home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- ;;; cust-print.el --- handles print-level and print-circle.
-
- ;; Copyright (C) 1992 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
- ;; Author: Daniel LaLiberte <liberte@cs.uiuc.edu>
- ;; Version: 1.0
- ;; Adapted-By: ESR
- ;; Keywords: extensions
-
- ;; This file is part of GNU Emacs.
-
- ;; GNU Emacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- ;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- ;; the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
- ;; any later version.
-
- ;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- ;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- ;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
- ;; GNU General Public License for more details.
-
- ;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- ;; along with GNU Emacs; see the file COPYING. If not, write to
- ;; the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
-
- ;;; Commentary:
-
- ;; This package provides a general print handler for prin1 and princ
- ;; that supports print-level and print-circle, and by the way,
- ;; print-length since the standard routines are being replaced. Also,
- ;; to print custom types constructed from lists and vectors, use
- ;; custom-print-list and custom-print-vector. See the documentation
- ;; strings of these variables for more details.
-
- ;; If the results of your expressions contain circular references to
- ;; other parts of the same structure, the standard Emacs print
- ;; subroutines may fail to print with an untrappable error,
- ;; "Apparently circular structure being printed". If you only use cdr
- ;; circular lists (where cdrs of lists point back; what is the right
- ;; term here?), you can limit the length of printing with
- ;; print-length. But car circular lists and circular vectors generate
- ;; the above mentioned untrappable error in Emacs version 18. Version
- ;; 19 will support print-level, but it is often useful to get a better
- ;; print representation of circular structures; the print-circle
- ;; option may be used to print more concise representations.
-
- ;; There are two main ways to use this package. First, you may
- ;; replace prin1, princ, and some subroutines that use them by calling
- ;; install-custom-print-funcs so that any use of these functions in
- ;; lisp code will be affected. Second, you could call the custom
- ;; routines directly, thus only affecting the printing that requires
- ;; them.
-
- ;; Note that subroutines which call print subroutines directly will not
- ;; use the custom print functions. In particular, the evaluation
- ;; functions like eval-region call the print subroutines directly.
- ;; Therefore, evaluating (aref circ-list 0), which calls error
- ;; directly (because circ-list is not an array), will jump to the top
- ;; level instead of printing the circular list.
-
- ;; Obviously the right way to implement this custom-print facility
- ;; is in C. Please volunteer since I don't have the time or need.
-
- ;; Implementation design: we want to use the same list and vector
- ;; processing algorithm for all versions of prin1 and princ, since how
- ;; the processing is done depends on print-length, print-level, and
- ;; print-circle. For circle printing, a preprocessing step is
- ;; required before the final printing. Thanks to Jamie Zawinski
- ;; for motivation and algorithms.
-
- ;;=========================================================
- ;; export list:
-
- ;; print-level
- ;; print-circle
-
- ;; custom-print-list
- ;; custom-print-vector
- ;; add-custom-print-list
- ;; add-custom-print-vector
-
- ;; install-custom-print-funcs
- ;; uninstall-custom-print-funcs
-
- ;; custom-prin1
- ;; custom-princ
- ;; custom-prin1-to-string
- ;; custom-print
- ;; custom-format
- ;; custom-message
- ;; custom-error
-
- ;;; Code:
-
- (provide 'custom-print)
-
- ;;(defvar print-length nil
- ;; "*Controls how many elements of a list, at each level, are printed.
- ;;This is defined by emacs.")
-
- (defvar print-level nil
- "*Controls how many levels deep a nested data object will print.
-
- If nil, printing proceeds recursively and may lead to
- max-lisp-eval-depth being exceeded or an untrappable error may occur:
- `Apparently circular structure being printed.'
- Also see `print-length' and `print-circle'.
-
- If non-nil, components at levels equal to or greater than `print-level'
- are printed simply as `#'. The object to be printed is at level 0,
- and if the object is a list or vector, its top-level components are at
- level 1.")
-
-
- (defvar print-circle nil
- "*Controls the printing of recursive structures.
