 and \fIz\fR
- = 31 is for further study.
- .nr PS 9
- .RT
- .ad r
- \fBTableau 4\(hy1/G.708 [T2.708], p. 12\ \ \ A L'ITALIENNE\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.1.2
- \fIVirtual container path overhead\fR \fI(POH)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Virtual container path overhead provides for communication between the
- point of assembly of a virtual container and its point of disassembly.
- Two categories of virtual container path overhead have been identified:
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- \fIBasic virtual container path overhead\fR
- \fI(VC\(hy1, 2 POH)\fR
- .LP
- Basic virtual container POH is added to the container (C\(hy1, 2)
- when the VC\(hy1, 2 is created. Among the functions included in this overhead
- are virtual container path performance monitoring, signals for maintenance
- purposes and alarm status indications.
- .LP
- \(em
- \fIHigher order virtual container path overhead\fR
- \fI(VC\(hy3, 4 POH)\fR
- .LP
- VC\(hy3 POH is added to either an assembly of TUG\(hy2s or a C\(hy3 to
- form a VC\(hy3. VC\(hy4 POH is added to either an assembly of TU\(hy3s
- or a C\(hy4 to form a
- VC\(hy4. Among the functions included within this overhead are virtual
- container path performance monitoring, alarm status indications, signals
- for maintenance purposes and multiplex structure indications (VC\(hy3,4
- composition).
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 22P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 5\(hy1/G.708, p. \fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.2
- \fIOverhead descriptions\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The location of the various section and VC\(hy3, 4 path overhead bytes
- in the STM\(hy1 frame is illustrated in Figure 3\(hy4/G.708.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 5.2.1
- \fISOH byte descriptions\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.2.1.1
- \fIFraming: A1, A2\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Six bytes are dedicated to each STM\(hy1. The pattern shall be
- A1A1A1A2A2A2 (A1=11110110, A2=00101000). These bytes shall be provided
- in all STM\(hy1 signals within an STM\(hyN.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.2.1.2
- \fIData communication channel: D1\(hyD12\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Twelve bytes are allocated for section data communication. These
- bytes are defined only for STM\(hy1 No.\ 1 of an STM\(hyN signal.
- .bp
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.2.1.3
- \fISTM identifier: C1\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- This is a unique number assigned to an STM\(hy1 prior to it being
- multiplexed to a higher STM\(hyN level. Upon demultiplexing, this byte
- may be used to identify the position of any particular STM\(hy1 within
- the incoming STM\(hyN
- signal.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.2.1.4
- \fIOrderwire\fR : \fIE1, E2\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- These two bytes provide orderwire channels for voice communication. These
- bytes are defined only for STM\(hy1 No.\ 1 of an STM\(hyN signal.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.2.1.5
- \fIUser channel: F1\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- This byte is reserved for user purposes (e.g. network operators). This
- byte is defined only for STM\(hy1 No.\ 1 of an STM\(hyN signal.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.2.1.6
- \fIBIP\(hy8: B1\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- One byte is allocated in each STM\(hy1 for a bit error monitoring
- function of an elementary regenerator section. This function shall be a
- Bit Interleaved Parity 8 (BIP\(hy8) code
- using even parity. The BIP\(hy8 is computed over all bits of the previous
- STM\(hyN frame after scrambling and is placed in
- byte B1 before scrambling. (For details of the scrambling process, see
- Recommendation G.709.) The B1 byte shall be monitored and recomputed at
- every regenerator.
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ Bit Interleaved Parity\(hyN (BIP\(hyN) code is defined as a
- method of error monitoring. With even parity, an N bit code is generated
- by the transmitting equipment over a specified portion of the signal in
- such a manner that the first bit of the code provides even parity over
- the first bit of all N\(hybit sequences in the covered portion of the signal,
- the second bit provides even parity over the second bit of all N\(hybit
- sequences within the specified
- portion, etc. Even parity is generated by setting the BIP\(hyN bits so
- that there are an even number of 1s in each of all the N\(hybit sequences
- including the
- BIP\(hyN.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.2.1.7
- \fIBIP\(hy24: B2\fR x \fI3\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Three bytes are allocated in each STM\(hy1 for a bit error monitoring function
- of a section. This function shall be a Bit Interleaved Parity 24
- (BIP\(hy24) code using even parity. The BIP\(hy24 is computed over all
- bits of the
- previous STM\(hy1 frame except for the first three rows of section overhead (A1
- through D3) and is placed in bytes B2 before scrambling. This parity code is
- not recomputed at regenerators. These bytes shall be provided in all STM\(hy1
- signals within an STM\(hyN signal.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.2.1.8
- \fIAPS channel: K1, K2\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Two bytes are allocated for Automatic Protection Switching (APS) signalling.
- These bytes are defined only for STM\(hy1 No.\ 1 of an STM\(hyN
- signal.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.2.1.9
- \fISpare: Z1, Z2\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Six bytes are allocated for functions not yet defined. These
- bytes have no defined value. These bytes are reserved in all
- STM\(hy1s of an STM\(hyN.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 5.2.2
- \fIAU pointer descriptions\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.2.2.1
- \fIPointer value\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Two bytes are allocated for a pointer which indicates the offset in bytes
- between the pointer and the first byte of the associated virtual
- container POH. For a complete specification and location of these bytes, see
- Recommendation\ G.709.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.2.2.2
- \fIPointer action\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Three pointer action bytes are allocated in an AU\(hy4 for frequency justification
- purposes. One pointer action byte is allocated for AU\(hy3s and
- TU\(hy\fIn\fR s. For a complete specification of these bytes, refer to
- Recommendation\ G.709.
- .PP
- In the event of a negative justification, they carry valid
- information.
- .bp
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 5.2.3
- \fIVC\(hyn (n = 3, 4) POH byte descriptions\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.2.3.1
- \fIPath BIP\(hy8: B3\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- One byte is allocated in each virtual container for a path bit
- error monitoring function. This function shall be a BIP\(hy8 code using even
- parity. The BIP\(hy8 is computed over all bits of the previous container and
- is placed in the B3 byte.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.2.3.2
- \fIPath status: G1\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- One byte is allocated to return the VC\(hy\fIn\fR path terminating status
- performance information to the VC\(hy\fIn\fR path originating point.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.2.3.3
- \fISignal label: C2\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- One byte is allocated to indicate the composition of the VC\(hy\fIn\fR
- payload.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.2.3.4
- \fIVC\(hy\fR n \fIpath user channel: F2\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- One byte is allocated for user communication purposes.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.2.3.5
- \fIVC\(hy\fR n \fIpath trace\fR : \fIJ1\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- This byte is used at the VC\(hy\fIn\fR termination point to verify the
- VC\(hy\fIn\fR path connection.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.2.3.6
- \fISpare: Z3\(hyZ5\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Three bytes are allocated for as yet undefined purposes.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.2.3.7
- \fIMultiframe indicator: H4\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- This byte is allocated to provide a multiframe indication, when
- required.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB6\fR \fBPhysical specification of the NNI\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- Specification for physical, electrical or optical characteristics of the
- NNI will be contained in another Recommendation which is under
- study.
- \v'6p'
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fBRecommendation\ G.709\fR
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fBSYNCHRONOUS\ MULTIPLEXING\ STRUCTURE\fR
- .EF '% Fascicle\ III.4\ \(em\ Rec.\ G.709''
- .OF '''Fascicle\ III.4\ \(em\ Rec.\ G.709 %'
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fR \fI(Melbourne, 1988)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- The\ CCITT,
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fIconsidering\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- (a)
- that Recommendation\ G.707 describes the advantages
- offered by a synchronous digital hierarchy and multiplexing method and
- specifies a set of synchronous digital hierarchy bit rates;
- .PP
- (b)
- that Recommendation\ G.708 specifies
- .LP
- \(em
- the general principles and frame structure of the network
- node interface (NNI) for the synchronous digital hierarchy;
- .LP
- \(em
- the overall frame size of 9 rows \(mu 270 columns and section
- overhead (SOH) definition and its byte allocation;
- .LP
- \(em
- arrangements for international synchronous interconnection of STM\(hy1s;
- .PP
- (c)
- that Recommendations\ G.707, G.708 and G.709 form a coherent set of specifications
- for the synchronous digital hierarchy and NNI,
- .bp
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fIrecommends\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- that the formats for mapping multiplexing elements into the STM\(hy1 at
- the Network Node Interface (NNI) and the method of multiplexing to STM\(hyN
- shall be as described in this Recommendation.
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB1\fR \fBBasic multiplexing structure\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- Descriptions of the various multiplexing elements are given in
- Recommendation G.708.
- .PP
- The relationships between the various multiplexing elements are shown in
- Figure\ 1\(hy1/G.709. The detailed multiplexing
- structure is described in the
- following sections.
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 24P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 1\(hy1/G.709, p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- \fB2\fR \fBMapping formats and multiplexing method\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 2.1
- \fIMapping and multiplexing up to STM\(hy1\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.1.1
- \fIMapping of VC\(hy4 into AU\(hy4\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The STM\(hy1 mapping format for transporting one VC\(hy4 in an AU\(hy4 is
- shown in Figure\ 2\(hy1/G.709. The VC\(hy4 consists of a 9\(hyrow by 261\(hycolumn
- payload structure; the first column of the VC\(hy4 is devoted to path overhead
- (POH). The payload of the VC\(hy4 shown in Figure\ 2\(hy1/G.709 is a single
- C\(hy4. Other possible VC\(hy4 payloads include a single 139 | 64\ kbit/s
- signal in a C\(hy4, four VC\(hy31s
- (shown in Figure\ 2\(hy2/G.709 and carried in four TU\(hy31s), three VC\(hy32s
- (shown in Figure\ 2\(hy3/G.709 and carried in three TU\(hy32s), and a group
- of either 21 TUG\(hy21s or 16 TUG\(hy22s (shown in Figure\ 2\(hy4/G.709).
- .PP
- The STM\(hy1 format shown in Figure 2\(hy1/G.709 consists of an AU\(hy4 plus
- section overhead (SOH). The VC\(hy4 does not have a fixed phase with respect to
- the AU\(hy4 (and the STM\(hy1); therefore, the location of the first byte
- of the VC\(hy4 with respect to the AU\(hy4 frame is given by the AU\(hy4
- pointer. Note that the
- AU\(hy4, including the AU\(hy4 pointer, has a fixed location in the STM\(hy1
- frame.
