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-
- S E T T I N G U P T H E M O D E M S O F T W A R E
-
- The first thing to do is to read the manual. If you are
- using a shareware telecommunications program, you should
- print the manual. It is usually in the form of a text
- file. For example, the manual for TELIX is a text file
- called TELIX.DOC. You will need to set up your software
- for your particular modem. If you have a 2400 baud modem,
- you can set the baud to 2400. Most BBSs require a setting
- of 8,N,1. That is, a typical BBS requires the following
- settings:
-
- 8 data bits
- N for no parity
- 1 stop bit
-
- If you are calling a BBS, use the above setting. If that
- doesn't work, use 7,E,1 which is explained below. These
- are the two main settings for personal communications.
- You need to set your settings to match the computer you
- are calling.
-
- Some commercial online services (like CompuServe) require
- a setting of 7,E,1 or:
-
- 7 data bits
- E even parity
- 1 stop bit
-
- If you are not sure, call the commercial online service
- on their voice line and ask them. Most of the commercial
- online services have toll-free information numbers. See
- the section on "Getting Online" for phone numbers.
-
-
- TIPS
-
- If your modem uses data compression (V.42 or V.42 bis),
- you can increase performance by setting the baud on the
- telecommunications software to four times the baud rate
- of your modem. For example, if you have a 14,400 baud
- modem, you should set the baud for 57,600. A modem with
- compression technology can receive data at a faster speed
- than its rated speed. Effective throughput can be
- considerably greater than the modems rated speed. If your
- modem software has an auto-baud option, be sure to turn
- it off if your modem uses V.42 or V.42 bis. If you don't
- turn the auto-baud option off, you will not get the
- advantage of this much more efficient throughput.
-
-
- TERMINAL EMULATION
-
- Your terminal setting should match the computer you are
- calling (the host). If you are going to call a BBS, start
- off with ANSI terminal emulation. You will probably find
- that your telecommunications software defaults to an ANSI
- setting. This is what most BBSs expect. Some other common
- terminal emulation choices are TTY and DEC VT100/102. You
- may find that a terminal setting of DEC VT100 or VT102
- works better when calling an online service. Most
- computers on the Internet want a terminal emulation of
- VT100. If you connect to a computer where you need to
- emulate VT100 and your telecommunications program doesn't
- support it, try VT102 or ANSI terminal emulation.
-
-
- LOCAL ECHO
-
- Set local echo OFF when setting up your
- telecommunications software. If you set it to on when you
- call a BBS, you will see double letters because they will
- echo what you type back to you. If that is the case, it
- will likely look "lliikkee tthhiiss." If you are
- receiving double letters, you will know that you need to
- turn local echo off.
-
- LINE FEEDS
-
- Set line feeds to OFF. Most BBSs add line feeds for you.
- However, if you receive characters on your screen that
- overwrite the preceding line, you will know that you need
- to turn your line feeds on. This is done through the
- modem software. If the computer you are calling and your
- modem software are both sending line feeds, the lines on
- your screen will appear double-spaced. Then you will know
- that you need to set line feeds to off.
-
-
- FLOW CONTROL
-
- The way modems tell each other to stop sending or restart
- sending data is called flow control. Incoming data is
- held in a block of memory called a buffer. If the buffer
- gets too full, it is up to flow control to temporarily
- stop the flow of incoming data to allow the receiving
- modem time to empty the data in the buffer. There are two
- types of flow control. The first is software flow control
- known as XON/XOFF. This stands for transmit on (XON) and
- transmit off (XOFF). Software flow control is controlled
- by your communications software. The second type of flow
- control is hardware flow control (RTS/CTS). A modem
- equipped with hardware flow control can use wires in the
- modem to start and stop data transmission. One wire
- controls the RTS (Request To Send) signal, the other wire
- controls the CTS (Clear To Send) signal. Software flow
- control is not as efficient as hardware flow control.
- You will need to read your modem manual to determine if
- your modem supports hardware flow control. Most modems
- that have a baud rating of 9600 or more support hardware
- flow control. If your modem supports hardware flow
- control (RTS/CTS), you should use it and turn your
- software flow control off. You will need to read your
- communications software manual to see how to set your
- software flow control.
-
- If you have both hardware and software flow control on,
- it can cause your modem to operate inefficiently and may
- cause problems with data transmission. Some systems may
- even "crash" or abort!
-
- Many of the better communications software programs have
- a feature that you can use to automate modem setup. For
- example, if you are using TELIX, you can run a program
- called MODEMCFG.EXE. Then select your modem from the
- pick-list. The software will automatically configure both
- your modem and the communications software for flow
- control and other settings. It has pre-defined modem
- initialization strings for over 200 different modems.
-
- If your modem software does not set the initalization
- string, you will want to look in the manual that came
- with you modem for help on selecting an initalization
- string.
-
-
- SETTING YOUR PROTOCOL
-
- Before you can download (receive) or upload (send) a
- file, you have to choose what is called a transfer
- protocol. Your communications software will support a
- number of built-in file transfer protocols, and probably
- external protocols as well. BOTH the calling computer and
- the host MUST support the chosen transfer protocol. Also,
- both the calling computer and the computer you are
- calling MUST be set to use the same transfer protocol.
- If the computer you are calling (the host) supports
- Zmodem, then you should use Zmodem. Zmodem is fast, has
- excellent error checking, and can even resume an
- interrupted transfer if you select this option on your
- communications software. This ability is sometimes
- referred to as "crash recovery."
-
- If the computer you are calling does not support Zmodem,
- then Ymodem-batch would be a good choice. Other transfer
- protocols include: Xmodem, Xmodem-1K, and ASCII. Avoid
- using ASCII if possible, as it is only for plain text
- files and does not use any error correction scheme. See
- the section on Telecommunications Terms for more complete
- descriptions of these different protocols. Most
- communications software today come using Zmodem as the
- default protocol. If ZMODEM is the default protocol, it
- means that you won't even have to change a setting to
- select ZMODEM.
-
- Some commercial online services have special file
- transfer protocols. CompuServe has a protocol called
- CompuServe Quick B.
-
-
- SETTING YOUR DOWNLOAD DIRECTORY
-
- You should create special directories on your hard drive
- for downloading and uploading files. In DOS, you can use
- the MD command to create a directory such as C:\DOWNLOAD.
- To do so, at the C prompt type:
-
- md c:\download <ENTER>
-
- This will create a directory called C:\DOWNLOAD on your
- C drive. When you select options on your communications
- program, you can then specify this C:\DOWNLOAD directory
- as the one you will use for your download directory. For
- example, if you are using the TELIX communications
- software, you would press <ALT> O for options. Then
- select FILENAMES AND PATHS. Next, select the DOWNLOAD
- DIRECTORY and type:
-
- c:\download
-
- Next, make an upload directory (C:\UPLOAD) in the same
- fashion that you made the C:\DOWNLOAD directory. Then go
- into your telecommunications program and save the changes
- to disk. In TELIX, when you are finished, make sure you
- select WRITE SETUP TO DISK, so your changes will be
- saved. For more information, read the manual that comes
- with your communications software. If you are using
- TELIX, look for a text file called TELIX.DOC. You can
- read and print this file using an editor (such as DOS
- EDIT) or a word processor. Also, the shareware program
- LIST is excellent for viewing and printing text files.
-
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