-
- If nil, printing proceeds recursively and may lead to
- `max-lisp-eval-depth' being exceeded or an untrappable error may occur:
- \"Apparently circular structure being printed.\" Also see
- `print-length' and `print-level'.
-
- If non-nil, shared substructures anywhere in the structure are printed
- with `#N=' before the first occurrence (in the order of the print
- representation) and `#N#' in place of each subsequent occurrence,
- where N is a positive decimal integer.
-
- Currently, there is no way to read this representation in Emacs.")
-
-
- (defconst custom-print-list
- nil
- ;; e.g. '((floatp . float-to-string))
- "An alist for custom printing of lists.
- Pairs are of the form (PRED . CONVERTER). If PREDICATE is true
- for an object, then CONVERTER is called with the object and should
- return a string to be printed with `princ'.
- Also see `custom-print-vector'.")
-
- (defconst custom-print-vector
- nil
- "An alist for custom printing of vectors.
- Pairs are of the form (PRED . CONVERTER). If PREDICATE is true
- for an object, then CONVERTER is called with the object and should
- return a string to be printed with `princ'.
- Also see `custom-print-list'.")
-
-
- (defun add-custom-print-list (pred converter)
- "Add a pair of PREDICATE and CONVERTER to `custom-print-list'.
- Any pair that has the same PREDICATE is first removed."
- (setq custom-print-list (cons (cons pred converter)
- (delq (assq pred custom-print-list)
- custom-print-list))))
- ;; e.g. (add-custom-print-list 'floatp 'float-to-string)
-
-
- (defun add-custom-print-vector (pred converter)
- "Add a pair of PREDICATE and CONVERTER to `custom-print-vector'.
- Any pair that has the same PREDICATE is first removed."
- (setq custom-print-vector (cons (cons pred converter)
- (delq (assq pred custom-print-vector)
- custom-print-vector))))
-
-
- ;;====================================================
- ;; Saving and restoring internal printing routines.
-
- (defun cust-print-set-function-cell (symbol-pair)
- (defalias (car symbol-pair)
- (symbol-function (car (cdr symbol-pair)))))
-
-
- (if (not (fboundp 'cust-print-internal-prin1))
- (mapcar 'cust-print-set-function-cell
- '((cust-print-internal-prin1 prin1)
- (cust-print-internal-princ princ)
- (cust-print-internal-print print)
- (cust-print-internal-prin1-to-string prin1-to-string)
- (cust-print-internal-format format)
- (cust-print-internal-message message)
- (cust-print-internal-error error))))
-
-
- (defun install-custom-print-funcs ()
- "Replace print functions with general, customizable, Lisp versions.
- The internal subroutines are saved away, and you can reinstall them
- by running `uninstall-custom-print-funcs'."
- (interactive)
- (mapcar 'cust-print-set-function-cell
- '((prin1 custom-prin1)
- (princ custom-princ)
- (print custom-print)
- (prin1-to-string custom-prin1-to-string)
- (format custom-format)
- (message custom-message)
- (error custom-error)
- )))
-
- (defun uninstall-custom-print-funcs ()
- "Reset print functions to their internal subroutines."
- (interactive)
- (mapcar 'cust-print-set-function-cell
- '((prin1 cust-print-internal-prin1)
- (princ cust-print-internal-princ)
- (print cust-print-internal-print)
- (prin1-to-string cust-print-internal-prin1-to-string)
- (format cust-print-internal-format)
- (message cust-print-internal-message)
- (error cust-print-internal-error)
- )))
-
-
- ;;===============================================================
- ;; Lisp replacements for prin1 and princ and for subrs that use prin1
- ;; (or princ) -- so far only the printing and formatting subrs.
-
- (defun custom-prin1 (object &optional stream)
- "Replacement for standard `prin1'.
- Uses the appropriate printer depending on the values of `print-level'
- and `print-circle' (which see).
-
- Output the printed representation of OBJECT, any Lisp object.
- Quoting characters are printed when needed to make output that `read'
- can handle, whenever this is possible.
- Output stream is STREAM, or value of `standard-output' (which see)."
- (cust-print-top-level object stream 'cust-print-internal-prin1))
-
-
- (defun custom-princ (object &optional stream)
- "Same as `custom-prin1' except no quoting."