- .bp
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 24P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 2\(hy1/G.709, p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.1.2
- \fIMapping of four VC\(hy31s into AU\(hy4\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The STM\(hy1 mapping format for transporting four VC\(hy31s in an AU\(hy4
- is shown in Figure\ 2\(hy2/G.709. Each TU\(hy31 consists of a 9\(hyrow
- by 64\(hycolumn payload structure plus six bytes of POH plus a three\(hybyte
- TU\(hy31 pointer. The payload of the VC\(hy31 shown in Figure\ 2\(hy22/G.709
- is a single C\(hy31. Other possible VC\(hy31
- payloads include a single 34 | 68\ kbit/s signal in a C\(hy31 (shown in
- Figure\ 5\(hy10/G.709) or a group of either five TUG\(hy21s or four TUG\(hy22s
- (shown in Figure\ 2\(hy5/G.709).
- .PP
- The four VC\(hy31s are carried independently in the 261\(hycolumn VC\(hy4.
- Each of the VC\(hy31s does not have a fixed phase with respect to the start
- of the
- VC\(hy4. Therefore, the location of the first byte of each VC\(hy31 with
- respect to the VC\(hy4 POH is given by a 3\(hybyte TU\(hy31 pointer (H1,
- H2, H3). These four TU\(hy31 pointers reside in a fixed location in the
- VC\(hy4 as shown in Figure\ 2\(hy2/G.709.
- .PP
- As described in \(sc 2.1.1, the phase of the VC\(hy4 with respect to the
- AU\(hy4 is given by the AU\(hy4 pointer.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.1.3
- \fIMapping of three VC\(hy32s into AU\(hy4\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The STM\(hy1 mapping format for transporting three VC\(hy32s in an AU\(hy4
- is shown in Figure\ 2\(hy3/G.709. Each TU\(hy32 consists of a 9\(hyrow
- by 84\(hycolumn
- payload structure plus one column of POH and one 3\(hybyte TU\(hy32 pointer.
- The
- payload of the VC\(hy32 shown in Figure\ 2\(hy3/G.709 is a single C\(hy32.
- Other possible VC\(hy32 payloads include a single 44 | 36\ kbitB/Fs signal
- in a C\(hy32 or a group of
- seven TUG\(hy21s (shown in Figure\ 2\(hy5/G.709).
- .PP
- The three VC\(hy32s are carried independently in the 261\(hycolumn VC\(hy4.
- Each of the VC\(hy32s does not have a fixed phase with respect to the start
- of the VC\(hy4. Therefore, the location of the first byte of each VC\(hy32
- with respect to the VC\(hy4 POH is given by a 3\(hybyte TU\(hy32 pointer
- (H1, H2, H3). These three TU\(hy32 pointers reside in a fixed location
- in the VC\(hy4 as shown in Figure\ 2\(hy3/G.709; 36 fixed stuff bytes are
- also required in the VC\(hy4.
- .PP
- As described in \(sc\ 2.1.1, the phase of the VC\(hy4 with respect to the
- AU\(hy4 is given by the AU\(hy4 pointer.
- .bp
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 24P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 2\(hy2/G.709, p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 25P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 2\(hy3/G.709, p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.1.4
- \fIMapping of TUG\(hy2s into AU\(hy4\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The STM\(hy1 mapping format transporting TUG\(hy21s and TUG\(hy22s into
- an AU\(hy4 is shown in Figure\ 2\(hy4/G.709. The AU\(hy4 can carry a group
- of either 21
- TUG\(hy21s or 16 TUG\(hy22s.
- .PP
- The TUG\(hy21 payload structure has 9 rows and 12 columns. When used to
- transport TUG\(hy21s, the VC\(hy4 consists of one column of VC\(hy4 POH,
- eight columns of fixed stuff, and a remaining 252\(hycolumn payload structure.
- The 21 TUG\(hy21s
- are mapped into this 9\(hyrow by 252\(hycolumn structure using a fixed
- phase with
- respect to the VC\(hy4. The TUG\(hy21s are single byte interleaved as shown in
- Figure\ 2\(hy4/G.709.
- .PP
- The TUG\(hy22 payload structure has 9 rows and 16 columns. The VC\(hy4
- consists of one column of VC\(hy4 POH, four columns of fixed stuff and
- 256\ payload columns when used to carry the 16 TUG\(hy22s. The TUG\(hy22s
- are single byte
- interleaved into the 9\(hyrow by 256\(hycolumn structure.
- .PP
- As described in \(sc\ 2.1.1, the phase of the VC\(hy4 with respect to the
- AU\(hy4 is given by the AU\(hy4 pointer.
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 31P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 2\(hy4/G.709, p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.1.5
- \fIMapping of four AU\(hy31s into STM\(hy1\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The STM\(hy1 mapping format for transporting four VC\(hy31s within four
- AU\(hy31s is shown in Figure\ 2\(hy6/G.709. A VC\(hy31 is defined to be
- a 9\(hyrow by
- 64\(hycolumn payload structure, plus six bytes of POH, located in row 1 to 6 of
- the first column, according to the figure.
- .PP
- Each AU\(hy31 pointer has a fixed phase with respect to the STM\(hy1 frame.
- As shown in Figure\ 2\(hy6/G.709, the four AU\(hy31 pointers are located
- in columns 11 to 14, rows\ 1 to 3 of the STM\(hy1, one pointer in each
- column. Columns 11 to 270 of the STM\(hy1 are divided between each of the
- AU\(hy31s; thus, each AU\(hy31 occupies alternately every fourth column.
- .bp
- .PP
- The phase of each VC\(hy31 is not fixed with respect to its AU\(hy31.
- Therefore, the location of the first byte of each VC\(hy31 with respect to the
- AU\(hy31 frame is given by AU\(hy31 pointer (H1, H2, H3). The payload of
- the VC\(hy31
- shown in Figure\ 2\(hy6/G.709 is a single C\(hy31. Other possible VC\(hy31
- payloads
- include a single 34 368\ kbit/s signal in a C\(hy31 and a group of five
- TUG\(hy21s or four TUG\(hy22s (shown in Figure\ 2\(hy5/G.709).
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 24P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 2\(hy5/G.709, p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 22P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 2\(hy6/G.709, p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.1.6
- \fIMapping of three AU\(hy32s into STM\(hy1\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The STM\(hy1 mapping format for transporting three VC\(hy32s within three
- AU\(hy32s is shown in Figure\ 2\(hy7/G.709. A VC\(hy32 is defined to be
- a 9\(hyrow by
- 85\(hycolumn payload structure, with the first column consisting of VC\(hy32
- POH.
- When mapped into its AU\(hy32, two columns of fixed stuff are added to
- each VC\(hy32 payload to make it equal the AU\(hy32 payload capacity. These
- two fixed stuff
- columns are fixed with respect to the VC\(hy32 POH and are inserted between
- columns 29 and 30, and between columns 57 and 58 of the VC\(hy32.
- .PP
- Each AU\(hy32 pointer has a fixed phase with respect to the STM\(hy1 frame.
- As shown in Figure\ 2\(hy7/G.709, the three AU\(hy32 pointers are located
- in the
- fourth row of the first nine columns of the STM\(hy1 frame, between the
- bytes of the SOH. The remaining 261 columns of the STM\(hy1 are divided
- between each of the AU\(hy32s; thus, each AU\(hy32 occupies alternately
- every third column of the 261.
- AU\(hy32 number one consists of three bytes of AU\(hy32 pointer, plus STM\(hy1
- columns 10, 13, 16, | | | where columns 1 through 9 contain the SOH
- and the AU\(hy32
- pointers.
- .PP
- The phase of each VC\(hy32 (plus fixed stuff columns) is not fixed with
- respect to its AU\(hy32. Therefore, the locations of the first byte of
- each VC\(hy32 with respect to the AU\(hy32 frame is given by the AU\(hy32
- pointer (H1, H2, H3). The payload of the VC\(hy32 shown in Figure\ 2\(hy7/G.709
- is a single C\(hy32. Other possible VC\(hy32 payloads include a single
- 44 | 36\ kbitB/Fs signal into a C\(hy32 (shown in
- Figure\ 5\(hy8/G.709) and a group of seven TUG\(hy21s (shown in
- Figure\ 2\(hy5/G.709).
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 25P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 2\(hy7/G.709, p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.1.7
- \fIMapping of TUGs into a VC\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Figure 2\(hy5/G.709 shows the schematic mapping of TUG\(hy2s into a VC\(hy3.
- The details of these mappings are given in \(sc\ 5; this section presents
- the
- general multiplexing principles involved.
- .PP
- The VC\(hy31 consists of six bytes of VC\(hy31 POH plus a 9\(hyrow by 64\(hycolumn
- payload structure. This payload structure can be used to carry five TUG\(hy21s
- or four TUG\(hy22s. The individual TUG\(hy2 has a fixed location in the
- VC\(hy31 frame;
- this is shown schematically in Figure\ 2\(hy5/G.709.
- .PP
- The VC\(hy32 consists of nine bytes of VC\(hy32 POH plus a 9\(hyrow by
- 84\(hycolumn payload structure. This payload structure can be used to carry
- seven TUG\(hy21s. Again, the individual TUG\(hy21 has a fixed location
- in the
- VC\(hy32 frame.
- .bp
- .PP
- Each TUG\(hy21 can carry a single VC\(hy21 or four VC\(hy11s or three VC\(hy12s.
- Each TUG\(hy22 can carry a single VC\(hy22 or four VC\(hy12s or five VC\(hy11s.
- The VCs do not have a fixed phase with respect to the VC\(hy3 POH; TU pointers
- are used to
- indicate the position of the VCs in the TUG frame.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 2.2
- \fISTM\(hyN multiplexing\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.2.1
- \fISTM\(hyN frame format\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The STM\(hyN signal is formed by single byte interleaving N STM\(hy1
- signals. The STM\(hyN frame structure is depicted in Figure\ 2\(hy8/G.709.
