home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- Installation Notes
- on the
- Xgopher client
-
-
- These notes describe Xgopher version 1.3, completed in May 1993.
-
-
- +---------------------+
- | System Requirements |
- +---------------------+
-
- Xgopher requires Release 4 or 5 of the X window system, version 11. It uses
- the Athena widget set, the X toolkit intrinsics, and the X library.
- Xgopher contains many dependencies on the Unix operating system.
-
- PLEASE NOTE: Xgopher was developed using X11R5 platforms. It should work
- with X11R4 also, but may require a small change. For most
- computers, this change will not be necessary. If you
- receive errors when compiling with X11R4, see the note below.
-
-
- +---------------+
- | Documentation |
- +---------------+
-
- This README file contains installation instructions.
- The Documents subdirectory contains considerable additional information
- on porting Xgopher to other Unix systems and configuring Xgopher.
-
- +--------------+
- | Installation |
- +--------------+
-
- The Xgopher program will likely be obtained as a Unix tar file.
- After using tar to extract the contents of this file, perform
- the following steps.
-
- 1. Modify the configuration file (conf.h). If you do not modify this
- file at all, then Xgopher will connect to the University of Illinois
- gopher server by default. The comments in the file tell you what
- is expected. Possibly little change will be necessary, but at least
- consider changing the default top-level gopher server host name to
- a server near you. These are just the compiled-in defaults, most
- can still be changed at run-time to accommodate individual preferences.
-
- +------------------------------------------------------------------------+
- | OPEN WINDOWS ALERT! |
- | If you are COMPILING with Sun's OpenWindows (Version 3) libraries, |
- | replace step 2 with the steps outlined below for OpenWindows. |
- +------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-
- 2. xmkmf
- (this will turn the Imakefile into a Makefile, if X11R5
- is properly installed on your system.)
- +------------------------------------------------------------------------+
- | If you do not have xmkmf or imake, you can edit and use the file |
- | Makefile.NoNo (named to discourage its use), as your Makefile. |
- | If you use Makefile.NoNo, skip step 3. |
- +------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-
- 3. make depend
- (this will build the include file dependency information
- into the Makefile.)
-
- 4. make
- (this will compile the 37 or so source files and link them
- with X11 to produce the executable file xgopher.)
-
- 5. Modify the application defaults file (Xgopher.ad).
- Little change may be necessary. However, the entries in this
- file (e.g., for host name, port number, help file name, etc.)
- override those defaults compiled into xgopher through
- the configuration file (step 1).
-
- 6. Make the application defaults file (Xgopher.ad) known to X.
- There are several ways to do this for testing without installing
- the file in a system directory. Choose one of the following -
- whichever is most comfortable for you.
-
-
- IMPORTANT! Although you can test Xgopher with old (pre Xgopher 1.3)
- resource files on your system, you may see some warning
- messages. These are informatory only. For final installation,
- remove all of the application defaults from previous
- versions of Xgopher before you install Xgopher 1.3.
-
-
- a. xrdb -merge Xgopher.ad
-
- b. setenv XENVIRONMENT `pwd`/Xgopher.ad
- (`pwd` will return the current directory, which should be the
- Xgopher source directory.)
-
- c. if you have your own app-defaults directory, for example, ~/app-defaults:
- setenv XAPPLRESDIR ~/app-defaults/
- cp Xgopher.ad ~/app-defaults/Xgopher
- Note the name change.
-
- COLOR OPTION: If you are using a color display, it is strongly
- recommended that you also include the Xgopher
- color resources. if you used method (a) above, then
- also use:
- xrdb -merge Xgopher-color.ad -nocpp
-
- Otherwise, consider using the file Xgopher-complete.ad
- instead of Xgopher.ad. The former file has all of the
- color resources included in it.
-
- This is sufficient for now, and to let you test. For
- permanent installation, see the later section of this
- document which discusses color resources.
-
- For final installation, this file will be stored in the X
- application defaults directory, with the file named Xgopher.
- Depending on where your X (or OpenWindows) libraries are installed,
- this will be the file such as /usr/lib/X11/app-defaults/Xgopher.
-
- 7. to test:
- xgopher
- (this executes the xgopher program!)
-
- (If you see messages like this:
- Warning: Cannot convert string "indexLabel" to type Widget
- It means that you have old Xgopher resources left somewhere in
- your resource files or server. The message is probably harmless,
- but you should get rid of the old files before installing Xgopher 1.3
- permanantly.)
-
- +------------------------------------------------------------------------+
- | SUN USER ALERT! |
- | Whether you are using X11R5 or Sun's OpenWindows (version 3), |
- | you may receive an error saying that Xgopher cannot connect to |
- | the gopher server. If this happens to you, see the additional |
- | help in the file Documents/Porting. |
- +------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-
- 8. to install Xgopher on your system:
- With root privileges:
- make install
- make install.man
- this should install the 4 files needed by Xgopher.
-
- If you wish to install all of the files manually instead of using the
- "make install" sequence, the four files that need to be installed are:
-
- xgopher this is the xgopher 1.3 program. It may be installed
- as the file xgopher in /usr/local/bin, for example.