- (cust-print-top-level object stream 'cust-print-internal-princ))
-
- (defvar custom-prin1-chars)
-
- (defun custom-prin1-to-string-func (c)
- "Stream function for `custom-prin1-to-string'."
- (setq custom-prin1-chars (cons c custom-prin1-chars)))
-
- (defun custom-prin1-to-string (object)
- "Replacement for standard `prin1-to-string'."
- (let ((custom-prin1-chars nil))
- (custom-prin1 object 'custom-prin1-to-string-func)
- (concat (nreverse custom-prin1-chars))))
-
-
- (defun custom-print (object &optional stream)
- "Replacement for standard `print'."
- (cust-print-internal-princ "\n")
- (custom-prin1 object stream)
- (cust-print-internal-princ "\n"))
-
-
- (defun custom-format (fmt &rest args)
- "Replacement for standard `format'.
-
- Calls format after first making strings for list or vector args.
- The format specification for such args should be `%s' in any case, so a
- string argument will also work. The string is generated with
- `custom-prin1-to-string', which quotes quotable characters."
- (apply 'cust-print-internal-format fmt
- (mapcar (function (lambda (arg)
- (if (or (listp arg) (vectorp arg))
- (custom-prin1-to-string arg)
- arg)))
- args)))
-
-
-
- (defun custom-message (fmt &rest args)
- "Replacement for standard `message' that works like `custom-format'."
- ;; It doesn't work to princ the result of custom-format
- ;; because the echo area requires special handling
- ;; to avoid duplicating the output. cust-print-internal-message does it right.
- ;; (cust-print-internal-princ (apply 'custom-format fmt args))
- (apply 'cust-print-internal-message fmt
- (mapcar (function (lambda (arg)
- (if (or (listp arg) (vectorp arg))
- (custom-prin1-to-string arg)
- arg)))
- args)))
-
-
- (defun custom-error (fmt &rest args)
- "Replacement for standard `error' that uses `custom-format'"
- (signal 'error (list (apply 'custom-format fmt args))))
-
-
- ;;=========================================
- ;; Support for custom prin1 and princ
-
- (defvar circle-table)
- (defvar circle-tree)
- (defvar circle-level)
-
- (defun cust-print-top-level (object stream internal-printer)
- "Set up for printing."
- (let ((standard-output (or stream standard-output))
- (circle-table (and print-circle (cust-print-preprocess-circle-tree object)))
- (circle-level (or print-level -1))
- )
-
- (defalias 'cust-print-internal-printer internal-printer)
- (defalias 'cust-print-low-level-prin
- (cond
- ((or custom-print-list
- custom-print-vector
- print-level ; comment out for version 19
- )
- 'cust-print-custom-object)
- (circle-table
- 'cust-print-object)
- (t 'cust-print-internal-printer)))
- (defalias 'cust-print-prin (if circle-table 'cust-print-circular 'cust-print-low-level-prin))
-
- (cust-print-prin object)
- object))
-
-
- ;; Test object type and print accordingly.
- (defun cust-print-object (object)
- ;; Could be called as either cust-print-low-level-prin or cust-print-prin.
- (cond
- ((null object) (cust-print-internal-printer object))
- ((consp object) (cust-print-list object))
- ((vectorp object) (cust-print-vector object))
- ;; All other types, just print.
- (t (cust-print-internal-printer object))))
-
-
- ;; Test object type and print accordingly.
- (defun cust-print-custom-object (object)
- ;; Could be called as either cust-print-low-level-prin or cust-print-prin.
- (cond
- ((null object) (cust-print-internal-printer object))
-
- ((consp object)
- (or (and custom-print-list
- (cust-print-custom-object1 object custom-print-list))
- (cust-print-list object)))
-
- ((vectorp object)
- (or (and custom-print-vector
- (cust-print-custom-object1 object custom-print-vector))
- (cust-print-vector object)))
-
- ;; All other types, just print.
- (t (cust-print-internal-printer object))))
-
-
- ;; Helper for cust-print-custom-object.
