home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
/ APDL Public Domain 1 / APDL_PD1A.iso / textutil / tex / source / latex_2e_1 / clsguide.tex < prev    next >
LaTeX Document  |  1994-07-28  |  53.9 KB

open in: MacOS 8.1     |     Win98     |     DOS

browse contents    |     view JSON data     |     view as text


This file was processed as: LaTeX Document (document/latex).

ConfidenceProgramDetectionMatch TypeSupport
100% dexvert LaTeX Document (document/latex) magic Supported
1% dexvert Corel 10 Texture (image/corel10Texture) ext Unsupported
1% dexvert Croteam texture file (image/croteamTextureFile) ext Unsupported
1% dexvert Text File (text/txt) fallback Supported
100% file HTML document text default (weak)
99% file LaTeX 2e document text default
98% file LaTeX document text default
97% file LaTeX document, ASCII text default
100% TrID LaTeX 2e document (with rem) default
100% checkBytes Printable ASCII default
100% perlTextCheck Likely Text (Perl) default
100% siegfried fmt/280 LaTeX (Master document) default
100% detectItEasy Format: plain text[LF] default (weak)
100% xdgMime text/x-matlab default (weak)



hex view
+--------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------+--------+
|00000000| 25 20 5c 69 66 66 61 6c | 73 65 20 6d 65 74 61 2d |% \iffal|se meta-|
|00000010| 63 6f 6d 6d 65 6e 74 0a | 25 0a 25 20 43 6f 70 79 |comment.|%.% Copy|
|00000020| 72 69 67 68 74 20 31 39 | 39 34 20 74 68 65 20 4c |right 19|94 the L|
|00000030| 61 54 65 58 33 20 70 72 | 6f 6a 65 63 74 20 61 6e |aTeX3 pr|oject an|
|00000040| 64 20 74 68 65 20 69 6e | 64 69 76 69 64 75 61 6c |d the in|dividual|
|00000050| 20 61 75 74 68 6f 72 73 | 2e 0a 25 20 41 6c 6c 20 | authors|..% All |
|00000060| 72 69 67 68 74 73 20 72 | 65 73 65 72 76 65 64 2e |rights r|eserved.|
|00000070| 20 46 6f 72 20 66 75 72 | 74 68 65 72 20 63 6f 70 | For fur|ther cop|
|00000080| 79 72 69 67 68 74 20 69 | 6e 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 69 |yright i|nformati|
|00000090| 6f 6e 20 73 65 65 20 74 | 68 65 20 66 69 6c 65 0a |on see t|he file.|
|000000a0| 25 20 6c 65 67 61 6c 2e | 74 78 74 2c 20 61 6e 64 |% legal.|txt, and|
|000000b0| 20 61 6e 79 20 6f 74 68 | 65 72 20 63 6f 70 79 72 | any oth|er copyr|
|000000c0| 69 67 68 74 20 69 6e 64 | 69 63 61 74 65 64 20 69 |ight ind|icated i|
|000000d0| 6e 20 74 68 69 73 20 66 | 69 6c 65 2e 0a 25 20 0a |n this f|ile..% .|
|000000e0| 25 20 54 68 69 73 20 66 | 69 6c 65 20 69 73 20 70 |% This f|ile is p|
|000000f0| 61 72 74 20 6f 66 20 74 | 68 65 20 4c 61 54 65 58 |art of t|he LaTeX|
|00000100| 32 65 20 73 79 73 74 65 | 6d 2e 0a 25 20 2d 2d 2d |2e syste|m..% ---|
|00000110| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00000120| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00000130| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0a 25 20 | 0a 25 20 20 54 68 69 73 |-----.% |.% This|
|00000140| 20 73 79 73 74 65 6d 20 | 69 73 20 64 69 73 74 72 | system |is distr|
|00000150| 69 62 75 74 65 64 20 69 | 6e 20 74 68 65 20 68 6f |ibuted i|n the ho|
|00000160| 70 65 20 74 68 61 74 20 | 69 74 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 |pe that |it will |
|00000170| 62 65 20 75 73 65 66 75 | 6c 2c 0a 25 20 20 62 75 |be usefu|l,.% bu|
|00000180| 74 20 57 49 54 48 4f 55 | 54 20 41 4e 59 20 57 41 |t WITHOU|T ANY WA|
|00000190| 52 52 41 4e 54 59 3b 20 | 77 69 74 68 6f 75 74 20 |RRANTY; |without |
|000001a0| 65 76 65 6e 20 74 68 65 | 20 69 6d 70 6c 69 65 64 |even the| implied|
|000001b0| 20 77 61 72 72 61 6e 74 | 79 20 6f 66 0a 25 20 20 | warrant|y of.% |
|000001c0| 4d 45 52 43 48 41 4e 54 | 41 42 49 4c 49 54 59 20 |MERCHANT|ABILITY |
|000001d0| 6f 72 20 46 49 54 4e 45 | 53 53 20 46 4f 52 20 41 |or FITNE|SS FOR A|
|000001e0| 20 50 41 52 54 49 43 55 | 4c 41 52 20 50 55 52 50 | PARTICU|LAR PURP|
|000001f0| 4f 53 45 2e 0a 25 20 0a | 25 20 0a 25 20 49 4d 50 |OSE..% .|% .% IMP|
|00000200| 4f 52 54 41 4e 54 20 4e | 4f 54 49 43 45 3a 0a 25 |ORTANT N|OTICE:.%|
|00000210| 20 0a 25 20 46 6f 72 20 | 65 72 72 6f 72 20 72 65 | .% For |error re|
|00000220| 70 6f 72 74 73 20 69 6e | 20 63 61 73 65 20 6f 66 |ports in| case of|
|00000230| 20 55 4e 43 48 41 4e 47 | 45 44 20 76 65 72 73 69 | UNCHANG|ED versi|
|00000240| 6f 6e 73 20 73 65 65 20 | 62 75 67 73 2e 74 78 74 |ons see |bugs.txt|
|00000250| 2e 0a 25 20 0a 25 20 50 | 6c 65 61 73 65 20 64 6f |..% .% P|lease do|
|00000260| 20 6e 6f 74 20 72 65 71 | 75 65 73 74 20 75 70 64 | not req|uest upd|
|00000270| 61 74 65 73 20 66 72 6f | 6d 20 75 73 20 64 69 72 |ates fro|m us dir|
