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- XXD(1) XXD(1)
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- NAME
- xxd - make a hexdump or do the reverse.
-
- SYNOPSIS
- xxd -h[elp]
- xxd [options] [infile [outfile]]
- xxd -r[evert] [options] [infile [outfile]]
-
- DESCRIPTION
- xxd creates a hex dump of a given file or standard input.
- It can also convert a hex dump back to its original binary
- form. Like uuencode(1) and uudecode(1) it allows the
- transmission of binary data in a `mail-safe' ASCII repre-
- sentation, but has the advantage of decoding to standard
- output. Moreover, it can be used to perform binary file
- patching.
-
- OPTIONS
- If no infile is given, standard input is read. If infile
- is specified as a `-' character, then input is taken from
- standard input. If no outfile is given (or a `-' charac-
- ter is in its place), results are sent to standard output.
-
- Note that a "lazy" parser is used which does not check for
- more than the first letter, unless the option is followed
- by a parameter. Spaces between an option and a following
- parameter is optional, and in that case the long name is
- known to make equivalent -c8, -c 8, -cols 8, and -cols8.
-
-
- -a -autoskip
- toggle autoskip: A single '*' replaces nul-lines.
- Default off.
-
- -c cols | -cols cols
- format <cols> octets per line. Default 16 (-i: 12,
- -ps: 30). Max 64.
-
- -h -help
- print a summary of available commands and exit. No
- hex dumping is performed.
-
- -i -include
- output in C include file style.
-
- -l len | -len len
- stop after <len> octets.
-
- -p -ps -postscript
- output in postscript continuous hexdump style.
-
- -r -revert
- reverse operation: convert (or patch) hexdump into
- binary.
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-
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- Manual page for xxd August 1996 1
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- XXD(1) XXD(1)
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- -seek off
- When used after -r : revert with <offset> added to
- file positions found in hexdump.
-
- -s [+][-]seek
- start at <seek> bytes abs. (or +: rel.) infile off-
- set. seek may be hex (eg, 0x3f) or decimal (eg,
- 47). + indicates that the seek is from the start
- of the input. - indicates that the seek should be
- that many characters from the end of the input.
-
- -u use upper case hex letters (default is lower case).
-
- -v -version
- show version string.
-
- CAVEATS
- xxd -r has some builtin magic. The linenumbers at the
- start of each line matter!
-
- Note that there is a difference between
- % xxd -i file
- and
- % xxd -i < file
-
- xxd -s +seek has some semantic differences, as lseek() is
- used to "rewind" input. A '+' makes a difference if the
- input source is stdin, and if stdin's file position is not
- at the start of the file by the time xxd is started and
- given its input. The following examples may help to clar-
- ify (or further confuse!)...
-
- Rewind stdin before reading; needed because the `cat' has
- already read to the end of stdin.
- % sh -c 'cat > plain_copy; xxd -s 0 > hex_copy' < file
-
- Hexdump from file position 0x480 (=1024+128) onwards. The
- `+' sign means "relative to the current position", thus
- the `128' adds to the 1k where dd left off.
- % sh -c 'dd of=plain_snippet bs=1k count=1; xxd -s +128 >
- hex_snippet' < file
-
- Hexdump from file position 0x100 ( = 1024-768) on.
- % sh -c 'dd of=plain_snippet bs=1k count=1; xxd -s +-768 >
- hex_snippet' < file
-
- However, this is a rare situation and the use of `+' is
- rarely needed.
-
- EXAMPLES
- Print everything but the first three lines (hex 0x30
- bytes) of file
- % xxd -s 0x30 file
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- Manual page for xxd August 1996 2
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- XXD(1) XXD(1)
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- Print 3 lines (hex 0x30 bytes) from the end of file
- % xxd -s -0x30 file
-
- Print 120 bytes as continuous hexdump with 40 octets per
- line.
