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- ;;; help.el --- help commands for Emacs
-
- ;; Copyright (C) 1985, 1986, 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
- ;; Maintainer: FSF
- ;; Keywords: help, internal
-
- ;; This file is part of GNU Emacs.
-
- ;; GNU Emacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- ;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- ;; the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
- ;; any later version.
-
- ;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- ;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- ;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
- ;; GNU General Public License for more details.
-
- ;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- ;; along with GNU Emacs; see the file COPYING. If not, write to
- ;; the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
-
- ;;; Commentary:
-
- ;; This code implements GNU Emac's on-line help system, the one invoked by
- ;;`M-x help-for-help'.
-
- ;;; Code:
-
- ;; Get the macro make-help-screen when this is compiled,
- ;; or run interpreted, but not when the compiled code is loaded.
- (eval-when-compile (require 'help-macro))
-
- (defvar help-map (make-sparse-keymap)
- "Keymap for characters following the Help key.")
-
- (define-key global-map (char-to-string help-char) 'help-command)
- (fset 'help-command help-map)
-
- (define-key help-map (char-to-string help-char) 'help-for-help)
- (define-key help-map "?" 'help-for-help)
-
- (define-key help-map "\C-c" 'describe-copying)
- (define-key help-map "\C-d" 'describe-distribution)
- (define-key help-map "\C-w" 'describe-no-warranty)
- (define-key help-map "a" 'command-apropos)
-
- (define-key help-map "b" 'describe-bindings)
-
- (define-key help-map "c" 'describe-key-briefly)
- (define-key help-map "k" 'describe-key)
-
- (define-key help-map "d" 'describe-function)
- (define-key help-map "f" 'describe-function)
-
- (define-key help-map "i" 'info)
- (define-key help-map "\C-f" 'Info-goto-emacs-command-node)
- (define-key help-map "\C-k" 'Info-goto-emacs-key-command-node)
-
- (define-key help-map "l" 'view-lossage)
-
- (define-key help-map "m" 'describe-mode)
-
- (define-key help-map "\C-n" 'view-emacs-news)
- (define-key help-map "n" 'view-emacs-news)
-
- (define-key help-map "p" 'finder-by-keyword)
- (autoload 'finder-by-keyword "finder")
-
- (define-key help-map "s" 'describe-syntax)
-
- (define-key help-map "t" 'help-with-tutorial)
-
- (define-key help-map "w" 'where-is)
-
- (define-key help-map "v" 'describe-variable)
-
- (defun help-with-tutorial ()
- "Select the Emacs learn-by-doing tutorial."
- (interactive)
- (let ((file (expand-file-name "~/TUTORIAL")))
- (delete-other-windows)
- (if (get-file-buffer file)
- (switch-to-buffer (get-file-buffer file))
- (switch-to-buffer (create-file-buffer file))
- (setq buffer-file-name file)
- (setq default-directory (expand-file-name "~/"))
- (setq buffer-auto-save-file-name nil)
- (insert-file-contents (expand-file-name "TUTORIAL" data-directory))
- (goto-char (point-min))
- (search-forward "\n<<")
- (beginning-of-line)
- (delete-region (point) (progn (end-of-line) (point)))
- (newline (- (window-height (selected-window))
- (count-lines (point-min) (point))
- 6))
- (goto-char (point-min))
- (set-buffer-modified-p nil))))
-
- (defun describe-key-briefly (key)
- "Print the name of the function KEY invokes. KEY is a string."
- (interactive "kDescribe key briefly: ")
- ;; If this key seq ends with a down event, discard the
- ;; following click or drag event. Otherwise that would
- ;; erase the message.
- (let ((type (aref key (1- (length key)))))
- (if (listp type) (setq type (car type)))
- (and (symbolp type)
- (memq 'down (event-modifiers type))
- (read-event)))
- (let ((defn (key-binding key)))
- (if (or (null defn) (integerp defn))
- (message "%s is undefined" (key-description key))
- (message "%s runs the command %s"
- (key-description key)
- (if (symbolp defn) defn (prin1-to-string defn))))))
-
- (defun print-help-return-message (&optional function)
- "Display or return message saying how to restore windows after help command.
