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- ; Newsgroups: gnu.emacs.sources
- ; Path: hal.com!decwrl!uunet!world!jrs
- ; From: jrs@world.std.com (Rick Sladkey)
- ; Subject: New improved backquote.el with vectors and nesting
- ; Organization: The World Public Access UNIX
- ; Date: Thu, 26 Mar 1992 05:24:13 GMT
- ;
- ; Here is a completely different implementation of the backquote macro
- ; which I think fixes some problems, handles more situations, is more
- ; efficient, and is more compact than the code it replaces.
- ;
- ; Rick Sladkey
- ; jrs@world.std.com
- ; ----------
- ;;; -*- Mode: Emacs-Lisp -*-
- ;;; New backquote for GNU Emacs.
- ;;; Copyright (C) 1990, 1992 Rick Sladkey
-
- ;; LCD Archive Entry:
- ;; new-backquote|Rick Sladkey|jrs@world.std.com|
- ;; New, improved version of the backquote macro.|
- ;; 92-03-26||~/functions/new-backquote.el.Z|
-
- ;; This file is not part of GNU Emacs but is distributed under
- ;; the same conditions as GNU Emacs.
-
- ;; GNU Emacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- ;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- ;; the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option)
- ;; any later version.
-
- ;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- ;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- ;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
- ;; GNU General Public License for more details.
-
- ;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- ;; along with GNU Emacs; see the file COPYING. If not, write to
- ;; the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
-
-
- ;; This is a new backquote for GNU Emacs written by
- ;; Rick Sladkey <jrs@world.std.com>. It has the following
- ;; features compared to the version 18 backquote:
-
- ;; Correctly handles nested backquotes.
- ;; Correctly handles constants after a splice.
- ;; Correctly handles top-level atoms and unquotes.
- ;; Correctly handles unquote after dot.
- ;; Understands vectors.
- ;; Minimizes gratuitous consing.
- ;; Faster operation with simpler semantics.
- ;; Generates faster run-time expressions.
- ;; One third fewer calories than our regular beer.
-
- ;; This backquote will generate calls to the list* form.
- ;; Both a function version and a macro version are included.
- ;; The macro version is used by default because it is faster
- ;; and needs no run-time support. It should really be a subr.
-
-
- (provide 'backquote)
-
- ;; function and macro versions of list*
-
- (defun list*-function (first &rest list)
- "Like `list' but the last argument is the tail of the new list.
-
- For example (list* 'a 'b 'c) => (a b . c)"
- (if list
- (let* ((rest list) (newlist (cons first nil)) (last newlist))
- (while (cdr rest)
- (setcdr last (cons (car rest) nil))
- (setq last (cdr last)
- rest (cdr rest)))
- (setcdr last (car rest))
- newlist)
- first))
-
- (defmacro list*-macro (first &rest list)
- "Like `cons' but accepts more arguments.
-
- For example (list* 'a 'b 'c) == (cons 'a (cons 'b 'c))"
- (setq list (reverse (cons first list))
- first (car list)
- list (cdr list))
- (if list
- (let* ((second (car list))
- (rest (cdr list))
- (newlist (list 'cons second first)))
- (while rest
- (setq newlist (list 'cons (car rest) newlist)
- rest (cdr rest)))
- newlist)
- first))
-
- (fset 'list* (symbol-function 'list*-macro))
-
- ;; A few advertised variables that control which symbols are used
- ;; to represent the backquote, unquote, and splice operations.
-
- (defvar backquote-backquote-symbol '`
- "*Symbol used to represent a backquote or nested backquote (e.g. `).")
-
- (defvar backquote-unquote-symbol ',
- "*Symbol used to represent an unquote (e.g. ,) inside a backquote.")
-
- (defvar backquote-splice-symbol ',@
- "*Symbol used to represent a splice (e.g. ,@) inside a backquote.")
-
- (defmacro backquote (arg)
- "Argument STRUCTURE describes a template to build.
-
- The whole structure acts as if it were quoted except for certain
- places where expressions are evaluated and inserted or spliced in.
