Enter 1999 November/ENTER11_1.bin/OS2/OS2CLU/HELP/os2clu02.hlp

OS/2 Help File | 1999-09-01 | 115.4 KB | 3,818 lines

ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 1. Introduction ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

                           OS/2 Command Line Utilities
                                  Users' Guide.

                                  Version 2.0.0

Copyright (c) 1991-1999 Jonathan de Boyne Pollard. All rights reserved worldwide.

This is the users' guide for the OS/2 Command Line Utilities version 2.0, a set
of useful command-line tools for OS/2 users.  These tools are designed to be
"pure 32-bit", with no 16-bit code whatsoever (most of the utilities supplied
with OS/2 that are duplicated and enhanced herein, such as ATTRIB, are 16-bit
programs), and as such should work on OS/2 version 2.0.1 or later.

Software licence

This software is copyright in order to protect the good name of the author and
in order to prevent other people from passing it off as their own and making
money from it.  The author wants this software to enjoy as wide an audience as
possible, and also wants you to receive this software as it was originally
released.  Therefore:

You may archive, store, copy, and distribute this software (which means the
utilities, and any accompanying electronic documentation, helptext, and message
or data files) in its entire original, unmodified, form for any purpose,
commercial or otherwise.  In fact you are encouraged to give copies of this
software to your friends so that they can enjoy it too.

You may make limited modifications to the original distribution archive before
passing it on to others, to convert it to another archive format (extended
attributes and long filenames must be preserved, however), or to add archive
comments in order to advertise BBSes and the like (a FILE_ID.DIZ description
file is already supplied in the distribution archive, however).

You may not pass this software off as your own, attempt to modify it, or
obscure or remove the copyright notices or this software licence in any way.
Nor may you attempt to make money from distributing it to others apart from
media costs.

You may not  (and this part is especially true for those madly litigious
Americans) sue the author or anybody else in respect of any supposed guarantee.
You receive this software exactly "as is". There's no guarantee whatsoever.
The author takes pride in his work, and naturally wants the software to behave
well and do its job; but he isn't prepared (certainly not for software that you
are getting entirely for free) to make any sort of guarantee of merchantability
or fitness for any purpose.

Bug fixes and enhancements to the software will occur entirely at the whim of
the author, as and when he has spare time to write them.  If you want a
specific modification to the software, please remember that the author is a
professional programmer.  You can always pay him to write it!

The source code for the software is the product of a lot of time, skill, and
effort.  It is not given away for free.  If you need to have access to the
source code, approach the author about paying for a source code licence.

Technical support for the installation or use of the software consumes time and
effort.  If you need such support, approach the author about paying for a
support contract.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 2. Features ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Here are some of the main features of the OS/2 Command Line Utilities.

     All of the utilities will operate beyond the year 2000 and beyond the
      year 2038 (the "drop dead" date for many other 32-bit programs written in
      C and C++), up to the year 2107.

     All of the utilities are purely 32-bit, and contain no 16-bit code and no
      64KiB limitations.

     All of the utilities support long filenames, deep directory trees with
      many levels (up to the limit imposed by OS/2 itself), and large
      directories.

      For example, XDIR can sort directories containing at least 100,000 files,
      whereas the DIR command built in to 4OS2 fails when there are more than
      20,000 files in a single directory, and the DIR command built in to CMD
      fails when asked to sort a directory containing more than 2073 files.

     All of the utilities also retain the original case of files, rather than
      converting them to all-uppercase or all-lowercase as some other
      applications do, and have no problems with filenames containing embedded
      spaces or multiple full stops.

     All of the utilities support the Universal Naming Convention for
      filenames, used by LANs and by OS/2 Warp Server 5 ("Aurora").  So one
      doesn't need to use drive letters in order to access and manipulate files
      and directories with the utilities, since one can use UNC names instead.

     All of the utilities extend the normal OS/2 wildcards with an extended
      wildcard syntax that is much more versatile, allowing, for example,
      multiple extensions to be specified by a single wildcard:

              [c:\]xdir *.{exe,com,cmd,btm,bat}

     The command-line interface of all of the utilities is logical and
      consistent.  Several standard options are the same across many commands.

      Wherever possible, the same option will have the same meaning across all
      command line utilities that support it.  One only, therefore, has to
      learn one set of option letters, rather than individual options for each
      command.

     All of the utilities support the /? standard option, which provides a
      short summary of the options and arguments that the command accepts.

     All of the utilities that operate upon multiple files allow files to be
      excluded and included according to their attributes, with the /A standard
      option.

     All of the utilities access the system message files for the text of
      system error messages, meaning that error messages will be displayed in
      the current national language for the system.

     Date and time support is fully internationalised.  All of the utilities
      that display dates and times do so by default using the date and time
      formats appropriate to the current country , but they can also be told to
      display them in the standard format specified by ISO standard number
      8601, which uses a full 4-digit year and a fixed descending order of
      fields to avoid the ambiguity that the country-specific formats have for
      the first 31 years of each century (e.g. 01/02/03).

     Full timezone support is provided using the TZ environment variable,
      which is in the standard POSIX 1003.1 (ISO/IEC 9445-1:1990) format,
      allowing multiple utilities to operate simultaneously in different
      timezones with different daylight savings time rules, which are applied
      automatically at exactly the right point without need for user
      intervention.

      The local time, required by the ANACLOCK, DIGCLOCK, SAYDATE, SETDATE, and
      TOUCH commands, can be configured to be in any arbitrary timezone and use
      any daylight savings time rules.

     The DUMP, FIND, GREP, SORT, STRINGS, SUM, TEE, TEXTCONV, WC, WHAT, and Y
      commands can be used as filter commands, for use in a command pipeline,
      acting upon what they receive from their standard input, and producing
      results on their standard output.

     All of the text-mode utilities that do not deal with the Workplace Shell
      or Presentation Manager (i.e. all except RESETINI and TASKLIST) can be
      used when OS/2 is booted to a command line.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3. What is new and what has changed since version 1.0 ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

All of the programs in the toolset are now fully 32-bit and are targetted at
32-bit OS/2 (i.e. OS/2 version 2.01 and later).

Several of the utilities that were in previous releases only applied to DOS or
to 16-bit OS/2 version 1.0, such as the CMOS command and the KEYLOCKS and LINES
commands. They have been dropped from this release.

Several new commands have been added:  ANACLOCK, ARCDIR, BCOMP, CALCTZ, COMP,
CPUIDG, CPUIDT, DELTREE, DIGCLOCK, DIRSIZE, FIND, FINDDUPS, FITSIZE, HELP,
PARTLIST, RESETINI, SAYDATE, SETDATE, SORT, STRINGS, SUM, TASKLIST, TEE,
TEXTCONV, TREE, WINSIGHT, and Y.

The option syntax has been entirely revised, and some options that were
inconsistent or superfluous, such as the /R switch to FF, have been modified or
removed.  Several new standard options, such as /U, have been added.

The problem with using commands as filters has been fixed, and now many of the
utilities really can be used as filters, acting upon their standard inputs.

All commands issue error messages to the standard error stream, allowing errors
to be directed to a different place to where the normal output of the command
is directed.

All commands that involve dates now accept and display four-digit years,
avoiding the Year 2000 problem.  Similarly, all commands will properly handle
years beyond 2080 and 2100 (which much other "year 2000 compliant" software
will not), and will cope properly with dates beyond the "binary millenium" in
the year 2038, when some software will start to use negative dates.  (Note:
There are several bugs in the FAT and HPFS drivers for OS/2 itself, that,
ironically, these utilities reveal.  See the documentation for the TOUCH
command for details.  )


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.1. Why the CMOS command is no more ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

32-bit OS/2 does not let application programs directly address the hardware, so
the CMOS command is impossible in 32-bit OS/2.  This is no great loss, however,
since the variation in CMOS RAM contents has become even more diverse, and even
less well documented.

To be fair, the contents of the CMOS RAM are entirely the province of the
system firmware, and firmware manufacturers are under no obligation to document
any but the "traditional" fields.  Most of the latter have no meaning any
longer anyway.  The drive type fields, displayed by the CMOS program, have no
useful meaning on a modern machine, since the BIOS firmware queries ATA and
ATAPI hardware directly during the POST for its size and capabilities, and has
no need for a non-volatile storage area for a "drive type".


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.2. Why the KEYLOCKS and LINES commands are no more ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

32-bit OS/2 does not have facilities for text-mode programs to access the
console.  32-bit OS/2 programs have to make use of the 16-bit OS/2 VIO, MOU,
and KBD subsystems in order to do so.  The KEYLOCKS and LINES commands have
been dropped from the suite because it is thus impossible to implement them
using pure 32-bit code, the same as all of the other commands have been.

It is hoped that one day IBM will see the light, and will provide an official
32-bit API for 32-bit text-mode programs to access the console.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4. The command line ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The command line that is given to a command comprises a series of words, which
are either option strings or arguments.  Whitespace (e.g. the space or tab
character) separates one word from the next.  To include whitespace as part of
a word, it is enclosed by quotation marks. To use quotation marks themselves in
a word, the backslash is used to prevent a quotation mark, or another
backslash, from having any special meaning.

Quotation marks do not separate words, so multiple quoted strings without
intervening whitespace will be treated as a single word.  For example,

  [c:\]xdir "READ""ME"

is the same as

  [c:\]xdir README


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 5. The syntax of command options ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

In all commands, an option string is denoted by a word beginning with the
option character, which is either the forward slash, /, or the dash, - (except
for the ATTRIB command, which only allows the forward slash).  The first option
string encountered determines which of the two option characters will be
recognised for that and all subsequent option strings.

An option string comprises a sequence of options, separated by the option
character.  For example

  [c:\]wc /s/e *.txt

Some options are toggles, which are either on or off.  They may be followed by
a plus sign, +, in order to force them to be toggled on, by a minus sign, -, in
order to force them to be toggled off, or be used on their own, in which case
the state of the toggle is flipped from on to off or from off to on.

Some options take arguments.  The argument immediately follows the option (for
backwards compatibility, a colon is often allowed to separate the option from
its argument, although it is not recommended that this practice be used), as in

  [c:\]touch /d1-1-80 *

and

  [c:\]touch /d:1-1-80 *

Options apply to all arguments that follow them on the command line, until
countermanded.  So, for example, in order to count the words in all *.TXT files
in the current and all subdirectories, but only *.DOC files in the current
directory, the command is

  [c:\]wc /s+ *.txt /s- *.doc

In order to work with files whose names may begin with the option character, a
word comprising a double option character (i.e. the double dash, --, or double
forward slash, //) can be used to prevent all further words following it from
being recognised as options.  So, for example, in order to count the words in
all files whose names begin with a dash, when the option character being used
is itself a dash, the command is

  [c:\]wc -s -- -*


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6. Standard options ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Several options have the same meaning in all commands that support them, for
consistency and to make the commands easier to remember.

    /?      Display command syntax information.

    /A      Select files by attribute.

    /E      Do not display non-fatal error messages.

    /N      Simulate execution.

    /Q      Operate quietly.

    /S      Recurse into subdirectories.

    /U      Do not display summary information.

    /Z      Override the read-only attribute on files.

    /ISO8601 Display date and time in the standard format.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.1. /? option ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The /? option displays syntax information for a command.

This option, when used, must be the first option, and may not be combined with
any other options.  All other options and arguments to the command will be
ignored.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.2. /A option ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The /A option allows files to be included in and excluded from processing
according to their attributes.  It is used with commands that accept wildcard
specifications.

It takes an argument, which comprises a list of attributes to include, to
exclude, and to require.  An attribute preceded by a minus sign, '-', excludes
all files with that attribute from processing.  An attribute preceded by a plus
sign, '+', includes all files with that attribute in processing (i.e. a file
"may have" the attribute).  An attribute on its own excludes all files without
that attribute from processing (i.e. a file "must have" the attribute).

For example,

  [c:\]xdir /a-rsh

displays only those writable files that have the hidden and system attributes,
whereas

  [c:\]xdir /a-r+s+h

displays all writable files, including any that may have the hidden or system
attributes.

When used on its own with an empty argument (i.e. /A: or /A), all files are
included.  The default if the /A option is not present varies from command to
command (e.g.  XDIR includes files and directories by default; whereas TOUCH
includes only files.).


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.3. /E option ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The /E option prevents non-fatal error messages from being displayed.

Non-fatal errors include any errors reporting that a subdirectory contains no
files during a recursive scan.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.4. /ISO8601 option ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The /ISO8601 option causes a command to display dates and times in the ISO 8601
format.  By default, commands will display dates and times in the format
appropriate to the current country, which on OS/2 Warp is determined by the
COUNTRY.SYS file and the COUNTRY directive in CONFIG.SYS.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.5. /N option ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The /N option causes a command to simulate operation without actually making
any changes to files or to the directory structure.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.6. /Q option ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The /Q option causes a command to operate quietly, without displaying
information about what it is doing as it proceeds.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.7. /S option ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The /S option causes a command to operate recursively upon subdirectories. It
is used with commands that accept wildcard specifications.

The command operates on the directory given in the wildcard specification and
on all subdirectories beneath that directory, using the same wildcard in each
directory.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.8. /U option ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The /U option prevents a command from displaying summary information after it
has processed all files and directories, listing the total numbers of filenames
scanned to match against the wildcard specifications, and the total number of
files that were processed.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.9. /Z option ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The /Z option causes a command to override read-only protection on files.

This command is used with commands that modify or destroy files, such as TOUCH
and XDEL.  It forces the command to override the read-only attribute on a file
that would normally prevent such operations.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7. Wildcards ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

There are two difference sorts of wildcards.  A wildcard filename specification
denotes a set of files whose names match a given pattern.  A substitution
specification controls how a given filename is transformed into a different
name.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.1. Wildcard filenames ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Some commands allow multiple files to be specified using wildcard
specifications.  A wildcard specification comprises two parts: a directory
prefix and a basename.

The directory prefix is optional, and specifies the top-level directory (and
drive) that is to be scanned for matching filenames.  The drive letter prefix
(followed by a colon) and everything up to and including the last slash in the
wildcard specification is taken to be the directory prefix.  If no directory
prefix is supplied, the default is the current drive and directory.

The basename specifies the pattern that filenames must match.  If it is
omitted, i.e. there is nothing after the final slash in the wildcard
specification and the basename is blank, the default basename is "*".

Examples:

ΓöîΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö¼ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö¼ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÉ
ΓöéWildcard            ΓöéDirectory      ΓöéBasename       Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
ΓöéE:\SUBDIR\*.BAK     ΓöéE:\SUBDIR\     Γöé*.BAK          Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
ΓöéE:\*.BAK            ΓöéE:\            Γöé*.BAK          Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
ΓöéE:\SUBDIR\          ΓöéE:\SUBDIR\     Γöé*              Γöé
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ΓöéE:\SUBDIR           ΓöéE:\            ΓöéSUBDIR         Γöé
ΓööΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö┤ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö┤ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÿ

A basename comprises a mixture of literal characters and metacharacters.
Literal characters in the basename must match the filename exactly.  The
metacharacters are as follows:

 *         An asterisk matches zero or more characters.

 ?         A question mark matches a single character.

 .         A full stop matches another full stop '.' or the end of the
           filename.

 [abcd]    Character sets delimited with brackets match exactly one character
           from that set.

 [0-9]     Character ranges delimited with brackets match exactly one character
           within the range.

 {}        Braces enclose a comma-delimited list of strings, any one of which
           may match that part of the name character within the range.

 It should be noted that both * and ?  will match full stops ('.') in
 filenames.  Full stops are not regarded as special in OS/2, and on HPFS
 volumes filenames can contain many full stops.  This means that "*.exe" will
 match all files that end in the four characters '.', 'E', 'X', and 'E',
 irrespective of what occurs before.  This is useful for processing files where
 one extension has been appended to another.  The wildcard "*.gz", for example,
 will match all GZIP files, including any *.TAR.GZ files.