- xgopher.help the help text file. It may be installed with this
- name in /usr/local/lib, for example. Note that its
- path name was compiled in to Xgopher through the Imakefile.
- The resource file (Xgopher.ad) can override this.
- Xgopher.ad the X application defaults file. It may be installed
- as Xgopher, in /usr/lib/X11/app-defaults, for example.
- xgopher.man the user documentation (man page). It may be installed
- as xgopher.l (letter l), in /usr/man/manl, for example.
-
-
- +-------------+
- | OpenWindows |
- +-------------+
-
- Many people compile with MIT's X11 library then use Sun's OpenWindows
- server. This is never a problem.
-
- +------------------------------------------------------------------------+
- | If you are compiling Xgopher with the MIT X11 software, you should |
- | not be using this part of the installation instructions. Return |
- | immediately to step 2 above. |
- +------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-
- Some problems arise when compiling with the OpenWindows 3 libraries.
- OpenWindows 2 cannot be used as it is an implementation of X11R3.
-
- I will try to help people who want to compile with OW3, but I do not
- have good access to such a system, nor am I proficient with its use.
- With this caveat, I will say that I have invested considerable effort
- to understand the problems people have been reporting with OW3 and
- in modifying the Imakefile to avoid these problems.
-
- (Solaris 2.1)
- My comments here apply to SunOS 4.x, not necessarily to Solaris.
- I have had somewhat better luck in my quick visit with Solaris 2.1
- using the "standard" procedures - with one exception. For Solaris 2.1,
- in the Imakefile, I needed to chande the line
-
- EXTRA_LIBRARIES = -lm
- to
- EXTRA_LIBRARIES = -lm -lsocket -lnsl
- (This line is commented out in the Makefile; you may need to include it
- depending on your networking software configuration on your Sun.)
- With this change you can probably continue with the installation
- procedure as documented above.
-
- You also may need to uncomment out the line beginning "LOCAL_DEFINES"
- which defines the symbols SYSV and SVR4 in case your imake templates
- do not already define these symbols.
-
-
- Sun supplies a version of xmkmf and imake. However, these point
- to incorrect directories for the build and installation of software.
- Also, their Xmu library is broken for dynamic loading.
-
- +------------------------------------------------------------------------+
- | There are two solutions to this problem. Choose one of the following: |
- | |
- | (1) Use the work-arounds I suggest below. |
- | (2) Fix everything the right way, patching Sun's software |
- | |
- | Your desire and ability to modify system files may determine your |
- | choice. |
- +------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-
- Use either method (1) or method (2) below - not both.
-
- (1) To use the work-around:
-
- I have provided the file Documents/OW3-site.def in the Xgopher
- directory, which should correct enough of the problems with Sun's
- imake template files to allow you to build Xgopher. Feel free to
- modify this file if you need to. You will rename it to site.def
- in step 2c below.
-
-
- To compile with OW3, replace step 2 of the installation instructions
- with the following:
-
- 2a. Make sure that your environment variable OPENWINHOME is set
- to the proper directory - the top level of your OW3 tree.
-
- 2b. Edit the Imakefile to uncomment the 3 lines which are
- well-marked in the Imakefile:
-
- MKDIRHIER = BourneShell $(BINDIR)/mkdirhier
- EXTRA_LIBRARIES = -lresolv -lm
- XMULIB = -lm -Bstatic -lXmu -Bdynamic
-
- (Or, Stew Ellis suggests that you can avoid the use of
- -Bstatic by using the parameter "-assert nodefinitions".
- Use the following line instead of the XMULIB defined above:
- XMULIB = -assert nodefinitions -lXmu
- I have not tested this.)
-
- 2c. Rename or copy the file Documents/OW3-site.def to be site.def.
- For example:
-
- cp Documents/OW3-site.def site.def
-
- This file is read by the imake command to build your Makefile.
-
- 2d. Instead of xmkmf, use the following command:
-
- imake -DUseInstalled -I. $OPENWINHOME/lib/config
-
- Be sure that this is the imake from $OPENWINHOME/bin/imake
- and not an X11 directory. Use "which imake" or check your
- path if you are not positive.
-
-
- The -Bstatic load option (in step 2b) is necessary to avoid loader
- warnings of unresolved externals for:
-
- _get_vwShellWidgetClass
- _get_applicationShellWidgetClass
-
- I have tried loading without -Bstatic. I get errors telling me that
- these are missing, but the resulting xgopher binary still seems to
- work. If you are willing to risk a possible future error, you may
- omit the -Bstatic option. (Larry Butler butler@rex.cs.tulane.edu
- reports that the binarys work fine with either the OpenWindows X
- server or MIT's X11R4 server and twm, but that they kill openlook.
- I think he is refering to the OpenLook Window Manager.)
-
-
- (2) To fix everything the right way, patching Sun's software:
-
- * NOTE * I have not tested these patches and cannot take
- responsibility for their correct behavior.
- They have been kindly supplied by a Sun user
- (Dawn Endico).