-
- For example:
-
- b => (ba bb bc) ; assume b has this value
- (` (a b c)) => (a b c) ; backquote acts like quote
- (` (a (, b) c)) => (a (ba bb bc) c) ; insert the value of b
- (` (a (,@ b) c)) => (a ba bb bc c) ; splice in the value of b
-
- Vectors work just like lists. Nested backquotes are permitted.
-
- Variables: backquote-backquote-symbol, backquote-unquote-symbol,
- backquote-splice-symbol"
- (cdr (bq-process arg)))
-
- ;; GNU Emacs has no reader macros
-
- (fset backquote-backquote-symbol (symbol-function 'backquote))
-
- ;; bq-process returns a dotted-pair of a tag (0, 1, or 2) and
- ;; the backquote-processed structure. 0 => the structure is
- ;; constant, 1 => to be unquoted, 2 => to be spliced in.
- ;; The top-level backquote macro just discards the tag.
-
- (defun bq-process (s)
- (cond
- ((vectorp s)
- (let ((n (bq-process (append s ()))))
- (if (= (car n) 0)
- (cons 0 s)
- (cons 1 (cond
- ((eq (nth 1 n) 'list)
- (cons 'vector (nthcdr 2 n)))
- ((eq (nth 1 n) 'append)
- (cons 'vconcat (nthcdr 2 n)))
- (t
- (list 'apply '(function vector) (cdr n))))))))
- ((atom s)
- (cons 0 (if (or (null s) (eq s t) (not (symbolp s)))
- s
- (list 'quote s))))
- ((eq (car s) backquote-unquote-symbol)
- (cons 1 (nth 1 s)))
- ((eq (car s) backquote-splice-symbol)
- (cons 2 (nth 1 s)))
- ((eq (car s) backquote-backquote-symbol)
- (bq-process (cdr (bq-process (nth 1 s)))))
- (t
- (let ((rest s) (item nil) (firstlist nil) (list nil) (lists nil))
- (while (consp rest)
- (if (eq (car rest) backquote-unquote-symbol)
- (setq rest (list (list backquote-splice-symbol (nth 1 rest)))))
- (setq item (bq-process (car rest)))
- (cond
- ((= (car item) 2)
- (if (null firstlist)
- (setq firstlist list
- list nil))
- (if list
- (setq lists (cons (bq-listify list '(0 . nil)) lists)))
- (setq lists (cons (cdr item) lists))
- (setq list nil))
- (t
- (setq list (cons item list))))
- (setq rest (cdr rest)))
- (if (or rest list)
- (setq lists (cons (bq-listify list (bq-process rest)) lists)))
- (setq lists
- (if (or (cdr lists)
- (and (consp (car lists))
- (eq (car (car lists)) backquote-splice-symbol)))
- (cons 'append (nreverse lists))
- (car lists)))
- (if firstlist
- (setq lists (bq-listify firstlist (cons 1 lists))))
- (if (eq (car lists) 'quote)
- (cons 0 (list 'quote s))
- (cons 1 lists))))))
-
- ;; bq-listify takes (tag . structure) pairs from bq-process
- ;; and decides between append, list, list*, and cons depending
- ;; on which tags are in the list.
-
- (defun bq-listify (list old-tail)
- (let ((heads nil) (tail (cdr old-tail)) (list-tail list) (item nil))
- (if (= (car old-tail) 0)
- (setq tail (eval tail)
- old-tail nil))
- (while (consp list-tail)
- (setq item (car list-tail))
- (setq list-tail (cdr list-tail))
- (if (or heads old-tail (/= (car item) 0))
- (setq heads (cons (cdr item) heads))
- (setq tail (cons (eval (cdr item)) tail))))
- (cond
- (tail
- (if (null old-tail)
- (setq tail (list 'quote tail)))
- (if heads
- (let ((use-list* (or (cdr heads)
- (and (consp (car heads))
- (eq (car (car heads))
- backquote-splice-symbol)))))
- (cons (if use-list* 'list* 'cons)
- (append heads (list tail))))
- tail))
- (t (cons 'list heads)))))
-