 Examples

 *              All files.

 *.*            All files.  (This is for backwards compatibility only, and is
                highly discouraged.  The behaviour of the full stop '.'
                character has had to be made inconsistent in order to allow
                this usage.  Strictly speaking, "*.*" should match only those
                files that have at least one full stop '.' character in their
                name.  "*" should be used instead of "*.*" to mean all files.)

 c*s            All filenames starting with the letter 'C' and ending with the
                letter 'S'.

 *on*           All filenames containing the two-letter sequence 'ON'
                somewhere.

 ???            All filenames that are exactly three characters long.

 [a-z]*         All filenames beginning with a letter.

 *[0-9]*        All filenames containing a digit somewhere.

 *.{htm,html,gif,jpg,jpeg} All HTML, GIF, and JPEG files.

 *.{su,mo,tu,we,th,fr,sa}[0-9] All Fidonet compressed ARCmail packets.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.2. Wildcard substitutions ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Some commands allow "destination" filenames to be constructed from "source"
filenames according to a given pattern.  A substitution specification comprises
an optoinal directory prefix, which is used as it stands, and a base filename
that contains the pattern to apply to the "source" base name, comprising
literal characters and metacharacters.

The following metacharacters are defined:

 *         An asterisk substitutes all characters from the source up until the
           first character that matches the next part of the pattern.

 ?         A question mark substitutes a single character from the source to
           the destination, unless that character is a full stop.

 .         A full stop substitutes a full stop into the destination and skips
           all characters in the source from the current position until either
           the next full stop or the end of the string.

 Literal characters in the pattern are substituted into the destination
 directly, and a single character from the source is skipped, unless that
 character is a full stop.

 Examples

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  ΓöéSOURCE                   ΓöéPATTERN             ΓöéRESULT                   Γöé
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  Γöécomp.exe                 Γöéattrib.*            Γöéattrib.exe               Γöé
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  Γöécomp.exe                 Γöéattrib*             Γöéattrib.exe               Γöé
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ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 8. Dates and times ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

All utilities which display dates, or accept date input, such as DIGCLOCK,
SAYDATE, SETDATE, TOUCH, and XDIR, will by default use the date and time
formats appropriate to the current country . This can be overridden by the use
of the /ISO8601 standard option.

Commands, such as DIGCLOCK, SAYDATE, and TOUCH, which obtain the current time
from the system clock require the hardware real-time clock to be set to UTC and
the TZ environment variable to be set correctly.

Commands, such as DIGCLOCK, FF, SAYDATE, TOUCH, and XDIR, which display dates
and times, can be given format strings to determine what format they use to
display them.

Commands, such as SAYDATE and SETDATE, where dates and times can be passed as
arguments on the command line, accept date and time strings in one of several
input formats.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 8.1. Country-dependent date and time formats ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The default date and time formats are determined by the COUNTRY setting for
OS/2.  The separator characters may vary from those given here, but the formats
for various countries are

ΓöîΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö¼ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÉ
ΓöéU.S.      ΓöéMM/DD/YYYYΓöé
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ΓöéJapanese  ΓöéYYYY.MM.DDΓöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
ΓöéEuropean  ΓöéDD-MM-YYYYΓöé
ΓööΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö┤ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÿ

for the date and

ΓöîΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö¼ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÉ
ΓöéBritish   ΓöéHH:MM:SS am or HH:MM:SS pm    Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
ΓöéOther     ΓöéHH:MM:SS                      Γöé
ΓööΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö┤ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÿ

for the time.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 8.2. Setting the hardware RTC correctly ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Commands such as DIGCLOCK, SAYDATE, and TOUCH obtain the current date and time
from the OS/2 kernel using its DosQuerySysInfo API function, which yields a
number giving the number of seconds since the start of the year 1970.  This is
a 64-bit number that can potentially last up to the year 584 thousand million.
(The OS/2 kernel has no Year 2038 problem in this area.)

The OS/2 kernel requires that the PC hardware real-time clock (RTC) be set to
Universal Time (UTC) for this to operate correctly.  The hardware RTC must not
be set to local time, and daylight savings time changes must not be applied to
it.

Note:  Many OS/2 users set the hardware RTC to local time, and the OS/2 kernel
       calculates UTC time incorrectly as a result.  Many OS/2 programs read
       the RTC directly and assume that it runs in local time with daylight
       savings changes applied, rather than calling DosQuerySysInfo for the
       time as they should.  (Such programs are generally poor, however, since
       they also all too often ignore timezones and the TZ environment variable
       as well.  All too often this is a result of programmers thinking that
       they are still writing DOS programs.)  But the correct configuration for
       OS/2, nonetheless, is for the hardware RTC to run in UTC, the same as
       for PC UNIX, and linux, systems.

 There are various OS/2 utilities available to synchronise the hardware RTC
 with time sources available via radio broadcasts or dial-up links in various
 countries, and across the Internet.  If used, these must be configured to
 maintain the hardware RTC in UTC, not in local time.

 Note:  The hardware RTC only supports 60 seconds per minute, and so must be
        adjusted every time a leap second is inserted or deleted from UTC.  If
        the aforementioned utities are used, this will happen automatically.

 All commands will calculate the local time from the UTC time by applying the
 timezone offsets and daylight savings time rules supplied in the TZ
 environment variable.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 8.3. The TZ environment variable ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The TZ environment variable determines the names for standard and daylight
sayings time in the current timezone, the offsets from UTC for each, and the
rules to apply to determine when each is in effect.

Since this information is stored in an environment variable, one can
potentially run commands like DIGCLOCK, SAYDATE, and TOUCH with different TZ
environment variables on the same machine, allowing multiple timezones to be
used simultaneously.

The contents of the TZ environment variable are in the standard POSIX 1003.1
(ISO/IEC 9445-1:1990) format:

  sss[hh[:mm]]ddd[hh[:mm]][,start[/hh[:mm[:ss]]][,end[/hh[:mm[:ss]]]]]

The first part of the TZ environment variable determines the names for standard
and daylight savings time, and their offset from UTC in hours and (optionally)
minutes west of of the Prime Meridian (i.e. the amount to subtract from UTC to
obtain local standard/daylight savings time).  If no offset is given for
daylight savings time, the default is for it to be exactly one hour east of
standard time.

The second part gives rules for calculating the exact time for the start and
end of daylight savings time, specifying the day of the year, and optionally
the hour, minute, and second (in standard time), at which daylight savings time
starts and ends.  The "start" and "end" portions specify the day of the year,
and can be in one of three forms:

 Mm.w.d    The letter 'M' followed by three numbers, separated by dots,
           indicates the first day of week 'w' of month 'm', where weeks are
           considered to start on day 'd' (Sunday = 0).

 Jn        The letter 'J' followed by a number, indicating the Nth day of the
           year (1-365), where February the 29th has no number.

 n         A number, indicating the Nth day of the year (1-366).

 If the "start" day is earlier in the year than the "end" day, as it will be
 for the Northern Hemisphere, daylight savings time will apply between those
 days, and standard time otherwise.  Otherwise, standard time will apply
 between the two days, and daylight savings time otherwise.

 The "time" portion specifies the hour, minute, and second, standard time, at
 which the change occurs.  If it is omitted, the default is 02:00:00.

 The default start and end rules mandated by ISO/IEC 9445-1:1990, if none are
 supplied, are ",M4.1.0/02:00:00,M10.5.0/02:00:00", which is the rule that has
 applied in the United States of America since 1987.  ("First Sunday in April,
 at 02:00:00 standard time, and last Sunday in October, at 02:00:00 standard
 time.").   European users should note that this default rule is incorrect for
 many EU countries.  This rule is also incorrect for all countries in the
 Southern Hemisphere.

 U.K. users should note that this scheme cannot encode the daylight savings
 time rules laid out in the Summer Time Act 1972.  Luckily, the U.K. is part of
 the EU, and EU harmonisation directives override the Summer Time Act each year
 with simpler daylight savings time rules that can be encoded.

 Examples

 GMT0BST1,M3.5.0/01:00:00,M10.5.0/01:00:00 The full string for the U.K.
           including the correct rule for the years 1998 to 2001.

 GMT0BST,M3.5/1,M10.5/1 A shorter, but functionally identical, form of the
           above.

 CET-1CEST The string for Germany and other central European countries.  The
           DST rule for the years 1998 to 2001 just happens to be identical to
           the POSIX default, and so can be omitted.

 EST-10EDT,M10.5.0,M3.5.0 Australian Eastern Standard/Daylight time.

 CST-9:30CDT,M10.5.0,M3.5.0 Australian Central Standard/Daylight time.

 EST5EDT   U.S. Eastern Standard/Daylight time.

 PST8PDT   U.S. Pacific Standard/Daylight time.

 NST3:30NDT1:30 Newfoundland Standard/Daylight time.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 8.4. Date output formats ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The format string used to format a date and time for output is a superset of
the format string used by the ISO Standard C function strftime() that includes
several extensions from POSIX.  All characters apart from any format specifiers
are written as they stand.  The following format specifiers are defined:

ΓöîΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö¼ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÉ
Γöé%%        ΓöéA single % character                                             Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé%a        ΓöéThe current abbreviated weekday name                             Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé%A        ΓöéThe current full weekday name                                    Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé%b        ΓöéThe current abbreviated month name                               Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé%B        ΓöéThe current full month name                                      Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé%C        ΓöéThe current century prefix (i.e. "19" for the years 1900 to 1999)Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé%c        ΓöéThe full date and time in a format appropriate to the current    Γöé
Γöé          Γöécountry.                                                         Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé%D        ΓöéThe date in MM/DD/YY format. This U.S. date format is ambiguous, Γöé
Γöé          Γöésince it is easily confused with the DD/MM/YY format used by     Γöé
Γöé          Γöéother countries on 12 days per month.  Also, in the first 31     Γöé
Γöé          Γöéyears of every century it can be confused with the YY/MM/DD      Γöé
Γöé          Γöéformat (beginning with the 1st of January, 2001).  This format   Γöé
Γöé          Γöéspecifier is provided for compatibility with older, POSIX,       Γöé
Γöé          Γöésoftwares and U.S. users.  Its use is discouraged.  Use %F.      Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé%d        ΓöéThe day of the month as a two digit number 01-31                 Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé%e        ΓöéThe day of the month as a two character, space padded, number    Γöé
Γöé          Γöé1-31                                                             Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé%F        ΓöéThe date in ISO 8601 format YYYY-MM-DD                           Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé%G        ΓöéThe ISO 8601 "week year".                                        Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé%g        ΓöéThe last two digits of the ISO 8601 "week year" 00-99.           Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé%h        ΓöéThe same as %b. This format specifier is provided for            Γöé
Γöé          Γöécompatibility with older, POSIX, softwares.  Use %b.             Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé%H        ΓöéThe hour as a two digit number 00-23                             Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé%I        ΓöéThe hour as a two digit number 00-11                             Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé%j        ΓöéThe day of the year as a three digit number 001-366              Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé%m        ΓöéThe month of the year as a two digit number 01-12                Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé%M        ΓöéThe minute as a two digit number 00-59                           Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé%n        ΓöéA newline sequence (CRLF)                                        Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé%p        ΓöéThe string "AM" or "PM", as appropriate                          Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé%r        ΓöéThe time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS form followed by "AM" or "PM" as    Γöé
Γöé          Γöéappropriate This format specifier is provided for compatibility  Γöé
Γöé          Γöéwith older, POSIX, softwares and British users.  Use %T.         Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé%R        ΓöéThe time in HH:MM form.                                          Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé%S        ΓöéThe second as a two digit number 00-60                           Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé%t        ΓöéA tab character (TAB)                                            Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé%T        ΓöéThe time in ISO 8601 format HH:MM:SS                             Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé%u        ΓöéThe day of the week as a two digit number 01-07 (Monday=01)      Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé%U        ΓöéThe week number of the year 00-52 (weeks start on Sunday)        Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé%V        ΓöéThe ISO 8601 week number of the year 01-53                       Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé%w        ΓöéThe day of the week as a two digit number 00-06 (Sunday=00)      Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé%W        ΓöéThe week number of the year 00-52 (weeks start on Monday)        Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé%x        ΓöéThe date in a format appropriate to the current country.         Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé%X        ΓöéThe time in a format appropriate to the current country.         Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé%y        ΓöéThe last two digits of the year 00-99                            Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé%Y        ΓöéThe full year number                                             Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé%z        ΓöéThe time zone expressed as an +HHMM offset from UTC              Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé%Z        ΓöéThe current time zone abbreviation                               Γöé
ΓööΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö┤ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÿ


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 8.5. Date input formats ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The arguments to SAYDATE or SETDATE can be in any of the following formats:

ΓöîΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö¼ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÉ
ΓöéFull ISO 8601                 Γöé2001-2-3 16:50:04             Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
ΓöéFull ISO 8601 with timezone   Γöé2001-2-3 16:50:04 -0900       Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
ΓöéISO 8601 date only            Γöé2001-2-3                      Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
ΓöéISO 8601 time only            Γöé16:50:04                      Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
ΓöéHH:MM                         Γöé16:50                         Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
ΓöéMon DD, YYYY HH:MM:SS         ΓöéFeb 03, 2001 16:50:04         Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
ΓöéMon DD, YYYY HH:MM            ΓöéFeb 03, 2001 16:50            Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
ΓöéMon DD, YYYY                  ΓöéFeb 03, 2001                  Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
ΓöéMon DD HH:MM:SS               ΓöéFeb 03 16:50:04               Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
ΓöéMon DD HH:MM                  ΓöéFeb 03 16:50                  Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
ΓöéMon DD                        ΓöéFeb 03                        Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
ΓöéDay HH:MM:SS                  ΓöéWed 16:50:04                  Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
ΓöéDay HH:MM                     ΓöéWed 16:50                     Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
ΓöéDay                           ΓöéWed                           Γöé
ΓööΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö┤ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÿ


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 9. Redirecting input and output ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Although the DUMP, FIND, GREP, SORT, STRINGS, SUM, TEE, TEXTCONV, WC, WHAT, and
Y commands can be used as filter commands, all commands use their standard
input, standard output, and standard error for input and output.  No command
accesses the keyboard or screen directly.

Commands send their error messages to standard error, rather than to standard
output, to allow error messages to be separated from the normal output of the
command, if necessary.

The command

  [c:\]xdir /s * >outfile.txt

merely redirects the standard output to the file OUTFILE.TXT.  The standard
error is not redirected, and error messages will still be displayed on the
screen.  To combine error messages with the normal output of the command, the
command interpreter must be told to combine the standard output and standard
error.  The syntax in most command interpreters, including 4OS2 and CMD, to do
this is

  [c:\]xdir /s * >outfile.txt 2>&1

Notice that the "2>&1" redirects standard error (handle 2) to whatever standard
output (handle 1) is at the time, and so must follow the redirection for
standard output.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 10. Use with 4OS2 and Take Command for OS/2 ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The following sections cover some topics that apply only to users of JP
Software's 4OS2 and Take Command for OS/2 command interpreters.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 10.1. Descriptions ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The distribution archive contains, in the extended attributes for the
executables, descriptions for each of the executables (which are also listed in
the Manifest).

These descriptions can be seen on your Workplace Shell desktop by looking in
the "Subject" field on the "File" page of the properties notebook for each
*.EXE file.

4OS2 and Take Command users can configure their command interpreters to use the
same extended attributes for their file descriptions (instead of ugly
DESCRIPT.ION files), by ensuring that the directive

  DescriptionName=EA

is in the 4OS2.INI and TCMDOS2.INI files.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 10.2. Use as "TTY" commands in Take Command ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

All of the text-mode OS2CLU commands can be used as "tty" commands in Take
Command for OS/2, because they all use their standard input, standard output,
and standard error for input and output.  No command accesses the keyboard or
screen directly.

