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-
- README for Slackware Linux 4.0.0.
-
- Slackware 4.0 is a complete distribution of the Linux operating system. This
- version contains the 2.2.6 Linux kernel, plus recent versions of these (and
- other) software packages:
-
- - Kernel modules 2.2.6
- - PPP daemon 2.2.0f and 2.3.7
- - Dynamic linker (ld.so) 1.9.9
- - C compiler egcs-1.1.2 and gcc-2.7.2.3
- - Binutils 2.9.1.0.19a
- - Linux C Library libc.so.5.4.46
- - Linux C++ Library libstdc++.so.2.9.0
- - Termcap libtermcap.so.2.0.8
- - Procps 2.0.2
- - Gpm 1.14
- - SysVinit 2.76-3
- - Shadow Password Suite shadow-19990307
- - Util-linux util-linux-2.9i
- - X Window System XFree86 3.3.3.1
-
- Mail here _pours_ in at high volume, but feel free to report any problems you
- find. I can't promise a response but I *do* appreciate the help people offer
- me in fixing problems. Also, if you do write to me, please use include a
- valid email address somewhere in the message itself. You'd be surprised how
- many people I can't write back to because the return address is mangled for
- some reason. Some of these people are even writing to me in reference to
- mail-related problems... "Why is my return address on outgoing mail wrong?" :^)
-
-
- This is what you'll find in the subdirectories below:
-
-
- bootdsks.144, bootdsks.12, rootdsks:
- Boot/install disks for 1.44M and 1.2M floppy drives. You will
- need at least one boot disk and one rootdisk to install this
- software. See the README files in these directories for more
- information.
-
- slakware/a1 - slakware/a15: The base system. Enough to get up and running and
- have elvis and comm programs available. Based around the
- 2.2.6 Linux kernel, and concepts from the Linux filesystem
- standard. Installing the entire A series requires 40 MB.
-
- These disks are known to fit on 1.2M disks, although the rest
- of Slackware won't. If you have only a 1.2M floppy, you can
- still install the base system, download other disks you want
- and install them from your hard drive.
-
- slakware/ap1: Linux applications. These are some useful programs, including
- better editors, file quota utilities, a spell checker, man
- pages (and the groff package needed to process them), a Norton
- Commander clone called the Midnight Commander, extra shells, and
- other utilities. Installing the entire AP series uses 25 MB.
-
- slakware/d1: Program development. egcs-1.1.2 (gcc-2.8 based C/C++/f77/
- Objective-C compiler from egcs.cygnus.com), gcc-2.7.2.3 (C and
- C++ compiler), make (GNU and BSD), byacc and GNU bison, flex,
- 5.4.46 C libraries, gdb, SVGAlib, ncurses, gcl (LISP), p2c, m4,
- perl, python-1.5.1, rcs. Installing the entire D series will
- require 65 MB.
-
- slakware/e1: GNU Emacs 20.3. This is a text editor with about a million
- extra features that allow you to read your mail, news, edit
- and compile programs, and just about anything else you might
- need to do. Installing the entire E series will require 40 MB.
-
- slakware/f1: A collection of FAQs and other documentation. Installing the
- F series requires about 13 MB.
-
- slakware/k1: Source code for the 2.2.6 Linux kernel. You'll need this
- (along with the C compiler and utilities from the D series) if
- you want to recompile your Linux kernel. Installing the K
- series will require 60 MB, and you'll need more to compile it.
-
- slakware/n1 - slakware/n9: Networking. This package contains TCP/IP and UUCP
- support for Slackware, including packages to support SLIP/PPP,
- mail programs such as sendmail, pine, and elm, news readers
- like tin, trn, and nn, the Apache Web server, INN and cnews news
- servers, lynx Web browser, the netatalk Mac server, and Samba
- server for Windows networks. Installing the entire N series
- will use 35 MB.
-
- slakware/t1: teTeX 0.9-990309 - teTeX is Thomas Esser's TeX distribution
- for Linux. Installing the entire T series requires 95 MB.
-
- slakware/tcl1: Tcl, Tk, TclX, Tix, expect; built with ELF shared libraries
- and dynamic loading support. The TCL series needs about 14 MB.