- .PP
- The first byte of the STM\(hyN signal shall be the first A1 framing byte
- from STM\(hy1\ No.\ 1 followed sequentially by the first A1 byte from STM\(hy1\
- No.\ 2
- through No.\ N. The first bit to be transmitted shall be the most significant
- bit of the first A1 framing byte from STM\(hy1\ No.\ 1.
- .PP
- Before byte interleaving STM\(hy1 signals to form an STM\(hyN signal, all
- of the SOH and the AU\(hy\fIn\fR (\fIn\fR \ =\ 3 or 4) pointers in the
- signals to be interleaved must be 125 \(*ms\ frame aligned. The alignment
- is accomplished by adjusting the
- values of the AU\(hy\fIn\fR pointers to reflect the new relative positions
- of the
- VC\(hy\fIn\fR s.
- .PP
- Note that is is permitted to mix STM\(hy1s containing AU\(hy3s and
- STM\(hy1s containing AU\(hy4s in the same STM\(hyN.
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 22P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 2\(hy8/G.709, p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.2.2
- \fISTM\(hyN interleaving\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- If an STM\(hyN level signal is input to a byte interleaver with STM\(hyM
- level output (M\ >\ N), N bytes of each STM\(hyN are consecutively placed
- on the
- output STM\(hyM signal. This method of interleaving is illustrated in
- Figure\ 2\(hy9/G.709 where STM\(hyX, STM\(hyY and STM\(hyZ (X\ +\ Y\ +\
- Z\ =\ M) inputs are
- sequentially interleaved to form an STM\(hyM output.
- .bp
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 15P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 2\(hy9/G.709, p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.2.3
- \fIConcatenated STM\(hy1s\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- STM\(hy1 signals can be concatenated together to form an STM\(hyNc which
- can transport payloads requiring greater than one C\(hy4 capacity. A concatenation
- indication, used to show that this multi\(hyC\(hy4 payload carried in a
- single
- VC\(hy4\(hyNc should be kept together, is contained in the AU\(hy4 pointer.
- See \(sc\ 3.4
- for details.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 2.3
- \fIMaintenance signals\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.3.1
- \fISection maintenance signals\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The section alarm indication signal (AIS) is detected as an all 1s in bits\
- 6, 7, 8 of byte\ K2 after descrambling.
- .PP
- Far end receive failure (FERF) is to return an indication to the
- transmitting STM\(hyN MUX that the receiving STM\(hyN MUX has detected
- an incoming
- section failure or is receiving section AIS.
- .PP
- FERF is detected by a 110 code in bit positions 6, 7 and 8 of the
- K2\ APS byte after descrambling.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.3.2
- \fIPath maintenance signals\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The VC\(hy\fIn\fR (\fIn\fR = 3, 4) unequipped indication is an all 0s VC\(hy\fIn\fR
- path signal label after descrambling. This code indicates to VC\(hy\fIn\fR
- terminating equipment that the VC\(hyn is intentionally unoccupied so that
- alarms can be
- inhibited. This code is generated as an all 0s VC\(hy\fIn\fR path signal
- label and a valid VC\(hyn path BIP\(hy8 (byte\ B3); the VC\(hy\fIn\fR payload
- is unspecified.
- .PP
- An alarm indication signal (AIS) is a signal sent downstream as an
- indication that an upstream failure has been detected and an alarm generated.
- The TU\(hy\fIn\fR (\fIn\fR \ =\ 1, 2, 3) path AIS is specified as all 1s
- in the entire
- TU\(hy\fIn\fR , including the TU\(hy\fIn\fR pointer. Similarly, the AU\(hy\fIn\fR
- (\fIn\fR \ =\ 3, 4) path AIS is specified as all 1s in the entire AU\(hy\fIn\fR
- , including the AU\(hy\fIn\fR
- pointer. All path AISs are carried within STM\(hyN signals having valid SOH.
- .PP
- The
- path status byte (G1)
- is used to convey the terminating
- path status and performance to the originator of a VC\(hy\fIn\fR (\fIn\fR
- \ =\ 3 or 4).
- Bits\ 1 through 4 convey the count of errors detected using the path BIP\(hy8
- code. This code has nine legal values, 0\(hy8. The remaining seven possible
- values should be interpreted as zero errors.
- .bp
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.4
- \fITiming recovery\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The STM\(hyN (N \(>=" 1) signal must have sufficient bit timing content
- at the NNI. A suitable bit pattern, which prevents a long sequence of 1s
- and 0s, is provided by using a scrambler. Its operation shall be functionally
- identical to that of a frame synchronous scrambler of sequence length 127
- operating at
- the line rate.
- .PP
- The generating polynomial shall be 1 + \fIx\fR \u6\d + \fIx\fR \u7\d.
- Figure\ 2\(hy10/G.709 gives a functional diagram of the frame synchronous
- scrambler.
- .PP
- The scrambler shall be reset to 1111111 on the most significant bit of
- the byte following the last byte of the first row of the STM\(hyN SOH.
- (This is
- the most significant bit of the 9\ \(mu\ N\ +\ 1 transmitted byte of the
- STM\(hyN; see
- Figure\ 2\(hy8/G.709.) This bit, and all subsequent bits to be scrambled,
- shall be added modulo\ 2 to the output from the \fIx\fR \u7\d position
- of the scrambler. The
- scrambler shall run continuously throughout the complete STM\(hyN frame.
- .PP
- The first row of the STM\(hyN SOH (9 \(mu N bytes, including the A1 and
- A2 framing bytes) shall not be scrambled.
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ Care should be taken in selecting the binary content
- of the bytes reserved for national use and which are excluded from the
- scrambling
- process of the STM\(hyN signal, to ensure that long sequences of 1s or
- 0s do not occur.
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 12P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 2\(hy10/G.709, p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 2.5
- \fIConceptual steps for STM\(hyN assembly\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- For a better understanding of the detailed structure of the STM\(hyN frame
- shown in Figure\ 2\(hy8/G.709, the conceptual steps required to assemble
- the STM\(hyN frames in the direct (non\(hynested) arrangement are listed:
- .RT
- .LP
- 1)
- Each VC\(hy\fIn\fR (\fIn\fR = 3 or 4) has either six or nine bytes
- devoted to path overhead (POH) functions. Of these, the BIP\(hy8 error
- check byte (B3) is calculated over the entire contents of the VC\(hy\fIn\fR
- and the result is
- placed in the B3\ byte of the following frame.
- .LP
- If it is appropriate, the VC\(hy\fIn\fR unequipped signal
- consisting of an all 0s pattern for the VC\(hy\fIn\fR is inserted. (See
- \(sc\ 2.3.)
- .LP
- 2)
- After all of the required VC\(hy\fIn\fR s have been assembled,
- AU\(hy\fIn\fR pointer values are calculated so as to frame align all of
- the AU\(hy\fIn\fR s
- within a single STM\(hyN frame.
- .LP
- If the contents of the VC\(hy\fIn\fR are lost due to an equipment or
- other failure, the AU\(hy\fIn\fR path AIS signal is inserted into the AU\(hy\fIn\fR
- . The
- AU\(hy\fIn\fR path AIS is defined in \(sc\ 2.3.
- .LP
- 3)
- The SOH bytes are then added to the STM\(hyN frame. It is
- convenient to consider the last five rows of the SOH first. Of the N\ \(mu\
- 45 such SOH bytes, N\ \(mu\ 9 are allocated to the N\ \(mu\ 3\ B2, N\ \(mu\
- 3\ Z1 and N\ \(mu\ 3\ Z2\ bytes.
- Thus, each STM\(hy1 has a full complement\ (3) of these bytes in the STM\(hyN.
- The
- remaining STM\(hyN SOH bytes in the last five rows (K1 and K2, D4\(hyD12
- and E2) are limited to the first STM\(hy1 in any STM\(hyN signal. The content
- of the unused SOH bytes of STM\(hy1\ No.\ 2 through No.\ N are for national
- use.
- .LP
- 4)
- The N \(mu 3 B2 bytes of an STM\(hyN contain a bit interleaved
- parity N\ \(mu\ 24 (BIP\(hyN\ \(mu\ 24) code using even parity which is
- calculated across
- the entire previous STM\(hyN frame excluding the first three rows of SOH.
- .LP
- 5)
- A line signal failure would result in the insertion of a
- section\ AIS at this point in the assembly of an STM\(hyN (see \(sc\ 2.3).
- .bp
- .LP
- 6)
- The remaining bytes of SOH contained in the first three rows (27\ \(mu\
- N\ bytes) of the STM\(hyN are added next. Of these, the B1, E1, F1, D1\(hyD3
- bytes are present only in STM\(hy1\ No.\ 1 of any STM\(hyN signal. The
- content of the unused SOH bytes of STM\(hy1\ No.\ 2 through No.\ N are
- for national use.
- .LP
- 7)
- The STM\(hy1s are then byte interleaved to form an STM\(hyN, as
- described in \(sc\ 2.2.2, and subsequently serialized and scrambled as
- described in \(sc\ 2.4.
- .LP
- 8)
- The final operation is the calculation of a BIP\(hy8 code over the entire
- STM\(hyN bit stream on a frame\(hyby\(hyframe basis. The result is loaded
- into byte B1 of STM\(hy1\ No.\ 1 in the following frame when the SOH is
- loaded.
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB3\fR \fBPointer\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.1
- \fIAU pointer\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The AU pointer provides a method of allowing flexible and dynamic alignment
- of the VC within the AU frame.
- .PP
- Dynamic alignment means that the VC is allowed to \*Qfloat\*U within the
- AU frame. Thus the pointer is able to accommodate differences not only
- in the phases of the VC and SOH, but in the frame rates as well.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.1.1
- \fIAU pointer location\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The AU\(hy4 pointer is contained in bytes H1, H2 and H3 as shown in
- Figure\ 3\(hy1/G.709. The three individual AU\(hy32 pointers are contained
- in three
- separate H1, H2 and H3 bytes as shown in Figure\ 3\(hy2/G.709. Likewise
- the four
- individual AU\(hy31 pointers are contained in four separate H1, H2 and
- H3 bytes as shown in Figure\ 3\(hy3/G.709.