To use the OS2CLU commands as "tty" commands in TCOS2, either

   1. use the START command:

              [c:\]start /tty ff /s/e *.txt

      or

   2. choose the "Configuring TTY Apps..." menu item off the "Setup" menu and
      add the OS2CLU commands to the list of TTY applications.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 10.3. Disabling built-in commands ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

In the 4OS2 and Take Command for OS/2 command interpreters, the ATTRIB, HELP,
TOUCH, TEE, TREE, and Y commands are built in to the command interpreters
themselves.  By default, therefore, whenever the TOUCH command is invoked, the
built-in version of TOUCH in 4OS2/TCOS2 is executed by the command interpreter,
not the OS2CLU one.

( CMD, the default command interpreter that comes with OS/2, has no built-in
ATTRIB command, by comparison, and so always executes the external ATTRIB.EXE
utility when the ATTRIB command is invoked, whether the 16-bit one that comes
with OS/2 or the 32-bit OS2CLU one.  )

To prevent 4OS2 and TCOS2 from executing their built-in commands, either

   1. disable the built-in versions of these commands by using the SETDOS
      utility in each instance of the command interpreter:

              [c:\]setdos /i-attrib /i-help /i-touch /i-tee /i-tree /i-y

      or

   2. invoke the OS2CLU commands using their full pathnames:

              [c:\]c:\clu\tree c:\


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 11. ANACLOCK - Display an analogue clock in a window ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Synopsis

ANACLOCK [/?] [/ISO8601] [/ONTOP] [/CONFIRMCLOSE] [/WIDGETS] [/Iinstancename]
[/Ntitle] [/TZtzstring] [/U[+|-]]

Options

    /?      Display command syntax information.

    /N      Specify the title text for the window.

    /I      Specify the "instance" name used for saving and restoring the
            window position to and from the OS/2 User Profile file.

    /TZ     Specify a timezone string to use.

            This overrides whatever TZ environment variable ANACLOCK may have
            inherited from its parent process.

    /U      Force ANACLOCK to use UTC time rather than local time.
            (default:OFF)

            If this toggle is ON, ANACLOCK displays UTC time. If this toggle is
            OFF, ANACLOCK displays local time.

    /ISO8601 Display date and time in the standard format.

    /WIDGETSHide the window "widgets", i.e. the system menu, the hide and close
            buttons, and the title bar.  (default:OFF)

    /ONTOP  Force ANACLOCK to place itself at the top of the z-order every
            second.  (default:OFF)

    /CONFIRMCLOSERequire confirmation before closing the program.
            (default:OFF)

 Description

 The ANACLOCK command displays an analogue clock in a Presentation Manager
 window, updating it once per second.

 Note:  For correct operation, the hardware real-time clock must be set to UTC
        and the TZ environment variable must be properly set.

 The purpose of the /TZ option is to provide a means for setting the TZ
 environment variable when ANACLOCK is invoked from the Workplace Shell. When
 ANACLOCK is invoked from the command line or a command script file, the TZ
 environment variable to use can be specified by using the SET command, since
 ANACLOCK will inherit it from the command interpreter.

 Commands run from Workplace Shell, however, inherit their environment
 variables from the Workplace Shell process, which has no means for altering
 its environment variables (apart from editing CONFIG.SYS and rebooting).  So
 in order to run different instances of ANACLOCK with different environment
 variables, use the /TZ option to specify the timezone string by placing it in
 the program parameters field of the properties notebook for the program
 object(s) that starts ANACLOCK.

 Note:  ANACLOCK writes its current window position, whenever it exits, to the
        "OS2CLU Analogue Clock:Position" section of the OS/2 User Profile file
        (usually C:\OS2\OS2.INI), which it then reads and uses when it next
        starts up.  The name of the key used is determined by the /I option.

 Examples

 The following command script starts six instances of ANACLOCK, each running in
 a different timezone:

    @echo off
    setlocal
    set TZ=PST9PDT
    start /n anaclock /n"U.S. Pacific Time"
    set TZ=MST7MDT
    start /n anaclock /n"U.S. Mountain Time"
    set TZ=EST5EDT
    start /n anaclock /n"U.S. Eastern Time"
    set TZ=GMT0BST,M3.5/1,M10.5/1
    start /n anaclock /n"United Kingdom Time"
    set TZ=EST-10EDT,M10.5,M3.5
    start /n anaclock /n"Australian Eastern Time"
    set TZ=NZST-11NZDT,M10.5,M3.3
    start /n anaclock /n"New Zealand Time"

 Each instance will change between the standard and the daylight savings time
 for its timezone automatically, and independently of all of the others (and
 also on different dates, since the DST rules for the U.K., Australia, and New
 Zealand do not match those for the U.S.).


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 12. ARCDIR - Display archive directory ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Synopsis

ARCDIR [/?] [/A[[-|+]drash]] [/SEBUFC[-|+]] [/O[fmt]] Archive [Filespecs ...]

Options

    /?      Display command syntax information.

    /A      Select files by attribute.

    /E      Do not display non-fatal error messages.

    /S      Recurse into subdirectories.

    /U      Do not display summary information.

    /T      Specify, or override, the archive type:

            ARC            Treat as an ARC or PAK archive

            ARJ            Treat as an ARJ archive

            LZH            Treat as an LZH or LHA archive

            RAR            Treat as a RAR archive

            ZIP            Treat as a ZIP archive

            ZOO            Treat as a ZOO archive

    /O      Specify a sort string that determines how the output should be
            sorted, comprising zero or more of the following characters
            (optionally preceded by '-' to reverse the sense):

            A              Sort by name, treating digits as numbers.

            D              Sort by date stamp (according to the /T option).

            E              Sort by extension (the part of the name following
                           the final full stop).

            G              Sort by attribute (directories, then hidden and
                           system files, then all other files).

            N              Sort by name.

            S              Sort by size.

    /B      Display "brief" output, which doesn't include the sizes or space
            allocated.

    /C      Display the name of the containing archive file.  (Default:ON)

    /ISO8601 Display date and time in the standard format.

 Description

 The ARCDIR command displays the names of all of the files that match the
 wildcard specifications that are in archives that match the archive name
 wildcard specification.

 ARCDIR understands ARC, ARJ, LZH, RAR, ZIP, and ZOO archive files.

 The /T option allows the output format to be specified, overriding the choice
 of format which would otherwise be based on the extension portion of the name
 of the file being dumped.  For example, the command

    [c:\]arcdir file.zip *.txt

 displays the names of all *.TXT files in FILE.ZIP, deducing that the file is a
 ZIP archive from its extension, whereas

    [c:\]arcdir /t:rar file.exe *.txt

 displays the names of all *.TXT files in FILE.EXE, as if it were a RAR
 archive.  This is useful for dumping self-extracting archives where normally
 the archive type cannot be deduced from the name.

 The /O option causes files to be sorted in memory, and displayed in sorted
 order once all files have been found.  There may thus be a delay between the
 command being invoked and it producing any output.  If the internal sort
 buffer overflows (if the system is low on available virtual memory), files are
 displayed in unsorted order.

 If no sort options are specified, the sort order is the order that files were
 found.  ( There is no 'U' for "Unsorted" option.  It makes no sense to have a
 sort option letter that specifies that there are no sort option letters!  For
 unsorted output, simply don't use the /O option at all. )

 The 'A' sort option performs an "alphanumeric" sort by filename, whereas the
 'N' sort option is a plain lexical sort.  When 'A' is used, sequences of
 digits in the name are treated as numbers.  So "FILE3.TXT" will precede
 "FILE0012.TXT" because 3 is less than 12, even though "3" is lexically greater
 than "0012".

 Examples

    [C:\CLU]arcdir /iso8601 os2clu02.{RAR,ZIP} *.txt
    1999-08-13 18:12:12          2058       5719 _____A (OS2CLU02.RAR) readme.txt
    1999-08-18 10:45:50          6299      20423 _____A (OS2CLU02.RAR) blurb.txt
    1999-08-18 10:45:50          6674      20423 ______ (OS2CLU02.ZIP) blurb.txt
    1999-08-13 18:12:12          2048       5719 ______ (OS2CLU02.ZIP) readme.txt
             4 files found, 104 files scanned.
             2 archives found, 7 (potential) archives scanned.

    [C:\CLU]arcdir /iso8601 /od os2clu02.{RAR,ZIP} *.txt
    1999-08-13 18:12:12          2058       5719 _____A (OS2CLU02.RAR) readme.txt
    1999-08-13 18:12:12          2048       5719 ______ (OS2CLU02.ZIP) readme.txt
    1999-08-18 10:45:50          6299      20423 _____A (OS2CLU02.RAR) blurb.txt
    1999-08-18 10:45:50          6674      20423 ______ (OS2CLU02.ZIP) blurb.txt
             4 files found, 104 files scanned.
             2 archives found, 7 (potential) archives scanned.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 13. ATTRIB - Change file attributes ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Synopsis

ATTRIB [/?] [/A[[+|-]drash]] [/ENPQSU] [-|+RASH] [Filespecs ...]

Options

    /?      Display command syntax information.

    /A      Select files by attribute.

    /E      Do not display non-fatal error messages.

    /N      Simulate execution.

    /Q      Operate quietly.

    /S      Recurse into subdirectories.

    /U      Do not display summary information.

 Description

 The ATTRIB command displays, and optionally changes, the file attributes of
 the files specified in the wildcard specifications. If no filenames are
 supplied, ATTRIB will display the attributes of all files in the current
 directory.

 Unlike the ATTRIB command supplied with OS/2, ATTRIB supports extended
 wildcards, selection of files by attribute, and allows multiple operations
 upon files.  It is also a 32-bit program.  (The OS/2 ATTRIB program is a
 16-bit program.)

 If no changes are specified, ATTRIB just displays the attributes of the
 selected files.  Changes are specified using '+' and '-' followed by one or
 more attribute letters, and apply to all filenames that follow them on the
 command line.

 Examples

 To remove the read only attributes from all *.ZIP files, but remove the
 system, hidden, and read-only attributes from all *.TXT files:

    [c:\CLU]attrib -R *.zip -S-H *.txt
    R____A -> _____A OS2CLU02.ZIP
    _HS__A -> _____A blurb.txt
    _HS__A -> _____A readme.txt
             3 files changed of 3 files found, 3 files scanned.

 To add the read-only attribute to all GIF and JPEG files, in all
 subdirectories off the current directory, that aren't already read-only:

    [c:\]attrib +R /s/a:-r *.{gif,jpg,jpeg}


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 14. BCOMP - Binary compare two files ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Synopsis

BCOMP [/?] [/U[-|+]] File1 File2

Options

    /?      Display command syntax information.

    /U      Do not display summary information.

 Note

 The BCOMP command is retained for backwards compatibility only, and may well
 be removed in a future release.  It is highly recommended to use the COMP
 command instead of the BCOMP command.  (COMP supports wildcards, and allows
 limits to be placed on the number of matches to report.)

 Description

 The BCOMP command compares the first file with the second, using a plain
 "binary" byte-for-byte comparison.  All differences between the two files are
 displayed in hexadecimal and ASCII, 16 bytes at a time, with the first file's
 data immediately above the second for ease of comparison.

 Examples

    [C:\CLU]bcomp OS2CLU02.hlp OS2CLU02.INF
    00000000: 48 53 50 10 9b 00 02 02 4e 00 0b 01 00 00 0f 0a : HSPЫ·N··
┬╖┬╖┬╖
    00000000: "" "" "" 01 "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" : HSP
Ы·N··
┬╖┬╖┬╖

             1 differences.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 15. CALCTZ - Calculate the TZ environment variable ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Synopsis

CALCTZ [/?] [/CONFIRMCLOSE] [/TZtzstring]

Options

    /?      Display command syntax information.

    /TZ     Specify a timezone string to use.

            This overrides whatever TZ environment variable CALCTZ may have
            inherited from its parent process.

    /CONFIRMCLOSERequire confirmation before closing the program.
            (default:OFF)

 Description

 The CALCTZ command is used to calculate the value to use for the TZ
 environment variable. It presents a dialogue box allowing one to specify the
 daylight savings time rules, and the standard and daylight savings time
 abbreviations and offsets from UTC, from which it calculates and presents the
 TZ environment variable to use.

 CALCTZ initialises its display from the value of the TZ environment variable
 that it inherits when it is started, and can thus be used to test whether a TZ
 environment variable string conforms to the ISO/IEC 9445-1:1990 (POSIX)
 standard.

 The purpose of the /TZ option is to provide a means for setting the TZ
 environment variable when CALCTZ is invoked from the Workplace Shell. When
 CALCTZ is invoked from the command line or a command script file, the TZ
 environment variable to use can be specified by using the SET command, since
 CALCTZ will inherit it from the command interpreter.

 CALCTZ does not alter any system files, or change the value of the TZ
 environment variable in any process.  Instead, it presents the value to use in
 an entryfield at the bottom of the dialogue.  This value can be used in one of
 three ways:

     It can be copied and pasted from the entry field, via a text editor, to
      the CONFIG.SYS file.  The new value for TZ will then be used when the
      operating system is next started.

     It can be copied and pasted from the entry field, via a text editor, to a
      command script that sets the TZ environment variable with the SET
      command.  Running the command script will set the TZ environment variable
      to the new value in the command interpreter, which will be inherited by
      all processes that are subsequently started from the command interpreter.

     It can be copied and pasted from the entry field to the "Parameters"
      field of the Properties notebook for a Program object on the Workplace
      Shell desktop that starts the DIGCLOCK program, for use with DIGCLOCK's
      /TZ option.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 16. COMP - Binary compare files ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Synopsis

COMP [/?] [/A[[-|+]drash]] [/SEQU[-|+]] [/M[n]] File1 File2

Options

    /?      Display command syntax information.

    /A      Select files by attribute.

    /E      Do not display non-fatal error messages.

    /Q      Operate quietly.

    /S      Recurse into subdirectories.

    /U      Do not display summary information.

    /M      Specify the maximum number of differences to report for each pair
            of files.  (default:4294967295)

 Description

 The COMP command compares the files that match the first wildcard
 specification with the files indicated by the second substitution
 specification, using a plain "binary" byte-for-byte comparison.

 All differences between the two files are displayed in hexadecimal and ASCII,
 16 bytes at a time, with the first file's data immediately above the second
 for ease of comparison.  "Ditto" marks in the hexadecimal values indicate
 bytes that have the same value in the second file as in the first.

 The /M option controls how many such sets of differences are reported for each
 pair of files being compared.

 Examples

    [C:\CLU]comp *.HLP *.INF
    Differences between OS2CLU02.hlp and OS2CLU02.INF:
    00000000: 48 53 50 10 9b 00 02 02 4e 00 0b 01 00 00 0f 0a : HSPЫ·N··
┬╖┬╖┬╖
    00000000: "" "" "" 01 "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" : HSP
Ы·N··
┬╖┬╖┬╖

             0 files matched of 1 files found, 1 files scanned.

    [C:\CLU]comp /m0 OS2CLU02.* *.zip
    OS2CLU02.dll differs from OS2CLU02.zip
    OS2CLU02.hlp differs from OS2CLU02.zip
    OS2CLU02.INF differs from OS2CLU02.zip
    OS2CLU02.RAR differs from OS2CLU02.zip
    OS2CLU02.TAR.bz2 differs from OS2CLU02.zip
    OS2CLU02.TAR.gz differs from OS2CLU02.zip
    OS2CLU02.ZIP matches OS2CLU02.zip
             1 files matched of 7 files found, 7 files scanned.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 17. CONVCASE - Convert the case of file and directory names ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Synopsis

CONVCASE [/?] [/A[[+|-]drash]] [/SEQU[+|-]] [/METHOD] Filespecs ...

Options

    /?      Display command syntax information.

    /A      Select files by attribute.

    /E      Do not display non-fatal error messages.

    /N      Simulate execution.

    /Q      Operate quietly.

    /S      Recurse into subdirectories.

    /U      Do not display summary information.

    /UPPER  Convert filenames to all uppercase.

    /MIXED  Convert filenames to mixed case, with the start of each "word"
            capitalised.

    /LOWER  Convert filenames to all lowercase.

