home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- #ifndef Py_OBJECT_H
- #define Py_OBJECT_H
- #ifdef __cplusplus
- extern "C" {
- #endif
-
-
- /* Object and type object interface */
-
- /*
- Objects are structures allocated on the heap. Special rules apply to
- the use of objects to ensure they are properly garbage-collected.
- Objects are never allocated statically or on the stack; they must be
- accessed through special macros and functions only. (Type objects are
- exceptions to the first rule; the standard types are represented by
- statically initialized type objects, although work on type/class unification
- for Python 2.2 made it possible to have heap-allocated type objects too).
-
- An object has a 'reference count' that is increased or decreased when a
- pointer to the object is copied or deleted; when the reference count
- reaches zero there are no references to the object left and it can be
- removed from the heap.
-
- An object has a 'type' that determines what it represents and what kind
- of data it contains. An object's type is fixed when it is created.
- Types themselves are represented as objects; an object contains a
- pointer to the corresponding type object. The type itself has a type
- pointer pointing to the object representing the type 'type', which
- contains a pointer to itself!).
-
- Objects do not float around in memory; once allocated an object keeps
- the same size and address. Objects that must hold variable-size data
- can contain pointers to variable-size parts of the object. Not all
- objects of the same type have the same size; but the size cannot change
- after allocation. (These restrictions are made so a reference to an
- object can be simply a pointer -- moving an object would require
- updating all the pointers, and changing an object's size would require
- moving it if there was another object right next to it.)
-
- Objects are always accessed through pointers of the type 'PyObject *'.
- The type 'PyObject' is a structure that only contains the reference count
- and the type pointer. The actual memory allocated for an object
- contains other data that can only be accessed after casting the pointer
- to a pointer to a longer structure type. This longer type must start
- with the reference count and type fields; the macro PyObject_HEAD should be
- used for this (to accommodate for future changes). The implementation
- of a particular object type can cast the object pointer to the proper
- type and back.
-
- A standard interface exists for objects that contain an array of items
- whose size is determined when the object is allocated.
- */
-
- /* Py_DEBUG implies Py_TRACE_REFS. */
- #if defined(Py_DEBUG) && !defined(Py_TRACE_REFS)
- #define Py_TRACE_REFS
- #endif
-
- /* Py_TRACE_REFS implies Py_REF_DEBUG. */
- #if defined(Py_TRACE_REFS) && !defined(Py_REF_DEBUG)
- #define Py_REF_DEBUG
- #endif
-
- #ifdef Py_TRACE_REFS
- /* Define pointers to support a doubly-linked list of all live heap objects. */
- #define _PyObject_HEAD_EXTRA \
- struct _object *_ob_next; \
- struct _object *_ob_prev;
-
- #define _PyObject_EXTRA_INIT 0, 0,
-
- #else
- #define _PyObject_HEAD_EXTRA
- #define _PyObject_EXTRA_INIT
- #endif
-
- /* PyObject_HEAD defines the initial segment of every PyObject. */
- #define PyObject_HEAD \
- _PyObject_HEAD_EXTRA \
- int ob_refcnt; \
- struct _typeobject *ob_type;
-
- #define PyObject_HEAD_INIT(type) \
- _PyObject_EXTRA_INIT \
- 1, type,
-
- /* PyObject_VAR_HEAD defines the initial segment of all variable-size
- * container objects. These end with a declaration of an array with 1
- * element, but enough space is malloc'ed so that the array actually
- * has room for ob_size elements. Note that ob_size is an element count,
- * not necessarily a byte count.
- */
- #define PyObject_VAR_HEAD \
- PyObject_HEAD \
- int ob_size; /* Number of items in variable part */
-
- /* Nothing is actually declared to be a PyObject, but every pointer to
- * a Python object can be cast to a PyObject*. This is inheritance built
- * by hand. Similarly every pointer to a variable-size Python object can,
- * in addition, be cast to PyVarObject*.