- ;; Print the custom OBJECT using the custom type ALIST.
- ;; For the first predicate that matches the object, the corresponding
- ;; converter is evaluated with the object and the string that results is
- ;; printed with princ. Return nil if no predicate matches the object.
- (defun cust-print-custom-object1 (object alist)
- (while (and alist (not (funcall (car (car alist)) object)))
- (setq alist (cdr alist)))
- ;; If alist is not null, then something matched.
- (if alist
- (cust-print-internal-princ
- (funcall (cdr (car alist)) object) ; returns string
- )))
-
-
- (defun cust-print-circular (object)
- "Printer for `prin1' and `princ' that handles circular structures.
- If OBJECT appears multiply, and has not yet been printed,
- prefix with label; if it has been printed, use `#N#' instead.
- Otherwise, print normally."
- (let ((tag (assq object circle-table)))
- (if tag
- (let ((id (cdr tag)))
- (if (> id 0)
- (progn
- ;; Already printed, so just print id.
- (cust-print-internal-princ "#")
- (cust-print-internal-princ id)
- (cust-print-internal-princ "#"))
- ;; Not printed yet, so label with id and print object.
- (setcdr tag (- id)) ; mark it as printed
- (cust-print-internal-princ "#")
- (cust-print-internal-princ (- id))
- (cust-print-internal-princ "=")
- (cust-print-low-level-prin object)
- ))
- ;; Not repeated in structure.
- (cust-print-low-level-prin object))))
-
-
- ;;================================================
- ;; List and vector processing for print functions.
-
- ;; Print a list using print-length, print-level, and print-circle.
- (defun cust-print-list (list)
- (if (= circle-level 0)
- (cust-print-internal-princ "#")
- (let ((circle-level (1- circle-level)))
- (cust-print-internal-princ "(")
- (let ((length (or print-length 0)))
-
- ;; Print the first element always (even if length = 0).
- (cust-print-prin (car list))
- (setq list (cdr list))
- (if list (cust-print-internal-princ " "))
- (setq length (1- length))
-
- ;; Print the rest of the elements.
- (while (and list (/= 0 length))
- (if (and (listp list)
- (not (assq list circle-table)))
- (progn
- (cust-print-prin (car list))
- (setq list (cdr list)))
-
- ;; cdr is not a list, or it is in circle-table.
- (cust-print-internal-princ ". ")
- (cust-print-prin list)
- (setq list nil))
-
- (setq length (1- length))
- (if list (cust-print-internal-princ " ")))
-
- (if (and list (= length 0)) (cust-print-internal-princ "..."))
- (cust-print-internal-princ ")"))))
- list)
-
-
- ;; Print a vector according to print-length, print-level, and print-circle.
- (defun cust-print-vector (vector)
- (if (= circle-level 0)
- (cust-print-internal-princ "#")
- (let ((circle-level (1- circle-level))
- (i 0)
- (len (length vector)))
- (cust-print-internal-princ "[")
-
- (if print-length
- (setq len (min print-length len)))
- ;; Print the elements
- (while (< i len)
- (cust-print-prin (aref vector i))
- (setq i (1+ i))
- (if (< i (length vector)) (cust-print-internal-princ " ")))
-
- (if (< i (length vector)) (cust-print-internal-princ "..."))
- (cust-print-internal-princ "]")
- ))
- vector)
-
-
- ;;==================================
- ;; Circular structure preprocessing
-
- (defun cust-print-preprocess-circle-tree (object)
- ;; Fill up the table.
- (let (;; Table of tags for each object in an object to be printed.
- ;; A tag is of the form:
- ;; ( <object> <nil-t-or-id-number> )
- ;; The id-number is generated after the entire table has been computed.
- ;; During walk through, the real circle-table lives in the cdr so we
- ;; can use setcdr to add new elements instead of having to setq the
- ;; variable sometimes (poor man's locf).
- (circle-table (list nil)))
- (cust-print-walk-circle-tree object)
-
- ;; Reverse table so it is in the order that the objects will be printed.
- ;; This pass could be avoided if we always added to the end of the
- ;; table with setcdr in walk-circle-tree.