|00000280| 65 63 74 6c 79 2e 20 20 | 44 69 73 74 72 69 62 75 |ectly. |Distribu|
|00000290| 74 69 6f 6e 20 69 73 0a | 25 20 64 6f 6e 65 20 74 |tion is.|% done t|
|000002a0| 68 72 6f 75 67 68 20 4d | 61 69 6c 2d 53 65 72 76 |hrough M|ail-Serv|
|000002b0| 65 72 73 20 61 6e 64 20 | 54 65 58 20 6f 72 67 61 |ers and |TeX orga|
|000002c0| 6e 69 7a 61 74 69 6f 6e | 73 2e 0a 25 20 0a 25 20 |nization|s..% .% |
|000002d0| 59 6f 75 20 61 72 65 20 | 6e 6f 74 20 61 6c 6c 6f |You are |not allo|
|000002e0| 77 65 64 20 74 6f 20 63 | 68 61 6e 67 65 20 74 68 |wed to c|hange th|
|000002f0| 69 73 20 66 69 6c 65 2e | 0a 25 20 0a 25 20 59 6f |is file.|.% .% Yo|
|00000300| 75 20 61 72 65 20 61 6c | 6c 6f 77 65 64 20 74 6f |u are al|lowed to|
|00000310| 20 64 69 73 74 72 69 62 | 75 74 65 20 74 68 69 73 | distrib|ute this|
|00000320| 20 66 69 6c 65 20 75 6e | 64 65 72 20 74 68 65 20 | file un|der the |
|00000330| 63 6f 6e 64 69 74 69 6f | 6e 20 74 68 61 74 0a 25 |conditio|n that.%|
|00000340| 20 69 74 20 69 73 20 64 | 69 73 74 72 69 62 75 74 | it is d|istribut|
|00000350| 65 64 20 74 6f 67 65 74 | 68 65 72 20 77 69 74 68 |ed toget|her with|
|00000360| 20 61 6c 6c 20 66 69 6c | 65 73 20 6d 65 6e 74 69 | all fil|es menti|
|00000370| 6f 6e 65 64 20 69 6e 20 | 6d 61 6e 69 66 65 73 74 |oned in |manifest|
|00000380| 2e 74 78 74 2e 0a 25 20 | 0a 25 20 49 66 20 79 6f |.txt..% |.% If yo|
|00000390| 75 20 72 65 63 65 69 76 | 65 20 6f 6e 6c 79 20 73 |u receiv|e only s|
|000003a0| 6f 6d 65 20 6f 66 20 74 | 68 65 73 65 20 66 69 6c |ome of t|hese fil|
|000003b0| 65 73 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 | 73 6f 6d 65 6f 6e 65 2c |es from |someone,|
|000003c0| 20 63 6f 6d 70 6c 61 69 | 6e 21 0a 25 20 0a 25 20 | complai|n!.% .% |
|000003d0| 59 6f 75 20 61 72 65 20 | 4e 4f 54 20 41 4c 4c 4f |You are |NOT ALLO|
|000003e0| 57 45 44 20 74 6f 20 64 | 69 73 74 72 69 62 75 74 |WED to d|istribut|
|000003f0| 65 20 74 68 69 73 20 66 | 69 6c 65 20 61 6c 6f 6e |e this f|ile alon|
|00000400| 65 2e 20 20 59 6f 75 20 | 61 72 65 20 4e 4f 54 0a |e. You |are NOT.|
|00000410| 25 20 41 4c 4c 4f 57 45 | 44 20 74 6f 20 74 61 6b |% ALLOWE|D to tak|
|00000420| 65 20 6d 6f 6e 65 79 20 | 66 6f 72 20 74 68 65 20 |e money |for the |
|00000430| 64 69 73 74 72 69 62 75 | 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f 72 20 |distribu|tion or |
|00000440| 75 73 65 20 6f 66 20 65 | 69 74 68 65 72 20 74 68 |use of e|ither th|
|00000450| 69 73 0a 25 20 66 69 6c | 65 20 6f 72 20 61 20 63 |is.% fil|e or a c|
|00000460| 68 61 6e 67 65 64 20 76 | 65 72 73 69 6f 6e 2c 20 |hanged v|ersion, |
|00000470| 65 78 63 65 70 74 20 66 | 6f 72 20 61 20 6e 6f 6d |except f|or a nom|
|00000480| 69 6e 61 6c 20 63 68 61 | 72 67 65 20 66 6f 72 20 |inal cha|rge for |
|00000490| 63 6f 70 79 69 6e 67 0a | 25 20 65 74 63 2e 0a 25 |copying.|% etc..%|
|000004a0| 20 5c 66 69 0a 25 20 46 | 69 6c 65 6e 61 6d 65 3a | \fi.% F|ilename:|
|000004b0| 20 63 6c 73 67 75 69 64 | 65 2e 74 65 78 0a 0a 5c | clsguid|e.tex..\|
|000004c0| 4e 65 65 64 73 54 65 58 | 46 6f 72 6d 61 74 7b 4c |NeedsTeX|Format{L|
|000004d0| 61 54 65 58 32 65 7d 5b | 31 39 39 34 2f 30 36 2f |aTeX2e}[|1994/06/|
|000004e0| 30 31 5d 0a 0a 5c 64 6f | 63 75 6d 65 6e 74 63 6c |01]..\do|cumentcl|
|000004f0| 61 73 73 7b 6c 74 78 67 | 75 69 64 65 7d 5b 31 39 |ass{ltxg|uide}[19|
|00000500| 39 34 2f 30 35 2f 32 34 | 5d 0a 0a 5c 74 69 74 6c |94/05/24|]..\titl|
|00000510| 65 7b 5c 4c 61 54 65 58 | 65 7e 66 6f 72 20 63 6c |e{\LaTeX|e~for cl|
|00000520| 61 73 73 20 61 6e 64 20 | 70 61 63 6b 61 67 65 20 |ass and |package |
|00000530| 77 72 69 74 65 72 73 7d | 0a 0a 5c 61 75 74 68 6f |writers}|..\autho|
|00000540| 72 7b 43 6f 70 79 72 69 | 67 68 74 20 5c 63 6f 70 |r{Copyri|ght \cop|
|00000550| 79 72 69 67 68 74 7e 31 | 39 39 34 20 54 68 65 20 |yright~1|994 The |
|00000560| 5c 4c 61 54 65 58 33 20 | 50 72 6f 6a 65 63 74 5c |\LaTeX3 |Project\|
|00000570| 5c 0a 20 20 20 41 6c 6c | 20 72 69 67 68 74 73 20 |\. All| rights |
|00000580| 72 65 73 65 72 76 65 64 | 7d 0a 0a 5c 64 61 74 65 |reserved|}..\date|
|00000590| 7b 4a 75 6e 65 20 31 39 | 39 34 7d 0a 20 0a 5c 62 |{June 19|94}. .\b|
|000005a0| 65 67 69 6e 7b 64 6f 63 | 75 6d 65 6e 74 7d 0a 20 |egin{doc|ument}. |
|000005b0| 0a 5c 6d 61 6b 65 74 69 | 74 6c 65 0a 20 0a 5c 74 |.\maketi|tle. .\t|
|000005c0| 61 62 6c 65 6f 66 63 6f | 6e 74 65 6e 74 73 0a 20 |ableofco|ntents. |
|000005d0| 0a 5c 73 65 63 74 69 6f | 6e 7b 49 6e 74 72 6f 64 |.\sectio|n{Introd|
|000005e0| 75 63 74 69 6f 6e 7d 0a | 20 0a 54 68 69 73 20 64 |uction}.| .This d|
