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- .\" @(#)1.6.t 6.3 (Berkeley) 4/17/91
- .\"
- .sh "Resource controls
- .NH 3
- Process priorities
- .PP
- The system gives CPU scheduling priority to processes that have not used
- CPU time recently. This tends to favor interactive processes and
- processes that execute only for short periods.
- It is possible to determine the priority currently
- assigned to a process, process group, or the processes of a specified user,
- or to alter this priority using the calls:
- .DS
- ._d
- #define PRIO_PROCESS 0 /* process */
- #define PRIO_PGRP 1 /* process group */
- #define PRIO_USER 2 /* user id */
-
- prio = getpriority(which, who);
- result int prio; int which, who;
-
- setpriority(which, who, prio);
- int which, who, prio;
- .DE
- The value \fIprio\fP is in the range \-20 to 20.
- The default priority is 0; lower priorities cause more
- favorable execution.
- The \fIgetpriority\fP call returns the highest priority (lowest numerical value)
- enjoyed by any of the specified processes.
- The \fIsetpriority\fP call sets the priorities of all of the
- specified processes to the specified value.
- Only the super-user may lower priorities.
- .NH 3
- Resource utilization
- .PP
- The resources used by a process are returned by a \fIgetrusage\fP call,
- returning information in a structure defined in \fI<sys/resource.h>\fP:
- .DS
- ._d
- #define RUSAGE_SELF 0 /* usage by this process */
- #define RUSAGE_CHILDREN -1 /* usage by all children */
-
- getrusage(who, rusage)
- int who; result struct rusage *rusage;
-
- ._f
- struct rusage {
- struct timeval ru_utime; /* user time used */
- struct timeval ru_stime; /* system time used */
- int ru_maxrss; /* maximum core resident set size: kbytes */
- int ru_ixrss; /* integral shared memory size (kbytes*sec) */
- int ru_idrss; /* unshared data memory size */
- int ru_isrss; /* unshared stack memory size */
- int ru_minflt; /* page-reclaims */
- int ru_majflt; /* page faults */
- int ru_nswap; /* swaps */
- int ru_inblock; /* block input operations */
- int ru_oublock; /* block output operations */
- int ru_msgsnd; /* messages sent */
- int ru_msgrcv; /* messages received */
- int ru_nsignals; /* signals received */
- int ru_nvcsw; /* voluntary context switches */
- int ru_nivcsw; /* involuntary context switches */
- };
- .DE
- The \fIwho\fP parameter specifies whose resource usage is to be returned.
- The resources used by the current process, or by all
- the terminated children of the current process may be requested.
- .NH 3
- Resource limits
- .PP
- The resources of a process for which limits are controlled by the
- kernel are defined in \fI<sys/resource.h>\fP, and controlled by the
- \fIgetrlimit\fP and \fIsetrlimit\fP calls:
- .DS
- ._d
- #define RLIMIT_CPU 0 /* cpu time in milliseconds */
- #define RLIMIT_FSIZE 1 /* maximum file size */
- #define RLIMIT_DATA 2 /* maximum data segment size */
- #define RLIMIT_STACK 3 /* maximum stack segment size */
- #define RLIMIT_CORE 4 /* maximum core file size */
- #define RLIMIT_RSS 5 /* maximum resident set size */
-
- #define RLIM_NLIMITS 6
-
- #define RLIM_INFINITY 0x7f\&f\&f\&f\&f\&f\&f
-
- ._f
- struct rlimit {
- int rlim_cur; /* current (soft) limit */
- int rlim_max; /* hard limit */
- };
-
- getrlimit(resource, rlp)
- int resource; result struct rlimit *rlp;
-
- setrlimit(resource, rlp)
- int resource; struct rlimit *rlp;
- .DE
- .PP
- Only the super-user can raise the maximum limits.
- Other users may only
- alter \fIrlim_cur\fP within the range from 0 to \fIrlim_max\fP
- or (irreversibly) lower \fIrlim_max\fP.
-