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- .rs
- .\" Troff code generated by TPS Convert from ITU Original Files
- .\" Not Copyright ( c) 1991
- .\"
- .\" Assumes tbl, eqn, MS macros, and lots of luck.
- .TA 1c 2c 3c 4c 5c 6c 7c 8c
- .ds CH
- .ds CF
- .EQ
- delim @@
- .EN
- .nr LL 40.5P
- .nr ll 40.5P
- .nr HM 3P
- .nr FM 6P
- .nr PO 4P
- .nr PD 9p
- .po 4P
-
- .rs
- \v | 5i'
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fBRecommendation\ Z.335\fR
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .sp 1P
- .ce 1000
- \fBROUTING\ ADMINISTRATION\fR
- .EF '% Fascicle\ X.7\ \(em\ Rec.\ Z.335''
- .OF '''Fascicle\ X.7\ \(em\ Rec.\ Z.335 %'
- .ce 0
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fB1\fR \fBGeneral\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- This Recommendation has been developed in accordance to the
- methodology defined in Recommendations\ Z.332 and\ Z.333.
- .PP
- The main part of this Recommendation deals with the model of routing administration
- and glossary of the terms used is also included.
- .PP
- The list of operator jobs and the list of system functions to be
- controlled are contained in annex\ A.
- .PP
- For each system function to be controlled by means of MML, one or more
- MML functions can be derived and each of them can be described using the
- metalanguage defined in Recommendation\ Z.333, in order to detail the relevant
- information structure.
- .PP
- Annex B contains a list of MML functions and information structure
- diagrams associated to each of them to be used as guidelines.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB2\fR \fBIntroduction\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- The routing functions are those system functions that are in charge of
- routing a call attempt toward its destination on the basis of the data
- associated with the call attempt (e.g.\ the dialled digits,\ etc.) and
- the data associated to the network (e.g.\ identities of the circuit sub\(hygroups
- serving a certain destination,\ etc.). The destination of a call attempt
- may be inside the switching system as well as outside the switching system.
- If the destination
- is inside the switching systems, the routing will consist of identifying the
- termination that corresponds to the destination. If the destination is
- outside the switching system the routing functions shall search for a free
- circuit,
- within a given circuit sub\(hygroup on which the call attempt will be routed.
- .PP
- Routing consists of functions whose parameters may vary with the
- network design and the switching system design to fit the network application.
- The economics of a switching system in a network application is, in part,
- a
- function of how well the routing functions match the network design.
- .PP
- The main activities for creating and maintaining routing
- administration data may be summarized by the following items:
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- analysis of the data provided by the traffic measurement
- functions;
- .LP
- \(em
- defining the routing strategies on the basis of the achieved results;
- .LP
- \(em
- creating new or changing the existing items, related to the routing in
- the switching systems, in order to satisfy the routing
- strategies.
- .PP
- Only the last of these items is within the scope of this
- Recommendation.
- .PP
- This Recommendation deals with the routing administration functions
- involved with the routing towards destinations outside the switching system,
- whichever signalling system is used.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB3\fR \fBRouting administration model\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.1
- \fIIntroduction\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- To service a call in order to make it proceed towards the desired called
- party, two steps are pointed out:
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- the identification of the destination of the call made by
- means of the analysis of the selection digits and by means of other
- information;
- .LP
- \(em
- the selection of a free circuit within a set of suitable
- circuits on which the call may be forwarded.
- .PP
- The routing functions provided by a system deal mainly with the
- second step and the present Recommendation relates to their administration.
- In this section a model for the administration of routing functions is
- reported, describing the information used.
- .bp
- .PP
- Figure\ 1/Z.335 provides a description of the connections that exist at
- the man\(hymachine interface, among the routing items (such as circuits,
- circuit sub\(hygroups, routes and route groups) that can be administered
- by means of MML functions.
- .PP
- The purpose of this model is to provide an overview of the routing
- items and the relevant parameters. No specific association between parameters
- and routing items is intended other than for explanatory purposes. Any
- parameter can be associated to any routing item depending on the specific
- needs of an administration or of the network: for example, the type of
- signalling
- system may be determined at route group, route or circuit sub\(hygroup level,
- without changing its function.