|000005f0| 6f 63 75 6d 65 6e 74 20 | 69 73 20 61 6e 20 69 6e |ocument |is an in|
|00000600| 74 72 6f 64 75 63 74 69 | 6f 6e 20 74 6f 20 77 72 |troducti|on to wr|
|00000610| 69 74 69 6e 67 20 63 6c | 61 73 73 65 73 20 61 6e |iting cl|asses an|
|00000620| 64 20 70 61 63 6b 61 67 | 65 73 20 66 6f 72 0a 5c |d packag|es for.\|
|00000630| 4c 61 54 65 58 7b 7d 2c | 20 77 69 74 68 20 73 70 |LaTeX{},| with sp|
|00000640| 65 63 69 61 6c 20 61 74 | 74 65 6e 74 69 6f 6e 20 |ecial at|tention |
|00000650| 67 69 76 65 6e 20 74 6f | 20 75 70 67 72 61 64 69 |given to| upgradi|
|00000660| 6e 67 20 65 78 69 73 74 | 69 6e 67 0a 5c 4c 61 54 |ng exist|ing.\LaT|
|00000670| 65 58 7e 32 2e 30 39 20 | 70 61 63 6b 61 67 65 73 |eX~2.09 |packages|
|00000680| 20 74 6f 20 5c 4c 61 54 | 65 58 65 7b 7d 2e 20 20 | to \LaT|eXe{}. |
|00000690| 54 68 65 20 6c 61 74 74 | 65 72 20 73 75 62 6a 65 |The latt|er subje|
|000006a0| 63 74 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 | 61 6c 73 6f 20 62 65 0a |ct will |also be.|
|000006b0| 63 6f 76 65 72 65 64 20 | 69 6e 20 61 6e 20 61 72 |covered |in an ar|
|000006c0| 74 69 63 6c 65 20 62 79 | 20 4a 6f 68 61 6e 6e 65 |ticle by| Johanne|
|000006d0| 73 20 42 72 61 61 6d 73 | 20 74 6f 20 62 65 20 70 |s Braams| to be p|
|000006e0| 75 62 6c 69 73 68 65 64 | 20 69 6e 20 54 55 47 62 |ublished| in TUGb|
|000006f0| 6f 61 74 0a 6c 61 74 65 | 72 20 74 68 69 73 20 79 |oat.late|r this y|
|00000700| 65 61 72 2e 0a 20 0a 5c | 73 75 62 73 65 63 74 69 |ear.. .\|subsecti|
|00000710| 6f 6e 7b 57 72 69 74 69 | 6e 67 20 63 6c 61 73 73 |on{Writi|ng class|
|00000720| 65 73 20 61 6e 64 20 70 | 61 63 6b 61 67 65 73 20 |es and p|ackages |
|00000730| 66 6f 72 20 5c 4c 61 54 | 65 58 65 7d 0a 20 0a 5c |for \LaT|eXe}. .\|
|00000740| 4c 61 54 65 58 7b 7d 20 | 69 73 20 61 20 64 6f 63 |LaTeX{} |is a doc|
|00000750| 75 6d 65 6e 74 20 70 72 | 65 70 61 72 61 74 69 6f |ument pr|eparatio|
|00000760| 6e 20 73 79 73 74 65 6d | 20 74 68 61 74 20 65 6e |n system| that en|
|00000770| 61 62 6c 65 73 20 74 68 | 65 20 64 6f 63 75 6d 65 |ables th|e docume|
|00000780| 6e 74 0a 77 72 69 74 65 | 72 20 74 6f 20 63 6f 6e |nt.write|r to con|
|00000790| 63 65 6e 74 72 61 74 65 | 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 20 |centrate| on the |
|000007a0| 63 6f 6e 74 65 6e 74 73 | 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 69 |contents| of thei|
|000007b0| 72 20 74 65 78 74 2c 20 | 77 69 74 68 6f 75 74 20 |r text, |without |
|000007c0| 62 6f 74 68 65 72 69 6e | 67 0a 74 6f 6f 20 6d 75 |botherin|g.too mu|
|000007d0| 63 68 20 61 62 6f 75 74 | 20 74 68 65 20 66 6f 72 |ch about| the for|
|000007e0| 6d 61 74 74 69 6e 67 20 | 6f 66 20 69 74 2e 20 20 |matting |of it. |
|000007f0| 46 6f 72 20 65 78 61 6d | 70 6c 65 2c 20 63 68 61 |For exam|ple, cha|
|00000800| 70 74 65 72 73 20 61 72 | 65 0a 69 6e 64 69 63 61 |pters ar|e.indica|
|00000810| 74 65 64 20 62 79 20 7c | 5c 63 68 61 70 74 65 72 |ted by ||\chapter|
|00000820| 7b 3c 74 69 74 6c 65 3e | 7d 7c 20 72 61 74 68 65 |{<title>|}| rathe|
|00000830| 72 20 74 68 61 6e 20 62 | 79 20 73 65 6c 65 63 74 |r than b|y select|
|00000840| 69 6e 67 20 31 38 70 74 | 20 62 6f 6c 64 2e 0a 20 |ing 18pt| bold.. |
|00000850| 0a 54 68 65 20 66 69 6c | 65 20 74 68 61 74 20 63 |.The fil|e that c|
|00000860| 6f 6e 74 61 69 6e 73 20 | 74 68 65 20 69 6e 66 6f |ontains |the info|
|00000870| 72 6d 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 | 61 62 6f 75 74 20 68 6f |rmation |about ho|
|00000880| 77 20 74 6f 20 74 75 72 | 6e 20 6c 6f 67 69 63 61 |w to tur|n logica|
|00000890| 6c 0a 73 74 72 75 63 74 | 75 72 65 20 28 6c 69 6b |l.struct|ure (lik|
|000008a0| 65 20 60 7c 5c 63 68 61 | 70 74 65 72 7c 27 29 20 |e `|\cha|pter|') |
|000008b0| 69 6e 74 6f 20 66 6f 72 | 6d 61 74 74 69 6e 67 20 |into for|matting |
|000008c0| 28 6c 69 6b 65 20 60 31 | 38 70 74 20 62 6f 6c 64 |(like `1|8pt bold|
|000008d0| 20 72 61 67 67 65 64 0a | 72 69 67 68 74 27 29 20 | ragged.|right') |
|000008e0| 69 73 20 61 20 5c 65 6d | 70 68 7b 64 6f 63 75 6d |is a \em|ph{docum|
|000008f0| 65 6e 74 20 63 6c 61 73 | 73 7d 2e 20 20 49 6e 20 |ent clas|s}. In |
|00000900| 61 64 64 69 74 69 6f 6e | 2c 20 73 6f 6d 65 20 66 |addition|, some f|
|00000910| 65 61 74 75 72 65 73 20 | 28 73 75 63 68 0a 61 73 |eatures |(such.as|
|00000920| 20 63 6f 6c 6f 75 72 20 | 6f 72 20 69 6e 63 6c 75 | colour |or inclu|
|00000930| 64 65 64 20 67 72 61 70 | 68 69 63 73 29 20 61 72 |ded grap|hics) ar|
|00000940| 65 20 69 6e 64 65 70 65 | 6e 64 65 6e 74 20 6f 66 |e indepe|ndent of|