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 29P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 3\(hy1/G.709, p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 26P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 3\(hy2/G.709, p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 24P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 3\(hy3/G.709, p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.1.2
- \fIAU pointer value\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The pointer contained in H1 and H2 designates the location of the bytes
- where the VC begins. The two bytes allocated to the pointer function can
- be viewed as one word as shown in Figure\ 3\(hy4/G.709. The last 10\ bits
- (bits\ 7\(hy16) of the pointer word carry the pointer value. The two S\
- bits (bits\ 5 and 6) indicate the AU type.
- .PP
- As illustrated in Figure 3\(hy4/G.709, the AU\(hy4 pointer value is a binary
- number with a range of 0 to 782 which indicates the offset between the
- pointer and the first byte of the VC. As shown in Figure 3\(hy1/G.709,
- the H1 and H2\ bytes contain the pointer value while the position which
- the pointer indicates is the very first byte of the consecutive three bytes.
- Figure\ 3\(hy4/G.709 also
- indicates two additional valid pointers: the concatenation indication (CI)
- and the null pointer indication (NPI). The CI is indicated by 1001 in
- bits\ 1\(hy4, with bits 5\(hy6 unspecified, and ten 1s in bits\ 7\(hy16.
- The NPI is
- indicated by 1001 in bits\ 1\(hy4, with bits 5\(hy6 unspecified, and five 1s in
- bits\ 7\(hy11 followed by five 0s in bits\ 12\(hy16.
- .PP
- As illustrated in Figure 3\(hy4/G.709, the AU\(hy32 pointer value is also
- a binary number with a range of 0 to 782. Since there are three AU\(hy32s
- in the
- STM\(hy1, each AU\(hy32 has its own associated H1, H2 and H3 bytes. In
- Figure\ 3\(hy2/G.709, the H\ bytes are shown in sequence. The first H1,
- H2, H3 set refers to the first AU\(hy32, and the second set to the second
- AU\(hy32, and so on. The same is true for the information bytes. For the
- AU\(hy32s, each pointer
- operates independently.
- .PP
- Likewise, as illustrated in Figure 3\(hy4/G.709, the AU\(hy31 pointer value
- is a binary number with a range of 0 to 581. Since there are four AU\(hy31s
- in the STM\(hy1, each AU\(hy31 has its own associated H1, H2 and H3 bytes.
- In
- Figure\ 3\(hy3/G.709, the H\ bytes are shown in sequence. The first H1,
- H2, H3 set refers to the first AU\(hy31, the second set to the second AU\(hy31,
- and so on. The same is true for the information bytes. For the AU\(hy31s,
- each pointer operates independently.
- .PP
- In all cases, the STM\(hy1 SOH and AU pointer bytes are not counted in
- the offset. For example, in an AU\(hy4, the pointer value of 0 indicates
- that the VC starts in the byte location that immediately follows the last
- H3 byte,
- whereas an offset of 87 indicates that the VC starts three bytes after
- the K2 byte.
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 7P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 3\(hy4/G.709, p. 28\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 16P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 3\(hy4/G.709 [T2.709], p. 28\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.1.3
- \fIFrequency justification\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- If there is a frequency offset between the frame rate of the SOH
- and that of the VC, then the pointer value will be incremented or decremented
- as needed, accompanied by a corresponding positive or negative justification
- byte or bytes. Consecutive pointer operations must be separated by at least
- three frames (i.e.\ every fourth frame) in which the pointer value remains
- constant.
- .PP
- If the frame rate of the VC is too slow with respect to that of the
- SOH, then the alignment of the VC must periodically slip back in time and
- the pointer value must be incremented by one. This operation is indicated
- by
- inverting bits\ 7, 9, 11, 13 and 15 (
- I\(hybits
- ) of the pointer word to
- allow 5\(hybit majority voting at the receiver. Three positive justification
- bytes appear immediately after the last H3 byte in the AU\(hy4 frame containing
- inverted I\(hybits. Subsequent pointers will contain the new offset. This
- is illustrated
- in Figure\ 3\(hy5/G.709.
- .PP
- For AU\(hy32 frames, a positive justification byte appears immediately
- after the associated H3 byte of the individual AU\(hy32 frame containing
- inverted I\(hybits. Subsequent pointers will contain the new offset. This
- is illustrated in Figure\ 3\(hy6/G.709. The same is true for AU\(hy31 as
- shown in Figure\ 3\(hy7/G.709.
- .PP
- If the frame rate of the VC is too fast with respect to that of the
- SOH, then the alignment of the VC must periodically be advanced in time
- and the pointer value must be decremented by one. This operation is indicated
- by
- inverting bits\ 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 (
- D\(hybits
- ) of the pointer word to
- allow 5\(hybit majority voting at the receiver. Three negative justification
- bytes appear in the H3 bytes in the AU\(hy4 frame containing inverted D\(hybits.
- Subsequent pointers will contain the new offset. This is illustrated in
- Figure\ 3\(hy8/G.709.
- .PP
- For AU\(hy32 frames, a negative justification byte appears in the H3 byte
- of the individual AU\(hy32 frame containing inverted D\(hybits. Subsequent
- pointers will contain the new offset. This is illustrated in Figure\ 3\(hy9/G.709.
- The same is true for AU\(hy31 as shown in Figure\ 3\(hy10/G.709.
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 30P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 3\(hy5/G.709, p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 47P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 3\(hy6/G.709, p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 47P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 3\(hy7/G.709, p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 47P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 3\(hy8/G.709, p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 47P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 3\(hy9/G.709, p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 47P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 3\(hy10/G.709, p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.1.4
- \fINew data flag\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Bits 1\(hy4 (N\(hybits) of the pointer word carry a new data flag (NDF)
- which allows an arbitrary change of the pointer value if that change is
- due to a change in the payload.
- .PP
- Four bits are allocated to the flag to allow error correction. The
- decoding may be performed by accepting NDF enabled if at least three bits
- match. Normal operation is indicated by a 0110 code in the N\(hybits. NDF is
- indicated by inversion of the N\(hybits to 1001. The new alignment is indicated
- by the pointer value accompanying the NDF and takes effect at the offset
- indicated. NDF should be enabled when the pointer value transits between its
- normal value and the CI or NPI.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.1.5
- \fIPointer generation\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The following summarizes the rules for generating the AU
- pointers.
- .RT
- .LP
- 1)
- During normal operation, the pointer locates the start of
- the VC within the AU frame. The NDF is set to 0110.
- .LP
- 2)
- The pointer value can only be changed by rules\ 3, 4 or 5.
- .LP
- 3)
- If a positive justification is required, the current pointer value is
- sent with the I\(hybits inverted and the subsequent positive
- justification opportunity is filled with dummy information. Subsequent
- pointers contain the previous pointer value incremented by one. No subsequent
- increment or decrement operation is allowed for at least three frames following
- this
- operation.
- .LP
- 4)
- If a negative justification is required, the current pointer value is
- sent with the D\(hybits inverted and the subsequent negative
- justification opportunity is overwritten with actual data. Subsequent pointers
- contain the previous pointer value decremented by one. No subsequent increment
- or decrement operation is allowed for at least three frames following this
- operation.
- .LP
- 5)
- If the alignment of the VC changes for any reason other than rules\ 3
- or 4, the new pointer value shall be sent accompanied by NDF set to
- 1001. The NDF only appears in the first frame that contains the new values.
- The new location of the VC begins at the first occurrence of the offset
- indicated by the new pointer. No subsequent increment or decrement operation
- is allowed for at least three frames following this operation.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.1.6
- \fIPointer interpretation\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The following summarizes the rules for interpreting the AU
- pointers.
- .RT
- .LP
- 1)
- During normal operation, the pointer locates the start of
- the VC within the AU frame.
- .LP
- 2)
- Any variation from the current pointer value is ignored
- unless a consistent new value is received three times consecutively or it is
- preceded by one of rules\ 3, 4 or 5.
- .LP
- 3)
- If the majority of the I\(hybits of the pointer word are
- inverted, a positive justification operation is indicated. Subsequent pointer
- values shall be incremented by one.
- .LP
- 4)
- If the majority of the D\(hybits of the pointer word are
- inverted, a negative justification operation is indicated. Subsequent pointer
- values shall be decremented by one.
- .LP
- 5)
- If the NDF is set to 1001, then the coincident pointer value shall replace
- the current one at the offset indicated by the new pointer value regardless
- of the state of the receiver.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.2
- \fITU\(hy3 pointers\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- There are two types of TU\(hy3 pointers: TU\(hy31 and TU\(hy32. The TU\(hy3
- pointer provides a method of allowing flexible and dynamic alignment of VC\(hy3
- within the TU\(hy3 frame, independent of the actual contents of the VC. Dynamic
- alignment means that the VC\(hy3 is allowed to \*Qfloat\*U within the TU\(hy3
- frame.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.2.1
- \fITU\(hy3 pointer location\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Three individual TU\(hy32 pointers are contained in the three separate
- H1, H2 and H3 bytes as shown in Figure\ 3\(hy11/G.709. Four individual
- TU\(hy31
- pointers are contained in the four separate H1, H2 and H3 bytes as shown in
- Figure\ 3\(hy12/G.709.
- .bp
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.2.2
- \fITU\(hy3 pointer value\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The TU\(hy3 pointer value contained in H1 and H2 designates the
- location of the byte where the VC\(hy3 begins. The two bytes allocated to the
- pointer function can be viewed as one word as shown in Figure\ 3\(hy4/G.709.
- The
- last ten bits (bits\ 7\(hy16) of the pointer word carry the pointer value.
- The two S bits (bits\ 5 and 6) indicate the TU type.
- .PP
- The TU\(hy32 pointer value is a binary number with a range of 0\(hy764
- which indicates the offset between the pointer and the first byte of the
- VC\(hy32 as
- shown in Figure\ 3\(hy11/G.709.
- .PP
- The TU\(hy31 pointer value is a binary number with a range of 0\(hy581
- which indicates the offset between the pointer and the first byte of the
- VC\(hy31 as
- shown in Figure\ 3\(hy12/G.709.
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 21P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 3\(hy11/G.709, p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 21P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 3\(hy12/G.709, p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.2.3
- \fIFrequency justification\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- If there is a frequency offset between the TU\(hy3 frame rate and that
- of the VC\(hy3, then the pointer value will be incremented or decremented
- as
- needed accompanied by a corresponding positive or negative justification
- byte. Consecutive pointer operations must be separated by at least three
- frames in
- which the pointer value remains constant.
