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- /*-
- * Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1991 The Regents of the University of California.
- * All rights reserved.
- *
- * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
- * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
- * are met:
- * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
- * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
- * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
- * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
- * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
- * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
- * must display the following acknowledgement:
- * This product includes software developed by the University of
- * California, Berkeley and its contributors.
- * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
- * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
- * without specific prior written permission.
- *
- * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
- * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
- * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
- * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
- * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
- * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
- * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
- * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
- * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
- * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
- * SUCH DAMAGE.
- *
- * @(#)kern_clock.c 7.16 (Berkeley) 5/9/91
- */
-
- #include "param.h"
- #include "systm.h"
- #include "dkstat.h"
- #include "callout.h"
- #include "kernel.h"
- #include "proc.h"
- #include "resourcevar.h"
-
- #include "machine/cpu.h"
-
- #ifdef GPROF
- #include "gprof.h"
- #endif
-
- /*
- * Clock handling routines.
- *
- * This code is written to operate with two timers which run
- * independently of each other. The main clock, running at hz
- * times per second, is used to do scheduling and timeout calculations.
- * The second timer does resource utilization estimation statistically
- * based on the state of the machine phz times a second. Both functions
- * can be performed by a single clock (ie hz == phz), however the
- * statistics will be much more prone to errors. Ideally a machine
- * would have separate clocks measuring time spent in user state, system
- * state, interrupt state, and idle state. These clocks would allow a non-
- * approximate measure of resource utilization.
- */
-
- /*
- * TODO:
- * time of day, system/user timing, timeouts, profiling on separate timers
- * allocate more timeout table slots when table overflows.
- */
-
- /*
- * Bump a timeval by a small number of usec's.
- */
- #define BUMPTIME(t, usec) { \
- register struct timeval *tp = (t); \
- \
- tp->tv_usec += (usec); \
- if (tp->tv_usec >= 1000000) { \
- tp->tv_usec -= 1000000; \
- tp->tv_sec++; \
- } \
- }
-
- /*
- * The hz hardware interval timer.
- * We update the events relating to real time.
- * If this timer is also being used to gather statistics,
- * we run through the statistics gathering routine as well.
- */
- hardclock(frame)
- clockframe frame;
- {
- register struct callout *p1;
- register struct proc *p = curproc;
- register struct pstats *pstats;
- register int s;
- int needsoft = 0;
- extern int tickdelta;
- extern long timedelta;
-
- /*
- * Update real-time timeout queue.
- * At front of queue are some number of events which are ``due''.
- * The time to these is <= 0 and if negative represents the
- * number of ticks which have passed since it was supposed to happen.
- * The rest of the q elements (times > 0) are events yet to happen,
- * where the time for each is given as a delta from the previous.
- * Decrementing just the first of these serves to decrement the time
- * to all events.
- */
- p1 = calltodo.c_next;
- while (p1) {
- if (--p1->c_time > 0)
- break;
- needsoft = 1;
- if (p1->c_time == 0)
- break;
- p1 = p1->c_next;
- }
-
- /*
- * Curproc (now in p) is null if no process is running.
- * We assume that curproc is set in user mode!
- */
- if (p)
- pstats = p->p_stats;
- /*
- * Charge the time out based on the mode the cpu is in.
- * Here again we fudge for the lack of proper interval timers
- * assuming that the current state has been around at least
- * one tick.
- */
- if (CLKF_USERMODE(&frame)) {
- if (pstats->p_prof.pr_scale)
- needsoft = 1;
- /*
- * CPU was in user state. Increment
- * user time counter, and process process-virtual time
- * interval timer.
- */
- BUMPTIME(&p->p_utime, tick);
- if (timerisset(&pstats->p_timer[ITIMER_VIRTUAL].it_value) &&
- itimerdecr(&pstats->p_timer[ITIMER_VIRTUAL], tick) == 0)
- psignal(p, SIGVTALRM);
- } else {
- /*
- * CPU was in system state.
- */
- if (p)
- BUMPTIME(&p->p_stime, tick);
- }
-
- /*
- * If the cpu is currently scheduled to a process, then
- * charge it with resource utilization for a tick, updating
- * statistics which run in (user+system) virtual time,
- * such as the cpu time limit and profiling timers.
