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- # @(#)europe 7.3
-
- # International country codes are used to identify countries' rules and
- # zones
- #
- # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, go
- # ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
- # ado@ncifcrf.gov for general use in the future).
-
- ###############################################################################
-
- # United Kingdom
-
- # From Peter Ilieve (peter@memex.co.uk) (July 4, 1989)
- #
- # From the UK Government paper "Summer Time: A Consultation Document"
- # (HMSO Cm722 June 1989), which is about the possibility of the UK moving
- # into the central European timezone and synchronising its summer time with
- # the rest of Europe (by moving the end date back a month to end Sep.,
- # the start dates are already the same).
- #
- # Summer time was not observed before 1916.
- # It was introduced in the First World War in response to its introduction
- # by Germany in March 1916.
- # During the Second World War normal summer time was used in Winter and double
- # summer time was used in Summer.
- # Between 1968 and 1971 GMT+1 was used all year as an experiment.
- # This caused voluble objections in Scotland and the experiment was judged
- # a failure.
- #
- # Although it does not say what happens in Europe, it does say that most
- # of Europe did not use summer time until 1979, presumably dropping it
- # after the 1st and/or 2nd war.
- #
- # Note that this is not necessarily accurate for Eire.
- #
- # The paper gives a complete record of dates from 1916, and dates up to 1992.
- # The intention is to have the new system, if any, start in 1993.
- # The dates are (copied exactly from the table in the paper):
- #
- # Summer Time Double Summer Time
- # Year Start End Start End
- # 1916 21 May 1 October
- # 1917 8 April 17 September
- # 1918 24 March 30 September
- # 1919 30 March 29 September
- # 1920 28 March 25 October
- # (extended from
- # 27 Sep. because
- # of coal strike)
- #
- # 1921 3 April 3 October
- # 1922 26 March 8 October
- # 1923 22 April 16 September
- # 1924 30 April 21 September
- # 1925 to 3rd Sunday 1st Sunday
- # 1938 in April in October
- #
- # 1939 16 April 19 November
- # 1940 25 February continued
- # 1941 continued continued 4 May 10 August
- # 1942 continued continued 5 April 9 August
- # 1943 continued continued 4 April 15 August
- # 1944 continued continued 2 April 17 September
- # 1945 continued 7 October 2 April 15 July
- #
- # 1946 14 April 6 October
- # 1947 16 March 2 November 13 April 10 August
- # 1948 14 March 31 October
- # 1949 3 April 30 October
- # 1950 16 April 22 October
- # 1951 15 April 21 October
- # 1952 20 April 26 October
- #
- # 1953 19 April 4 October
- # 1954 11 April 3 October
- # 1955 17 April 2 October
- # 1956 15 April 7 October
- # 1957 14 April 6 October
- # 1958 20 April 5 October
- # 1959 19 April 4 October
- # 1960 10 April 2 October
- #
- # 1961 26 March 29 October
- # 1962 25 March 28 October
- # 1963 31 March 27 October
- # 1964 22 March 25 October
- # 1965 21 March 24 October
- # 1966 20 March 23 October
- # 1967 19 March 29 October
- #
- # 1968 18 February continued
- # 1969 continued continued
- # 1970 continued continued
- # 1971 continued 31 October
- # 1972 19 March 29 October
- # 1973 18 March 28 October
- # 1974 17 March 27 October
- #
- # 1975 16 March 26 October
- # 1976 21 March 24 October
- # 1977 20 March 23 October
- # 1978 19 March 29 October
- # 1979 18 March 28 October
- # 1980 16 March 26 October
- # 1981 29 March 25 October
- #
- # 1982 28 March 24 October
- # 1983 27 March 23 October
- # 1984 25 March 28 October
- # 1985 31 March 27 October
- # 1986 30 March 26 October
- # 1987 29 March 25 October
- # 1988 27 March 23 October
- #
- # 1989 26 March 29 October
- # 1990 25 March 28 October
- # 1991 31 March 27 October
- # 1992 29 March 25 October
- #
- # These dates agree with the ones from Whitaker's Almanac for 1960--87. . .