- */
- typedef struct _object {
- PyObject_HEAD
- } PyObject;
-
- typedef struct {
- PyObject_VAR_HEAD
- } PyVarObject;
-
-
- /*
- Type objects contain a string containing the type name (to help somewhat
- in debugging), the allocation parameters (see PyObject_New() and
- PyObject_NewVar()),
- and methods for accessing objects of the type. Methods are optional, a
- nil pointer meaning that particular kind of access is not available for
- this type. The Py_DECREF() macro uses the tp_dealloc method without
- checking for a nil pointer; it should always be implemented except if
- the implementation can guarantee that the reference count will never
- reach zero (e.g., for statically allocated type objects).
-
- NB: the methods for certain type groups are now contained in separate
- method blocks.
- */
-
- typedef PyObject * (*unaryfunc)(PyObject *);
- typedef PyObject * (*binaryfunc)(PyObject *, PyObject *);
- typedef PyObject * (*ternaryfunc)(PyObject *, PyObject *, PyObject *);
- typedef int (*inquiry)(PyObject *);
- typedef int (*coercion)(PyObject **, PyObject **);
- typedef PyObject *(*intargfunc)(PyObject *, int);
- typedef PyObject *(*intintargfunc)(PyObject *, int, int);
- typedef int(*intobjargproc)(PyObject *, int, PyObject *);
- typedef int(*intintobjargproc)(PyObject *, int, int, PyObject *);
- typedef int(*objobjargproc)(PyObject *, PyObject *, PyObject *);
- typedef int (*getreadbufferproc)(PyObject *, int, void **);
- typedef int (*getwritebufferproc)(PyObject *, int, void **);
- typedef int (*getsegcountproc)(PyObject *, int *);
- typedef int (*getcharbufferproc)(PyObject *, int, const char **);
- typedef int (*objobjproc)(PyObject *, PyObject *);
- typedef int (*visitproc)(PyObject *, void *);
- typedef int (*traverseproc)(PyObject *, visitproc, void *);
-
- typedef struct {
- /* For numbers without flag bit Py_TPFLAGS_CHECKTYPES set, all
- arguments are guaranteed to be of the object's type (modulo
- coercion hacks -- i.e. if the type's coercion function
- returns other types, then these are allowed as well). Numbers that
- have the Py_TPFLAGS_CHECKTYPES flag bit set should check *both*
- arguments for proper type and implement the necessary conversions
- in the slot functions themselves. */
-
- binaryfunc nb_add;
- binaryfunc nb_subtract;
- binaryfunc nb_multiply;
- binaryfunc nb_divide;
- binaryfunc nb_remainder;
- binaryfunc nb_divmod;
- ternaryfunc nb_power;
- unaryfunc nb_negative;
- unaryfunc nb_positive;
- unaryfunc nb_absolute;
- inquiry nb_nonzero;
- unaryfunc nb_invert;
- binaryfunc nb_lshift;
- binaryfunc nb_rshift;
- binaryfunc nb_and;
- binaryfunc nb_xor;
- binaryfunc nb_or;
- coercion nb_coerce;
- unaryfunc nb_int;
- unaryfunc nb_long;
- unaryfunc nb_float;
- unaryfunc nb_oct;
- unaryfunc nb_hex;
- /* Added in release 2.0 */
- binaryfunc nb_inplace_add;
- binaryfunc nb_inplace_subtract;
- binaryfunc nb_inplace_multiply;
- binaryfunc nb_inplace_divide;
- binaryfunc nb_inplace_remainder;
- ternaryfunc nb_inplace_power;
- binaryfunc nb_inplace_lshift;
- binaryfunc nb_inplace_rshift;
- binaryfunc nb_inplace_and;
- binaryfunc nb_inplace_xor;
- binaryfunc nb_inplace_or;
-
- /* Added in release 2.2 */
- /* The following require the Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_CLASS flag */
- binaryfunc nb_floor_divide;
- binaryfunc nb_true_divide;
- binaryfunc nb_inplace_floor_divide;
- binaryfunc nb_inplace_true_divide;
- } PyNumberMethods;
-
- typedef struct {
- inquiry sq_length;
- binaryfunc sq_concat;
- intargfunc sq_repeat;
- intargfunc sq_item;
- intintargfunc sq_slice;
- intobjargproc sq_ass_item;
- intintobjargproc sq_ass_slice;
- objobjproc sq_contains;
- /* Added in release 2.0 */
- binaryfunc sq_inplace_concat;
- intargfunc sq_inplace_repeat;
- } PySequenceMethods;
-
- typedef struct {
- inquiry mp_length;
- binaryfunc mp_subscript;
- objobjargproc mp_ass_subscript;