- .PP
- If the frame rate of the VC\(hy3 is too slow with respect to that of the
- TU\(hy3 frame rate, then the alignment of the VC must periodically slip
- back in
- time and the pointer must be incremented by one. This operation is indicated
- by inverting bits\ 7, 9, 11, 13 and 15 (I\(hybits) of the pointer word to allow
- 5\(hybit majority voting at the receiver. A positive justification byte appears
- immediately after the individual H3 byte in the TU\(hy3 frame containing
- inverted I\(hybits. Subsequent TU\(hy3 pointers will contain the new offset.
- .PP
- If the frame rate of the VC\(hy3 is too fast with respect to that of the
- TU\(hy3 frame rate, then the alignment of the VC must be periodically advanced
- in time and the pointer must be decremented by one. This operation is indicated
- by inverting bits\ 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 (D\(hybits) of the pointer word
- to allow
- 5\(hybit majority voting at the receiver. A negative justification byte
- appears in the individual H3 byte in the TU\(hy3 frame containing inverted
- D\(hybits. Subsequent TU\(hy3 pointers will contain the new offset.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.2.4
- \fINew data flag\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Bits 1\(hy4 (N\(hybits) of the pointer word carry a NDF which allows an
- arbitrary change of the value of the pointer if that change is due to a
- change in the VC\(hy3.
- .PP
- Four bits are allocated to the flag to allow for error correction. The
- decoding may be performed by accepting NDF enabled if at least three bits
- match. Normal operation is indicted by a 0110 code in the N\(hybits; NDF is
- indicated by inversion of the N\(hybits to 1001. The new alignment is indicated
- by the pointer value accompanying the NDF and takes effect at the offset
- indicated.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.2.5
- \fIPointer generation\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The following summarizes the rules for generating the TU\(hy3
- pointers.
- .RT
- .LP
- 1)
- During normal operation, the pointer locates the start of
- the VC\(hy3 within the TU\(hy3 frame. The NDF is set to 0110.
- .LP
- 2)
- The pointer value can only be changed by rules\ 3, 4 or 5.
- .LP
- 3)
- If a positive justification is required, the current pointer value is
- sent with the I\(hybits inverted and the subsequent positive
- justification opportunity is filled with dummy information. Subsequent
- pointers contain the previous pointer value incremented by one. No subsequent
- increment or decrement operation is allowed for at least three frames following
- this
- operation.
- .LP
- 4)
- If a negative justification is required, the current pointer value is
- sent with the D\(hybits inverted and the subsequent negative
- justification opportunity is overwritten with actual data. Subsequent pointers
- contain the previous pointer value decremented by one. No subsequent increment
- or decrement operation is allowed for at least three frames following this
- operation.
- .LP
- 5)
- If the alignment of the VC changes for any reason other than rules\ 3
- or 4, the new pointer value shall be sent accompanied by the NDF set to
- 1001. The NDF only appears in the first frame that contains the new value.
- The new VC location begins at the first occurrence of the offset indicated
- by the new pointer. No subsequent increment or decrement operation is allowed
- for at least three frames following this operation.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.2.6
- \fIPointer interpretation\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The following summarizes the rules for interpreting the TU\(hy3
- pointers.
- .RT
- .LP
- 1)
- During normal operation the pointer locates the start of the VC\(hy3
- within the TU\(hy3 frame.
- .LP
- 2)
- Any variation from the current pointer value is ignored
- unless a consistent new value is received three times consecutively or it is
- preceded by one of rules\ 3, 4 or 5.
- .LP
- 3)
- If the majority of the I\(hybits of the pointer word are
- inverted, a positive justification is indicated. Subsequent pointer values
- shall be incremented by one.
- .bp
- .LP
- 4)
- If the majority of the D\(hybits of the pointer word are
- inverted, a negative justification is indicated. Subsequent pointer values
- shall be decremented by one.
- .LP
- 5)
- If the NDF is set to 1001, then the coincident pointer value shall replace
- the current one at the offset indicated by the new pointer value regardless
- of the state of the receiver.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.3
- \fITU\(hy1/TU\(hy2 pointers\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The TU\(hy1 pointer is only used with floating mapping. Floating and locked
- modes of operation are described in \(sc\ 5.2.
- .PP
- The TU\(hy1 and TU\(hy2 pointers provide a method of allowing flexible
- and dynamic alignment of the VC\(hy1/VC\(hy2 within the TU\(hy1 and TU\(hy2
- multiframes,
- independent of the actual contents of the VC.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.3.1
- \fITU\(hy1/TU\(hy2 pointer location\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The TU\(hy1/TU\(hy2 pointers are contained in the V1 and V2 bytes as
- illustrated in Figure\ 3\(hy13/G.709.
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 37P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 3\(hy13/G.709, p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.3.2
- \fITU\(hy1/TU\(hy2 pointer value\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The TU pointer word is shown in Figure 3\(hy14/G.709.
- .PP
- The pointer value (bits 7\(hy16) is a binary number which indicates the
- offset from V2 to the first byte of the VC\(hy1/VC\(hy2. The range of the
- offset is different for each of the TU sizes as illustrated in Figure\(hy3\(hy15/G.709.
- Note
- that the pointer bytes are not counted in the offset calculation.
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 47P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 3\(hy14/G.709, p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 47P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 2\(hy15/G.709, p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.3.3
- \fITU\(hy1/TU\(hy2 multiframe indication byte\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- TU\(hy1/TU\(hy2 multiframe indication byte (H4) relates to the lowest
- level of multiplexing structure and indicates a variety of different
- multiframes for use by certain payloads. Specifically it provides:
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- 500 \(*ms (4\(hyframe) multiframe identifying frames containing
- TU\(hy1/TU\(hy2 pointers in the floating TU\(hy1/TU\(hy2 mode, and reserved
- byte locations in the locked TU\(hy1 mode;
- .LP
- \(em
- 2\ ms (16\(hyframe) multiframe for byte synchronous
- out\(hyslot\(hysignalling for 2048 kbitB/Fs payloads in the locked TU\(hy1
- mode;
- .LP
- \(em
- 3 ms (24\(hyframe) multiframe for byte synchronous
- out\(hyslot\(hysignalling for 1544 kbitB/Fs payloads in the locked TU\(hy1
- mode.
- .PP
- The coding of the H4 byte is illustrated in Figures\ 3\(hy16/G.709 to 3\(hy18/G.709.
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 41P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 3\(hy16/G.709, p. 40\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 47P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 3\(hy17/G.709 [T3.709], p. 41\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 15P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 3\(hy18/G.709 [T4.709], p. 42\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .PP
- For network elements that operate only in the floating TU\(hy1/TU\(hy2
- mode, a simplified multiframe alignment byte may be used. The simplified
- version
- provides only the 500 \(*ms multiframe. The 2 or 3\ ms multiframe of any
- signalling within floating TU\(hy1s is indicated by per\(hyTU multiframe
- indicators carried
- within the TU\(hy1. Figure\ 3\(hy13/G.709 shows the VC\(hy1/VC\(hy2 mapping
- in the
- multiframed TU\(hy1/TU\(hy2.
- .PP
- A converter from locked to floating TUs is permitted to pass H4
- through transparently. A converter from floating to locked TUs must recover
- and align the multiframes from all of the floating TUs, and thus can transmit
- any convenient full multiframe on the locked TU side.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.3.4
- \fITU\(hy1/TU\(hy2 frequency justification\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The TU\(hy1/TU\(hy2 pointer is used to frequency justify the VC\(hy1/VC\(hy2
- exactly the same way that the TU\(hy3 pointer is used to frequency justify the
- VC\(hy3. A positive justification opportunity immediately follows the V3\ byte.
- .PP
- Additionally, V3 serves as the negative justification opportunity such that
- when the opportunity is taken, V3 is overwritten by data. This is also shown
- in Figure\ 3\(hy15/G.709. The indication of whether or not a justification
- opportunity has been taken is provided by the I\(hy and D\(hybits of the
- pointer in the current TU multiframe. The value contained in V3 when not
- being used for a negative justification is not defined. The receiver is
- required to ignore the value contained in V3 whenever it is not used as
- negative justification.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.3.5
- \fITU\(hy1/TU\(hy2 sizes\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Bits 5 and 6 of TU\(hy1/TU\(hy2 pointer indicate the size of the TU.
- Four sizes are currently provided as shown in Table\ 3\(hy1/G.709.
- .RT
- .ce
- \fBH.T. [T1.709]\fR
- .ce
- TABLE\ 3\(hy1/G.709
- .ps 9
- .vs 11
- .nr VS 11
- .nr PS 9
- .TS
- center box;
- cw(60p) | cw(60p) | cw(60p) .
- Size (binary) Designation {
- TU pointer range
- (in 500 \(*ms)
- }
- _
- .T&
- cw(60p) | cw(60p) | cw(60p) .
- 01 TU\(hy22 0 \*`a 571
- .T&
- cw(60p) | cw(60p) | cw(60p) .
- 00 TU\(hy21 0 \*`a 427
- .T&
- cw(60p) | cw(60p) | cw(60p) .
- 10 TU\(hy12 0 \*`a 139
- .T&
- cw(60p) | cw(60p) | cw(60p) .
- 11 TU\(hy11 0 \*`a 103
- _
- .TE
- .nr PS 9
- .RT
- .ad r
- \fBTable 3\(hy1/G.709 [T1.709], p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .PP
- Note that this technique is only used at the TU\(hy1/TU\(hy2
- levels.
- .bp
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.3.6
- \fINew data flag (NDF)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Bits 1\(hy4 (N\(hybits) of the pointer word carry an NDF. It is the
- mechanism which allows an arbitrary change of the value of a pointer, and
- possibly also the size of the TU, if that change is due to a change in the
- payload. If the change includes a change in size then, implicitly, there
- must be a simultaneous new data transition in all of the TUs in the TUG\(hy21.
- .PP
- As with the TU\(hy3 pointer NDF, the normal value is 0110 (transmitted),
- and the value 1001 (received exactly) indicates a new alignment for the
- VC, and possibly a new size. If a new size is indicated, then all TU pointers
- (1 to 4) in the TUG\(hy21 must simultaneously indicate NDF with the same
- new size. The new alignment, and possibly size, is indicated by the pointer
- value and size value accompanying the NDF and takes effect at the offset
- indicated. The NDF should be enabled when the pointer value transits between
- its normal value and the
- concatenation indication (CI).
