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- Blue Box courtesy of the Jolly Roger
-
- To quote Karl Marx, blue boxing has always been the most noble form of
- phreaking. As opposed to such things as using an MCI code to make a free
- fone call, which is merely mindless pseudo-phreaking, blue boxing
- is actual interaction with the Bell System toll network.
- It is likewise advisable to be more cautious when blue boxing, but the
- careful phreak will not be caught, regardless of what type of switching
- system he is under.
- In this part, I will explain how and why blue boxing works, as well as
- where. In later parts, I will give more practical information for blue
- boxing and routing information. To begin with, blue boxing is simply
- communicating with trunks. Trunks must not be confused with subscriber
- lines (or "customer loops") which are standard telefone lines. Trunks are
- those lines that connect central offices. Now, when trunks are not in
- use (i.e., idle or "on-hook" state) they have 2600Hz applied to them. If
- they are two-way trunks, there is 2600Hz in both directions. When a trunk
- IS in use (busy or "off-hook" state), the 2600Hz is removed from the side
- that is off-hook. The 2600Hz is therefore known as a supervisory
- signal, because it indicates the status of a trunk; on hook (tone) or
- off-hook (no tone). Note also that 2600Hz denoted SF (single frequency)
- signalling and is "in-band." This is very important. "In-band" means that
- is within the band of frequencies that may be transmitted over normal
- telefone lines. Other SF signals, such as 3700Hz are used also. However,
- they cannot be carried over the telefone network normally (they are
- "out-of-band" and are therefore not able to be taken advantage of as
- 2600Hz is. Back to trunks. Let's take a hypothetical phone call. You pick
- up your fone and dial 1+806-258-1234 (your good friend in Amarillo, Texas).
- For ease, we'll assume that you are on #5 Crossbar switching and not in the
- 806 area. Your central office (CO) would recognize that 806 is a foreign
- NPA, so it would route the call to the toll centre that serves you.
- [For the sake of accuracy here, and for the more experienced readers,
- note that the CO in question is a class 5 with LAMA that uses out-of-band
- SF supervisory signalling]. Depending on where you are in the country,
- the call would leave your toll centre (on more trunks) to another toll
- centre, or office of higher "rank". Then it would be routed to central
- office 806-258 eventually and the call would be completed.
-
- Illustration
- A---CO1-------TC1------TC2----CO2----B
-
- A.... you
- CO1=your central office
- TC1.. your toll office.
- TC2.. toll office in Amarillo.
- CO2.. 806-258 central office.
- B.... your friend (806-258-1234)
-
- In this situation it would be realistic to say that CO2 uses SF
- in-band (2600Hz) signalling, while all the others use out-of-band signal-
- ling (3700Hz). If you don't understand this, don't worry. I am pointing
- this out merely for the sake of accuracy. The point is that while you
- are connected to 806-258-1234, all those trunks from YOUR central office
- (CO1) to the 806-258 central office (CO2) do *NOT* have 2600Hz on them,
- indicating to the Bell equipment that a call is in progress and the trunks
- are in use.
- Now let's say you're tired of talking to your friend in Amarillo, so you
- send a 2600Hz down the line. This tone travels down the line to your
- friend's central office (CO2) where it is detected. However, that CO thinks
- that the 2600Hz is originating from Bell equipment, indicating to it
- that you've hung up, and thus the trunks are once again idle (with 2600Hz
- present on them). But actually, you have not hung up, you have fooled the
- equipment atyour friend's CO into thinking you have. Thus,it disconnects
- him and resets the equipment to prepare for the next call. All this happens
- very quickly (300-800ms for step-by-step equipment and 150-400ms for other
- equipment). When you stop sending 2600Hz (after about a second), the
- equipment thinks that another call is coming towards
- --> on hook, no tone -->off hook.
- Now that you've stopped sending 2600Hz, several things happen:
-
- 1) A trunk is seized.
- 2) A "wink" is sent to the CALLING end from the CALLED end indicating that
- the CALLED end (trunk) is not ready to receive digits yet.
- 3) A register is found and attached to the CALLED end of the trunk within
- about two seconds (max).
- 4) A start-dial signal is sent to the CALLING end from the CALLED end
- indicating that the CALLED end is ready to receive digits.
- Now, all of this is pretty much transparent to the blue boxer. All he
- really hears when these four things happen is a <beep><kerchunk>. So,
- seizure of a trunk would go something like this:
-
- 1> Send a 2600Hz
- 2> Terminate 2600Hz after 1-2 secs.
- 3> [beep][kerchunk]
-
- Once this happens, you are connected to a tandem that is ready to obey your
- every command. The next step is to send signalling information in order to
- place your call. For this you must simulate the signalling used by
- operators and automatic toll-dialing equipment for use on trunks. There are
- mainly two systems, DP and MF. However, DP went out with the dinosaurs, so
- I'll only discuss MF signalling. MF (multi-frequency) signalling is the
- signalling used by the majority of the inter- and intra-lata network. It is
- also used in international dialing known as the CCITT no.5 system.
- MF signals consist of 7 frequecies, beginning with 700Hz and separated by
- 200Hz. A different set of two of the 7 frequencies represent the digits 0
- thru 9, plus an additional 5 special keys. The frequencies and uses are as
- follows:
-
- Frequencies (Hz) Domestic Int'l
- -------------------------------------
- 700+900 1 1
- 700+1100 2 2
- 900+1100 3 3
- 700+1300 4 4
- 900+1300 5 5
- 1100+1300 6 6
- 700+1500 7 7
- 900+1500 8 8
- 1100+1500 9 9
- 1300+1500 0 0
- 700+1700 ST3p Code 1
- 900+1700 STp Code 1
- 1100+1700 KP KP1
- 1300+1700 ST2p KP2
- 1500+1700 ST ST
- The timing of all the MF signals is a nominal 60ms, except for KP, which
- should have a duration of 100ms. There should also be a 60ms silent period
- between digits. This is very flexible however, and most Bell equipment will
- accept outrageous timings. In addition to the standard uses
- listed above, MF pulsing also has expanded usages known as "expanded
- inband signalling" that include such things as coin collect, coin return,
- ringback, operator attached, and operator attached, and operator
- released. KP2, code 11, and code 12 and the ST_ps (STart "primes" all have
- special uses which will be mentioned only briefly here.
- To complete a call using a blue box once seizure of a trunk has been
- accomplished by sending 2600Hz and pausing for the <beep><kerchunk>, one
- must first send a KP. This readies the register for the digits that follow.
- For a standard domestic call, the KP would be followed by either 7 digits
- (if the call were in the same NPA as the seized trunk) or 10 digits (if the
- call were not in the same NPA as the seized trunk). [Exactly like dialing
- normal fone call]. Following either the KP and 7 or 10 digits, a STart is
- sent to signify that no more digits follow. Example of a complete call:
-
- 1> Dial 1-806-258-1234
- 2> wait for a call-progress indication (such as ring,busy,recording,etc.)
- 3> Send 2600Hz for about 1 second.
- 4> Wait for about ll-progress indication (such as ring,busy,recording,etc.)
- 5> Send KP+305+994+9966+ST
- The call will then connect if everything was done properly. Note that if a
- call to an 806 number were being placed in the same situation, the are code
- would be omitted and only KP + seven digits + ST would be sent.
- Code 11 and code 12 are used in international calling to request
- certain types of operators. KP2 is used in international calling to route a
- call other than by way of the normal route, whether for economic or
- equipment reasons. STp, ST2p, and ST3p (prime, two prime, and three prime)
- are used in TSPS signalling to indicate calling type of call (such as
- coin-direct dialing.
-
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