- } PyMappingMethods;
-
- typedef struct {
- getreadbufferproc bf_getreadbuffer;
- getwritebufferproc bf_getwritebuffer;
- getsegcountproc bf_getsegcount;
- getcharbufferproc bf_getcharbuffer;
- } PyBufferProcs;
-
-
- typedef void (*freefunc)(void *);
- typedef void (*destructor)(PyObject *);
- typedef int (*printfunc)(PyObject *, FILE *, int);
- typedef PyObject *(*getattrfunc)(PyObject *, char *);
- typedef PyObject *(*getattrofunc)(PyObject *, PyObject *);
- typedef int (*setattrfunc)(PyObject *, char *, PyObject *);
- typedef int (*setattrofunc)(PyObject *, PyObject *, PyObject *);
- typedef int (*cmpfunc)(PyObject *, PyObject *);
- typedef PyObject *(*reprfunc)(PyObject *);
- typedef long (*hashfunc)(PyObject *);
- typedef PyObject *(*richcmpfunc) (PyObject *, PyObject *, int);
- typedef PyObject *(*getiterfunc) (PyObject *);
- typedef PyObject *(*iternextfunc) (PyObject *);
- typedef PyObject *(*descrgetfunc) (PyObject *, PyObject *, PyObject *);
- typedef int (*descrsetfunc) (PyObject *, PyObject *, PyObject *);
- typedef int (*initproc)(PyObject *, PyObject *, PyObject *);
- typedef PyObject *(*newfunc)(struct _typeobject *, PyObject *, PyObject *);
- typedef PyObject *(*allocfunc)(struct _typeobject *, int);
-
- typedef struct _typeobject {
- PyObject_VAR_HEAD
- char *tp_name; /* For printing, in format "<module>.<name>" */
- int tp_basicsize, tp_itemsize; /* For allocation */
-
- /* Methods to implement standard operations */
-
- destructor tp_dealloc;
- printfunc tp_print;
- getattrfunc tp_getattr;
- setattrfunc tp_setattr;
- cmpfunc tp_compare;
- reprfunc tp_repr;
-
- /* Method suites for standard classes */
-
- PyNumberMethods *tp_as_number;
- PySequenceMethods *tp_as_sequence;
- PyMappingMethods *tp_as_mapping;
-
- /* More standard operations (here for binary compatibility) */
-
- hashfunc tp_hash;
- ternaryfunc tp_call;
- reprfunc tp_str;
- getattrofunc tp_getattro;
- setattrofunc tp_setattro;
-
- /* Functions to access object as input/output buffer */
- PyBufferProcs *tp_as_buffer;
-
- /* Flags to define presence of optional/expanded features */
- long tp_flags;
-
- char *tp_doc; /* Documentation string */
-
- /* Assigned meaning in release 2.0 */
- /* call function for all accessible objects */
- traverseproc tp_traverse;
-
- /* delete references to contained objects */
- inquiry tp_clear;
-
- /* Assigned meaning in release 2.1 */
- /* rich comparisons */
- richcmpfunc tp_richcompare;
-
- /* weak reference enabler */
- long tp_weaklistoffset;
-
- /* Added in release 2.2 */
- /* Iterators */
- getiterfunc tp_iter;
- iternextfunc tp_iternext;
-
- /* Attribute descriptor and subclassing stuff */
- struct PyMethodDef *tp_methods;
- struct PyMemberDef *tp_members;
- struct PyGetSetDef *tp_getset;
- struct _typeobject *tp_base;
- PyObject *tp_dict;
- descrgetfunc tp_descr_get;
- descrsetfunc tp_descr_set;
- long tp_dictoffset;
- initproc tp_init;
- allocfunc tp_alloc;
- newfunc tp_new;
- freefunc tp_free; /* Low-level free-memory routine */
- inquiry tp_is_gc; /* For PyObject_IS_GC */
- PyObject *tp_bases;
- PyObject *tp_mro; /* method resolution order */
- PyObject *tp_cache;
- PyObject *tp_subclasses;
- PyObject *tp_weaklist;
- destructor tp_del;
-
- #ifdef COUNT_ALLOCS
- /* these must be last and never explicitly initialized */
- int tp_allocs;
- int tp_frees;
- int tp_maxalloc;
- struct _typeobject *tp_next;
- #endif
- } PyTypeObject;
-
-
- /* The *real* layout of a type object when allocated on the heap */
- typedef struct _heaptypeobject {
- /* Note: there's a dependency on the order of these members
- in slotptr() in typeobject.c . */
- PyTypeObject type;
- PyNumberMethods as_number;
- PyMappingMethods as_mapping;
- PySequenceMethods as_sequence; /* as_sequence comes after as_mapping,
- so that the mapping wins when both
- the mapping and the sequence define
- a given operator (e.g. __getitem__).
