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- TELECOM Digest Wed, 22 Dec 93 12:39:00 CST Volume 13 : Issue 833
-
- Inside This Issue: Editor: Patrick A. Townson
-
- Book Review: Online Users Encyclopedia (Vedder Wright via Monty Solomon)
- Book Review: On Internet 94 (Dan L. Dale)
- Viewdata Terminal For Sale (Leigh M. Preece)
- Need Two to One Phone Line Switcher Help (andy@helios.njit.edu)
- Hardware Wanted For Compressing Data Over WAN Links (Ove Hansen)
- 911 Changes in Toronto (Tony Harminc)
- NEC NEAX 2400 Peculiarity (Will Martin)
- ATM Tariffs - Anyone Have the Facts? (D.E. Price)
- Unique(?) Problem With Voicemail Prompts (Tom O'Connell)
- Call For Papers - SIGCOMM'94 (Patrick Dowd)
- Looking For Papers on Cellular Phone Technologies (Dell'Elce Antonio)
- Info Highway: 21 Companies Don't Announce (Tara D. Mahon)
- Digital Cellular Information Wanted (Alex Cena)
- Source For Cellular Phone Accessories Wanted (drhilton@kaiwan.com)
- AT&T --> Earn Miles ON DL, UA, US (Eric Seiden via Monty Solomon)
-
- TELECOM Digest is an electronic journal devoted mostly but not
- exclusively to telecommunications topics. It is circulated anywhere
- there is email, in addition to various telecom forums on a variety of
- public service systems and networks including Compuserve and GEnie.
- Subscriptions are available at no charge to qualified organizations
- and individual readers. Write and tell us how you qualify:
-
- * telecom-request@eecs.nwu.edu *
-
- The Digest is compilation-copyrighted by Patrick Townson Associates of
- Skokie, Illinois USA. We provide telecom consultation services and
- long distance resale services including calling cards and 800 numbers.
- To reach us: Post Office Box 1570, Chicago, IL 60690 or by phone
- at 708-329-0571 and fax at 708-329-0572. Email: ptownson@townson.com.
-
- ** Article submission address only: telecom@eecs.nwu.edu **
-
- Our archives are located at lcs.mit.edu and are available by using
- anonymous ftp. The archives can also be accessed using our email
- information service. For a copy of a helpful file explaining how to
- use the information service, just ask.
-
- TELECOM Digest is gatewayed to Usenet where it appears as the moderated
- newsgroup comp.dcom.telecom. It has no connection with the unmoderated
- Usenet newsgroup comp.dcom.telecom.tech whose mailing list "Telecom-Tech
- Digest" shares archives resources at lcs.mit.edu for the convenience
- of users. Please *DO NOT* cross post articles between the groups.
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Date: Wed, 22 Dec 1993 02:46:29 -0500
- From: Monty Solomon <monty@roscom.COM>
- Subject: Book Review: Online Users Encyclopedia
-
-
- FYI. From misc.books.technical.
-
- Newsgroups: misc.books.technical
- From: vwright@world.std.com (Vedder A Wright)
- Subject: Review: Online Users Encyclopedia
- Organization: The World Public Access UNIX, Brookline, MA
- Date: Sun, 19 Dec 1993 22:39:30 GMT
-
- Massive Telecom Book Arrives
- c 1993 Vedder Wright
-
- Bernard Aboba's "Online Users Encyclopedia" scoops the entire field
- with breathtaking scope from bulletin boards to the Internet, from
- how-to's to overview. This is a book for every level, beginner or
- advanced. It clearly stands out from the pack in tone, organization,
- and detail, offering specific information together with the big
- picture -- the "vision thing."
-
- The book is huge: about 800 pages on large format like a Sears
- catalog. The graphics and constant human touches help greatly to lead
- the reader through the daunting range of technical information it
- contains.
-
- The book is for both Mac and PC platforms. Unix tips and tricks are
- also found among the appendices. Other books don't attempt to tackle
- this scope.
-
- Of particular note is the detailed information for setting up SLIP and
- PPP connections to the Internet, together with reviews of TCP/IP
- software tools. The book contains helpful reviews of choice products,
- lists of sites, software and hardware discussion, and much more. The
- sections on compression utilities and file transfer are more detailed
- than any other book I have found. It's well-researched and
- well-organized.