-
- # From Arthur David Olson (January 19, 1989):
- #
- # A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's
- # known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom.
-
- # From an Anonymous U. K. Donor (January 4, 1989):
- #
- # It is NOT possible to predict when [British Summer Time] will change
- # in a future year.
- #
- # (The admiralty calculate when they think it should be (no more that a couple
- # of years in advance) and advise the government who then decide whether or
- # not they will take the admiralty's advice)
- #
- # ...the Gre[e]nwich...observatory...[was] very helpful.
- #
- # I was not able to track down the Admiralty formula (I tried hard but failed)
-
- # ...
- # Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed)
- # From: Jonathan Leffler <nih-csl!uunet!mcvax!sphinx.co.uk!john>
- # ...
- # [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament.
- # If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in
- # politics making a fortune, not computing.
-
- # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
- # 1916 to 1925--irregular
- Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Mar 21 1:00s 1:00 BST
- Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 GMT
- Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 1:00s 1:00 BST
- Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00s 0 GMT
- Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 1:00s 1:00 BST
- Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 GMT
- Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 BST
- Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 1:00s 0 GMT
- Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 1:00s 1:00 BST
- Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 1:00s 0 GMT
- Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 BST
- Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 1:00s 0 GMT
- Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 1:00s 1:00 BST
- Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 1:00s 0 GMT
- Rule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr 22 1:00s 1:00 BST
- Rule GB-Eire 1923 only - Oct 16 1:00s 0 GMT
- Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr 30 1:00s 1:00 BST
- Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Sep 21 1:00s 0 GMT
- # 1925 to 1939 start--regular
- Rule GB-Eire 1925 1939 - Apr Sun>=15 1:00s 1:00 BST
- Rule GB-Eire 1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 GMT
- # 1939 end to 1947--irregular, and with double summer time
- Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00s 0 GMT
- Rule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb 25 1:00s 1:00 BST
- Rule GB-Eire 1941 only - May 4 1:00s 2:00 DST
- Rule GB-Eire 1941 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST
- Rule GB-Eire 1942 only - Apr 5 1:00s 2:00 DST
- Rule GB-Eire 1942 only - Aug 9 1:00s 1:00 BST
- Rule GB-Eire 1943 only - Apr 4 1:00s 2:00 DST
- Rule GB-Eire 1943 only - Aug 15 1:00s 1:00 BST
- Rule GB-Eire 1944 only - Apr 2 1:00s 2:00 DST
- Rule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep 17 1:00s 1:00 BST
- # Double daylight starts on a Monday in 1945?
- Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr 2 1:00s 2:00 DST
- Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul 15 1:00s 1:00 BST
- Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Oct 7 1:00s 0 GMT
- Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr 14 1:00s 1:00 BST
- Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Oct 6 1:00s 0 GMT
- Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 1:00s 1:00 BST
- Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 DST
- Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST
- Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 1:00s 0 GMT
- # So much for double saving time. 1948 and 1949, irregular.
- Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 1:00s 1:00 BST
- Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Oct 31 1:00s 0 GMT
- Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 BST
- Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 GMT
- # 1950 through start of 1953, regular.