-
- Apply the following patches to Sun's libXmu and libXt:
-
- libXmu: 100573-03.tar.Z
- libXt: 100512-02.tar.Z
-
- They are available from: iskut.ucs.ubc.ca:/pub/ubc/sun-patches
- or: dragon.cso.uiuc.edu:/SUN-FIXES
-
-
- Apply the supplied patch to the OpenWindows xmkmf software.
- The file Documents/OW3-xmkmf.patch contains this patch.
-
- You should NOT be using the file Documents/OW3-site.def. That file
- is only for working around Sun's xmkmf as a temporary fix.
-
- Then you can use xmkmf as described in step 2 of the installation
- instructions for non-OpenWindows systems.
-
- You may still need to load with -lm (the math library). If
- you get unresolved external references to routines such as
- sin, cos, pow, floor, then insert the line:
-
- EXTRA_LIBRARIES = -lm
-
- near the start of the Imakefile
-
-
-
-
- +---------------+
- | X11 Release 4 |
- +---------------+
-
- There has been considerable interest in compiling Xgopher under X11R4.
- I have tried to provide that capability to the extent possible.
- If you use X11R4, certain tests in the file compatR4.h should detect
- this and automatically define the symbol XGOPHER_X11R4.
-
- Unlike previous versions of Xgopher, you should not need to take
- special action to compile with MIT's X11R4 libraries. However, some
- vendor libraries may fail these tests.
-
- If these tests fail, then you should define this symbol
- yourself in the file conf.h by removing the comments from the define
- statement (or use -DXGOPHER_X11R4 as a compiler option). This will cause
- the compiler to omit some minor R5 specific things without loss of
- functionality.
-
- I cannot promise to maintain this backwards compatibility forever.
- I do not have good access to an X11R4 library for testing so
- I must depend on feedback from others to detect release-dependencies.
-
-
-
- +---------------+
- | Customization |
- +---------------+
-
- The installer may wish to customize some of the Xgopher features
- such as the image display, telnet, or other commands. These are
- all described in the file Documents/Install-Customization. This
- document also mentions some alternative "plug-compatible" widgets
- that could be used to modify the appearance of Xgopher.
-
- There is another writeup, Documents/Customization, which describes
- changes that a user may use in configuring Xgopher. This latter
- file should be available to knowledgable end-users.
-
-
- +------------------------+
- | Color Resource Support |
- +------------------------+
-
- The supplied defaults file (Xgopher.ad) will work fine on all color
- displays and black & white displays. It has no color definitions.
- Depending on your users of Xgopher, you may want to install certain
- versions of these app-defaults files.
-
- This section is for the installer of Xgopher. A separate document,
- "Customization", provides information for other users of Xgopher.
-
- If EVERY Xgopher user has a black and white display screen, then just
- use the file Xgopher.ad. (You needn't read further in this section.)
-
- If EVERY Xgopher user has a color display screen, then you can use
- the file Xgopher-complete.ad, which has colors defined in addition
- to all the rest of the resources. Rename it to be Xgopher.ad and
- install it as Xgopher in the system defaults directory.
-
- In many cases, both black and white screens and color screens are
- present at an installation. If so, it is poor practice to install
- the color resources file only - monochrome users may get poor results
- such as black characters on a black background.
-
- One suggestion is to install the standard Xgopher.ad file, then
- let each color user keep their own resources file with only color
- preferences. This file would be used in their personal .Xdefaults
- or xrdb data files. The file Xgopher-color.ad can be copied to
- get a suggested set of colors.
-
- For sites running X11R4 and using both color and non-color displays,
- the above is the only solution. It will also work with X11R5.
-
- There is another possibility for sites with X11R5. I encourage you to
- look at the "customization" option that will allow you to install both
- color and B&W resource files, and conditionally load the color one
- automatically depending on the screen you are using.
-
- For X11R5, the Imakefile will handle the installation of both the
- monochrome and color resources files:
-
- Xgopher-color.ad as Xgopher-color
- Xgopher.ad as Xgopher
-
- Then, each and every user can add the following to the file they
- input to xrdb:
-
- #ifdef COLOR
- *customization: -color
- #endif
-
- The #ifdef will determine whether you are on a color screen, and if
- so, use the color resource file. The color resource file "includes"
- the standard Xgopher resource file.
-
-
-
- +----------+
- | Problems |
- +----------+
-
- Please report and problems, suggestions, or portability problems to
- the author of xgopher. e-mail contact is preferred:
-
- Allan Tuchman
- Computing and Communications Services Office (CCSO)
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- 1304 W. Springfield Ave.
- Urbana, Illinois 61801
- USA
-
- (217) 244-0048
- a-tuchman@uiuc.edu
-
-
-
- +--------------------+
- | Other Contributors |
- +--------------------+
-
- Thanks to all people who took the time to send me their comments,
- suggestions, and problems in previous versions of Xgopher.
- All bug reports and most of the suggestions have been
- incorporated into Xgopher 1.3.
-
- Of course, the present author assumes responsibility for any
- problems introduced.
-