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.3.7
- \fITU concatenation\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- TU\(hy2s may be concatenated to form a TU\(hy2\(hymc (concatenated m \(mu
- TU\(hy2s) to carry payloads requiring a capacity of more than a C\(hy21
- (for the
- TU\(hy21 case) or C\(hy22 (for the TU\(hy22 case). A CI (1001 in bits\
- 1\(hy4, bits\ 5\(hy6
- unspecified, and all 1s in bits\ 7\(hy16 of the TU\(hy2 pointer) is used
- to show that this multi\(hyC\(hy2 payload, carried in a single VC\(hy2\(hymc
- (concatenated m\ \(mu\ VC\(hy2),
- must be kept together.
- .PP
- Note that the TU\(hy2 is carried in a TUG\(hy2 as shown in Figure 5\(hy4/G.709
- and Figure\ 5\(hy5/G.709.
- .PP
- If a TU\(hy2 pointer contains the concatenation indication, then the
- pointer processor determines that this TU\(hy2 is concatenated to the previous
- TU\(hy2, and all operations indicated by the previous TU\(hy2 pointer are to be
- performed on this TU\(hy2 as well.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.3.8
- \fITU pointer generation and interpretation\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The rules for generating and interpreting the TU\(hy1/TU\(hy2 pointer for
- the VC\(hy1/VC\(hy2 are an extension to the rules provided in \(sc\(sc\
- 3.2.5 and 3.2.6 for the TU\(hy3 pointer with the following modifications:
- .RT
- .LP
- 1)
- The term TU\(hy3 is replaced with TU\(hy1/TU\(hy2 and the term VC\(hy3
- is replaced with VC\(hy1/VC\(hy2.
- .LP
- 2)
- Additional pointer generation rule 6: If the size of the TU within a
- TUG\(hy21 is to change, then an NDF, as described in rule\ 5, is to be
- sent in all TUs of the new size in the group simultaneously.
- .LP
- 3)
- Additional pointer interpretation rule 6: If an NDF of 1001 and an arbitrary
- new size of TU are received simultaneously in all of the TUs within a TUG\(hy21,
- then the coincident pointers and sizes shall replace the
- current ones immediately.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.4
- \fIPointer operation for STM\(hy1 concatenation\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- A concatenation indication contained in the AU\(hy4 pointer is used
- to show that the STM\(hy1 is part of an STM\(hyNc.
- .PP
- The AU\(hy4 within the first STM\(hy1 of an STM\(hyNc shall have a normal
- range of pointer values. All subsequent AU\(hy4s within the grouped STM\(hyNc
- shall have
- their pointer values set to 1001 in bits\ 1\(hy4, bits\ 5\(hy6 unspecified,
- and all 1s in bits\ 7\(hy16. Since this value does not indicate a valid
- offset, the pointer
- processors shall interpret this value to mean that they shall perform the
- same operations as performed on the first AU\(hy4 of the grouped STM\(hyNc.
- The NDF must be set when changing a pointer to/from the concatenation value.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.4.1
- \fIPointer generation\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The following additional pointer generation rule shall apply for
- AU\(hy4 pointers:
- .PP
- If an STM\(hyNc signal is being transmitted, a pointer is generated for
- the AU\(hy4 within the first STM\(hy1 only. The concatenation indication
- is generated in place of the other pointers; all operations indicated by
- the AU\(hy4 pointer in the first STM\(hy1 apply to each STM\(hy1 in the
- STM\(hyNc.
- .bp
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.4.2
- \fIPointer interpretation\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The following additional pointer interpretation rule shall apply
- for AU\(hy4 pointers:
- .PP
- If the pointer contains the concatenation indication, then the
- operations performed on the STM\(hy1 are identical to those performed on
- the first STM\(hy1 within the STM\(hyNc. Rules\ 3 and 4 of \(sc\ 3.1.6
- do not apply to this
- pointer.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB4\fR \fBPath overhead\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 4.1
- \fIVC\(hy1/VC\(hy2 path overhead\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The first byte in the VC\(hy1/VC\(hy2 pointed to by the TU\(hy1/TU\(hy2
- pointer is the VC\(hy1/VC\(hy2 path overhead byte. This byte is designated
- as V5.
- .PP
- This byte provides the functions of error checking, signal, label and path
- status of the VC\(hy1/VC\(hy2 paths. The bit assignments of the VC\(hy1/VC\(hy2
- POH
- are specified in the following paragraphs and are illustrated in
- Figure\ 4\(hy1/G.709.
- .PP
- V5 is used only in floating mode VC\(hy1/VC\(hy2s and is designated as an
- R\(hybyte in locked mode VC\(hy1/VC\(hy2s. Floating mode and locked mode
- operation is
- described in \(sc\ 5.8.
- .PP
- Bits 1 and 2 are used for error performance monitoring. A bit
- interleaved parity (BIP) scheme is specified. Bit 1 is set such that parity
- of all odd number bits (1, 3, 5 and 7) in all bytes in the previous VC\(hy1/VC\(hy2
- is even and bit\ 2 is set similarly for the even number bits (2, 4, 6 and
- 8).
- Note that the calculation of the BIP\(hy2 includes the VC\(hy1/VC\(hy2
- POH bytes but
- excludes the TU\(hy1/TU\(hy2 pointers.
- .PP
- Bit 3 is a VC\(hy1B/FVC\(hy2 path far\(hyend\(hyblock\(hyerror (FEBE) indication
- that is set to 1 and sent back towards a VC\(hy1/VC\(hy2 path originator
- if one or more
- errors were detected by the BIP\(hy2, and is otherwise set to\ 0.
- .PP
- Bit 4 is unused (X). The receiver is required to ignore the value of this
- bit.
- .PP
- Bits\ 5 through 7 provide a VC\(hy1/VC\(hy2 signal label. Eight binary
- values are possible in these three bits. Value\ 0 indicates \*QVC\(hy1/VC\(hy2
- path
- unequipped\*U, and value\ 1 indicates \*QVC\(hy1/VC\(hy2 path equipped
- \(em\ non\(hyspecific
- payload\*U. The remaining six values are reserved to be defined as required in
- specific VC\(hy1/VC\(hy2 mappings. Any value received, other than 0, indicates
- an
- equipped VC\(hy1/VC\(hy2 path.
- .PP
- Bit 8 is a VC\(hy1/VC\(hy2 path remote alarm indication. This bit is set
- to a 1 if either a TU\(hy1/TU\(hy2 path alarm indication signal (AIS) or
- a signal
- failure condition is being received, otherwise it is set to\ 0. The VC\(hy1/VC\(hy2
- path remote alarm indication is sent back by the VC\(hy1/VC\(hy2 assembler.
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 16P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 4\(hy1/G.709, p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 4.2
- \fIVC\(hy3/VC\(hy4 path overhead\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The VC\(hy3/VC\(hy4 POH will be assigned to and remain with the payload
- until the payload is demultiplexed and will be used for functions that
- are
- necessary in transporting all VC\(hy3/VC\(hy4. Note that this does not
- preclude the allocation of other overhead in specific mappings (such as
- justification
- control for mapping asynchronous 44 | 36\ kbit/s signals). That type of
- overhead is payload specific whereas the POH defined in this section is
- payload
- independent.
- .PP
- The VC\(hy4/VC\(hy32 POH consists of nine bytes denoted J1, B2, C2, G1,
- F2, H4, Z1\(hyZ3. The VC\(hy31 POH consists of six bytes denoted J1, B3,
- C2, G1, G2,
- H4.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 4.2.1
- \fIVC\(hy3/VC\(hy4 path trace (J1)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- This is the first byte in the VC; its location is indicated by the associated
- AU/TU pointer. This byte is used to repetitively transmit a 64\ byte, fixed
- length string so that a path receiving terminal can verify its continued
- connection to the intended transmitter. The content of the message is not
- constrained by this standard since it is assumed to be user programmable at
- both transmit and receive ends.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 4.2.2
- \fIPath BIP\(hy8 (B3)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- One byte is allocated in each VC\(hy3 or VC\(hy4 for a path error
- monitoring function. This function shall be a BIP\(hy8 code using even
- parity. The path BIP\(hy8 is calculated over all bits of the previous VC\(hy3
- or VC\(hy4 before
- scrambling. The computed BIP\(hy8 is placed in the B3 byte of the VC\(hy3
- or VC\(hy4
- before scrambling.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 4.2.3
- \fISignal label (C2)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- One byte is allocated to indicate the composition of the VC\(hy3/VC\(hy4.
- Of the 256 possible binary values, two are defined here and the remaining
- 254 values are reserved to be defined as required in specific VC\(hy3/VC\(hy4
- mappings.
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- Value 0 indicates \*QVC\(hy3/VC\(hy4 path unequipped\*U. This value
- shall be originated if the section is complete but there is no VC\(hy3/VC\(hy4
- path originating equipment.
- .LP
- \(em
- Value 1 indicates \*QVC\(hy3/VC\(hy4 path equipped \(em\ non\(hyspecific
- payload\*U. This value can be used for all payloads that need no further
- differentiation, or that achieve differentiation by other means such as
- messages from an operations system.
- .PP
- Note that any value received, other than value 0, constitutes an \*Uequipped\*U
- condition.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 4.2.4
- \fIPath status (G1)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- One byte is allocated to convey back to a VC\(hy3/VC\(hy4 path originator
- the path terminating status and performance. This feature permits the status
- and performance of the complete duplex path to be monitored at either end,
- or at any point along that path. As illustrated in Figure\ 4\(hy2/G.709,
- bits\ 1
- through 4 convey the count of interleaved\(hybit blocks that have been
- detected in error by the path BIP\(hy8 code\ (B3). This count has nine
- legal values, namely 0\(hy8 errors. The remaining seven possible values
- represented by these four bits can only result from some unrelated condition
- and shall be interpreted as zero
- errors. VC\(hy3/VC\(hy4 path remote alarm indication is sent back by the
- VC\(hy3/VC\(hy4
- assembler whenever the VC\(hy3/VC\(hy4 assembler is not receiving a valid
- signal. The VC\(hy3/VC\(hy4 path remote alarm indication is bit\ 5, which
- is set to one to
- indicate VC\(hy3/VC\(hy4 path remote alarm and is otherwise set to zero.