- Rule GB-Eire 1950 1953 - Apr Sun>=14 1:00s 1:00 BST
- Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Oct Sun>=21 1:00s 0 GMT
- # 1954 to 1980, starting rules
- Rule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr 11 1:00s 1:00 BST
- Rule GB-Eire 1955 1959 - Apr Sun>=14 1:00s 1:00 BST
- Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr 10 1:00s 1:00 BST
- Rule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 BST
- Rule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 1:00s 1:00 BST
- Rule GB-Eire 1968 only - Feb 18 1:00s 1:00 BST
- Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST
- # 1953 to 1971, ending rules
- Rule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 GMT
- Rule GB-Eire 1961 1967 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00s 0 GMT
- Rule GB-Eire 1971 only - Oct 31 1:00s 0 GMT
- # Current rules
- Rule GB-Eire 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 BST
- Rule GB-Eire 1972 max - Oct Sun>=23 1:00s 0 GMT
-
- # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES/SAVE FORMAT [UNTIL]
- Zone GB-Eire 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 1:00s
- 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 1:00s
- 0:00 GB-Eire %s
-
- ###############################################################################
-
- # Continental Europe
-
- # The use of 1986 as starting years below is conservative.
-
- Rule W-Eur 1986 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 " DST"
- Rule W-Eur 1986 max - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
-
- Rule M-Eur 1986 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
- Rule M-Eur 1986 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
-
- Rule E-Eur 1986 max - Mar lastSun 3:00s 1:00 " DST"
- Rule E-Eur 1986 max - Sep lastSun 3:00s 0 -
-
- Rule Turkey 1986 max - Mar lastSun 1:00 1:00 " DST"
- Rule Turkey 1986 max - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
-
- Rule W-SU 1986 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
- Rule W-SU 1986 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
-
- # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES/SAVE FORMAT [UNTIL]
- Zone WET 0:00 W-Eur WET%s
- Zone Iceland 0:00 - WET
- Zone Portugal 0:00 W-Eur WET%s 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s
- Zone MET 1:00 M-Eur MET%s
- Zone Poland 1:00 W-Eur MET%s
- Zone EET 2:00 E-Eur EET%s
- Zone Turkey 3:00 Turkey EET%s
- Zone W-SU 3:00 M-Eur ????
-
- # Tom Hoffman says that MET is also known as Central European Time
-
- Link MET CET
-
- ###############################################################################
-
- # One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from
- # the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986.
- # The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else.
- #
- # According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but
- # uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules.
- # Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at
- # 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST). It also claims that Turkey
- # switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time
- # and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST)
-
- # ...
- # Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100
- # From: seismo!mcvax!cgcha!wtho (Tom Hofmann)
- # Message-Id: <8701281556.AA22174@cgcha.uucp>
- # ...
- #
- # ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when
- # most European coun[tr]ies started DST. Before that year, only
- # a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according
- # to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on
- # 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following
- # years...
- # But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions
- # than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST
- # one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep
- # lastSun' in 1981---I don't know how they handle now.
- #
- # Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the
- # Soviet Union (as far as I know).
- #
- # Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG,
- # 4002 Basle, Switzerland
- # UUCP: ...!mcvax!cernvax!cgcha!wtho
-
- # ...
- # Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100
- # From: seismo!mcvax!cwi.nl!dik (Dik T. Winter)
- # ...
- #
- # The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct.
- # After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information
- # about DST in Europe. I was able to find all from about 1969.
- #
- # ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on
- # first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September...
- # In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that
- # the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March. And from 1982
- # the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in
- # the Sov[i]et Union. In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch
- # dates...
- #
- # It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g.
- # Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST...
- # Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not
- # all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations
- # occurred, though not since 1982 I believe. Another note: it is always
- # assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the
- # case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours
- # in advance of normal time.
- #
- # ...
- # dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland
- # INTERNET : dik@cwi.nl
- # BITNET/EARN: dik@mcvax
-
- # From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988):
- # ...
- # Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates).
- # Since 1978. Change at midnight.
- # ...
- # Monaco: has same DST as France.
- # ...
-
- # Date: Thu, 12 Nov 92 16:57:37 +0100
- # From: rps@inescca.inescc.pt (Rui Pedro Salgueiro)
- # ...
- # Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone
- # (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC.
- # I have made this description:
- #
- # Zone Portugal 0:00 W-Eur WET%s 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
- # 1:00 M-Eur MET%s
- # ...
-