vim.ftp.fu-berlin.de/2015-02-03.vim.ftp.fu-berlin.de.tar/vim.ftp.fu-berlin.de/unix/vim-6.2.tar.bz2/vim-6.2.tar/vim62/src/fileio.c

C/C++ Source or Header | 2003-05-29 | 199.6 KB | 8,190 lines

/* vi:set ts=8 sts=4 sw=4:
 *
 * VIM - Vi IMproved    by Bram Moolenaar
 *
 * Do ":help uganda"  in Vim to read copying and usage conditions.
 * Do ":help credits" in Vim to see a list of people who contributed.
 * See README.txt for an overview of the Vim source code.
 */

/*
 * fileio.c: read from and write to a file
 */

#if defined(MSDOS) || defined(WIN16) || defined(WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)
# include <io.h>    /* for lseek(), must be before vim.h */
#endif

#if defined __EMX__
# include <io.h>    /* for mktemp(), CJW 1997-12-03 */
#endif

#include "vim.h"

#ifdef HAVE_FCNTL_H
# include <fcntl.h>
#endif

#ifdef LATTICE
# include <proto/dos.h>        /* for Lock() and UnLock() */
#endif

#ifdef __TANDEM
# include <limits.h>        /* for SSIZE_MAX */
#endif

#if defined(HAVE_UTIME) && defined(HAVE_UTIME_H)
# include <utime.h>        /* for struct utimbuf */
#endif

#define BUFSIZE        8192    /* size of normal write buffer */
#define SMBUFSIZE    256    /* size of emergency write buffer */

#ifdef FEAT_CRYPT
# define CRYPT_MAGIC        "VimCrypt~01!"    /* "01" is the version nr */
# define CRYPT_MAGIC_LEN    12        /* must be multiple of 4! */
#endif

/* Is there any system that doesn't have access()? */
#ifndef MACOS_CLASSIC /* Not available on MacOS 9 */
# define USE_MCH_ACCESS
#endif

#ifdef FEAT_MBYTE
static char_u *next_fenc __ARGS((char_u **pp));
# ifdef FEAT_EVAL
static char_u *readfile_charconvert __ARGS((char_u *fname, char_u *fenc, int *fdp));
# endif
#endif
#ifdef FEAT_VIMINFO
static void check_marks_read __ARGS((void));
#endif
#ifdef FEAT_CRYPT
static char_u *check_for_cryptkey __ARGS((char_u *cryptkey, char_u *ptr, long *sizep, long *filesizep, int newfile));
#endif
#ifdef UNIX
static void set_file_time __ARGS((char_u *fname, time_t atime, time_t mtime));
#endif
static void msg_add_fname __ARGS((buf_T *, char_u *));
static int msg_add_fileformat __ARGS((int eol_type));
static void msg_add_lines __ARGS((int, long, long));
static void msg_add_eol __ARGS((void));
static int check_mtime __ARGS((buf_T *buf, struct stat *s));
static int time_differs __ARGS((long t1, long t2));
#ifdef FEAT_AUTOCMD
static int apply_autocmds_exarg __ARGS((EVENT_T event, char_u *fname, char_u *fname_io, int force, buf_T *buf, exarg_T *eap));
#endif

#if defined(FEAT_CRYPT) || defined(FEAT_MBYTE)
# define HAS_BW_FLAGS
# define FIO_LATIN1    0x01    /* convert Latin1 */
# define FIO_UTF8    0x02    /* convert UTF-8 */
# define FIO_UCS2    0x04    /* convert UCS-2 */
# define FIO_UCS4    0x08    /* convert UCS-4 */
# define FIO_UTF16    0x10    /* convert UTF-16 */
# ifdef WIN3264
#  define FIO_CODEPAGE    0x20    /* convert MS-Windows codepage */
#  define FIO_PUT_CP(x) (((x) & 0xffff) << 16)    /* put codepage in top word */
#  define FIO_GET_CP(x)    (((x)>>16) & 0xffff)    /* get codepage from top word */
# endif
# define FIO_ENDIAN_L    0x80    /* little endian */
# define FIO_ENCRYPTED    0x1000    /* encrypt written bytes */
# define FIO_NOCONVERT    0x2000    /* skip encoding conversion */
# define FIO_UCSBOM    0x4000    /* check for BOM at start of file */
# define FIO_ALL    -1    /* allow all formats */
#endif

/* When converting, a read() or write() may leave some bytes to be converted
 * for the next call.  The value is guessed... */
#define CONV_RESTLEN 30

/* We have to guess how much a sequence of bytes may expand when converting
 * with iconv() to be able to allocate a buffer. */
#define ICONV_MULT 8

/*
 * Structure to pass arguments from buf_write() to buf_write_bytes().
 */
struct bw_info
{
    int        bw_fd;        /* file descriptor */
    char_u    *bw_buf;    /* buffer with data to be written */
    int        bw_len;    /* lenght of data */
#ifdef HAS_BW_FLAGS
    int        bw_flags;    /* FIO_ flags */
#endif
#ifdef FEAT_MBYTE
    char_u    bw_rest[CONV_RESTLEN]; /* not converted bytes */
    int        bw_restlen;    /* nr of bytes in bw_rest[] */
    int        bw_first;    /* first write call */
    char_u    *bw_conv_buf;    /* buffer for writing converted chars */
    int        bw_conv_buflen; /* size of bw_conv_buf */
    int        bw_conv_error;    /* set for conversion error */
# ifdef USE_ICONV
    iconv_t    bw_iconv_fd;    /* descriptor for iconv() or -1 */
# endif
#endif
};

static int  buf_write_bytes __ARGS((struct bw_info *ip));

#ifdef FEAT_MBYTE
static int ucs2bytes __ARGS((unsigned c, char_u **pp, int flags));
static int same_encoding __ARGS((char_u *a, char_u *b));
static int get_fio_flags __ARGS((char_u *ptr));
static char_u *check_for_bom __ARGS((char_u *p, long size, int *lenp, int flags));
static int make_bom __ARGS((char_u *buf, char_u *name));
# ifdef WIN3264
static int get_win_fio_flags __ARGS((char_u *ptr));
# endif
#endif
static int move_lines __ARGS((buf_T *frombuf, buf_T *tobuf));

static linenr_T    write_no_eol_lnum = 0;    /* non-zero lnum when last line of
                       next binary write should not have
                       an end-of-line */

    void
filemess(buf, name, s, attr)
    buf_T    *buf;
    char_u    *name;
    char_u    *s;
    int        attr;
{
    int        msg_scroll_save;

    if (msg_silent != 0)
    return;
    msg_add_fname(buf, name);        /* put file name in IObuff with quotes */
    /* If it's extremely long, truncate it. */
    if (STRLEN(IObuff) > IOSIZE - 80)
    IObuff[IOSIZE - 80] = NUL;
    STRCAT(IObuff, s);
    /*
     * For the first message may have to start a new line.
     * For further ones overwrite the previous one, reset msg_scroll before
     * calling filemess().
     */
    msg_scroll_save = msg_scroll;
    if (shortmess(SHM_OVERALL) && !exiting && p_verbose == 0)
    msg_scroll = FALSE;
    if (!msg_scroll)    /* wait a bit when overwriting an error msg */
    check_for_delay(FALSE);
    msg_start();
    msg_scroll = msg_scroll_save;
    msg_scrolled_ign = TRUE;
    /* may truncate the message to avoid a hit-return prompt */
    msg_outtrans_attr(msg_may_trunc(FALSE, IObuff), attr);
    msg_clr_eos();
    out_flush();
    msg_scrolled_ign = FALSE;
}

/*
 * Read lines from file "fname" into the buffer after line "from".
 *
 * 1. We allocate blocks with lalloc, as big as possible.
 * 2. Each block is filled with characters from the file with a single read().
 * 3. The lines are inserted in the buffer with ml_append().
 *
 * (caller must check that fname != NULL, unless READ_STDIN is used)
 *
 * "lines_to_skip" is the number of lines that must be skipped
 * "lines_to_read" is the number of lines that are appended
 * When not recovering lines_to_skip is 0 and lines_to_read MAXLNUM.
 *
 * flags:
 * READ_NEW    starting to edit a new buffer
 * READ_FILTER    reading filter output
 * READ_STDIN    read from stdin instead of a file
 * READ_BUFFER    read from curbuf instead of a file (converting after reading
 *        stdin)
 * READ_DUMMY    read into a dummy buffer (to check if file contents changed)
 *
 * return FAIL for failure, OK otherwise
 */
    int
readfile(fname, sfname, from, lines_to_skip, lines_to_read, eap, flags)
    char_u    *fname;
    char_u    *sfname;
    linenr_T    from;
    linenr_T    lines_to_skip;
    linenr_T    lines_to_read;
    exarg_T    *eap;            /* can be NULL! */
    int        flags;
{
    int        fd = 0;
    int        newfile = (flags & READ_NEW);
    int        check_readonly;
    int        filtering = (flags & READ_FILTER);
    int        read_stdin = (flags & READ_STDIN);
    int        read_buffer = (flags & READ_BUFFER);
    linenr_T    read_buf_lnum = 1;    /* next line to read from curbuf */
    colnr_T    read_buf_col = 0;    /* next char to read from this line */
    char_u    c;
    linenr_T    lnum = from;
    char_u    *ptr = NULL;        /* pointer into read buffer */
    char_u    *buffer = NULL;        /* read buffer */
    char_u    *new_buffer = NULL;    /* init to shut up gcc */
    char_u    *line_start = NULL;    /* init to shut up gcc */
    int        wasempty;        /* buffer was empty before reading */
    colnr_T    len;
    long    size = 0;
    char_u    *p;
    long    filesize = 0;
    int        skip_read = FALSE;
#ifdef FEAT_CRYPT
    char_u    *cryptkey = NULL;
#endif
    int        split = 0;        /* number of split lines */
#define UNKNOWN     0x0fffffff        /* file size is unknown */
    linenr_T    linecnt;
    int        error = FALSE;        /* errors encountered */
    int        ff_error = EOL_UNKNOWN; /* file format with errors */
    long    linerest = 0;        /* remaining chars in line */
#ifdef UNIX
    int        perm = 0;
#else
    int        perm;
#endif
    int        fileformat = 0;        /* end-of-line format */
    int        keep_fileformat = FALSE;
    struct stat    st;
    int        file_readonly;
    linenr_T    skip_count = 0;
    linenr_T    read_count = 0;
    int        msg_save = msg_scroll;
    linenr_T    read_no_eol_lnum = 0;   /* non-zero lnum when last line of
                     * last read was missing the eol */
    int        try_mac = (vim_strchr(p_ffs, 'm') != NULL);
    int        try_dos = (vim_strchr(p_ffs, 'd') != NULL);
    int        try_unix = (vim_strchr(p_ffs, 'x') != NULL);
    int        file_rewind = FALSE;
#ifdef FEAT_MBYTE
    int        can_retry;
    int        conv_error = FALSE;    /* conversion error detected */
    linenr_T    illegal_byte = 0;    /* line nr with illegal byte */
    char_u    *tmpname = NULL;    /* name of 'charconvert' output file */
    int        fio_flags = 0;
    char_u    *fenc;            /* fileencoding to use */
    int        fenc_alloced;        /* fenc_next is in allocated memory */
    char_u    *fenc_next = NULL;    /* next item in 'fencs' or NULL */
    int        advance_fenc = FALSE;
    long    real_size = 0;
# ifdef USE_ICONV
    iconv_t    iconv_fd = (iconv_t)-1;    /* descriptor for iconv() or -1 */
#  ifdef FEAT_EVAL
    int        did_iconv = FALSE;    /* TRUE when iconv() failed and trying
                       'charconvert' next */
#  endif
# endif
    int        converted = FALSE;    /* TRUE if conversion done */
    int        notconverted = FALSE;    /* TRUE if conversion wanted but it
                       wasn't possible */
    char_u    conv_rest[CONV_RESTLEN];
    int        conv_restlen = 0;    /* nr of bytes in conv_rest[] */
#endif

#ifdef FEAT_AUTOCMD
    write_no_eol_lnum = 0;    /* in case it was set by the previous read */
#endif

    /*
     * If there is no file name yet, use the one for the read file.
     * BF_NOTEDITED is set to reflect this.
     * Don't do this for a read from a filter.
     * Only do this when 'cpoptions' contains the 'f' flag.
     */
    if (curbuf->b_ffname == NULL
        && !filtering
        && fname != NULL
        && vim_strchr(p_cpo, CPO_FNAMER) != NULL
        && !(flags & READ_DUMMY))
    {
    if (setfname(fname, sfname, FALSE) == OK)
        curbuf->b_flags |= BF_NOTEDITED;
    }

    /*
     * For Unix: Use the short file name whenever possible.
     * Avoids problems with networks and when directory names are changed.
     * Don't do this for MS-DOS, a "cd" in a sub-shell may have moved us to
     * another directory, which we don't detect.
     */
    if (sfname == NULL)
    sfname = fname;
#if defined(UNIX) || defined(__EMX__)
    fname = sfname;
#endif

#ifdef FEAT_AUTOCMD
    /*
     * The BufReadCmd and FileReadCmd events intercept the reading process by
     * executing the associated commands instead.
     */
    if (!filtering && !read_stdin && !read_buffer)
    {
    pos_T        pos;

    pos = curbuf->b_op_start;

    /* Set '[ mark to the line above where the lines go (line 1 if zero). */
    curbuf->b_op_start.lnum = ((from == 0) ? 1 : from);
    curbuf->b_op_start.col = 0;

    if (newfile)
    {
        if (apply_autocmds_exarg(EVENT_BUFREADCMD, NULL, sfname,
                              FALSE, curbuf, eap))
#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
        return aborting() ? FAIL : OK;
#else
        return OK;
#endif
    }
    else if (apply_autocmds_exarg(EVENT_FILEREADCMD, sfname, sfname,
                                FALSE, NULL, eap))
#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
        return aborting() ? FAIL : OK;
#else
        return OK;
#endif

    curbuf->b_op_start = pos;
    }
#endif

    if ((shortmess(SHM_OVER) || curbuf->b_help) && p_verbose == 0)
    msg_scroll = FALSE;    /* overwrite previous file message */
    else
    msg_scroll = TRUE;    /* don't overwrite previous file message */

    /*
     * If the name ends in a path separator, we can't open it.  Check here,
     * because reading the file may actually work, but then creating the swap
     * file may destroy it!  Reported on MS-DOS and Win 95.
     * If the name is too long we might crash further on, quit here.
     */
    if (fname != NULL
        && *fname != NUL
        && (vim_ispathsep(*(fname + STRLEN(fname) - 1))
        || STRLEN(fname) >= MAXPATHL))
    {
    filemess(curbuf, fname, (char_u *)_("Illegal file name"), 0);
    msg_end();
    msg_scroll = msg_save;
    return FAIL;
    }

#ifdef UNIX
    /*
     * On Unix it is possible to read a directory, so we have to
     * check for it before the mch_open().
     */
    if (!read_stdin && !read_buffer)
    {
    perm = mch_getperm(fname);
    if (perm >= 0 && !S_ISREG(perm)            /* not a regular file ... */
# ifdef S_ISFIFO
              && !S_ISFIFO(perm)        /* ... or fifo */
# endif
# ifdef S_ISSOCK
              && !S_ISSOCK(perm)        /* ... or socket */
# endif
                        )
    {
        if (S_ISDIR(perm))
        filemess(curbuf, fname, (char_u *)_("is a directory"), 0);
        else
        filemess(curbuf, fname, (char_u *)_("is not a file"), 0);
        msg_end();
        msg_scroll = msg_save;
        return FAIL;
    }
    }
#endif

    /* set default 'fileformat' */
    if (newfile)
    {
    if (eap != NULL && eap->force_ff != 0)
        set_fileformat(get_fileformat_force(curbuf, eap), OPT_LOCAL);
    else if (*p_ffs != NUL)
        set_fileformat(default_fileformat(), OPT_LOCAL);
    }

    /*
     * When opening a new file we take the readonly flag from the file.
     * Default is r/w, can be set to r/o below.
     * Don't reset it when in readonly mode
     * Only set/reset b_p_ro when BF_CHECK_RO is set.
     */
    check_readonly = (newfile && (curbuf->b_flags & BF_CHECK_RO));
    if (check_readonly && !readonlymode)    /* default: set file not readonly */
    curbuf->b_p_ro = FALSE;

    if (newfile && !read_stdin && !read_buffer)
    {
    /* Remember time of file.
     * For RISCOS, also remember the filetype.
     */
    if (mch_stat((char *)fname, &st) >= 0)
    {
        buf_store_time(curbuf, &st, fname);
        curbuf->b_mtime_read = curbuf->b_mtime;

#if defined(RISCOS) && defined(FEAT_OSFILETYPE)
        /* Read the filetype into the buffer local filetype option. */
        mch_read_filetype(fname);
#endif
#ifdef UNIX
        /*
         * Set the protection bits of the swap file equal to the original
         * file. This makes it possible for others to read the name of the
         * original file from the swapfile.
         */
        if (curbuf->b_ml.ml_mfp->mf_fname != NULL)
        (void)mch_setperm(curbuf->b_ml.ml_mfp->mf_fname,
                      (long)((st.st_mode & 0777) | 0600));
#endif
#ifdef MACOS_CLASSIC /* TODO: Is it need for MACOS_X? (Dany) */
        /* Get the FSSpec on MacOS
         * TODO: Update it properly when the buffer name changes
         */
        (void)GetFSSpecFromPath(curbuf->b_ffname, &curbuf->b_FSSpec);
#endif
#ifdef VMS
        curbuf->b_fab_rfm = st.st_fab_rfm;
#endif
    }
    else
    {
        curbuf->b_mtime = 0;
        curbuf->b_mtime_read = 0;
        curbuf->b_orig_size = 0;
        curbuf->b_orig_mode = 0;
    }

    /* Reset the "new file" flag.  It will be set again below when the
     * file doesn't exist. */
    curbuf->b_flags &= ~(BF_NEW | BF_NEW_W);
    }

/*
 * for UNIX: check readonly with perm and mch_access()
 * for RISCOS: same as Unix, otherwise file gets re-datestamped!
 * for MSDOS and Amiga: check readonly by trying to open the file for writing
 */
    file_readonly = FALSE;
    if (read_stdin)
    {
#if defined(MSDOS) || defined(MSWIN) || defined(OS2)
    /* Force binary I/O on stdin to avoid CR-LF -> LF conversion. */
    setmode(0, O_BINARY);
#endif
    }
    else if (!read_buffer)
    {
#ifdef USE_MCH_ACCESS
    if (
# ifdef UNIX
        !(perm & 0222) ||
# endif
                mch_access((char *)fname, W_OK))
        file_readonly = TRUE;
    fd = mch_open((char *)fname, O_RDONLY | O_EXTRA, 0);
#else
    if (!newfile
        || readonlymode
        || (fd = mch_open((char *)fname, O_RDWR | O_EXTRA, 0)) < 0)
    {
        file_readonly = TRUE;
        /* try to open ro */
        fd = mch_open((char *)fname, O_RDONLY | O_EXTRA, 0);
    }
#endif
    }

    if (fd < 0)                /* cannot open at all */
    {
#ifndef UNIX
    int    isdir_f;
#endif
    msg_scroll = msg_save;
#ifndef UNIX
    /*
     * On MSDOS and Amiga we can't open a directory, check here.
     */
    isdir_f = (mch_isdir(fname));
    perm = mch_getperm(fname);  /* check if the file exists */
    if (isdir_f)
    {
        filemess(curbuf, sfname, (char_u *)_("is a directory"), 0);
        curbuf->b_p_ro = TRUE;    /* must use "w!" now */
    }
    else
#endif
        if (newfile)
        {
        if (perm < 0)
        {
            /*
             * Set the 'new-file' flag, so that when the file has
             * been created by someone else, a ":w" will complain.
             */
            curbuf->b_flags |= BF_NEW;

            /* Create a swap file now, so that other Vims are warned
             * that we are editing this file.  Don't do this for a
             * "nofile" or "nowrite" buffer type. */
#ifdef FEAT_QUICKFIX
            if (!bt_dontwrite(curbuf))
#endif
            check_need_swap(newfile);
            filemess(curbuf, sfname, (char_u *)_("[New File]"), 0);
#ifdef FEAT_VIMINFO
            /* Even though this is a new file, it might have been
             * edited before and deleted.  Get the old marks. */
            check_marks_read();
#endif
#ifdef FEAT_AUTOCMD
            apply_autocmds_exarg(EVENT_BUFNEWFILE, sfname, sfname,
                              FALSE, curbuf, eap);
#endif
            /* remember the current fileformat */
            save_file_ff(curbuf);

#if defined(FEAT_AUTOCMD) && defined(FEAT_EVAL)
            if (aborting())   /* autocmds may abort script processing */
            return FAIL;
#endif
            return OK;        /* a new file is not an error */
        }
        else
        {
            filemess(curbuf, sfname,
                       (char_u *)_("[Permission Denied]"), 0);
            curbuf->b_p_ro = TRUE;    /* must use "w!" now */
        }
        }

    return FAIL;
    }

    /*
     * Only set the 'ro' flag for readonly files the first time they are
     * loaded.    Help files always get readonly mode
     */
    if ((check_readonly && file_readonly) || curbuf->b_help)
    curbuf->b_p_ro = TRUE;

    if (newfile)
    {
    curbuf->b_p_eol = TRUE;
    curbuf->b_start_eol = TRUE;
#ifdef FEAT_MBYTE
    curbuf->b_p_bomb = FALSE;
#endif
    }

    /* Create a swap file now, so that other Vims are warned that we are
     * editing this file.
     * Don't do this for a "nofile" or "nowrite" buffer type. */
#ifdef FEAT_QUICKFIX
    if (!bt_dontwrite(curbuf))
#endif
    check_need_swap(newfile);

#if defined(FEAT_GUI_DIALOG) || defined(FEAT_CON_DIALOG)
    /* If "Quit" selected at ATTENTION dialog, don't load the file */
    if (swap_exists_action == SEA_QUIT)
    {
    if (!read_buffer && !read_stdin)
        close(fd);
    return FAIL;
    }
#endif

    ++no_wait_return;        /* don't wait for return yet */

    /*
     * Set '[ mark to the line above where the lines go (line 1 if zero).
     */
    curbuf->b_op_start.lnum = ((from == 0) ? 1 : from);
    curbuf->b_op_start.col = 0;

#ifdef FEAT_AUTOCMD
    if (!read_buffer)
    {
    int    m = msg_scroll;
    int    n = msg_scrolled;
    buf_T    *old_curbuf = curbuf;

    /*
     * The file must be closed again, the autocommands may want to change
     * the file before reading it.
     */
    if (!read_stdin)
        close(fd);        /* ignore errors */

    /*
     * The output from the autocommands should not overwrite anything and
     * should not be overwritten: Set msg_scroll, restore its value if no
     * output was done.
     */
    msg_scroll = TRUE;
    if (filtering)
        apply_autocmds_exarg(EVENT_FILTERREADPRE, NULL, sfname,
                              FALSE, curbuf, eap);
    else if (read_stdin)
        apply_autocmds_exarg(EVENT_STDINREADPRE, NULL, sfname,
                              FALSE, curbuf, eap);
    else if (newfile)
        apply_autocmds_exarg(EVENT_BUFREADPRE, NULL, sfname,
                              FALSE, curbuf, eap);
    else
        apply_autocmds_exarg(EVENT_FILEREADPRE, sfname, sfname,
                                FALSE, NULL, eap);
    if (msg_scrolled == n)
        msg_scroll = m;

#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
    if (aborting())        /* autocmds may abort script processing */
    {
        --no_wait_return;
        msg_scroll = msg_save;
        curbuf->b_p_ro = TRUE;    /* must use "w!" now */
        return FAIL;
    }
#endif
    /*
     * Don't allow the autocommands to change the current buffer.
     * Try to re-open the file.
     */
    if (!read_stdin && (curbuf != old_curbuf
        || (fd = mch_open((char *)fname, O_RDONLY | O_EXTRA, 0)) < 0))
    {
        --no_wait_return;
        msg_scroll = msg_save;
        if (fd < 0)
        EMSG(_("E200: *ReadPre autocommands made the file unreadable"));
        else
        EMSG(_("E201: *ReadPre autocommands must not change current buffer"));
        curbuf->b_p_ro = TRUE;    /* must use "w!" now */
        return FAIL;
    }
    }
#endif /* FEAT_AUTOCMD */

    /* Autocommands may add lines to the file, need to check if it is empty */
    wasempty = (curbuf->b_ml.ml_flags & ML_EMPTY);

    if (!recoverymode && !filtering && !(flags & READ_DUMMY))
    {
    /*
     * Show the user that we are busy reading the input.  Sometimes this
     * may take a while.  When reading from stdin another program may
     * still be running, don't move the cursor to the last line, unless
     * always using the GUI.
     */
    if (read_stdin)
    {
#ifndef ALWAYS_USE_GUI
        mch_msg(_("Vim: Reading from stdin...\n"));
#endif
#ifdef FEAT_GUI
        /* Also write a message in the GUI window, if there is one. */
        if (gui.in_use && !gui.dying && !gui.starting)
        {
        p = (char_u *)_("Reading from stdin...");
        gui_write(p, (int)STRLEN(p));
        }
#endif
    }
    else if (!read_buffer)
        filemess(curbuf, sfname, (char_u *)"", 0);
    }

    msg_scroll = FALSE;            /* overwrite the file message */

    /*
     * Set linecnt now, before the "retry" caused by a wrong guess for
     * fileformat, and after the autocommands, which may change them.
     */
    linecnt = curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count;

#ifdef FEAT_MBYTE
    /*
     * Decide which 'encoding' to use first.
     */
    if (eap != NULL && eap->force_enc != 0)
    {
    fenc = enc_canonize(eap->cmd + eap->force_enc);
    fenc_alloced = TRUE;
    }
    else if (curbuf->b_p_bin)
    {
    fenc = (char_u *)"";        /* binary: don't convert */
    fenc_alloced = FALSE;
    }
    else if (curbuf->b_help)
    {
    /* Help files are either utf-8 or latin1.  Try utf-8 first, if this
     * fails it must be latin1.  Only do this when 'encoding' is utf-8 to
     * avoid [converted] remarks all the time. */
    fenc = (char_u *)"latin1";
    if (enc_utf8)
    {
        fenc_next = fenc;
        fenc = (char_u *)"utf-8";
    }
    fenc_alloced = FALSE;
    }
    else if (*p_fencs == NUL)
    {
    fenc = curbuf->b_p_fenc;    /* use format from buffer */
    fenc_alloced = FALSE;
    }
    else
    {
    fenc_next = p_fencs;        /* try items in 'fileencodings' */
    fenc = next_fenc(&fenc_next);
    fenc_alloced = TRUE;
    }
#endif

    /*
     * Jump back here to retry reading the file in different ways.
     * Reasons to retry:
     * - encoding conversion failed: try another one from "fenc_next"
     * - BOM detected and fenc was set, need to setup conversion
     * - "fileformat" check failed: try another
     *
     * Variables set for special retry actions:
     * "file_rewind"    Rewind the file to start reading it again.
     * "advance_fenc"    Advance "fenc" using "fenc_next".
     * "skip_read"    Re-use already read bytes (BOM detected).
     * "did_iconv"    iconv() conversion failed, try 'charconvert'.
     * "keep_fileformat" Don't reset "fileformat".
     *
     * Other status indicators:
     * "tmpname"    When != NULL did conversion with 'charconvert'.
     *            Output file has to be deleted afterwards.
     * "iconv_fd"    When != -1 did conversion with iconv().
     */
retry:

    if (file_rewind)
    {
    if (read_buffer)
    {
        read_buf_lnum = 1;
        read_buf_col = 0;
    }
    else if (read_stdin || lseek(fd, (off_t)0L, SEEK_SET) != 0)
    {
        /* Can't rewind the file, give up. */
        error = TRUE;
        goto failed;
    }
    /* Delete the previously read lines. */
    while (lnum > from)
        ml_delete(lnum--, FALSE);
    file_rewind = FALSE;
#ifdef FEAT_MBYTE
    if (newfile)
        curbuf->b_p_bomb = FALSE;
    conv_error = FALSE;
#endif
    }

    /*
     * When retrying with another "fenc" and the first time "fileformat"
     * will be reset.
     */
    if (keep_fileformat)
    keep_fileformat = FALSE;
    else
    {
    if (eap != NULL && eap->force_ff != 0)
        fileformat = get_fileformat_force(curbuf, eap);
    else if (curbuf->b_p_bin)
        fileformat = EOL_UNIX;        /* binary: use Unix format */
    else if (*p_ffs == NUL)
        fileformat = get_fileformat(curbuf);/* use format from buffer */
    else
        fileformat = EOL_UNKNOWN;        /* detect from file */
    }

#ifdef FEAT_MBYTE
# ifdef USE_ICONV
    if (iconv_fd != (iconv_t)-1)
    {
    /* aborted conversion with iconv(), close the descriptor */
    iconv_close(iconv_fd);
    iconv_fd = (iconv_t)-1;
    }
# endif

    if (advance_fenc)
    {
    /*
     * Try the next entry in 'fileencodings'.
     */
    advance_fenc = FALSE;

    if (eap != NULL && eap->force_enc != 0)
    {
        /* Conversion given with "++cc=" wasn't possible, read
         * without conversion. */
        notconverted = TRUE;
        conv_error = FALSE;
        if (fenc_alloced)
        vim_free(fenc);
        fenc = (char_u *)"";
        fenc_alloced = FALSE;
    }
    else
    {
        if (fenc_alloced)
        vim_free(fenc);
        if (fenc_next != NULL)
        {
        fenc = next_fenc(&fenc_next);
        fenc_alloced = (fenc_next != NULL);
        }
        else
        {
        fenc = (char_u *)"";
        fenc_alloced = FALSE;
        }
    }
    if (tmpname != NULL)
    {
        mch_remove(tmpname);        /* delete converted file */
        vim_free(tmpname);
        tmpname = NULL;
    }
    }

    /*
     * Conversion is required when the encoding of the file is different
     * from 'encoding' or 'encoding' is UTF-16, UCS-2 or UCS-4 (requires
     * conversion to UTF-8).
     */
    fio_flags = 0;
    converted = (*fenc != NUL && !same_encoding(p_enc, fenc));
    if (converted || enc_unicode != 0)
    {