- see add_operators() in typeobject.c . */
- PyBufferProcs as_buffer;
- PyObject *name, *slots;
- /* here are optional user slots, followed by the members. */
- } PyHeapTypeObject;
-
- /* access macro to the members which are floating "behind" the object */
- #define PyHeapType_GET_MEMBERS(etype) \
- ((PyMemberDef *)(((char *)etype) + (etype)->type.ob_type->tp_basicsize))
-
-
- /* Generic type check */
- PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyType_IsSubtype(PyTypeObject *, PyTypeObject *);
- #define PyObject_TypeCheck(ob, tp) \
- ((ob)->ob_type == (tp) || PyType_IsSubtype((ob)->ob_type, (tp)))
-
- PyAPI_DATA(PyTypeObject) PyType_Type; /* built-in 'type' */
- PyAPI_DATA(PyTypeObject) PyBaseObject_Type; /* built-in 'object' */
- PyAPI_DATA(PyTypeObject) PySuper_Type; /* built-in 'super' */
-
- #define PyType_Check(op) PyObject_TypeCheck(op, &PyType_Type)
- #define PyType_CheckExact(op) ((op)->ob_type == &PyType_Type)
-
- PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyType_Ready(PyTypeObject *);
- PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyType_GenericAlloc(PyTypeObject *, int);
- PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyType_GenericNew(PyTypeObject *,
- PyObject *, PyObject *);
- PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyType_Lookup(PyTypeObject *, PyObject *);
-
- /* Generic operations on objects */
- PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_Print(PyObject *, FILE *, int);
- PyAPI_FUNC(void) _PyObject_Dump(PyObject *);
- PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyObject_Repr(PyObject *);
- PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyObject_Str(PyObject *);
- #ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
- PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyObject_Unicode(PyObject *);
- #endif
- PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_Compare(PyObject *, PyObject *);
- PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyObject_RichCompare(PyObject *, PyObject *, int);
- PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_RichCompareBool(PyObject *, PyObject *, int);
- PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyObject_GetAttrString(PyObject *, char *);
- PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_SetAttrString(PyObject *, char *, PyObject *);
- PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_HasAttrString(PyObject *, char *);
- PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyObject_GetAttr(PyObject *, PyObject *);
- PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_SetAttr(PyObject *, PyObject *, PyObject *);
- PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_HasAttr(PyObject *, PyObject *);
- PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject **) _PyObject_GetDictPtr(PyObject *);
- PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyObject_SelfIter(PyObject *);
- PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyObject_GenericGetAttr(PyObject *, PyObject *);
- PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_GenericSetAttr(PyObject *,
- PyObject *, PyObject *);
- PyAPI_FUNC(long) PyObject_Hash(PyObject *);
- PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_IsTrue(PyObject *);
- PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_Not(PyObject *);
- PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyCallable_Check(PyObject *);
- PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyNumber_Coerce(PyObject **, PyObject **);
- PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyNumber_CoerceEx(PyObject **, PyObject **);
-
- PyAPI_FUNC(void) PyObject_ClearWeakRefs(PyObject *);
-
- /* A slot function whose address we need to compare */
- extern int _PyObject_SlotCompare(PyObject *, PyObject *);
-
-
- /* PyObject_Dir(obj) acts like Python __builtin__.dir(obj), returning a
- list of strings. PyObject_Dir(NULL) is like __builtin__.dir(),
- returning the names of the current locals. In this case, if there are
- no current locals, NULL is returned, and PyErr_Occurred() is false.
