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- @.\" Copyright (c) 1988 The Regents of the University of California.
- .\" All rights reserved.
- .\"
- .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are permitted
- .\" provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
- .\" duplicated in all such forms and that any documentation,
- .\" advertising materials, and other materials related to such
- .\" distribution and use acknowledge that the software was developed
- .\" by the University of California, Berkeley. The name of the
- .\" University may not be used to endorse or promote products derived
- .\" from this software without specific prior written permission.
- .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR
- .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED
- .\" WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
- .\"
- .\" @@(#)sendmail.8 6.3 (Berkeley) 9/20/88
- .\"
- .TH SENDMAIL 8 "September 20, 1988"
- .UC 4
- .SH NAME
- sendmail \- send mail over the internet
- .SH SYNOPSIS
- .B /usr/lib/sendmail
- [
- flags
- ] [
- address ...
- ]
- .PP
- .B newaliases
- .PP
- .B mailq
- [
- .B \-v
- ]
- .SH DESCRIPTION
- .I Sendmail
- sends a message to one or more
- .IR recipients ,
- routing the message over whatever networks
- are necessary.
- .I Sendmail
- does internetwork forwarding as necessary
- to deliver the message to the correct place.
- .PP
- .I Sendmail
- is not intended as a user interface routine;
- other programs provide user-friendly
- front ends;
- .I sendmail
- is used only to deliver pre-formatted messages.
- .PP
- With no flags,
- .I sendmail
- reads its standard input
- up to an end-of-file
- or a line consisting only of a single dot
- and sends a copy of the message found there
- to all of the addresses listed.
- It determines the network(s) to use
- based on the syntax and contents of the addresses.
- .PP
- Local addresses are looked up in a file
- and aliased appropriately.
- Aliasing can be prevented by preceding the address
- with a backslash.
- Normally the sender is not included in any alias
- expansions, e.g.,
- if `john' sends to `group',
- and `group' includes `john' in the expansion,
- then the letter will not be delivered to `john'.
- .PP
- Flags are:
- .TP 1.2i
- .B \-ba
- Go into \s-1ARPANET\s0 mode.
- All input lines must end with a CR-LF,
- and all messages will be generated with a CR-LF at the end.
- Also,
- the ``From:'' and ``Sender:''
- fields are examined for the name of the sender.
- .TP 1.2i
- .B \-bd
- Run as a daemon. This requires Berkeley IPC.
- .I Sendmail
- will fork and run in background
- listening on socket 25 for incoming SMTP connections.
- This is normally run from
- .IR /etc/rc .
- .TP 1.2i
- .B \-bi
- Initialize the alias database.
- .TP 1.2i
- .B \-bm
- Deliver mail in the usual way (default).
- .TP 1.2i
- .B \-bp
- Print a listing of the queue.
- .TP 1.2i
- .B \-bs
- Use the \s-2SMTP\s0 protocol as described in RFC821
- on standard input and output.
- This flag implies all the operations of the
- .B \-ba
- flag that are compatible with \s-2SMTP\s0.
- .TP 1.2i
- .B \-bt
- Run in address test mode.
- This mode reads addresses and shows the steps in parsing;
- it is used for debugging configuration tables.
- .TP 1.2i
- .B \-bv
- Verify names only \- do not try to collect or deliver a message.
- Verify mode is normally used for validating
- users or mailing lists.
- .TP 1.2i
- .B \-bz
- Create the configuration freeze file.
- .TP 1.2i
- .BI \-C file
- Use alternate configuration file.
- .I Sendmail
- refuses to run as root if an alternate configuration file is specified.
- The frozen configuration file is bypassed.
- .TP 1.2i
- .BI \-d X
- Set debugging value to
- .I X.
- .TP 1.2i
- .BI \-F fullname
- Set the full name of the sender.
- .TP 1.2i
- .BI \-f name
- Sets the name of the ``from'' person
- (i.e., the sender of the mail).
- .B \-f
- can only be used
- by ``trusted'' users
- (normally
- .I root,
- .I daemon,
- and
- .I network)
- or if the person you are trying to become
- is the same as the person you are.
- .TP 1.2i
- .BI \-h N
- Set the hop count to
- .I N.