    /* "ucs-bom" means we need to check the first bytes of the file
     * for a BOM. */
    if (STRCMP(fenc, ENC_UCSBOM) == 0)
        fio_flags = FIO_UCSBOM;

    /*
     * Check if UCS-2/4 or Latin1 to UTF-8 conversion needs to be
     * done.  This is handled below after read().  Prepare the
     * fio_flags to avoid having to parse the string each time.
     * Also check for Unicode to Latin1 conversion, because iconv()
     * appears not to handle this correctly.  This works just like
     * conversion to UTF-8 except how the resulting character is put in
     * the buffer.
     */
    else if (enc_utf8 || STRCMP(p_enc, "latin1") == 0)
        fio_flags = get_fio_flags(fenc);

# ifdef WIN3264
    /*
     * Conversion from an MS-Windows codepage to UTF-8 is handled here.
     */
    if (fio_flags == 0 && enc_utf8)
        fio_flags = get_win_fio_flags(fenc);
# endif

# ifdef USE_ICONV
    /*
     * Try using iconv() if we can't convert internally.
     */
    if (fio_flags == 0
#  ifdef FEAT_EVAL
        && !did_iconv
#  endif
        )
        iconv_fd = (iconv_t)my_iconv_open(
                  enc_utf8 ? (char_u *)"utf-8" : p_enc, fenc);
# endif

# ifdef FEAT_EVAL
    /*
     * Use the 'charconvert' expression when conversion is required
     * and we can't do it internally or with iconv().
     */
    if (fio_flags == 0 && !read_stdin && !read_buffer && *p_ccv != NUL
#  ifdef USE_ICONV
                            && iconv_fd == (iconv_t)-1
#  endif
        )
    {
#  ifdef USE_ICONV
        did_iconv = FALSE;
#  endif
        /* Skip conversion when it's already done (retry for wrong
         * "fileformat"). */
        if (tmpname == NULL)
        {
        tmpname = readfile_charconvert(fname, fenc, &fd);
        if (tmpname == NULL)
        {
            /* Conversion failed.  Try another one. */
            advance_fenc = TRUE;
            if (fd < 0)
            {
            /* Re-opening the original file failed! */
            EMSG(_("E202: Conversion made file unreadable!"));
            error = TRUE;
            goto failed;
            }
            goto retry;
        }
        }
    }
    else
# endif
    {
        if (fio_flags == 0
# ifdef USE_ICONV
            && iconv_fd == (iconv_t)-1
# endif
           )
        {
        /* Conversion wanted but we can't.
         * Try the next conversion in 'fileencodings' */
        advance_fenc = TRUE;
        goto retry;
        }
    }
    }

    /* Set can_retry when it's possible to rewind the file and try with
     * another "fenc" value.  It's FALSE when no other "fenc" to try, reading
     * stdin or "fenc" was specified with "++enc=". */
    can_retry = (*fenc != NUL && !read_stdin
                     && (eap == NULL || eap->force_enc == 0));
#endif

    if (!skip_read)
    {
    linerest = 0;
    filesize = 0;
    skip_count = lines_to_skip;
    read_count = lines_to_read;
#ifdef FEAT_MBYTE
    conv_restlen = 0;
#endif
    }

    while (!error && !got_int)
    {
    /*
     * We allocate as much space for the file as we can get, plus
     * space for the old line plus room for one terminating NUL.
     * The amount is limited by the fact that read() only can read
     * upto max_unsigned characters (and other things).
     */
#if SIZEOF_INT <= 2
    if (linerest >= 0x7ff0)
    {
        ++split;
        *ptr = NL;            /* split line by inserting a NL */
        size = 1;
    }
    else
#endif
    {
        if (!skip_read)
        {
#if SIZEOF_INT > 2
# ifdef __TANDEM
        size = SSIZE_MAX;            /* use max I/O size, 52K */
# else
        size = 0x10000L;            /* use buffer >= 64K */
# endif
#else
        size = 0x7ff0L - linerest;        /* limit buffer to 32K */
#endif

        for ( ; size >= 10; size = (long_u)size >> 1)
        {
            if ((new_buffer = lalloc((long_u)(size + linerest + 1),
                                  FALSE)) != NULL)
            break;
        }
        if (new_buffer == NULL)
        {
            do_outofmem_msg((long_u)(size * 2 + linerest + 1));
            error = TRUE;
            break;
        }
        if (linerest)    /* copy characters from the previous buffer */
            mch_memmove(new_buffer, ptr - linerest, (size_t)linerest);
        vim_free(buffer);
        buffer = new_buffer;
        ptr = buffer + linerest;
        line_start = buffer;

#ifdef FEAT_MBYTE
        /* May need room to translate into.
         * For iconv() we don't really know the required space, use a
         * factor ICONV_MULT.
         * latin1 to utf-8: 1 byte becomes up to 2 bytes
         * utf-16 to utf-8: 2 bytes become up to 3 bytes, 4 bytes
         * become up to 4 bytes, size must be multiple of 2
         * ucs-2 to utf-8: 2 bytes become up to 3 bytes, size must be
         * multiple of 2
         * ucs-4 to utf-8: 4 bytes become up to 6 bytes, size must be
         * multiple of 4 */
        real_size = size;
# ifdef USE_ICONV
        if (iconv_fd != (iconv_t)-1)
            size = size / ICONV_MULT;
        else
# endif
            if (fio_flags & FIO_LATIN1)
            size = size / 2;
        else if (fio_flags & (FIO_UCS2 | FIO_UTF16))
            size = (size * 2 / 3) & ~1;
        else if (fio_flags & FIO_UCS4)
            size = (size * 2 / 3) & ~3;
        else if (fio_flags == FIO_UCSBOM)
            size = size / ICONV_MULT;    /* worst case */
# ifdef WIN3264
        else if (fio_flags & FIO_CODEPAGE)
            size = size / ICONV_MULT;    /* also worst case */
# endif
#endif

#ifdef FEAT_MBYTE
        if (conv_restlen > 0)
        {
            /* Insert unconverted bytes from previous line. */
            mch_memmove(ptr, conv_rest, conv_restlen);
            ptr += conv_restlen;
            size -= conv_restlen;
        }
#endif

        if (read_buffer)
        {
            /*
             * Read bytes from curbuf.  Used for converting text read
             * from stdin.
             */
            if (read_buf_lnum > from)
            size = 0;
            else
            {
            int    n;
            long    tlen;

            tlen = 0;
            for (;;)
            {
                p = ml_get(read_buf_lnum) + read_buf_col;
                n = (int)STRLEN(p);
                if ((int)tlen + n + 1 > size)
                {
                /* Filled up to "size", append partial line. */
                n = size - tlen;
                mch_memmove(ptr + tlen, p, (size_t)n);
                read_buf_col += n;
                break;
                }
                else
                {
                /* Append whole line and new-line. */
                mch_memmove(ptr + tlen, p, (size_t)n);
                tlen += n;
                ptr[tlen++] = NL;
                read_buf_col = 0;
                if (++read_buf_lnum > from)
                {
                    /* When the last line didn't have an
                     * end-of-line don't add it now either. */
                    if (!curbuf->b_p_eol)
                    --tlen;
                    size = tlen;
                    break;
                }
                }
            }
            }
        }
        else
        {
            /*
             * Read bytes from the file.
             */
            size = vim_read(fd, ptr, size);
        }

        if (size <= 0)
        {
            if (size < 0)            /* read error */
            error = TRUE;
#ifdef FEAT_MBYTE
            else if (conv_restlen > 0)
            /* some trailing bytes unconverted */
            conv_error = TRUE;
#endif
        }

#ifdef FEAT_CRYPT
        /*
         * At start of file: Check for magic number of encryption.
         */
        if (filesize == 0)
            cryptkey = check_for_cryptkey(cryptkey, ptr, &size,
                              &filesize, newfile);
        /*
         * Decrypt the read bytes.
         */
        if (cryptkey != NULL && size > 0)
            for (p = ptr; p < ptr + size; ++p)
            ZDECODE(*p);
#endif
        }
        skip_read = FALSE;

#ifdef FEAT_MBYTE
        /*
         * At start of file (or after crypt magic number): Check for BOM.
         * Also check for a BOM for other Unicode encodings, but not after
         * converting with 'charconvert' or when a BOM has already been
         * found.
         */
        if ((filesize == 0
# ifdef FEAT_CRYPT
            || (filesize == CRYPT_MAGIC_LEN && cryptkey != NULL)
# endif
               )
            && (fio_flags == FIO_UCSBOM
            || (!curbuf->b_p_bomb
                && tmpname == NULL
                && (*fenc == 'u' || (*fenc == NUL && enc_utf8)))))
        {
        char_u    *ccname;
        int    blen;

        /* no BOM detection in a short file or in binary mode */
        if (size < 2 || curbuf->b_p_bin)
            ccname = NULL;
        else
            ccname = check_for_bom(ptr, size, &blen,
              fio_flags == FIO_UCSBOM ? FIO_ALL : get_fio_flags(fenc));
        if (ccname != NULL)
        {
            /* Remove BOM from the text */
            filesize += blen;
            size -= blen;
            mch_memmove(ptr, ptr + blen, (size_t)size);
            if (newfile)
            curbuf->b_p_bomb = TRUE;
        }

        if (fio_flags == FIO_UCSBOM)
        {
            if (ccname == NULL)
            {
            /* No BOM detected: retry with next encoding. */
            advance_fenc = TRUE;
            }
            else
            {
            /* BOM detected: set "fenc" and jump back */
            if (fenc_alloced)
                vim_free(fenc);
            fenc = ccname;
            fenc_alloced = FALSE;
            }
            /* retry reading without getting new bytes or rewinding */
            skip_read = TRUE;
            goto retry;
        }
        }
#endif
        /*
         * Break here for a read error or end-of-file.
         */
        if (size <= 0)
        break;

#ifdef FEAT_MBYTE

        /* Include not converted bytes. */
        ptr -= conv_restlen;
        size += conv_restlen;
        conv_restlen = 0;

# ifdef USE_ICONV
        if (iconv_fd != (iconv_t)-1)
        {
        /*
         * Attempt conversion of the read bytes to 'encoding' using
         * iconv().
         */
        const char    *fromp;
        char        *top;
        size_t        from_size;
        size_t        to_size;

        fromp = (char *)ptr;
        from_size = size;
        ptr += size;
        top = (char *)ptr;
        to_size = real_size - size;

        /*
         * If there is conversion error or not enough room try using
         * another conversion.
         */
        if ((iconv(iconv_fd, &fromp, &from_size, &top, &to_size)
                == (size_t)-1 && ICONV_ERRNO != ICONV_EINVAL)
                          || from_size > CONV_RESTLEN)
            goto rewind_retry;

        if (from_size > 0)
        {
            /* Some remaining characters, keep them for the next
             * round. */
            mch_memmove(conv_rest, (char_u *)fromp, from_size);
            conv_restlen = (int)from_size;
        }

        /* move the linerest to before the converted characters */
        line_start = ptr - linerest;
        mch_memmove(line_start, buffer, (size_t)linerest);
        size = (long)((char_u *)top - ptr);
        }
# endif

# ifdef WIN3264
        if (fio_flags & FIO_CODEPAGE)
        {
        /*
         * Conversion from an MS-Windows codepage to UTF-8, using
         * standard MS-Windows functions.
         */
        char_u    *ucsp;
        size_t    from_size;
        int    needed;
        char_u    *p;
        int    u8c;

        /*
         * We can't tell if the last byte of an MBCS string is valid
         * and MultiByteToWideChar() returns zero if it isn't.
         * Try the whole string, and if that fails, bump the last byte
         * into conv_rest and try again.
         */
        from_size = size;
        needed = MultiByteToWideChar(FIO_GET_CP(fio_flags),
                   MB_ERR_INVALID_CHARS, (LPCSTR)ptr, from_size,
                                     NULL, 0);
        if (needed == 0)
        {
            conv_rest[0] = ptr[from_size - 1];
            conv_restlen = 1;
            --from_size;
            needed = MultiByteToWideChar(FIO_GET_CP(fio_flags),
                   MB_ERR_INVALID_CHARS, (LPCSTR)ptr, from_size,
                                     NULL, 0);
        }

        /* If there really is a conversion error, try using another
         * conversion. */
        if (needed == 0)
            goto rewind_retry;

        /* Put the result of conversion to UCS-2 at the end of the
         * buffer, then convert from UCS-2 to UTF-8 into the start of
         * the buffer.  If there is not enough space just fail, there
         * is probably something wrong. */
        ucsp = ptr + real_size - (needed * sizeof(WCHAR));
        if (ucsp < ptr + size)
            goto rewind_retry;
        needed = MultiByteToWideChar(FIO_GET_CP(fio_flags),
                        MB_ERR_INVALID_CHARS, (LPCSTR)ptr,
                         from_size, (LPWSTR)ucsp, needed);

        /* Now go from UCS-2 to UTF-8. */
        p = ptr;
        for (; needed > 0; --needed)
        {
            u8c = *ucsp++;
            u8c += (*ucsp++ << 8);
            p += utf_char2bytes(u8c, p);
        }
        size = p - ptr;
        }
        else
# endif
        if (fio_flags != 0)
        {
        int    u8c;
        char_u    *dest;
        char_u    *tail = NULL;

        /*
         * "enc_utf8" set: Convert Unicode or Latin1 to UTF-8.
         * "enc_utf8" not set: Convert Unicode to Latin1.
         * Go from end to start through the buffer, because the number
         * of bytes may increase.
         * "dest" points to after where the UTF-8 bytes go, "p" points
         * to after the next character to convert.
         */
        dest = ptr + real_size;
        if (fio_flags == FIO_LATIN1 || fio_flags == FIO_UTF8)
        {
            p = ptr + size;
            if (fio_flags == FIO_UTF8)
            {
            /* Check for a trailing incomplete UTF-8 sequence */
            tail = ptr + size - 1;
            while (tail > ptr && (*tail & 0xc0) == 0x80)
                --tail;
            if (tail + utf_byte2len(*tail) <= ptr + size)
                tail = NULL;
            else
                p = tail;
            }
        }
        else if (fio_flags & (FIO_UCS2 | FIO_UTF16))
        {
            /* Check for a trailing byte */
            p = ptr + (size & ~1);
            if (size & 1)
            tail = p;
            if ((fio_flags & FIO_UTF16) && p > ptr)
            {
            /* Check for a trailing leading word */
            if (fio_flags & FIO_ENDIAN_L)
            {
                u8c = (*--p << 8);
                u8c += *--p;
            }
            else
            {
                u8c = *--p;
                u8c += (*--p << 8);
            }
            if (u8c >= 0xd800 && u8c <= 0xdbff)
                tail = p;
            else
                p += 2;
            }
        }
        else /*  FIO_UCS4 */
        {
            /* Check for trailing 1, 2 or 3 bytes */
            p = ptr + (size & ~3);
            if (size & 3)
            tail = p;
        }

        /* If there is a trailing incomplete sequence move it to
         * conv_rest[]. */
        if (tail != NULL)
        {
            conv_restlen = (int)((ptr + size) - tail);
            mch_memmove(conv_rest, (char_u *)tail, conv_restlen);
            size -= conv_restlen;
        }


        while (p > ptr)
        {
            if (fio_flags & FIO_LATIN1)
            u8c = *--p;
            else if (fio_flags & (FIO_UCS2 | FIO_UTF16))
            {
            if (fio_flags & FIO_ENDIAN_L)
            {
                u8c = (*--p << 8);
                u8c += *--p;
            }
            else
            {
                u8c = *--p;
                u8c += (*--p << 8);
            }
            if ((fio_flags & FIO_UTF16)
                        && u8c >= 0xdc00 && u8c <= 0xdfff)
            {
                int u16c;

                if (p == ptr)
                {
                /* Missing leading word. */
                if (can_retry)
                    goto rewind_retry;
                conv_error = TRUE;
                }

                /* found second word of double-word, get the first
                 * word and compute the resulting character */
                if (fio_flags & FIO_ENDIAN_L)
                {
                u16c = (*--p << 8);
                u16c += *--p;
                }
                else
                {
                u16c = *--p;
                u16c += (*--p << 8);
                }
                /* Check if the word is indeed a leading word. */
                if (u16c < 0xd800 || u16c > 0xdbff)
                {
                if (can_retry)
                    goto rewind_retry;
                conv_error = TRUE;
                }
                u8c = 0x10000 + ((u16c & 0x3ff) << 10)
                                  + (u8c & 0x3ff);
            }
            }
            else if (fio_flags & FIO_UCS4)
            {
            if (fio_flags & FIO_ENDIAN_L)
            {
                u8c = (*--p << 24);
                u8c += (*--p << 16);
                u8c += (*--p << 8);
                u8c += *--p;
            }
            else    /* big endian */
            {
                u8c = *--p;
                u8c += (*--p << 8);
                u8c += (*--p << 16);
                u8c += (*--p << 24);
            }
            }
            else    /* UTF-8 */
            {
            if (*--p < 0x80)
                u8c = *p;
            else
            {
                len = utf_head_off(ptr, p);
                if (len == 0)
                {
                /* Not a valid UTF-8 character, retry with
                 * another fenc when possible, otherwise just
                 * report the error. */
                if (can_retry)
                    goto rewind_retry;
                conv_error = TRUE;
                }
                p -= len;
                u8c = utf_ptr2char(p);
            }
            }
            if (enc_utf8)    /* produce UTF-8 */
            {
            dest -= utf_char2len(u8c);
            (void)utf_char2bytes(u8c, dest);
            }
            else        /* produce Latin1 */
            {
            --dest;
            if (u8c >= 0x100)
            {
                /* character doesn't fit in latin1, retry with
                 * another fenc when possible, otherwise just
                 * report the error. */
                if (can_retry)
                goto rewind_retry;
                *dest = 0xBF;
                conv_error = TRUE;
            }
            else
                *dest = u8c;
            }
        }

        /* move the linerest to before the converted characters */
        line_start = dest - linerest;
        mch_memmove(line_start, buffer, (size_t)linerest);
        size = (long)((ptr + real_size) - dest);
        ptr = dest;
        }
        else if (enc_utf8 && !conv_error && !curbuf->b_p_bin)
        {
        /* Reading UTF-8: Check if the bytes are valid UTF-8.
         * Need to start before "ptr" when part of the character was
         * read in the previous read() call. */
        for (p = ptr - utf_head_off(buffer, ptr); p < ptr + size; ++p)
        {
            if (*p >= 0x80)
            {
            len = utf_ptr2len_check(p);
            /* A length of 1 means it's an illegal byte.  Accept
             * an incomplete character at the end though, the next
             * read() will get the next bytes, we'll check it
             * then. */
            if (len == 1)
            {
                p += utf_byte2len(*p) - 1;
                break;
            }
            p += len - 1;
            }
        }
        if (p < ptr + size)
        {
            /* Detected a UTF-8 error. */
            if (can_retry)
            {
rewind_retry:
            /* Retry reading with another conversion. */
# if defined(FEAT_EVAL) && defined(USE_ICONV)
            if (*p_ccv != NUL && iconv_fd != (iconv_t)-1)
                /* iconv() failed, try 'charconvert' */
                did_iconv = TRUE;
            else
# endif
                /* use next item from 'fileencodings' */
                advance_fenc = TRUE;
            file_rewind = TRUE;
            goto retry;
            }

            /* There is no alternative fenc, just report the error. */
# ifdef USE_ICONV
            if (iconv_fd != (iconv_t)-1)
            conv_error = TRUE;
            else
# endif
            {
            char_u        *s;

            /* Estimate the line number. */
            illegal_byte = curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count - linecnt + 1;
            for (s = ptr; s < p; ++s)
                if (*s == '\n')
                ++illegal_byte;
            }
        }
        }
#endif

        /* count the number of characters (after conversion!) */
        filesize += size;

        /*
         * when reading the first part of a file: guess EOL type
         */
        if (fileformat == EOL_UNKNOWN)
        {
        /* First try finding a NL, for Dos and Unix */
        if (try_dos || try_unix)
        {
            for (p = ptr; p < ptr + size; ++p)
            {
            if (*p == NL)
            {
                if (!try_unix
                    || (try_dos && p > ptr && p[-1] == CR))
                fileformat = EOL_DOS;
                else
                fileformat = EOL_UNIX;
                break;
            }
            }

            /* Don't give in to EOL_UNIX if EOL_MAC is more likely */
            if (fileformat == EOL_UNIX && try_mac)
            {
            /* Need to reset the counters when retrying fenc. */
            try_mac = 1;
            try_unix = 1;
            for (; p >= ptr && *p != CR; p--)
                ;
            if (p >= ptr)
            {
                for (p = ptr; p < ptr + size; ++p)
                {
                if (*p == NL)
                    try_unix++;
                else if (*p == CR)
                    try_mac++;
                }
                if (try_mac > try_unix)
                fileformat = EOL_MAC;
            }
            }
        }

        /* No NL found: may use Mac format */
        if (fileformat == EOL_UNKNOWN && try_mac)
            fileformat = EOL_MAC;

        /* Still nothing found?  Use first format in 'ffs' */
        if (fileformat == EOL_UNKNOWN)
            fileformat = default_fileformat();

        /* if editing a new file: may set p_tx and p_ff */
        if (newfile)
            set_fileformat(fileformat, OPT_LOCAL);
        }
    }

    /*
     * This loop is executed once for every character read.
     * Keep it fast!
     */
    if (fileformat == EOL_MAC)
    {
        --ptr;
        while (++ptr, --size >= 0)
        {
        /* catch most common case first */
        if ((c = *ptr) != NUL && c != CR && c != NL)
            continue;
        if (c == NUL)
            *ptr = NL;    /* NULs are replaced by newlines! */
        else if (c == NL)
            *ptr = CR;    /* NLs are replaced by CRs! */
        else
        {
            if (skip_count == 0)
            {
            *ptr = NUL;        /* end of line */
            len = (colnr_T) (ptr - line_start + 1);
            if (ml_append(lnum, line_start, len, newfile) == FAIL)
            {
                error = TRUE;
                break;
            }
            ++lnum;
            if (--read_count == 0)
            {
                error = TRUE;        /* break loop */
                line_start = ptr;    /* nothing left to write */
                break;
            }
            }
            else
            --skip_count;
            line_start = ptr + 1;
        }
        }
    }
    else
    {
        --ptr;
        while (++ptr, --size >= 0)
        {
        if ((c = *ptr) != NUL && c != NL)  /* catch most common case */
            continue;
        if (c == NUL)
            *ptr = NL;    /* NULs are replaced by newlines! */
        else
        {
            if (skip_count == 0)
            {
            *ptr = NUL;        /* end of line */
            len = (colnr_T)(ptr - line_start + 1);
            if (fileformat == EOL_DOS)
            {
                if (ptr[-1] == CR)    /* remove CR */
                {
                ptr[-1] = NUL;
                --len;
                }
                /*
                 * Reading in Dos format, but no CR-LF found!
                 * When 'fileformats' includes "unix", delete all
                 * the lines read so far and start all over again.
                 * Otherwise give an error message later.
                 */
                else if (ff_error != EOL_DOS)
                {
                if (   try_unix
                    && !read_stdin
                    && (read_buffer
                    || lseek(fd, (off_t)0L, SEEK_SET) == 0))
                {
                    fileformat = EOL_UNIX;
                    if (newfile)
                    set_fileformat(EOL_UNIX, OPT_LOCAL);
                    file_rewind = TRUE;
                    keep_fileformat = TRUE;
                    goto retry;
                }
                ff_error = EOL_DOS;
                }
            }
            if (ml_append(lnum, line_start, len, newfile) == FAIL)
            {
                error = TRUE;
                break;
            }
            ++lnum;
            if (--read_count == 0)
            {
                error = TRUE;        /* break loop */
                line_start = ptr;    /* nothing left to write */
                break;
            }
            }
            else
            --skip_count;
            line_start = ptr + 1;
        }
        }
    }
    linerest = (long)(ptr - line_start);
    ui_breakcheck();
    }

failed:
    /* not an error, max. number of lines reached */
    if (error && read_count == 0)
    error = FALSE;

    /*
     * If we get EOF in the middle of a line, note the fact and
     * complete the line ourselves.
     * In Dos format ignore a trailing CTRL-Z, unless 'binary' set.
     */
    if (!error
        && !got_int
        && linerest != 0
        && !(!curbuf->b_p_bin
        && fileformat == EOL_DOS
        && *line_start == Ctrl_Z
        && ptr == line_start + 1))
    {
    if (newfile)            /* remember for when writing */
        curbuf->b_p_eol = FALSE;
    *ptr = NUL;
    if (ml_append(lnum, line_start,
            (colnr_T)(ptr - line_start + 1), newfile) == FAIL)
        error = TRUE;
    else
        read_no_eol_lnum = ++lnum;
    }

    if (newfile)
    save_file_ff(curbuf);        /* remember the current file format */

#ifdef FEAT_CRYPT
    if (cryptkey != curbuf->b_p_key)
    vim_free(cryptkey);
#endif

#ifdef FEAT_MBYTE
    /* If editing a new file: set 'fenc' for the current buffer. */
    if (newfile)
    set_string_option_direct((char_u *)"fenc", -1, fenc,
                              OPT_FREE|OPT_LOCAL);
    if (fenc_alloced)
    vim_free(fenc);
# ifdef USE_ICONV
    if (iconv_fd != (iconv_t)-1)
    {
    iconv_close(iconv_fd);
    iconv_fd = (iconv_t)-1;
    }
# endif
#endif

    if (!read_buffer && !read_stdin)
    close(fd);                /* errors are ignored */
    vim_free(buffer);

#ifdef HAVE_DUP
    if (read_stdin)
    {
    /* Use stderr for stdin, makes shell commands work. */
    close(0);
    dup(2);
    }
#endif

#ifdef FEAT_MBYTE
    if (tmpname != NULL)
    {
    mch_remove(tmpname);        /* delete converted file */
    vim_free(tmpname);
    }
#endif
    --no_wait_return;            /* may wait for return now */

    /*
     * In recovery mode everything but autocommands is skipped.
     */
    if (!recoverymode)
    {
    /* need to delete the last line, which comes from the empty buffer */
    if (newfile && wasempty && !(curbuf->b_ml.ml_flags & ML_EMPTY))
    {
#ifdef FEAT_NETBEANS_INTG
        netbeansFireChanges = 0;
#endif
        ml_delete(curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count, FALSE);
#ifdef FEAT_NETBEANS_INTG
        netbeansFireChanges = 1;
#endif
        --linecnt;
    }
    linecnt = curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count - linecnt;
    if (filesize == 0)
        linecnt = 0;
    if (newfile || read_buffer)
        redraw_curbuf_later(NOT_VALID);
    else if (linecnt)        /* appended at least one line */
        appended_lines_mark(from, linecnt);

#ifdef FEAT_DIFF
    /* After reading the text into the buffer the diff info needs to be
     * updated. */
    if ((newfile || read_buffer))
        diff_invalidate();
#endif
#ifndef ALWAYS_USE_GUI
    /*
     * If we were reading from the same terminal as where messages go,
     * the screen will have been messed up.
     * Switch on raw mode now and clear the screen.
     */
    if (read_stdin)
    {
        settmode(TMODE_RAW);    /* set to raw mode */
        starttermcap();
        screenclear();
    }
#endif

    if (got_int)
    {
        if (!(flags & READ_DUMMY))
        {
        filemess(curbuf, sfname, (char_u *)_(e_interr), 0);
        if (newfile)
            curbuf->b_p_ro = TRUE;    /* must use "w!" now */
        }
        msg_scroll = msg_save;
#ifdef FEAT_VIMINFO
        check_marks_read();
#endif
        return OK;        /* an interrupt isn't really an error */
    }

    if (!filtering && !(flags & READ_DUMMY))
    {
        msg_add_fname(curbuf, sfname);   /* fname in IObuff with quotes */
        c = FALSE;

#ifdef UNIX
# ifdef S_ISFIFO
        if (S_ISFIFO(perm))                /* fifo or socket */
        {
        STRCAT(IObuff, _("[fifo/socket]"));
        c = TRUE;
        }
# else
#  ifdef S_IFIFO
        if ((perm & S_IFMT) == S_IFIFO)        /* fifo */
        {
        STRCAT(IObuff, _("[fifo]"));
        c = TRUE;
        }
#  endif
#  ifdef S_IFSOCK
        if ((perm & S_IFMT) == S_IFSOCK)        /* or socket */
        {
        STRCAT(IObuff, _("[socket]"));
        c = TRUE;
        }
#  endif
# endif
#endif
        if (curbuf->b_p_ro)
        {
        STRCAT(IObuff, shortmess(SHM_RO) ? _("[RO]") : _("[readonly]"));
        c = TRUE;
        }
        if (read_no_eol_lnum)
        {
        msg_add_eol();
        c = TRUE;
        }
        if (ff_error == EOL_DOS)
        {
        STRCAT(IObuff, _("[CR missing]"));
        c = TRUE;
        }
        if (ff_error == EOL_MAC)
        {
        STRCAT(IObuff, _("[NL found]"));
        c = TRUE;
        }
        if (split)
        {
        STRCAT(IObuff, _("[long lines split]"));
        c = TRUE;
        }
#ifdef FEAT_MBYTE
        if (notconverted)
        {
        STRCAT(IObuff, _("[NOT converted]"));
        c = TRUE;
        }
        else if (converted)
        {
        STRCAT(IObuff, _("[converted]"));
        c = TRUE;
        }
#endif
#ifdef FEAT_CRYPT
        if (cryptkey != NULL)
        {
        STRCAT(IObuff, _("[crypted]"));
        c = TRUE;
        }
#endif
#ifdef FEAT_MBYTE
        if (conv_error)
        {
        STRCAT(IObuff, _("[CONVERSION ERROR]"));
        c = TRUE;
        }
        else if (illegal_byte > 0)
        {
        sprintf((char *)IObuff + STRLEN(IObuff),
             _("[ILLEGAL BYTE in line %ld]"), (long)illegal_byte);
        c = TRUE;
        }
        else
#endif
        if (error)
        {
        STRCAT(IObuff, _("[READ ERRORS]"));
        c = TRUE;
        }
        if (msg_add_fileformat(fileformat))
        c = TRUE;
#ifdef FEAT_CRYPT
        if (cryptkey != NULL)
        msg_add_lines(c, (long)linecnt, filesize - CRYPT_MAGIC_LEN);
        else
#endif
        msg_add_lines(c, (long)linecnt, filesize);

        vim_free(keep_msg);
        keep_msg = NULL;
        msg_scrolled_ign = TRUE;
#ifdef ALWAYS_USE_GUI
        /* Don't show the message when reading stdin, it would end up in a
         * message box (which might be shown when exiting!) */
        if (read_stdin || read_buffer)
        p = msg_may_trunc(FALSE, IObuff);
        else
#endif
        p = msg_trunc_attr(IObuff, FALSE, 0);
        if (read_stdin || read_buffer || restart_edit != 0
            || (msg_scrolled && !need_wait_return))
        {
        /* Need to repeat the message after redrawing when:
         * - When reading from stdin (the screen will be cleared next).
         * - When restart_edit is set (otherwise there will be a delay
         *   before redrawing).
         * - When the screen was scrolled but there is no wait-return
         *   prompt. */
        set_keep_msg(p);
        keep_msg_attr = 0;
        }
        msg_scrolled_ign = FALSE;
    }