 Note

 The FAT filesystem, in all filename operations, silently converts lower case
 characters to upper case.  The CONVCASE command will therefore have no effect
 on FAT volumes. The behaviour of the filesystem driver is not within the
 control of the CONVCASE command.

 Description

 The CONVCASE command changes the case of the filenames specified by the
 wildcard specifications.

 The /UPPER, /LOWER, and /MIXED options control whether the target filename
 will be in upper, lower, or mixed case.

 Unlike other case conversion utilities, CONVCASE does not use intermediate
 names for files, and so will not encounter name conflicts, and cannot be
 forcibly terminated such that a filename is left in an intermediate state.

 Examples

    [C:\CLU]convcase /upper w*.exe
    WC.exe -> WC.EXE
    What.exe -> WHAT.EXE
    Which.exe -> WHICH.EXE
    WinSight.exe -> WINSIGHT.EXE
             4 files converted of 4 files found, 4 files scanned.

    [C:\CLU]convcase /mixed w*.exe
    WC.EXE -> Wc.Exe
    WHAT.EXE -> What.Exe
    WHICH.EXE -> Which.Exe
    WINSIGHT.EXE -> Winsight.Exe
             4 files converted of 4 files found, 4 files scanned.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 18. CPUIDG - Graphical display of CPU ID information ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Synopsis

CPUIDG [/?] [/CONFIRMCLOSE] [/Iinstancename]

Options

    /?      Display command syntax information.

    /I      Specify the "instance" name used for saving and restoring the
            window position to and from the OS/2 User Profile file.

    /CONFIRMCLOSERequire confirmation before closing the program.
            (default:OFF)

 Description

 The CPUIDG command displays, in a dialogue box, all of the information about
 the CPU that may be obtained from the CPUID instruction.

 Note:  CPUIDG writes its current window position, whenever it exits, to the
        "OS2CLU CPU Information:Position" section of the OS/2 User Profile file
        (usually C:\OS2\OS2.INI), which it then reads and uses when it next
        starts up.  The name of the key used is determined by the /I option.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 19. CPUIDT - Display CPU ID information ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Synopsis

CPUIDT [/?]

Options

    /?      Display command syntax information.

 Description

 The CPUIDT command displays, as text, all of the information about the CPU
 that may be obtained from the CPUID instruction.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 20. DELTREE - Delete an entire subtree ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Synopsis

DELTREE [/?] [/A[[-|+]drash]] [/EQNUWF[-|+]] Filespecs ...

Options

    /?      Display command syntax information.

    /A      Select files by attribute.

    /E      Do not display non-fatal error messages.

    /N      Simulate execution.

    /Q      Operate quietly.

    /U      Do not display summary information.

    /F      Prevent undelete information from being saved. (default:OFF)

    /W      Zero the contents of each file before deleting it. (default:OFF) (
            Note on wiping files)

            Use this option with caution.  The contents of all files deleted in
            this manner are unrecoverable.  Even if undeleted with the UNDELETE
            command, the original contents of the files will have been lost.

    /ISO8601 Display date and time in the standard format.

 Description

 The DELTREE command is a wrapper around the XDEL command that provides
 functionality similar to the DELTREE command supplied with MS-DOS and DR-DOS
 (whose DELTREE command is also a wrapper around its XDEL command,
 incidentally).  It prefixes the /S, /X, and /Z options to its command line
 before passing it to XDEL, and thus deletes the files specified by the
 wildcard specifications, recursing into subdirectories, deleting empty
 directories, and overriding read-only protection on files.

 Unlike the DELTREE command supplied with DR-DOS and MS-DOS, DELTREE supports
 extended wildcards and selection of files by attribute.

 Examples

    [c:\]deltree c:\subdir1\

 deletes the entire tree rooted at the directory C:\SUBDIR1\, including
 read-only files and removing all empty subdirectories as well. Notice the
 trailing slash.

    [c:\]deltree c:\subdir1

 recursively scans the entire directory tree on drive C:, starting from the
 root, deleting all files named SUBDIR1 and removing all empty subdirectories.
 Directories in the Workplace Shell Desktop are usually empty, and will be
 deleted by this command if your WPS desktop happens to be on drive C:.  This
 will cause your system to become unbootable.

    [c:\]deltree /w *.txt

 deletes all *.TXT files from the current directory and all directories below
 it, including read-only files, overwriting them entirely with zeroes first,
 and removes all empty subdirectories found along the way.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 21. DIGCLOCK - Display the date and time in a window ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Synopsis

DIGCLOCK [/?] [/ISO8601] [/BROKENWPS] [/ONTOP] [/CONFIRMCLOSE] [/WIDGETS]
[/FONTfontstr] [/Fformat] [/Iinstancename] [/Ntitle] [/TZtzstring] [/U[+|-]]

Options

    /?      Display command syntax information.

    /F      Specify a format string to use for displaying the date.

            If this option is not specified, the default string is either "%c
            %Z" (display the date in a format determined by the country
            settings) or, if the the /ISO8601 option is given, "%F %T %z".

    /N      Specify the title text for the window.

    /I      Specify the "instance" name used for saving and restoring the
            window position to and from the OS/2 User Profile file.

    /TZ     Specify a timezone string to use.

            This overrides whatever TZ environment variable DIGCLOCK may have
            inherited from its parent process.

    /U      Force DIGCLOCK to use UTC time rather than local time.
            (default:OFF)

            If this toggle is ON, DIGCLOCK displays UTC time. If this toggle is
            OFF, DIGCLOCK displays local time.

    /ISO8601 Display date and time in the standard format.

    /BROKENWPSIf a format string is supplied with the /F option, convert all
            '$' symbols in the string to '%' symbols.

            This allows a format string to be specified in the "Parameters"
            field of a Workplace Shell Desktop program object.  The Workplace
            Shell handles '%' characters in the Parameters field of a program
            object, and (alas!) provides no means for passing a literal '%'
            character to a program.

    /ONTOP  Force DIGCLOCK to place itself at the top of the z-order every
            second.  (default:OFF)

    /CONFIRMCLOSERequire confirmation before closing the program.
            (default:OFF)

    /WIDGETSHide the window "widgets", i.e. the system menu, the hide and close
            buttons, and the title bar.  (default:OFF)

    /FONT   Specify the font to use.

            The name must be in the format used for font names (i.e.including
            size) in the Font Palette in the OS/2 System Setup folder.

 Description

 The DIGCLOCK command displays the date and time in a Presentation Manager
 window, updating it once per second.

 Note:  For correct operation, the hardware real-time clock must be set to UTC
        and the TZ environment variable must be properly set.

 The purpose of the /TZ option is to provide a means for setting the TZ
 environment variable when DIGCLOCK is invoked from the Workplace Shell. When
 DIGCLOCK is invoked from the command line or a command script file, the TZ
 environment variable to use can be specified by using the SET command, since
 DIGCLOCK will inherit it from the command interpreter.

 Commands run from Workplace Shell, however, inherit their environment
 variables from the Workplace Shell process, which has no means for altering
 its environment variables (apart from editing CONFIG.SYS and rebooting).  So
 in order to run different instances of DIGCLOCK with different environment
 variables, use the /TZ option to specify the timezone string by placing it in
 the program parameters field of the properties notebook for the program
 object(s) that starts DIGCLOCK.

 The % character is a metacharacter in the various command-line interpreters.
 This means that in order to pass it to the DIGCLOCK command it must be doubled
 (i.e. four % characters if a literal % character is required in the display).
 Alternatively, either use the ^ character to "escape" the % character, such as
 in the command

    [c:\]digclock /f"The year is "^%Y.

 or (4OS2 and Take Command only) use the backquote character to prevent
 metacharacter recognition, such as in the command

    [c:\]digclock /f`"%G week %V, %a %T %Z"`

 Note:  DIGCLOCK writes its current window position, whenever it exits, to the
        "OS2CLU Digital Clock:Position" section of the OS/2 User Profile file
        (usually C:\OS2\OS2.INI), which it then reads and uses when it next
        starts up.  The name of the key used is determined by the /I option.

 Examples

 The following command script starts six instances of DIGCLOCK, each running in
 a different timezone:

    @echo off
    setlocal
    set TZ=PST9PDT
    start /n digclock /n"U.S. Pacific Time"
    set TZ=MST7MDT
    start /n digclock /n"U.S. Mountain Time"
    set TZ=EST5EDT
    start /n digclock /n"U.S. Eastern Time"
    set TZ=GMT0BST,M3.5/1,M10.5/1
    start /n digclock /n"United Kingdom Time"
    set TZ=EST-10EDT,M10.5,M3.5
    start /n digclock /n"Australian Eastern Time"
    set TZ=NZST-11NZDT,M10.5,M3.3
    start /n digclock /n"New Zealand Time"

 Each instance will change between the standard and the daylight savings time
 for its timezone automatically, and independently of all of the others (and
 also on different dates, since the DST rules for the U.K., Australia, and New
 Zealand do not match those for the U.S.).


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 22. DIRSIZE - Display directory sizes ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Synopsis

DIRSIZE [/?] [/A[[-|+]drash]] [/SEXCQUB[-|+]] [Filespecs ...]

Options

    /?      Display command syntax information.

    /A      Select files by attribute.

    /E      Do not display non-fatal error messages.

    /Q      Operate quietly.

    /S      Recurse into subdirectories.

    /U      Do not display summary information.

    /B      Display "brief" output, which doesn't include the sizes or space
            allocated.

    /C      Do not display column headings.

    /X      Do not display directories where no files match the wildcard
            specifiction.

 Description

 The DIRSIZE command displays the total size, total space allocated for, and
 the total number of all files that match the wildcard specifications, and the
 name of the directory containing them.

 Unlike the GNU DU command, the DIRSIZE command reports on the total number of
 matching files found and the space actually allocated to them, as well as the
 total size; also unlike the DNU DU command, it allows wildcard specifications.

 Note

 The sizes of directories, i.e. the number of bytes on disc that are consumed
 by the directories themselves, are not reported by OS/2 to applications.  OS/2
 always returns 0 for the length and allocation size of a directory.  (This is
 the reason that the DIR command built into the command interpreter displays
 "<DIR>" in the length field for directories.) DIRSIZE therefore cannot
 include, in the total for any given directory, the sizes of the directories
 that it contains, and can only include the sizes of the files that it
 contains.  If this behaviour of OS/2 is ever fixed, DIRSIZE will automatically
 display the correct size information, however.

 Examples

 To report the sizes per directory of all executable files in all
 subdirectories below the current directory:

    [C:\UTILS]dirsize /sec *.{exe,com,btm,cmd,bat}
       2020668    2032128         49 bin\*.{exe,com,btm,cmd,bat}
             0          0          0 Book\*.{exe,com,btm,cmd,bat}
             0          0          0 data\*.{exe,com,btm,cmd,bat}
             0          0          0 dll\*.{exe,com,btm,cmd,bat}
             0          0          0 help\*.{exe,com,btm,cmd,bat}
       2418414    2427392         29 *.{exe,com,btm,cmd,bat}
       4439082 bytes in         78 files found, 119 files scanned.
       4459520 bytes allocated.

 To report the total size of all ZIP, BZ2, and RAR files in all subdirectories
 below the current directory:

    [C:\CLU]dirsize /s/e/c/q *.{rar,zip,bz2}
     1377764 bytes in          3 files found, 56 files scanned.
     1378304 bytes allocated.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 23. DUMP - Dump executable, object, library, and archive files ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Synopsis

DUMP [/?] [/A[[-|+]drash]] [/SEU[-|+]] [/T[fmt]] [Filespecs ...]

Options

    /?      Display command syntax information.

    /A      Select files by attribute.

    /E      Do not display non-fatal error messages.

    /S      Recurse into subdirectories.

    /U      Do not display summary information.

    /T      Specify, or override, the output format to use:

            HEX            A plain hex dump

            EXE            Dump as an executable file

            ARC            Dump as an ARC or PAK archive

            ARJ            Dump as an ARJ archive

            LZH            Dump as an LZH or LHA archive

            RAR            Dump as a RAR archive

            ZIP            Dump as a ZIP archive

            ZOO            Dump as a ZOO archive

            OMF            Dump as an Intel OMF file (*.OBJ or *.LIB file)

            PKT            Dump as a Fidonet *.PKT file

    /ISO8601 Display date and time in the standard format.

 Description

 The DUMP command displays the contents of the files that match the wildcard
 specifications. For executable files, it displays the contents of the
 executable's header and section information.  For object and library files it
 decodes and displays Intel OMF object records.  And for archive files it lists
 all of the files contained within the archive.  All other file types are
 displayed as raw hexadecimal data.

 DUMP understands the 'MZ', 'LX', and 'PE' executable formats, Intel OMF format
 OBJ and LIB files, Fidonet PKT files, and ARC, ARJ, LZH, RAR, ZIP, and ZOO
 archive files.

 Tip:  Users with Vernon Buerg's (16-bit) LIST for OS/2 program may wish to
       copy DUMP.EXE to FV.EXE (or set up the alias alias DUMP=FV in 4OS2), so
       that they can make use of the Archive [V]iew option in LIST.  Other,
       better, list programs for OS/2, such as John Allen's (32-bit) OnScreen,
       do not require a separate "file view" program.

 If no wildcard specifications are supplied, DUMP acts as a filter, dumping its
 standard input.  In the absence of any options to the contrary, this is in
 hexadecimal and ASCII.  For example, the command

    [c:\]cls | dump

 shows what ANSI escape sequence the CLS command uses to clear the screen.

 The /T option allows the output format to be specified when DUMP is being used
 as a filter.  This allows an archive file to be piped into DUMP, and still be
 dumped properly.  If wildcard specifications are supplied, /O overrides the
 choice of output format, which would otherwise be based on the extension
 portion of the name of the file being dumped.  To revert to the default
 behaviour, use /T without any format specification following it.  For example,
 the command

    [c:\]dump /t:rar file.exe /t file.exe

 dumps FILE.EXE twice, the first time as if it were a RAR archive, and the
 second time as an executable (since its name ends in the extension ".EXE").
 This is useful for dumping self-extracting archives.

 Notes

 When dumping ZIP archives, the note

    NN bytes of junk at the end of the archive.

 indicates that there are extra bytes in the archive after the end of the ZIP
 archive comment.  Some "zipcomment" utilities, often used by large FTP sites
 and subscription BBSes to insert advertisements, cause this problem because
 they do not truncate the archive file properly when the archive comment that
 they are adding is shorter than the one that was previously there.  This
 message does not indicate a problem with the archive (PKZIP for OS/2 can
 handle such archives), and is for informational purposes only.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 24. FF - Find files ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Synopsis

FF [/?] [/A[[-|+]drash]] [/SEBFQU[-|+]] Filespecs ...

Options

    /?      Display command syntax information.

    /A      Select files by attribute.

    /E      Do not display non-fatal error messages.

    /Q      Operate quietly.

    /S      Recurse into subdirectories.

    /U      Do not display summary information.

    /B      Display "bare" filenames, without attribute, size, or date
            information. (default:OFF)

    /F      Display full pathnames (default:ON).

    /T      Specify which of the last access (/TA), last write (/TW, the
            default), or creation times (/TC) to display.

            Note:   This only applies to ordinary files, since none of the
            supported archive formats store the creation or last access dates
            for files.

    /ISO8601 Display date and time in the standard format.

    /ARC    Search inside ARC format archives.

    /ARJ    Search inside ARJ format archives (not multi-volume).

    /LZH    Search inside LZH format archives.

    /PAK    Search inside PZK format archives.

    /RAR    Search inside RAR format archives (not multi-volume).

    /ZIP    Search inside ZIP format archives (not multi-volume).

    /ZOO    Search inside ZOO format archives.

    /DIR    Search directories.