|00000950| 20 74 68 65 20 64 6f 63 | 75 6d 65 6e 74 20 63 6c | the doc|ument cl|
|00000960| 61 73 73 0a 61 6e 64 20 | 74 68 65 73 65 20 61 72 |ass.and |these ar|
|00000970| 65 20 63 6f 6e 74 61 69 | 6e 65 64 20 69 6e 20 5c |e contai|ned in \|
|00000980| 65 6d 70 68 7b 70 61 63 | 6b 61 67 65 73 7d 2e 0a |emph{pac|kages}..|
|00000990| 20 0a 4f 6e 65 20 6f 66 | 20 74 68 65 20 6c 61 72 | .One of| the lar|
|000009a0| 67 65 73 74 20 64 69 66 | 66 65 72 65 6e 63 65 73 |gest dif|ferences|
|000009b0| 20 62 65 74 77 65 65 6e | 20 5c 4c 61 54 65 58 7e | between| \LaTeX~|
|000009c0| 32 2e 30 39 20 61 6e 64 | 20 5c 4c 61 54 65 58 65 |2.09 and| \LaTeXe|
|000009d0| 7b 7d 20 69 73 20 69 6e | 0a 74 68 65 20 63 6f 6d |{} is in|.the com|
|000009e0| 6d 61 6e 64 73 20 75 73 | 65 64 20 74 6f 20 77 72 |mands us|ed to wr|
|000009f0| 69 74 65 20 70 61 63 6b | 61 67 65 73 20 61 6e 64 |ite pack|ages and|
|00000a00| 20 63 6c 61 73 73 65 73 | 2e 20 20 49 6e 20 5c 4c | classes|. In \L|
|00000a10| 61 54 65 58 7e 32 2e 30 | 39 2c 0a 74 68 65 72 65 |aTeX~2.0|9,.there|
|00000a20| 20 77 61 73 20 76 65 72 | 79 20 6c 69 74 74 6c 65 | was ver|y little|
|00000a30| 20 73 75 70 70 6f 72 74 | 20 66 6f 72 20 77 72 69 | support| for wri|
|00000a40| 74 69 6e 67 20 7c 2e 73 | 74 79 7c 20 66 69 6c 65 |ting |.s|ty| file|
|00000a50| 73 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 73 | 6f 20 77 72 69 74 65 72 |s, and s|o writer|
|00000a60| 73 0a 68 61 64 20 74 6f | 20 72 65 73 6f 72 74 20 |s.had to| resort |
|00000a70| 74 6f 20 75 73 69 6e 67 | 20 6c 6f 77 2d 6c 65 76 |to using| low-lev|
|00000a80| 65 6c 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 | 6e 64 73 2e 0a 20 0a 5c |el comma|nds.. .\|
|00000a90| 4c 61 54 65 58 65 7b 7d | 20 70 72 6f 76 69 64 65 |LaTeXe{}| provide|
|00000aa0| 73 20 68 69 67 68 2d 6c | 65 76 65 6c 20 63 6f 6d |s high-l|evel com|
|00000ab0| 6d 61 6e 64 73 20 66 6f | 72 20 73 74 72 75 63 74 |mands fo|r struct|
|00000ac0| 75 72 69 6e 67 20 70 61 | 63 6b 61 67 65 73 2e 20 |uring pa|ckages. |
|00000ad0| 20 49 74 0a 69 73 20 61 | 6c 73 6f 20 6d 75 63 68 | It.is a|lso much|
|00000ae0| 20 65 61 73 69 65 72 20 | 74 6f 20 62 75 69 6c 64 | easier |to build|
|00000af0| 20 63 6c 61 73 73 65 73 | 20 61 6e 64 20 70 61 63 | classes| and pac|
|00000b00| 6b 61 67 65 73 20 6f 6e | 20 74 6f 70 20 6f 66 20 |kages on| top of |
|00000b10| 65 61 63 68 0a 6f 74 68 | 65 72 2c 20 66 6f 72 20 |each.oth|er, for |
|00000b20| 65 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 20 | 77 72 69 74 69 6e 67 20 |example |writing |
|00000b30| 61 20 6c 6f 63 61 6c 20 | 74 65 63 68 6e 69 63 61 |a local |technica|
|00000b40| 6c 20 72 65 70 6f 72 74 | 20 63 6c 61 73 73 20 62 |l report| class b|
|00000b50| 61 73 65 64 20 6f 6e 0a | 7c 61 72 74 69 63 6c 65 |ased on.||article|
|00000b60| 7c 2e 0a 20 0a 5c 73 75 | 62 73 65 63 74 69 6f 6e ||.. .\su|bsection|
|00000b70| 7b 4f 76 65 72 76 69 65 | 77 7d 0a 20 0a 54 68 69 |{Overvie|w}. .Thi|
|00000b80| 73 20 64 6f 63 75 6d 65 | 6e 74 20 63 6f 6e 74 61 |s docume|nt conta|
|00000b90| 69 6e 73 20 61 6e 20 6f | 76 65 72 76 69 65 77 20 |ins an o|verview |
|00000ba0| 6f 66 20 68 6f 77 20 74 | 6f 20 77 72 69 74 65 20 |of how t|o write |
|00000bb0| 63 6c 61 73 73 65 73 20 | 61 6e 64 0a 70 61 63 6b |classes |and.pack|
|00000bc0| 61 67 65 73 20 66 6f 72 | 20 5c 4c 61 54 65 58 7b |ages for| \LaTeX{|
|00000bd0| 7d 2e 20 20 49 74 20 64 | 6f 65 73 20 5c 65 6d 70 |}. It d|oes \emp|
|00000be0| 68 7b 6e 6f 74 7d 20 69 | 6e 74 72 6f 64 75 63 65 |h{not} i|ntroduce|
|00000bf0| 20 61 6c 6c 20 6f 66 20 | 74 68 65 0a 63 6f 6d 6d | all of |the.comm|
|00000c00| 61 6e 64 73 20 6e 65 63 | 65 73 73 61 72 79 20 74 |ands nec|essary t|
|00000c10| 6f 20 77 72 69 74 65 20 | 70 61 63 6b 61 67 65 73 |o write |packages|
|00000c20| 3a 20 74 68 65 73 65 20 | 63 61 6e 20 62 65 20 66 |: these |can be f|
|00000c30| 6f 75 6e 64 20 69 6e 20 | 65 69 74 68 65 72 0a 5c |ound in |either.\|
|00000c40| 65 6d 70 68 7b 5c 4c 61 | 54 65 58 62 6f 6f 6b 7d |emph{\La|TeXbook}|
|00000c50| 20 6f 72 20 5c 65 6d 70 | 68 7b 5c 4c 61 54 65 58 | or \emp|h{\LaTeX|
|00000c60| 63 6f 6d 70 7d 2e 20 20 | 42 75 74 20 69 74 20 64 |comp}. |But it d|
|00000c70| 6f 65 73 20 64 65 73 63 | 72 69 62 65 20 74 68 65 |oes desc|ribe the|
|00000c80| 20 6e 65 77 0a 63 6f 6d | 6d 61 6e 64 73 20 66 6f | new.com|mands fo|
|00000c90| 72 20 73 74 72 75 63 74 | 75 72 69 6e 67 20 63 6c |r struct|uring cl|
|00000ca0| 61 73 73 65 73 20 61 6e | 64 20 70 61 63 6b 61 67 |asses an|d packag|
|00000cb0| 65 73 2e 0a 5c 62 65 67 | 69 6e 7b 64 65 73 63 72 |es..\beg|in{descr|