    /* with errors writing the file requires ":w!" */
    if (newfile && (error
#ifdef FEAT_MBYTE
            || conv_error
#endif
            ))
        curbuf->b_p_ro = TRUE;

    u_clearline();        /* cannot use "U" command after adding lines */

    /*
     * In Ex mode: cursor at last new line.
     * Otherwise: cursor at first new line.
     */
    if (exmode_active)
        curwin->w_cursor.lnum = from + linecnt;
    else
        curwin->w_cursor.lnum = from + 1;
    check_cursor_lnum();
    beginline(BL_WHITE | BL_FIX);        /* on first non-blank */

    /*
     * Set '[ and '] marks to the newly read lines.
     */
    curbuf->b_op_start.lnum = from + 1;
    curbuf->b_op_start.col = 0;
    curbuf->b_op_end.lnum = from + linecnt;
    curbuf->b_op_end.col = 0;
    }
    msg_scroll = msg_save;

#ifdef FEAT_VIMINFO
    /*
     * Get the marks before executing autocommands, so they can be used there.
     */
    check_marks_read();
#endif

#ifdef FEAT_AUTOCMD
    /*
     * Trick: We remember if the last line of the read didn't have
     * an eol for when writing it again.  This is required for
     * ":autocmd FileReadPost *.gz set bin|'[,']!gunzip" to work.
     */
    write_no_eol_lnum = read_no_eol_lnum;

    if (!read_stdin && !read_buffer)
    {
    int m = msg_scroll;
    int n = msg_scrolled;

    /* Save the fileformat now, otherwise the buffer will be considered
     * modified if the format/encoding was automatically detected. */
    if (newfile)
        save_file_ff(curbuf);

    /*
     * The output from the autocommands should not overwrite anything and
     * should not be overwritten: Set msg_scroll, restore its value if no
     * output was done.
     */
    msg_scroll = TRUE;
    if (filtering)
        apply_autocmds_exarg(EVENT_FILTERREADPOST, NULL, sfname,
                              FALSE, curbuf, eap);
    else if (newfile)
        apply_autocmds_exarg(EVENT_BUFREADPOST, NULL, sfname,
                              FALSE, curbuf, eap);
    else
        apply_autocmds_exarg(EVENT_FILEREADPOST, sfname, sfname,
                                FALSE, NULL, eap);
    if (msg_scrolled == n)
        msg_scroll = m;
#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
    if (aborting())        /* autocmds may abort script processing */
        return FAIL;
#endif
    }
#endif

    if (recoverymode && error)
    return FAIL;
    return OK;
}

/*
 * Fill "*eap" to force the 'fileencoding' and 'fileformat' to be equal to the
 * buffer "buf".  Used for calling readfile().
 * Returns OK or FAIL.
 */
    int
prep_exarg(eap, buf)
    exarg_T    *eap;
    buf_T    *buf;
{
    eap->cmd = alloc((unsigned)(STRLEN(buf->b_p_ff)
#ifdef FEAT_MBYTE
        + STRLEN(buf->b_p_fenc)
#endif
                         + 15));
    if (eap->cmd == NULL)
    return FAIL;

#ifdef FEAT_MBYTE
    sprintf((char *)eap->cmd, "e ++ff=%s ++enc=%s", buf->b_p_ff, buf->b_p_fenc);
    eap->force_enc = 14 + (int)STRLEN(buf->b_p_ff);
#else
    sprintf((char *)eap->cmd, "e ++ff=%s", buf->b_p_ff);
#endif
    eap->force_ff = 7;
    return OK;
}

#ifdef FEAT_MBYTE
/*
 * Find next fileencoding to use from 'fileencodings'.
 * "pp" points to fenc_next.  It's advanced to the next item.
 * When there are no more items, an empty string is returned and *pp is set to
 * NULL.
 * When *pp is not set to NULL, the result is in allocated memory.
 */
    static char_u *
next_fenc(pp)
    char_u    **pp;
{
    char_u    *p;
    char_u    *r;

    if (**pp == NUL)
    {
    *pp = NULL;
    return (char_u *)"";
    }
    p = vim_strchr(*pp, ',');
    if (p == NULL)
    {
    r = enc_canonize(*pp);
    *pp += STRLEN(*pp);
    }
    else
    {
    r = vim_strnsave(*pp, (int)(p - *pp));
    *pp = p + 1;
    if (r != NULL)
    {
        p = enc_canonize(r);
        vim_free(r);
        r = p;
    }
    }
    if (r == NULL)    /* out of memory */
    {
    r = (char_u *)"";
    *pp = NULL;
    }
    return r;
}

# ifdef FEAT_EVAL
/*
 * Convert a file with the 'charconvert' expression.
 * This closes the file which is to be read, converts it and opens the
 * resulting file for reading.
 * Returns name of the resulting converted file (the caller should delete it
 * after reading it).
 * Returns NULL if the conversion failed ("*fdp" is not set) .
 */
    static char_u *
readfile_charconvert(fname, fenc, fdp)
    char_u    *fname;        /* name of input file */
    char_u    *fenc;        /* converted from */
    int        *fdp;        /* in/out: file descriptor of file */
{
    char_u    *tmpname;
    char_u    *errmsg = NULL;

    tmpname = vim_tempname('r');
    if (tmpname == NULL)
    errmsg = (char_u *)_("Can't find temp file for conversion");
    else
    {
    close(*fdp);        /* close the input file, ignore errors */
    *fdp = -1;
    if (eval_charconvert(fenc, enc_utf8 ? (char_u *)"utf-8" : p_enc,
                              fname, tmpname) == FAIL)
        errmsg = (char_u *)_("Conversion with 'charconvert' failed");
    if (errmsg == NULL && (*fdp = mch_open((char *)tmpname,
                          O_RDONLY | O_EXTRA, 0)) < 0)
        errmsg = (char_u *)_("can't read output of 'charconvert'");
    }

    if (errmsg != NULL)
    {
    /* Don't use emsg(), it breaks mappings, the retry with
     * another type of conversion might still work. */
    MSG(errmsg);
    if (tmpname != NULL)
    {
        mch_remove(tmpname);    /* delete converted file */
        vim_free(tmpname);
        tmpname = NULL;
    }
    }

    /* If the input file is closed, open it (caller should check for error). */
    if (*fdp < 0)
    *fdp = mch_open((char *)fname, O_RDONLY | O_EXTRA, 0);

    return tmpname;
}
# endif

#endif

#ifdef FEAT_VIMINFO
    static void
check_marks_read()
{
    if (!curbuf->b_marks_read && get_viminfo_parameter('\'') > 0)
    {
    read_viminfo(NULL, FALSE, TRUE, FALSE);
    curbuf->b_marks_read = TRUE;
    }
}
#endif

#ifdef FEAT_CRYPT
/*
 * Check for magic number used for encryption.
 * If found, the magic number is removed from ptr[*sizep] and *sizep and
 * *filesizep are updated.
 * Return the (new) encryption key, NULL for no encryption.
 */
    static char_u *
check_for_cryptkey(cryptkey, ptr, sizep, filesizep, newfile)
    char_u    *cryptkey;    /* previous encryption key or NULL */
    char_u    *ptr;        /* pointer to read bytes */
    long    *sizep;        /* length of read bytes */
    long    *filesizep;    /* nr of bytes used from file */
    int        newfile;    /* editing a new buffer */
{
    if (*sizep >= CRYPT_MAGIC_LEN
        && STRNCMP(ptr, CRYPT_MAGIC, CRYPT_MAGIC_LEN) == 0)
    {
    if (cryptkey == NULL)
    {
        if (*curbuf->b_p_key)
        cryptkey = curbuf->b_p_key;
        else
        {
        /* When newfile is TRUE, store the typed key
         * in the 'key' option and don't free it. */
        cryptkey = get_crypt_key(newfile, FALSE);
        /* check if empty key entered */
        if (cryptkey != NULL && *cryptkey == NUL)
        {
            if (cryptkey != curbuf->b_p_key)
            vim_free(cryptkey);
            cryptkey = NULL;
        }
        }
    }

    if (cryptkey != NULL)
    {
        crypt_init_keys(cryptkey);

        /* Remove magic number from the text */
        *filesizep += CRYPT_MAGIC_LEN;
        *sizep -= CRYPT_MAGIC_LEN;
        mch_memmove(ptr, ptr + CRYPT_MAGIC_LEN, (size_t)*sizep);
    }
    }
    /* When starting to edit a new file which does not have
     * encryption, clear the 'key' option, except when
     * starting up (called with -x argument) */
    else if (newfile && *curbuf->b_p_key && !starting)
    set_option_value((char_u *)"key", 0L, (char_u *)"", OPT_LOCAL);

    return cryptkey;
}
#endif

#ifdef UNIX
    static void
set_file_time(fname, atime, mtime)
    char_u  *fname;
    time_t  atime;        /* access time */
    time_t  mtime;        /* modification time */
{
# if defined(HAVE_UTIME) && defined(HAVE_UTIME_H)
    struct utimbuf  buf;

    buf.actime    = atime;
    buf.modtime    = mtime;
    (void)utime((char *)fname, &buf);
# else
#  if defined(HAVE_UTIMES)
    struct timeval  tvp[2];

    tvp[0].tv_sec   = atime;
    tvp[0].tv_usec  = 0;
    tvp[1].tv_sec   = mtime;
    tvp[1].tv_usec  = 0;
#   ifdef NeXT
    (void)utimes((char *)fname, tvp);
#   else
    (void)utimes((char *)fname, &tvp);
#   endif
#  endif
# endif
}
#endif /* UNIX */

/*
 * buf_write() - write to file 'fname' lines 'start' through 'end'
 *
 * We do our own buffering here because fwrite() is so slow.
 *
 * If forceit is true, we don't care for errors when attempting backups (jw).
 * In case of an error everything possible is done to restore the original file.
 * But when forceit is TRUE, we risk loosing it.
 * When reset_changed is TRUE and start == 1 and end ==
 * curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count, reset curbuf->b_changed.
 *
 * This function must NOT use NameBuff (because it's called by autowrite()).
 *
 * return FAIL for failure, OK otherwise
 */
    int
buf_write(buf, fname, sfname, start, end, eap, append, forceit,
                              reset_changed, filtering)
    buf_T        *buf;
    char_u        *fname;
    char_u        *sfname;
    linenr_T        start, end;
    exarg_T        *eap;        /* for forced 'ff' and 'fenc', can be
                       NULL! */
    int            append;
    int            forceit;
    int            reset_changed;
    int            filtering;
{
    int            fd;
    char_u        *backup = NULL;
    int            backup_copy = FALSE; /* copy the original file? */
    int            dobackup;
    char_u        *ffname;
    char_u        *wfname = NULL;    /* name of file to write to */
    char_u        *s;
    char_u        *ptr;
    char_u        c;
    int            len;
    linenr_T        lnum;
    long        nchars;
    char_u        *errmsg = NULL;
    char_u        *errnum = NULL;
    char_u        *buffer;
    char_u        smallbuf[SMBUFSIZE];
    char_u        *backup_ext;
    int            bufsize;
    long        perm;            /* file permissions */
    int            retval = OK;
    int            newfile = FALSE;        /* TRUE if file doesn't exist yet */
    int            msg_save = msg_scroll;
    int            overwriting;        /* TRUE if writing over original */
    int            no_eol = FALSE;        /* no end-of-line written */
    int            device = FALSE;        /* writing to a device */
    struct stat        st_old;
    int            prev_got_int = got_int;
    int            file_readonly = FALSE;  /* overwritten file is read-only */
    static char        *err_readonly = "is read-only (cannot override: \"W\" in 'cpoptions')";
#if defined(UNIX) || defined(__EMX__XX)        /*XXX fix me sometime? */
    int            made_writable = FALSE;  /* 'w' bit has been set */
#endif
                    /* writing everything */
    int            whole = (start == 1 && end == buf->b_ml.ml_line_count);
#ifdef FEAT_AUTOCMD
    linenr_T        old_line_count = buf->b_ml.ml_line_count;
#endif
    int            attr;
    int            fileformat;
    struct bw_info  write_info;        /* info for buf_write_bytes() */
#ifdef FEAT_MBYTE
    int            converted = FALSE;
    int            notconverted = FALSE;
    char_u        *fenc;        /* effective 'fileencoding' */
    char_u        *fenc_tofree = NULL; /* allocated "fenc" */
#endif
#ifdef HAS_BW_FLAGS
    int            wb_flags = 0;
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_ACL
    vim_acl_T        acl = NULL;        /* ACL copied from original file to
                       backup or new file */
#endif

    if (fname == NULL || *fname == NUL)    /* safety check */
    return FAIL;

    /*
     * Disallow writing from .exrc and .vimrc in current directory for
     * security reasons.
     */
    if (check_secure())
    return FAIL;

    /* Avoid a crash for a long name. */
    if (STRLEN(fname) >= MAXPATHL)
    {
    EMSG(_(e_longname));
    return FAIL;
    }

#ifdef FEAT_MBYTE
    /* must init bw_conv_buf and bw_iconv_fd before jumping to "fail" */
    write_info.bw_conv_buf = NULL;
    write_info.bw_conv_error = FALSE;
    write_info.bw_restlen = 0;
# ifdef USE_ICONV
    write_info.bw_iconv_fd = (iconv_t)-1;
# endif
#endif

    /*
     * If there is no file name yet, use the one for the written file.
     * BF_NOTEDITED is set to reflect this (in case the write fails).
     * Don't do this when the write is for a filter command.
     * Only do this when 'cpoptions' contains the 'f' flag.
     */
    if (reset_changed
        && whole
        && buf == curbuf
        && curbuf->b_ffname == NULL
        && !filtering
        && vim_strchr(p_cpo, CPO_FNAMEW) != NULL)
    {
#ifdef FEAT_AUTOCMD
    /* It's like the unnamed buffer is deleted.... */
    if (curbuf->b_p_bl)
        apply_autocmds(EVENT_BUFDELETE, NULL, NULL, FALSE, curbuf);
    apply_autocmds(EVENT_BUFWIPEOUT, NULL, NULL, FALSE, curbuf);
#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
    if (aborting())        /* autocmds may abort script processing */
        return FAIL;
#endif
#endif
    if (setfname(fname, sfname, FALSE) == OK)
        curbuf->b_flags |= BF_NOTEDITED;
#ifdef FEAT_AUTOCMD
    /* ....and a new named one is created */
    apply_autocmds(EVENT_BUFNEW, NULL, NULL, FALSE, curbuf);
    if (curbuf->b_p_bl)
        apply_autocmds(EVENT_BUFADD, NULL, NULL, FALSE, curbuf);
#endif
    }

    if (sfname == NULL)
    sfname = fname;
    /*
     * For Unix: Use the short file name whenever possible.
     * Avoids problems with networks and when directory names are changed.
     * Don't do this for MS-DOS, a "cd" in a sub-shell may have moved us to
     * another directory, which we don't detect
     */
    ffname = fname;                /* remember full fname */
#ifdef UNIX
    fname = sfname;
#endif

    /* make sure we have a valid backup extension to use */
    if (*p_bex == NUL)
#ifdef RISCOS
    backup_ext = (char_u *)"/bak";
#else
    backup_ext = (char_u *)".bak";
#endif
    else
    backup_ext = p_bex;

    if (buf->b_ffname != NULL && fnamecmp(ffname, buf->b_ffname) == 0)
    overwriting = TRUE;
    else
    overwriting = FALSE;

    if (exiting)
    settmode(TMODE_COOK);        /* when exiting allow typahead now */

    ++no_wait_return;            /* don't wait for return yet */

    /*
     * Set '[ and '] marks to the lines to be written.
     */
    buf->b_op_start.lnum = start;
    buf->b_op_start.col = 0;
    buf->b_op_end.lnum = end;
    buf->b_op_end.col = 0;

#ifdef FEAT_AUTOCMD
    {
    aco_save_T    aco;
    int        buf_ffname = FALSE;
    int        buf_sfname = FALSE;
    int        buf_fname_f = FALSE;
    int        buf_fname_s = FALSE;
    int        did_cmd = FALSE;

    /*
     * Apply PRE aucocommands.
     * Set curbuf to the buffer to be written.
     * Careful: The autocommands may call buf_write() recursively!
     */
    if (ffname == buf->b_ffname)
        buf_ffname = TRUE;
    if (sfname == buf->b_sfname)
        buf_sfname = TRUE;
    if (fname == buf->b_ffname)
        buf_fname_f = TRUE;
    if (fname == buf->b_sfname)
        buf_fname_s = TRUE;

    /* set curwin/curbuf to buf and save a few things */
    aucmd_prepbuf(&aco, buf);

    if (append)
    {
        if (!(did_cmd = apply_autocmds_exarg(EVENT_FILEAPPENDCMD,
                     sfname, sfname, FALSE, curbuf, eap)))
        apply_autocmds_exarg(EVENT_FILEAPPENDPRE,
                      sfname, sfname, FALSE, curbuf, eap);
    }
    else if (filtering)
    {
        apply_autocmds_exarg(EVENT_FILTERWRITEPRE,
                        NULL, sfname, FALSE, curbuf, eap);
    }
    else if (reset_changed && whole)
    {
        if (!(did_cmd = apply_autocmds_exarg(EVENT_BUFWRITECMD,
                     sfname, sfname, FALSE, curbuf, eap)))
        apply_autocmds_exarg(EVENT_BUFWRITEPRE,
                      sfname, sfname, FALSE, curbuf, eap);
    }
    else
    {
        if (!(did_cmd = apply_autocmds_exarg(EVENT_FILEWRITECMD,
                     sfname, sfname, FALSE, curbuf, eap)))
        apply_autocmds_exarg(EVENT_FILEWRITEPRE,
                      sfname, sfname, FALSE, curbuf, eap);
    }

    /* restore curwin/curbuf and a few other things */
    aucmd_restbuf(&aco);

    /*
     * In three situations we return here and don't write the file:
     * 1. the autocommands deleted or unloaded the buffer.
     * 2. The autocommands abort script processing.
     * 3. If one of the "Cmd" autocommands was executed.
     */
    if (!buf_valid(buf))
        buf = NULL;
    if (buf == NULL || buf->b_ml.ml_mfp == NULL || did_cmd || aborting())
    {
        --no_wait_return;
        msg_scroll = msg_save;
        if (aborting())
        /* An aborting error, interrupt or exception in the
         * autocommands. */
        return FAIL;
        if (did_cmd)
        {
        if (buf == NULL)
            /* The buffer was deleted.  We assume it was written
             * (can't retry anyway). */
            return OK;
        if (overwriting)
        {
            /* Assume the buffer was written, update the timestamp. */
            ml_timestamp(buf);
            buf->b_flags &= ~BF_WRITE_MASK;
        }
        if (reset_changed && buf->b_changed)
            /* Buffer still changed, the autocommands didn't work
             * properly. */
            return FAIL;
        return OK;
        }
#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
        if (!aborting())
#endif
        EMSG(_("E203: Autocommands deleted or unloaded buffer to be written"));
        return FAIL;
    }

    /*
     * The autocommands may have changed the number of lines in the file.
     * When writing the whole file, adjust the end.
     * When writing part of the file, assume that the autocommands only
     * changed the number of lines that are to be written (tricky!).
     */
    if (buf->b_ml.ml_line_count != old_line_count)
    {
        if (whole)                        /* write all */
        end = buf->b_ml.ml_line_count;
        else if (buf->b_ml.ml_line_count > old_line_count)    /* more lines */
        end += buf->b_ml.ml_line_count - old_line_count;
        else                        /* less lines */
        {
        end -= old_line_count - buf->b_ml.ml_line_count;
        if (end < start)
        {
            --no_wait_return;
            msg_scroll = msg_save;
            EMSG(_("E204: Autocommand changed number of lines in unexpected way"));
            return FAIL;
        }
        }
    }

    /*
     * The autocommands may have changed the name of the buffer, which may
     * be kept in fname, ffname and sfname.
     */
    if (buf_ffname)
        ffname = buf->b_ffname;
    if (buf_sfname)
        sfname = buf->b_sfname;
    if (buf_fname_f)
        fname = buf->b_ffname;
    if (buf_fname_s)
        fname = buf->b_sfname;
    }
#endif

    if (shortmess(SHM_OVER) && !exiting)
    msg_scroll = FALSE;        /* overwrite previous file message */
    else
    msg_scroll = TRUE;        /* don't overwrite previous file message */
    if (!filtering)
    filemess(buf,
#ifndef UNIX
        sfname,
#else
        fname,
#endif
            (char_u *)"", 0);    /* show that we are busy */
    msg_scroll = FALSE;            /* always overwrite the file message now */

    buffer = alloc(BUFSIZE);
    if (buffer == NULL)            /* can't allocate big buffer, use small
                     * one (to be able to write when out of
                     * memory) */
    {
    buffer = smallbuf;
    bufsize = SMBUFSIZE;
    }
    else
    bufsize = BUFSIZE;

    /*
     * Get information about original file (if there is one).
     */
#if defined(UNIX) && !defined(ARCHIE)
    st_old.st_dev = st_old.st_ino = 0;
    perm = -1;
    if (mch_stat((char *)fname, &st_old) < 0)
    newfile = TRUE;
    else
    {
    perm = st_old.st_mode;
    if (!S_ISREG(st_old.st_mode))        /* not a file */
    {
        if (S_ISDIR(st_old.st_mode))
        {
        errnum = (char_u *)"E502: ";
        errmsg = (char_u *)_("is a directory");
        goto fail;
        }
        if (mch_nodetype(fname) != NODE_WRITABLE)
        {
        errnum = (char_u *)"E503: ";
        errmsg = (char_u *)_("is not a file or writable device");
        goto fail;
        }
        /* It's a device of some kind (or a fifo) which we can write to
         * but for which we can't make a backup. */
        device = TRUE;
        newfile = TRUE;
        perm = -1;
    }
    }
#else /* !UNIX */
    /*
     * Check for a writable device name.
     */
    c = mch_nodetype(fname);
    if (c == NODE_OTHER)
    {
    errnum = (char_u *)"E503: ";
    errmsg = (char_u *)_("is not a file or writable device");
    goto fail;
    }
    if (c == NODE_WRITABLE)
    {
    device = TRUE;
    newfile = TRUE;
    perm = -1;
    }
    else
    {
    perm = mch_getperm(fname);
    if (perm < 0)
        newfile = TRUE;
    else if (mch_isdir(fname))
    {
        errnum = (char_u *)"E502: ";
        errmsg = (char_u *)_("is a directory");
        goto fail;
    }
    if (overwriting)
        (void)mch_stat((char *)fname, &st_old);
    }
#endif /* !UNIX */

    if (!device && !newfile)
    {
    /*
     * Check if the file is really writable (when renaming the file to
     * make a backup we won't discover it later).
     */
    file_readonly = (
# ifdef USE_MCH_ACCESS
#  ifdef UNIX
            (perm & 0222) == 0 ||
#  endif
            mch_access((char *)fname, W_OK)
# else
            (fd = mch_open((char *)fname, O_RDWR | O_EXTRA, 0)) < 0
                           ? TRUE : (close(fd), FALSE)
# endif
            );
    if (!forceit && file_readonly)
    {
        if (vim_strchr(p_cpo, CPO_FWRITE) != NULL)
        {
        errnum = (char_u *)"E504: ";
        errmsg = (char_u *)_(err_readonly);
        }
        else
        {
        errnum = (char_u *)"E505: ";
        errmsg = (char_u *)_("is read-only (add ! to override)");
        }
        goto fail;
    }

    /*
     * Check if the timestamp hasn't changed since reading the file.
     */
    if (overwriting)
    {
        retval = check_mtime(buf, &st_old);
        if (retval == FAIL)
        goto fail;
    }
    }

#ifdef HAVE_ACL
    /*
     * For systems that support ACL: get the ACL from the original file.
     */
    if (!newfile)
    acl = mch_get_acl(fname);
#endif

    /*
     * If 'backupskip' is not empty, don't make a backup for some files.
     */
    dobackup = (p_wb || p_bk || *p_pm != NUL);
#ifdef FEAT_WILDIGN
    if (dobackup && *p_bsk != NUL && match_file_list(p_bsk, sfname, ffname))
    dobackup = FALSE;
#endif

    /*
     * Save the value of got_int and reset it.  We don't want a previous
     * interruption cancel writing, only hitting CTRL-C while writing should
     * abort it.
     */
    prev_got_int = got_int;
    got_int = FALSE;

    /* Mark the buffer as 'being saved' to prevent changed buffer warnings */
    buf->b_saving = TRUE;

    /*
     * If we are not appending or filtering, the file exists, and the
     * 'writebackup', 'backup' or 'patchmode' option is set, need a backup.
     * When 'patchmode' is set also make a backup when appending.
     *
     * Do not make any backup, if 'writebackup' and 'backup' are both switched
     * off.  This helps when editing large files on almost-full disks.
     */
    if (!(append && *p_pm == NUL) && !filtering && perm >= 0 && dobackup)
    {
    if (*p_bkc == 'y' || append)    /* "yes" */
        backup_copy = TRUE;
#if defined(UNIX) || defined(WIN32)
    else if (*p_bkc == 'a')        /* "auto" */
    {
        struct stat    st;
        int        i;

# ifdef UNIX
        /*
         * Don't rename the file when:
         * - it's a hard link
         * - it's a symbolic link
         * - we don't have write permission in the directory
         * - we can't set the owner/group of the new file
         */
        if (st_old.st_nlink > 1
            || mch_lstat((char *)fname, &st) < 0
            || st.st_dev != st_old.st_dev
            || st.st_ino != st_old.st_ino)
        backup_copy = TRUE;
        else
# endif
        {
        /*
         * Check if we can create a file and set the owner/group to
         * the ones from the original file.
         * First find a file name that doesn't exist yet (use some
         * arbitrary numbers).
         */
        STRCPY(IObuff, fname);
        for (i = 4913; ; i += 123)
        {
            sprintf((char *)gettail(IObuff), "%d", i);
            if (mch_stat((char *)IObuff, &st) < 0)
            break;
        }
        fd = mch_open((char *)IObuff, O_CREAT|O_WRONLY|O_EXCL, perm);
        close(fd);
        if (fd < 0)    /* can't write in directory */
            backup_copy = TRUE;
        else
        {
# ifdef UNIX
            chown((char *)IObuff, st_old.st_uid, st_old.st_gid);
            (void)mch_setperm(IObuff, perm);
            if (mch_stat((char *)IObuff, &st) < 0
                || st.st_uid != st_old.st_uid
                || st.st_gid != st_old.st_gid
                || st.st_mode != perm)
            backup_copy = TRUE;
# endif
            mch_remove(IObuff);
        }
        }
    }
#endif

    if (backup_copy
        && (fd = mch_open((char *)fname, O_RDONLY | O_EXTRA, 0)) >= 0)
    {
        int        bfd;
        char_u    *copybuf, *wp;
        int        some_error = FALSE;
        struct stat    st_new;
        char_u    *dirp;
        char_u    *rootname;
#ifndef SHORT_FNAME
        int        did_set_shortname;
#endif

        copybuf = alloc(BUFSIZE + 1);
        if (copybuf == NULL)
        {
        some_error = TRUE;        /* out of memory */
        goto nobackup;
        }

        /*
         * Try to make the backup in each directory in the 'bdir' option.
         *
         * Unix semantics has it, that we may have a writable file,
         * that cannot be recreated with a simple open(..., O_CREAT, ) e.g:
         *  - the directory is not writable,
         *  - the file may be a symbolic link,
         *  - the file may belong to another user/group, etc.
         *
         * For these reasons, the existing writable file must be truncated
         * and reused. Creation of a backup COPY will be attempted.
         */
        dirp = p_bdir;
        while (*dirp)
        {
#ifdef UNIX
        st_new.st_ino = 0;
        st_new.st_dev = 0;
        st_new.st_gid = 0;
#endif

        /*
         * Isolate one directory name, using an entry in 'bdir'.
         */
        (void)copy_option_part(&dirp, copybuf, BUFSIZE, ",");
        rootname = get_file_in_dir(fname, copybuf);
        if (rootname == NULL)
        {
            some_error = TRUE;        /* out of memory */
            goto nobackup;
        }

#ifndef SHORT_FNAME
        did_set_shortname = FALSE;
#endif

        /*
         * May try twice if 'shortname' not set.
         */
        for (;;)
        {
            /*
             * Make backup file name.
             */
            backup = buf_modname(
#ifdef SHORT_FNAME
                TRUE,
#else
                (buf->b_p_sn || buf->b_shortname),
#endif
                         rootname, backup_ext, FALSE);
            if (backup == NULL)
            {
            vim_free(rootname);
            some_error = TRUE;        /* out of memory */
            goto nobackup;
            }