- * This assumes that the current process has been running
- * the entire last tick.
- */
- if (p) {
- if ((p->p_utime.tv_sec+p->p_stime.tv_sec+1) >
- p->p_rlimit[RLIMIT_CPU].rlim_cur) {
- psignal(p, SIGXCPU);
- if (p->p_rlimit[RLIMIT_CPU].rlim_cur <
- p->p_rlimit[RLIMIT_CPU].rlim_max)
- p->p_rlimit[RLIMIT_CPU].rlim_cur += 5;
- }
- if (timerisset(&pstats->p_timer[ITIMER_PROF].it_value) &&
- itimerdecr(&pstats->p_timer[ITIMER_PROF], tick) == 0)
- psignal(p, SIGPROF);
-
- /*
- * We adjust the priority of the current process.
- * The priority of a process gets worse as it accumulates
- * CPU time. The cpu usage estimator (p_cpu) is increased here
- * and the formula for computing priorities (in kern_synch.c)
- * will compute a different value each time the p_cpu increases
- * by 4. The cpu usage estimator ramps up quite quickly when
- * the process is running (linearly), and decays away
- * exponentially, * at a rate which is proportionally slower
- * when the system is busy. The basic principal is that the
- * system will 90% forget that a process used a lot of CPU
- * time in 5*loadav seconds. This causes the system to favor
- * processes which haven't run much recently, and to
- * round-robin among other processes.
- */
- p->p_cpticks++;
- if (++p->p_cpu == 0)
- p->p_cpu--;
- if ((p->p_cpu&3) == 0) {
- setpri(p);
- if (p->p_pri >= PUSER)
- p->p_pri = p->p_usrpri;
- }
- }
-
- /*
- * If the alternate clock has not made itself known then
- * we must gather the statistics.
- */
- if (phz == 0)
- gatherstats(&frame);
-
- /*
- * Increment the time-of-day, and schedule
- * processing of the callouts at a very low cpu priority,
- * so we don't keep the relatively high clock interrupt
- * priority any longer than necessary.
- */
- if (timedelta == 0)
- BUMPTIME(&time, tick)
- else {
- register delta;
-
- if (timedelta < 0) {
- delta = tick - tickdelta;
- timedelta += tickdelta;
- } else {
- delta = tick + tickdelta;
- timedelta -= tickdelta;
- }
- BUMPTIME(&time, delta);
- }
- if (needsoft) {
- if (CLKF_BASEPRI(&frame)) {
- /*
- * Save the overhead of a software interrupt;
- * it will happen as soon as we return, so do it now.
- */
- (void) splsoftclock();
- softclock(frame);
- } else
- setsoftclock();
- }
- }
-
- int dk_ndrive = DK_NDRIVE;
- /*
- * Gather statistics on resource utilization.
- *
- * We make a gross assumption: that the system has been in the
- * state it is in (user state, kernel state, interrupt state,
- * or idle state) for the entire last time interval, and
- * update statistics accordingly.
- */
- gatherstats(framep)
- clockframe *framep;
- {
- register int cpstate, s;
-
- /*
- * Determine what state the cpu is in.
- */
- if (CLKF_USERMODE(framep)) {
- /*
- * CPU was in user state.
- */
- if (curproc->p_nice > NZERO)
- cpstate = CP_NICE;
- else
- cpstate = CP_USER;
- } else {
- /*
- * CPU was in system state. If profiling kernel
- * increment a counter. If no process is running
- * then this is a system tick if we were running
- * at a non-zero IPL (in a driver). If a process is running,
- * then we charge it with system time even if we were
- * at a non-zero IPL, since the system often runs
- * this way during processing of system calls.
- * This is approximate, but the lack of true interval
- * timers makes doing anything else difficult.
- */
- cpstate = CP_SYS;
- if (curproc == NULL && CLKF_BASEPRI(framep))
- cpstate = CP_IDLE;
- #ifdef GPROF
- s = CLKF_PC(framep) - s_lowpc;
- if (profiling < 2 && s < s_textsize)
- kcount[s / (HISTFRACTION * sizeof (*kcount))]++;
- #endif
- }
- /*
- * We maintain statistics shown by user-level statistics
- * programs: the amount of time in each cpu state, and
- * the amount of time each of DK_NDRIVE ``drives'' is busy.