-
- slakware/y1: Games. The BSD games collection, Koules, Lizards,
- and Sasteroids. Installing the entire Y series will use about
- 8 MB.
-
- contrib This directory contains extra packages for Slackware, such as
- the Andrew User Interface System (lets you create, use, and
- mail multi-media documents and applications).
-
-
- --------- Packages for the X window system:
-
-
- slakware/x1: The X Window System, from XFree86 3.3.3.1, with libXpm,
- fvwm2_2.0.46-BETA, and xlock added. Also includes xf86config,
- an XF86Config writing program - just tell it your video card,
- mouse, and monitor, and it will configure XFree86 for you!
- The entire X series requires 78 MB.
-
- slakware/xap1: Applications for the X Window System. Extra programs for X,
- such as file managers (TkDesk, xfm, xfilemanager), the K Desktop
- Environment (a full-featured, user friendly graphical user
- interface), a window manager that makes X resemble Windows95
- (fvwm95), graphical web browsers (Arena and Netscape
- Communicator), image editing and processing apps (xv, GNU gimp),
- a fractal generator (xfractint), communications programs, and
- more. Installing the entire XAP series will require about
- 140 MB.
-
- slakware/xd1: Tools to recompile X servers. This is a kit used to relink your
- server, perhaps to compile in support for a new video card. Not
- many people will need to install this -- this series is not
- needed to compile X applications. Installing the XD series
- will use about 15 MB.
-
- slakware/xv1: xview3.2p1-X11R6. The XView series adds support for the Open
- Look window manager (commonly used on Sun systems), and for
- compiling XView applications. The XV series uses 11 MB.
-
-
- --------- ZipSlack, an easy to download and install version of Slackware for
- DOS/Windows machines:
-
-
- zipslack This directory contains ZipSlack, a version of Slackware
- supplied as a single 35 megabyte ZIP archive. Installation
- is as simple as unzipping zipslack.zip on a DOS partition or
- Zip disk. It does not come with X, but is otherwise fairly
- complete, including networking and development tools. The
- package management tools let you add as much extra software
- as you need (such as X) once you boot the system. For more
- information, see the zipslack/README.1st file.
-
-
- ================================================================================
-
-
- Installation notes for Slackware Linux:
-
- A more detailed description of the installation process may be found in the
- file INSTALL.TXT, the "Installation-HOWTO", by Matt Welsh.
-
-
- INSTALLATION DISKS:
-
- You will need two installation disks: a "bootdisk" and a "rootdisk". To make
- your bootdisk/rootdisk combination, you'll have to write the floppy images
- onto a pair of formatted floppy disks. (if your CD-ROM drive is bootable, you
- might try booting the CD-ROM -- some Slackware CD-ROMs are directly bootable,
- eliminating the need to make boot and root disks)
-
- _The Bootdisk_
-
- The bootdisk contains the Linux kernel which will be used on your system, so
- it's important to choose this carefully. The bootdisk images are found
- in ./bootdsks.144 (or ./bootdsks.12 if your boot floppy drive is the old 1.2
- meg type) and the rootdisk images are found in ./rootdsks. The README.TXT in
- the bootdisk image directory explains the various choices in detail, but in
- most cases, primarily IDE systems can use the 'bare.i' bootdisk, and systems
- with a SCSI controller can use the 'scsi.s' bootdisk.
-
- The usual way to write out the floppy is with the RAWRITE.EXE utility. This
- should be run under real MS-DOS, if possible. People using Win95 and NT have
- reported running into problems with RAWRITE.EXE, but might be able to use the
- alternate version RAWRITE12.EXE. The image is written to a floppy in drive A:
- like this:
-
- RAWRITE.EXE bare.i a:
-
- If you are using a Unix workstation (such as a Sun), you may write out the
- image with 'cat' or 'dd' like this:
-
- cat bare.i > /dev/rdf0
-
- or: dd if=scsinet of=/dev/(rdf0, rdf0c, fd0, or whatever) obs=18k
- This uses an 18K block size, which is needed on some workstations.