            /*
             * Check if backup file already exists.
             */
            if (mch_stat((char *)backup, &st_new) >= 0)
            {
#ifdef UNIX
            /*
             * Check if backup file is same as original file.
             * May happen when modname() gave the same file back.
             * E.g. silly link, or file name-length reached.
             * If we don't check here, we either ruin the file
             * when copying or erase it after writing. jw.
             */
            if (st_new.st_dev == st_old.st_dev
                        && st_new.st_ino == st_old.st_ino)
            {
                vim_free(backup);
                backup = NULL;    /* no backup file to delete */
# ifndef SHORT_FNAME
                /*
                 * may try again with 'shortname' set
                 */
                if (!(buf->b_shortname || buf->b_p_sn))
                {
                buf->b_shortname = TRUE;
                did_set_shortname = TRUE;
                continue;
                }
                /* setting shortname didn't help */
                if (did_set_shortname)
                buf->b_shortname = FALSE;
# endif
                break;
            }
#endif

            /*
             * If we are not going to keep the backup file, don't
             * delete an existing one, try to use another name.
             * Change one character, just before the extension.
             */
            if (!p_bk)
            {
                wp = backup + STRLEN(backup) - 1
                             - STRLEN(backup_ext);
                if (wp < backup)    /* empty file name ??? */
                wp = backup;
                *wp = 'z';
                while (*wp > 'a'
                    && mch_stat((char *)backup, &st_new) >= 0)
                --*wp;
                /* They all exist??? Must be something wrong. */
                if (*wp == 'a')
                {
                vim_free(backup);
                backup = NULL;
                }
            }
            }
            break;
        }
        vim_free(rootname);

        /*
         * Try to create the backup file
         */
        if (backup != NULL)
        {
            /* remove old backup, if present */
            mch_remove(backup);
            /* Open with O_EXCL to avoid the file being created while
             * we were sleeping (symlink hacker attack?) */
            bfd = mch_open((char *)backup,
                       O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_EXTRA|O_EXCL, 0666);
            if (bfd < 0)
            {
            vim_free(backup);
            backup = NULL;
            }
            else
            {
            /* set file protection same as original file, but
             * strip s-bit */
            (void)mch_setperm(backup, perm & 0777);

#ifdef UNIX
            /*
             * Try to set the group of the backup same as the
             * original file. If this fails, set the protection
             * bits for the group same as the protection bits for
             * others.
             */
            if (st_new.st_gid != st_old.st_gid &&
# ifdef HAVE_FCHOWN  /* sequent-ptx lacks fchown() */
                    fchown(bfd, (uid_t)-1, st_old.st_gid) != 0
# else
              chown((char *)backup, (uid_t)-1, st_old.st_gid) != 0
# endif
                        )
                mch_setperm(backup,
                      (perm & 0707) | ((perm & 07) << 3));
#endif

            /*
             * copy the file.
             */
            write_info.bw_fd = bfd;
            write_info.bw_buf = copybuf;
#ifdef HAS_BW_FLAGS
            write_info.bw_flags = FIO_NOCONVERT;
#endif
            while ((write_info.bw_len = vim_read(fd, copybuf,
                                BUFSIZE)) > 0)
            {
                if (buf_write_bytes(&write_info) == FAIL)
                {
                errmsg = (char_u *)_("E506: Can't write to backup file (add ! to override)");
                break;
                }
                ui_breakcheck();
                if (got_int)
                {
                errmsg = (char_u *)_(e_interr);
                break;
                }
            }

            if (close(bfd) < 0 && errmsg == NULL)
                errmsg = (char_u *)_("E507: Close error for backup file (add ! to override)");
            if (write_info.bw_len < 0)
                errmsg = (char_u *)_("E508: Can't read file for backup (add ! to override)");
#ifdef UNIX
            set_file_time(backup, st_old.st_atime, st_old.st_mtime);
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_ACL
            mch_set_acl(backup, acl);
#endif
            break;
            }
        }
        }
    nobackup:
        close(fd);        /* ignore errors for closing read file */
        vim_free(copybuf);

        if (backup == NULL && errmsg == NULL)
        errmsg = (char_u *)_("E509: Cannot create backup file (add ! to override)");
        /* ignore errors when forceit is TRUE */
        if ((some_error || errmsg != NULL) && !forceit)
        {
        retval = FAIL;
        goto fail;
        }
        errmsg = NULL;
    }
    else
    {
        char_u    *dirp;
        char_u    *p;
        char_u    *rootname;

        /*
         * Make a backup by renaming the original file.
         */
        /*
         * If 'cpoptions' includes the "W" flag, we don't want to
         * overwrite a read-only file.  But rename may be possible
         * anyway, thus we need an extra check here.
         */
        if (file_readonly && vim_strchr(p_cpo, CPO_FWRITE) != NULL)
        {
        errnum = (char_u *)"E504: ";
        errmsg = (char_u *)_(err_readonly);
        goto fail;
        }

        /*
         *
         * Form the backup file name - change path/fo.o.h to
         * path/fo.o.h.bak Try all directories in 'backupdir', first one
         * that works is used.
         */
        dirp = p_bdir;
        while (*dirp)
        {
        /*
         * Isolate one directory name and make the backup file name.
         */
        (void)copy_option_part(&dirp, IObuff, IOSIZE, ",");
        rootname = get_file_in_dir(fname, IObuff);
        if (rootname == NULL)
            backup = NULL;
        else
        {
            backup = buf_modname(
#ifdef SHORT_FNAME
                TRUE,
#else
                (buf->b_p_sn || buf->b_shortname),
#endif
                         rootname, backup_ext, FALSE);
            vim_free(rootname);
        }

        if (backup != NULL)
        {
            /*
             * If we are not going to keep the backup file, don't
             * delete an existing one, try to use another name.
             * Change one character, just before the extension.
             */
            if (!p_bk && mch_getperm(backup) >= 0)
            {
            p = backup + STRLEN(backup) - 1 - STRLEN(backup_ext);
            if (p < backup)    /* empty file name ??? */
                p = backup;
            *p = 'z';
            while (*p > 'a' && mch_getperm(backup) >= 0)
                --*p;
            /* They all exist??? Must be something wrong! */
            if (*p == 'a')
            {
                vim_free(backup);
                backup = NULL;
            }
            }
        }
        if (backup != NULL)
        {

            /*
             * Delete any existing backup and move the current version to
             * the backup.    For safety, we don't remove the backup until
             * the write has finished successfully. And if the 'backup'
             * option is set, leave it around.
             */
            /*
             * If the renaming of the original file to the backup file
             * works, quit here.
             */
            if (vim_rename(fname, backup) == 0)
            break;

            vim_free(backup);   /* don't do the rename below */
            backup = NULL;
        }
        }
        if (backup == NULL && !forceit)
        {
        errmsg = (char_u *)_("E510: Can't make backup file (add ! to override)");
        goto fail;
        }
    }
    }

#if defined(UNIX) && !defined(ARCHIE)
    /* When using ":w!" and the file was read-only: make it writable */
    if (forceit && st_old.st_uid == getuid() && perm >= 0 && !(perm & 0200)
                     && vim_strchr(p_cpo, CPO_FWRITE) == NULL)
    {
    perm |= 0200;
    (void)mch_setperm(fname, perm);
    made_writable = TRUE;
    }
#endif

    /* When using ":w!" and writing to the current file, readonly makes no
     * sense, reset it */
    if (forceit && overwriting)
    {
    buf->b_p_ro = FALSE;
#ifdef FEAT_TITLE
    need_maketitle = TRUE;        /* set window title later */
#endif
#ifdef FEAT_WINDOWS
    status_redraw_all();        /* redraw status lines later */
#endif
    }

    if (end > buf->b_ml.ml_line_count)
    end = buf->b_ml.ml_line_count;
    if (buf->b_ml.ml_flags & ML_EMPTY)
    start = end + 1;

    /*
     * If the original file is being overwritten, there is a small chance that
     * we crash in the middle of writing. Therefore the file is preserved now.
     * This makes all block numbers positive so that recovery does not need
     * the original file.
     * Don't do this if there is a backup file and we are exiting.
     */
    if (reset_changed && !newfile && !otherfile(ffname)
                          && !(exiting && backup != NULL))
    {
    ml_preserve(buf, FALSE);
    if (got_int)
    {
        errmsg = (char_u *)_(e_interr);
        goto restore_backup;
    }
    }

#ifdef MACOS_CLASSIC /* TODO: Is it need for MACOS_X? (Dany) */
    /*
     * Before risking to lose the original file verify if there's
     * a resource fork to preserve, and if cannot be done warn
     * the users. This happens when overwriting without backups.
     */
    if (backup == NULL && overwriting && !append)
    if (mch_has_resource_fork(fname))
    {
        errmsg = (char_u *)_("E460: The resource fork would be lost (add ! to override)");
        goto restore_backup;
    }
#endif

#ifdef VMS
    vms_remove_version(fname); /* remove version */
#endif
    /* Default: write the the file directly.  May write to a temp file for
     * multi-byte conversion. */
    wfname = fname;

#ifdef FEAT_MBYTE
    /* Check for forced 'fileencoding' from "++opt=val" argument. */
    if (eap != NULL && eap->force_enc != 0)
    {
    fenc = eap->cmd + eap->force_enc;
    fenc = enc_canonize(fenc);
    fenc_tofree = fenc;
    }
    else
    fenc = buf->b_p_fenc;

    /*
     * The file needs to be converted when 'fileencoding' is set and
     * 'fileencoding' differs from 'encoding'.
     */
    converted = (*fenc != NUL && !same_encoding(p_enc, fenc));

    /*
     * Check if UTF-8 to UCS-2/4 or Latin1 conversion needs to be done.  Or
     * Latin1 to Unicode conversion.  This is handled in buf_write_bytes().
     * Prepare the flags for it and allocate bw_conv_buf when needed.
     */
    if (converted && (enc_utf8 || STRCMP(p_enc, "latin1") == 0))
    {
    wb_flags = get_fio_flags(fenc);
    if (wb_flags & (FIO_UCS2 | FIO_UCS4 | FIO_UTF16 | FIO_UTF8))
    {
        /* Need to allocate a buffer to translate into. */
        if (wb_flags & (FIO_UCS2 | FIO_UTF16 | FIO_UTF8))
        write_info.bw_conv_buflen = bufsize * 2;
        else /* FIO_UCS4 */
        write_info.bw_conv_buflen = bufsize * 4;
        write_info.bw_conv_buf
               = lalloc((long_u)write_info.bw_conv_buflen, TRUE);
        if (write_info.bw_conv_buf == NULL)
        end = 0;
    }
    }

# ifdef WIN3264
    if (converted && wb_flags == 0 && get_win_fio_flags(fenc))
    {
    wb_flags = get_win_fio_flags(fenc);

    /* Convert UTF-8 -> UCS-2 and UCS-2 -> DBCS.  Worst-case * 4: */
    write_info.bw_conv_buflen = bufsize * 4;
    write_info.bw_conv_buf
                = lalloc((long_u)write_info.bw_conv_buflen, TRUE);
    if (write_info.bw_conv_buf == NULL)
        end = 0;
    }
# endif

# if defined(FEAT_EVAL) || defined(USE_ICONV)
    if (converted && wb_flags == 0)
    {
#  ifdef USE_ICONV
    /*
     * Use iconv() conversion when conversion is needed and it's not done
     * internally.
     */
    write_info.bw_iconv_fd = (iconv_t)my_iconv_open(fenc,
                    enc_utf8 ? (char_u *)"utf-8" : p_enc);
    if (write_info.bw_iconv_fd != (iconv_t)-1)
    {
        /* We're going to use iconv(), allocate a buffer to convert in. */
        write_info.bw_conv_buflen = bufsize * ICONV_MULT;
        write_info.bw_conv_buf
               = lalloc((long_u)write_info.bw_conv_buflen, TRUE);
        if (write_info.bw_conv_buf == NULL)
        end = 0;
        write_info.bw_first = TRUE;
    }
#   ifdef FEAT_EVAL
    else
#   endif
#  endif

#  ifdef FEAT_EVAL
        /*
         * When the file needs to be converted with 'charconvert' after
         * writing, write to a temp file instead and let the conversion
         * overwrite the original file.
         */
        if (*p_ccv != NUL)
        {
        wfname = vim_tempname('w');
        if (wfname == NULL)    /* Can't write without a tempfile! */
        {
            errmsg = (char_u *)_("E214: Can't find temp file for writing");
            goto restore_backup;
        }
        }
#  endif
    }
# endif
    if (converted && wb_flags == 0
#  ifdef USE_ICONV
        && write_info.bw_iconv_fd == (iconv_t)-1
#  endif
#  ifdef FEAT_EVAL
        && wfname == fname
#  endif
        )
    {
    if (!forceit)
    {
        errmsg = (char_u *)_("E213: Cannot convert (add ! to write without conversion)");
        goto restore_backup;
    }
    notconverted = TRUE;
    }
#endif

    /*
     * Open the file "wfname" for writing.
     * We may try to open the file twice: If we can't write to the
     * file and forceit is TRUE we delete the existing file and try to create
     * a new one. If this still fails we may have lost the original file!
     * (this may happen when the user reached his quotum for number of files).
     * Appending will fail if the file does not exist and forceit is FALSE.
     */
    while ((fd = mch_open((char *)wfname, O_WRONLY | O_EXTRA | (append
            ? (forceit ? (O_APPEND | O_CREAT) : O_APPEND)
            : (O_CREAT | O_TRUNC))
            , 0666)) < 0)
    {
    /*
     * A forced write will try to create a new file if the old one is
     * still readonly. This may also happen when the directory is
     * read-only. In that case the mch_remove() will fail.
     */
    if (errmsg == NULL)
    {
#ifdef UNIX
        struct stat    st;

        /* Don't delete the file when it's a hard or symbolic link. */
        if ((!newfile && st_old.st_nlink > 1)
            || (mch_lstat((char *)fname, &st) == 0
            && (st.st_dev != st_old.st_dev
                || st.st_ino != st_old.st_ino)))
        errmsg = (char_u *)_("E166: Can't open linked file for writing");
        else
#endif
        {
        errmsg = (char_u *)_("E212: Can't open file for writing");
        if (forceit && vim_strchr(p_cpo, CPO_FWRITE) == NULL
                                 && perm >= 0)
        {
#ifdef UNIX
            /* we write to the file, thus it should be marked
               writable after all */
            if (!(perm & 0200))
            made_writable = TRUE;
            perm |= 0200;
            if (st_old.st_uid != getuid() || st_old.st_gid != getgid())
            perm &= 0777;
#endif
            if (!append)        /* don't remove when appending */
            mch_remove(wfname);
            continue;
        }
        }
    }

restore_backup:
    {
        struct stat st;

        /*
         * If we failed to open the file, we don't need a backup. Throw it
         * away.  If we moved or removed the original file try to put the
         * backup in its place.
         */
        if (backup != NULL && wfname == fname)
        {
        if (backup_copy)
        {
            /*
             * There is a small chance that we removed the original,
             * try to move the copy in its place.
             * This may not work if the vim_rename() fails.
             * In that case we leave the copy around.
             */
            /* If file does not exist, put the copy in its place */
            if (mch_stat((char *)fname, &st) < 0)
            vim_rename(backup, fname);
            /* if original file does exist throw away the copy */
            if (mch_stat((char *)fname, &st) >= 0)
            mch_remove(backup);
        }
        else
        {
            /* try to put the original file back */
            vim_rename(backup, fname);
        }
        }

        /* if original file no longer exists give an extra warning */
        if (!newfile && mch_stat((char *)fname, &st) < 0)
        end = 0;
    }

#ifdef FEAT_MBYTE
    if (wfname != fname)
        vim_free(wfname);
#endif
    goto fail;
    }
    errmsg = NULL;

#if defined(MACOS_CLASSIC) || defined(WIN3264)
    /* TODO: Is it need for MACOS_X? (Dany) */
    /*
     * On macintosh copy the original files attributes (i.e. the backup)
     * This is done in order to preserve the ressource fork and the
     * Finder attribute (label, comments, custom icons, file creatore)
     */
    if (backup != NULL && overwriting && !append)
    {
    if (backup_copy)
        (void)mch_copy_file_attribute(wfname, backup);
    else
        (void)mch_copy_file_attribute(backup, wfname);
    }

    if (!overwriting && !append)
    {
    if (buf->b_ffname != NULL)
        (void)mch_copy_file_attribute(buf->b_ffname, wfname);
    /* Should copy ressource fork */
    }
#endif

    write_info.bw_fd = fd;

#ifdef FEAT_CRYPT
    if (*buf->b_p_key && !filtering)
    {
    crypt_init_keys(buf->b_p_key);
    /* Write magic number, so that Vim knows that this file is encrypted
     * when reading it again.  This also undergoes utf-8 to ucs-2/4
     * conversion when needed. */
    write_info.bw_buf = (char_u *)CRYPT_MAGIC;
    write_info.bw_len = CRYPT_MAGIC_LEN;
    write_info.bw_flags = FIO_NOCONVERT;
    if (buf_write_bytes(&write_info) == FAIL)
        end = 0;
    wb_flags |= FIO_ENCRYPTED;
    }
#endif

    write_info.bw_buf = buffer;
    nchars = 0;

#ifdef FEAT_MBYTE
    /*
     * The BOM is written just after the encryption magic number.
     */
    if (buf->b_p_bomb && !buf->b_p_bin)
    {
    write_info.bw_len = make_bom(buffer, fenc);
    if (write_info.bw_len > 0)
    {
        /* don't convert, do encryption */
        write_info.bw_flags = FIO_NOCONVERT | wb_flags;
        if (buf_write_bytes(&write_info) == FAIL)
        end = 0;
        else
        nchars += write_info.bw_len;
    }
    }
#endif

    write_info.bw_len = bufsize;
#ifdef HAS_BW_FLAGS
    write_info.bw_flags = wb_flags;
#endif
    fileformat = get_fileformat_force(buf, eap);
    s = buffer;
    len = 0;
    for (lnum = start; lnum <= end; ++lnum)
    {
    /*
     * The next while loop is done once for each character written.
     * Keep it fast!
     */
    ptr = ml_get_buf(buf, lnum, FALSE) - 1;
    while ((c = *++ptr) != NUL)
    {
        if (c == NL)
        *s = NUL;        /* replace newlines with NULs */
        else if (c == CR && fileformat == EOL_MAC)
        *s = NL;        /* Mac: replace CRs with NLs */
        else
        *s = c;
        ++s;
        if (++len != bufsize)
        continue;
        if (buf_write_bytes(&write_info) == FAIL)
        {
        end = 0;        /* write error: break loop */
        break;
        }
        nchars += bufsize;
        s = buffer;
        len = 0;
    }
    /* write failed or last line has no EOL: stop here */
    if (end == 0
        || (lnum == end
            && buf->b_p_bin
            && (lnum == write_no_eol_lnum
            || (lnum == buf->b_ml.ml_line_count && !buf->b_p_eol))))
    {
        ++lnum;            /* written the line, count it */
        no_eol = TRUE;
        break;
    }
    if (fileformat == EOL_UNIX)
        *s++ = NL;
    else
    {
        *s++ = CR;            /* EOL_MAC or EOL_DOS: write CR */
        if (fileformat == EOL_DOS)    /* write CR-NL */
        {
        if (++len == bufsize)
        {
            if (buf_write_bytes(&write_info) == FAIL)
            {
            end = 0;    /* write error: break loop */
            break;
            }
            nchars += bufsize;
            s = buffer;
            len = 0;
        }
        *s++ = NL;
        }
    }
    if (++len == bufsize && end)
    {
        if (buf_write_bytes(&write_info) == FAIL)
        {
        end = 0;        /* write error: break loop */
        break;
        }
        nchars += bufsize;
        s = buffer;
        len = 0;

        ui_breakcheck();
        if (got_int)
        {
        end = 0;        /* Interrupted, break loop */
        break;
        }
    }
#ifdef VMS
    /*
     * On VMS there is a problem: newlines get added when writing blocks
     * at a time. Fix it by writing a line at a time.
     * This is much slower!
     * Explanation: Vim can not handle, so far, variable record format.
     * With $analize/rms filename you can get the rms file structure, and
     * if the Record format filed is variable, CR will be added after
     * every written buffer.  In other cases it works without this fix.
     * From other side read is about 5 times slower for "variable record
     * format" files.
     */
    if (buf->b_fab_rfm == FAB$C_VAR)
    {
        write_info.bw_len = len;
        if (buf_write_bytes(&write_info) == FAIL)
        {
        end = 0;        /* write error: break loop */
        break;
        }
        write_info.bw_len = bufsize;
        nchars += len;
        s = buffer;
        len = 0;
    }
#endif
    }
    if (len > 0 && end > 0)
    {
    write_info.bw_len = len;
    if (buf_write_bytes(&write_info) == FAIL)
        end = 0;            /* write error */
    nchars += len;
    }

    if (close(fd) != 0)
    {
    errmsg = (char_u *)_("E512: Close failed");
    end = 0;
    }

#ifdef UNIX
    if (made_writable)
    perm &= ~0200;        /* reset 'w' bit for security reasons */
#endif
    if (perm >= 0)        /* set perm. of new file same as old file */
    (void)mch_setperm(wfname, perm);
#ifdef RISCOS
    if (!append && !filtering)
    /* Set the filetype after writing the file. */
    mch_set_filetype(wfname, buf->b_p_oft);
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_ACL
    /* Probably need to set the ACL before changing the user (can't set the
     * ACL on a file the user doesn't own). */
    if (!backup_copy)
    mch_set_acl(wfname, acl);
#endif

#ifdef UNIX
    /* When creating a new file, set its owner/group to that of the original
     * file.  Get the new device and inode number. */
    if (backup != NULL && !backup_copy)
    {
    struct stat    st;

    /* don't change the owner when it's already OK, some systems remove
     * permission or ACL stuff */
    if (mch_stat((char *)wfname, &st) < 0
        || st.st_uid != st_old.st_uid
        || st.st_gid != st_old.st_gid)
    {
        chown((char *)wfname, st_old.st_uid, st_old.st_gid);
        if (perm >= 0)    /* set permission again, may have changed */
        (void)mch_setperm(wfname, perm);
    }
    buf_setino(buf);
    }
#endif


#if defined(FEAT_MBYTE) && defined(FEAT_EVAL)
    if (wfname != fname)
    {
    /*
     * The file was written to a temp file, now it needs to be converted
     * with 'charconvert' to (overwrite) the output file.
     */
    if (end != 0)
    {
        if (eval_charconvert(enc_utf8 ? (char_u *)"utf-8" : p_enc, fenc,
                               wfname, fname) == FAIL)
        {
        write_info.bw_conv_error = TRUE;
        end = 0;
        }
    }
    mch_remove(wfname);
    vim_free(wfname);
    }
#endif

    if (end == 0)
    {
    if (errmsg == NULL)
    {
#ifdef FEAT_MBYTE
        if (write_info.bw_conv_error)
        errmsg = (char_u *)_("E513: write error, conversion failed");
        else
#endif
        if (got_int)
            errmsg = (char_u *)_(e_interr);
        else
            errmsg = (char_u *)_("E514: write error (file system full?)");
    }

    /*
     * If we have a backup file, try to put it in place of the new file,
     * because the new file is probably corrupt.  This avoids loosing the
     * original file when trying to make a backup when writing the file a
     * second time.
     * When "backup_copy" is set we need to copy the backup over the new
     * file.  Otherwise rename the backup file.
     * If this is OK, don't give the extra warning message.
     */
    if (backup != NULL)
    {
        if (backup_copy)
        {
        /* This may take a while, if we were interrupted let the user
         * know we got the message. */
        if (got_int)
        {
            MSG(_(e_interr));
            out_flush();
        }
        if ((fd = mch_open((char *)backup, O_RDONLY | O_EXTRA, 0)) >= 0)
        {
            if ((write_info.bw_fd = mch_open((char *)fname,
              O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_EXTRA, 0666)) >= 0)
            {
            /* copy the file. */
            write_info.bw_buf = smallbuf;
#ifdef HAS_BW_FLAGS
            write_info.bw_flags = FIO_NOCONVERT;
#endif
            while ((write_info.bw_len = vim_read(fd, smallbuf,
                              SMBUFSIZE)) > 0)
                if (buf_write_bytes(&write_info) == FAIL)
                break;

            if (close(write_info.bw_fd) >= 0
                           && write_info.bw_len == 0)
                end = 1;        /* success */
            }
            close(fd);    /* ignore errors for closing read file */
        }
        }
        else
        {
        if (vim_rename(backup, fname) == 0)
            end = 1;
        }
    }
    goto fail;
    }

    lnum -= start;        /* compute number of written lines */
    --no_wait_return;        /* may wait for return now */

#if !(defined(UNIX) || defined(VMS))
    fname = sfname;        /* use shortname now, for the messages */
#endif
    if (!filtering)
    {
    msg_add_fname(buf, fname);    /* put fname in IObuff with quotes */
    c = FALSE;
#ifdef FEAT_MBYTE
    if (write_info.bw_conv_error)
    {
        STRCAT(IObuff, _(" CONVERSION ERROR"));
        c = TRUE;
    }
    else if (notconverted)
    {
        STRCAT(IObuff, _("[NOT converted]"));
        c = TRUE;
    }
    else if (converted)
    {
        STRCAT(IObuff, _("[converted]"));
        c = TRUE;
    }
#endif
    if (device)
    {
        STRCAT(IObuff, _("[Device]"));
        c = TRUE;
    }
    else if (newfile)
    {
        STRCAT(IObuff, shortmess(SHM_NEW) ? _("[New]") : _("[New File]"));
        c = TRUE;
    }
    if (no_eol)
    {
        msg_add_eol();
        c = TRUE;
    }
    /* may add [unix/dos/mac] */
    if (msg_add_fileformat(fileformat))
        c = TRUE;
#ifdef FEAT_CRYPT
    if (wb_flags & FIO_ENCRYPTED)
    {
        STRCAT(IObuff, _("[crypted]"));
        c = TRUE;
    }
#endif
    msg_add_lines(c, (long)lnum, nchars);    /* add line/char count */
    if (!shortmess(SHM_WRITE))
    {
        if (append)
        STRCAT(IObuff, shortmess(SHM_WRI) ? _(" [a]") : _(" appended"));
        else
        STRCAT(IObuff, shortmess(SHM_WRI) ? _(" [w]") : _(" written"));
    }

    set_keep_msg(msg_trunc_attr(IObuff, FALSE, 0));
    keep_msg_attr = 0;
    }

    if (reset_changed && whole
#ifdef FEAT_MBYTE
        && !write_info.bw_conv_error
#endif
        )        /* when written everything correctly */
    {
    unchanged(buf, TRUE);
    u_unchanged(buf);
#ifdef FEAT_NETBEANS_INTG
    netbeans_saved(buf);
#endif
    }

    /*
     * If written to the current file, update the timestamp of the swap file
     * and reset the BF_WRITE_MASK flags. Also sets buf->b_mtime.
     */
    if (overwriting)
    {
    ml_timestamp(buf);
    buf->b_flags &= ~BF_WRITE_MASK;
    }

    /*
     * If we kept a backup until now, and we are in patch mode, then we make
     * the backup file our 'original' file.
     */
    if (*p_pm && dobackup)
    {
    char *org = (char *)buf_modname(
#ifdef SHORT_FNAME
                    TRUE,
#else
                    (buf->b_p_sn || buf->b_shortname),
#endif
                              fname, p_pm, FALSE);

    if (backup != NULL)
    {
        struct stat st;

        /*
         * If the original file does not exist yet
         * the current backup file becomes the original file
         */
        if (org == NULL)
        EMSG(_("E205: Patchmode: can't save original file"));
        else if (mch_stat(org, &st) < 0)
        {
        vim_rename(backup, (char_u *)org);
        vim_free(backup);        /* don't delete the file */
        backup = NULL;
#ifdef UNIX
        set_file_time((char_u *)org, st_old.st_atime, st_old.st_mtime);
#endif
        }
    }
    /*
     * If there is no backup file, remember that a (new) file was
     * created.
     */
    else
    {
        int empty_fd;

        if (org == NULL
            || (empty_fd = mch_open(org, O_CREAT | O_EXTRA | O_EXCL,
                                   0666)) < 0)
          EMSG(_("E206: patchmode: can't touch empty original file"));
        else
          close(empty_fd);
    }
    if (org != NULL)
    {
        mch_setperm((char_u *)org, mch_getperm(fname) & 0777);
        vim_free(org);
    }
    }

    /*
     * Remove the backup unless 'backup' option is set
     */
    if (!p_bk && backup != NULL && mch_remove(backup) != 0)
    EMSG(_("E207: Can't delete backup file"));

#ifdef FEAT_SUN_WORKSHOP
    if (usingSunWorkShop)
    workshop_file_saved((char *) ffname);
#endif

    goto nofail;

    /*
     * Finish up.  We get here either after failure or success.
     */
fail:
    --no_wait_return;        /* may wait for return now */
nofail:

    /* Done saving, we accept changed buffer warnings again */
    buf->b_saving = FALSE;

    vim_free(backup);
    if (buffer != smallbuf)
    vim_free(buffer);
#ifdef FEAT_MBYTE
    vim_free(fenc_tofree);
    vim_free(write_info.bw_conv_buf);
# ifdef USE_ICONV
    if (write_info.bw_iconv_fd != (iconv_t)-1)
    {
    iconv_close(write_info.bw_iconv_fd);
    write_info.bw_iconv_fd = (iconv_t)-1;
    }
# endif
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_ACL
    mch_free_acl(acl);
#endif

    if (errmsg != NULL)
    {
    int numlen = errnum != NULL ? STRLEN(errnum) : 0;

    attr = hl_attr(HLF_E);    /* set highlight for error messages */
    msg_add_fname(buf,
#ifndef UNIX
        sfname
#else
        fname
#endif
             );        /* put file name in IObuff with quotes */
    if (STRLEN(IObuff) + STRLEN(errmsg) + numlen >= IOSIZE)
        IObuff[IOSIZE - STRLEN(errmsg) - numlen - 1] = NUL;
    /* If the error message has the form "is ...", put the error number in
     * front of the file name. */
    if (errnum != NULL)
    {
        mch_memmove(IObuff + numlen, IObuff, STRLEN(IObuff) + 1);
        mch_memmove(IObuff, errnum, (size_t)numlen);
    }
    STRCAT(IObuff, errmsg);
    emsg(IObuff);

    retval = FAIL;
    if (end == 0)
    {
        MSG_PUTS_ATTR(_("\nWARNING: Original file may be lost or damaged\n"),
            attr | MSG_HIST);
        MSG_PUTS_ATTR(_("don't quit the editor until the file is successfully written!"),
            attr | MSG_HIST);