- */
- PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyObject_Dir(PyObject *);
-
-
- /* Helpers for printing recursive container types */
- PyAPI_FUNC(int) Py_ReprEnter(PyObject *);
- PyAPI_FUNC(void) Py_ReprLeave(PyObject *);
-
- /* Helpers for hash functions */
- PyAPI_FUNC(long) _Py_HashDouble(double);
- PyAPI_FUNC(long) _Py_HashPointer(void*);
-
- /* Helper for passing objects to printf and the like */
- #define PyObject_REPR(obj) PyString_AS_STRING(PyObject_Repr(obj))
-
- /* Flag bits for printing: */
- #define Py_PRINT_RAW 1 /* No string quotes etc. */
-
- /*
- `Type flags (tp_flags)
-
- These flags are used to extend the type structure in a backwards-compatible
- fashion. Extensions can use the flags to indicate (and test) when a given
- type structure contains a new feature. The Python core will use these when
- introducing new functionality between major revisions (to avoid mid-version
- changes in the PYTHON_API_VERSION).
-
- Arbitration of the flag bit positions will need to be coordinated among
- all extension writers who publically release their extensions (this will
- be fewer than you might expect!)..
-
- Python 1.5.2 introduced the bf_getcharbuffer slot into PyBufferProcs.
-
- Type definitions should use Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT for their tp_flags value.
-
- Code can use PyType_HasFeature(type_ob, flag_value) to test whether the
- given type object has a specified feature.
- */
-
- /* PyBufferProcs contains bf_getcharbuffer */
- #define Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GETCHARBUFFER (1L<<0)
-
- /* PySequenceMethods contains sq_contains */
- #define Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_SEQUENCE_IN (1L<<1)
-
- /* This is here for backwards compatibility. Extensions that use the old GC
- * API will still compile but the objects will not be tracked by the GC. */
- #define Py_TPFLAGS_GC 0 /* used to be (1L<<2) */
-
- /* PySequenceMethods and PyNumberMethods contain in-place operators */
- #define Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_INPLACEOPS (1L<<3)
-
- /* PyNumberMethods do their own coercion */
- #define Py_TPFLAGS_CHECKTYPES (1L<<4)
-
- /* tp_richcompare is defined */
- #define Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_RICHCOMPARE (1L<<5)
-
- /* Objects which are weakly referencable if their tp_weaklistoffset is >0 */
- #define Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_WEAKREFS (1L<<6)
-
- /* tp_iter is defined */
- #define Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_ITER (1L<<7)
-
- /* New members introduced by Python 2.2 exist */
- #define Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_CLASS (1L<<8)
-
- /* Set if the type object is dynamically allocated */
- #define Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE (1L<<9)
-
- /* Set if the type allows subclassing */
- #define Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE (1L<<10)
-
- /* Set if the type is 'ready' -- fully initialized */
- #define Py_TPFLAGS_READY (1L<<12)
-
- /* Set while the type is being 'readied', to prevent recursive ready calls */
- #define Py_TPFLAGS_READYING (1L<<13)
-
- /* Objects support garbage collection (see objimp.h) */
- #define Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC (1L<<14)
-
- /* These two bits are preserved for Stackless Python, next after this is 16 */
- #ifdef STACKLESS
- #define Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_STACKLESS_EXTENSION (3L<<15)
- #else
- #define Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_STACKLESS_EXTENSION 0
- #endif
-
- #define Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT ( \
- Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GETCHARBUFFER | \
- Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_SEQUENCE_IN | \
- Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_INPLACEOPS | \
- Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_RICHCOMPARE | \
- Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_WEAKREFS | \
- Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_ITER | \
- Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_CLASS | \
- Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_STACKLESS_EXTENSION | \
- 0)
-
- #define PyType_HasFeature(t,f) (((t)->tp_flags & (f)) != 0)
-
-
- /*
- The macros Py_INCREF(op) and Py_DECREF(op) are used to increment or decrement
- reference counts. Py_DECREF calls the object's deallocator function when
- the refcount falls to 0; for
- objects that don't contain references to other objects or heap memory
- this can be the standard function free(). Both macros can be used
- wherever a void expression is allowed. The argument must not be a
- NIL pointer. If it may be NIL, use Py_XINCREF/Py_XDECREF instead.