    /C      Display the name of the containing archive file.  (Default:ON)

 Description

 The FF command locates files that match the wildcard specifications. In
 addition to looking for ordinary files, it also scans the contents of any ARC,
 ARJ, LZH, PAK, RAR, ZIP, or ZOO archive files found in the given directories
 looking for files that match.

 FF does not process extended attribute data contained in any archive format,
 and leaves the EA size column blank for files found in archives.

 The ARC format does not store file attributes, so FF leaves the attribute
 column blank for files found in ARC or PAK archives.

 The ZOO format does not store OS/2-style file attributes, but instead stores
 POSIX file permissions.  Unfortunately, there is no definitive mapping from
 one to the other (especially for the System, Hidden, and Archive attributes).
 FF therefore leaves the attribute column blank for files found in ZOO
 archives.

 Examples

 To report the total number of *.CMD files in all subdirectories and all
 archives below the current directory:

    [C:\CLU]ff /s/q *.cmd
          3542 bytes in          3 files found, 5 files scanned.
             0 bytes in          0 files found in 0 ARC archives.
             0 bytes in          0 files found in 0 ARJ archives.
             0 bytes in          0 files found in 0 LZH archives.
          3542 bytes in          3 files found in 1 RAR archives.
          3542 bytes in          3 files found in 1 ZIP archives.
             0 bytes in          0 files found in 0 ZOO archives.

 To locate all OS2CLU02.*.BZ2 files in all subdirectories on the current drive,
 starting from the root directory, without displaying any non-fatal error
 messages and without searching any archives:

    [C:\CLU]ff /iso8601 /se/arc-/arj-/lzh-/pak-/rar-/zip-/zoo- \os2clu02.*.bz2
    1999-08-26 08:51:24     414939         92 _____A \CLU\OS2CLU02.TAR.bz2
    1999-08-26 08:51:24     414939         92 _____A \Develop\OS2CLU02\Release\OS2CLU02.TAR.bz2
        829878 bytes in          2 files found, 2 files scanned.

 To locate any *.TXT files in all subdirectories of the current directory,
 without searching in ARC, ARJ, PAK, ZIP, or ZOO archives and without
 displaying non-fatal error messages:

    [C:\CLU]ff /iso8601 /se/arc-/arj-/pak-/zip-/zoo- *.txt
    1999-08-26 11:06:08      20980         70 _____A blurb.txt
    1999-08-26 11:31:48       6274         88 _____A readme.txt
    1999-08-13 18:12:12       5719            _____A (OS2CLU02.RAR) readme.txt
    1999-08-18 10:45:50      20423            _____A (OS2CLU02.RAR) blurb.txt
         27254 bytes in          2 files found, 3 files scanned.
             0 bytes in          0 files found in 0 LZH archives.
         26142 bytes in          2 files found in 1 RAR archives.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 25. FIND - Search files for text ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Synopsis

FIND [/A[[+|-]drash]] [/SEBICQUV[+|-]] [/O[num[,num]]] Pattern [Filespecs ...]

Options

    /?      Display command syntax information.

    /A      Select files by attribute.

    /E      Do not display non-fatal error messages.

    /Q      Operate quietly.

    /S      Recurse into subdirectories.

    /U      Do not display summary information.

    /B      Display "bare" lines, without the filename and line number.
            (default:OFF)

    /I      Ignore case in comparisons.  (default:ON)

    /C      Display the count of lines that match for each file where one or
            more lines have matched.  (default:OFF)

    /V      Invert the sense of the match (i.e. display lines that do not match
            the pattern).  (default:OFF)

    /O      Specify the number of lines of context to print before and after
            every match.  The default, if either number (or both) is omitted,
            is zero lines.

            Note:  Specifying anything other than zero lines of context to be
            displayed before each match significantly affects performance.

 Description

 The FIND command is a wrapper around the GREP command that provides
 functionality similar to the 16-bit FIND command supplied with OS/2.  It
 prefixes the /R option to its command line before passing it to GREP. This
 turns regular expressions off by default.

 Unlike the 16-bit FIND command supplied with OS/2, FIND supports extended
 wildcards, recursion into subdirectories, and selection of files by attribute.
 It also numbers lines by default, unless brief mode is selected by the /B
 option.

 Examples

    [c:\]find "IBM" README

 searches for the string "IBM" in the file README.

    [c:\]find /s "OS/2 Warp" c:\*.txt

 recursively scans the entire directory tree on drive C:, starting from the
 root, looking for files whose names match the pattern *.TXT, and searching any
 found for lines that contain the string "OS/2 Warp" in any combination of
 upper and lower case.

    [c:\]find /s/e/c/q "CMD" c:\os2\*.cmd

 recursively scans the entire directory tree beneath C:\OS2, looking for files
 whose names match the pattern *.CMD, and searching any found for lines that
 contain the string "CMD" in any combination of upper and lower case.  Lines
 that match are not printed (/Q), but a count is printed of the total number of
 lines that matched for each file where one or more matches occur.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 26. FINDDUPS - Find duplicate files ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Synopsis

FINDDUPS [/?] [/A[[-|+]drash]] [/T[acw]] [/SEBFUCQ[-|+]] [/NZ] [Filespecs ...]

Options

    /?      Display command syntax information.

    /A      Select files by attribute.

    /E      Do not display non-fatal error messages.

    /Q      Operate quietly.

    /S      Recurse into subdirectories.

    /U      Do not display summary information.

    /B      Display "bare" filenames, without attribute, size, or date
            information. (default:OFF)

    /F      Display full filenames, rather than simply basenames. (default:ON)

    /C      Display only the name of the "copy" file, without the name of the
            original file.  (default:OFF)

    /T      Specify which of the last access (/TA), last write (/TW, the
            default), or creation times (/TC) to display.

    /NZ     Skip any files that have zero length. (default:OFF)

    /ISO8601 Display date and time in the standard format.

 Description

 The FINDDUPS command reads all of the files specified by the wildcard
 specifications, listing the details of any files whose contents are exactly
 the same as the contents of files that it has already scanned, along with the
 name of the original file (the first one found) that they are duplicates of.

 Examples

    [c:\]finddups /se *.{jpg,gif,bmp}

 will display the details of all JPEG, GIF, or bitmap files in the current
 directory or any of its subdirectories that happen to be duplicates of other
 JPEG, GIF, or bitmap files.

    [c:\]finddups /b *.txt

 will display, in brief format, all TXT files in the current directory that
 happen to be duplicates of other TXT files.

    [c:\]finddups c:\downloads\ d:\archives\

 will display all duplicate files in the two directories C:\DOWNLOADS and
 D:\ARCHIVES.  Note that, as explained in the section on wildcard filenames,
 the trailing slash without an explicit wildcard filename implies the wildcard
 "*".


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 27. FITSIZE - Order a set of files into groups with a given maximum size ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Synopsis

FITSIZE [/?] [/A[[-|+]drash]] [/T[acw]] [/SEUBF[-|+]] [/MAXsize[KkMmGg]]
Filespecs ...

Options

    /?      Display command syntax information.

    /A      Select files by attribute.

    /E      Do not display non-fatal error messages.

    /S      Recurse into subdirectories.

    /U      Do not display summary information.

    /B      Display "bare" filenames, without attribute, size, or date
            information. (default:OFF)

    /F      Display full filenames, rather than simply basenames. (default:ON)

    /T      Specify which of the last access (/TA), last write (/TW, the
            default), or creation times (/TC) to display.

    /ISO8601 Display date and time in the standard format.

    /MAX    Specify the maximum size for the groups of files.  (default:1440k)
            The size figure may be followed by one of the following suffixes:

            Ki             1,024s of bytes (kibibytes)

            K              1,000s of bytes (kilobytes)

            Me             1,048,576s of bytes (mebibytes)

            M              1,000,000s of bytes (megabytes)

            Gi             1,073,741,824s of bytes (gibibytes)

            G              1,000,000,000s of bytes (gigabytes)

            Note:  The k, M, and G suffixes are the official SI abbreviations
            for kilo-, mega-, and giga-, which are always powers of 10.  The
            Ki, Me, and Gi suffixes, abbreviations for kibi-, mebi-, and gibi-
            respectively, are the standard suffixes for powers of 2 proposed by
            the IEEE and the IEC.

            If no suffix is present, the size is in bytes.

 Description

 The FITSIZE command sorts the files specified by the wildcard specifications
 into groups that do not exceed a given maximum size.

 FITSIZE is useful for deciding how to arrange a set of files onto multiple
 discs.

 Note on the algorithm used

 The problem that FITSIZE solves is commonly called The Knapsack Problem, and
 is one of a set of mathematical problems where the optimum solution cannot be
 obtained in polynomial time (i.e. the time taken is proportional to the
 exponential of the number of items to be packed, or worse).

 FITSIZE uses an algorithm that operates in polynomial time, but that does not
 always produce the optimum packing configuration for any given set of files.

 The FITSIZE command operates by first sorting all files that it finds into
 descending order of size.  It then repeatedly picks the largest file available
 that will fit into the current group, and adds it to the group, starting a new
 group every time that the remaining available space in the current group is
 smaller than any file that remains.

 Examples

    [c:\]fitsize /max=1440k *.txt

 list all *.TXT files, in groups that will fit onto a 1.4MB floppy disc.

    [c:\]fitsize /max=120M

 list all files, in groups that will fit onto a 120MB floppy disc.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 28. GREP - Search files for patterns ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Synopsis

GREP [/?] [/A[[-|+]drash]] [/RSELICQBUV[-|+]] [/O[num[,num]]] Pattern
[Filespecs ...]

Options

    /?      Display command syntax information.

    /A      Select files by attribute.

    /E      Do not display non-fatal error messages.

    /Q      Operate quietly.

    /S      Recurse into subdirectories.

    /U      Do not display summary information.

    /R      Use regular expressions in the pattern.  (default:ON)

    /B      Display "bare" lines, without the filename and line number.
            (default:OFF)

    /I      Ignore case in comparisons.  (default:ON)

    /C      Display the count of lines that match for each file where one or
            more lines have matched.  (default:OFF)

    /V      Invert the sense of the match (i.e. display lines that do not match
            the pattern).  (default:OFF)

    /O      Specify the number of lines of context to print before and after
            every match.  The default, if either number (or both) is omitted,
            is zero lines.

            Note:  Specifying anything other than zero lines of context to be
            displayed before each match significantly affects performance.

    /L      List the filename of each file where one or more lines have
            matched.  (default:OFF)

 Description

 The GREP command searches the files specified by the wildcard specifications
 for the given pattern.  If no filenames are specified, GREP will act as a
 filter command, scanning its standard input.  It writes those lines that do or
 that do not (according to the state of the /V toggle) contain the pattern to
 its standard output.

 When the /R toggle is OFF, the pattern is a literal text string, and the GREP
 command behaves like the UNIX "fgrep" program.

 When the /R toggle is ON, as it is by default, the pattern is a regular
 expression, and the GREP command behaves like the UNIX "egrep" program.  GREP
 fully supports the so-called "basic" regular expression syntax, and almost all
 of the "extended" regular expression syntax.

 Several of the metacharacters used in regular expressions also have meanings
 for various command-line interpreters.  It is thus necessary to quote the
 pattern, or at least the metacharacters within it.  For example, when using |
 to separate branches, the | character (which signifies a pipeline to CMD,
 4OS2, and Take Command) must be "escaped", using the ^ character, yielding the
 command

    [c:\]grep BASEDEV^|DEVICE \config.*

 The ^ character is a regular expression metacharacter, but is also the
 (default) "escape" character for command interpreters, used to quote other
 special characters so that the command interpreter does not act upon them. To
 use a ^ character in a regular expression, it must be escaped:

    [c:\]grep [^^;]$ *.cpp *.h

 and

    [c:\]grep ^^Chapter *.txt

 When the regular expression contains so many metacharacters that it becomes
 inconvenient to "escape" every single one with a caret, a better alternative
 is to surround the whole pattern with quotation marks.  For example

    [c:\]grep "^REM|\<OS2\\(INSTALL|SYSTEM)\>" \config.*

 Examples

    [c:\]grep .I..I.G dict.txt

 searches the file "dict.txt" for lines containing 7 characters, of which the
 second is 'I', the fifth 'I', and the seventh 'G'.  This is useful for
 searching word lists for the answers to crossword puzzles.

    [c:\]grep "\<base[A-Za-z]*\>" file.txt

 searches the file "file.txt" for lines containing any word beginning with
 "base", such as "basement", "basename", and "baseball".

    [c:\]grep "ltd\.|inc\." file.txt

 searches the file "file.txt" for lines containing either "ltd." or "inc.".

    [c:\]grep "<[A-Za-z0-9.]+@[A-Za-z0-9.]+>" mail.txt

 searches the file "mail.txt" for lines that might contain SMTP e-mail
 addresses.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 28.1. Regular expressions ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The regular expression syntax is a subset of the regular expression syntax
specified in the POSIX standards:

 .         Any character

 ?         Zero or one repetition.

 +         One or more repetitions.

 *         Zero or more repetitions.

 []        Encloses a character set.

 ()        Encloses a subexpression.

 |         Separates alternatives.

 \         Quote the next character.  This is used to turn metacharacters into
           literals.

 ^         Match the beginning of the line.

 $         Match the end of the line.

 \<        Match the beginning of a word.

 \>        Match the end of a word.

 A pattern comprises a list of branches, separated by | if there is more than
 one.  Each branch comprises a series of consecutive pieces, all of which must
 match in the given order for the branch as a whole to match. Each piece
 comprises an ^, $, or an atom followed by an optional suffix operator *, ?, or
 +.  An atom is a character set, a subexpression enclosed in parentheses, ., or
 a literal character.

 Character sets comprise a list of characters, character ranges, and character
 classes, enclosed within '[' and ']'.  A match occurs if the target character
 is in the set, unless the entire set is prefixed by the '^' character (which
 is not part of the set itself) in which case a match occurs if the target
 character is not in the set.  A character range is two characters separated by
 a '-', and includes all characters lexically from the first to the second.  A
 character class is a class name ("alpha", "digit", "alnum", "xdigit", "graph",
 "space", "print", "upper", "lower", "cntrl", or "punct") enclosed within "[:"
 and ":]", and denotes all characters in that class.  To include the ']'
 character as part of the set, list it before all other characters.  To include
 the '-' character as part of the set, list it before all other characters
 except ']'.

 Examples

 .*                                   Zero or more characters, i.e. any string.

 .+                                   One or more characters, i.e. any
                                      non-empty string.

 c..                                  Three characters, the first of which is
                                      'c'.

 .a...n.                              7 characters, the second of which is 'a'
                                      and the sixth of which is 'n' (useful for
                                      solving crosswords!)

 [0-9]+                               A sequence of digits that is at least one
                                      character long.

 [[:alpha:]][[:alnum:]]*              Any single alphabetic character, followed
                                      by zero or more alphanumeric characters.

 [[:alnum:][:space:]$]                An alphanumeric character, a whitespace
                                      character, or the '$' character.

 ^REM(ARK)?                           Any line beginning with REM or REMARK.

 [^;]$                                Any line not ending with a semi-colon.

 \<(their|they're|there)\>            One of the three words "their",
                                      "they're", or "there".

 \+[0-9]+[- ][- 0-9]+                 A telephone number in standard
                                      internationalised form (with either
                                      spaces or dashes).

 \<[A-Za-z][A-Za-z] [0-9]+\>          A U.S.-style "zip" (i.e. postal) code.

 ([0-9]+:)?[0-9]+/[0-9]+(\.[0-9]+)?   A Fidonet address, with optional zone
                                      number and point number.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 29. HELP - Obtain on-line help ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Synopsis

HELP
HELP [/?]
HELP [ON|OFF]
HELP ErrorNumber
HELP [Book] Topic

Options

    /?      Display command syntax information.

 Note

 This command is a REXX script.  It requires that either Classic REXX or Object
 REXX be installed.