-
- Yet Aboba doesn't lose sight of the purpose of all this: to
- communicate with other human beings. Vital human issues as well as the
- technical details are addressed, such as the role that bulletin boards
- play in relation to the Internet. Articles from online pioneers from
- Tom Jennings to Vinton Cerf help to inform us of the issues at stake.
-
-
- Vedder Wright vwright@world.std.com
-
- ******
-
- The Online User's Encyclopedia, by Bernard Aboba
-
- Addison-Wesley Trade Computer Books
-
- ISBN: 0-201-62214-9
-
- Suggested Retail Price: $32.95 Discounts:
- Single-copy discounts of 25% are available for schools and
-
- libraries; steeper volume discounts are available for user groups.
-
- For information, contact Addison-Wesley Special Markets
-
- at (617)944-3700, ext. 2915.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Date: Tue, 21 Dec 93 17:42 EST
- From: Dan L. Dale <0005517538@mcimail.com>
- Subject: Book Review: On Internet 94
-
-
- From the publishers of Internet World.
- Title: on INTERNET 94
- 453 pages
- ISSN: 1066-9973
- ISBN: 0-88736-929-4
- Preface: Daniel Dern
- Edited: Tony Abbott
-
- Publisher: Mecklermedia, 11 Ferry Lane West, Westport CT 06880
- 203-226-6967
- Mecklermedia Ltd. Artillery House,Artillery Row,London SW1P 1RT
- 071-976-0405
-
- Cost: US$45.00
-
- Certainly one of the most comprehensive directories of Internet
- information services anywhere. For those of you that have ever
- requested a List Global from a Listserver, you will appreciate the
- tidy cross-referencing and healthy index. This is exactly what I was
- looking for when I first started using the Listserv and FTP-Server
- functions of the Internet.
-
- Other books on the Internet are great ... but reading them sometimes
- takes as much effort as navigating the Net itself. Jack Webb wanted
- "Just the Facts" well they are definitely in this book ... but can
- they keep it updated?
-
- Table of Contents
-
- Section 1: Discussion Lists and Special Interest Mailing Lists
- Section 2: Electronic Journals and Newsletters
- Section 3: Electronic Texts,Text Archives,Selected FTP Sites
- Section 4: Freenets and Other Community-Based Information Services
- Section 5: Campus-Wide Information Systems
- Section 6: Commercial Services on the Internet
- Section 7: Usenet Newsgroups and Other Mailing Lists
- Section 8: WAIS-Accessible Databases
- Appendix: List Review Service
- Subject Index
-
- END
-
- ------------------------------
-
- From: mda03@keele.ac.uk (L.M. Preece)
- Subject: Viewdata Terminal For Sale
- Date: 22 Dec 1993 12:10:11 GMT
-
-
- [ Article crossposted from comp.terminals ]
- [ Author was L.M. Preece ]
- [ Posted on 21 Dec 1993 14:04:45 GMT ]
-
- Is anyone looking for a Sony Viewdata terminal ? It has composite
- video/RGB/TTL inputs and has inputs for an external modem. Also
- included is a Prestel type facility for hooking up to a phone line.
- You can access loads of places with it and maybe even Internet or your
- local server. Mail me back and I can furnish you with the model
- number and more specs. I am advertising it on behalf of a colleague
- and not my organization.
-
-
- Leigh.M.Preece. Keele University.Staffordshire.UK
- mda03@seq1.cc.keele.ac.uk
-
- ------------------------------
-
- From: andy@helios.njit.edu (andy)
- Subject: Need Two to One Phone Line Switcher Help
- Organization: EIES2 - NJIT
- Date: Wed, 22 Dec 1993 15:54:21 GMT
-
-
- I am looking to either build or buy a device that will do the following:
-
- I need to plug two standard phone lines into a device that will detect
- which line is ringing and then connect the output to the line that is
- ringing.
-
- The device does not need to answer the call, just switch it to the
- output line. I realize two line phones and answering machines are
- readily available, but that is not my application, this is just an
- easier way to explain what I need.