- The hop count is incremented every time the mail is
- processed.
- When it reaches a limit,
- the mail is returned with an error message,
- the victim of an aliasing loop.
- If not specified,
- ``Received:'' lines in the message are counted.
- .TP 1.2i
- .B \-n
- Don't do aliasing.
- .TP 1.2i
- .BI \-o x\|value
- Set option
- .I x
- to the specified
- .I value.
- Options are described below.
- .TP 1.2i
- .BI \-q[ time ]
- Processed saved messages in the queue at given intervals.
- If
- .I time
- is omitted,
- process the queue once.
- .I Time
- is given as a tagged number,
- with `s' being seconds,
- `m' being minutes,
- `h' being hours,
- `d' being days,
- and
- `w' being weeks.
- For example,
- ``\-q1h30m'' or ``\-q90m''
- would both set the timeout to one hour thirty minutes.
- If
- .I time
- is specified,
- .I sendmail
- will run in background.
- This option can be used safely with
- .BR \-bd .
- .TP 1.2i
- .BI \-r name
- An alternate and obsolete form of the
- .B \-f
- flag.
- .TP 1.2i
- .B \-t
- Read message for recipients.
- To:, Cc:, and Bcc: lines will be scanned for recipient addresses.
- The Bcc: line will be deleted before transmission.
- Any addresses in the argument list will be suppressed,
- that is,
- they will
- .I not
- receive copies even if listed in the message header.
- .TP 1.2i
- .B \-v
- Go into verbose mode.
- Alias expansions will be announced, etc.
- .PP
- There are also a number of processing options that may be set.
- Normally these will only be used by a system administrator.
- Options may be set either on the command line
- using the
- .B \-o
- flag
- or in the configuration file.
- These are described in detail in the
- .ul
- Sendmail Installation and Operation Guide.
- The options are:
- .TP 1.2i
- .RI A file
- Use alternate alias file.
- .TP 1.2i
- c
- On mailers that are considered ``expensive'' to connect to,
- don't initiate immediate connection.
- This requires queueing.
- .TP 1.2i
- .RI d x
- Set the delivery mode to
- .I x.
- Delivery modes are
- `i' for interactive (synchronous) delivery,
- `b' for background (asynchronous) delivery,
- and
- `q' for queue only \- i.e.,
- actual delivery is done the next time the queue is run.
- .TP 1.2i
- D
- Try to automatically rebuild the alias database
- if necessary.
- .TP 1.2i
- .RI e x
- Set error processing to mode
- .I x.
- Valid modes are
- `m' to mail back the error message,
- `w' to ``write'' back the error message
- (or mail it back if the sender is not logged in),
- `p' to print the errors on the terminal
- (default),
- `q' to throw away error messages
- (only exit status is returned),
- and `e'
- to do special processing for the BerkNet.
- If the text of the message is not mailed back
- by
- modes `m' or `w'
- and if the sender is local to this machine,
- a copy of the message is appended to the file
- ``dead.letter''
- in the sender's home directory.
- .TP 1.2i
- .RI F mode
- The mode to use when creating temporary files.
- .TP 1.2i
- f
- Save UNIX-style From lines at the front of messages.
- .TP 1.2i
- .RI g N
- The default group id to use when calling mailers.
- .TP 1.2i
- .RI H file
- The SMTP help file.
- .TP 1.2i
- i
- Do not take dots on a line by themselves
- as a message terminator.
- .TP 1.2i
- .RI L n
- The log level.
- .TP 1.2i
- m
- Send to ``me'' (the sender) also if I am in an alias expansion.
- .TP 1.2i
- o
- If set, this message may have
- old style headers.
- If not set,
- this message is guaranteed to have new style headers
- (i.e., commas instead of spaces between addresses).
- If set, an adaptive algorithm is used that will correctly
- determine the header format in most cases.
- .TP 1.2i
- .RI Q queuedir
- Select the directory in which to queue messages.
- .TP 1.2i
- .RI r timeout
- The timeout on reads;
- if none is set,
- .I sendmail
- will wait forever for a mailer.
- This option violates the word (if not the intent) of the SMTP specification,
- show the timeout should probably be fairly large.
- .TP 1.2i
- .RI S file
- Save statistics in the named file.