- The macro _Py_NewReference(op) initialize reference counts to 1, and
- in special builds (Py_REF_DEBUG, Py_TRACE_REFS) performs additional
- bookkeeping appropriate to the special build.
-
- We assume that the reference count field can never overflow; this can
- be proven when the size of the field is the same as the pointer size, so
- we ignore the possibility. Provided a C int is at least 32 bits (which
- is implicitly assumed in many parts of this code), that's enough for
- about 2**31 references to an object.
-
- XXX The following became out of date in Python 2.2, but I'm not sure
- XXX what the full truth is now. Certainly, heap-allocated type objects
- XXX can and should be deallocated.
- Type objects should never be deallocated; the type pointer in an object
- is not considered to be a reference to the type object, to save
- complications in the deallocation function. (This is actually a
- decision that's up to the implementer of each new type so if you want,
- you can count such references to the type object.)
-
- *** WARNING*** The Py_DECREF macro must have a side-effect-free argument
- since it may evaluate its argument multiple times. (The alternative
- would be to mace it a proper function or assign it to a global temporary
- variable first, both of which are slower; and in a multi-threaded
- environment the global variable trick is not safe.)
- */
-
- /* First define a pile of simple helper macros, one set per special
- * build symbol. These either expand to the obvious things, or to
- * nothing at all when the special mode isn't in effect. The main
- * macros can later be defined just once then, yet expand to different
- * things depending on which special build options are and aren't in effect.
- * Trust me <wink>: while painful, this is 20x easier to understand than,
- * e.g, defining _Py_NewReference five different times in a maze of nested
- * #ifdefs (we used to do that -- it was impenetrable).
- */
- #ifdef Py_REF_DEBUG
- PyAPI_DATA(long) _Py_RefTotal;
- PyAPI_FUNC(void) _Py_NegativeRefcount(const char *fname,
- int lineno, PyObject *op);
- #define _Py_INC_REFTOTAL _Py_RefTotal++
- #define _Py_DEC_REFTOTAL _Py_RefTotal--
- #define _Py_REF_DEBUG_COMMA ,
- #define _Py_CHECK_REFCNT(OP) \
- { if ((OP)->ob_refcnt < 0) \
- _Py_NegativeRefcount(__FILE__, __LINE__, \
- (PyObject *)(OP)); \
- }
- #else
- #define _Py_INC_REFTOTAL
- #define _Py_DEC_REFTOTAL
- #define _Py_REF_DEBUG_COMMA
- #define _Py_CHECK_REFCNT(OP) /* a semicolon */;
- #endif /* Py_REF_DEBUG */
-
- #ifdef COUNT_ALLOCS
- PyAPI_FUNC(void) inc_count(PyTypeObject *);
- #define _Py_INC_TPALLOCS(OP) inc_count((OP)->ob_type)
- #define _Py_INC_TPFREES(OP) (OP)->ob_type->tp_frees++
- #define _Py_DEC_TPFREES(OP) (OP)->ob_type->tp_frees--
- #define _Py_COUNT_ALLOCS_COMMA ,
- #else
- #define _Py_INC_TPALLOCS(OP)
- #define _Py_INC_TPFREES(OP)
- #define _Py_DEC_TPFREES(OP)
- #define _Py_COUNT_ALLOCS_COMMA
- #endif /* COUNT_ALLOCS */
-
- #ifdef Py_TRACE_REFS
- /* Py_TRACE_REFS is such major surgery that we call external routines. */
- PyAPI_FUNC(void) _Py_NewReference(PyObject *);
- PyAPI_FUNC(void) _Py_ForgetReference(PyObject *);
- PyAPI_FUNC(void) _Py_Dealloc(PyObject *);
- PyAPI_FUNC(void) _Py_PrintReferences(FILE *);
- PyAPI_FUNC(void) _Py_PrintReferenceAddresses(FILE *);
- PyAPI_FUNC(void) _Py_AddToAllObjects(PyObject *, int force);
-
- #else
- /* Without Py_TRACE_REFS, there's little enough to do that we expand code
- * inline.
