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- #
- # The Python Imaging Library.
- # $Id: //modules/pil/PIL/ImageOps.py#1 $
- #
- # standard image operations
- #
- # History:
- # 2001-10-20 fl Created
- # 2001-10-23 fl Added autocontrast operator
- # 2001-12-18 fl Added Kevin's fit operator
- #
- # Copyright (c) 2001 by Secret Labs AB
- # Copyright (c) 2001 by Fredrik Lundh
- #
- # See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
- #
-
- import Image
-
- #
- # helpers
-
- def _border(border):
- if type(border) is type(()):
- if len(border) == 2:
- left, top = right, bottom = border
- elif len(border) == 4:
- left, top, right, bottom = border
- else:
- left = top = right = bottom = border
- return left, top, right, bottom
-
- def _lut(image, lut):
- if image.mode == "P":
- # FIXME: apply to lookup table, not image data
- raise NotImplemented, "mode P support coming soon"
- elif image.mode in ("L", "RGB"):
- if image.mode == "RGB" and len(lut) == 256:
- lut = lut + lut + lut
- return image.point(lut)
- else:
- raise IOError, "not supported for this image mode"
-
- #
- # actions
-
- def autocontrast(image, cutoff=0, ignore=None):
- "Maximize image contrast, based on histogram"
- histogram = image.histogram()
- lut = []
- for layer in range(0, len(histogram), 256):
- h = histogram[layer:layer+256]
- if ignore is not None:
- # get rid of outliers
- try:
- h[ignore] = 0
- except TypeError:
- # assume sequence
- for ix in ignore:
- h[ix] = 0
- if cutoff:
- # cut off pixels from both ends of the histogram
- # get number of pixels
- n = 0
- for ix in range(256):
- n = n + h[ix]
- # remove cutoff% pixels from the low end
- cut = n * cutoff / 100
- for lo in range(256):
- if cut > h[lo]:
- cut = cut - h[lo]
- h[lo] = 0
- else:
- h[lo] = h[lo] - cut
- cut = 0
- if cut <= 0:
- break
- # remove cutoff% samples from the hi end
- cut = n * cutoff / 100
- for hi in range(255, -1, -1):
- if cut > h[hi]:
- cut = cut - h[hi]
- h[hi] = 0
- else:
- h[hi] = h[hi] - cut
- cut = 0
- if cut <= 0:
- break
- # find lowest/highest samples after preprocessing
- for lo in range(256):
- if h[lo]:
- break
- for hi in range(255, -1, -1):
- if h[hi]:
- break
- if hi <= lo:
- # don't bother
- lut.extend(range(256))
- else:
- scale = 255.0 / (hi - lo)
- offset = -lo * scale
- for ix in range(256):
- ix = int(ix * scale + offset)
- if ix < 0:
- ix = 0
- elif ix > 255:
- ix = 255
- lut.append(ix)
- return _lut(image, lut)
-
- def colorize(image, black, white):
- "Colorize a grayscale image"
- assert image.mode == "L"
- red = []; green = []; blue = []
- for i in range(256):
- red.append(black[0]+i*(white[0]-black[0])/255)
- green.append(black[1]+i*(white[1]-black[1])/255)
- blue.append(black[2]+i*(white[2]-black[2])/255)
- image = image.convert("RGB")
- return _lut(image, red + green + blue)
-
- def crop(image, border=0):
- "Crop border off image"
- left, top, right, bottom = _border(border)
- return image.crop(
- (left, top, image.size[0]-right, image.size[1]-bottom)
- )
-
- def deform(image, deformer, resample=Image.BILINEAR):
- "Deform image using the given deformer"
- return image.transform(
- image.size, MESH, deformer.getmesh(image), resample
- )
-
- def equalize(image):
- "Equalize image histogram"
- if image.mode == "P":
- h = image.convert("RGB").histogram()
- else:
- h = image.histogram()
- lut = []
- for b in range(0, len(h), 256):
- step = reduce(operator.add, h[b:b+256]) / 255
- n = 0
- for i in range(256):
- lut.append(n / step)
- n = n + h[i+b]
- return _lut(image, lut)
-
- def expand(image, border=0, fill=0):
- "Add border to image"
- left, top, right, bottom = _border(border)
- width = left + image.size[0] + right
- height = top + image.size[1] + buttom
- out = Image.new(image.mode, (width, height), fill)
- out.paste((left, top), image)
- return out
-
- def fit(image, size, method=Image.NEAREST, bleed=0.0, centering=(0.5, 0.5)):
- """
- This method returns a sized and cropped version of the image,
- cropped to the aspect ratio and size that you request. It can be
- customized to your needs with "method", "bleed", and "centering"
- as required.