 Tip for Take Command for OS/2 users

 The built-in HELP command in Take Command for OS/2 up to at least version 2.01
 contains several bugs (most notably that the text for an error message is
 displayed in a separate session that then immediately closes!). This HELP
 command operates correctly in Take Command.  Take Command users can disable
 the built-in HELP command, in order to use this one, by issuing the command

    [c:\]setdos /i-help

 Description

 The HELP command is a drop-in replacement for the HELP command supplied with
 OS/2.  Unlike the latter, however, it does not require HELPMSG.EXE, and does
 not obliterate customised prompt strings.

 When used on its own, HELP displays some useful information about how to
 switch windows, obtain help, and exit the command interpreter.

 The ON and OFF options will prepend and delete the string "$i" from the PROMPT
 environment variable.  This controls whether or not the command interpreter
 displays the help banner whenever the prompt is displayed. The PROMPT
 environment variable is not otherwise altered.

 Error numbers are either plain numbers, in which case the error message text
 is read from the system error files, or may be prefixed by 3 alphabetic
 characters denoting the message file to search for the error message text.

 If the argument is not recognised as an error number, then HELP assumes that
 help about a specific topic is being requested.  If no book is specified in
 which to look up the topic, HELP will use the value of the CMDREF environment
 variable.  If the CMDREF environment variable is empty, or does not exist,
 HELP will use the OS/2 Warp Command Reference.  The on-line reference for the
 OS2CLU utilities is os2clu02.inf, so

    [c:\]help os2clu02 grep

 will obtain on-line help about the OS2CLU GREP utility.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 30. PARTLIST - Display the partition tables ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Synopsis

PARTLIST [/?] [/FIX] [Disc numbers ...]

Options

    /?      Display command syntax information.

    /FIX    Fix any errors found.

 Caution

 Be extremely careful when using the /FIX option to the PARTLIST command if you
 use DOS, DOS+Windows 95, or DOS+Windows 98.  Unlike Linux, UNIX, OS/2 Warp,
 and Windows NT, all three DOS-based systems use the "CHS" fields in the
 partition table rather than the "LBA" fields.  PARTLIST /FIX adjusts those
 fields, which will alter DOS', DOS+Windows 95's, and DOS+Windows 98's
 perceptions of where partitions are located on the disc. This is, of course,
 one of the useful functions of PARTLIST (being able to fix the partition table
 from OS/2 Warp so that DOS can function after a geometry change).
 Nevertheless, great care should be exercised.

 Description

 The PARTLIST command displays the contents of the partition table on the
 specified physical discs, or on all detected physical discs if no disc numbers
 are specified.  It also detects many common errors that can occur in the
 partition table, and fixes them if the /FIX option is used.

 Although the same information can be obtained from the FDISK command using the
 /QUERY option, FDISK "cooks" the data that it reads before displaying it,
 which can result in confusion.  PARTLIST displays the partition table contents
 in "raw" form, displaying the contents of all four entries from every
 partition table sector, and displaying all values in sectors rather than
 converting them to kilobytes.  (See how the partition table works.)

 PARTLIST is also more informative than FDISK about the BIOS 1024 cylinder
 problem (often misconstrued and misdocumented by many people as a "504MB
 problem", "528MB problem", or "7.87GB problem").  It will report when a
 partition is either partially or wholly beyond the 1024th cylinder of the
 disc, making it either partially or wholly inaccessible to the BIOS at boot
 time.

 The /FIX option is useful if, for example, a disc has been moved from one
 system, with one type of translating main BIOS (or SCSI BIOS) ROM, to another
 system with a different type of BIOS ROM.  Because the "geometry" of the disc
 changes (with SCSI discs, this geometry is entirely fictional anyway, being an
 artifact of the SCSI BIOS, and nothing to do with SCSI itself), the "CHS"
 fields in the partition table, which DOS, and DOS-based systems such as
 DOS+Windows 95 and DOS+Windows 98, use to locate the partitions on the disc,
 point to the wrong places.

 When this happens, the OS/2 FDISK command often complains that "the partition
 table is corrupt", and refuses to operate.  DOS, and DOS-based systems, also
 tend to crash on bootup.  The "fix" that is given by most authorities is to
 clean the contents of the partition table by low-level formatting the drive!
 This is, quite obviously, overkill, since it results in the loss of all data
 on the drive, and has resulted in the popular, and untrue, myth that changing
 discs between BIOSes, or between SCSI host adapters, requires a low-level
 format.  The /FIX option to PARTLIST will fix problems caused by changes in
 BIOS geometry without requiring a low-level format, and makes no other
 modifications to the data on the disc apart from altering the partition table,
 so does not destroy data.

 When diagnosing and fixing errors in the partition table, PARTLIST assumes
 that the "LBA" fields in the partition table entries are definitive, since
 these are purely "linear" values, that are unaffected by the choice of disc
 geometry made by the BIOS.  PARTLIST always adjusts the "CHS" fields in the
 partition table to match the values in the "LBA" fields, never the other way
 around.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 30.1. How the partition table works ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The partition table on a partitionable disc is a linked list of MBRs. Each MBR
contains within it a fixed-size table that describes exactly four partitions.
Each entry in the table lists the type of the entry, the start and end
cylinder/head/sector position (as the BIOS INT 13h function would see it) and
the start and length of the partition in logical blocks. Type 00 entries in the
table are unused, and do not describe anything.

The first block on the disc, logical block number 0, is the primary MBR.
Entries in this MBR's table describe primary partitions (which is why there can
never be more four primary partitions per disc).  A type 05 or type 0F entry
describes an "extended partition" (which is why having an extended partition
reduces the maximum number of primary partitions to three).

The extended partition entries are what forms the linking of items in the
linked list.  At the start of the partition described by a type 05 or type 0F
entry in one MBR is another MBR, a secondary MBR.  This contains a further four
entries.  By convention, and because some operating systems actually don't work
if this is not the case, each secondary MBR's table has no more than two
entries with types other than 00.  One entry describes a partition, contained
wholly within the extended partition, that is the "logical drive in the
extended partition", and the other entry is optional, and is a type 05 or type
0F entry that links to the next secondary MBR in the partition table if there
is one.

Free space on the disc, not occupied by any partitions, is not listed in the
partition table.  A type 00 entry in an MBR merely means that the entry is
available for use.

Most, if not all, current BIOSes are pretty simple, and are unable to follow
the links from the primary MBR to the secondary MBRs, which is why only primary
partitions may be bootable.  The BIOSes do not care about partition types, and
simply boot the first entry in the primary MBR that is marked "active".  OS/2's
Boot Manager is a primary partition, type 0A, containing code that is smart
enough to be able to traverse the whole partition table and thus boot from any
partition on the disc.  It is also not limited to booting active partitions
(obviously enough, since it has to be the active primary partition itself).

By convention, partitions occupy whole numbers of tracks.  Thus Boot Manager,
whose code and data only actually occupies a handful of blocks, and indeed any
partition, occupies a minimum of 7.87MB (63 sectors per track multiplied by 512
bytes per sector and 256 heads) on many large drives (often 504KB on smaller
drives).

Also, any logical drive in an extended partition, and any primary partition,
starts at least one track (31.5KB on a large disc) after the MBR that describes
it.  The slack space after the primary MBR is used by various disk manager
softwares (such as OnTrack), various third-party boot managers, and MBR
viruses.  The slack space after secondary MBRs is generally not used.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 31. PLAYTUNE - Play a tune through the PC speaker ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Synopsis

PLAYTUNE [/?] [/I[+|-]] Notes ...

Options

    /?      Display command syntax information.

    /I      Ignore any syntax errors in the tune string(s). (Default:OFF)

 Description

 The PLAYTUNE command plays the tunes specified by each of its argument strings
 by beeping the PC speaker.  A tune is a sequence of ASCII characters that
 specify the notes to play and their duration.  Each tune specified on the
 command line is played in sequence, with no pauses between successive tunes.

 How notes are encoded

    R       Play a rest.

            A rest may optionally be followed up to two dots to increase its
            length.

    A-G     Play the specified note.

            A note may optionally be followed by '#' (or '+') to indicate a
            sharp or '-' to indicate a flat ("B+" is the same as "C".), and
            then up to two dots to increase its length.

            'A' is the lowest note in each octave.

    On      Switch to octave number n, which must be in the range 0 to 9.

    <       Decrease the octave by one.

    >       Increase the octave by one.

    Tn      Specify the tempo as n breves per minute.

            Example:  4:4 time at 120 beats per minute is 15 breves per minute.

    Ln      Set the length of subsequent notes to n, where 1 = breve, 2 =
            semibreve, 4 = minim, 8 = crotchet, 16 = quaver, 32 = semiquaver,
            64 = demisemiquaver, etc..

    Pn      Pause for length n (the same as for L).

    Nn      Play the note n, where 0 is 'A' in the lowest octave, 12 is the 'A'
            one octave above, 24 is the 'A' one octave above that, and so forth
            up to 119.

    Mx      Set the mode to x, where N is "normal", L is "legato", and S is
            "staccato".

 A single '.' denotes a "dotted" note or rest, 3/2 of its original length.  Two
 dots denote a "double dotted" note or rest, 7/4 of its original length.

 Example 1

    [c:\]playtune "T80 L2C>L4CA<GEL2G.D.C>L4CA<GEL1G."
    [c:\]playtune "T80 L4A<G#>A<EFGL2>AL4<FL2D.L4>AAL2AL4BCDBA<G"
    [c:\]playtune "T80 L4EDL2C>L4CA<GEL2G.D.L2CL4DEFGL2>A"
    [c:\]playtune "T80 L4ABL2C.L4 L2C.L4 CBA<GF#G>L2A.B.L2C"

 Example 2

    [c:\]playtune "t41 mn l16 o2b4 p8 ms bb mn b4 p8 ms bbb8<g#8e8g#8>
    b8<g#8>b8 e8 b8<g#8e8g#8>b8<g#8>b8 e8 mn b4 p8 ms bb mn b4 p8 ms bb
    mn b4 p8 ms bb mn b4 p8 ms bbb8bbb8b8b8bbb8b8b8bbb8b8b8bbb8b8 l2b"


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 32. RESETINI - Reset the system *.INI files ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Synopsis

RESETINI [/?] [/Q[-|+]]

Options

    /?      Display command syntax information.

 Caution

 If applications that are Workplace Shell extensions (i.e. parts of the PMSHELL
 process rather than separate processes of their own) are currently running,
 this command will cause them to be terminated and possibly restarted.  You
 will lose all unsaved data in such applications.

 Description

 The RESETINI command removes the read-only attribute from the user INI and
 system INI files, and then "resets" them, by calling the PrfReset() function
 of Presentation Manager.  This causes the Workplace Shell, and any other
 applications that monitor the state of the user and system INI files, to
 reprocess them.

 RESETINI does not modify the contents of the user INI or system INI files in
 any way.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 33. SAYDATE - Display the date and time ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Synopsis

SAYDATE [/?] [/F[str]] [/U[+|-]] [/TZ[zone]] [Dates ...]

Options

    /?      Display command syntax information.

    /F      Specify a format string to use for displaying the date.

            If this option is not specified, the default string is either "%c"
            (display the date in a format determined by the country settings)
            or, if the /ISO8601 option is given, "%F %T".

    /U      Force SAYDATE to use UTC time rather than local time. (default:OFF)

            If this toggle is ON, all times, both input and output, are assumed
            to be in UTC time.  If this toggle is OFF, input and output are
            assumed to be in local time.  (Input dates can include a specific
            timezone in order to override this.)

    /TZ     Specify a timezone string to use.

            This overrides whatever TZ environment variable SAYDATE may have
            inherited from its parent process.

    /ISO8601 Display date and time in the standard format.

 Description

 The SAYDATE command displays the date and time.  If no arguments are given, it
 displays the current date and time.  Otherwise it parses each individual
 argument in turn (which is a date/time in one of several formats) and displays
 the result.

 Note:  SAYDATE defaults to using local time.  For correct operation, the
        hardware real-time clock must be set to UTC and the TZ environment
        variable must be properly set.

 Unlike the DATE command built in to CMD, the default command interpreter in
 OS/2, SAYDATE is designed to be useful in batch files.  It doesn't prompt the
 user to enter a new date or time, and its output can be customised to suit
 various needs by the optional format string given with the /F option, rather
 than just using a fixed format.  It also allows dates and times other than the
 current ones to be displayed.

 Unlike the OS/2 port of the GNU DATE command (v1.12), SAYDATE supports the ISO
 8601 date and weekday numbering format specifiers %F, %V, %G, %g, %u, and %z
 used by business and industry, and can handle input years greater than 1999.
 ( GNU DATE 1.12 fails on the year 2000.)

 The % character is a metacharacter in the various command-line interpreters.
 This means that in order to pass it to the SAYDATE command it must be doubled
 (i.e. four % characters if a literal % character is required in the display).
 Alternatively, either use the ^ character to "escape" the % character, such as
 in the command

    [c:\]saydate /f"The year is "^%Y.

 or (4OS2 and Take Command only) use the backquote character to prevent
 metacharacter recognition, such as in the command

    [c:\]saydate /f`"%G week %V, %a %T"`

 Examples

    [c:\]saydate /iso8601
    1998-11-05 14:51:23

    [c:\]saydate /f"It is day %%u in week %%V."
    It is day 4 in week 45.

    [c:\]saydate /f"It is %%I:%%M %%p on %%A, the %%dth of %%B %%Y."
    It is 02:51 pm on Thursday, the 05th of November 1998.

    [c:\]saydate /f"Date: %%F %%T %%z."
    Date: 1998-11-05 14:51:29 +0000.

    [c:\]saydate /f"%%F is day %%u in week %%V of %%G" 1999-1-2 1999-1-3 1999-1-4
    1999-01-02 is day 6 in week 53 of 1998
    1999-01-03 is day 7 in week 53 of 1998
    1999-01-04 is day 1 in week 01 of 1999

    [c:\]saydate /iso8601 "2001-02-03 16:50:04" 2001-02-03
    2001-02-03 16:50:04
    2001-02-03 14:51:32

    [c:\]saydate /iso8601 "Feb 03, 2001" "Feb 03, 2001 16:50:04"
    2001-02-03 14:51:34
    2001-02-03 16:50:04

    [c:\]saydate /iso8601 "Wed 16:50:04" "Wed 16:50" Wed
    1998-11-11 16:50:04
    1998-11-11 16:50:00
    1998-11-11 14:51:35

    [c:\]saydate /iso8601 16:50:04 16:50
    1998-11-05 16:50:04
    1998-11-05 16:50:00


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 34. SETDATE - Set the hardware real-time clock ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Synopsis

SETDATE [/?] [/QU[+|-]] [/TZ[zone]] Dates ...

Options

    /?      Display command syntax information.

    /Q      Operate quietly.

    /ISO8601 Display date and time in the standard format.

    /U      Force SAYDATE to use UTC time rather than local time. (default:OFF)

            If this toggle is ON, the input time is assumed to be in UTC time.
            If this toggle is OFF, the input time is assumed to be in local
            time.  (Input times can include a specific timezone in order to
            override this.)

    /TZ     Specify a timezone string to use.

            This overrides whatever TZ environment variable SETDATE may have
            inherited from its parent process.

 Description

 The SETDATE command allows the hardware real-time clock to be set from a date
 and time passed as an argument (which can be in one of several formats).

 Batch files that use the DATE and TIME commands built into CMD and 4OS2 are
 subject to race conditions at midnight, since the two commands do not execute
 simultaneously (and, indeed, on a heavily loaded system can execute seconds
 apart).  The SETDATE command can set date and time in one operation.

 For each successive argument, SETDATE adjusts the hardware real-time clock to
 the appropriate UTC time.  If the /Q toggle is not ON, it then displays the
 UTC time that it has set.

 Examples

    [c:\]setdate 1999-10-2

 will set the date to the 2nd of October 1999, but will not alter the time of
 day.

    [c:\]setdate 16:45:00

 will set the time to the UTC equivalent of 16:45:00, local time, but will not
 alter the date.