- On the ones where it's not needed, it still probably doesn't hurt.
-
- _The Rootdisk_
-
- You'll also need a rootdisk. This disk is a compressed Linux filesystem
- containing a basic set of Linux software, including the installation program.
- The usual choice is "color.gz", which is used to install Linux onto a
- dedicated Linux partition. The image is written to a floppy in drive A:
- like this:
-
- RAWRITE.EXE color.gz a:
-
- You may also write the image using 'cat' or 'dd' as described above.
-
- There are other rootdisks available for different types of installations,
- such as installing into a C:\LINUX directory on an existing FAT/FAT32 drive,
- or through PCMCIA devices like CD-ROM drives and ethernet cards.
-
-
- PREPARING DISK SETS (floppy install only)
-
- Slackware's A (base) and N (network) software sets can be installed from
- floppy disks as well. It's pretty rare these days for anyone to attempt an
- installation from floppy disk, and it's usually only done on laptops or other
- machines that have no CD-ROM drive or modem (i.e. there is no other choice).
-
- You can skip this section if you're installing from CD-ROM or have copied the
- /slakware/ directory tree (containing the .tgz packages) to your hard drive to
- install from there.
-
- To install from floppies, you'll need to make the disk sets you wish to install
- on 1.44 megabyte MS-DOS formatted disks. You'll want to download the contents
- of each of the A and N subdirectories of ./slakware/, copying the files onto
- the DOS floppies. For example, to make the "A1" disk (the first floppy in the
- base series), you'd copy the files in the ./slakware/a1 directory to a
- floppy disk:
-
- cd slakware
- cd a1
- copy *.* a:
-
- If you need to download the files, be sure to include the index files. These
- have names like 'diska1', 'diska2', and so on. Sometimes badly written DOS
- software doesn't transfer or copy these files since they don't have a file
- extension (.txt, .exe, .com, etc). If the index files are missing, you'll
- get an error that the A series can not be found.
-
- Once you've installed the A and N series, and the machine is running Linux,
- the rest of the packages you need can be installed from your hard drive.
-
-
- INSTALLING FROM HARD DRIVE OR NETWORK:
-
- If you want to install from your hard drive, just set up a directory on your
- DOS, Linux, or OS/2 partition containing the the disk subdirectories for the
- disk sets you want. For example, if you wanted to install the A series, you
- might make a SLACK directory on your DOS drive and copy the A1, A2, A3, A4...
- directories and their contents into it. You can then specify this as the
- source to install from when you run the setup program. Like with the CD-ROM
- installation, you'll only have to make the boot and root floppies.
-
- To install from NFS, set up a similar directory on the NFS server you plan to
- use, and then make sure the directory is exported. If you're installing to
- a laptop using PCMCIA ethernet, make sure to use the PCMCIA rootdisk. It
- contains special kernel modules to recognize PCMCIA devices.
-
-
- WHAT IF MY CD-ROM IS NOT RECOGNIZED?
-
- Don't panic -- you'll still be able to install Linux from your hard drive.
- Sometimes new CD-ROM hardware comes out and doesn't work with Linux. It can
- take a while for Linux to support it because the Linux developers sometimes
- aren't told about the hardware's introduction and don't hear about it at all
- until people start sending email wondering why it doesn't work. The people
- making hardware almost always write a DOS driver before releasing it, so the
- workaround is to copy the disk sets you want to your DOS partition (under DOS)
- and then install them from there. Here's how you'd copy the disk sets to a
- C:\SLACK directory under DOS from a CD-ROM drive on e:
-
- C:\> MKDIR SLACK
- C:\> CD SLACK
- C:\SLACK> XCOPY E:\SLAKWARE\*.* . /S
-
- This will take about 150 megabytes, so if you don't have that much space you'll
- have to be selective about which disk sets to copy over. You need at least the
- A series to start with. If you want to try to get your CD-ROM running once the
- system is installed you can keep an eye on sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/kernel
- for new kernels or kernel patches that support your CD-ROM drive.