        /* Update the timestamp to avoid an "overwrite changed file"
         * prompt when writing again. */
        if (mch_stat((char *)fname, &st_old) >= 0)
        {
        buf_store_time(buf, &st_old, fname);
        buf->b_mtime_read = buf->b_mtime;
        }
    }
    }
    msg_scroll = msg_save;

#ifdef FEAT_AUTOCMD
#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
    if (!should_abort(retval))
#else
    if (!got_int)
#endif
    {
    aco_save_T    aco;

    write_no_eol_lnum = 0;    /* in case it was set by the previous read */

    /*
     * Apply POST autocommands.
     * Careful: The autocommands may call buf_write() recursively!
     */
    aucmd_prepbuf(&aco, buf);

    if (append)
        apply_autocmds_exarg(EVENT_FILEAPPENDPOST, fname, fname,
                              FALSE, curbuf, eap);
    else if (filtering)
        apply_autocmds_exarg(EVENT_FILTERWRITEPOST, NULL, fname,
                              FALSE, curbuf, eap);
    else if (reset_changed && whole)
        apply_autocmds_exarg(EVENT_BUFWRITEPOST, fname, fname,
                              FALSE, curbuf, eap);
    else
        apply_autocmds_exarg(EVENT_FILEWRITEPOST, fname, fname,
                              FALSE, curbuf, eap);

    /* restore curwin/curbuf and a few other things */
    aucmd_restbuf(&aco);

#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
    if (aborting())        /* autocmds may abort script processing */
        retval = FALSE;
#endif
    }
#endif

    got_int |= prev_got_int;

#ifdef MACOS_CLASSIC /* TODO: Is it need for MACOS_X? (Dany) */
    /* Update machine specific information. */
    mch_post_buffer_write(buf);
#endif
    return retval;
}

/*
 * Put file name into IObuff with quotes.
 */
    static void
msg_add_fname(buf, fname)
    buf_T    *buf;
    char_u    *fname;
{
    if (fname == NULL)
    fname = (char_u *)"-stdin-";
    home_replace(buf, fname, IObuff + 1, IOSIZE - 4, TRUE);
    IObuff[0] = '"';
    STRCAT(IObuff, "\" ");
}

/*
 * Append message for text mode to IObuff.
 * Return TRUE if something appended.
 */
    static int
msg_add_fileformat(eol_type)
    int        eol_type;
{
#ifndef USE_CRNL
    if (eol_type == EOL_DOS)
    {
    STRCAT(IObuff, shortmess(SHM_TEXT) ? _("[dos]") : _("[dos format]"));
    return TRUE;
    }
#endif
#ifndef USE_CR
    if (eol_type == EOL_MAC)
    {
    STRCAT(IObuff, shortmess(SHM_TEXT) ? _("[mac]") : _("[mac format]"));
    return TRUE;
    }
#endif
#if defined(USE_CRNL) || defined(USE_CR)
    if (eol_type == EOL_UNIX)
    {
    STRCAT(IObuff, shortmess(SHM_TEXT) ? _("[unix]") : _("[unix format]"));
    return TRUE;
    }
#endif
    return FALSE;
}

/*
 * Append line and character count to IObuff.
 */
    static void
msg_add_lines(insert_space, lnum, nchars)
    int        insert_space;
    long    lnum;
    long    nchars;
{
    char_u  *p;

    p = IObuff + STRLEN(IObuff);

    if (insert_space)
    *p++ = ' ';
    if (shortmess(SHM_LINES))
    sprintf((char *)p, "%ldL, %ldC", lnum, nchars);
    else
    {
    if (lnum == 1)
        STRCPY(p, _("1 line, "));
    else
        sprintf((char *)p, _("%ld lines, "), lnum);
    p += STRLEN(p);
    if (nchars == 1)
        STRCPY(p, _("1 character"));
    else
        sprintf((char *)p, _("%ld characters"), nchars);
    }
}

/*
 * Append message for missing line separator to IObuff.
 */
    static void
msg_add_eol()
{
    STRCAT(IObuff, shortmess(SHM_LAST) ? _("[noeol]") : _("[Incomplete last line]"));
}

/*
 * Check modification time of file, before writing to it.
 * The size isn't checked, because using a tool like "gzip" takes care of
 * using the same timestamp but can't set the size.
 */
    static int
check_mtime(buf, st)
    buf_T        *buf;
    struct stat        *st;
{
    if (buf->b_mtime_read != 0
        && time_differs((long)st->st_mtime, buf->b_mtime_read))
    {
    msg_scroll = TRUE;        /* don't overwrite messages here */
    msg_silent = 0;            /* must give this prompt */
    /* don't use emsg() here, don't want to flush the buffers */
    MSG_ATTR(_("WARNING: The file has been changed since reading it!!!"),
                               hl_attr(HLF_E));
    if (ask_yesno((char_u *)_("Do you really want to write to it"),
                                 TRUE) == 'n')
        return FAIL;
    msg_scroll = FALSE;        /* always overwrite the file message now */
    }
    return OK;
}

    static int
time_differs(t1, t2)
    long    t1, t2;
{
#if defined(__linux__) || defined(MSDOS) || defined(MSWIN)
    /* On a FAT filesystem, esp. under Linux, there are only 5 bits to store
     * the seconds.  Since the roundoff is done when flushing the inode, the
     * time may change unexpectedly by one second!!! */
    return (t1 - t2 > 1 || t2 - t1 > 1);
#else
    return (t1 != t2);
#endif
}

/*
 * Call write() to write a number of bytes to the file.
 * Also handles encryption and 'encoding' conversion.
 *
 * Return FAIL for failure, OK otherwise.
 */
    static int
buf_write_bytes(ip)
    struct bw_info *ip;
{
    int        wlen;
    char_u    *buf = ip->bw_buf;    /* data to write */
    int        len = ip->bw_len;    /* length of data */
#ifdef HAS_BW_FLAGS
    int        flags = ip->bw_flags;    /* extra flags */
#endif

#ifdef FEAT_MBYTE
    /*
     * Skip conversion when writing the crypt magic number or the BOM.
     */
    if (!(flags & FIO_NOCONVERT))
    {
    char_u        *p;
    unsigned    c;
    int        n;

    if (flags & FIO_UTF8)
    {
        /*
         * Convert latin1 in the buffer to UTF-8 in the file.
         */
        p = ip->bw_conv_buf;    /* translate to buffer */
        for (wlen = 0; wlen < len; ++wlen)
        p += utf_char2bytes(buf[wlen], p);
        buf = ip->bw_conv_buf;
        len = (int)(p - ip->bw_conv_buf);
    }
    else if (flags & (FIO_UCS4 | FIO_UTF16 | FIO_UCS2 | FIO_LATIN1))
    {
        /*
         * Convert UTF-8 bytes in the buffer to UCS-2, UCS-4, UTF-16 or
         * Latin1 chars in the file.
         */
        if (flags & FIO_LATIN1)
        p = buf;    /* translate in-place (can only get shorter) */
        else
        p = ip->bw_conv_buf;    /* translate to buffer */
        for (wlen = 0; wlen < len; wlen += n)
        {
        if (wlen == 0 && ip->bw_restlen != 0)
        {
            int        l;

            /* Use remainder of previous call.  Append the start of
             * buf[] to get a full sequence.  Might still be too
             * short! */
            l = CONV_RESTLEN - ip->bw_restlen;
            if (l > len)
            l = len;
            mch_memmove(ip->bw_rest + ip->bw_restlen, buf, (size_t)l);
            n = utf_ptr2len_check_len(ip->bw_rest, ip->bw_restlen + l);
            if (n > ip->bw_restlen + len)
            {
            /* We have an incomplete byte sequence at the end to
             * be written.  We can't convert it without the
             * remaining bytes.  Keep them for the next call. */
            if (ip->bw_restlen + len > CONV_RESTLEN)
                return FAIL;
            ip->bw_restlen += len;
            break;
            }
            if (n > 1)
            c = utf_ptr2char(ip->bw_rest);
            else
            c = ip->bw_rest[0];
            if (n >= ip->bw_restlen)
            {
            n -= ip->bw_restlen;
            ip->bw_restlen = 0;
            }
            else
            {
            ip->bw_restlen -= n;
            mch_memmove(ip->bw_rest, ip->bw_rest + n,
                              (size_t)ip->bw_restlen);
            n = 0;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            n = utf_ptr2len_check_len(buf + wlen, len - wlen);
            if (n > len - wlen)
            {
            /* We have an incomplete byte sequence at the end to
             * be written.  We can't convert it without the
             * remaining bytes.  Keep them for the next call. */
            if (len - wlen > CONV_RESTLEN)
                return FAIL;
            ip->bw_restlen = len - wlen;
            mch_memmove(ip->bw_rest, buf + wlen,
                              (size_t)ip->bw_restlen);
            break;
            }
            if (n > 1)
            c = utf_ptr2char(buf + wlen);
            else
            c = buf[wlen];
        }

        ip->bw_conv_error |= ucs2bytes(c, &p, flags);
        }
        if (flags & FIO_LATIN1)
        len = (int)(p - buf);
        else
        {
        buf = ip->bw_conv_buf;
        len = (int)(p - ip->bw_conv_buf);
        }
    }

# ifdef WIN3264
    else if (flags & FIO_CODEPAGE)
    {
        /*
         * Convert UTF-8 to UCS-2 and then to MS-Windows codepage.
         */
        char_u    *from;
        size_t    fromlen;
        char_u    *to;
        int        u8c;
        BOOL    bad = FALSE;

        if (ip->bw_restlen > 0)
        {
        /* Need to concatenate the remainder of the previous call and
         * the bytes of the current call.  Use the end of the
         * conversion buffer for this. */
        fromlen = len + ip->bw_restlen;
        from = ip->bw_conv_buf + ip->bw_conv_buflen - fromlen;
        mch_memmove(from, ip->bw_rest, (size_t)ip->bw_restlen);
        mch_memmove(from + ip->bw_restlen, buf, (size_t)len);
        }
        else
        {
        from = buf;
        fromlen = len;
        }

        /* Convert from UTF-8 to UCS-2, to the start of the buffer.
         * The buffer has been allocated to be big enough. */
        to = ip->bw_conv_buf;
        while (fromlen > 0)
        {
        n = utf_ptr2len_check_len(from, fromlen);
        if (n > (int)fromlen)
            break;
        u8c = utf_ptr2char(from);
        *to++ = (u8c & 0xff);
        *to++ = (u8c >> 8);
        fromlen -= n;
        from += n;
        }

        /* copy remainder to ip->bw_rest[] to be used for the next call. */
        mch_memmove(ip->bw_rest, from, fromlen);
        ip->bw_restlen = fromlen;

        /* Convert from UCS-2 to the codepage, using the remainder of the
         * conversion buffer.  If the conversion uses the default
         * character "0", the data doesn't fit in this encoding, so fail. */
        fromlen = to - ip->bw_conv_buf;
        len = WideCharToMultiByte(FIO_GET_CP(flags), 0,
            (LPCWSTR)ip->bw_conv_buf, (int)fromlen / sizeof(WCHAR),
            (LPSTR)to, ip->bw_conv_buflen - fromlen, 0, &bad);
        if (bad)
        {
        ip->bw_conv_error = TRUE;
        return FAIL;
        }
        buf = to;
    }
# endif

# ifdef USE_ICONV
    if (ip->bw_iconv_fd != (iconv_t)-1)
    {
        const char    *from;
        size_t    fromlen;
        char    *to;
        size_t    tolen;

        /* Convert with iconv(). */
        if (ip->bw_restlen > 0)
        {
        /* Need to concatenate the remainder of the previous call and
         * the bytes of the current call.  Use the end of the
         * conversion buffer for this. */
        fromlen = len + ip->bw_restlen;
        from = (char *)ip->bw_conv_buf + ip->bw_conv_buflen - fromlen;
        mch_memmove((void *)from, ip->bw_rest, (size_t)ip->bw_restlen);
        mch_memmove((void *)(from + ip->bw_restlen), buf, (size_t)len);
        tolen = ip->bw_conv_buflen - fromlen;
        }
        else
        {
        from = (const char *)buf;
        fromlen = len;
        tolen = ip->bw_conv_buflen;
        }
        to = (char *)ip->bw_conv_buf;

        if (ip->bw_first)
        {
        size_t    save_len = tolen;

        /* output the initial shift state sequence */
        (void)iconv(ip->bw_iconv_fd, NULL, NULL, &to, &tolen);

        /* There is a bug in iconv() on Linux (which appears to be
         * wide-spread) which sets "to" to NULL and messes up "tolen".
         */
        if (to == NULL)
        {
            to = (char *)ip->bw_conv_buf;
            tolen = save_len;
        }
        ip->bw_first = FALSE;
        }

        /*
         * If iconv() has an error or there is not enough room, fail.
         */
        if ((iconv(ip->bw_iconv_fd, &from, &fromlen, &to, &tolen)
            == (size_t)-1 && ICONV_ERRNO != ICONV_EINVAL)
                            || fromlen > CONV_RESTLEN)
        {
        ip->bw_conv_error = TRUE;
        return FAIL;
        }

        /* copy remainder to ip->bw_rest[] to be used for the next call. */
        if (fromlen > 0)
        mch_memmove(ip->bw_rest, (void *)from, fromlen);
        ip->bw_restlen = (int)fromlen;

        buf = ip->bw_conv_buf;
        len = (int)((char_u *)to - ip->bw_conv_buf);
    }
# endif
    }
#endif /* FEAT_MBYTE */

#ifdef FEAT_CRYPT
    if (flags & FIO_ENCRYPTED)        /* encrypt the data */
    {
    int ztemp, t, i;

    for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
    {
        ztemp  = buf[i];
        buf[i] = ZENCODE(ztemp, t);
    }
    }
#endif

    /* Repeat the write(), it may be interrupted by a signal. */
    while (len)
    {
    wlen = vim_write(ip->bw_fd, buf, len);
    if (wlen <= 0)            /* error! */
        return FAIL;
    len -= wlen;
    buf += wlen;
    }
    return OK;
}

#ifdef FEAT_MBYTE
/*
 * Convert a Unicode character to bytes.
 */
    static int
ucs2bytes(c, pp, flags)
    unsigned    c;        /* in: character */
    char_u    **pp;        /* in/out: pointer to result */
    int        flags;        /* FIO_ flags */
{
    char_u    *p = *pp;
    int        error = FALSE;
    int        cc;


    if (flags & FIO_UCS4)
    {
    if (flags & FIO_ENDIAN_L)
    {
        *p++ = c;
        *p++ = (c >> 8);
        *p++ = (c >> 16);
        *p++ = (c >> 24);
    }
    else
    {
        *p++ = (c >> 24);
        *p++ = (c >> 16);
        *p++ = (c >> 8);
        *p++ = c;
    }
    }
    else if (flags & (FIO_UCS2 | FIO_UTF16))
    {
    if (c >= 0x10000)
    {
        if (flags & FIO_UTF16)
        {
        /* Make two words, ten bits of the character in each.  First
         * word is 0xd800 - 0xdbff, second one 0xdc00 - 0xdfff */
        c -= 0x10000;
        if (c >= 0x100000)
            error = TRUE;
        cc = ((c >> 10) & 0x3ff) + 0xd800;
        if (flags & FIO_ENDIAN_L)
        {
            *p++ = cc;
            *p++ = ((unsigned)cc >> 8);
        }
        else
        {
            *p++ = ((unsigned)cc >> 8);
            *p++ = cc;
        }
        c = (c & 0x3ff) + 0xdc00;
        }
        else
        error = TRUE;
    }
    if (flags & FIO_ENDIAN_L)
    {
        *p++ = c;
        *p++ = (c >> 8);
    }
    else
    {
        *p++ = (c >> 8);
        *p++ = c;
    }
    }
    else    /* Latin1 */
    {
    if (c >= 0x100)
    {
        error = TRUE;
        *p++ = 0xBF;
    }
    else
        *p++ = c;
    }

    *pp = p;
    return error;
}

/*
 * Return TRUE if "a" and "b" are the same 'encoding'.
 * Ignores difference between "ansi" and "latin1", "ucs-4" and "ucs-4be", etc.
 */
    static int
same_encoding(a, b)
    char_u    *a;
    char_u    *b;
{
    int        f;

    if (STRCMP(a, b) == 0)
    return TRUE;
    f = get_fio_flags(a);
    return (f != 0 && get_fio_flags(b) == f);
}

/*
 * Check "ptr" for a unicode encoding and return the FIO_ flags needed for the
 * internal conversion.
 * if "ptr" is an empty string, use 'encoding'.
 */
    static int
get_fio_flags(ptr)
    char_u    *ptr;
{
    int        prop;

    if (*ptr == NUL)
    ptr = p_enc;

    prop = enc_canon_props(ptr);
    if (prop & ENC_UNICODE)
    {
    if (prop & ENC_2BYTE)
    {
        if (prop & ENC_ENDIAN_L)
        return FIO_UCS2 | FIO_ENDIAN_L;
        return FIO_UCS2;
    }
    if (prop & ENC_4BYTE)
    {
        if (prop & ENC_ENDIAN_L)
        return FIO_UCS4 | FIO_ENDIAN_L;
        return FIO_UCS4;
    }
    if (prop & ENC_2WORD)
    {
        if (prop & ENC_ENDIAN_L)
        return FIO_UTF16 | FIO_ENDIAN_L;
        return FIO_UTF16;
    }
    return FIO_UTF8;
    }
    if (prop & ENC_LATIN1)
    return FIO_LATIN1;
    /* must be ENC_DBCS, requires iconv() */
    return 0;
}

#ifdef WIN3264
/*
 * Check "ptr" for a MS-Windows codepage name and return the FIO_ flags needed
 * for the conversion MS-Windows can do for us.
 */
    static int
get_win_fio_flags(ptr)
    char_u    *ptr;
{
    if (ptr[0] == 'c' && ptr[1] == 'p' && isdigit(ptr[2]))
    return FIO_PUT_CP(atoi(ptr + 2)) | FIO_CODEPAGE;
    return 0;
}
#endif

/*
 * Check for a Unicode BOM (Byte Order Mark) at the start of p[size].
 * "size" must be at least 2.
 * Return the name of the encoding and set "*lenp" to the length.
 * Returns NULL when no BOM found.
 */
    static char_u *
check_for_bom(p, size, lenp, flags)
    char_u    *p;
    long    size;
    int        *lenp;
    int        flags;
{
    char    *name = NULL;
    int        len = 2;

    if (p[0] == 0xef && p[1] == 0xbb && size >= 3 && p[2] == 0xbf
        && (flags == FIO_ALL || flags == 0))
    {
    name = "utf-8";        /* EF BB BF */
    len = 3;
    }
    else if (p[0] == 0xff && p[1] == 0xfe)
    {
    if (size >= 4 && p[2] == 0 && p[3] == 0
        && (flags == FIO_ALL || flags == (FIO_UCS4 | FIO_ENDIAN_L)))
    {
        name = "ucs-4le";    /* FF FE 00 00 */
        len = 4;
    }
    else if (flags == FIO_ALL || flags == (FIO_UCS2 | FIO_ENDIAN_L))
        name = "ucs-2le";    /* FF FE */
    else if (flags == (FIO_UTF16 | FIO_ENDIAN_L))
        name = "utf-16le";    /* FF FE */
    }
    else if (p[0] == 0xfe && p[1] == 0xff
        && (flags == FIO_ALL || flags == FIO_UCS2 || flags == FIO_UTF16))
    {
    if (flags == FIO_UTF16)
        name = "utf-16";    /* FE FF */
    else
        name = "ucs-2";    /* FE FF */
    }
    else if (size >= 4 && p[0] == 0 && p[1] == 0 && p[2] == 0xfe
        && p[3] == 0xff && (flags == FIO_ALL || flags == FIO_UCS4))
    {
    name = "ucs-4";        /* 00 00 FE FF */
    len = 4;
    }

    *lenp = len;
    return (char_u *)name;
}

/*
 * Generate a BOM in "buf[4]" for encoding "name".
 * Return the length of the BOM (zero when no BOM).
 */
    static int
make_bom(buf, name)
    char_u    *buf;
    char_u    *name;
{
    int        flags;
    char_u    *p;

    flags = get_fio_flags(name);

    /* Can't put a BOM in a non-Unicode file. */
    if (flags == FIO_LATIN1 || flags == 0)
    return 0;

    if (flags == FIO_UTF8)    /* UTF-8 */
    {
    buf[0] = 0xef;
    buf[1] = 0xbb;
    buf[2] = 0xbf;
    return 3;
    }
    p = buf;
    (void)ucs2bytes(0xfeff, &p, flags);
    return (int)(p - buf);
}
#endif

/*
 * Try to find a shortname by comparing the fullname with the current
 * directory.
 * Returns NULL if not shorter name possible, pointer into "full_path"
 * otherwise.
 */
    char_u *
shorten_fname(full_path, dir_name)
    char_u    *full_path;
    char_u    *dir_name;
{
    int        len;
    char_u    *p;

    if (full_path == NULL)
    return NULL;
    len = (int)STRLEN(dir_name);
    if (fnamencmp(dir_name, full_path, len) == 0)
    {
    p = full_path + len;
#if defined(MSDOS) || defined(MSWIN) || defined(OS2)
    /*
     * MSDOS: when a file is in the root directory, dir_name will end in a
     * slash, since C: by itself does not define a specific dir. In this
     * case p may already be correct. <negri>
     */
    if (!((len > 2) && (*(p - 2) == ':')))
#endif
    {
        if (vim_ispathsep(*p))
        ++p;
#ifndef VMS   /* the path separator is always part of the path */
        else
        p = NULL;
#endif
    }
    }
#if defined(MSDOS) || defined(MSWIN) || defined(OS2)
    /*
     * When using a file in the current drive, remove the drive name:
     * "A:\dir\file" -> "\dir\file".  This helps when moving a session file on
     * a floppy from "A:\dir" to "B:\dir".
     */
    else if (len > 3
        && TOUPPER_LOC(full_path[0]) == TOUPPER_LOC(dir_name[0])
        && full_path[1] == ':'
        && vim_ispathsep(full_path[2]))
    p = full_path + 2;
#endif
    else
    p = NULL;
    return p;
}

/*
 * When "force" is TRUE: Use full path from now on for files currently being
 * edited, both for file name and swap file name.  Try to shorten the file
 * names a bit, if safe to do so.
 * When "force" is FALSE: Only try to shorten absolute file names.
 * For buffers that have buftype "nofile" or "scratch": never change the file
 * name.
 */
    void
shorten_fnames(force)
    int        force;
{
    char_u    dirname[MAXPATHL];
    buf_T    *buf;
    char_u    *p;

    mch_dirname(dirname, MAXPATHL);
    for (buf = firstbuf; buf != NULL; buf = buf->b_next)
    {
    if (buf->b_fname != NULL
#ifdef FEAT_QUICKFIX
        && !bt_nofile(buf)
#endif
        && !path_with_url(buf->b_fname)
        && (force
            || buf->b_sfname == NULL
            || mch_isFullName(buf->b_sfname)))
    {
        vim_free(buf->b_sfname);
        buf->b_sfname = NULL;
        p = shorten_fname(buf->b_ffname, dirname);
        if (p != NULL)
        {
        buf->b_sfname = vim_strsave(p);
        buf->b_fname = buf->b_sfname;
        }
        if (p == NULL || buf->b_fname == NULL)
        buf->b_fname = buf->b_ffname;
        mf_fullname(buf->b_ml.ml_mfp);
    }
    }
#ifdef FEAT_WINDOWS
    status_redraw_all();
#endif
}

/*
 * add extention to file name - change path/fo.o.h to path/fo.o.h.ext or
 * fo_o_h.ext for MSDOS or when shortname option set.
 *
 * Assumed that fname is a valid name found in the filesystem we assure that
 * the return value is a different name and ends in 'ext'.
 * "ext" MUST be at most 4 characters long if it starts with a dot, 3
 * characters otherwise.
 * Space for the returned name is allocated, must be freed later.
 * Returns NULL when out of memory.
 */
    char_u *
modname(fname, ext, prepend_dot)
    char_u *fname, *ext;
    int        prepend_dot;    /* may prepend a '.' to file name */
{
    return buf_modname(
#ifdef SHORT_FNAME
            TRUE,
#else
            (curbuf->b_p_sn || curbuf->b_shortname),
#endif
                             fname, ext, prepend_dot);
}

    char_u *
buf_modname(shortname, fname, ext, prepend_dot)
    int        shortname;        /* use 8.3 file name */
    char_u  *fname, *ext;
    int        prepend_dot;    /* may prepend a '.' to file name */
{
    char_u    *retval;
    char_u    *s;
    char_u    *e;
    char_u    *ptr;
    int        fnamelen, extlen;

    extlen = (int)STRLEN(ext);

    /*
     * If there is no file name we must get the name of the current directory
     * (we need the full path in case :cd is used).
     */
    if (fname == NULL || *fname == NUL)
    {
    retval = alloc((unsigned)(MAXPATHL + extlen + 3));
    if (retval == NULL)
        return NULL;
    if (mch_dirname(retval, MAXPATHL) == FAIL ||
                     (fnamelen = (int)STRLEN(retval)) == 0)
    {
        vim_free(retval);
        return NULL;
    }
    if (!vim_ispathsep(retval[fnamelen - 1]))
    {
        retval[fnamelen++] = PATHSEP;
        retval[fnamelen] = NUL;
    }
#ifndef SHORT_FNAME
    prepend_dot = FALSE;        /* nothing to prepend a dot to */
#endif
    }
    else
    {
    fnamelen = (int)STRLEN(fname);
    retval = alloc((unsigned)(fnamelen + extlen + 3));
    if (retval == NULL)
        return NULL;
    STRCPY(retval, fname);
#ifdef VMS
    vms_remove_version(retval); /* we do not need versions here */
#endif
    }

    /*
     * search backwards until we hit a '/', '\' or ':' replacing all '.'
     * by '_' for MSDOS or when shortname option set and ext starts with a dot.
     * Then truncate what is after the '/', '\' or ':' to 8 characters for
     * MSDOS and 26 characters for AMIGA, a lot more for UNIX.
     */
    for (ptr = retval + fnamelen; ptr >= retval; ptr--)
    {
#ifndef RISCOS
    if (*ext == '.'
#ifdef USE_LONG_FNAME
            && (!USE_LONG_FNAME || shortname)
#else
# ifndef SHORT_FNAME
            && shortname
# endif
#endif
                                )
        if (*ptr == '.')    /* replace '.' by '_' */
        *ptr = '_';
#endif /* RISCOS */
    if (vim_ispathsep(*ptr))
        break;
    }
    ptr++;

    /* the file name has at most BASENAMELEN characters. */
#ifndef SHORT_FNAME
    if (STRLEN(ptr) > (unsigned)BASENAMELEN)
    ptr[BASENAMELEN] = '\0';
#endif

    s = ptr + STRLEN(ptr);

    /*
     * For 8.3 file names we may have to reduce the length.
     */
#ifdef USE_LONG_FNAME
    if (!USE_LONG_FNAME || shortname)
#else
# ifndef SHORT_FNAME
    if (shortname)
# endif
#endif
    {
    /*
     * If there is no file name, or the file name ends in '/', and the
     * extension starts with '.', put a '_' before the dot, because just
     * ".ext" is invalid.
     */
    if (fname == NULL || *fname == NUL
                   || vim_ispathsep(fname[STRLEN(fname) - 1]))
    {
#ifdef RISCOS
        if (*ext == '/')
#else
        if (*ext == '.')
#endif
        *s++ = '_';
    }
    /*
     * If the extension starts with '.', truncate the base name at 8
     * characters
     */
#ifdef RISCOS
    /* We normally use '/', but swap files are '_' */
    else if (*ext == '/' || *ext == '_')
#else
    else if (*ext == '.')
#endif
    {
        if (s - ptr > (size_t)8)
        {
        s = ptr + 8;
        *s = '\0';
        }
    }
    /*
     * If the extension doesn't start with '.', and the file name
     * doesn't have an extension yet, append a '.'
     */
#ifdef RISCOS
    else if ((e = vim_strchr(ptr, '/')) == NULL)
        *s++ = '/';
#else
    else if ((e = vim_strchr(ptr, '.')) == NULL)
        *s++ = '.';
#endif
    /*
     * If the extension doesn't start with '.', and there already is an
     * extension, it may need to be tructated
     */
    else if ((int)STRLEN(e) + extlen > 4)
        s = e + 4 - extlen;
    }
#if defined(OS2) || defined(USE_LONG_FNAME) || defined(WIN3264)
    /*
     * If there is no file name, and the extension starts with '.', put a
     * '_' before the dot, because just ".ext" may be invalid if it's on a
     * FAT partition, and on HPFS it doesn't matter.
     */
    else if ((fname == NULL || *fname == NUL) && *ext == '.')
    *s++ = '_';
#endif

    /*
     * Append the extention.
     * ext can start with '.' and cannot exceed 3 more characters.
     */
    STRCPY(s, ext);

#ifndef SHORT_FNAME
    /*
     * Prepend the dot.
     */
    if (prepend_dot && !shortname && *(e = gettail(retval)) !=
#ifdef RISCOS
        '/'
#else
        '.'
#endif
#ifdef USE_LONG_FNAME
        && USE_LONG_FNAME
#endif
                )
    {
    mch_memmove(e + 1, e, STRLEN(e) + 1);
#ifdef RISCOS
    *e = '/';
#else
    *e = '.';
#endif
    }
#endif

    /*
     * Check that, after appending the extension, the file name is really
     * different.
     */
    if (fname != NULL && STRCMP(fname, retval) == 0)
    {
    /* we search for a character that can be replaced by '_' */
    while (--s >= ptr)
    {
        if (*s != '_')
        {
        *s = '_';
        break;
        }
    }
    if (s < ptr)    /* fname was "________.<ext>", how tricky! */
        *ptr = 'v';
    }
    return retval;
}