- .PP
- The collection of combinations of destination and additional
- parameters forms the routing table, which contains all the possibilities of
- routing for a given system. One entry in this table is called routing table
- element.
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 22P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure 1/Z.335, p. \fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.2
- \fIParameters\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The parameters used in the decision process of routing a call are included
- in the following list. In Figure\ 1/Z.335 they are represented by
- destination, additional parameters and supplementary information. The list
- is open\(hyended and not all the parameters are needed for all applications.
- The list may vary according to administration needs, telecomunication network
- levels,\ etc.
- .PP
- The methods used to evaluate these parameters within the switching
- system should not be constrained by the model.
- .RT
- .LP
- 1)
- Destination;
- .LP
- 2)
- Class of incoming circuit sub\(hygroup;
- .LP
- 3)
- Calling party category;
- .LP
- 4)
- Parameters for network management (e.g.\ time of day,
- presence of carrier failure, etc.);
- .LP
- 5)
- Signalling system (incoming and outgoing);
- .LP
- 6)
- Transmission characteristics (incoming and outgoing);
- .bp
- .LP
- 7)
- Circuit type (e.g.\ two wires, four wires);
- .LP
- 8)
- Presence of echo canceller;
- .LP
- 9)
- Transmission medium characteristics (i.e.\ presence of
- satellite links);
- .LP
- 10)
- Selection of specific carrier or specific network.
- .PP
- The destination is identified by means of the selection digits on the basis
- of the incoming route (origin information) or signalled information.
- .PP
- The additional parameters are those parameters that allow
- identification of the possible choices for routing a call towards a given
- destination. The following factors may be used as additional parameters (the
- list is neither mandatory nor complete):
- .RT
- .LP
- a)
- Class of incoming circuit sub\(hygroup;
- .LP
- b)
- Calling party category;
- .LP
- c)
- Parameters for network management.
- .PP
- A combination of destination and additional parameters identify a routing
- table element which contains all the possibilities to set up a call in
- order to forward it.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.3
- \fIRoute group\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- A route group consists of one or more routes that may be used for a given
- destination. A route group may be accessed by more than one combination
- of destination and additional parameters.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.4
- \fIRoute\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- A route consists of one or more circuit sub\(hygroups and of some
- information associated with the route describing the use of the route itself.
- .PP
- Examples of this information may be:
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- seizure signal to send (terminal, transit);
- .LP
- \(em
- number of digits to send;
- .LP
- \(em
- digits to add.
- .PP
- If the route is not present in the routing administration model
- the information should be associated to other routing items.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.5
- \fICircuit sub\(hygroup\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- A circuit sub\(hygroup is a set of circuits between two exchanges. In options\
- A and\ B, circuits within a circuit sub\(hygroup have similar
- characteristics (e.g.\ type of signalling, type of transmission path,\ etc.).
- .PP
- The selection of a given circuit sub\(hygroup inside a route can be made
- on the basis of supplementary information such as signalling system,
- transmission technique, circuit type (e.g.\ two wires, four wires), presence
- of echo canceller, transmission medium characteristics (e.g.\ presence
- of satellite links),\ etc. Other information may also be associated to
- circuit sub\(hygroups;
- examples of this information are:
- .RT
- .LP
- \(em
- traffic direction;
- .LP
- \(em
- class of incoming circuit sub\(hygroup;
- .LP
- \(em
- search method to select a circuit inside the sub\(hygroup.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 3.6
- \fICircuit\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- A circuit is characterized by an identity, by its hardware
- termination identity and by its sequence number inside the circuit sub\(hygroup
- (this latter is only used for selection purposes in outgoing circuit
- sub\(hygroups). If common channel signalling is used, a label should be
- assigned to the circuit.
- .bp
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB4\fR \fBAdditional information\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 4.1
- \fIManagement of the status of routing items\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- In order to change the routing capabilities of the
- telecommunication systems, facilities are required to alter the operating
- status of the items involved (i.e.\ to put a circuit in service or out of
- service, etc.).