|00000cc0| 69 70 74 69 6f 6e 7d 0a | 20 0a 5c 69 74 65 6d 5b |iption}.| .\item[|
|00000cd0| 53 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 7e | 5c 72 65 66 7b 53 65 63 |Section~|\ref{Sec|
|00000ce0| 3a 67 65 6e 65 72 61 6c | 7d 5d 20 63 6f 6e 74 61 |:general|}] conta|
|00000cf0| 69 6e 73 20 73 6f 6d 65 | 20 67 65 6e 65 72 61 6c |ins some| general|
|00000d00| 20 61 64 76 69 63 65 20 | 61 62 6f 75 74 0a 20 20 | advice |about. |
|00000d10| 77 72 69 74 69 6e 67 20 | 63 6c 61 73 73 65 73 20 |writing |classes |
|00000d20| 61 6e 64 20 70 61 63 6b | 61 67 65 73 2e 20 20 49 |and pack|ages. I|
|00000d30| 74 20 64 65 73 63 72 69 | 62 65 73 20 74 68 65 20 |t descri|bes the |
|00000d40| 64 69 66 66 65 72 65 6e | 63 65 20 62 65 74 77 65 |differen|ce betwe|
|00000d50| 65 6e 0a 20 20 63 6c 61 | 73 73 65 73 20 61 6e 64 |en. cla|sses and|
|00000d60| 20 70 61 63 6b 61 67 65 | 73 2c 20 74 68 65 20 63 | package|s, the c|
|00000d70| 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 20 6e | 61 6d 69 6e 67 20 63 6f |ommand n|aming co|
|00000d80| 6e 76 65 6e 74 69 6f 6e | 73 2c 20 74 68 65 20 75 |nvention|s, the u|
|00000d90| 73 65 20 6f 66 0a 20 20 | 7c 64 6f 63 7c 20 61 6e |se of. ||doc| an|
|00000da0| 64 20 7c 64 6f 63 73 74 | 72 69 70 7c 2c 20 68 6f |d |docst|rip|, ho|
|00000db0| 77 20 5c 54 65 58 27 73 | 20 70 72 69 6d 69 74 69 |w \TeX's| primiti|
|00000dc0| 76 65 20 66 69 6c 65 20 | 61 6e 64 20 62 6f 78 20 |ve file |and box |
|00000dd0| 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 73 | 0a 20 20 69 6e 74 65 72 |commands|. inter|
|00000de0| 61 63 74 20 77 69 74 68 | 20 5c 4c 61 54 65 58 7b |act with| \LaTeX{|
|00000df0| 7d 2e 20 49 74 20 61 6c | 73 6f 20 63 6f 6e 74 61 |}. It al|so conta|
|00000e00| 69 6e 73 20 73 6f 6d 65 | 20 68 69 6e 74 73 20 61 |ins some| hints a|
|00000e10| 62 6f 75 74 20 67 65 6e | 65 72 61 6c 0a 20 20 5c |bout gen|eral. \|
|00000e20| 4c 61 54 65 58 7b 7d 20 | 73 74 79 6c 65 2e 0a 20 |LaTeX{} |style.. |
|00000e30| 0a 5c 69 74 65 6d 5b 53 | 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 7e 5c |.\item[S|ection~\|
|00000e40| 72 65 66 7b 53 65 63 3a | 73 74 72 75 63 74 75 72 |ref{Sec:|structur|
|00000e50| 65 7d 5d 20 64 65 73 63 | 72 69 62 65 73 20 74 68 |e}] desc|ribes th|
|00000e60| 65 20 73 74 72 75 63 74 | 75 72 65 20 6f 66 20 63 |e struct|ure of c|
|00000e70| 6c 61 73 73 65 73 0a 20 | 20 61 6e 64 20 70 61 63 |lasses. | and pac|
|00000e80| 6b 61 67 65 73 2e 20 20 | 54 68 69 73 20 69 6e 63 |kages. |This inc|
|00000e90| 6c 75 64 65 73 20 62 75 | 69 6c 64 69 6e 67 20 63 |ludes bu|ilding c|
|00000ea0| 6c 61 73 73 65 73 20 61 | 6e 64 20 70 61 63 6b 61 |lasses a|nd packa|
|00000eb0| 67 65 73 20 6f 6e 20 74 | 6f 70 20 6f 66 0a 20 20 |ges on t|op of. |
|00000ec0| 6f 74 68 65 72 20 63 6c | 61 73 73 65 73 20 61 6e |other cl|asses an|
|00000ed0| 64 20 70 61 63 6b 61 67 | 65 73 2c 20 64 65 63 6c |d packag|es, decl|
|00000ee0| 61 72 69 6e 67 20 6f 70 | 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 61 6e |aring op|tions an|
|00000ef0| 64 20 64 65 63 6c 61 72 | 69 6e 67 0a 20 20 63 6f |d declar|ing. co|
|00000f00| 6d 6d 61 6e 64 73 2e 20 | 20 49 74 20 61 6c 73 6f |mmands. | It also|
|00000f10| 20 63 6f 6e 74 61 69 6e | 73 20 65 78 61 6d 70 6c | contain|s exampl|
|00000f20| 65 20 63 6c 61 73 73 65 | 73 2e 0a 20 0a 5c 69 74 |e classe|s.. .\it|
|00000f30| 65 6d 5b 53 65 63 74 69 | 6f 6e 7e 5c 72 65 66 7b |em[Secti|on~\ref{|
|00000f40| 53 65 63 3a 63 6f 6d 6d | 61 6e 64 73 7d 5d 20 6c |Sec:comm|ands}] l|
|00000f50| 69 73 74 73 20 74 68 65 | 20 6e 65 77 20 63 6c 61 |ists the| new cla|
|00000f60| 73 73 20 61 6e 64 20 70 | 61 63 6b 61 67 65 0a 20 |ss and p|ackage. |
|00000f70| 20 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e | 64 73 2e 0a 20 0a 20 5c | comman|ds.. . \|
|00000f80| 69 74 65 6d 5b 53 65 63 | 74 69 6f 6e 7e 5c 72 65 |item[Sec|tion~\re|
|00000f90| 66 7b 53 65 63 3a 75 70 | 67 72 61 64 65 7d 5d 20 |f{Sec:up|grade}] |
|00000fa0| 67 69 76 65 73 20 64 65 | 74 61 69 6c 65 64 20 61 |gives de|tailed a|
|00000fb0| 64 76 69 63 65 20 6f 6e | 20 68 6f 77 20 74 6f 0a |dvice on| how to.|
|00000fc0| 20 20 20 75 70 67 72 61 | 64 65 20 65 78 69 73 74 | upgra|de exist|
|00000fd0| 69 6e 67 20 5c 4c 61 54 | 65 58 7e 32 2e 30 39 20 |ing \LaT|eX~2.09 |
|00000fe0| 63 6c 61 73 73 65 73 20 | 61 6e 64 20 70 61 63 6b |classes |and pack|
|00000ff0| 61 67 65 73 20 74 6f 20 | 5c 4c 61 54 65 58 65 7b |ages to |\LaTeXe{|
|00001000| 7d 2e 0a 20 0a 5c 65 6e | 64 7b 64 65 73 63 72 69 |}.. .\en|d{descri|