    [c:\]setdate /u 16:45:00

 will set the time to 16:45:00, UTC, but will not alter the date.

    [c:\]setdate "1999-10-2 16:45:00"

 will set the date and time to the UTC equivalent of 16:45:00 on the 2nd of
 October 1999, local time, in one operation.

    [c:\]setdate "1999-10-2 16:45:00 +0200"

 will set the date and time to 14:45:00 on the 2nd of October 1999, UTC (since
 the local timezone specified is two hours ahead of UTC), in one operation.

    [c:\]setdate "1999-10-2 16:45:00 +0200" "14:47:00"

 will first set the date and time to the same as the previous example, and then
 will set the time to the UTC equivalent of 14:47:00, local time, without
 further altering the date.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 35. SORT - Sort file contents ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Synopsis

SORT [/?] [/A[[-|+]drash]] [/RSEI[-|+]] [/+n] [Filespecs ...]

Options

    /?      Display command syntax information.

    /A      Select files by attribute.

    /E      Do not display non-fatal error messages.

    /S      Recurse into subdirectories.

    /R      Reverse the sort order. (default:OFF)

    /I      Ignore case in comparisons. (default:OFF)

    /+      Specify the starting column number to use when sorting. (default:1)

 Description

 The SORT command displays, in sorted order, the contents of the files denoted
 by the wildcard specifications. If no filenames are specified, SORT will act
 as a filter command, reading and sorting its standard input.

 Unlike the SORT command supplied with OS/2, SORT can sort files named on the
 command line and can sort files of any size, subject to available virtual
 memory.  SORT also supports extended wildcards and selection of files by
 attribute, and is a 32-bit program.  (The OS/2 SORT program is a 16-bit
 program.)  And since SORT reads all of its input before writing any output,
 its output can be safely redirected to the same place as its input without
 risking an infinite loop.

 Note:  Where the total size of all files to be sorted is large, SORT may take
 some time to sort the contents before displaying anything.  SORT uses a
 combination of the Quicker Sort and Insertion Sort algorithms.

 Examples

 To display the contents of all *.TXT files, concatenated together, in sorted
 order:

    [c:\]sort *.txt

 To display the contents of all *.TXT files, concatenated together, in sorted
 order, ignoring case:

    [c:\]sort /i *.txt

 To display the output of the GREP command in reverse sorted order:

    [c:\]grep /b "tiger" *.txt | sort /r


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 36. STRINGS - Search files for strings ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Synopsis

STRINGS [/?] [/A[[-|+]drash]] [/SEBU[-|+]] [/Mn] [Filespecs ...]

Options

    /?      Display command syntax information.

    /A      Select files by attribute.

    /E      Do not display non-fatal error messages.

    /S      Recurse into subdirectories.

    /U      Do not display summary information.

    /B      Display "bare" lines, without the filename and position within the
            file. (default:OFF)

    /M      Specify the minimum length for a string. (default:4)

 Description

 The STRINGS command searches the files denoted by the wildcard specifications
 for strings of printable characters, terminated either by a non-printable
 character or the end of the file, and displays them.  If no filenames are
 specified, STRINGS will act as a filter command, scanning its standard input.

 Examples

    [C:\CLU]strings strings.exe | grep /b Usage
    Strings.exe(9270):Usage: STRINGS [/?] [/A[[+|-]drash]] [/SEBU[+|-]] [/Mn] [Filespecs ...]


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 37. SUM - Checksum and CRC file contents ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Synopsis

SUM [/?] [/A[[-|+]drash]] [/SEUFB[-|+]] [Filespecs ...]

Options

    /?      Display command syntax information.

    /A      Select files by attribute.

    /E      Do not display non-fatal error messages.

    /S      Recurse into subdirectories.

    /U      Do not display summary information.

    /B      Display in "Bare" format, without header or footer lines.
            (default:OFF)

    /F      Display full filenames, rather than simply basenames. (default:ON)

 Description

 The SUM command calculates various CRCs and checksums for the files denoted by
 the wildcard specifications. If no filenames are specified, SUM will act as a
 filter command, reading its standard input.

 Unlike the ESUM command supplied with OS/2, SUM supports extended wildcards,
 selection of files by attribute, and several checksums and CRCs superior to
 the BSD UNIX one.  It is also a 32-bit program.  (The OS/2 ESUM program is a
 16-bit program.)

 The CRCs and checksums are as follows:

 CRC       CRC-16, as used by most archive utilities.

 CRC-32    CRC-32, as used by ZIP archives and BSD UNIX, polynomial x^32 + x^26
           + x^23 + x^22 + x^16 + x^12 + x^11 + x^10 + x^8 + x^7 + x^5 + x^4 +
           x^2 + x + 1.

 Sum1      The 16-bit checksum provided by the "sum" command in BSD UNIX (right
           rotation before each addition, discard overflow), and by the ESUM
           command supplied in OS/2 Warp.

 Sum2      The 16-bit checksum provided by the "sum" command in System V UNIX
           (32-bit total divided by 0xFFFF).

 MD5       MD5 Message Digest from RSA Data Security.

 Note:  The UNIX "sum" commands, and the ESUM utility supplied with OS/2,
 display their checksums in decimal.  The SUM command displays them in
 hexadecimal, since that is how they are displayed by many popular PC
 utilities, including the ARC, ARJ, and ZIP archive tools.  SUM also makes no
 attempt to display the number of disk blocks (which is a fiction in most
 non-UNIX implementations of the UNIX "sum" command anyway).  To obtain
 allocation information about files, use the XDIR command.

 Examples

    [C:\CLU]sum ???.exe
    CRC  CRC32    Sum1 Sum2 MD5                              (name)
    ---- -------- ---- ---- --------------------------------
    3287 18c9796c 3c59 ea35 0585423faa7511c77b37546b85781314 Mem.exe
    f404 d428edfb 8695 a2b4 da3e1013b13521a5d4c15a9074c0e126 Sum.exe
    00d4 4c18f9c1 b3b2 b499 aa12029b6072ac0218528f89381affb5 Tee.exe
    ---- -------- ---- ---- --------------------------------
             3 files found, 6 files scanned.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 38. TASKLIST - Display the contents of the PM Window List ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Synopsis

TASKLIST [/?] [/B[-|+]]

Options

    /?      Display command syntax information.

    /B      Display in "Bare" format, without header or footer lines.
            (default:OFF)

 Note

 Although it is a text-mode program, TASKLIST will not work when booted to a
 command line via the OS/2 "Multiboot" menu, or when booted from the OS/2
 installation/repair floppies, because it requires the Presentation Manager
 DLLs.

 Description

 The TASKLIST command displays the contents of the "Window List" maintained by
 Presentation Manager.  For each task in the list, it displays the information
 contained in the list entry, including the window handle, the process and
 session IDs, the program type, and the title.

 Note:  The "Window List" maintained by PM is a collaborative effort of all of
 the applications that want to be listed in it.  It is not a list of all of the
 processes running on the system.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 39. TEE - T-shaped pipe fitting ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Synopsis

TEE [/?] [/A] [Filenames ...]

Options

    /?      Display command syntax information.

    /A      Append the data to the files, instead of ovewriting them.
            (default:OFF)

 Description

 The TEE command is a "T shaped fitting" for use in command pipelines.

 It copies whatever it receives from its standard intput to its standard
 output, also sending a copy to each of the files named as its arguments.

 The /A option is useful for appending the output of a command to a logfile,
 for example.

 Examples

 To display the output of the SAYDATE command, sending a copy to the file
 DATE.OUT, which will be truncated to zero and overwritten with the new data:

    [c:\]saydate | tee date.out

 To display the output of the SAYDATE command, sending a copy to the file
 DATE.OUT, appending it to the original contents of the file:

    [c:\]saydate | tee /a date.out


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 40. TEXTCONV - Convert text file formats ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Synopsis

TEXTCONV [/?] [/A[[-|+]drash]] [/SE[-|+]] [/ICP|OCP[cp]] [/INL|ONL[nl]]
[Filespecs ...]

Options

    /?      Display command syntax information.

    /A      Select files by attribute.

    /E      Do not display non-fatal error messages.

    /S      Recurse into subdirectories.

    /ICP    Specify input code page.  (default:850)

    /OCP    Specify output code page.  (default:850)

    /INL    Specify input newline convention.  (default:CRLF)

            The options are CRLF, CR, or LF .

    /ONL    Specify output newline convention.  (default:CRLF)

            The options are CRLF, CR, or LF .

 Description

 The TEXTCONV command reads the files specified by the wildcard specifications
 and writes their converted contents to its standard output.  If no filenames
 are specified, TEXTCONV will act as a filter command, reading and converting
 its standard input.

 Conversion proceeds by reading the input, a line at a time, using the newline
 convention specified by the /INL option, converting it, and writing it to the
 standard output using the newline convention specified by the /ONL option.

 The conversion between the input code page and the output code page uses
 Unicode as an intermediate form.  Input characters are converted from the
 input code page to Unicode, and then from Unicode to the output code page.

 TEXTCONV is designed to make it easy to interchange text files between PCs
 (which usually use code pages 437 and 850) and other systems.

 For example, a PC user using code page 437 can read a text file generated on a
 Macintosh (CR newline convention) in ISO 8859 Latin-1 (code page 1004) using
 the command:

    [c:\]textconv /icp:1004 /inl:cr /ocp:437 macfile.txt | more

 For another example, a PC user can make a text file, created locally in code
 page 437, suitable for transfer to a UNIX system that uses ISO 8859 Latin-1
 with the command:

    [c:\]textconv /icp:437 /ocp:1004 /onl:lf file.txt > outfile.txt

 For a third example, a PC user can convert a text file from code page 437 to
 code page 850 with the command:

    [c:\]textconv /icp:437 /ocp:850 file437.txt > file850.txt


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 41. TOUCH - Update last modification times ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Synopsis

TOUCH [/?] [/A[[-|+]drash]] [/SEPZQNU[-|+]] [/M[acw]] [/Ttime] [/Ddate]
Filespecs ...

Options

    /?      Display command syntax information.

    /A      Select files by attribute.

    /E      Do not display non-fatal error messages.

    /N      Simulate execution.

    /Q      Operate quietly.

    /S      Recurse into subdirectories.

    /U      Do not display summary information.

    /Z      Override the read-only attribute on files.

    /D      Use the given date instead of today's date.

    /T      Use the given time instead of the current time.

    /M      Specify which date and time stamp will be modified:

            A              Date and time that the file was last accessed

            C              Date and time that the file was created

            W              Date and time that the file was last modified
                           (default)

    /ISO8601 Display date and time in the standard format.

 Note

 The FAT and HPFS filesystems, and OS/2 itself, only support file dates between
 1980 and 2107, and have a granularity of two seconds for file times.

 OS/2 allows files to have nonsense dates like the 30th of February.  The TOUCH
 command passes the date given to the /D option directly to the operating
 system without attempting to validate or renormalise it.  The target date
 displayed by the TOUCH command is the date that it is passing to the operating
 system. The actual date set on the file varies from filesystem driver to
 filesystem driver.  The FAT filesystem driver will substitute the year 2099
 for the years 2100 to 2107 but will otherwise use the date as given. The HPFS
 filesystem driver will renormalise invalid dates to the nearest valid date,
 but doesn't know that the year 2100 is not a leap year. The behaviour of the
 filesystem driver is not within the control of the TOUCH command.

 Description

 The TOUCH command updates the date and time stamps of the files specified by
 the wildcard specifications to the current date and time, or to the specified
 date and time if the /D and /T options are used.  The modifiers 'A', 'C', and
 'W' for the /M option control which date and time stamp is affected.

 The formats of the date and time strings accepted vary according to the
 current country code configured into the operating system.  See
 country-dependent date and time formats.

 Note:  The OS/2 kernel sets file timestamps in UTC, rather than in local time.
        It assumes that the hardware real-time clock has been set to UTC.

 Examples

    [c:\]touch /S *.txt

 sets the last modification date and time stamps of all TXT files in the
 current directory and all subdirectories to the current date and time.

    [c:\]touch /D1-1-1980 *.txt

 sets the last modification date and time stamps of all TXT files in the
 current directory to the date 1980-01-01 and the current time.

    [c:\]touch /D1-1-1980 /T1:14:32 *.txt

 sets the last modification date and time stamps of all TXT files in the
 current directory to the date 1980-01-01 and the time 01:14:32.

    [c:\]touch /MA *.txt

 sets the last access date and time stamp of all TXT files in the current
 directory to the current date and time.

    [c:\]touch /MC /D1-1-1980 /T0:0:0 *.txt

 sets the creation date and time stamp of all TXT files in the current
 directory to the date 1980-01-01 and the time 0:0:0.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 42. TREE - Display a filesystem tree ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Synopsis

TREE [/?] [/A[[-|+]drash]] [/FGB[-|+]] [Filespecs ...]

Options

    /?      Display command syntax information.

    /A      Select files by attribute.

    /F      Display files as well. (default:OFF)

    /G      Use graphic characters. (default:ON)

    /B      Display "brief" output, which doesn't include size and allocation
            information.  (default:OFF)

 Note

 The sizes of directories, i.e. the number of bytes on disc that are consumed
 by the directories themselves, are not reported by OS/2 to applications.  OS/2
 always returns 0 for the length and allocation size of a directory.  (This is
 the reason that the DIR command built into the command interpreter displays
 "<DIR>" in the length field for directories.) TREE displays whatever size OS/2
 reports, for both files and directories. If this behaviour of OS/2 is ever
 fixed, TREE will thus automatically display the correct size information for
 directories.

 Description

 The TREE command displays the filesystem tree that is rooted at the directory
 given in the wildcard specifications, or the current directory if none are
 supplied.  It uses indentation and graphics characters to display the tree
 structure.

 If the /F option is used, the TREE command will also display all files,
 subject to any attribute masks specified with the /A option, that match the
 basename portion of the wildcard specifications. Otherwise, the basename
 portion is ignored.

 Examples

    [C:\CLU]tree /b c:\mptn\
    c:\MPTN\
    Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇBIN
    Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇDLL
    Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇMSG
    Γöé  ΓööΓöÇΓöÇNLS
    ΓööΓöÇΓöÇPROTOCOL

    [C:\CLU]tree /f c:\mptn\*.dll
                        c:\MPTN\
           0          0 Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇBIN
           0          0 Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇDLL
       49075      49152 Γöé     dapwsock.dll
      190099     190464 Γöé     ddnsres.dll
       49064      49152 Γöé     pmwsock.dll
       37842      37888 Γöé     so32dll.dll
       62289      62464 Γöé     tcp32dll.dll
       47279      47616 Γöé     tcpipdll.dll
       34304      34304 Γöé     tcpmri.dll
       32288      32768 Γöé     tcptime.dll
       66048      66048 Γöé     tnls32.dll
           0          0 Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇMSG
           0          0 Γöé  ΓööΓöÇΓöÇNLS
        6144       6144 Γöé        ddnscfg.dll
       10752      10752 Γöé        dhcpmres.dll
           0          0 ΓööΓöÇΓöÇPROTOCOL


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 43. WC - Count words, lines, letters, and characters in files ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Synopsis

WC [/?] [/A[[-|+]drash]] [/O[lwacb]] [/SECHU[-|+]] [Filespecs ...]

Options

    /?      Display command syntax information.

    /A      Select files by attribute.

    /E      Do not display non-fatal error messages.

    /S      Recurse into subdirectories.

    /B      Display in "Bare" format, without header or footer lines.
            (default:OFF)

    /C      Prevent control characters from being counted as characters.
            (default:OFF)

    /H      Prevent hyphens from splitting words into two. (default:OFF)

    /U      Prevent punctuation characters from splitting words. (default:OFF)

    /O      Specify a string that determines what information should be output,
            comprising zero or more of the following characters:

            L              Print the number of lines.

            W              Print the number of words.