- .PP
- This topic is left for further study.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- 4.2
- \fIReliability mechanisms\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- In order to prevent malfunctions and errors when servicing a call, the
- routing administration functions used in the telecommunication system must
- implement reliability mechanisms. The most critical functions, e.g.\ change
- functions, should not be provided to the operator if reliability mechanisms
- are not provided.
- .PP
- The selection and implementation of reliability mechanisms are not
- covered in this Recommendation.
- .PP
- However, due to the fact that the machanism used may affect the
- man\(hymachine interface, it is highlighted that such aspect should be
- studied and taken into account when designing the real man\(hymachine interface.
- .RT
- .sp 2P
- .LP
- \fB5\fR \fBGlossary of used terms\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fBcircuit\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Connection between two exchanges for one call at a time, including the
- junctors that terminate the circuit.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fBcircuit sub\(hygroup\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Group of circuits between two exchanges having the same traffic
- direction (incoming, outgoing, bidirectional), the same signalling
- characteristics and the same transmission medium characteristics.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fBroute\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Collection of circuit sub\(hygroups between two exchanges that are
- equivalent for routing purposes. The term route is equivalent to the concept
- of \*Qcircuit group\*U as used in Recommendation\ Z.337 and in E\(hySeries
- Recommendations.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- \fBroute group\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- The set of all the possible routes on which a call may be
- forwarded to the appropriate destination.
- .RT
- .ce 1000
- ANNEX\ A
- .ce 0
- .ce 1000
- (to Recommendation Z.335)
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .ce 0
- .ce 1000
- \fBList of system functions to be controlled by MML and list of jobs\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ce 0
- .LP
- A.1
- \fIList of system functions to be controlled by MML\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .LP
- 1)
- Managing the routing data base
- .LP
- 2)
- Querying the routing data base
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- A.2
- \fIList of jobs\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .LP
- 1)
- To create/change items involved in the routing functions or change old
- ones (e.g.\ circuit sub\(hygroups, routes,\ etc.)
- .LP
- \(em
- the purpose of the job is to create and/or change the configuration of
- the switching system regarding the items involved in the
- routing of a call;
- .LP
- \(em
- the system is supposed to record the new data and to
- check their static correctness;
- .bp
- .LP
- \(em
- the operator is supposed to input all needed data;
- .LP
- \(em
- the complexity of the job may be high depending on the amount of the
- data to be input for the item to be created/changed;
- .LP
- \(em
- the frequency of the job is medium;
- .LP
- \(em
- the job is supposed to be performed at exchange and/or OMC level.
- .LP
- 2)
- To delete items related to the routing
- .LP
- \(em
- the purpose of the job is to delete items no longer
- useful;
- .LP
- \(em
- the system is supposed to delete the specified items
- deleting the related data only if no call is currently routed on the item;
- .LP
- \(em
- the operator is supposed to introduce the identity of the item to be
- deleted;
- .LP
- \(em
- the complexity of the job is low (if the system makes sufficient checks);
- .LP
- \(em
- the frequency of the job is low;
- .LP
- \(em
- the job is supposed to be performed at exchange and/or OMC level.
- .LP
- 3)
- To interrogate different kinds of information related to the routing
- .LP
- \(em
- the purpose of the job is to get information on the
- current data used by the system to perform the routing;
- .LP
- \(em
- the system is supposed to output the information
- requested in suitable formats and on the selected devices;
- .LP
- \(em
- the operator is supposed to input the identity of the item to be interrogated
- and to select the information to be retrieved;
- .LP
- \(em
- the complexity of the job is low;
- .LP
- \(em
- the frequency of the job is high;
- .LP
- \(em
- the job is supposed to be performed at exchange and/or OMC level.
- .ce 1000
- ANNEX\ B
- .ce 0
- .ce 1000
- (to Recommendation Z.335)
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .ce 0
- .ce 1000
- \fBGuidelines for the list of MML functions and\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ce 0
- .ce 1000
- \fBassociated information structure diagrams\fR
- .ce 0
- .LP
- B.1
- \fIIntroduction\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .PP
- This annex contains guidelines for the list of MML functions and
- associated information structure diagrams related to the routing administration
- model defined in Recommendation\ Z.335, \(sc\ 3.