- Computes a message and applies the optional argument FUNCTION to it.
- If FUNCTION is nil, applies `message' to it, thus printing it."
- (and (not (get-buffer-window standard-output))
- (funcall (or function 'message)
- (concat
- (substitute-command-keys
- (if (one-window-p t)
- (if pop-up-windows
- "Type \\[delete-other-windows] to remove help window."
- "Type \\[switch-to-buffer] RET to remove help window.")
- "Type \\[switch-to-buffer-other-window] RET to restore the other window."))
- (substitute-command-keys
- " \\[scroll-other-window] to scroll the help.")))))
-
- (defun describe-key (key)
- "Display documentation of the function invoked by KEY. KEY is a string."
- (interactive "kDescribe key: ")
- ;; If this key seq ends with a down event, discard the
- ;; following click or drag event. Otherwise that would
- ;; erase the message.
- (let ((type (aref key (1- (length key)))))
- (if (listp type) (setq type (car type)))
- (and (symbolp type)
- (memq 'down (event-modifiers type))
- (read-event)))
- (let ((defn (key-binding key)))
- (if (or (null defn) (integerp defn))
- (message "%s is undefined" (key-description key))
- (with-output-to-temp-buffer "*Help*"
- (prin1 defn)
- (princ ":\n")
- (if (documentation defn)
- (princ (documentation defn))
- (princ "not documented"))
- (print-help-return-message)))))
-
- (defun describe-mode (&optional minor)
- "Display documentation of current major mode.
- If optional MINOR is non-nil (or prefix argument is given if interactive),
- display documentation of active minor modes as well.
- For this to work correctly for a minor mode, the mode's indicator variable
- \(listed in `minor-mode-alist') must also be a function whose documentation
- describes the minor mode."
- (interactive)
- (with-output-to-temp-buffer "*Help*"
- (princ mode-name)
- (princ " Mode:\n")
- (princ (documentation major-mode))
- (let ((minor-modes minor-mode-alist)
- (locals (buffer-local-variables)))
- (while minor-modes
- (let* ((minor-mode (car (car minor-modes)))
- (indicator (car (cdr (car minor-modes))))
- (local-binding (assq minor-mode locals)))
- ;; Document a minor mode if it is listed in minor-mode-alist,
- ;; bound locally in this buffer, non-nil, and has a function
- ;; definition.
- (if (and local-binding
- (cdr local-binding)
- (fboundp minor-mode))
- (progn
- (princ (format "\n\n\n%s minor mode (indicator%s):\n"
- minor-mode indicator))
- (princ (documentation minor-mode)))))
- (setq minor-modes (cdr minor-modes))))
- (print-help-return-message)))
-
- ;; So keyboard macro definitions are documented correctly
- (fset 'defining-kbd-macro (symbol-function 'start-kbd-macro))
-
- (defun describe-distribution ()
- "Display info on how to obtain the latest version of GNU Emacs."
- (interactive)
- (find-file-read-only
- (expand-file-name "DISTRIB" data-directory)))
-
- (defun describe-copying ()
- "Display info on how you may redistribute copies of GNU Emacs."
- (interactive)
- (find-file-read-only
- (expand-file-name "COPYING" data-directory))
- (goto-char (point-min)))
-
- (defun describe-no-warranty ()
- "Display info on all the kinds of warranty Emacs does NOT have."
- (interactive)
- (describe-copying)
- (let (case-fold-search)
- (search-forward "NO WARRANTY")
- (recenter 0)))
-
- (defun describe-prefix-bindings ()
- "Describe the bindings of the prefix used to reach this command.
- The prefix described consists of all but the last event
- of the key sequence that ran this command."