- (setcdr circle-table (nreverse (cdr circle-table)))
-
- ;; Walk through the table, assigning id-numbers to those
- ;; objects which will be printed using #N= syntax. Delete those
- ;; objects which will be printed only once (to speed up assq later).
- (let ((rest circle-table)
- (id -1))
- (while (cdr rest)
- (let ((tag (car (cdr rest))))
- (cond ((cdr tag)
- (setcdr tag id)
- (setq id (1- id))
- (setq rest (cdr rest)))
- ;; Else delete this object.
- (t (setcdr rest (cdr (cdr rest))))))
- ))
- ;; Drop the car.
- (cdr circle-table)
- ))
-
-
-
- (defun cust-print-walk-circle-tree (object)
- (let (read-equivalent-p tag)
- (while object
- (setq read-equivalent-p (or (numberp object) (symbolp object))
- tag (and (not read-equivalent-p)
- (assq object (cdr circle-table))))
- (cond (tag
- ;; Seen this object already, so note that.
- (setcdr tag t))
-
- ((not read-equivalent-p)
- ;; Add a tag for this object.
- (setcdr circle-table
- (cons (list object)
- (cdr circle-table)))))
- (setq object
- (cond
- (tag ;; No need to descend since we have already.
- nil)
-
- ((consp object)
- ;; Walk the car of the list recursively.
- (cust-print-walk-circle-tree (car object))
- ;; But walk the cdr with the above while loop
- ;; to avoid problems with max-lisp-eval-depth.
- ;; And it should be faster than recursion.
- (cdr object))
-
- ((vectorp object)
- ;; Walk the vector.
- (let ((i (length object))
- (j 0))
- (while (< j i)
- (cust-print-walk-circle-tree (aref object j))
- (setq j (1+ j))))))))))
-
-
-
- ;;=======================================
-
- ;; Example.
-
- ;;;; Create some circular structures.
- ;;(setq circ-sym (let ((x (make-symbol "FOO"))) (list x x)))
- ;;(setq circ-list (list 'a 'b (vector 1 2 3 4) 'd 'e 'f))
- ;;(setcar (nthcdr 3 circ-list) circ-list)
- ;;(aset (nth 2 circ-list) 2 circ-list)
- ;;(setq dotted-circ-list (list 'a 'b 'c))
- ;;(setcdr (cdr (cdr dotted-circ-list)) dotted-circ-list)
- ;;(setq circ-vector (vector 1 2 3 4 (list 'a 'b 'c 'd) 6 7))
- ;;(aset circ-vector 5 (make-symbol "-gensym-"))
- ;;(setcar (cdr (aref circ-vector 4)) (aref circ-vector 5))
-
- ;;(install-custom-print-funcs)
- ;;;; (setq print-circle t)
-
- ;;(let ((print-circle t))
- ;; (or (equal (prin1-to-string circ-list) "#1=(a b [1 2 #1# 4] #1# e f)")
- ;; (error "circular object with array printing")))
-
- ;;(let ((print-circle t))
- ;; (or (equal (prin1-to-string dotted-circ-list) "#1=(a b c . #1#)")
- ;; (error "circular object with array printing")))
-
- ;;(let* ((print-circle t)
- ;; (x (list 'p 'q))
- ;; (y (list (list 'a 'b) x 'foo x)))
- ;; (setcdr (cdr (cdr (cdr y))) (cdr y))
- ;; (or (equal (prin1-to-string y) "((a b) . #1=(#2=(p q) foo #2# . #1#))"
- ;; )
- ;; (error "circular list example from CL manual")))
-
- ;;;; There's no special handling of uninterned symbols in custom-print.
- ;;(let ((print-circle nil))
- ;; (or (equal (prin1-to-string circ-sym) "(#:FOO #:FOO)")
- ;; (error "uninterned symbols in list")))
- ;;(let ((print-circle t))
- ;; (or (equal (prin1-to-string circ-sym) "(#1=FOO #1#)")
- ;; (error "circular uninterned symbols in list")))
- ;;(uninstall-custom-print-funcs)
-
- ;;; cust-print.el ends here
-