|00001010| 70 74 69 6f 6e 7d 0a 20 | 0a 5c 73 75 62 73 65 63 |ption}. |.\subsec|
|00001020| 74 69 6f 6e 7b 46 75 72 | 74 68 65 72 20 69 6e 66 |tion{Fur|ther inf|
|00001030| 6f 72 6d 61 74 69 6f 6e | 7d 0a 20 0a 46 6f 72 20 |ormation|}. .For |
|00001040| 61 20 67 65 6e 65 72 61 | 6c 20 69 6e 74 72 6f 64 |a genera|l introd|
|00001050| 75 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 74 | 6f 20 5c 4c 61 54 65 58 |uction t|o \LaTeX|
|00001060| 7b 7d 2c 20 69 6e 63 6c | 75 64 69 6e 67 20 74 68 |{}, incl|uding th|
|00001070| 65 20 6e 65 77 20 66 65 | 61 74 75 72 65 73 20 6f |e new fe|atures o|
|00001080| 66 0a 5c 4c 61 54 65 58 | 65 7b 7d 2c 20 79 6f 75 |f.\LaTeX|e{}, you|
|00001090| 20 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 | 72 65 61 64 20 5c 65 6d | should |read \em|
|000010a0| 70 68 7b 5c 4c 61 54 65 | 58 62 6f 6f 6b 7d 0a 62 |ph{\LaTe|Xbook}.b|
|000010b0| 79 20 4c 65 73 6c 69 65 | 20 4c 61 6d 70 6f 72 74 |y Leslie| Lamport|
|000010c0| 7e 5c 63 69 74 65 7b 41 | 2d 57 3a 4c 4c 61 39 34 |~\cite{A|-W:LLa94|
|000010d0| 7d 2e 0a 20 0a 41 20 6d | 6f 72 65 20 64 65 74 61 |}.. .A m|ore deta|
|000010e0| 69 6c 65 64 20 64 65 73 | 63 72 69 70 74 69 6f 6e |iled des|cription|
|000010f0| 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 | 6e 65 77 20 66 65 61 74 | of the |new feat|
|00001100| 75 72 65 73 20 6f 66 20 | 5c 4c 61 54 65 58 7b 7d |ures of |\LaTeX{}|
|00001110| 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 61 6e | 0a 6f 76 65 72 76 69 65 |, and an|.overvie|
|00001120| 77 20 6f 66 20 6d 6f 72 | 65 20 74 68 61 6e 20 31 |w of mor|e than 1|
|00001130| 35 30 20 70 61 63 6b 61 | 67 65 73 2c 20 69 73 20 |50 packa|ges, is |
|00001140| 74 6f 20 62 65 20 66 6f | 75 6e 64 20 69 6e 0a 5c |to be fo|und in.\|
|00001150| 65 6d 70 68 7b 5c 4c 61 | 54 65 58 63 6f 6d 70 7d |emph{\La|TeXcomp}|
|00001160| 20 62 79 20 4d 69 63 68 | 65 6c 20 47 6f 6f 73 73 | by Mich|el Gooss|
|00001170| 65 6e 73 2c 20 46 72 61 | 6e 6b 20 4d 69 74 74 65 |ens, Fra|nk Mitte|
|00001180| 6c 62 61 63 68 20 61 6e | 64 20 41 6c 65 78 61 6e |lbach an|d Alexan|
|00001190| 64 65 72 0a 53 61 6d 61 | 72 69 6e 7e 5c 63 69 74 |der.Sama|rin~\cit|
|000011a0| 65 7b 41 2d 57 3a 47 4d | 53 39 34 7d 2e 0a 20 0a |e{A-W:GM|S94}.. .|
|000011b0| 54 68 65 20 5c 4c 61 54 | 65 58 7b 7d 20 66 6f 6e |The \LaT|eX{} fon|
|000011c0| 74 20 73 65 6c 65 63 74 | 69 6f 6e 20 73 63 68 65 |t select|ion sche|
|000011d0| 6d 65 20 69 73 20 62 61 | 73 65 64 20 6f 6e 20 5c |me is ba|sed on \|
|000011e0| 54 65 58 7b 7d 2c 20 77 | 68 69 63 68 20 69 73 0a |TeX{}, w|hich is.|
|000011f0| 64 65 73 63 72 69 62 65 | 64 20 69 6e 20 5c 65 6d |describe|d in \em|
|00001200| 70 68 7b 54 68 65 20 5c | 54 65 58 20 62 6f 6f 6b |ph{The \|TeX book|
|00001210| 7d 20 62 79 20 44 6f 6e | 61 6c 64 20 45 2e 7e 4b |} by Don|ald E.~K|
|00001220| 6e 75 74 68 7e 5c 63 69 | 74 65 7b 41 2d 57 3a 44 |nuth~\ci|te{A-W:D|
|00001230| 45 4b 39 31 7d 2e 0a 20 | 0a 54 68 65 72 65 20 61 |EK91}.. |.There a|
|00001240| 72 65 20 61 20 6e 75 6d | 62 65 72 20 6f 66 20 64 |re a num|ber of d|
|00001250| 6f 63 75 6d 65 6e 74 61 | 74 69 6f 6e 20 66 69 6c |ocumenta|tion fil|
|00001260| 65 73 20 77 68 69 63 68 | 20 61 63 63 6f 6d 70 61 |es which| accompa|
|00001270| 6e 79 20 65 76 65 72 79 | 20 63 6f 70 79 0a 6f 66 |ny every| copy.of|
|00001280| 20 5c 4c 61 54 65 58 7b | 7d 2e 20 20 41 20 63 6f | \LaTeX{|}. A co|
|00001290| 70 79 20 6f 66 20 5c 65 | 6d 70 68 7b 5c 4c 61 54 |py of \e|mph{\LaT|
|000012a0| 65 58 7b 7d 20 4e 65 77 | 73 7d 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 |eX{} New|s} will |
|000012b0| 63 6f 6d 65 20 6f 75 74 | 20 77 69 74 68 20 65 61 |come out| with ea|
|000012c0| 63 68 0a 73 69 78 2d 6d | 6f 6e 74 68 6c 79 20 72 |ch.six-m|onthly r|
|000012d0| 65 6c 65 61 73 65 20 6f | 66 20 5c 4c 61 54 65 58 |elease o|f \LaTeX|
|000012e0| 7b 7d 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 | 69 73 20 66 6f 75 6e 64 |{}, and |is found|
|000012f0| 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 | 66 69 6c 65 73 0a 7c 6c | in the |files.|l|
|00001300| 74 6e 65 77 73 2a 2e 74 | 65 78 7c 2e 20 20 54 68 |tnews*.t|ex|. Th|
|00001310| 65 20 61 75 74 68 6f 72 | 27 73 20 67 75 69 64 65 |e author|'s guide|
|00001320| 20 5c 65 6d 70 68 7b 5c | 75 73 72 67 75 69 64 65 | \emph{\|usrguide|
|00001330| 7d 20 64 65 73 63 72 69 | 62 65 73 20 74 68 65 20 |} descri|bes the |
|00001340| 6e 65 77 0a 5c 4c 61 54 | 65 58 7b 7d 20 64 6f 63 |new.\LaT|eX{} doc|
|00001350| 75 6d 65 6e 74 20 66 65 | 61 74 75 72 65 73 3b 20 |ument fe|atures; |
