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- LINUX DRIVER FOR BAYCOM MODEMS
-
- Thomas M. Sailer, HB9JNX/AE4WA, <sailer@ife.ee.ethz.ch>
-
- This document describes the Linux Kernel Driver for simple Baycom style
- amateur radio modems. The driver supports the following modems:
-
- ser12: This is a very simple 1200 baud AFSK modem. The modem consists only
- of a modulator/demodulator chip, usually a TI TCM3105. The computer
- is responsible for regenerating the receiver bit clock, as well as
- for handling the HDLC protocol. The modem connects to a serial port,
- hence the name. Since the serial port is not used as an async serial
- port, the kernel driver for serial ports cannot be used, and this
- driver only supports standard serial hardware (8250, 16450, 16550)
-
- par96: This is a modem for 9600 baud FSK compatible to the G3RUH standard.
- The modem does all the filtering and regenerates the receiver clock.
- Data is transferred from and to the PC via a shift register.
- The shift register is filled with 16 bits and an interrupt is signalled.
- The PC then empties the shift register in a burst. This modem connects
- to the parallel port, hence the name. The modem leaves the
- implementation of the HDLC protocol and the scrambler polynomial to
- the PC.
-
- picpar: This is a redesign of the par96 modem by Henning Rech, DF9IC. The modem
- is protocol compatible to par96, but uses only three low power ICs
- and can therefore be fed from the parallel port and does not require
- an additional power supply. Furthermore, it incorporates a carrier
- detect circuitry.
-
- All of the above modems only support half duplex communications. However,
- the driver supports the KISS (see below) fullduplex command. It then simply
- starts to send as soon as there's a packet to transmit and does not care
- about DCD, i.e. it starts to send even if there's someone else on the channel.
- This command is required by some implementations of the DAMA channel
- access protocol.
-
-
- The Interface of the driver
-
- Unlike previous drivers, the driver is no longer a character device,
- but it is now a true kernel network interface. Installation is therefore
- simple. Once installed, four interfaces named bc[0-3] are available.
- sethdlc from the ax25 utilities may be used to set driver states etc.
- Users of userland AX.25 stacks may use the net2kiss utility (also available
- in the ax25 utilities package) to converts packets of a network interface
- to a KISS stream on a pseudo tty. There's also a patch available from
- me for WAMPES which allows attaching a kernel network interface directly.
-
-
- Configuring the driver
-
- Every time the driver is inserted into the kernel, it has to know which
- modems it should access at which ports. This can be done with the setbaycom
- utility. If you are only using one modem, you can also configure the
- driver from the insmod command line (or by means of an option line in
- /etc/conf.modules).
-
- Examples: (use either method, not both)
- insmod baycom mode="ser12*" iobase=0x3f8 irq=4
- sethdlc -i bc0 -p type "ser12*" io 0x3f8 irq 4
-
- Both lines configure the first port to drive a ser12 modem at the first
- serial port (COM1 under DOS). The star ('*') instructs the driver to use
- the software DCD algorithm (see below).
-
- insmod baycom mode="par96*" iobase=0x378 irq=7
- sethdlc -i bc0 -p type "par96*" io 0x378 irq 7
-
- Both lines configure the first port to drive a par96 or par97 modem at the
- first parallel port (LPT1 under DOS). options=1 instructs the driver to use
- the software DCD algorithm (see below).
-
- insmod baycom mode="par96" iobase=0x278 irq=5
- sethdlc -i bc0 -p type "par96" io 0x278 irq 5
-
- Both lines configure the first port to drive a picpar modem at the
- second parallel port (LPT2 under DOS). The driver uses the hardware DCD
- signalled by the picpar modem (see below).
-
- The channel access parameters can be set with sethdlc -a or kissparms.
- Note that both utilities interpret the values slightly different.
-
-
-
- Hardware DCD versus Software DCD
-
- To avoid collisions on the air, the driver must know when the channel is
- busy. This is the task of the DCD circuitry/software. The driver may either
- utilise a software DCD algorithm (a star after the mode string) or use a DCD
- signal from the hardware (no star).
-
- ser12: if software DCD is utilised, the radio's squelch should always be
- open. It is highly recommended to use the software DCD algorithm,
- as it is much faster than most hardware squelch circuitry. The
- disadvantage is a slightly higher load on the system.
-
- par96: the software DCD algorithm for this type of modem is rather poor.
- The modem simply does not provide enough information to implement
- a reasonable DCD algorithm in software. Therefore, if your radio
- feeds the DCD input of the par96 modem, the use of the hardware
- DCD circuitry is recommended.
-
- picpar: the picpar modem features a builtin DCD hardware, which is highly
- recommended.
-
-
-
- Compatibility with the rest of the Linux kernel
-
- The serial driver, the line printer (lp) driver and the baycom driver compete
- for the same hardware resources. Of course only one driver can access a given
- interface at a time. The serial driver grabs all interfaces it can find at
- startup time. Therefore the baycom driver subsequently won't be able to
- access a serial port. You might therefore find it necessary to release
- a port owned by the serial driver with 'setserial /dev/ttyS# uart none', where
- # is the number of the interface. The baycom driver does not reserve any
- port at startup, unless one is specified on the 'insmod' command line. Another
- method to solve the problem is to compile all three drivers as modules and
- leave it to kerneld to load the correct driver depending on the application.
-
-
- Further reading
-
- Please take a look at http://www.ife.ee.ethz.ch/~sailer/ham/linux/hdlc.html
- for further informations on the driver.
-
-
- vy 73s de
- Tom Sailer, sailer@ife.ee.ethz.ch
- Packet Radio: hb9jnx@hb9w.che.eu
-