- */
- #define _Py_NewReference(op) ( \
- _Py_INC_TPALLOCS(op) _Py_COUNT_ALLOCS_COMMA \
- _Py_INC_REFTOTAL _Py_REF_DEBUG_COMMA \
- (op)->ob_refcnt = 1)
-
- #define _Py_ForgetReference(op) _Py_INC_TPFREES(op)
-
- #define _Py_Dealloc(op) ( \
- _Py_INC_TPFREES(op) _Py_COUNT_ALLOCS_COMMA \
- (*(op)->ob_type->tp_dealloc)((PyObject *)(op)))
- #endif /* !Py_TRACE_REFS */
-
- #define Py_INCREF(op) ( \
- _Py_INC_REFTOTAL _Py_REF_DEBUG_COMMA \
- (op)->ob_refcnt++)
-
- #define Py_DECREF(op) \
- if (_Py_DEC_REFTOTAL _Py_REF_DEBUG_COMMA \
- --(op)->ob_refcnt != 0) \
- _Py_CHECK_REFCNT(op) \
- else \
- _Py_Dealloc((PyObject *)(op))
-
- /* Macros to use in case the object pointer may be NULL: */
- #define Py_XINCREF(op) if ((op) == NULL) ; else Py_INCREF(op)
- #define Py_XDECREF(op) if ((op) == NULL) ; else Py_DECREF(op)
-
- /*
- _Py_NoneStruct is an object of undefined type which can be used in contexts
- where NULL (nil) is not suitable (since NULL often means 'error').
-
- Don't forget to apply Py_INCREF() when returning this value!!!
- */
- PyAPI_DATA(PyObject) _Py_NoneStruct; /* Don't use this directly */
- #define Py_None (&_Py_NoneStruct)
-
- /*
- Py_NotImplemented is a singleton used to signal that an operation is
- not implemented for a given type combination.
- */
- PyAPI_DATA(PyObject) _Py_NotImplementedStruct; /* Don't use this directly */
- #define Py_NotImplemented (&_Py_NotImplementedStruct)
-
- /* Rich comparison opcodes */
- #define Py_LT 0
- #define Py_LE 1
- #define Py_EQ 2
- #define Py_NE 3
- #define Py_GT 4
- #define Py_GE 5
-
- /*
- Define staticforward and statichere for source compatibility with old
- C extensions.
-
- The staticforward define was needed to support certain broken C
- compilers (notably SCO ODT 3.0, perhaps early AIX as well) botched the
- static keyword when it was used with a forward declaration of a static
- initialized structure. Standard C allows the forward declaration with
- static, and we've decided to stop catering to broken C compilers.
- (In fact, we expect that the compilers are all fixed eight years later.)
- */
-
- #define staticforward static
- #define statichere static
-
-
- /*
- More conventions
- ================
-
- Argument Checking
- -----------------
-
- Functions that take objects as arguments normally don't check for nil
- arguments, but they do check the type of the argument, and return an
- error if the function doesn't apply to the type.
-
- Failure Modes
- -------------
-
- Functions may fail for a variety of reasons, including running out of
- memory. This is communicated to the caller in two ways: an error string
- is set (see errors.h), and the function result differs: functions that
- normally return a pointer return NULL for failure, functions returning
- an integer return -1 (which could be a legal return value too!), and
- other functions return 0 for success and -1 for failure.