|00001360| 69 74 20 69 73 20 69 6e | 20 7c 75 73 72 67 75 69 |it is in| |usrgui|
|00001370| 64 65 2e 74 65 78 7c 2e | 20 20 54 68 65 20 67 75 |de.tex|.| The gu|
|00001380| 69 64 65 0a 5c 65 6d 70 | 68 7b 5c 66 6e 74 67 75 |ide.\emp|h{\fntgu|
|00001390| 69 64 65 7d 20 64 65 73 | 63 72 69 62 65 73 20 74 |ide} des|cribes t|
|000013a0| 68 65 20 5c 4c 61 54 65 | 58 7b 7d 20 66 6f 6e 74 |he \LaTe|X{} font|
|000013b0| 20 73 65 6c 65 63 74 69 | 6f 6e 20 73 63 68 65 6d | selecti|on schem|
|000013c0| 65 20 66 6f 72 0a 63 6c | 61 73 73 2d 20 61 6e 64 |e for.cl|ass- and|
|000013d0| 20 70 61 63 6b 61 67 65 | 2d 77 72 69 74 65 72 73 | package|-writers|
|000013e0| 3b 20 69 74 20 69 73 20 | 69 6e 20 7c 66 6e 74 67 |; it is |in |fntg|
|000013f0| 75 69 64 65 2e 74 65 78 | 7c 2e 0a 0a 57 65 20 61 |uide.tex||...We a|
|00001400| 72 65 20 67 72 61 64 75 | 61 6c 6c 79 20 74 75 72 |re gradu|ally tur|
|00001410| 6e 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 | 20 73 6f 75 72 63 65 20 |ning the| source |
|00001420| 63 6f 64 65 20 66 6f 72 | 20 5c 4c 61 54 65 58 7b |code for| \LaTeX{|
|00001430| 7d 20 69 6e 74 6f 20 61 | 20 5c 4c 61 54 65 58 7b |} into a| \LaTeX{|
|00001440| 7d 0a 64 6f 63 75 6d 65 | 6e 74 20 5c 65 6d 70 68 |}.docume|nt \emph|
|00001450| 7b 5c 73 6f 75 72 63 65 | 63 6f 64 65 7d 2e 20 20 |{\source|code}. |
|00001460| 54 68 69 73 20 64 6f 63 | 75 6d 65 6e 74 20 69 6e |This doc|ument in|
|00001470| 63 6c 75 64 65 73 20 61 | 6e 20 69 6e 64 65 78 20 |cludes a|n index |
|00001480| 6f 66 0a 5c 4c 61 54 65 | 58 7b 7d 20 63 6f 6d 6d |of.\LaTe|X{} comm|
|00001490| 61 6e 64 73 20 61 6e 64 | 20 63 61 6e 20 62 65 20 |ands and| can be |
|000014a0| 74 79 70 65 73 65 74 20 | 66 72 6f 6d 20 7c 73 6f |typeset |from |so|
|000014b0| 75 72 63 65 32 65 2e 74 | 65 78 7c 2e 0a 20 0a 46 |urce2e.t|ex|.. .F|
|000014c0| 6f 72 20 6d 6f 72 65 20 | 69 6e 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 |or more |informat|
|000014d0| 69 6f 6e 20 61 62 6f 75 | 74 20 5c 54 65 58 7b 7d |ion abou|t \TeX{}|
|000014e0| 20 61 6e 64 20 5c 4c 61 | 54 65 58 7b 7d 2c 20 70 | and \La|TeX{}, p|
|000014f0| 6c 65 61 73 65 20 63 6f | 6e 74 61 63 74 20 79 6f |lease co|ntact yo|
|00001500| 75 72 20 0a 6c 6f 63 61 | 6c 20 5c 54 65 58 7b 7d |ur .loca|l \TeX{}|
|00001510| 20 55 73 65 72 73 20 47 | 72 6f 75 70 2c 20 6f 72 | Users G|roup, or|
|00001520| 20 74 68 65 20 69 6e 74 | 65 72 6e 61 74 69 6f 6e | the int|ernation|
|00001530| 61 6c 20 5c 54 65 58 7b | 7d 20 55 73 65 72 73 20 |al \TeX{|} Users |
|00001540| 47 72 6f 75 70 2c 20 0a | 50 2e 7e 4f 2e 5c 20 42 |Group, .|P.~O.\ B|
|00001550| 6f 78 7e 38 36 39 2c 20 | 53 61 6e 74 61 20 42 61 |ox~869, |Santa Ba|
|00001560| 72 62 61 72 61 2c 20 43 | 41 20 39 33 31 30 32 2d |rbara, C|A 93102-|
|00001570| 30 38 36 39 2c 20 55 53 | 41 2c 20 46 61 78 3a 7e |0869, US|A, Fax:~|
|00001580| 2b 31 20 38 30 35 20 39 | 36 33 20 0a 38 33 35 38 |+1 805 9|63 .8358|
|00001590| 2c 20 45 2d 6d 61 69 6c | 3a 7e 74 75 67 40 74 75 |, E-mail|:~tug@tu|
|000015a0| 67 2e 6f 72 67 2e 0a 20 | 0a 0a 5c 73 65 63 74 69 |g.org.. |..\secti|
|000015b0| 6f 6e 7b 57 72 69 74 69 | 6e 67 20 63 6c 61 73 73 |on{Writi|ng class|
|000015c0| 65 73 20 61 6e 64 20 70 | 61 63 6b 61 67 65 73 7d |es and p|ackages}|
|000015d0| 0a 5c 6c 61 62 65 6c 7b | 53 65 63 3a 77 72 69 74 |.\label{|Sec:writ|
|000015e0| 69 6e 67 7d 0a 20 0a 54 | 68 69 73 20 73 65 63 74 |ing}. .T|his sect|
|000015f0| 69 6f 6e 20 63 6f 76 65 | 72 73 20 73 6f 6d 65 20 |ion cove|rs some |
|00001600| 67 65 6e 65 72 61 6c 20 | 70 6f 69 6e 74 73 20 63 |general |points c|
|00001610| 6f 6e 63 65 72 6e 65 64 | 20 77 69 74 68 20 77 72 |oncerned| with wr|
|00001620| 69 74 69 6e 67 0a 5c 4c | 61 54 65 58 7b 7d 20 63 |iting.\L|aTeX{} c|
|00001630| 6c 61 73 73 65 73 20 61 | 6e 64 20 70 61 63 6b 61 |lasses a|nd packa|
|00001640| 67 65 73 2e 0a 0a 0a 5c | 73 75 62 73 65 63 74 69 |ges....\|subsecti|
|00001650| 6f 6e 7b 4f 6c 64 20 76 | 65 72 73 69 6f 6e 73 7d |on{Old v|ersions}|
|00001660| 0a 0a 49 66 20 79 6f 75 | 20 61 72 65 20 75 70 67 |..If you| are upg|
|00001670| 72 61 64 69 6e 67 20 61 | 6e 20 65 78 69 73 74 69 |rading a|n existi|
|00001680| 6e 67 20 5c 4c 61 54 65 | 58 7e 32 2e 30 39 20 73 |ng \LaTe|X~2.09 s|
|00001690| 74 79 6c 65 20 66 69 6c | 65 20 74 68 65 6e 20 77 |tyle fil|e then w|
|000016a0| 65 0a 72 65 63 6f 6d 6d | 65 6e 64 20 66 72 65 65 |e.recomm|end free|
|000016b0| 7a 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 | 20 32 2e 30 39 20 76 65 |zing the| 2.09 ve|
|000016c0| 72 73 69 6f 6e 20 61 6e | 64 20 6e 6f 20 6c 6f 6e |rsion an|d no lon|