- The specific received conditions under which VC\(hy3/VC\(hy4 path remote
- alarm is initiated are
- path AIS, signal failure conditions or path tracer mismatch. Bits\ 6, 7 and\ 8
- are not used.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 4.2.5
- \fIPath user channel (F2)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- One byte is allocated for user communication purposes between path elements.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 4.2.6
- \fIMultiframe indicator (H4)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- This byte provides a generalized multiframe indicator for payloads. Currently,
- this indicator is only used for TUG\(hystructured payloads as described
- in \(sc\ 3.3.3.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 4.2.7
- \fISpare (Z3\(hyZ5)\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Three bytes are allocated for future, as yet undefined, purposes. These
- bytes have no defined value. The receiver is required to ignore the value
- contained in these bytes.
- .bp
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 13P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 4\(hy2/G.709, p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB5\fR \fBMapping of tributaries into VCs\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- Accommodation of asynchronous and synchronous tributaries presently defined
- in Recommendation\ G.702 shall be possible. At the TU\(hy1/TU\(hy2 level,
- asynchronous accommodation utilizes only the floating mode, whereas synchronous
- accommodation utilizes both the locked and the floating mode.
- .PP
- Figure 5\(hy1/G.709 shows TU\(hy1 and TU\(hy2 sizes and formats.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 5.1
- \fIMapping of tributaries into VC\(hy4\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.1.1
- \fIAsynchronous 139 | 64 kbit/s\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- One 139 | 64 kbit/s signal can be mapped into a VC\(hy4 container of an
- STM\(hy1 frame as shown in Figures\ 5\(hy2/G.709 and 5\(hy3/G.709.
- .PP
- The VC\(hy4 container consists of nine bytes (1 column) path overhead
- (POH) plus a 9\ row by 260\ column payload structure as shown in
- Figure\ 5\(hy2/G.709.
- .PP
- This payload can be used to carry one 139 | 64 kbit/s signal:
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- Each of the nine rows is partitioned into 20 blocks,
- consisting of 13\ bytes each (Figure\ 5\(hy2/G.709).
- .LP
- \(em
- In each row one justification opportunity (S) bit and five
- justification control (C)\ bits are provided (Figure\ 5\(hy3/G.709).
- .LP
- \(em
- The first byte of one
- block consists of:
- .LP
- i)
- eight information (I) bits (byte W), or
- .LP
- ii)
- eight fixed stuff (R) bits (byte Y), or
- .LP
- iii)
- one justification control (C) bits, plus five fixed fixed stuff (R)\
- bits, plus two overhead (O)\ bits (byte\ X), or
- .LP
- iv)
- six information (I) bits, plus one justification
- opportunity (S)\ bit, plus one fixed stuff (R)\ bit, (byte\ Z).
- .LP
- \(em
- The last 12 bytes of one block consists of information
- bits\ (I).
- .PP
- The sequence of all these bytes is shown in Figure\ 5\(hy3/G.709.
- .PP
- The overhead (O) bits are reserved for further overhead communication purposes.
- .PP
- The set of five justification control (C) bits in every row is
- used to control the corresponding justification opportunity (S)\ bit.
- C\ C\ C\ C\ C\ =\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0 indicates that the S bit is an information
- bit, whereas C\ C\ C\ C\ C\ =\ 1\ 1\ 1\ 1\ 1 indicates that the S bit is
- a justification bit.
- Majority vote should be used to make the justification decision in the
- desynchronizer for protection against single and double bit errors in the
- C\ bits.
- .PP
- The value contained in the S bit when used as justification bit is not
- defined. The receiver is required to ignore the value contained in this
- bit
- whenever it is used as a justification bit.
- .bp
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 47P
- .ad r
- \fBFigura 5\(hy1/G.709, p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 22P
- .ad r
- \fBFigura 5\(hy2/G.709, p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 27P
- .ad r
- \fBFigura 5\(hy3/G.709, p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.1.2
- \fITUG\(hy22\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Sixteen TUG\(hy22s can be mapped into a VC\(hy4. This is illustrated in
- three\(hydimensional form in\ a) of Figure\ 5\(hy4/G.709 and in linear
- form in\ b) of
- Figure\ 5\(hy4/G.709.
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 47P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 5\(hy4/G.709, p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.1.3
- \fITUG\(hy21\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Twenty\(hyone TUG\(hy21s can be mapped into a VC\(hy4. This is shown in
- three\(hydimensional form in\ a) of Figure\ 5\(hy5/G.709 and in linear
- form in\ b) of
- Figure\ 5\(hy5/G.709.
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 47P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 5\(hy5/G.709, p. 50\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.1.4
- \fITU\(hy32\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Three TU\(hy32s can be mapped into a VC\(hy4. This is illustrated in
- Figure\ 5\(hy6/G.709.
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 22P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 5\(hy6/G.709, p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.1.5
- \fITU\(hy31\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Four TU\(hy31s can be mapped into a VC\(hy4. This is illustrated in
- Figure\ 5\(hy7/G.709.
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 22P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 5\(hy7/G.709, p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 5.2
- \fIMapping of tributaries into VC\(hy32\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.2.1
- \fIAsynchronous 44 | 36 kbit/s\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- One 44 | 36 kbit/s signal can be mapped into a VC\(hy32, as shown in
- Figure\ 5\(hy8/G.709.
- .PP
- The VC\(hy32 consists of nine subframes every 125 \(*ms. Each subframe
- consists of one byte of VC\(hy3 POH, 621 data bits, a set of five justification
- control bits, one justification opportunity bit and two overhead communication
- channel bits. The remaining bits are fixed stuff (R)\ bits. The O\ bits
- are
- reserved for future overhead communication purposes.
- .PP
- The set of five justification control (C) bits is used to control the justification
- opportunity (S)\ bit. C\ C\ C\ C\ C\ =\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0 indicates that the
- S\ bit is a data bit, whereas C\ C\ C\ C\ C\ =\ 1\ 1\ 1\ 1\ 1 indicates
- that S\ bit is a
- justification bit. Majority vote should be used to make the justification
- decision in the desynchronizer for protection against single and double bit
- errors in the C\ bits.
- .PP
- The value contained in the S bit when used as justification bits is
- not defined. The receiver is required to ignore the value contained in
- this bit whenever it is used as a justification bit.
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 39P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 5\(hy8/709, p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.2.2
- \fITUG\(hy21\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Seven TUG\(hy21s can be mapped into a VC\(hy32. This is illustrated in
- Figure\ 5\(hy9/G.709. The figure also illustrates the formation of the
- TUG\(hy21 from TU\(hy11, TU\(hy12 and TU\(hy21.
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 30P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 5\(hy9/G.709, p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 5.3
- \fIMapping of tributaries into VC\(hy31\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.3.1
- \fIAsynchronous 34 | 68 kbit/s\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- One 34 | 68 kbit/s signal can be mapped into a VC\(hy31 as shown in
- Figure\ 5\(hy10/G.709.
- .PP
- In addition to the VC\(hy31 POH, the VC\(hy31 consists of a payload of
- 9\ \(mu\ 64\ bytes every 125\ \(*ms. This payload is divided in three subframes,
- each
- subframe divided in 12\ sectors and consisting of:
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- 1431 information (I) bits.
- .LP
- \(em
- two sets of five justification control bits (C\d1\u, C\d2\u).
- .LP
- \(em
- two justification opportunity bits (S\d1\u, S\d2\u).
- .LP
- \(em
- 93 fixed stuff bits (R).
- .PP
- Two sets (C\d1\u, C\d2\u) of five justification control bits are
- used to control the two justification opportunity bits\ S\d1\uand S\d2\urespectively.
- .PP
- C\d1\uC\d1\uC\d1\uC\d1\uC\d1\u= 0 0 0 0 0 indicates that S\d1\uis a
- data bit while C\d1\uC\d1\uC\d1\uC\d1\uC\d1\u\ =\ 1 1 1 1 1 indicates that
- S\d1\uis a justification bit. C\d2\u\ bits control S\d2\uin the same way.
- Majority vote should be used to make the justification decision in the
- desynchronizer for
- protection against single and double bit errors in the C\ bits.
- .bp
- .PP
- The value contained in S\d1\uand S\d2\uwhen they are justification
- bits is not defined. The receiver is required to ignore the value contained
- in these bits whenever they are used as justification bits.
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ The same mapping could be used for bit or byte synchronous
- 34 | 68\ kbit/s. In these cases, S\d1\u\ bit should be a fixed stuff and the
- S\d2\u\ bit an information bit. By setting the C\d1\u\ bits to\ 1 and the
- C\d2\u\ bits to\ 0, a common desynchronizer could be used for both asynchronous
- and
- synchronous 34 | 68\ kbit/s.
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 24P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 5\(hy10/G.709, p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.3.2
- \fITUG\(hy22\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Four TUG\(hy22s can be mapped into a VC\(hy31. This is illustrated in
- Figure\ 5\(hy11/G.709. The figure also illustrates the formation of the
- TUG\(hy22 from TU\(hy11, TU\(hy12 and TU\(hy22.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.3.3
- \fITUG\(hy21\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Five TUG\(hy21s can be mapped into a VC\(hy31. This is illustrated in
- Figure\ 5\(hy12/G.709. The figure also illustrates the formation of the
- TUG\(hy21 from TU\(hy11, TU\(hy12 and TU\(hy21.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 5.4
- \fIMapping of tributaries into VC\(hy22\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.4.1
- \fIAsynchronous 8448 kbit/s\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- One 8448 kbit/s signal can be mapped into a VC\(hy22.
- Figure\ 5\(hy13/G.709 shows this over a period of 500\ \(*ms.
- .PP
- In addition to the VC\(hy22 POH, the VC\(hy22 consists of:
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- 4220 information (I) bits.
- .LP
- \(em
- 24 justification control bits (C\d1\u, C\d2\u).
- .LP
- \(em
- eight justification opportunity bits (S\d1\u, S\d2\u).
- .LP
- \(em
- 316 fixed stuff (R) bits.