- .TP 1.2i
- s
- Always instantiate the queue file,
- even under circumstances where it is not strictly necessary.
- This provides safety against system crashes during delivery.
- .TP 1.2i
- .RI T time
- Set the timeout on undelivered messages in the queue to the specified time.
- After delivery has failed
- (e.g., because of a host being down)
- for this amount of time,
- failed messages will be returned to the sender.
- The default is three days.
- .TP 1.2i
- .RI t stz,dtz
- Set the name of the time zone.
- .TP 1.2i
- .RI u N
- Set the default user id for mailers.
- .PP
- In aliases,
- the first character of a name may be
- a vertical bar to cause interpretation of
- the rest of the name as a command
- to pipe the mail to.
- It may be necessary to quote the name
- to keep
- .I sendmail
- from suppressing the blanks from between arguments.
- For example, a common alias is:
- .PP
- msgs: "|/usr/ucb/msgs -s"
- .PP
- Aliases may also have the syntax ``:include:\c
- .IR filename ''
- to ask
- .I sendmail
- to read the named file for a list of recipients.
- For example, an alias such as:
- .PP
- poets: ":include:/usr/local/lib/poets.list"
- .PP
- would read
- .I /usr/local/lib/poets.list
- for the list of addresses making up the group.
- .PP
- .I Sendmail
- returns an exit status
- describing what it did.
- The codes are defined in
- .RI < sysexits.h >
- .ta 3n +\w'EX_UNAVAILABLE'u+3n
- .de XX
- .ti \n(.iu
- ..
- .in +\w'EX_UNAVAILABLE'u+6n
- .XX
- EX_OK Successful completion on all addresses.
- .XX
- EX_NOUSER User name not recognized.
- .XX
- EX_UNAVAILABLE Catchall meaning necessary resources
- were not available.
- .XX
- EX_SYNTAX Syntax error in address.
- .XX
- EX_SOFTWARE Internal software error,
- including bad arguments.
- .XX
- EX_OSERR Temporary operating system error,
- such as \*(lqcannot fork\*(rq.
- .XX
- EX_NOHOST Host name not recognized.
- .XX
- EX_TEMPFAIL Message could not be sent immediately,
- but was queued.
- .PP
- If invoked as
- .I newaliases,
- .I sendmail
- will rebuild the alias database.
- If invoked as
- .I mailq,
- .I sendmail
- will print the contents of the mail queue.
- .SH FILES
- Except for
- /usr/lib/sendmail.cf,
- these pathnames are all specified in
- /usr/lib/sendmail.cf.
- Thus,
- these values are only approximations.
- .PP
- .if t .ta 2i
- .if n .ta 3i
- /usr/lib/aliases raw data for alias names
- .br
- /usr/lib/aliases.pag
- .br
- /usr/lib/aliases.dir data base of alias names
- .br
- /usr/lib/sendmail.cf configuration file
- .br
- /usr/lib/sendmail.fc frozen configuration
- .br
- /usr/lib/sendmail.hf help file
- .br
- /usr/lib/sendmail.st collected statistics
- .br
- /usr/spool/mqueue/* temp files
- .SH SEE\ ALSO
- binmail(1), mail(1), rmail(1), syslog(3),
- aliases(5), mailaddr(7), rc(8);
- .br
- DARPA Internet Request For Comments
- RFC819, RFC821, RFC822;
- .br
- .ul
- Sendmail \- An Internetwork Mail Router
- (SMM:16);
- .br
- .ul
- Sendmail Installation and Operation Guide
- (SMM:7)
- @
-
-
- 6.3.0.1
- log
- @Added -M, -R, -S flags to select queued messages based on queue-id,
- recipient, or sender address.
- @
- text
- @a106 3
- .B \-bb
- Read batched SMTP (BSMTP) commands from standard input.
- .TP 1.2i
- a191 14
- .TP 1.2i
- .BI \-M ident
- Process the queued message with the queue id
- .IR ident .
- .TP 1.2i
- .BI \-R addr
- Process the queued messages that have the string
- .I addr
- in one of the recipient addresses.
- .TP 1.2i
- .BI \-S addr
- Process the queued messages that have the string
- .I addr
- in the sender address.
- @
-