-
- Any replies would be appreciated to: andy@helios.njit.edu
-
- For example:
-
-
- Line 1 Line 2
- | |
- | |
- | |
- ---------------------------------
- | |
- | |
- | Device |
- | |
- | |
- ---------------------------------
- |
- |
- |
- Telephone
- or
- Answering machine
-
-
- [TELECOM Digest Editor's Note: Isn't the Radio Shack thing still
-
- ·
- available which allows two lines to be switched into one phone (either
- manually or automatically) still available? I've had one for a few
- years and it works fine. LEDs even tell you which line is currently
- switched. You can turn the automatic switching on or off, and choose
- which line you want to use for outgoing calls. PAT]
-
- ------------------------------
-
- From: ove@neu.sgi.com (Ove Hansen)
- Subject: Hardware Wanted For Compressing Data Over WAN Links
- Date: 22 Dec 1993 17:17:09 GMT
- Organization: Silicon Graphics, Inc.
-
-
- I'd be interested in receiving information about hardware products
- available for compressing data sent over WAN links. I've heard about a
- product called Symplex Datamizers and am awaiting more info about
- this, does anyone have any experience with Symplex and their products,
- or can anyone direct me towards other vendors offering similar
- hardware?
-
- Thanks in advance,
-
-
- Ove Hansen - Network Administrator e-mail: ove@neu.sgi.com
- Silicon Graphics Manufacturing S.A. (Switzerland) Phone : (41-38) 433 535
- Chemin des Rochettes 2, CH-2016 Cortaillod Fax : (41-38) 433 900
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Date: Tue, 21 Dec 93 17:23:36 EST
- From: Tony Harminc <EL406045@BROWNVM.brown.edu>
- Subject: 911 Changes in Toronto
-
-
- I saw the following bizarre notice in the paper last week:
-
- NOTICE TO THE PUBLIC
- RE: 9-1-1, Auto-dial Alarm Devices
-
- In order to provide the citizens of Metropolitan Toronto with an
- effective, efficient emergency response service, the Metropolitan
- Toronto ambulance, fire and police service providers utilize the 9-1-1
- emergency telephone system.
-
- Technology has recently been made available to the general public
- which allows an alarm device to auto-dial the 9-1-1 emergency number
- by pushing a button. On receipt of the call by an Emergency Operator
- a microphone is activated which acts as a one-way listening device for
- the operator.
-
- These alarm devices are intended to function without supervision by
- automatically accessing the 9-1-1 emergency system, implying that a
- need for an emergency service exists. The subsequent one-way
- transmission inhibits proper communications, resulting in unnecessary
- confusion and delays, monopolizing the time and efforts of emergency
- services personnel who would otherwise be serving the public in more
- appropriate ways. These calls should be received and verified by a
- private sector monitoring station, where the expertise and resources
- are available to manage such activity.
-
- For these reasons, effective January 1, 1994, the Emergency Services
- of Metropolitan Toronto will not respond to, or act upon any alarm
- transmitted directly to the 9-1-1 system, from any auto-dial alarm
- device.
-
- Members of the public are cautioned accordingly and advised to place
- no reliance on these alarm devices, which transmit an alarm directly
- to the 9-1-1 system, as a means of obtaining emergency response. Your
- best access to emergency services is a personal telephone call using
- the 9-1-1 emergency number or through a professionally monitored alarm
- system.
-
- Dated at Toronto this 1st day of December, 1993.
-
- (signed)
- Director, Metropolitan Toronto Ambulance Service
- Coordinator, Metropolitan Toronto Fire Chiefs
- Chief, Metropolitan Toronto Police Force
-
- --------------
-
- Well, I can see their point, but in my humble-and-not-lawyer's opinion
- they are setting themselves up for a lawsuit. There is no technical
- means to differentiate a 911 call from an alarm auto-dialer from the
- case where a person manages to knock the phone off the hook, dial 911,
- and perhaps mumble a few words about the emergency.
-
- If they are really going to ignore 911 calls where the caller says
- nothing, then they've thrown out half the benefit of the expensive
- ANI-ALI system installed some years ago. Now what they may have
- *meant* to say is that they will ignore calls where the auto-dialer
- plays a pre-recorded message, which makes reasonable sense, but it
- sounds as though they've confused auto-dial burglar alarms with
- personal safety dialers.