- .RT
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- B.2
- \fIList of MML functions\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- This list contains possible MML functions for routing
- administration.
- .PP
- This list is not mandatory nor complete, it may vary according to
- administration needs, telecommunication network levels, regulatory needs,\ etc.
- .PP
- These MML functions do not represent the actual command structure of any
- real implementation of the man\(hymachine interface. Each of the MML functions
- identified can be implemented by providing one or more separate distinctive
- commands or several MML functions could be implemented by using a single
- command.
- .RT
- .LP
- 1)
- \fICreation\fR
- .LP
- \(em
- create a circuit,
- .LP
- \(em
- create a circuit sub\(hygroup,
- .LP
- Options A and B are defined in Recommendation\ Z.335, \(sc\ 3.
- .FE
- \(em
- create a route (only options A and B)
- ,
- .LP
- \(em
- create a route group (only option A)
- ,
- .LP
- \(em
- create a destination.
- .LP
- 2)
- \fIDeletion\fR
- .LP
- \(em
- delete a circuit,
- .LP
- \(em
- delete a circuit sub\(hygroup,
- .bp
- .LP
- \(em
- delete a route (only options A and B)
- ,
- .LP
- \(em
- delete a route group (only option A)
- ,
- .LP
- \(em
- delete a destination.
- .LP
- 3)
- \fIInterrogation\fR
- .LP
- \(em
- interrogate a circuit,
- .LP
- \(em
- interrogate a circuit sub\(hygroup,
- .LP
- \(em
- interrogate a route (only options A and B)
- ,
- .LP
- \(em
- interrogate a route group (only option A)
- ,
- .LP
- \(em
- interrogate a destination.
- .LP
- 4)
- \fIChanging\fR
- .LP
- \(em
- change a circuit,
- .LP
- \(em
- change a circuit sub\(hygroup,
- .LP
- \(em
- change a route (only options A and B)
- ,
- .LP
- \(em
- change a route group (only option A)
- ,
- .LP
- \(em
- change a destination.
- .sp 1P
- .LP
- B.3
- \fIInformation structure diagrams\fR
- .sp 9p
- .RT
- .PP
- Only the information entities needed for the MML functions
- previously derived have been identified. They are reported in this section
- by means of diagrams representing each MML function information structure.
- .PP
- These diagrams represent typical routing function requirements. They are
- not intended to constrain in any way the enhancement of these functions
- in the light of technological advances or specific administration or regulatory
- requirements.
- .PP
- The metalanguage used is described in Recommendation\ Z.333.
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 20P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure B\(hy1/Z.335, p.2\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 25P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure B\(hy2/Z.335, p.3\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 22P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure B\(hy3/Z.335, p.4\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 17P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure B\(hy4/Z.335, p.5\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 30P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure B\(hy5/Z.335, p.6\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 15P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure B\(hy6/Z.335, p.7\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 15P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure B\(hy7/Z.335, p.8\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 17P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure B\(hy8/Z.335, p.9\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 24P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure B\(hy9/Z.335, p.10\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 22P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure B\(hy10/Z.335, p.11\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 21P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure B\(hy11/Z.335, p.12\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 26P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure B\(hy12/Z.335, p.13\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 24P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure B\(hy13/Z.335, p.14\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 23P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure B\(hy14/Z.335, p.15\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 25P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure B\(hy15/Z.335, p.16\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 22P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure B\(hy16/Z.335, p.17\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 20P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure B\(hy17/Z.335, p.18\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 27P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure B\(hy18/Z.335, p.19\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 20P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure B\(hy19/Z.335, p.20\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .rs
- .sp 28P
- .ad r
- \fBFigure B\(hy20/Z.335, p.21\fR
- .sp 1P
- .RT
- .ad b
- .RT
- .LP
- .bp
-