- */
- cp_time[cpstate]++;
- for (s = 0; s < DK_NDRIVE; s++)
- if (dk_busy&(1<<s))
- dk_time[s]++;
- }
-
- /*
- * Software priority level clock interrupt.
- * Run periodic events from timeout queue.
- */
- /*ARGSUSED*/
- softclock(frame)
- clockframe frame;
- {
-
- for (;;) {
- register struct callout *p1;
- register caddr_t arg;
- register int (*func)();
- register int a, s;
-
- s = splhigh();
- if ((p1 = calltodo.c_next) == 0 || p1->c_time > 0) {
- splx(s);
- break;
- }
- arg = p1->c_arg; func = p1->c_func; a = p1->c_time;
- calltodo.c_next = p1->c_next;
- p1->c_next = callfree;
- callfree = p1;
- splx(s);
- (*func)(arg, a);
- }
- /*
- * If trapped user-mode and profiling, give it
- * a profiling tick.
- */
- if (CLKF_USERMODE(&frame)) {
- register struct proc *p = curproc;
-
- if (p->p_stats->p_prof.pr_scale)
- profile_tick(p, &frame);
- /*
- * Check to see if process has accumulated
- * more than 10 minutes of user time. If so
- * reduce priority to give others a chance.
- */
- if (p->p_ucred->cr_uid && p->p_nice == NZERO &&
- p->p_utime.tv_sec > 10 * 60) {
- p->p_nice = NZERO + 4;
- setpri(p);
- p->p_pri = p->p_usrpri;
- }
- }
- }
-
- /*
- * Arrange that (*func)(arg) is called in t/hz seconds.
- */
- timeout(func, arg, t)
- int (*func)();
- caddr_t arg;
- register int t;
- {
- register struct callout *p1, *p2, *pnew;
- register int s = splhigh();
-
- if (t <= 0)
- t = 1;
- pnew = callfree;
- if (pnew == NULL)
- panic("timeout table overflow");
- callfree = pnew->c_next;
- pnew->c_arg = arg;
- pnew->c_func = func;
- for (p1 = &calltodo; (p2 = p1->c_next) && p2->c_time < t; p1 = p2)
- if (p2->c_time > 0)
- t -= p2->c_time;
- p1->c_next = pnew;
- pnew->c_next = p2;
- pnew->c_time = t;
- if (p2)
- p2->c_time -= t;
- splx(s);
- }
-
- /*
- * untimeout is called to remove a function timeout call
- * from the callout structure.
- */
- untimeout(func, arg)
- int (*func)();
- caddr_t arg;
- {
- register struct callout *p1, *p2;
- register int s;
-
- s = splhigh();
- for (p1 = &calltodo; (p2 = p1->c_next) != 0; p1 = p2) {
- if (p2->c_func == func && p2->c_arg == arg) {
- if (p2->c_next && p2->c_time > 0)
- p2->c_next->c_time += p2->c_time;
- p1->c_next = p2->c_next;
- p2->c_next = callfree;
- callfree = p2;
- break;
- }
- }
- splx(s);
- }
-
- /*
- * Compute number of hz until specified time.
- * Used to compute third argument to timeout() from an
- * absolute time.
- */
- hzto(tv)
- struct timeval *tv;
- {
- register long ticks;
- register long sec;
- int s = splhigh();
-
- /*
- * If number of milliseconds will fit in 32 bit arithmetic,
- * then compute number of milliseconds to time and scale to
- * ticks. Otherwise just compute number of hz in time, rounding
- * times greater than representible to maximum value.
- *
- * Delta times less than 25 days can be computed ``exactly''.
- * Maximum value for any timeout in 10ms ticks is 250 days.
- */
- sec = tv->tv_sec - time.tv_sec;
- if (sec <= 0x7fffffff / 1000 - 1000)
- ticks = ((tv->tv_sec - time.tv_sec) * 1000 +
- (tv->tv_usec - time.tv_usec) / 1000) / (tick / 1000);
- else if (sec <= 0x7fffffff / hz)
- ticks = sec * hz;
- else
- ticks = 0x7fffffff;
- splx(s);
- return (ticks);
- }
-