- .bp
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 26P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 5\(hy11/G.709, p. 56\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 21P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 5\(hy12/G.709, p. 57\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .PP
- Two sets (C\d1\u, C\d2\u) of three justification control bits are
- used to control the two justification opportunity bits\ S\d1\uand\ S\d2\urespectively.
- .PP
- C\d1\uC\d1\uC\d1\u= 0 0 0 indicates that S\d1\uis a data bit while
- C\d1\uC\d1\uC\d1\u\ =\ 1 1 1 indicates that S1 is a justification bit.
- C\d2\u\ bits control S\d2\uin the same way. Majority vote should be used
- to make the
- justification decision in the desynchronizer for protection against single
- bit error in the C\ bits.
- .PP
- The value contained in S\d1\uand S\d2\uwhen they are justification
- bits is not defined. The receiver is required to ignore the value contained
- in these bits whenever they are used as justification bits.
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 35P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 5\(hy13/G.709, p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.4.2
- \fISynchronous 8448 kbit/s\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- One bit or byte synchronous 8448 kbitB/Fs signal can be mapped into a VC\(hy22.
- Figure\ 5\(hy14/G.709 shows this over a period of 500\ \(*ms.
- .PP
- \fINote\fR \ \(em\ A common desynchronizer can be used for both asynchronous
- and synchronous mappings.
- .bp
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 28P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 5\(hy14/G.709, p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 5.5
- \fIMapping of tributaries into VC\(hy21\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.5.1
- \fIAsynchronous 6312 kbit/s\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- One 6312 kbit/s signal can be mapped into a VC\(hy21.
- Figure\ 5\(hy15/G.709 shows this over a period of 500\ \(*ms.
- .PP
- In addition to the VC\(hy2 POH, the VC\(hy21 consists of 3152 data bits,
- 24 justification control bits, eight justification opportunity bits and
- 32\ overhead communication channel bits. The remaining bits are fixed stuff\
- (R). The O\ bits are reserved for future overhead communication purposes.
- .PP
- Two sets (C\d1\u, C\d2\u) of three justification control bits are used
- to control the two justification opportunities S\d1\uand S\d2\urespectively.
- C\d1\uC\d1\uC\d1\u\ =\ 0 0 0 indicates that S\d1\uis a data bit while
- .PP
- C\d1\uC\d1\uC\d1\u\ =\ 1 1 1 indicates that S\d1\uis a justification bit.
- C\d2\ucontrols S\d2\uin the same way. Majority vote should be used to make
- the justification decision in the desynchronizer for protection against
- single bit errors in the C\ bits.
- .PP
- The value contained in S\d1\uand S\d2\uwhen they are justification
- bits is not defined. The receiver is required to ignore the value contained
- in these bits whenever they are used as justification bits.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.5.2
- \fIBit synchronous 6312 kbit/s\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The bit synchronous mapping for 6312 kbit/s tributary is shown in Figure\
- 5\(hy16/G.709.
- .PP
- Note that a common desynchronizer can be used for both asynchronous
- and bit synchronous mapping.
- .bp
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 25P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 5\(hy15/G.709, p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 25P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 5\(hy16/G.709, p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.5.3
- \fIByte synchronous 6312 kbit/s\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Under study.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 5.6
- \fIMapping of tributaries into VC\(hy12\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.6.1
- \fIAsynchronous 2048 kbit/s\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- One 2048 kbit/s signal can be mapped into a VC\(hy12.
- Figure\ 5\(hy17/G.709 shows this over a period of 500\ \(*ms.
- .PP
- In addition to the VC\(hy1 POH, the VC\(hy12 consists of 1023 data bits,
- six justification control bits, two justification bits and eight overhead
- communication channel bits. The remaining bits are fixed stuff (R)\ bits. The
- O\ bits are reserved for future overhead communication purposes.
- .PP
- Two sets (C\d1\u, C\d2\u) of three justification control bits are used
- to control the two justification opportunities S\d1\uand S\d2\urespectively.\fR
- C\d1\uC\d1\uC\d1\u\ =\ 0 0 0 indicates that S\d1\uis a data bit while C\d1\uC\d1\uC\d1\u\
- =\ 1 1 1 indicates that S\d1\uis a justification bit. C\d2\ucontrols S\d2\uin
- the same way. Majority vote should be used to make the justification
- decision in the desynchronizer for protection against single bit errors
- in the C\ bits.
- .PP
- The value contained in S\d1\uand S\d2\uwhen they are justification
- bits is not defined. The receiver is required to ignore the value contained
- in these bits whenever they are used as justification bits.
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 32P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 5\(hy17/G.709, p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.6.2
- \fIBit synchronous 2048 kbit/s\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The bit synchronous mapping for 2048 kbit/s tributaries is shown in Figure\
- 5\(hy18/G.709.
- .PP
- Note that a common desynchronizer can be used for both asynchronous
- and bit synchronous mappings.
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 36P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 5\(hy18/G.709, p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.6.3
- \fIByte synchronous mapping for 2048 kbit/s\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Figure 5\(hy19/G.709 shows byte synchronous mapping for 30\(hychannel
- 2048\ kbit/s tributaries employing Channel Associated Signalling (CAS).
- Signalling is carried in byte 19. The signalling assignments are shown in
- Figure\ 5\(hy20/G.709.
- .PP
- The S\d1\u, S\d2\u, S\d3\uand S\d4\ubits contain the signalling for the
- 30\ \(mu\ 64\ kbit/s channels. The phase of the signalling bits is indicated
- in the P\d1\uand P\d0\u\ bits in floating TU mode, and in the multiframe
- indicator byte (H4) in locked TU mode. This is illustrated in Figure\ 5\(hy20/G.709.
- .PP
- Byte synchronous mapping of 31 channel
- tributaries is shown in
- Figure\ 5\(hy21/G.709. Byte\ 19 carries tributary
- channel\ 16.
- .bp
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 32P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 5\(hy19/G.709, p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 15P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 5\(hy20/G.709, p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 47P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 5\(hy21/G.709, p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- 5.7
- \fIMapping of tributaries into VC\(hy11\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.7.1
- \fIAsynchronous 1544 kbit/s\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- One 1544 kbit/s signal can be mapped into a VC\(hy11.
- Figure\ 5\(hy22/G.709 shows this over a period of 500\ \(*ms.
- .PP
- In addition to the VC\(hy1 POH, the VC\(hy11 consists of 771 data bits,
- six justification control bits, two justification opportunity bits and
- eight
- overhead communication channel bits. The remaining bits are fixed stuff
- (R)\ bits. The eight O\ bits are reserved for future communication purposes.
- .PP
- Two sets (C\d1\u, C\d2\u) of three justification control bits are used
- to control the two justification opportunities, S\d1\uand S\d2\urespectively.
- C\d1\uC\d1\uC\d1\u\ =\ 0 0 0 indicates that S\d1\uis a data bit while C\d1\uC\d1\uC\d1\u\
- =\ 1 1 1 indicates that S\d1\uis a justification bit. C\d2\ucontrols S\d2\uin
- the same way. Majority vote should be used to make the justification
- decision in the desynchronizer for protection against single bit errors
- in the C\ bits.
- .PP
- The value contained in S\d1\uand S\d2\uwhen they are justification
- bits is not defined. The receiver is required to ignore the value contained
- in these bits whenever they are used as justification bits.
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 37P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 5\(hy22/G.709, p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.7.2
- \fIBit synchronous 1544 kbit/s\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The bit synchronous mapping for 1544 kbit/s tributaries is shown in Figure\
- 5\(hy23/G.709.
- .PP
- Note that a common desynchronizer can be used for both asynchronous
- and bit synchronous mappings.
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 47P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 5\(hy23/G.709, p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.7.3
- \fIByte synchronous mapping for 1544 kbit/s\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The byte synchronous mapping for 1544 kbit/s is depicted in
- Figure\ 5\(hy24/G.709.
- .PP
- The S\d1\u, S\d2\u, S\d3\uand S\d4\ubits contain the signalling for the
- 24\ \(mu\ 64\ kbit/s channels. The phase of the signalling bits can be
- indicated in the P\d1\uand P\dO\u\ bits in floating TU mode, and in the
- multiframe indicator byte (H4) in locked mode. This is illustrated in Figure\
- 5\(hy25/G.709. The usage of the PP\ bits has options, because the common
- signalling method and another
- channel associated signalling method (e.g.\ Recommendation\ G.704, \(sc\(sc\
- 3.1.3 and 3.2.3) do not need the PP\ bits. The operations of the alternative
- channel
- associated signalling method is shown in Figure\ 5\(hy26/G.709.
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 44P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 5\(hy24/G.709, p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 47P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 5\(hy25/G.709, p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 33P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 5\(hy26/G.709 [T5.709], p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .LP
- \fR
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 5.8
- \fIFloating and locked mode conversion\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- There are two possible multiplexing modes of the TU structures:
- floating and locked.
- .PP
- In the floating TU mode four consecutive 125\ \(*ms VC\(hyn frames are
- organized into a 500\ \(*ms multiframe, the phase of which is indicated by the
- multiframe indicator byte (H4) in the VC\(hy\fIn\fR \ POH. This 500\ \(*ms
- TU multiframe is shown in Figure\ 3\(hy13/G.709.
- .PP
- Locked TU mode of transport is a fixed mapping of synchronous
- structured payloads into a VC\(hy\fIn\fR . This provides a direct correspondence
- between subtending tributary information and the location of that information
- within the VC\(hy\fIn\fR . Since the tributary information is fixed and
- immediately
- identifiable with respect to the TU\(hy\fIn\fR or AU\(hy\fIn\fR pointer
- associated with the VC\(hy\fIn\fR , no TU pointers are available for payload
- usage.
- .PP
- Figure 5\(hy27/G.709 illustrates the conversion between floating and
- locked TU modes for each of the four TU sizes. Note that certain bytes\
- (R) in the current set of mapping are not used in the floating mode in
- order that
- those mappings can be used in both floating and locked modes. Since the
- V1\(hyV4 and V5 bytes are reserved, the 500\ \(*ms TU multiframe is unnecessary.
- Therefore the role of the multiframe indicator byte (H4) in locked mode
- is to define 2
- and 3\ ms signalling frames for byte synchronous mappings.
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 34P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 5\(hy27/G.709, p.\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
-