-
-
- BOOTING THE BOOT/ROOT IMAGES
-
- Insert the bootdisk in your floppy drive and reboot your system. Hit ENTER when
- you see the 'boot:' prompt to load and boot the Linux kernel. The kernel will
- produce lots of diagnostic information as it boots, allowing you to see if your
- hardware has been detected and is working properly. (in fact, once the boot
- process stops at the "VFS: Insert root floppy disk" message, you can use the
- right shift key with the PageUp and PageDown keys to scroll back and examine
- the boot messages more carefully)
-
- When the hardware detection is complete you'll see this prompt:
-
- VFS: Insert root floppy disk to be loaded into ramdisk and press ENTER
-
- Take the bootdisk out of your floppy drive, insert the rootdisk, and press
- the ENTER key to load it. The rootdisk will be uncompressed, loaded into a
- ramdisk, and mounted as your root filesystem. At this point, you may log in
- as 'root'.
-
-
- DRIVE PARTITIONING
-
- Unless you're using the umsdos.gz rootdisk to install to an existing DOS
- partition, or you're already got Linux partitions on your machine, you'll need
- to make one or more partitions for Linux. Before doing any repartitioning,
- you are strongly advised to back up your data!
-
- On Linux, whole IDE drives have names like /dev/hda, /dev/hdb, /dev/hdc. SCSI
- drives have names like /dev/sda, /dev/sdb, /dev/sdc. Within this system, disk
- partitions are denoted with additional digit(s). For example, the partitions
- on /dev/hda might be /dev/hda1, /dev/hda2, and /dev/hda3. (NOTE: Linux may
- not see partitions in the same order as DOS fdisk, so it's best to use size and
- type rather than number to identify partitions made from DOS or other operating
- systems)
-
- To create new disk partitions, use the Linux tool 'cfdisk'. For example, to
- make partitions on your first IDE drive, you'd use this command to start the
- cfdisk program:
-
- cfdisk /dev/hda
-
- If you don't have any freespace on your system, you'll be unable to make any
- partitions until you create some freespace. One way to do this is to
- physically add another drive to the system. Another way is to use 'cfdisk' to
- delete an existing drive partition, opening up some space for a Linux partition
- to be created. The FIPS utility in Slackware's ./install directory provides a
- way to shrink an existing DOS partition non-destructively (but may not work
- with FAT32), and the commercial program PartitionMagic can also accomplish this
- task.
-
- Once you have freespace available, use cfdisk's "New" choice to make a Linux
- partition. You'll probably want at least 400 megabytes for a full installation.
-
- Depending on the amount of memory in your machine, you may also want to
- allocate a 64 megabyte or so partition to be used as swap space. This will be
- added to the amount of RAM in your machine to get your total virtual memory.
- To make a swap partition, first use cfdisk's "New" choice to make a partition,
- then use the "Type" option to change the partition's type to 82 (Linux swap).
-
- To save the changes made in cfdisk, exit using the "Write" option. If you
- don't want to save the changes for some reason, you can exit with the "Quit"
- option (or just hit Control-C).
-
-
- RUNNING SETUP
-
- Once you have a Linux partition defined, you can run 'setup' to begin the
- installing Linux. This will scan your system's disk partitions, and then
- bring up the installation menu. You can start the installation by selecting
- KEYMAP (if you're using a non-US keyboard) or ADDSWAP. More information on
- running 'setup' is available from the HELP option.
-
- Make sure you have a blank, formatted floppy ready to make your Linux boot
- disk at the end of the installation.
-
- [NOTE]: You may install most software packages by typing "setup" on a
- running system. If you install a kernel (such as ide.tgz or scsi.tgz) from
- the A series, be sure to run LILO or make a new boot disk using the
- "makebootdisk" utility. Also, if you reinstall some of the base packages you
- might need to reconfigure files in /etc or other places. (once your system is
- configured to your liking, it's wise to make a backup of the /etc directory)
-
- You may review the list of installed packages on the installed system by
- browsing through the files in /var/log/packages. These packages may be
- removed, reinstalled, or upgraded with the Slackware package maintenance
- tools 'installpkg', 'removepkg', and 'pkgtool'.
-
- Enjoy!
-
- Patrick Volkerding
- volkerdi@slackware.com
-
-