            A              Print the number of letters. (Mnemonic: "A =
                           alphabet")

            C              Print the number of characters.

            B              Print the number of bytes.

 Description

 The WC command opens and reads all of the files denoted by the wildcard
 specifications, counting the number of lines, words, letters, characters, and
 bytes that they contain.  If no filenames are specified, WC will act as a
 filter command, counting the number of lines, words, letters, characters, and
 bytes on its standard input.

 In the absence of options to the contrary, WC will will normally split words
 at any character that is not a letter character.

 The /C option is useful for counting characters in files that are not plain
 text files, such as document files used by some wordprocessors. Such files use
 control characters for embedded formatting information, such as fount changes.
 Whitespace characters do not count towards the total number of characters
 irrespective of the state of the /C toggle.

 Examples

    [C:\CLU]wc *.txt
       lines    words  letters    chars    bytes (name)
    -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
         403     3518    13699    20174    20980 blurb.txt
         151     1157     4123     5972     6274 readme.txt
    -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
         554     4675    17822    26146    27254 (Total)


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 44. WHAT - Search files for ID strings ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Synopsis

WHAT [/?] [/A[[-|+]drash]] [/SEU[-|+]] [Filespecs ...]

Options

    /?      Display command syntax information.

    /A      Select files by attribute.

    /E      Do not display non-fatal error messages.

    /S      Recurse into subdirectories.

    /U      Do not display summary information.

 Description

 The WHAT command searches the files denoted by the wildcard specifications for
 the identifying strings used in SCCS ("@(#)" and "@[#]"), and displays them.
 If no filenames are specified, WHAT will act as a filter command, scanning its
 standard input.

 Note:  The WHAT command deals solely with ID strings, and no longer calculates
 the CRC-16 for each file as well.  A wider range of CRC and checksum data than
 that provided by earlier releases of the WHAT command is now available with
 the SUM command.  To display the module name information from an executable
 file, use the DUMP command.

 Examples

    [C:\CLU]what what.exe
    What.exe WHAT Aug 24 1999 11:52:00 version 1.20
             1 files found, 1 files scanned.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 45. WHICH - Locate a command on the PATH ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Synopsis

WHICH [/?] [/P[variable]] [/X[variable]] [/B[-|+]] Filespecs ...

Options

    /?      Display command syntax information.

    /B      Display "bare" filenames, without attribute, size, or date
            information. (default:OFF)

    /P      Specify an alternate environment variable to use instead of PATH.

    /X      Specify an alternate environment variable to use instead of
            PATHEXT.

    /ISO8601 Display date and time in the standard format.

 Note:  Although OS/2 itself places no restriction on the case of environment
 variable names, all command interpreters, by convention, only use upper case
 names for environment variables.

 Description

 WHICH determines what command would be executed were it to be typed at the
 command line.  It searches the directories listed in the path environment
 variable for the command, using the extensions specified by the extensions
 environment variable.  If the current directory is not explicitly mentioned in
 the path environment variable, WHICH will also search the current directory
 first.

 If the /X option is not used and the "PATHEXT" environment variable does not
 exist, WHICH will by default use the extensions COM, EXE, BTM, BAT, and CMD.

 WHICH is aware of internal commands that are built in to the various command
 processors and "executable extensions", and will will indicate any that it
 finds.

 WHICH supports standard wildcards in the file specifications, allowing for
 searches for partial commands, such as

    [c:\]which *boot*

 which will locate all of the commands that contain "BOOT" in their names (e.g.
 SETBOOT, BOOT, and BOOTDISK).

 Note:  If a file specification contains a wildcard ending with an asterisk,
 WHICH will display the names of the commands found twice, the first time as a
 result of matching the wildcard as it stands, and the second as a result of
 matching the wildcard with one of the extensions tacked onto the end.

 The /P and /X options can be useful for locating files other than executables.
 For example, Presentation Manager locates help files using the HELP
 environment variables, and the HLP extension:

    [c:\]set HELPEXT=.hlp & which /PHELP /XHELPEXT wphelp

 For another example, the VIEW command locates on-line books using the
 BOOKSHELF environment variable and the INF extension:

    [c:\]set BOOKEXT=.INF & which /PBOOKSHELF /XBOOKEXT cmdref

 Examples

    [C:\]which /iso8601 find
    1999-08-24 11:27:18        814        138 _____A C:\CLU\find.cmd
    1996-08-09 00:24:16      30859          0 _____A C:\OS2\FIND.EXE

    [C:\]which /iso8601 help
    HELP is built-in to 4OS2 and Take Command.
    1999-08-24 11:27:18       1935        140 _____A C:\CLU\help.cmd
    1994-10-31 19:29:08        586          0 _____A C:\OS2\HELP.CMD
    1994-10-31 19:29:08        591          0 _____A C:\OS2\MDOS\HELP.BAT

    [C:\]which /iso8601 dir set
    DIR is built-in to the 16-bit CMD, and 4OS2 and Take Command.
    SET is built-in to the 16-bit CMD, the 32-bit CMD, and 4OS2 and Take Command.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 46. WINSIGHT - Display PM window relationships ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Synopsis

WINSIGHT [/?] [/CONFIRMCLOSE] [/Iinstancename]

Options

    /?      Display command syntax information.

    /I      Specify the "instance" name used for saving and restoring the
            window position to and from the OS/2 User Profile file.

    /CONFIRMCLOSERequire confirmation before closing the program.
            (default:OFF)

 Description

 The WINSIGHT command displays the hierarchy of Presentation Manager windows.
 The hierarchy is displayed as a tree, with each window descending from its
 parent window.

 For each window, WINSIGHT displays the window handle, the handle of the
 window's owner window, the process and thread ID to which it belongs, the
 window's style flags and ID, the window's class, and the window's text. The
 standard class names (e.g.  WC_FRAME) are translated from their internal
 numeric form into their symbolic names.

 The display of WINSIGHT is static, and is only updated when it is first
 started, or when "Refresh" is selected from the menu.

 Note:  WINSIGHT writes its current window position, whenever it exits, to the
        "OS2CLU PM Window Tree:Position" section of the OS/2 User Profile file
        (usually C:\OS2\OS2.INI), which it then reads and uses when it next
        starts up.  The name of the key used is determined by the /I option.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 47. XDEL - Extended DEL ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Synopsis

XDEL [/?] [/A[[-|+]drash]] [/SEPZQNUXWF[-|+]] Filespecs ...

Options

    /?      Display command syntax information.

    /A      Select files by attribute.

    /E      Do not display non-fatal error messages.

    /N      Simulate execution.

    /Q      Operate quietly.

    /S      Recurse into subdirectories.

    /U      Do not display summary information.

    /Z      Override the read-only attribute on files.

    /X      Remove empty subdirectories when /S option is used. (default:OFF)

    /F      Prevent undelete information from being saved. (default:OFF)

    /W      Zero the contents of each file before deleting it. (default:OFF) (
            Note on wiping files)

            Use this option with caution.  The contents of all files deleted in
            this manner are unrecoverable.  Even if undeleted with the UNDELETE
            command, the original contents of the files will have been lost.

    /ISO8601 Display date and time in the standard format.

 Description

 The XDEL command is an extended DEL command that deletes the the files
 specified by the wildcard specifications.

 Unlike the DEL command built in to CMD, the default command interpreter in
 OS/2, XDEL supports extended wildcards, deleting files in subdirectories,
 removing empty subdirectories, selection of files by attribute, and overriding
 the read-only attribute.

 Examples

    [c:\]xdel /se \*.{bak,bkp}

 deletes all *.BAK and *.BKP files (usually backup copies of files modified by
 a text editor) in all subdirectories starting from the root directory.

    [c:\]xdel /w *.txt

 deletes all *.TXT files from the current directory, overwriting them entirely
 with zeroes first.

    [c:\]xdel /s/x/z c:\subdir1\

 deletes the entire tree rooted at the directory C:\SUBDIR1\, including
 read-only files and removing all empty subdirectories as well. Notice the
 trailing slash.  This is equivalent to the DELTREE command in DR-DOS or
 MS-DOS.

    [c:\]xdel /s/x/z c:\subdir1

 recursively scans the entire directory tree on drive C:, deleting all files
 named SUBDIR1, and removing all empty subdirectories. Directories in the
 Workplace Shell Desktop are usually empty, and will be deleted by this command
 if your WPS desktop happens to be on drive C:.  This will cause your system to
 become unbootable..


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 47.1. Wiping files ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Some governments require that high security files be wiped by writing patterns
of ones and zeros over the file data several times.  The purpose of this is to
ensure that the magnetic domains on the magnetic medium storing the file are
thoroughly altered.  ( Depending upon how well the read/write head is aligned,
simply overwriting data once may not realign all of the magnetic domains; and
the old data may be readable by accessing the disc platter using specialised
hardware to read the off-centre magnetic flux patterns.  Writing 1s and 0s
multiple times ensures that the magnetic domains on the fringes of the track
are also brought into line.  )

The /W option to the XDEL command does not provide this facility.  This is
because with an operating system like OS/2, which has disc caching, simply
writing a file multiple times in an application (such as the XDEL command) does
not guarantee that the actual sectors on the disc will be written multiple
times.  All write requests but the final one may well be satisfied entirely by
the disc cache, and actual writes to disk need not necessarily occur.  In order
to ensure that the writes physically happen, one has to instruct the operating
system not to use its cache.

Unfortunately, this still doesn't help with the case where the file is on a
network server, since the server may implement caching that is invisible to
applications running on the client machine, or may use a LAN protocol where
caching may not be disabled.

The /W option to the XDEL command is intended to provide the level of security
necessary to guard against attacks from ordinary users, rather than from
foreign powers.  Ordinary users usually do not have the ability, or the
specialised equipment, to open up a hard disc and read "off-centre" data off
the platter.  The level of file recovery available to ordinary users is
therefore nothing more sophisticated than software undeletion, using the
standard disc read-write hardware. Overwriting the file with zeroes, as XDEL /W
does, is sufficient to protect against data being recovered in this way.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 48. XDIR - Extended DIR ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Synopsis

XDIR [/?] [/A[[-|+]drash]] [/T[acw]] [/SEUBF[-|+]] [/O[[-|+]NEDSG]] [Filespecs
...]

Options

    /?      Display command syntax information.

    /A      Select files by attribute.

    /E      Do not display non-fatal error messages.

    /S      Recurse into subdirectories.

    /U      Do not display summary information.

    /B      Display "bare" filenames, without attribute, size, or date
            information. (default:OFF)

    /F      Display full filenames, rather than simply basenames. (default:ON)

    /T      Specify which of the last access (/TA), last write (/TW, the
            default), or creation times (/TC) to display.

    /O      Specify a sort string that determines how the output should be
            sorted, comprising zero or more of the following characters
            (optionally preceded by '-' to reverse the sense):

            A              Sort by name, treating digits as numbers.

            D              Sort by date stamp (according to the /T option).

            E              Sort by extension (the part of the name following
                           the final full stop).

            G              Sort by attribute (directories, then hidden and
                           system files, then all other files).

            N              Sort by name.

            S              Sort by size.

    /ISO8601 Display date and time in the standard format.

 Note

 The sizes of directories, i.e. the number of bytes on disc that are consumed
 by the directories themselves, are not reported by OS/2 to applications.  OS/2
 always returns 0 for the length and allocation size of a directory.  (This is
 the reason that the DIR command built into the command interpreter displays
 "<DIR>" in the length field for directories.) XDIR displays whatever size OS/2
 reports, for both files and directories. If this behaviour of OS/2 is ever
 fixed, XDIR will thus automatically display the correct size information for
 directories.

 Description

 The XDIR command is an extended DIR command that displays information about
 the files specified by the wildcard specifications.

 Unlike the DIR command built in to CMD, the default command interpreter in
 OS/2, XDIR supports extended wildcards, displaying the creation and last
 access timestamps, and sorting files from multiple subdirectories.

 The /O option causes files to be sorted in memory, and displayed in sorted
 order once all files have been found.  There may thus be a delay between the
 command being invoked and it producing any output.  If the internal sort
 buffer overflows (if the system is low on available virtual memory), files are
 displayed in unsorted order.

 If no sort options are specified, the sort order is the order that files were
 found.  ( There is no 'U' for "Unsorted" option.  It makes no sense to have a
 sort option letter that specifies that there are no sort option letters!  For
 unsorted output, simply don't use the /O option at all. )

 The 'A' sort option performs an "alphanumeric" sort by filename, whereas the
 'N' sort option is a plain lexical sort.  When 'A' is used, sequences of
 digits in the name are treated as numbers.  So "FILE3.TXT" will precede
 "FILE0012.TXT" because 3 is less than 12, even though "3" is lexically greater
 than "0012".

 Examples

    [c:\]xdir /tc *.{su,mo,tu,we,th,fr,sa}[0-9]

 will list all of the Fidonet ARCmail files in the current directory, along
 with their creation dates.

    [c:\]xdir /oa/s/e *.txt

 will list all of the TXT files in all subdirectories, sorting them all into
 alphanumeric order.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 49. Y - Y-shaped pipe fitting ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Synopsis

Y [/?] [/A[[-|+]drash]] [/SE[-|+]] [Filespecs ...]

Options

    /?      Display command syntax information.

    /A      Select files by attribute.

    /E      Do not display non-fatal error messages.

    /S      Recurse into subdirectories.

 Description

 The Y command is a "Y shaped fitting" for use in command pipelines.  It can
 also be used as a more powerful replacement for the TYPE command that is built
 in to CMD and 4OS2.

 It first copies whatever it receives from its standard intput to its standard
 output, and then it copies to its standard output the contents of the files
 specified by the wildcard specifications.

 Unlike the TYPE command built in to CMD and 4OS2, and unlike the Y command
 built into 4OS2, Y supports extended wildcards, recursion into subdirectories,
 and the ability to include and exclude files from processing by their
 attributes.

 To use Y as a replacement for TYPE, simply redirect NUL to its standard input.

 Examples

    [c:\]saydate | y /s *.{cmd,btm}

 will display the output of the SAYDATE command, and then the contents of all
 CMD and all BTM files in the current directory and all subdirectories beneath
 it.

    [c:\]y *.txt < nul

 will display the contents of all of the TXT files the current directory.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 50. Acknowledgements ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The following people helped with the pre-release testing of these utilities:

     Andy Roberts, FIDONET#1:109/921.1
     Jack Stein, FIDONET#1:129/171.0
     Jack Pfisterer, FIDONET#1:102/837.0
     George Fliger, FIDONET#1:137/2.0
     Tony Pater, FIDONET#3:712/848.0
     Francois Thunus, FIDONET#2:270/25.2
     Roy J. Tellason, FIDONET#1:270/615.0
     Sarah Nunez, FIDONET#1:130/604.0
     Jeffrey J. Counsil, FIDONET#1:268/402.0
     Lee Aroner, FIDONET#1:343/40.0
     Gord Hannah, FIDONET#1:109/921.23
     Will Honea
     Coridon Henshaw
     Don Woodall
     Eddy Thilleman
     Francois Massonneau
     Richard Gelderblom
     Joe Hunter
     Kaya Imre
     Leonard Erickson
     Richard Gelderblom
     Russell Tiedt


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden>  ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

For more information about the CPUID instruction, see:

     Cyrix M2 CPU Software Identification, Cyrix corporation

     AMD Processor Recognition, Document Number 20734J, Advanced Micro Devices

     Intel Architecture Software Developers' Manual Volume 2: Instruction Set
      Reference, Order Number 243191, Intel corporation


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden>  ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Master Boot Record


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden>  ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

[c:\].\date --version
date - GNU sh-utils 1.12

[c:\].\date --date=1999-12-31
Fri Dec 31 00:00:00 GMT 1999

[c:\].\date --date=2000-01-01
Thu Jan  1 00:00:00 GMT 1970

[c:\]


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden>  ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

In Presentation Manager terminology, a window's parent is the window that
encloses it, and has nothing to do with which process actually created the
window.