/*
 * Like fgets(), but if the file line is too long, it is truncated and the
 * rest of the line is thrown away.  Returns TRUE for end-of-file.
 */
    int
vim_fgets(buf, size, fp)
    char_u    *buf;
    int        size;
    FILE    *fp;
{
    char    *eof;
#define FGETS_SIZE 200
    char    tbuf[FGETS_SIZE];

    buf[size - 2] = NUL;
#ifdef USE_CR
    eof = fgets_cr((char *)buf, size, fp);
#else
    eof = fgets((char *)buf, size, fp);
#endif
    if (buf[size - 2] != NUL && buf[size - 2] != '\n')
    {
    buf[size - 1] = NUL;        /* Truncate the line */

    /* Now throw away the rest of the line: */
    do
    {
        tbuf[FGETS_SIZE - 2] = NUL;
#ifdef USE_CR
        fgets_cr((char *)tbuf, FGETS_SIZE, fp);
#else
        fgets((char *)tbuf, FGETS_SIZE, fp);
#endif
    } while (tbuf[FGETS_SIZE - 2] != NUL && tbuf[FGETS_SIZE - 2] != '\n');
    }
    return (eof == NULL);
}

#if defined(USE_CR) || defined(PROTO)
/*
 * Like vim_fgets(), but accept any line terminator: CR, CR-LF or LF.
 * Returns TRUE for end-of-file.
 * Only used for the Mac, because it's much slower than vim_fgets().
 */
    int
tag_fgets(buf, size, fp)
    char_u    *buf;
    int        size;
    FILE    *fp;
{
    int        i = 0;
    int        c;
    int        eof = FALSE;

    for (;;)
    {
    c = fgetc(fp);
    if (c == EOF)
    {
        eof = TRUE;
        break;
    }
    if (c == '\r')
    {
        /* Always store a NL for end-of-line. */
        if (i < size - 1)
        buf[i++] = '\n';
        c = fgetc(fp);
        if (c != '\n')    /* Macintosh format: single CR. */
        ungetc(c, fp);
        break;
    }
    if (i < size - 1)
        buf[i++] = c;
    if (c == '\n')
        break;
    }
    buf[i] = NUL;
    return eof;
}
#endif

/*
 * rename() only works if both files are on the same file system, this
 * function will (attempts to?) copy the file across if rename fails -- webb
 * Return -1 for failure, 0 for success.
 */
    int
vim_rename(from, to)
    char_u    *from;
    char_u    *to;
{
    int        fd_in;
    int        fd_out;
    int        n;
    char    *errmsg = NULL;
    char    *buffer;
#ifdef AMIGA
    BPTR    flock;
#endif

    /*
     * When the names are identical, there is nothing to do.
     */
    if (fnamecmp(from, to) == 0)
    return 0;

    /*
     * First delete the "to" file, this is required on some systems to make
     * the mch_rename() work, on other systems it makes sure that we don't
     * have two files when the mch_rename() fails.
     */

#ifdef AMIGA
    /*
     * With MSDOS-compatible filesystems (crossdos, messydos) it is possible
     * that the name of the "to" file is the same as the "from" file, even
     * though the names are different. To avoid the chance of accidently
     * deleting the "from" file (horror!) we lock it during the remove.
     *
     * When used for making a backup before writing the file: This should not
     * happen with ":w", because startscript() should detect this problem and
     * set buf->b_shortname, causing modname() to return a correct ".bak" file
     * name.  This problem does exist with ":w filename", but then the
     * original file will be somewhere else so the backup isn't really
     * important. If autoscripting is off the rename may fail.
     */
    flock = Lock((UBYTE *)from, (long)ACCESS_READ);
#endif
    mch_remove(to);
#ifdef AMIGA
    if (flock)
    UnLock(flock);
#endif

    /*
     * First try a normal rename, return if it works.
     */
    if (mch_rename((char *)from, (char *)to) == 0)
    return 0;

    /*
     * Rename() failed, try copying the file.
     */
    fd_in = mch_open((char *)from, O_RDONLY|O_EXTRA, 0);
    if (fd_in == -1)
    return -1;
    fd_out = mch_open((char *)to, O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_WRONLY|O_EXTRA, 0666);
    if (fd_out == -1)
    {
    close(fd_in);
    return -1;
    }

    buffer = (char *)alloc(BUFSIZE);
    if (buffer == NULL)
    {
    close(fd_in);
    close(fd_out);
    return -1;
    }

    while ((n = vim_read(fd_in, buffer, BUFSIZE)) > 0)
    if (vim_write(fd_out, buffer, n) != n)
    {
        errmsg = _("E208: Error writing to \"%s\"");
        break;
    }

    vim_free(buffer);
    close(fd_in);
    if (close(fd_out) < 0)
    errmsg = _("E209: Error closing \"%s\"");
    if (n < 0)
    {
    errmsg = _("E210: Error reading \"%s\"");
    to = from;
    }
    if (errmsg != NULL)
    {
    EMSG2(errmsg, to);
    return -1;
    }
    mch_remove(from);
    return 0;
}

static int already_warned = FALSE;

/*
 * Check if any not hidden buffer has been changed.
 * Postpone the check if there are characters in the stuff buffer, a global
 * command is being executed, a mapping is being executed or an autocommand is
 * busy.
 * Returns TRUE if some message was written (screen should be redrawn and
 * cursor positioned).
 */
    int
check_timestamps(focus)
    int        focus;        /* called for GUI focus event */
{
    buf_T    *buf;
    int        didit = 0;
    int        n;

    /* Don't check timestamps while system() or another low-level function may
     * cause us to lose and gain focus. */
    if (no_check_timestamps > 0)
    return FALSE;

    /* Avoid doing a check twice.  The OK/Reload dialog can cause a focus
     * event and we would keep on checking if the file is steadily growing.
     * Do check again after typing something. */
    if (focus && did_check_timestamps)
    {
    need_check_timestamps = TRUE;
    return FALSE;
    }

    if (!stuff_empty() || global_busy || !typebuf_typed()
#ifdef FEAT_AUTOCMD
            || autocmd_busy
#endif
                    )
    need_check_timestamps = TRUE;        /* check later */
    else
    {
    ++no_wait_return;
    did_check_timestamps = TRUE;
    already_warned = FALSE;
    for (buf = firstbuf; buf != NULL; )
    {
        /* Only check buffers in a window. */
        if (buf->b_nwindows > 0)
        {
        n = buf_check_timestamp(buf, focus);
        if (didit < n)
            didit = n;
        if (n > 0 && !buf_valid(buf))
        {
            /* Autocommands have removed the buffer, start at the
             * first one again. */
            buf = firstbuf;
            continue;
        }
        }
        buf = buf->b_next;
    }
    --no_wait_return;
    need_check_timestamps = FALSE;
    if (need_wait_return && didit == 2)
    {
        /* make sure msg isn't overwritten */
        msg_puts((char_u *)"\n");
        out_flush();
    }
    }
    return didit;
}

/*
 * Move all the lines from buffer "frombuf" to buffer "tobuf".
 * Return OK or FAIL.  When FAIL "tobuf" is incomplete and/or "frombuf" is not
 * empty.
 */
    static int
move_lines(frombuf, tobuf)
    buf_T    *frombuf;
    buf_T    *tobuf;
{
    buf_T    *tbuf = curbuf;
    int        retval = OK;
    linenr_T    lnum;
    char_u    *p;

    /* Copy the lines in "frombuf" to "tobuf". */
    curbuf = tobuf;
    for (lnum = 1; lnum <= frombuf->b_ml.ml_line_count; ++lnum)
    {
    p = vim_strsave(ml_get_buf(frombuf, lnum, FALSE));
    if (p == NULL || ml_append(lnum - 1, p, 0, FALSE) == FAIL)
    {
        vim_free(p);
        retval = FAIL;
        break;
    }
    vim_free(p);
    }

    /* Delete all the lines in "frombuf". */
    if (retval != FAIL)
    {
    curbuf = frombuf;
    while (!bufempty())
        if (ml_delete(curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count, FALSE) == FAIL)
        {
        /* Oops!  We could try putting back the saved lines, but that
         * might fail again... */
        retval = FAIL;
        break;
        }
    }

    curbuf = tbuf;
    return retval;
}

/*
 * Check if buffer "buf" has been changed.
 * Also check if the file for a new buffer unexpectedly appeared.
 * return 1 if a changed buffer was found.
 * return 2 if a message has been displayed.
 * return 0 otherwise.
 */
/*ARGSUSED*/
    int
buf_check_timestamp(buf, focus)
    buf_T    *buf;
    int        focus;        /* called for GUI focus event */
{
    struct stat    st;
    int        stat_res;
    int        retval = 0;
    char_u    *path;
    char_u    *tbuf;
    char    *mesg = NULL;
    int        reload = FALSE;
#if defined(FEAT_CON_DIALOG) || defined(FEAT_GUI_DIALOG)
    int        can_reload = FALSE;
#endif
    size_t    orig_size = buf->b_orig_size;
    int        orig_mode = buf->b_orig_mode;
#ifdef FEAT_GUI
    int        save_mouse_correct = need_mouse_correct;
#endif

    /* If there is no file name, the buffer is not loaded, 'buftype' is
     * set, or we are in the middle of a save: ignore this buffer. */
    if (buf->b_ffname == NULL
        || buf->b_ml.ml_mfp == NULL
#if defined(FEAT_QUICKFIX)
        || *buf->b_p_bt != NUL
#endif
        || buf->b_saving
        )
    return 0;

    if (       !(buf->b_flags & BF_NOTEDITED)
        && buf->b_mtime != 0
        && ((stat_res = mch_stat((char *)buf->b_ffname, &st)) < 0
        || time_differs((long)st.st_mtime, buf->b_mtime)
#ifdef HAVE_ST_MODE
        || (int)st.st_mode != buf->b_orig_mode
#else
        || mch_getperm(buf->b_ffname) != buf->b_orig_mode
#endif
        ))
    {
    retval = 1;

    /* set b_mtime to stop further warnings */
    if (stat_res < 0)
    {
        buf->b_mtime = 0;
        buf->b_orig_size = 0;
        buf->b_orig_mode = 0;
    }
    else
        buf_store_time(buf, &st, buf->b_ffname);

    /* Don't do anything for a directory.  Might contain the file
     * explorer. */
    if (mch_isdir(buf->b_fname))
        ;

    /*
     * If 'autoread' is set, the buffer has no changes and the file still
     * exists, reload the buffer.  Use the buffer-local option value if it
     * was set, the global option value otherwise.
     */
    else if ((buf->b_p_ar >= 0 ? buf->b_p_ar : p_ar)
                       && !bufIsChanged(buf) && stat_res >= 0)
        reload = TRUE;
    else
    {
#ifdef FEAT_AUTOCMD
        /*
         * Only give the warning if there are no FileChangedShell
         * autocommands.
         */
        if (apply_autocmds(EVENT_FILECHANGEDSHELL,
                      buf->b_fname, buf->b_fname, FALSE, buf))
        {
        if (!buf_valid(buf))
        {
            EMSG(_("E246: FileChangedShell autocommand deleted buffer"));
        }
        return 2;
        }
        else
#endif
        {
        if (stat_res < 0)
            mesg = _("E211: Warning: File \"%s\" no longer available");
        else
        {
#if defined(FEAT_CON_DIALOG) || defined(FEAT_GUI_DIALOG)
            can_reload = TRUE;
#endif
            /*
             * Check if the file contents really changed to avoid
             * giving a warning when only the timestamp was set (e.g.,
             * checked out of CVS).  Always warn when the buffer was
             * changed.
             */
            if (bufIsChanged(buf))
            mesg = _("W12: Warning: File \"%s\" has changed and the buffer was changed in Vim as well");
            else if (orig_size != buf->b_orig_size
                || buf_contents_changed(buf))
            mesg = _("W11: Warning: File \"%s\" has changed since editing started");
            else if (orig_mode != buf->b_orig_mode)
            mesg = _("W16: Warning: Mode of file \"%s\" has changed since editing started");
        }
        }
    }

    }
    else if ((buf->b_flags & BF_NEW) && !(buf->b_flags & BF_NEW_W)
                        && vim_fexists(buf->b_ffname))
    {
    retval = 1;
    mesg = _("W13: Warning: File \"%s\" has been created after editing started");
    buf->b_flags |= BF_NEW_W;
#if defined(FEAT_CON_DIALOG) || defined(FEAT_GUI_DIALOG)
    can_reload = TRUE;
#endif
    }

    if (mesg != NULL)
    {
    path = home_replace_save(buf, buf->b_fname);
    if (path != NULL)
    {
        tbuf = alloc((unsigned)(STRLEN(path) + STRLEN(mesg)));
        sprintf((char *)tbuf, mesg, path);
#if defined(FEAT_CON_DIALOG) || defined(FEAT_GUI_DIALOG)
        if (can_reload)
        {
        if (do_dialog(VIM_WARNING, (char_u *)_("Warning"), tbuf,
                (char_u *)_("&OK\n&Load File"), 1, NULL) == 2)
            reload = TRUE;
        }
        else
#endif
        if (State > NORMAL_BUSY || (State & CMDLINE) || already_warned)
        {
        EMSG(tbuf);
        retval = 2;
        }
        else
        {
# ifdef VIMBUDDY
        VimBuddyText(tbuf + 9, 2);
# else
#  ifdef FEAT_AUTOCMD
        if (!autocmd_busy)
#  endif
        {
            msg_start();
            msg_puts_attr(tbuf, hl_attr(HLF_E) + MSG_HIST);
            msg_clr_eos();
            (void)msg_end();
            if (emsg_silent == 0)
            {
            out_flush();
#  ifdef FEAT_GUI
            if (!focus)
#  endif
                /* give the user some time to think about it */
                ui_delay(1000L, TRUE);

            /* don't redraw and erase the message */
            redraw_cmdline = FALSE;
            }
        }
        already_warned = TRUE;
# endif
        }

        vim_free(path);
        vim_free(tbuf);
    }
    }

    if (reload)
    {
    exarg_T        ea;
    pos_T        old_cursor;
    linenr_T    old_topline;
    int        old_ro = curbuf->b_p_ro;
    buf_T        *savebuf;
    int        saved = OK;
#ifdef FEAT_AUTOCMD
    aco_save_T    aco;

    /* set curwin/curbuf for "buf" and save some things */
    aucmd_prepbuf(&aco, buf);
#else
    buf_T    *save_curbuf = curbuf;

    curbuf = buf;
    curwin->w_buffer = buf;
#endif

    /* We only want to read the text from the file, not reset the syntax
     * highlighting, clear marks, diff status, etc.  Force the fileformat
     * and encoding to be the same. */
    if (prep_exarg(&ea, buf) == OK)
    {
        old_cursor = curwin->w_cursor;
        old_topline = curwin->w_topline;

        /*
         * To behave like when a new file is edited (matters for
         * BufReadPost autocommands) we first need to delete the current
         * buffer contents.  But if reading the file fails we should keep
         * the old contents.  Can't use memory only, the file might be
         * too big.  Use a hidden buffer to move the buffer contents to.
         */
        if (bufempty())
        savebuf = NULL;
        else
        {
        /* Allocate a buffer without putting it in the buffer list. */
        savebuf = buflist_new(NULL, NULL, (linenr_T)1, BLN_DUMMY);
        if (savebuf != NULL)
        {
            /* Open the memline. */
            curbuf = savebuf;
            curwin->w_buffer = savebuf;
            saved = ml_open();
            curbuf = buf;
            curwin->w_buffer = buf;
        }
        if (savebuf == NULL || saved == FAIL
                      || move_lines(buf, savebuf) == FAIL)
        {
            EMSG2(_("E462: Could not prepare for reloading \"%s\""),
                                buf->b_fname);
            saved = FAIL;
        }
        }

        if (saved == OK)
        {
        curbuf->b_flags |= BF_CHECK_RO;    /* check for RO again */
#ifdef FEAT_AUTOCMD
        keep_filetype = TRUE;        /* don't detect 'filetype' */
#endif
        if (readfile(buf->b_ffname, buf->b_fname, (linenr_T)0,
                (linenr_T)0,
                (linenr_T)MAXLNUM, &ea, READ_NEW) == FAIL)
        {
#if defined(FEAT_AUTOCMD) && defined(FEAT_EVAL)
            if (!aborting())
#endif
            EMSG2(_("E321: Could not reload \"%s\""), buf->b_fname);
            if (savebuf != NULL)
            {
            /* Put the text back from the save buffer.  First
             * delete any lines that readfile() added. */
            while (!bufempty())
                if (ml_delete(curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count, FALSE)
                                      == FAIL)
                break;
            (void)move_lines(savebuf, buf);
            }
        }
        else
        {
            /* Mark the buffer as unmodified and free undo info. */
            unchanged(buf, TRUE);
            u_blockfree(buf);
            u_clearall(buf);
        }
        }
        vim_free(ea.cmd);

        if (savebuf != NULL)
        wipe_buffer(savebuf, FALSE);

#ifdef FEAT_DIFF
        /* Invalidate diff info if necessary. */
        diff_invalidate();
#endif

        /* Restore the topline and cursor position and check it (lines may
         * have been removed). */
        if (old_topline > curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count)
        curwin->w_topline = curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count;
        else
        curwin->w_topline = old_topline;
        curwin->w_cursor = old_cursor;
        check_cursor();
        update_topline();
#ifdef FEAT_AUTOCMD
        keep_filetype = FALSE;
#endif
#ifdef FEAT_FOLDING
        {
        win_T *wp;

        /* Update folds unless they are defined manually. */
        FOR_ALL_WINDOWS(wp)
            if (wp->w_buffer == curwin->w_buffer
                && !foldmethodIsManual(wp))
            foldUpdateAll(wp);
        }
#endif
        /* If the mode didn't change and 'readonly' was set, keep the old
         * value; the user probably used the ":view" command.  But don't
         * reset it, might have had a read error. */
        if (orig_mode == curbuf->b_orig_mode)
        curbuf->b_p_ro |= old_ro;
    }

#ifdef FEAT_AUTOCMD
    /* restore curwin/curbuf and a few other things */
    aucmd_restbuf(&aco);
    /* Careful: autocommands may have made "buf" invalid! */
#else
    curwin->w_buffer = save_curbuf;
    curbuf = save_curbuf;
#endif
    }

#ifdef FEAT_GUI
    /* restore this in case an autocommand has set it; it would break
     * 'mousefocus' */
    need_mouse_correct = save_mouse_correct;
#endif

    return retval;
}

/*ARGSUSED*/
    void
buf_store_time(buf, st, fname)
    buf_T    *buf;
    struct stat    *st;
    char_u    *fname;
{
    buf->b_mtime = (long)st->st_mtime;
    buf->b_orig_size = (size_t)st->st_size;
#ifdef HAVE_ST_MODE
    buf->b_orig_mode = (int)st->st_mode;
#else
    buf->b_orig_mode = mch_getperm(fname);
#endif
}

/*
 * Adjust the line with missing eol, used for the next write.
 * Used for do_filter(), when the input lines for the filter are deleted.
 */
    void
write_lnum_adjust(offset)
    linenr_T    offset;
{
    if (write_no_eol_lnum)        /* only if there is a missing eol */
    write_no_eol_lnum += offset;
}

#if defined(TEMPDIRNAMES) || defined(PROTO)
static long    temp_count = 0;        /* Temp filename counter. */

/*
 * Delete the temp directory and all files it contains.
 */
    void
vim_deltempdir()
{
    char_u    **files;
    int        file_count;
    int        i;

    if (vim_tempdir != NULL)
    {
    sprintf((char *)NameBuff, "%s*", vim_tempdir);
    if (gen_expand_wildcards(1, &NameBuff, &file_count, &files,
                          EW_DIR|EW_FILE|EW_SILENT) == OK)
    {
        for (i = 0; i < file_count; ++i)
        mch_remove(files[i]);
        FreeWild(file_count, files);
    }
    gettail(NameBuff)[-1] = NUL;
    (void)mch_rmdir(NameBuff);

    vim_free(vim_tempdir);
    vim_tempdir = NULL;
    }
}
#endif

/*
 * vim_tempname(): Return a unique name that can be used for a temp file.
 *
 * The temp file is NOT created.
 *
 * The returned pointer is to allocated memory.
 * The returned pointer is NULL if no valid name was found.
 */
/*ARGSUSED*/
    char_u  *
vim_tempname(extra_char)
    int        extra_char;        /* character to use in the name instead of '?' */
{
#ifdef USE_TMPNAM
    char_u    itmp[L_tmpnam];    /* use tmpnam() */
#else
    char_u    itmp[TEMPNAMELEN];
#endif

#ifdef TEMPDIRNAMES
    static char    *(tempdirs[]) = {TEMPDIRNAMES};
    int        i;
    long    nr;
    long    off;
# ifndef EEXIST
    struct stat    st;
# endif

    /*
     * This will create a directory for private use by this instance of Vim.
     * This is done once, and the same directory is used for all temp files.
     * This method avoids security problems because of symlink attacks et al.
     * It's also a bit faster, because we only need to check for an existing
     * file when creating the directory and not for each temp file.
     */
    if (vim_tempdir == NULL)
    {
    /*
     * Try the entries in TEMPDIRNAMES to create the temp directory.
     */
    for (i = 0; i < sizeof(tempdirs) / sizeof(char *); ++i)
    {
        /* expand $TMP, leave room for "/v1100000/999999999" */
        expand_env((char_u *)tempdirs[i], itmp, TEMPNAMELEN - 20);
        if (mch_isdir(itmp))        /* directory exists */
        {
# ifdef __EMX__
        /* If $TMP contains a forward slash (perhaps using bash or
         * tcsh), don't add a backslash, use a forward slash!
         * Adding 2 backslashes didn't work. */
        if (vim_strchr(itmp, '/') != NULL)
            STRCAT(itmp, "/");
        else
# endif
            add_pathsep(itmp);

        /* Get an arbitrary number of up to 6 digits.  When it's
         * unlikely that it already exists it will be faster,
         * otherwise it doesn't matter.  The use of mkdir() avoids any
         * security problems because of the predictable number. */
        nr = (mch_get_pid() + (long)time(NULL)) % 1000000L;

        /* Try up to 10000 different values until we find a name that
         * doesn't exist. */
        for (off = 0; off < 10000L; ++off)
        {
            int        r;
#if defined(UNIX) || defined(VMS)
            mode_t    umask_save;
#endif

            sprintf((char *)itmp + STRLEN(itmp), "v%ld", nr + off);
# ifndef EEXIST
            /* If mkdir() does not set errno to EEXIST, check for
             * existing file here.  There is a race condition then,
             * although it's fail-safe. */
            if (mch_stat((char *)itmp, &st) >= 0)
            continue;
# endif
#if defined(UNIX) || defined(VMS)
            /* Make sure the umask doesn't remove the executable bit.
             * "repl" has been reported to use "177". */
            umask_save = umask(077);
#endif
            r = vim_mkdir(itmp, 0700);
#if defined(UNIX) || defined(VMS)
            (void)umask(umask_save);
#endif
            if (r == 0)
            {
            char_u    *buf;

            /* Directory was created, use this name.
             * Expand to full path; When using the current
             * directory a ":cd" would confuse us. */
            buf = alloc((unsigned)MAXPATHL + 1);
            if (buf != NULL)
            {
                if (vim_FullName(itmp, buf, MAXPATHL, FALSE)
                                      == FAIL)
                STRCPY(buf, itmp);
# ifdef __EMX__
                if (vim_strchr(buf, '/') != NULL)
                STRCAT(buf, "/");
                else
# endif
                add_pathsep(buf);
                vim_tempdir = vim_strsave(buf);
                vim_free(buf);
            }
            break;
            }
# ifdef EEXIST
            /* If the mkdir() didn't fail because the file/dir exists,
             * we probably can't create any dir here, try another
             * place. */
            if (errno != EEXIST)
# endif
            break;
        }
        if (vim_tempdir != NULL)
            break;
        }
    }
    }

    if (vim_tempdir != NULL)
    {
    /* There is no need to check if the file exists, because we own the
     * directory and nobody else creates a file in it. */
    sprintf((char *)itmp, "%s%ld", vim_tempdir, temp_count++);
    return vim_strsave(itmp);
    }

    return NULL;

#else /* TEMPDIRNAMES */

# ifdef WIN3264
    char    szTempFile[_MAX_PATH + 1];
    char    buf4[4];
    char_u    *retval;
    char_u    *p;

    STRCPY(itmp, "");
    if (GetTempPath(_MAX_PATH, szTempFile) == 0)
    szTempFile[0] = NUL;    /* GetTempPath() failed, use current dir */
    strcpy(buf4, "VIM");
    buf4[2] = extra_char;   /* make it "VIa", "VIb", etc. */
    if (GetTempFileName(szTempFile, buf4, 0, itmp) == 0)
    return NULL;
    /* GetTempFileName() will create the file, we don't want that */
    (void)DeleteFile(itmp);

    /* Backslashes in a temp file name cause problems when filtering with
     * "sh".  NOTE: This also checks 'shellcmdflag' to help those people who
     * didn't set 'shellslash'. */
    retval = vim_strsave(itmp);
    if (*p_shcf == '-' || p_ssl)
    for (p = retval; *p; ++p)
        if (*p == '\\')
        *p = '/';
    return retval;

# else /* WIN3264 */

#  ifdef USE_TMPNAM
    /* tmpnam() will make its own name */
    if (*tmpnam((char *)itmp) == NUL)
    return NULL;
#  else
    char_u    *p;

#   ifdef VMS_TEMPNAM
    /* mktemp() is not working on VMS.  It seems to be
     * a do-nothing function. Therefore we use tempnam().
     */
    sprintf((char *)itmp, "VIM%c", extra_char);
    p = (char_u *)tempnam("tmp:", (char *)itmp);
    if (p != NULL)
    {
    /* VMS will use '.LOG' if we don't explicitly specify an extension,
     * and VIM will then be unable to find the file later */
    STRCPY(itmp, p);
    STRCAT(itmp, ".txt");
    free(p);
    }
    else
    return NULL;
#   else
    STRCPY(itmp, TEMPNAME);
    if ((p = vim_strchr(itmp, '?')) != NULL)
    *p = extra_char;
    if (mktemp((char *)itmp) == NULL)
    return NULL;
#   endif
#  endif

    return vim_strsave(itmp);
# endif /* WIN3264 */
#endif /* TEMPDIRNAMES */
}

/*
 * Code for automatic commands.
 *
 * Only included when "FEAT_AUTOCMD" has been defined.
 */

#if defined(FEAT_AUTOCMD) || defined(PROTO)

/*
 * The autocommands are stored in a list for each event.
 * Autocommands for the same pattern, that are consecutive, are joined
 * together, to avoid having to match the pattern too often.
 * The result is an array of Autopat lists, which point to AutoCmd lists:
 *
 * first_autopat[0] --> Autopat.next  -->  Autopat.next -->  NULL
 *            Autopat.cmds       Autopat.cmds
 *                |             |
 *                V             V
 *            AutoCmd.next       AutoCmd.next
 *                |             |
 *                V             V
 *            AutoCmd.next        NULL
 *                |
 *                V
 *               NULL
 *
 * first_autopat[1] --> Autopat.next  -->  NULL
 *            Autopat.cmds
 *                |
 *                V
 *            AutoCmd.next
 *                |
 *                V
 *               NULL
 *   etc.
 *
 *   The order of AutoCmds is important, this is the order in which they were
 *   defined and will have to be executed.
 */
typedef struct AutoCmd
{
    char_u        *cmd;        /* The command to be executed (NULL
                       when command has been removed) */
    char        nested;        /* If autocommands nest here */
    char        last;        /* last command in list */
#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
    scid_T        scriptID;        /* script ID where defined */
#endif
    struct AutoCmd  *next;        /* Next AutoCmd in list */
} AutoCmd;

typedef struct AutoPat
{
    int            group;        /* group ID */
    char_u        *pat;        /* pattern as typed (NULL when pattern
                       has been removed) */
    int            patlen;        /* strlen() of pat */
    char_u        *reg_pat;        /* pattern converted to regexp */
    char        allow_dirs;        /* Pattern may match whole path */
    char        last;        /* last pattern for apply_autocmds() */
    AutoCmd        *cmds;        /* list of commands to do */
    struct AutoPat  *next;        /* next AutoPat in AutoPat list */
} AutoPat;

static struct event_name
{
    char    *name;    /* event name */
    EVENT_T    event;    /* event number */
} event_names[] =
{
    {"BufAdd",        EVENT_BUFADD},
    {"BufCreate",    EVENT_BUFADD},
    {"BufDelete",    EVENT_BUFDELETE},
    {"BufEnter",    EVENT_BUFENTER},
    {"BufFilePost",    EVENT_BUFFILEPOST},
    {"BufFilePre",    EVENT_BUFFILEPRE},
    {"BufHidden",    EVENT_BUFHIDDEN},
    {"BufLeave",    EVENT_BUFLEAVE},
    {"BufNew",        EVENT_BUFNEW},
    {"BufNewFile",    EVENT_BUFNEWFILE},
    {"BufRead",        EVENT_BUFREADPOST},
    {"BufReadCmd",    EVENT_BUFREADCMD},
    {"BufReadPost",    EVENT_BUFREADPOST},
    {"BufReadPre",    EVENT_BUFREADPRE},
    {"BufUnload",    EVENT_BUFUNLOAD},
    {"BufWinEnter",    EVENT_BUFWINENTER},
    {"BufWinLeave",    EVENT_BUFWINLEAVE},
    {"BufWipeout",    EVENT_BUFWIPEOUT},
    {"BufWrite",    EVENT_BUFWRITEPRE},
    {"BufWritePost",    EVENT_BUFWRITEPOST},
    {"BufWritePre",    EVENT_BUFWRITEPRE},
    {"BufWriteCmd",    EVENT_BUFWRITECMD},
    {"CmdwinEnter",    EVENT_CMDWINENTER},
    {"CmdwinLeave",    EVENT_CMDWINLEAVE},
    {"EncodingChanged",    EVENT_ENCODINGCHANGED},
    {"FileEncoding",    EVENT_ENCODINGCHANGED},
    {"CursorHold",    EVENT_CURSORHOLD},
    {"FileAppendPost",    EVENT_FILEAPPENDPOST},
    {"FileAppendPre",    EVENT_FILEAPPENDPRE},
    {"FileAppendCmd",    EVENT_FILEAPPENDCMD},
    {"FileChangedShell",EVENT_FILECHANGEDSHELL},
    {"FileChangedRO",    EVENT_FILECHANGEDRO},
    {"FileReadPost",    EVENT_FILEREADPOST},
    {"FileReadPre",    EVENT_FILEREADPRE},
    {"FileReadCmd",    EVENT_FILEREADCMD},
    {"FileType",    EVENT_FILETYPE},
    {"FileWritePost",    EVENT_FILEWRITEPOST},
    {"FileWritePre",    EVENT_FILEWRITEPRE},
    {"FileWriteCmd",    EVENT_FILEWRITECMD},
    {"FilterReadPost",    EVENT_FILTERREADPOST},
    {"FilterReadPre",    EVENT_FILTERREADPRE},
    {"FilterWritePost",    EVENT_FILTERWRITEPOST},
    {"FilterWritePre",    EVENT_FILTERWRITEPRE},
    {"FocusGained",    EVENT_FOCUSGAINED},
    {"FocusLost",    EVENT_FOCUSLOST},
    {"FuncUndefined",    EVENT_FUNCUNDEFINED},
    {"GUIEnter",    EVENT_GUIENTER},
    {"RemoteReply",    EVENT_REMOTEREPLY},
    {"StdinReadPost",    EVENT_STDINREADPOST},
    {"StdinReadPre",    EVENT_STDINREADPRE},
    {"Syntax",        EVENT_SYNTAX},
    {"TermChanged",    EVENT_TERMCHANGED},
    {"TermResponse",    EVENT_TERMRESPONSE},
    {"User",        EVENT_USER},
    {"VimEnter",    EVENT_VIMENTER},
    {"VimLeave",    EVENT_VIMLEAVE},
    {"VimLeavePre",    EVENT_VIMLEAVEPRE},
    {"WinEnter",    EVENT_WINENTER},
    {"WinLeave",    EVENT_WINLEAVE},
    {NULL,        (EVENT_T)0}
};

static AutoPat *first_autopat[NUM_EVENTS] =
{
    NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL,
    NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL,
    NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL,
    NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL,
    NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL
};