- (interactive)
- (let* ((key (this-command-keys))
- (prefix (make-vector (1- (length key)) nil))
- i)
- (setq i 0)
- (while (< i (length prefix))
- (aset prefix i (aref key i))
- (setq i (1+ i)))
- (describe-bindings prefix)))
- ;; Make C-h after a prefix, when not specifically bound,
- ;; run describe-prefix-bindings.
- (setq prefix-help-command 'describe-prefix-bindings)
-
- (defun view-emacs-news ()
- "Display info on recent changes to Emacs."
- (interactive)
- (find-file-read-only (expand-file-name "NEWS" data-directory)))
-
- (defun view-lossage ()
- "Display last 100 input keystrokes."
- (interactive)
- (with-output-to-temp-buffer "*Help*"
- (princ (key-description (recent-keys)))
- (save-excursion
- (set-buffer standard-output)
- (goto-char (point-min))
- (while (progn (move-to-column 50) (not (eobp)))
- (search-forward " " nil t)
- (insert "\n")))
- (print-help-return-message)))
-
- (make-help-screen help-for-help
- "a b c f i k l m n p s t v w C-c C-d C-n C-w. Type \\[help-for-help] again for more help: "
- "You have typed \\[help-for-help], the help character. Type a Help option:
-
- a command-apropos. Give a substring, and see a list of commands
- (functions interactively callable) that contain
- that substring. See also the apropos command.
- b describe-bindings. Display table of all key bindings.
- c describe-key-briefly. Type a command key sequence;
- it prints the function name that sequence runs.
- f describe-function. Type a function name and get documentation of it.
- i info. The info documentation reader.
- k describe-key. Type a command key sequence;
- it displays the full documentation.
- l view-lossage. Shows last 100 characters you typed.
- m describe-mode. Print documentation of current major mode,
- which describes the commands peculiar to it.
- n view-emacs-news. Shows emacs news file.
- p finder-by-keyword. Find packages matching a given topic keyword.
- s describe-syntax. Display contents of syntax table, plus explanations
- t help-with-tutorial. Select the Emacs learn-by-doing tutorial.
- v describe-variable. Type name of a variable;
- it displays the variable's documentation and value.
- w where-is. Type command name; it prints which keystrokes
- invoke that command.
- C-c print Emacs copying permission (General Public License).
- C-d print Emacs ordering information.
- C-n print news of recent Emacs changes.
- C-w print information on absence of warranty for GNU Emacs."
- help-map)
-
- ;; Return a function which is called by the list containing point.
- ;; If that gives no function, return a function whose name is around point.
- ;; If that doesn't give a function, return nil.
- (defun function-called-at-point ()
- (or (condition-case ()
- (save-excursion
- (save-restriction
- (narrow-to-region (max (point-min) (- (point) 1000)) (point-max))
- (backward-up-list 1)
- (forward-char 1)
- (let (obj)
- (setq obj (read (current-buffer)))
- (and (symbolp obj) (fboundp obj) obj))))
- (error nil))
- (condition-case ()
- (save-excursion
- (forward-sexp -1)
- (skip-chars-forward "'")
- (let ((obj (read (current-buffer))))
- (and (symbolp obj) (fboundp obj) obj)))
- (error nil))))
-
- (defun describe-function (function)
- "Display the full documentation of FUNCTION (a symbol)."
- (interactive
- (let ((fn (function-called-at-point))
- (enable-recursive-minibuffers t)
- val)
- (setq val (completing-read (if fn
- (format "Describe function (default %s): " fn)
- "Describe function: ")
- obarray 'fboundp t))
- (list (if (equal val "")
- fn (intern val)))))
- (with-output-to-temp-buffer "*Help*"
- (prin1 function)
- (princ ": ")
- (let* ((def (symbol-function function))
- (beg (if (commandp def) "an interactive " "a ")))
- (princ (cond ((or (stringp def)
- (vectorp def))
- "a keyboard macro.")
- ((subrp def)
- (concat beg "built-in function."))
- ((byte-code-function-p def)
- (concat beg "compiled Lisp function."))