-
-
- Tony Harminc
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Date: Wed, 22 Dec 93 04:39:52 CST
- From: Will Martin <wmartin@STL-06SIMA.ARMY.MIL>
- Subject: NEC NEAX 2400 Peculiarity
-
-
- When I make an outside-line call on our NEC NEAX 2400 system here at
- work (dialing 9 and then the local seven-digit number), the system has
- the annoying habit of giving me a ring-sound (in the handset or the
- speaker, depending which is turned on) and then a click that sounds
- *exactly* like the far end picking up on the call. However, it is not
- -- the ring sounds then continue until the called party answers or I
- hang up. What is going on that causes this initial ring-tone that I
- hear followed by that click? Is it the process of the unit selecting
- an outside trunk? If so, why does it give me a ring first?
-
- It is extremely bothersome -- that click sounds so much like the
- called party picking up that I am constantly reaching for the phone
- handset to start the conversation (our phones have speakers but no
- mikes, so we can start a call with the handset hung-up, but have to
- grab it to speak when the called party answers). It doesn't matter
- that I'm used to this and it happens every time -- I still can't train
- myself to ignore that initial click. If these are intentional sonic
- signals presented to me to indicate that the unit is working, I don't
- appreciate them. I'd prefer a pause of dead silence until it grabs a
- trunk and really begins the call.
-
- There's so little correspondence between the ring sounds I hear and
- the actual rings the called party's phone emits that I can't say if
- that first ringing I hear is before or after the called party's phone
- rings the first time. I'm guessing it is always internal-only; that
- the click is when the outside connection is made.
-
- Can anyone tell me just what is going on when I call out? When I dial
- the initial "9", am I handed off to a telco trunk then, or does the
- NEC just suck up all my dialled digits and only emit them to the telco
- switch after I finish? Or am I "talking" to the telco switch right
- after I dial the initial 9? I suspect the NEC waits until it detects a
- complete and valid-by-its-standards number before it passes it to the
- telco. That makes detecting and forbidding 976- and 900- calls easy.
-
- If the NEC holds the numbers and then passes them on later, how fast
- can it do this? Are the trunks it has to the telco higher-speed or
- special lines, or the same as any generic business-type phone line?
- Does it spit out DTMF at some far-higher-than-normal speed, or try to
- emulate human-dialling speed? (It would seem there isn't all that much
- time between the end of my dialling and that magical click ...)
-
- I have no experience with other competing phone systems -- we were on
- Centrex before we moved to the building which has this NEC NEAX 2400.
- So do other systems do the same thing?
-
-
- Regards,
-
- Will
-
- ------------------------------
-
- From: dap@aber.ac.uk (D E Price)
- Subject: ATM Tariffs - Anyone Have the Facts?
- Organization: University of Wales, Aberystwyth
- Date: Wed, 22 Dec 1993 11:57:55 GMT
-
-
- Dear All,
-
- I have just spotted some articles in the trade press about a
- tariff for ATM announced by the German Telecom. Does anyone have the
- full tariff for them or indeed for any other ATM provider (e.g. Sprint)?
- I want to be able to calculate charges for a range of customers so I
- need to know as much information as you have.
-
-
- Thanks in advance,
-
- Dave Price
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Date: Tue, 21 Dec 93 11:02:43 -0800
- From: fico!fico0!tjo@apple.com
- Subject: Unique(?) Problem With Voicemail Prompts
-
-
- Someone in our firm is currently experiencing a "different" problem
- with our voice mail system. She will be leaving a message in
- someone's voice mailbox and the system will interrupt her, saying "To
- Send this Message, Press..."- as if she had punched a key, but she
- hadn't. The problem has been re-occurring.
-
- Our vendor (Octel) calls it "PROMPT INTERRUPTION", and says it happens
- when some individual's voice frequencies are very close to the tones
- generated by the keypad. The system interprets the voice as a key
- being punched.
-
- This seems odd, but I have HEARD of it on other systems. Has this
- happened to anyone else? Anyone come up with a solution to this
- problem? (Other than HORMONE PILLS?)
-
-
- Thanks,
-
- Tom O'Connell
- Fair, Isaac Co. - San Rafael, CA.