/*
 * struct used to keep status while executing autocommands for an event.
 */
typedef struct AutoPatCmd
{
    AutoPat    *curpat;    /* next AutoPat to examine */
    AutoCmd    *nextcmd;    /* next AutoCmd to execute */
    int        group;        /* group being used */
    char_u    *fname;        /* fname to match with */
    char_u    *sfname;    /* sfname to match with */
    char_u    *tail;        /* tail of fname */
    EVENT_T    event;        /* current event */
} AutoPatCmd;

/*
 * augroups stores a list of autocmd group names.
 */
garray_T augroups = {0, 0, sizeof(char_u *), 10, NULL};
#define AUGROUP_NAME(i) (((char_u **)augroups.ga_data)[i])

/*
 * The ID of the current group.  Group 0 is the default one.
 */
#define AUGROUP_DEFAULT        -1        /* default autocmd group */
#define AUGROUP_ERROR        -2        /* errornouse autocmd group */
#define AUGROUP_ALL        -3        /* all autocmd groups */
static int current_augroup = AUGROUP_DEFAULT;

static int au_need_clean = FALSE;   /* need to delete marked patterns */

static void show_autocmd __ARGS((AutoPat *ap, EVENT_T event));
static void au_remove_pat __ARGS((AutoPat *ap));
static void au_remove_cmds __ARGS((AutoPat *ap));
static void au_cleanup __ARGS((void));
static int au_new_group __ARGS((char_u *name));
static void au_del_group __ARGS((char_u *name));
static int au_find_group __ARGS((char_u *name));
static EVENT_T event_name2nr __ARGS((char_u *start, char_u **end));
static char_u *event_nr2name __ARGS((EVENT_T event));
static char_u *find_end_event __ARGS((char_u *arg));
static int event_ignored __ARGS((EVENT_T event));
static int au_get_grouparg __ARGS((char_u **argp));
static int do_autocmd_event __ARGS((EVENT_T event, char_u *pat, int nested, char_u *cmd, int forceit, int group));
static char_u *getnextac __ARGS((int c, void *cookie, int indent));
static int apply_autocmds_group __ARGS((EVENT_T event, char_u *fname, char_u *fname_io, int force, int group, buf_T *buf, exarg_T *eap));
static void auto_next_pat __ARGS((AutoPatCmd *apc, int stop_at_last));

static EVENT_T    last_event;
static int    last_group;

#ifdef BACKSLASH_IN_FILENAME
static void forward_slash __ARGS((char_u *));

/*
 * Convert all backslashes in fname to forward slashes in-place.
 */
    static void
forward_slash(fname)
    char_u    *fname;
{
    char_u    *p;

    for (p = fname; *p != NUL; ++p)
# ifdef  FEAT_MBYTE
    /* The Big5 encoding can have '\' in the trail byte. */
    if (enc_dbcs != 0 && (*mb_ptr2len_check)(p) > 1)
        ++p;
    else
# endif
    if (*p == '\\')
        *p = '/';
}
#endif

/*
 * Show the autocommands for one AutoPat.
 */
    static void
show_autocmd(ap, event)
    AutoPat    *ap;
    EVENT_T    event;
{
    AutoCmd *ac;

    /* Check for "got_int" (here and at various places below), which is set
     * when "q" has been hit for the "--more--" prompt */
    if (got_int)
    return;
    if (ap->pat == NULL)        /* pattern has been removed */
    return;

    msg_putchar('\n');
    if (got_int)
    return;
    if (event != last_event || ap->group != last_group)
    {
    if (ap->group != AUGROUP_DEFAULT)
    {
        if (AUGROUP_NAME(ap->group) == NULL)
        msg_puts_attr((char_u *)_("--Deleted--"), hl_attr(HLF_E));
        else
        msg_puts_attr(AUGROUP_NAME(ap->group), hl_attr(HLF_T));
        msg_puts((char_u *)"  ");
    }
    msg_puts_attr(event_nr2name(event), hl_attr(HLF_T));
    last_event = event;
    last_group = ap->group;
    msg_putchar('\n');
    if (got_int)
        return;
    }
    msg_col = 4;
    msg_outtrans(ap->pat);

    for (ac = ap->cmds; ac != NULL; ac = ac->next)
    {
    if (ac->cmd != NULL)        /* skip removed commands */
    {
        if (msg_col >= 14)
        msg_putchar('\n');
        msg_col = 14;
        if (got_int)
        return;
        msg_outtrans(ac->cmd);
        if (got_int)
        return;
        if (ac->next != NULL)
        {
        msg_putchar('\n');
        if (got_int)
            return;
        }
    }
    }
}

/*
 * Mark an autocommand pattern for deletion.
 */
    static void
au_remove_pat(ap)
    AutoPat *ap;
{
    vim_free(ap->pat);
    ap->pat = NULL;
    au_need_clean = TRUE;
}

/*
 * Mark all commands for a pattern for deletion.
 */
    static void
au_remove_cmds(ap)
    AutoPat *ap;
{
    AutoCmd *ac;

    for (ac = ap->cmds; ac != NULL; ac = ac->next)
    {
    vim_free(ac->cmd);
    ac->cmd = NULL;
    }
    au_need_clean = TRUE;
}

/*
 * Cleanup autocommands and patterns that have been deleted.
 * This is only done when not executing autocommands.
 */
    static void
au_cleanup()
{
    AutoPat    *ap, **prev_ap;
    AutoCmd    *ac, **prev_ac;
    EVENT_T    event;

    if (autocmd_busy || !au_need_clean)
    return;

    /* loop over all events */
    for (event = (EVENT_T)0; (int)event < (int)NUM_EVENTS;
                        event = (EVENT_T)((int)event + 1))
    {
    /* loop over all autocommand patterns */
    prev_ap = &(first_autopat[(int)event]);
    for (ap = *prev_ap; ap != NULL; ap = *prev_ap)
    {
        /* loop over all commands for this pattern */
        prev_ac = &(ap->cmds);
        for (ac = *prev_ac; ac != NULL; ac = *prev_ac)
        {
        /* remove the command if the pattern is to be deleted or when
         * the command has been marked for deletion */
        if (ap->pat == NULL || ac->cmd == NULL)
        {
            *prev_ac = ac->next;
            vim_free(ac->cmd);
            vim_free(ac);
        }
        else
            prev_ac = &(ac->next);
        }

        /* remove the pattern if it has been marked for deletion */
        if (ap->pat == NULL)
        {
        *prev_ap = ap->next;
        vim_free(ap->reg_pat);
        vim_free(ap);
        }
        else
        prev_ap = &(ap->next);
    }
    }

    au_need_clean = FALSE;
}

/*
 * Add an autocmd group name.
 * Return it's ID.  Returns AUGROUP_ERROR (< 0) for error.
 */
    static int
au_new_group(name)
    char_u    *name;
{
    int        i;

    i = au_find_group(name);
    if (i == AUGROUP_ERROR)    /* the group doesn't exist yet, add it */
    {
    /* First try using a free entry. */
    for (i = 0; i < augroups.ga_len; ++i)
        if (AUGROUP_NAME(i) == NULL)
        break;
    if (i == augroups.ga_len && ga_grow(&augroups, 1) == FAIL)
        return AUGROUP_ERROR;

    AUGROUP_NAME(i) = vim_strsave(name);
    if (AUGROUP_NAME(i) == NULL)
        return AUGROUP_ERROR;
    if (i == augroups.ga_len)
    {
        ++augroups.ga_len;
        --augroups.ga_room;
    }
    }

    return i;
}

    static void
au_del_group(name)
    char_u    *name;
{
    int        i;

    i = au_find_group(name);
    if (i == AUGROUP_ERROR)    /* the group doesn't exist */
    EMSG2(_("E367: No such group: \"%s\""), name);
    else
    {
    vim_free(AUGROUP_NAME(i));
    AUGROUP_NAME(i) = NULL;
    }
}

/*
 * Find the ID of an autocmd group name.
 * Return it's ID.  Returns AUGROUP_ERROR (< 0) for error.
 */
    static int
au_find_group(name)
    char_u    *name;
{
    int        i;

    for (i = 0; i < augroups.ga_len; ++i)
    if (AUGROUP_NAME(i) != NULL && STRCMP(AUGROUP_NAME(i), name) == 0)
        return i;
    return AUGROUP_ERROR;
}

/*
 * ":augroup {name}".
 */
    void
do_augroup(arg, del_group)
    char_u    *arg;
    int        del_group;
{
    int        i;

    if (del_group)
    {
    if (*arg == NUL)
        EMSG(_(e_argreq));
    else
        au_del_group(arg);
    }
    else if (STRICMP(arg, "end") == 0)   /* ":aug end": back to group 0 */
    current_augroup = AUGROUP_DEFAULT;
    else if (*arg)            /* ":aug xxx": switch to group xxx */
    {
    i = au_new_group(arg);
    if (i != AUGROUP_ERROR)
        current_augroup = i;
    }
    else                /* ":aug": list the group names */
    {
    msg_start();
    for (i = 0; i < augroups.ga_len; ++i)
    {
        if (AUGROUP_NAME(i) != NULL)
        {
        msg_puts(AUGROUP_NAME(i));
        msg_puts((char_u *)"  ");
        }
    }
    msg_clr_eos();
    msg_end();
    }
}

/*
 * Return the event number for event name "start".
 * Return NUM_EVENTS if the event name was not found.
 * Return a pointer to the next event name in "end".
 */
    static EVENT_T
event_name2nr(start, end)
    char_u  *start;
    char_u  **end;
{
    char_u    *p;
    int        i;
    int        len;

    /* the event name ends with end of line, a blank or a comma */
    for (p = start; *p && !vim_iswhite(*p) && *p != ','; ++p)
    ;
    for (i = 0; event_names[i].name != NULL; ++i)
    {
    len = (int)STRLEN(event_names[i].name);
    if (len == p - start && STRNICMP(event_names[i].name, start, len) == 0)
        break;
    }
    if (*p == ',')
    ++p;
    *end = p;
    if (event_names[i].name == NULL)
    return NUM_EVENTS;
    return event_names[i].event;
}

/*
 * Return the name for event "event".
 */
    static char_u *
event_nr2name(event)
    EVENT_T    event;
{
    int        i;

    for (i = 0; event_names[i].name != NULL; ++i)
    if (event_names[i].event == event)
        return (char_u *)event_names[i].name;
    return (char_u *)"Unknown";
}

/*
 * Scan over the events.  "*" stands for all events.
 */
    static char_u *
find_end_event(arg)
    char_u  *arg;
{
    char_u  *pat;
    char_u  *p;

    if (*arg == '*')
    {
    if (arg[1] && !vim_iswhite(arg[1]))
    {
        EMSG2(_("E215: Illegal character after *: %s"), arg);
        return NULL;
    }
    pat = arg + 1;
    }
    else
    {
    for (pat = arg; *pat && !vim_iswhite(*pat); pat = p)
    {
        if ((int)event_name2nr(pat, &p) >= (int)NUM_EVENTS)
        {
        EMSG2(_("E216: No such event: %s"), pat);
        return NULL;
        }
    }
    }
    return pat;
}

/*
 * Return TRUE if "event" is included in 'eventignore'.
 */
    static int
event_ignored(event)
    EVENT_T    event;
{
    char_u    *p = p_ei;

    if (STRICMP(p_ei, "all") == 0)
    return TRUE;

    while (*p)
    if (event_name2nr(p, &p) == event)
        return TRUE;

    return FALSE;
}

/*
 * Return OK when the contents of p_ei is valid, FAIL otherwise.
 */
    int
check_ei()
{
    char_u    *p = p_ei;

    if (STRICMP(p_ei, "all") == 0)
    return OK;

    while (*p)
    if (event_name2nr(p, &p) == NUM_EVENTS)
        return FAIL;

    return OK;
}

/*
 * do_autocmd() -- implements the :autocmd command.  Can be used in the
 *  following ways:
 *
 * :autocmd <event> <pat> <cmd>        Add <cmd> to the list of commands that
 *                    will be automatically executed for <event>
 *                    when editing a file matching <pat>, in
 *                    the current group.
 * :autocmd <event> <pat>        Show the auto-commands associated with
 *                    <event> and <pat>.
 * :autocmd <event>            Show the auto-commands associated with
 *                    <event>.
 * :autocmd                Show all auto-commands.
 * :autocmd! <event> <pat> <cmd>    Remove all auto-commands associated with
 *                    <event> and <pat>, and add the command
 *                    <cmd>, for the current group.
 * :autocmd! <event> <pat>        Remove all auto-commands associated with
 *                    <event> and <pat> for the current group.
 * :autocmd! <event>            Remove all auto-commands associated with
 *                    <event> for the current group.
 * :autocmd!                Remove ALL auto-commands for the current
 *                    group.
 *
 *  Multiple events and patterns may be given separated by commas.  Here are
 *  some examples:
 * :autocmd bufread,bufenter *.c,*.h    set tw=0 smartindent noic
 * :autocmd bufleave         *        set tw=79 nosmartindent ic infercase
 *
 * :autocmd * *.c        show all autocommands for *.c files.
 */
    void
do_autocmd(arg, forceit)
    char_u  *arg;
    int        forceit;
{
    char_u    *pat;
    char_u    *envpat = NULL;
    char_u    *cmd;
    EVENT_T    event;
    int        need_free = FALSE;
    int        nested = FALSE;
    int        group;

    /*
     * Check for a legal group name.  If not, use AUGROUP_ALL.
     */
    group = au_get_grouparg(&arg);
    if (arg == NULL)        /* out of memory */
    return;

    /*
     * Scan over the events.
     * If we find an illegal name, return here, don't do anything.
     */
    pat = find_end_event(arg);
    if (pat == NULL)
    return;

    /*
     * Scan over the pattern.  Put a NUL at the end.
     */
    pat = skipwhite(pat);
    cmd = pat;
    while (*cmd && (!vim_iswhite(*cmd) || cmd[-1] == '\\'))
    cmd++;
    if (*cmd)
    *cmd++ = NUL;

    /* expand environment variables in the pattern */
    if (vim_strchr(pat, '$') != NULL || vim_strchr(pat, '~') != NULL)
    {
    envpat = expand_env_save(pat);
    if (envpat != NULL)
        pat = envpat;
    }

    /*
     * Check for "nested" flag.
     */
    cmd = skipwhite(cmd);
    if (*cmd != NUL && STRNCMP(cmd, "nested", 6) == 0 && vim_iswhite(cmd[6]))
    {
    nested = TRUE;
    cmd = skipwhite(cmd + 6);
    }

    /*
     * Find the start of the commands.
     * Expand <sfile> in it.
     */
    if (*cmd != NUL)
    {
    cmd = expand_sfile(cmd);
    if (cmd == NULL)        /* some error */
        return;
    need_free = TRUE;
    }

    /*
     * Print header when showing autocommands.
     */
    if (!forceit && *cmd == NUL)
    {
    /* Highlight title */
    MSG_PUTS_TITLE(_("\n--- Auto-Commands ---"));
    }

    /*
     * Loop over the events.
     */
    last_event = (EVENT_T)-1;        /* for listing the event name */
    last_group = AUGROUP_ERROR;        /* for listing the group name */
    if (*arg == '*' || *arg == NUL)
    {
    for (event = (EVENT_T)0; (int)event < (int)NUM_EVENTS;
                        event = (EVENT_T)((int)event + 1))
        if (do_autocmd_event(event, pat,
                     nested, cmd, forceit, group) == FAIL)
        break;
    }
    else
    {
    while (*arg && !vim_iswhite(*arg))
        if (do_autocmd_event(event_name2nr(arg, &arg), pat,
                    nested,    cmd, forceit, group) == FAIL)
        break;
    }

    if (need_free)
    vim_free(cmd);
    vim_free(envpat);
}

/*
 * Find the group ID in a ":autocmd" or ":doautocmd" argument.
 * The "argp" argument is advanced to the following argument.
 *
 * Returns the group ID, AUGROUP_ERROR for error (out of memory).
 */
    static int
au_get_grouparg(argp)
    char_u    **argp;
{
    char_u    *group_name;
    char_u    *p;
    char_u    *arg = *argp;
    int        group = AUGROUP_ALL;

    p = skiptowhite(arg);
    if (p > arg)
    {
    group_name = vim_strnsave(arg, (int)(p - arg));
    if (group_name == NULL)        /* out of memory */
        return AUGROUP_ERROR;
    group = au_find_group(group_name);
    if (group == AUGROUP_ERROR)
        group = AUGROUP_ALL;    /* no match, use all groups */
    else
        *argp = skipwhite(p);    /* match, skip over group name */
    vim_free(group_name);
    }
    return group;
}

/*
 * do_autocmd() for one event.
 * If *pat == NUL do for all patterns.
 * If *cmd == NUL show entries.
 * If forceit == TRUE delete entries.
 * If group is not AUGROUP_ALL, only use this group.
 */
    static int
do_autocmd_event(event, pat, nested, cmd, forceit, group)
    EVENT_T    event;
    char_u    *pat;
    int        nested;
    char_u    *cmd;
    int        forceit;
    int        group;
{
    AutoPat    *ap;
    AutoPat    **prev_ap;
    AutoCmd    *ac;
    AutoCmd    **prev_ac;
    int        brace_level;
    char_u    *endpat;
    int        findgroup;
    int        allgroups;
    int        patlen;

    if (group == AUGROUP_ALL)
    findgroup = current_augroup;
    else
    findgroup = group;
    allgroups = (group == AUGROUP_ALL && !forceit && *cmd == NUL);

    /*
     * Show or delete all patterns for an event.
     */
    if (*pat == NUL)
    {
    for (ap = first_autopat[(int)event]; ap != NULL; ap = ap->next)
    {
        if (forceit)  /* delete the AutoPat, if it's in the current group */
        {
        if (ap->group == findgroup)
            au_remove_pat(ap);
        }
        else if (group == AUGROUP_ALL || ap->group == group)
        show_autocmd(ap, event);
    }
    }

    /*
     * Loop through all the specified patterns.
     */
    for ( ; *pat; pat = (*endpat == ',' ? endpat + 1 : endpat))
    {
    /*
     * Find end of the pattern.
     * Watch out for a comma in braces, like "*.\{obj,o\}".
     */
    brace_level = 0;
    for (endpat = pat; *endpat && (*endpat != ',' || brace_level
                         || endpat[-1] == '\\'); ++endpat)
    {
        if (*endpat == '{')
        brace_level++;
        else if (*endpat == '}')
        brace_level--;
    }
    if (pat == endpat)        /* ignore single comma */
        continue;
    patlen = (int)(endpat - pat);

    /*
     * Find AutoPat entries with this pattern.
     */
    prev_ap = &first_autopat[(int)event];
    while ((ap = *prev_ap) != NULL)
    {
        if (ap->pat != NULL)
        {
        /* Accept a pattern when:
         * - a group was specified and it's that group, or a group was
         *   not specified and it's the current group, or a group was
         *   not specified and we are listing
         * - the length of the pattern matches
         * - the pattern matches
         */
        if ((allgroups || ap->group == findgroup)
            && ap->patlen == patlen
            && STRNCMP(pat, ap->pat, patlen) == 0)
        {
            /*
             * Remove existing autocommands.
             * If adding any new autocmd's for this AutoPat, don't
             * delete the pattern from the autopat list, append to
             * this list.
             */
            if (forceit)
            {
            if (*cmd != NUL && ap->next == NULL)
            {
                au_remove_cmds(ap);
                break;
            }
            au_remove_pat(ap);
            }

            /*
             * Show autocmd's for this autopat
             */
            else if (*cmd == NUL)
            show_autocmd(ap, event);

            /*
             * Add autocmd to this autopat, if it's the last one.
             */
            else if (ap->next == NULL)
            break;
        }
        }
        prev_ap = &ap->next;
    }

    /*
     * Add a new command.
     */
    if (*cmd != NUL)
    {
        /*
         * If the pattern we want to add a command to does appear at the
         * end of the list (or not is not in the list at all), add the
         * pattern at the end of the list.
         */
        if (ap == NULL)
        {
        ap = (AutoPat *)alloc((unsigned)sizeof(AutoPat));
        if (ap == NULL)
            return FAIL;
        ap->pat = vim_strnsave(pat, patlen);
        ap->patlen = patlen;
        if (ap->pat == NULL)
        {
            vim_free(ap);
            return FAIL;
        }
        ap->reg_pat = file_pat_to_reg_pat(pat, endpat,
                               &ap->allow_dirs, TRUE);
        if (ap->reg_pat == NULL)
        {
            vim_free(ap->pat);
            vim_free(ap);
            return FAIL;
        }
        ap->cmds = NULL;
        *prev_ap = ap;
        ap->next = NULL;
        if (group == AUGROUP_ALL)
            ap->group = current_augroup;
        else
            ap->group = group;
        }

        /*
         * Add the autocmd at the end of the AutoCmd list.
         */
        prev_ac = &(ap->cmds);
        while ((ac = *prev_ac) != NULL)
        prev_ac = &ac->next;
        ac = (AutoCmd *)alloc((unsigned)sizeof(AutoCmd));
        if (ac == NULL)
        return FAIL;
        ac->cmd = vim_strsave(cmd);
#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
        ac->scriptID = current_SID;
#endif
        if (ac->cmd == NULL)
        {
        vim_free(ac);
        return FAIL;
        }
        ac->next = NULL;
        *prev_ac = ac;
        ac->nested = nested;
    }
    }

    au_cleanup();    /* may really delete removed patterns/commands now */
    return OK;
}

/*
 * Implementation of ":doautocmd [group] event [fname]".
 * Return OK for success, FAIL for failure;
 */
    int
do_doautocmd(arg, do_msg)
    char_u    *arg;
    int        do_msg;        /* give message for no matching autocmds? */
{
    char_u    *fname;
    int        nothing_done = TRUE;
    int        group;

    /*
     * Check for a legal group name.  If not, use AUGROUP_ALL.
     */
    group = au_get_grouparg(&arg);
    if (arg == NULL)        /* out of memory */
    return FAIL;

    if (*arg == '*')
    {
    EMSG(_("E217: Can't execute autocommands for ALL events"));
    return FAIL;
    }

    /*
     * Scan over the events.
     * If we find an illegal name, return here, don't do anything.
     */
    fname = find_end_event(arg);
    if (fname == NULL)
    return FAIL;

    fname = skipwhite(fname);

    /*
     * Loop over the events.
     */
    while (*arg && !vim_iswhite(*arg))
    if (apply_autocmds_group(event_name2nr(arg, &arg),
                      fname, NULL, TRUE, group, curbuf, NULL))
        nothing_done = FALSE;

    if (nothing_done && do_msg)
    MSG(_("No matching autocommands"));

#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
    return aborting() ? FAIL : OK;
#else
    return OK;
#endif
}

/*
 * ":doautoall": execute autocommands for each loaded buffer.
 */
    void
ex_doautoall(eap)
    exarg_T    *eap;
{
    int        retval;
    aco_save_T    aco;
    buf_T    *buf;

    /*
     * This is a bit tricky: For some commands curwin->w_buffer needs to be
     * equal to curbuf, but for some buffers there may not be a window.
     * So we change the buffer for the current window for a moment.  This
     * gives problems when the autocommands make changes to the list of
     * buffers or windows...
     */
    for (buf = firstbuf; buf != NULL; buf = buf->b_next)
    {
    if (curbuf->b_ml.ml_mfp != NULL)
    {
        /* find a window for this buffer and save some values */
        aucmd_prepbuf(&aco, buf);

        /* execute the autocommands for this buffer */
        retval = do_doautocmd(eap->arg, FALSE);
        do_modelines();

        /* restore the current window */
        aucmd_restbuf(&aco);

        /* stop if there is some error or buffer was deleted */
        if (retval == FAIL || !buf_valid(buf))
        break;
    }
    }

    check_cursor();        /* just in case lines got deleted */
}

/*
 * Prepare for executing autocommands for (hidden) buffer "buf".
 * Search a window for the current buffer.  Save the cursor position and
 * screen offset.
 * Set "curbuf" and "curwin" to match "buf".
 */
    void
aucmd_prepbuf(aco, buf)
    aco_save_T    *aco;        /* structure to save values in */
    buf_T    *buf;        /* new curbuf */
{
    win_T    *win;

    aco->new_curbuf = buf;

    /* Find a window that is for the new buffer */
    if (buf == curbuf)        /* be quick when buf is curbuf */
    win = curwin;
    else
#ifdef FEAT_WINDOWS
    for (win = firstwin; win != NULL; win = win->w_next)
        if (win->w_buffer == buf)
        break;
#else
    win = NULL;
#endif

    /*
     * Prefer to use an existing window for the buffer, it has the least side
     * effects (esp. if "buf" is curbuf).
     * Otherwise, use curwin for "buf".  It might make some items in the
     * window invalid.  At least save the cursor and topline.
     */
    if (win != NULL)
    {
    /* there is a window for "buf", make it the curwin */
    aco->save_curwin = curwin;
    curwin = win;
    aco->save_buf = win->w_buffer;
    aco->new_curwin = win;
    }
    else
    {
    /* there is no window for "buf", use curwin */
    aco->save_curwin = NULL;
    aco->save_buf = curbuf;
    --curbuf->b_nwindows;
    curwin->w_buffer = buf;
    ++buf->b_nwindows;

    /* save cursor and topline, set them to safe values */
    aco->save_cursor = curwin->w_cursor;
    curwin->w_cursor.lnum = 1;
    curwin->w_cursor.col = 0;
    aco->save_topline = curwin->w_topline;
    curwin->w_topline = 1;
#ifdef FEAT_DIFF
    aco->save_topfill = curwin->w_topfill;
    curwin->w_topfill = 0;
#endif
    }

    curbuf = buf;
}

/*
 * Cleanup after executing autocommands for a (hidden) buffer.
 * Restore the window as it was (if possible).
 */
    void
aucmd_restbuf(aco)
    aco_save_T    *aco;        /* structure holding saved values */
{
    if (aco->save_curwin != NULL)
    {
    /* restore curwin */
#ifdef FEAT_WINDOWS
    if (win_valid(aco->save_curwin))
#endif
    {
        /* restore the buffer which was previously edited by curwin, if
         * it's still the same window and it's valid */
        if (curwin == aco->new_curwin
            && buf_valid(aco->save_buf)
            && aco->save_buf->b_ml.ml_mfp != NULL)
        {
        --curbuf->b_nwindows;
        curbuf = aco->save_buf;
        curwin->w_buffer = curbuf;
        ++curbuf->b_nwindows;
        }

        curwin = aco->save_curwin;
        curbuf = curwin->w_buffer;
    }
    }
    else
    {
    /* restore buffer for curwin if it still exists and is loaded */
    if (buf_valid(aco->save_buf) && aco->save_buf->b_ml.ml_mfp != NULL)
    {
        --curbuf->b_nwindows;
        curbuf = aco->save_buf;
        curwin->w_buffer = curbuf;
        ++curbuf->b_nwindows;
        curwin->w_cursor = aco->save_cursor;
        check_cursor();
        /* check topline < line_count, in case lines got deleted */
        if (aco->save_topline <= curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count)
        {
        curwin->w_topline = aco->save_topline;
#ifdef FEAT_DIFF
        curwin->w_topfill = aco->save_topfill;
#endif
        }
        else
        {
        curwin->w_topline = curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count;
#ifdef FEAT_DIFF
        curwin->w_topfill = 0;
#endif
        }
    }
    }
}

static int    autocmd_nested = FALSE;

/*
 * Execute autocommands for "event" and file name "fname".
 * Return TRUE if some commands were executed.
 */
    int
apply_autocmds(event, fname, fname_io, force, buf)
    EVENT_T    event;
    char_u    *fname;        /* NULL or empty means use actual file name */
    char_u    *fname_io;  /* fname to use for <afile> on cmdline */
    int        force;        /* when TRUE, ignore autocmd_busy */
    buf_T    *buf;        /* buffer for <abuf> */
{
    return apply_autocmds_group(event, fname, fname_io, force,
                              AUGROUP_ALL, buf, NULL);
}