- ((symbolp def)
- (format "alias for `%s'." def))
- ((eq (car-safe def) 'lambda)
- (concat beg "Lisp function."))
- ((eq (car-safe def) 'macro)
- "a Lisp macro.")
- ((eq (car-safe def) 'mocklisp)
- "a mocklisp function.")
- ((eq (car-safe def) 'autoload)
- (format "%s autoloaded Lisp %s."
- (if (commandp def) "an interactive" "an")
- (if (nth 4 def) "macro" "function")
- ;;; Including the file name made this line too long.
- ;;; (nth 1 def)
- ))
- (t "")))
- (terpri)
- (let ((arglist (cond ((byte-code-function-p def)
- (car (append def nil)))
- ((eq (car-safe def) 'lambda)
- (nth 1 def))
- (t t))))
- (if (listp arglist)
- (progn
- (princ (cons function
- (mapcar (lambda (arg)
- (if (memq arg '(&optional &rest))
- arg
- (intern (upcase (symbol-name arg)))))
- arglist)))
- (terpri))))
- (if (documentation function)
- (progn (terpri)
- (princ (documentation function)))
- (princ "not documented"))
- )
- (print-help-return-message)
- ;; Return the text we displayed.
- (save-excursion (set-buffer standard-output) (buffer-string))))
-
- (defun variable-at-point ()
- (condition-case ()
- (save-excursion
- (forward-sexp -1)
- (skip-chars-forward "'")
- (let ((obj (read (current-buffer))))
- (and (symbolp obj) (boundp obj) obj)))
- (error nil)))
-
- (defun describe-variable (variable)
- "Display the full documentation of VARIABLE (a symbol).
- Returns the documentation as a string, also."
- (interactive
- (let ((v (variable-at-point))
- (enable-recursive-minibuffers t)
- val)
- (setq val (completing-read (if v
- (format "Describe variable (default %s): " v)
- "Describe variable: ")
- obarray 'boundp t))
- (list (if (equal val "")
- v (intern val)))))
- (with-output-to-temp-buffer "*Help*"
- (prin1 variable)
- (princ "'s value is ")
- (if (not (boundp variable))
- (princ "void.")
- (prin1 (symbol-value variable)))
- (terpri) (terpri)
- (princ "Documentation:")
- (terpri)
- (let ((doc (documentation-property variable 'variable-documentation)))
- (if doc
- (princ (substitute-command-keys doc))
- (princ "not documented as a variable.")))
- (print-help-return-message)
- ;; Return the text we displayed.
- (save-excursion (set-buffer standard-output) (buffer-string))))
-
- (defun command-apropos (string)
- "Like apropos but lists only symbols that are names of commands
- \(interactively callable functions). Argument REGEXP is a regular expression
- that is matched against command symbol names. Returns list of symbols and
- documentation found."
- (interactive "sCommand apropos (regexp): ")
- (let ((message
- (let ((standard-output (get-buffer-create "*Help*")))
- (print-help-return-message 'identity))))
- (if (apropos string t 'commandp)
- (and message (message message)))))
-
- (defun locate-library (library &optional nosuffix)
- "Show the full path name of Emacs library LIBRARY.
- This command searches the directories in `load-path' like `M-x load-library'
- to find the file that `M-x load-library RET LIBRARY RET' would load.
- Optional second arg NOSUFFIX non-nil means don't add suffixes `.elc' or `.el'
- to the specified name LIBRARY (a la calling `load' instead of `load-library')."
- (interactive "sLocate library: ")
- (catch 'answer
- (mapcar
- '(lambda (dir)
- (mapcar
- '(lambda (suf)
- (let ((try (expand-file-name (concat library suf) dir)))
- (and (file-readable-p try)
- (null (file-directory-p try))
- (progn
- (message "Library is file %s" try)
- (throw 'answer try)))))
- (if nosuffix '("") '(".elc" ".el" ""))))
- load-path)
- (message "No library %s in search path" library)
- nil))
-
- ;;; help.el ends here
-