- Internet: fico!tjo@apple.com
-
- ------------------------------
-
- From: dowd@acsu.buffalo.edu (Patrick Dowd)
- Subject: Call For Papers - SIGCOMM'94
- Reply-To: dowd@eng.buffalo.edu
- Organization: State University of New York at Buffalo
- Date: Tue, 21 Dec 1993 22:19:17 GMT
-
-
- Call for Papers
- ACM SIGCOMM'94 CONFERENCE
- Communications Architectures, Protocols and Applications
-
- University College London
- London, UK
-
- August 31 to September 2, 1994
- (Tutorials and Workshop, August 30)
-
- An international forum on communication network applications and
- technologies, architectures, protocols, and algorithms.
-
- Authors are invited to submit full papers concerned with both theory
- and practice. The areas of interest include, but are not limited to:
-
- -- Analysis and design of computer network architectures and
- algorithms,
- -- Innovative results in local area networks,
- -- Mixed-media networks,
- -- High-speed networks, routing and addressing, support for mobile
- hosts,
- -- Resource sharing in distributed systems,
- -- Network management,
- -- Distributed operating systems and databases,
- -- Protocol specification, verification, and analysis.
-
- A single-track, highly selective conference where successful
- submissions typically report results firmly substantiated by
- experiment, implementation, simulation, or mathematical analysis.
- Papers must be less than 20 double-spaced pages long, have an abstract
- of 100-150 words, and be original material that has not been
- previously published or be currently under review with another
- conference or journal.
-
-
- ·
- In addition to its high quality technical program, SIGCOMM '94 will
- offer tutorials by noted instructors such as Paul Green and Van
- Jacobson (tentative), and a workshop on distributed systems led by
- Derek McAuley.
-
- Important Dates:
-
- Paper submissions: 1 February 1994
- Tutorial proposals: 1 March 1994
- Notification of acceptance: 2 May 1994
- Camera ready papers due: 9 June 1994
-
- All submitted papers will be judged based on their quality and
- relevance through double-blind reviewing where the identities of the
- authors are withheld from the reviewers. Author's names should not
- appear on the paper. A cover letter is required that identifies the
- paper title and lists the name, affiliation, telephone number, email,
- and fax number of all authors.
-
- Authors of accepted papers need to sign an ACM copyright release form.
- The Proceedings will be published as a special issue of ACM SIGCOMM
- Computer Communication Review. The program committee will also select
- a few papers for possible publication in the IEEE/ACM Transactions on
- Networking.
-
- Submissions from North America should be sent to:
- Craig Partridge
- BBN
- 10 Moulton St
- Cambridge MA 02138
-
- All other submissions should be sent to:
- Stephen Pink
- Swedish Institute of Computer Science
- Box 1263
- S-164 28 Kista
- Sweden
-
- Five copies are required for paper submissions. Electronic submissions
- (uuencoded, compressed postscript) should be sent to each program
- chair. Authors should also e-mail the title, author names and abstract
- of their paper to each program chair and identify any special
- equipment that will be required during its presentation. Due to the
- high number of anticipated submissions, authors are encouraged to
- strictly adhere to the submission date. Contact Patrick Dowd at
- dowd@eng.buffalo.edu or +1 716 645-2406 for more information about the
- conference.
-
- Student Paper Award: Papers submitted by students will enter a
- student-paper award contest. Among the accepted papers, a maximum of
- four outstanding papers will be awarded full conference registration
- and a travel grant of $500 US dollars. To be eligible the student
- must be the sole author, or the first author and primary contributor.
- A cover letter must identify the paper as a candidate for this
- competition.
-
-
- Mail and E-mail Addresses:
-
- General Chair
- -------------
- Jon Crowcroft
- Department of Computer Science
- University College London
- London WC1E 6BT United Kingdom
-
- Phone: +44 71 380 7296
- Fax: +44 71 387 1397
- E-Mail: J.Crowcroft@cs.ucl.ac.uk
-
-
- Program Chairs
- --------------
- Stephen Pink (Program Chair)
- Swedish Institute of Computer Science
- Box 1263
- S-164 28 Kista
- Sweden
-
- Phone: +46 8 752 1559
- Fax: +46 8 751 7230
- E-mail: steve@sics.se
-
- Craig Partridge (Program Co-Chair for North America)
- BBN
- 10 Moulton St
- Cambridge MA 02138
-
- Phone: +1 415 326 4541
- E-mail: craig@bbn.com
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Date: Wed, 22 Dec 93 11:42:18 GMT
- From: tdnycal@dsiaq3.ing.univaq.it (Dell'Elce Antonio)
- Subject: Looking For Papers on Cellular Phone Technologies
-
-
- Do you know of any network-available paper regarding celllular phones
- communication (I mean research papers, but anything else is also ok.)