/*
 * Like apply_autocmds(), but with extra "eap" argument.  This takes care of
 * setting v:filearg.
 */
    static int
apply_autocmds_exarg(event, fname, fname_io, force, buf, eap)
    EVENT_T    event;
    char_u    *fname;
    char_u    *fname_io;
    int        force;
    buf_T    *buf;
    exarg_T    *eap;
{
    return apply_autocmds_group(event, fname, fname_io, force,
                               AUGROUP_ALL, buf, eap);
}

/*
 * Like apply_autocmds(), but handles the caller's retval.  If the script
 * processing is being aborted or if retval is FAIL when inside a try
 * conditional, no autocommands are executed.  If otherwise the autocommands
 * cause the script to be aborted, retval is set to FAIL.
 */
    int
apply_autocmds_retval(event, fname, fname_io, force, buf, retval)
    EVENT_T    event;
    char_u    *fname;        /* NULL or empty means use actual file name */
    char_u    *fname_io;  /* fname to use for <afile> on cmdline */
    int        force;        /* when TRUE, ignore autocmd_busy */
    buf_T    *buf;        /* buffer for <abuf> */
    int        *retval;    /* pointer to caller's retval */
{
    int        did_cmd;

    if (should_abort(*retval))
    return FALSE;

    did_cmd = apply_autocmds_group(event, fname, fname_io, force,
                              AUGROUP_ALL, buf, NULL);
    if (did_cmd && aborting())
    *retval = FAIL;
    return did_cmd;
}

#if defined(FEAT_AUTOCMD) || defined(PROTO)
    int
has_cursorhold()
{
    return (first_autopat[(int)EVENT_CURSORHOLD] != NULL);
}
#endif

    static int
apply_autocmds_group(event, fname, fname_io, force, group, buf, eap)
    EVENT_T    event;
    char_u    *fname;        /* NULL or empty means use actual file name */
    char_u    *fname_io;  /* fname to use for <afile> on cmdline, NULL means
                   use fname */
    int        force;        /* when TRUE, ignore autocmd_busy */
    int        group;        /* group ID, or AUGROUP_ALL */
    buf_T    *buf;        /* buffer for <abuf> */
    exarg_T    *eap;        /* command arguments */
{
    char_u    *sfname = NULL;    /* short file name */
    char_u    *tail;
    int        save_changed;
    buf_T    *old_curbuf;
    int        retval = FALSE;
    char_u    *save_sourcing_name;
    linenr_T    save_sourcing_lnum;
    char_u    *save_autocmd_fname;
    int        save_autocmd_bufnr;
    char_u    *save_autocmd_match;
    int        save_autocmd_busy;
    int        save_autocmd_nested;
    static int    nesting = 0;
    AutoPatCmd    patcmd;
    AutoPat    *ap;
#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
    scid_T    save_current_SID;
    void    *save_funccalp;
    char_u    *save_cmdarg;
#endif
    static int    filechangeshell_busy = FALSE;

    /*
     * Quickly return if there are no autocommands for this event or
     * autocommands are blocked.
     */
    if (first_autopat[(int)event] == NULL || autocmd_block > 0)
    return retval;

    /*
     * When autocommands are busy, new autocommands are only executed when
     * explicitly enabled with the "nested" flag.
     */
    if (autocmd_busy && !(force || autocmd_nested))
    return retval;

#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
    /*
     * Quickly return when immdediately aborting on error, or when an interrupt
     * occurred or an exception was thrown but not caught.
     */
    if (aborting())
    return retval;
#endif

    /*
     * FileChangedShell never nests, because it can create an endless loop.
     */
    if (filechangeshell_busy && event == EVENT_FILECHANGEDSHELL)
    return retval;

    /*
     * Ignore events in 'eventignore'.
     */
    if (event_ignored(event))
    return retval;

    /*
     * Allow nesting of autocommands, but restrict the depth, because it's
     * possible to create an endless loop.
     */
    if (nesting == 10)
    {
    EMSG(_("E218: autocommand nesting too deep"));
    return retval;
    }

    /*
     * Check if these autocommands are disabled.  Used when doing ":all" or
     * ":ball".
     */
    if (       (autocmd_no_enter
        && (event == EVENT_WINENTER || event == EVENT_BUFENTER))
        || (autocmd_no_leave
        && (event == EVENT_WINLEAVE || event == EVENT_BUFLEAVE)))
    return retval;

    /*
     * Save the autocmd_* variables and info about the current buffer.
     */
    save_autocmd_fname = autocmd_fname;
    save_autocmd_bufnr = autocmd_bufnr;
    save_autocmd_match = autocmd_match;
    save_autocmd_busy = autocmd_busy;
    save_autocmd_nested = autocmd_nested;
    save_changed = curbuf->b_changed;
    old_curbuf = curbuf;

    /*
     * Set the file name to be used for <afile>.
     */
    if (fname_io == NULL)
    {
    if (fname != NULL && *fname != NUL)
        autocmd_fname = fname;
    else if (buf != NULL)
        autocmd_fname = buf->b_fname;
    else
        autocmd_fname = NULL;
    }
    else
    autocmd_fname = fname_io;

    /*
     * Set the buffer number to be used for <abuf>.
     */
    if (buf == NULL)
    autocmd_bufnr = 0;
    else
    autocmd_bufnr = buf->b_fnum;

    /*
     * When the file name is NULL or empty, use the file name of buffer "buf".
     * Always use the full path of the file name to match with, in case
     * "allow_dirs" is set.
     */
    if (fname == NULL || *fname == NUL)
    {
    if (buf == NULL)
        fname = NULL;
    else
    {
#ifdef FEAT_SYN_HL
        if (event == EVENT_SYNTAX)
        fname = buf->b_p_syn;
        else
#endif
        if (event == EVENT_FILETYPE)
            fname = buf->b_p_ft;
        else
        {
            if (buf->b_sfname != NULL)
            sfname = vim_strsave(buf->b_sfname);
            fname = buf->b_ffname;
        }
    }
    if (fname == NULL)
        fname = (char_u *)"";
    fname = vim_strsave(fname);    /* make a copy, so we can change it */
    }
    else
    {
    sfname = vim_strsave(fname);
    /* Don't try expanding FileType, Syntax or WindowID. */
    if (event == EVENT_FILETYPE || event == EVENT_SYNTAX
        || event == EVENT_REMOTEREPLY)
        fname = vim_strsave(fname);
    else
        fname = FullName_save(fname, FALSE);
    }
    if (fname == NULL)        /* out of memory */
    {
    vim_free(sfname);
    return FALSE;
    }

#ifdef BACKSLASH_IN_FILENAME
    /*
     * Replace all backslashes with forward slashes.  This makes the
     * autocommand patterns portable between Unix and MS-DOS.
     */
    if (sfname != NULL)
    forward_slash(sfname);
    forward_slash(fname);
#endif

#ifdef VMS
    /* remove version for correct match */
    if (sfname != NULL)
    vms_remove_version(sfname);
    vms_remove_version(fname);
#endif

    /*
     * Set the name to be used for <amatch>.
     */
    autocmd_match = fname;


    /* Don't redraw while doing auto commands. */
    ++RedrawingDisabled;
    save_sourcing_name = sourcing_name;
    sourcing_name = NULL;    /* don't free this one */
    save_sourcing_lnum = sourcing_lnum;
    sourcing_lnum = 0;        /* no line number here */

#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
    save_current_SID = current_SID;

    /* Don't use local function variables, if called from a function */
    save_funccalp = save_funccal();
#endif

    /*
     * When starting to execute autocommands, save the search patterns.
     */
    if (!autocmd_busy)
    {
    save_search_patterns();
    saveRedobuff();
    did_filetype = keep_filetype;
    }

    /*
     * Note that we are applying autocmds.  Some commands need to know.
     */
    autocmd_busy = TRUE;
    filechangeshell_busy = (event == EVENT_FILECHANGEDSHELL);
    ++nesting;

    /* Remember that FileType was triggered.  Used for did_filetype(). */
    if (event == EVENT_FILETYPE)
    did_filetype = TRUE;

    tail = gettail(fname);

    /* Find first autocommand that matches */
    patcmd.curpat = first_autopat[(int)event];
    patcmd.nextcmd = NULL;
    patcmd.group = group;
    patcmd.fname = fname;
    patcmd.sfname = sfname;
    patcmd.tail = tail;
    patcmd.event = event;
    auto_next_pat(&patcmd, FALSE);

    /* found one, start executing the autocommands */
    if (patcmd.curpat != NULL)
    {
#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
    /* set v:cmdarg (only when there is a matching pattern) */
    if (eap != NULL)
        save_cmdarg = set_cmdarg(eap, NULL);
    else
        save_cmdarg = NULL;    /* avoid gcc warning */
#endif
    retval = TRUE;
    /* mark the last pattern, to avoid an endless loop when more patterns
     * are added when executing autocommands */
    for (ap = patcmd.curpat; ap->next != NULL; ap = ap->next)
        ap->last = FALSE;
    ap->last = TRUE;
    check_lnums(TRUE);    /* make sure cursor and topline are valid */
    do_cmdline(NULL, getnextac, (void *)&patcmd,
                     DOCMD_NOWAIT|DOCMD_VERBOSE|DOCMD_REPEAT);
#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
    if (eap != NULL)
        (void)set_cmdarg(NULL, save_cmdarg);
#endif
    }

    --RedrawingDisabled;
    autocmd_busy = save_autocmd_busy;
    filechangeshell_busy = FALSE;
    autocmd_nested = save_autocmd_nested;
    vim_free(sourcing_name);
    sourcing_name = save_sourcing_name;
    sourcing_lnum = save_sourcing_lnum;
    autocmd_fname = save_autocmd_fname;
    autocmd_bufnr = save_autocmd_bufnr;
    autocmd_match = save_autocmd_match;
#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
    current_SID = save_current_SID;
    restore_funccal(save_funccalp);
#endif
    vim_free(fname);
    vim_free(sfname);
    --nesting;

    /*
     * When stopping to execute autocommands, restore the search patterns and
     * the redo buffer.
     */
    if (!autocmd_busy)
    {
    restore_search_patterns();
    restoreRedobuff();
    did_filetype = FALSE;
    }

    /*
     * Some events don't set or reset the Changed flag.
     * Check if still in the same buffer!
     */
    if (curbuf == old_curbuf
        && (event == EVENT_BUFREADPOST
        || event == EVENT_BUFWRITEPOST
        || event == EVENT_FILEAPPENDPOST
        || event == EVENT_VIMLEAVE
        || event == EVENT_VIMLEAVEPRE))
    {
#ifdef FEAT_TITLE
    if (curbuf->b_changed != save_changed)
        need_maketitle = TRUE;
#endif
    curbuf->b_changed = save_changed;
    }

    au_cleanup();    /* may really delete removed patterns/commands now */
    return retval;
}

/*
 * Find next autocommand pattern that matches.
 */
    static void
auto_next_pat(apc, stop_at_last)
    AutoPatCmd    *apc;
    int        stop_at_last;        /* stop when 'last' flag is set */
{
    AutoPat    *ap;
    AutoCmd    *cp;
    char_u    *name;
    char    *s;

    vim_free(sourcing_name);
    sourcing_name = NULL;

    for (ap = apc->curpat; ap != NULL && !got_int; ap = ap->next)
    {
    apc->curpat = NULL;

    /* only use a pattern when it has not been removed, has commands and
     * the group matches */
    if (ap->pat != NULL && ap->cmds != NULL
        && (apc->group == AUGROUP_ALL || apc->group == ap->group))
    {
        if (match_file_pat(ap->reg_pat, apc->fname, apc->sfname, apc->tail,
                                  ap->allow_dirs))
        {
        name = event_nr2name(apc->event);
        s = _("%s Auto commands for \"%s\"");
        sourcing_name = alloc((unsigned)(STRLEN(s)
                        + STRLEN(name) + ap->patlen + 1));
        if (sourcing_name != NULL)
        {
            sprintf((char *)sourcing_name, s,
                           (char *)name, (char *)ap->pat);
            if (p_verbose >= 8)
            msg_str((char_u *)_("Executing %s"), sourcing_name);
        }

        apc->curpat = ap;
        apc->nextcmd = ap->cmds;
        /* mark last command */
        for (cp = ap->cmds; cp->next != NULL; cp = cp->next)
            cp->last = FALSE;
        cp->last = TRUE;
        }
        line_breakcheck();
        if (apc->curpat != NULL)        /* found a match */
        break;
    }
    if (stop_at_last && ap->last)
        break;
    }
}

/*
 * Get next autocommand command.
 * Called by do_cmdline() to get the next line for ":if".
 * Returns allocated string, or NULL for end of autocommands.
 */
/* ARGSUSED */
    static char_u *
getnextac(c, cookie, indent)
    int        c;            /* not used */
    void    *cookie;
    int        indent;        /* not used */
{
    AutoPatCmd        *acp = (AutoPatCmd *)cookie;
    char_u        *retval;
    AutoCmd        *ac;

    /* Can be called again after returning the last line. */
    if (acp->curpat == NULL)
    return NULL;

    /* repeat until we find an autocommand to execute */
    for (;;)
    {
    /* skip removed commands */
    while (acp->nextcmd != NULL && acp->nextcmd->cmd == NULL)
        if (acp->nextcmd->last)
        acp->nextcmd = NULL;
        else
        acp->nextcmd = acp->nextcmd->next;

    if (acp->nextcmd != NULL)
        break;

    /* at end of commands, find next pattern that matches */
    if (acp->curpat->last)
        acp->curpat = NULL;
    else
        acp->curpat = acp->curpat->next;
    if (acp->curpat != NULL)
        auto_next_pat(acp, TRUE);
    if (acp->curpat == NULL)
        return NULL;
    }

    ac = acp->nextcmd;

    if (p_verbose >= 9)
    {
    msg_scroll = TRUE;        /* always scroll up, don't overwrite */
    msg_str((char_u *)_("autocommand %s"), ac->cmd);
    msg_puts((char_u *)"\n");   /* don't overwrite this either */
    cmdline_row = msg_row;
    }
    retval = vim_strsave(ac->cmd);
    autocmd_nested = ac->nested;
#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
    current_SID = ac->scriptID;
#endif
    if (ac->last)
    acp->nextcmd = NULL;
    else
    acp->nextcmd = ac->next;
    return retval;
}

/*
 * Return TRUE if there is a matching autocommand for "fname".
 */
    int
has_autocmd(event, sfname)
    EVENT_T    event;
    char_u    *sfname;
{
    AutoPat    *ap;
    char_u    *fname;
    char_u    *tail = gettail(sfname);
    int        retval = FALSE;

    fname = FullName_save(sfname, FALSE);
    if (fname == NULL)
    return FALSE;

#ifdef BACKSLASH_IN_FILENAME
    /*
     * Replace all backslashes with forward slashes.  This makes the
     * autocommand patterns portable between Unix and MS-DOS.
     */
    sfname = vim_strsave(sfname);
    if (sfname != NULL)
    forward_slash(sfname);
    forward_slash(fname);
#endif

    for (ap = first_autopat[(int)event]; ap != NULL; ap = ap->next)
    if (ap->pat != NULL && ap->cmds != NULL
        && match_file_pat(ap->reg_pat, fname, sfname, tail,
                                  ap->allow_dirs))
    {
        retval = TRUE;
        break;
    }

    vim_free(fname);
#ifdef BACKSLASH_IN_FILENAME
    vim_free(sfname);
#endif

    return retval;
}

#if defined(FEAT_CMDL_COMPL) || defined(PROTO)
/*
 * Function given to ExpandGeneric() to obtain the list of autocommand group
 * names.
 */
/*ARGSUSED*/
    char_u *
get_augroup_name(xp, idx)
    expand_T    *xp;
    int        idx;
{
    if (idx == augroups.ga_len)        /* add "END" add the end */
    return (char_u *)"END";
    if (idx >= augroups.ga_len)        /* end of list */
    return NULL;
    if (AUGROUP_NAME(idx) == NULL)    /* skip deleted entries */
    return (char_u *)"";
    return AUGROUP_NAME(idx);        /* return a name */
}

static int include_groups = FALSE;

    char_u  *
set_context_in_autocmd(xp, arg, doautocmd)
    expand_T    *xp;
    char_u    *arg;
    int        doautocmd;    /* TRUE for :doautocmd, FALSE for :autocmd */
{
    char_u    *p;
    int        group;

    /* check for a group name, skip it if present */
    include_groups = FALSE;
    p = arg;
    group = au_get_grouparg(&arg);
    if (group == AUGROUP_ERROR)
    return NULL;
    /* If there only is a group name that's what we expand. */
    if (*arg == NUL && group != AUGROUP_ALL && !vim_iswhite(arg[-1]))
    {
    arg = p;
    group = AUGROUP_ALL;
    }

    /* skip over event name */
    for (p = arg; *p != NUL && !vim_iswhite(*p); ++p)
    if (*p == ',')
        arg = p + 1;
    if (*p == NUL)
    {
    if (group == AUGROUP_ALL)
        include_groups = TRUE;
    xp->xp_context = EXPAND_EVENTS;        /* expand event name */
    xp->xp_pattern = arg;
    return NULL;
    }

    /* skip over pattern */
    arg = skipwhite(p);
    while (*arg && (!vim_iswhite(*arg) || arg[-1] == '\\'))
    arg++;
    if (*arg)
    return arg;                /* expand (next) command */

    if (doautocmd)
    xp->xp_context = EXPAND_FILES;        /* expand file names */
    else
    xp->xp_context = EXPAND_NOTHING;    /* pattern is not expanded */
    return NULL;
}

/*
 * Function given to ExpandGeneric() to obtain the list of event names.
 */
/*ARGSUSED*/
    char_u *
get_event_name(xp, idx)
    expand_T    *xp;
    int        idx;
{
    if (idx < augroups.ga_len)        /* First list group names, if wanted */
    {
    if (!include_groups || AUGROUP_NAME(idx) == NULL)
        return (char_u *)"";    /* skip deleted entries */
    return AUGROUP_NAME(idx);    /* return a name */
    }
    return (char_u *)event_names[idx - augroups.ga_len].name;
}

#endif    /* FEAT_CMDL_COMPL */

/*
 * Return TRUE if an autocommand is defined for "event" and "pattern".
 * "pattern" can be NULL to accept any pattern.
 */
    int
au_exists(name, name_end, pattern)
    char_u    *name;
    char_u    *name_end;
    char_u    *pattern;
{
    char_u    *event_name;
    char_u    *p;
    EVENT_T    event;
    AutoPat    *ap;

    /* find the index (enum) for the event name */
    event_name = vim_strnsave(name, (int)(name_end - name));
    if (event_name == NULL)
    return FALSE;
    event = event_name2nr(event_name, &p);
    vim_free(event_name);

    /* return FALSE if the event name is not recognized */
    if (event == NUM_EVENTS)        /* unknown event name */
    return FALSE;

    /* Find the first autocommand for this event.
     * If there isn't any, return FALSE;
     * If there is one and no pattern given, return TRUE; */
    ap = first_autopat[(int)event];
    if (ap == NULL)
    return FALSE;
    if (pattern == NULL)
    return TRUE;

    /* Check if there is an autocommand with the given pattern. */
    for ( ; ap != NULL; ap = ap->next)
    /* only use a pattern when it has not been removed and has commands */
    if (ap->pat != NULL && ap->cmds != NULL
                       && fnamecmp(ap->pat, pattern) == 0)
        return TRUE;

    return FALSE;
}
#endif    /* FEAT_AUTOCMD */

#if defined(FEAT_AUTOCMD) || defined(FEAT_WILDIGN) || defined(PROTO)
/*
 * Try matching a filename with a pattern.
 * Used for autocommands and 'wildignore'.
 * Returns TRUE if there is a match, FALSE otherwise.
 */
    int
match_file_pat(pattern, fname, sfname, tail, allow_dirs)
    char_u    *pattern;        /* pattern to match with */
    char_u    *fname;            /* full path of file name */
    char_u    *sfname;        /* short file name or NULL */
    char_u    *tail;            /* tail of path */
    int        allow_dirs;        /* allow matching with dir */
{
    regmatch_T    regmatch;
    int        result = FALSE;
#ifdef FEAT_OSFILETYPE
    int        no_pattern = FALSE; /* TRUE if check is filetype only */
    char_u    *type_start;
    char_u    c;
    int        match = FALSE;
#endif

#ifdef CASE_INSENSITIVE_FILENAME
    regmatch.rm_ic = TRUE;        /* Always ignore case */
#else
    regmatch.rm_ic = FALSE;        /* Don't ever ignore case */
#endif
#ifdef FEAT_OSFILETYPE
    if (*pattern == '<')
    {
    /* There is a filetype condition specified with this pattern.
     * Check the filetype matches first. If not, don't bother with the
     * pattern (set regprog to NULL).
     * Always use magic for the regexp.
     */

    for (type_start = pattern + 1; (c = *pattern); pattern++)
    {
        if ((c == ';' || c == '>') && match == FALSE)
        {
        *pattern = NUL;        /* Terminate the string */
        match = mch_check_filetype(fname, type_start);
        *pattern = c;        /* Restore the terminator */
        type_start = pattern + 1;
        }
        if (c == '>')
        break;
    }

    /* (c should never be NUL, but check anyway) */
    if (match == FALSE || c == NUL)
        regmatch.regprog = NULL;    /* Doesn't match - don't check pat. */
    else if (*pattern == NUL)
    {
        regmatch.regprog = NULL;    /* Vim will try to free regprog later */
        no_pattern = TRUE;    /* Always matches - don't check pat. */
    }
    else
        regmatch.regprog = vim_regcomp(pattern + 1, RE_MAGIC);
    }
    else
#endif
    regmatch.regprog = vim_regcomp(pattern, RE_MAGIC);

    /*
     * Try for a match with the pattern with:
     * 1. the full file name, when the pattern has a '/'.
     * 2. the short file name, when the pattern has a '/'.
     * 3. the tail of the file name, when the pattern has no '/'.
     */
    if (
#ifdef FEAT_OSFILETYPE
        /* If the check is for a filetype only and we don't care
         * about the path then skip all the regexp stuff.
         */
        no_pattern ||
#endif
        (regmatch.regprog != NULL
         && ((allow_dirs
             && (vim_regexec(®match, fname, (colnr_T)0)
             || (sfname != NULL
                 && vim_regexec(®match, sfname, (colnr_T)0))))
         || (!allow_dirs && vim_regexec(®match, tail, (colnr_T)0)))))
    result = TRUE;

    vim_free(regmatch.regprog);
    return result;
}
#endif

#if defined(FEAT_WILDIGN) || defined(PROTO)
/*
 * Return TRUE if a file matches with a pattern in "list".
 * "list" is a comma-separated list of patterns, like 'wildignore'.
 * "sfname" is the short file name or NULL, "ffname" the long file name.
 */
    int
match_file_list(list, sfname, ffname)
    char_u    *list;
    char_u    *sfname;
    char_u    *ffname;
{
    char_u    buf[100];
    char_u    *tail;
    char_u    *regpat;
    char    allow_dirs;
    int        match;
    char_u    *p;

    tail = gettail(sfname);

    /* try all patterns in 'wildignore' */
    p = list;
    while (*p)
    {
    copy_option_part(&p, buf, 100, ",");
    regpat = file_pat_to_reg_pat(buf, NULL, &allow_dirs, FALSE);
    if (regpat == NULL)
        break;
    match = match_file_pat(regpat, ffname, sfname, tail, (int)allow_dirs);
    vim_free(regpat);
    if (match)
        return TRUE;
    }
    return FALSE;
}
#endif

/*
 * Convert the given pattern "pat" which has shell style wildcards in it, into
 * a regular expression, and return the result in allocated memory.  If there
 * is a directory path separator to be matched, then TRUE is put in
 * allow_dirs, otherwise FALSE is put there -- webb.
 * Handle backslashes before special characters, like "\*" and "\ ".
 *
 * If FEAT_OSFILETYPE defined then pass initial <type> through unchanged. Eg:
 * '<html>myfile' becomes '<html>^myfile$' -- leonard.
 *
 * Returns NULL when out of memory.
 */
/*ARGSUSED*/
    char_u *
file_pat_to_reg_pat(pat, pat_end, allow_dirs, no_bslash)
    char_u    *pat;
    char_u    *pat_end;    /* first char after pattern or NULL */
    char    *allow_dirs;    /* Result passed back out in here */
    int        no_bslash;    /* Don't use a backward slash as pathsep */
{
    int        size;
    char_u    *endp;
    char_u    *reg_pat;
    char_u    *p;
    int        i;
    int        nested = 0;
    int        add_dollar = TRUE;
#ifdef FEAT_OSFILETYPE
    int        check_length = 0;
#endif

    if (allow_dirs != NULL)
    *allow_dirs = FALSE;
    if (pat_end == NULL)
    pat_end = pat + STRLEN(pat);

#ifdef FEAT_OSFILETYPE
    /* Find out how much of the string is the filetype check */
    if (*pat == '<')
    {
    /* Count chars until the next '>' */
    for (p = pat + 1; p < pat_end && *p != '>'; p++)
        ;
    if (p < pat_end)
    {
        /* Pattern is of the form <.*>.*  */
        check_length = p - pat + 1;
        if (p + 1 >= pat_end)
        {
        /* The 'pattern' is a filetype check ONLY */
        reg_pat = (char_u *)alloc(check_length + 1);
        if (reg_pat != NULL)
        {
            mch_memmove(reg_pat, pat, (size_t)check_length);
            reg_pat[check_length] = NUL;
        }
        return reg_pat;
        }
    }
    /* else: there was no closing '>' - assume it was a normal pattern */

    }
    pat += check_length;
    size = 2 + check_length;
#else
    size = 2;        /* '^' at start, '$' at end */
#endif

    for (p = pat; p < pat_end; p++)
    {
    switch (*p)
    {
        case '*':
        case '.':
        case ',':
        case '{':
        case '}':
        case '~':
        size += 2;    /* extra backslash */
        break;
#ifdef BACKSLASH_IN_FILENAME
        case '\\':
        case '/':
        size += 4;    /* could become "[\/]" */
        break;
#endif
        default:
        size++;
# ifdef  FEAT_MBYTE
        if (enc_dbcs != 0 && (*mb_ptr2len_check)(p) > 1)
        {
            ++p;
            ++size;
        }
# endif
        break;
    }
    }
    reg_pat = alloc(size + 1);
    if (reg_pat == NULL)
    return NULL;

#ifdef FEAT_OSFILETYPE
    /* Copy the type check in to the start. */
    if (check_length)
    mch_memmove(reg_pat, pat - check_length, (size_t)check_length);
    i = check_length;
#else
    i = 0;
#endif

    if (pat[0] == '*')
    while (pat[0] == '*' && pat < pat_end - 1)
        pat++;
    else
    reg_pat[i++] = '^';
    endp = pat_end - 1;
    if (*endp == '*')
    {
    while (endp - pat > 0 && *endp == '*')
        endp--;
    add_dollar = FALSE;
    }
    for (p = pat; *p && nested >= 0 && p <= endp; p++)
    {
    switch (*p)
    {
        case '*':
        reg_pat[i++] = '.';
        reg_pat[i++] = '*';
        break;
        case '.':
#ifdef RISCOS
        if (allow_dirs != NULL)
             *allow_dirs = TRUE;
        /* FALLTHROUGH */
#endif
        case '~':
        reg_pat[i++] = '\\';
        reg_pat[i++] = *p;
        break;
        case '?':
#ifdef RISCOS
        case '#':
#endif
        reg_pat[i++] = '.';
        break;
        case '\\':
        if (p[1] == NUL)
            break;
#ifdef BACKSLASH_IN_FILENAME
        if (!no_bslash)
        {
            /* translate:
             * "\x" to "\\x"  e.g., "dir\file"
             * "\*" to "\\.*" e.g., "dir\*.c"
             * "\?" to "\\."  e.g., "dir\??.c"
             * "\+" to "\+"   e.g., "fileX\+.c"
             */
            if ((vim_isfilec(p[1]) || p[1] == '*' || p[1] == '?')
                && p[1] != '+')
            {
            reg_pat[i++] = '[';
            reg_pat[i++] = '\\';
            reg_pat[i++] = '/';
            reg_pat[i++] = ']';
            if (allow_dirs != NULL)
                *allow_dirs = TRUE;
            break;
            }
        }
#endif
        if (*++p == '?'
#ifdef BACKSLASH_IN_FILENAME
            && no_bslash
#endif
            )
            reg_pat[i++] = '?';
        else
            if (*p == ',')
            reg_pat[i++] = ',';
            else
            {
            if (allow_dirs != NULL && vim_ispathsep(*p)
#ifdef BACKSLASH_IN_FILENAME
                && (!no_bslash || *p != '\\')
#endif
                )
                *allow_dirs = TRUE;
            reg_pat[i++] = '\\';
            reg_pat[i++] = *p;
            }
        break;
#ifdef BACKSLASH_IN_FILENAME
        case '/':
        reg_pat[i++] = '[';
        reg_pat[i++] = '\\';
        reg_pat[i++] = '/';
        reg_pat[i++] = ']';
        if (allow_dirs != NULL)
            *allow_dirs = TRUE;
        break;
#endif
        case '{':
        reg_pat[i++] = '\\';
        reg_pat[i++] = '(';
        nested++;
        break;
        case '}':
        reg_pat[i++] = '\\';
        reg_pat[i++] = ')';
        --nested;
        break;
        case ',':
        if (nested)
        {
            reg_pat[i++] = '\\';
            reg_pat[i++] = '|';
        }
        else
            reg_pat[i++] = ',';
        break;
        default:
# ifdef  FEAT_MBYTE
        if (enc_dbcs != 0 && (*mb_ptr2len_check)(p) > 1)
            reg_pat[i++] = *p++;
        else
# endif
        if (allow_dirs != NULL && vim_ispathsep(*p))
            *allow_dirs = TRUE;
        reg_pat[i++] = *p;
        break;
    }
    }
    if (add_dollar)
    reg_pat[i++] = '$';
    reg_pat[i] = NUL;
    if (nested != 0)
    {
    if (nested < 0)
        EMSG(_("E219: Missing {."));
    else
        EMSG(_("E220: Missing }."));
    vim_free(reg_pat);
    reg_pat = NULL;
    }
    return reg_pat;
}