- % xxd -l 120 -ps -c 20 xxd.1
- 2e544820585844203120224d616e75616c207061
- 676520666f7220787864220a2e5c220a2e5c2220
- 32317374204d617920313939360a2e5c22204d61
- 6e207061676520617574686f723a0a2e5c222020
- 2020546f6e79204e7567656e74203c746f6e7940
- 7363746e7567656e2e7070702e67752e6564752e
-
- Hexdump the first 120 bytes of this man page with 12
- octets per line.
- % xxd -l 120 -c 12 xxd.1
- 0000000: 2e54 4820 5858 4420 3120 224d .TH XXD 1 "M
- 000000c: 616e 7561 6c20 7061 6765 2066 anual page f
- 0000018: 6f72 2078 7864 220a 2e5c 220a or xxd"..\".
- 0000024: 2e5c 2220 3231 7374 204d 6179 .\" 21st May
- 0000030: 2031 3939 360a 2e5c 2220 4d61 1996..\" Ma
- 000003c: 6e20 7061 6765 2061 7574 686f n page autho
- 0000048: 723a 0a2e 5c22 2020 2020 546f r:..\" To
- 0000054: 6e79 204e 7567 656e 7420 3c74 ny Nugent <t
- 0000060: 6f6e 7940 7363 746e 7567 656e ony@sctnugen
- 000006c: 2e70 7070 2e67 752e 6564 752e .ppp.gu.edu.
-
- Display just the date from the file xxd.1
- % xxd -s 0x28 -l 12 -c 12 xxd.1
- 0000028: 3231 7374 204d 6179 2031 3939 21st May 199
-
- Copy input_file to output_file and prepend 100 bytes of
- value 0x00.
- % xxd input_file | xxd -r -s 100 > output_file
-
- Patch the date in the file xxd.1
- % echo '0000029: 3574 68' | xxd -r - xxd.1
- % xxd -s 0x28 -l 12 -c 12 xxd.1
- 0000028: 3235 7468 204d 6179 2031 3939 25th May 199
-
- Create a 65537 byte file with all bytes 0x00, except for
- the last one which is 'A' (hex 0x41).
- % echo '010000: 41' | xxd -r > file
-
- Hexdump this file with autoskip.
- % xxd -a -c 12 file
- 0000000: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ............
- *
- 000fffc: 0000 0000 40 ....A
-
- Create a 1 byte file containing a single 'A' character.
- The number after '-r -s' adds to the linenumbers found in
- the file; in effect, the leading bytes are suppressed.
- % echo '010000: 41' | xxd -r -s -0x10000 > file
-
-
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- Manual page for xxd August 1996 3
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- XXD(1) XXD(1)
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- Use xxd as a filter within an editor such as vim(1) to
- hexdump a region marked between `a' and `z'.
- :'a,'z!xxd
-
- Use xxd as a filter within an editor such as vim(1) to
- recover a binary hexdump marked between `a' and `z'.
- :'a,'z!xxd -r
-
- Use xxd as a filter within an editor such as vim(1) to
- recover one line of a hexdump. Move the cursor over the
- line and type:
- !!xxd -r
-
- RETURN VALUES
- The following error values are returned:
-
- 0 no errors encountered.
-
- 1 parse error.
-
- SEE ALSO
- uuencode(1), uudecode(1), patch(1)
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- WARNINGS
- Use entirely at your own risk.
-
- BUGS
- -seek3 and -skip3 (and others) do not work (use a space
- between the option and its parameter).
-
- AUTHOR
- (c) 1990-1996 by Juergen Weigert
- <jnweiger@informatik.uni-erlangen.de>
-
- Distribute freely and credit me,
- make money and share with me,
- lose money and don't ask me.
-
- Manual page by Tony Nugent
- <tony@sctnugen.ppp.gu.edu.au> <T.Nugent@sct.gu.edu.au>
- Small changes by Bram Moolenaar.
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- Manual page for xxd August 1996 4
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