-
- please email to me: tdnycal@dsiaq1.ing.univaq.it
-
-
- A. dell'elce
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Date: Wed, 22 Dec 93 11:28:20 EST
- From: Bob Rosenberg <bob@insight-corp.com>
- Subject: Info Highway: 21 Companies Don't Announce
-
-
- An article that ran in the 13 December {Wall Street Journal} said that
- 28 companies were to about to announce their support for the Info
- Super Highway. We know that IBM, Apple, BellSouth, AT&T, CitiCorp,
- H-P, and Cable Labs were to take part in the announcement, but the
- other shoe hasn't dropped yet.
-
- Does anyone know the names of the 21 other companies that are/were
- going to take part in this PR fest? Or when/if this announcement will
- be made?
-
- Any information would be greatly appreciated.
-
-
- Bob Rosenberg bob@insight-corp.com
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Date: Wed, 22 Dec 93 16:00:23 EST
- From: Alex Cena <acena@lehman.com>
- Subject: Digital Cellular Information Wanted
-
-
- Some cellular carriers have made it known, which digital cellular
- technology they plan to adopt today and in the future. For example,
- McCaw and Southwestern Bell already are deploying TDMA digital
- cellular systems around the country, while Bell South is perceived to
- also be leaning toward TDMA given their intent to purchase
- infrastructure equipment from Hughes Network Systems. US West, Pactel
- Cellular and Bell Atlantic have announced CDMA deployment plans and
- MCI plans to use GSM for its PCS deployment.
-
- Does anyone know where Ameritech and GTE are with respect to digital
- cellular technology? What are the issues involved in the selection
- process.
-
-
- Thanks in advance,
-
- Alex M. Cena Lehman Brothers, acena@lehman.com
-
- ------------------------------
-
- From: drhilton@kaiwan.com (Doc)
- Subject: Source For Cellular Phone Accessories?
- Reply-To: drhilton@kaiwan.com
- Organization: kaiwan.com
- Date: Wed, 22 Dec 1993 01:16:47 GMT
-
-
- I recently bought an AT&T cellular phone, and would like to know of
- mail order houses or other outlets for accessories, such as extended
- life batteries. I have a couple of friends who also need such things
- as chargers, antennae, etc.
-
- We don't want to pay the rates charged by the cellular provider's
- outlet.
-
- Any suggestions?
-
-
- Best,
-
- drhilton@kaiwan.com - "Doc"
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Date: Wed, 22 Dec 1993 02:08:51 -0500
- From: Monty Solomon <monty@roscom.COM>
- Subject: AT&T --> Earn Miles on DL, UA, US
-
-
- FYI. From rec.travel.air.
-
- Newsgroups: rec.travel.air
- From: darsys@pro-entropy.cts.com (Eric A. Seiden)
- Subject: AT&T --> EARN MILES ON DL, UA, US
- Organization: Pro-Entropy +1-305-265-9073 (DAR Systems Int'l -- Miami, FL)
- Date: Mon, 20 Dec 93 20:38:17 EST
-
- Call 1-800-7-REWARD and sign up. If you use AT&T for over $25/month in
- long distance calls, you can get enrolled at NO CHARGE. I responded to
- the ad in the paper and was pleased to find out you can apply five
- miles for each dollar to any ONE of the three airlines. In your first
- month get TRIPLE CREDITS too. There is no charge for this program --
- it's designed to keep people with AT&T. (You can also apply credits to
- LD service rebates instead).
-
- Keep trying -- the line was busy for almost an hour before I got
- through. What a great idea!
-
-
- RealName: Eric A. Seiden (DAR Systems International: Miami, FL, USA)
- ProLine : darsys@Pro-Entropy [Call Pro-Entropy at 305-265-9073]
- Internet: darsys@Pro-Entropy.cts.com [24 hours a day of chaos at 14.4K]
-
- ------------------------------
-
- End of TELECOM Digest V13 #833
- ******************************
-
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