-
- image: a PIL Image object
-
- size: output size in pixels, given as a (width, height) tuple
-
- method: resampling method
-
- bleed: decimal percentage (0-0.49999) of width/height to crop off
- as a minumum around the outside of the image This allows you to
- remove a default amount of the image around the outside, for
- 'cleaning up' scans that may have edges of negs showing, or
- whatever. This percentage is removed from EACH side, not a total
- amount.
-
- centering: (left, top), percentages to crop of each side to fit
- the aspect ratio you require.
-
- This function allows you to customize where the crop occurs,
- whether it is a 'center crop' or a 'top crop', or whatever.
- Default is center-cropped.
-
- (0.5, 0.5) is center cropping (i.e. if cropping the width, take
- 50% off of the left side (and therefore 50% off the right side),
- and same with Top/Bottom)
-
- (0.0, 0.0) will crop from the top left corner (i.e. if cropping
- the width, take all of the crop off of the right side, and if
- cropping the height, take all of it off the bottom)
-
- (1.0, 0.0) will crop from the bottom left corner, etc. (i.e. if
- cropping the width, take all of the crop off the left side, and if
- cropping the height take none from the Top (and therefore all off
- the bottom))
-
- by Kevin Cazabon, Feb 17/2000
- kevin@cazabon.com
- http://www.cazabon.com
- """
-
- # ensure inputs are valid
- if type(centering) != type([]):
- centering = [centering[0], centering[1]]
-
- if centering[0] > 1.0 or centering[0] < 0.0:
- centering [0] = 0.50
- if centering[1] > 1.0 or centering[1] < 0.0:
- centering[1] = 0.50
-
- if bleed > 0.49999 or bleed < 0.0:
- bleed = 0.0
-
- # calculate the area to use for resizing and cropping, subtracting
- # the 'bleed' around the edges
-
- # number of pixels to trim off on Top and Bottom, Left and Right
- bleedPixels = (
- int((float(bleed) * float(image.size[0])) + 0.5),
- int((float(bleed) * float(image.size[1])) + 0.5)
- )
-
- liveArea = (
- bleedPixels[0], bleedPixels[1], image.size[0] - bleedPixels[0] - 1,
- image.size[1] - bleedPixels[1] - 1
- )
-
- liveSize = (liveArea[2] - liveArea[0], liveArea[3] - liveArea[1])
-
- # calculate the aspect ratio of the liveArea
- liveAreaAspectRatio = float(liveSize[0])/float(liveSize[1])
-
- # calculate the aspect ratio of the output image
- aspectRatio = float(size[0]) / float(size[1])
-
- # figure out if the sides or top/bottom will be cropped off
- if liveAreaAspectRatio >= aspectRatio:
- # liveArea is wider than what's needed, crop the sides
- cropWidth = int((aspectRatio * float(liveSize[1])) + 0.5)
- cropHeight = liveSize[1]
- else:
- # liveArea is taller than what's needed, crop the top and bottom
- cropWidth = liveSize[0]
- cropHeight = int((float(liveSize[0])/aspectRatio) + 0.5)
-
- # make the crop
- leftSide = int(liveArea[0] + (float(liveSize[0]-cropWidth) * centering[0]))
- if leftSide < 0:
- leftSide = 0
- topSide = int(liveArea[1] + (float(liveSize[1]-cropHeight) * centering[1]))
- if topSide < 0:
- topSide = 0
-
- out = image.crop(
- (leftSide, topSide, leftSide + cropWidth, topSide + cropHeight)
- )
-
- # resize the image and return it
- return out.resize(size, method)
-
- def flip(image):
- "Flip image vertically"
- return image.transpose(Image.FLIP_TOP_BOTTOM)
-
- def grayscale(image):
- "Convert to grayscale"
- return image.convert("L")
-
- def invert(image):
- "Invert image (negative)"
- lut = []
- for i in range(256):
- lut.append(255-i)
- return _lut(image, lut)
-
- def mirror(image):
- "Flip image horizontally"
- return image.transpose(Image.FLIP_LEFT_RIGHT)
-
- def posterize(image, bits):
- "Reduce the number of bits per color channel"
- lut = []
- mask = ~(2**(8-bits)-1)
- for i in range(256):
- lut.append(i & mask)
- return _lut(image, lut)
-
- def solarize(image, threshold=128):
- "Invert all values above threshold"
- lut = []
- for i in range(256):
- if i < threshold:
- lut.append(i)
- else:
- lut.append(255-i)
- return _lut(image, lut)
-