- Callers should always check for errors before using the result. If
- an error was set, the caller must either explicitly clear it, or pass
- the error on to its caller.
-
- Reference Counts
- ----------------
-
- It takes a while to get used to the proper usage of reference counts.
-
- Functions that create an object set the reference count to 1; such new
- objects must be stored somewhere or destroyed again with Py_DECREF().
- Functions that 'store' objects such as PyTuple_SetItem() and
- PyDict_SetItemString()
- don't increment the reference count of the object, since the most
- frequent use is to store a fresh object. Functions that 'retrieve'
- objects such as PyTuple_GetItem() and PyDict_GetItemString() also
- don't increment
- the reference count, since most frequently the object is only looked at
- quickly. Thus, to retrieve an object and store it again, the caller
- must call Py_INCREF() explicitly.
-
- NOTE: functions that 'consume' a reference count like
- PyList_SetItemString() even consume the reference if the object wasn't
- stored, to simplify error handling.
-
- It seems attractive to make other functions that take an object as
- argument consume a reference count; however this may quickly get
- confusing (even the current practice is already confusing). Consider
- it carefully, it may save lots of calls to Py_INCREF() and Py_DECREF() at
- times.
- */
-
-
- /* Trashcan mechanism, thanks to Christian Tismer.
-
- When deallocating a container object, it's possible to trigger an unbounded
- chain of deallocations, as each Py_DECREF in turn drops the refcount on "the
- next" object in the chain to 0. This can easily lead to stack faults, and
- especially in threads (which typically have less stack space to work with).
-
- A container object that participates in cyclic gc can avoid this by
- bracketing the body of its tp_dealloc function with a pair of macros:
-
- static void
- mytype_dealloc(mytype *p)
- {
- ... declarations go here ...
-
- PyObject_GC_UnTrack(p); // must untrack first
- Py_TRASHCAN_SAFE_BEGIN(p)
- ... The body of the deallocator goes here, including all calls ...
- ... to Py_DECREF on contained objects. ...
- Py_TRASHCAN_SAFE_END(p)
- }
-
- CAUTION: Never return from the middle of the body! If the body needs to
- "get out early", put a label immediately before the Py_TRASHCAN_SAFE_END
- call, and goto it. Else the call-depth counter (see below) will stay
- above 0 forever, and the trashcan will never get emptied.
-
- How it works: The BEGIN macro increments a call-depth counter. So long
- as this counter is small, the body of the deallocator is run directly without
- further ado. But if the counter gets large, it instead adds p to a list of
- objects to be deallocated later, skips the body of the deallocator, and
- resumes execution after the END macro. The tp_dealloc routine then returns
- without deallocating anything (and so unbounded call-stack depth is avoided).
-
- When the call stack finishes unwinding again, code generated by the END macro
- notices this, and calls another routine to deallocate all the objects that
- may have been added to the list of deferred deallocations. In effect, a
- chain of N deallocations is broken into N / PyTrash_UNWIND_LEVEL pieces,
- with the call stack never exceeding a depth of PyTrash_UNWIND_LEVEL.
- */
-
- PyAPI_FUNC(void) _PyTrash_deposit_object(PyObject*);
- PyAPI_FUNC(void) _PyTrash_destroy_chain(void);
- PyAPI_DATA(int) _PyTrash_delete_nesting;
- PyAPI_DATA(PyObject *) _PyTrash_delete_later;
-
- #define PyTrash_UNWIND_LEVEL 50
-
- #define Py_TRASHCAN_SAFE_BEGIN(op) \
- if (_PyTrash_delete_nesting < PyTrash_UNWIND_LEVEL) { \
- ++_PyTrash_delete_nesting;
- /* The body of the deallocator is here. */
- #define Py_TRASHCAN_SAFE_END(op) \
- --_PyTrash_delete_nesting; \
- if (_PyTrash_delete_later && _PyTrash_delete_nesting <= 0) \
- _PyTrash_destroy_chain(); \
- } \
- else \
- _PyTrash_deposit_object((PyObject*)op);
-
- #ifdef __cplusplus
- }
- #endif
- #endif /* !Py_OBJECT_H */
-