|000016d0| 67 65 72 20 6d 61 69 6e | 74 61 69 6e 69 6e 67 20 |ger main|taining |
|000016e0| 69 74 2e 0a 45 78 70 65 | 72 69 65 6e 63 65 20 77 |it..Expe|rience w|
|000016f0| 69 74 68 20 74 68 65 20 | 76 61 72 69 6f 75 73 20 |ith the |various |
|00001700| 64 69 61 6c 65 63 74 73 | 20 6f 66 20 5c 4c 61 54 |dialects| of \LaT|
|00001710| 65 58 7b 7d 20 77 68 69 | 63 68 20 65 78 69 73 74 |eX{} whi|ch exist|
|00001720| 65 64 20 69 6e 20 74 68 | 65 0a 65 61 72 6c 79 20 |ed in th|e.early |
|00001730| 31 39 39 30 27 73 20 73 | 75 67 67 65 73 74 73 20 |1990's s|uggests |
|00001740| 74 68 61 74 20 6d 61 69 | 6e 74 61 69 6e 69 6e 67 |that mai|ntaining|
|00001750| 20 70 61 63 6b 61 67 65 | 73 20 66 6f 72 20 64 69 | package|s for di|
|00001760| 66 66 65 72 65 6e 74 20 | 76 65 72 73 69 6f 6e 73 |fferent |versions|
|00001770| 0a 6f 66 20 5c 4c 61 54 | 65 58 7b 7d 20 69 73 20 |.of \LaT|eX{} is |
|00001780| 61 6c 6d 6f 73 74 20 69 | 6d 70 6f 73 73 69 62 6c |almost i|mpossibl|
|00001790| 65 2e 20 20 49 74 20 77 | 69 6c 6c 2c 20 6f 66 20 |e. It w|ill, of |
|000017a0| 63 6f 75 72 73 65 2c 20 | 62 65 20 6e 65 63 65 73 |course, |be neces|
|000017b0| 73 61 72 79 0a 66 6f 72 | 20 73 6f 6d 65 20 6f 72 |sary.for| some or|
|000017c0| 67 61 6e 69 73 61 74 69 | 6f 6e 73 20 74 6f 20 6d |ganisati|ons to m|
|000017d0| 61 69 6e 74 61 69 6e 20 | 62 6f 74 68 20 76 65 72 |aintain |both ver|
|000017e0| 73 69 6f 6e 73 20 69 6e | 20 70 61 72 61 6c 6c 65 |sions in| paralle|
|000017f0| 6c 20 66 6f 72 20 73 6f | 6d 65 0a 74 69 6d 65 20 |l for so|me.time |
|00001800| 62 75 74 20 74 68 69 73 | 20 69 73 20 6e 6f 74 20 |but this| is not |
|00001810| 65 73 73 65 6e 74 69 61 | 6c 20 66 6f 72 20 74 68 |essentia|l for th|
|00001820| 6f 73 65 20 70 61 63 6b | 61 67 65 73 20 61 6e 64 |ose pack|ages and|
|00001830| 20 63 6c 61 73 73 65 73 | 0a 73 75 70 70 6f 72 74 | classes|.support|
|00001840| 65 64 20 62 79 20 69 6e | 64 69 76 69 64 75 61 6c |ed by in|dividual|
|00001850| 73 3a 20 74 68 65 79 20 | 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 73 |s: they |should s|
|00001860| 75 70 70 6f 72 74 20 6f | 6e 6c 79 20 74 68 65 20 |upport o|nly the |
|00001870| 6e 65 77 20 73 74 61 6e | 64 61 72 64 0a 5c 4c 61 |new stan|dard.\La|
|00001880| 54 65 58 65 7b 7d 2c 20 | 6e 6f 74 20 6f 62 73 6f |TeXe{}, |not obso|
|00001890| 6c 65 74 65 20 76 65 72 | 73 69 6f 6e 73 20 6f 66 |lete ver|sions of|
|000018a0| 20 5c 4c 61 54 65 58 7b | 7d 2e 0a 0a 0a 5c 73 75 | \LaTeX{|}....\su|
|000018b0| 62 73 65 63 74 69 6f 6e | 7b 55 73 69 6e 67 20 64 |bsection|{Using d|
|000018c0| 6f 63 73 74 72 69 70 20 | 61 6e 64 20 64 6f 63 7d |ocstrip |and doc}|
|000018d0| 0a 20 0a 49 66 20 79 6f | 75 20 61 72 65 20 67 6f |. .If yo|u are go|
|000018e0| 69 6e 67 20 74 6f 20 77 | 72 69 74 65 20 61 20 6c |ing to w|rite a l|
|000018f0| 61 72 67 65 20 63 6c 61 | 73 73 20 6f 72 20 70 61 |arge cla|ss or pa|
|00001900| 63 6b 61 67 65 20 66 6f | 72 20 5c 4c 61 54 65 58 |ckage fo|r \LaTeX|
|00001910| 7b 7d 20 74 68 65 6e 0a | 79 6f 75 20 73 68 6f 75 |{} then.|you shou|
|00001920| 6c 64 20 63 6f 6e 73 69 | 64 65 72 20 75 73 69 6e |ld consi|der usin|
|00001930| 67 20 74 68 65 20 7c 64 | 6f 63 7c 20 73 6f 66 74 |g the |d|oc| soft|
|00001940| 77 61 72 65 20 77 68 69 | 63 68 20 63 6f 6d 65 73 |ware whi|ch comes|
|00001950| 20 77 69 74 68 0a 5c 4c | 61 54 65 58 7b 7d 2e 20 | with.\L|aTeX{}. |
|00001960| 0a 5c 4c 61 54 65 58 7b | 7d 20 63 6c 61 73 73 65 |.\LaTeX{|} classe|
|00001970| 73 20 61 6e 64 20 70 61 | 63 6b 61 67 65 73 20 77 |s and pa|ckages w|
|00001980| 72 69 74 74 65 6e 20 75 | 73 69 6e 67 20 74 68 69 |ritten u|sing thi|
|00001990| 73 20 63 61 6e 20 62 65 | 0a 70 72 6f 63 65 73 73 |s can be|.process|
|000019a0| 65 64 20 69 6e 20 74 77 | 6f 20 77 61 79 73 3a 20 |ed in tw|o ways: |
|000019b0| 74 68 65 79 20 63 61 6e | 20 62 65 20 72 75 6e 20 |they can| be run |
|000019c0| 74 68 72 6f 75 67 68 20 | 5c 4c 61 54 65 58 7b 7d |through |\LaTeX{}|
|000019d0| 2c 20 74 6f 20 70 72 6f | 64 75 63 65 0a 64 6f 63 |, to pro|duce.doc|
|000019e0| 75 6d 65 6e 74 61 74 69 | 6f 6e 3b 20 61 6e 64 20 |umentati|on; and |
|000019f0| 74 68 65 79 20 63 61 6e | 20 62 65 20 70 72 6f 63 |they can| be proc|
|00001a00| 65 73 73 65 64 20 77 69 | 74 68 20 7c 64 6f 63 73 |essed wi|th |docs|
|00001a10| 74 72 69 70 7c 2c 20 74 | 6f 20 70 72 6f 64 75 63 |trip|, t|o produc|
|00001a20| 65 0a 74 68 65 20 7c 2e | 63 6c 73 7c 20 6f 72 20 |e.the |.|cls| or |
|00001a30| 7c 2e 73 74 79 7c 20 66 | 69 6c 65 2e 0a 20 0a 54 ||.sty| f|ile.. .T|
|00001a40| 68 65 20 7c 64 6f 63 7c | 20 73 6f 66 74 77 61 72 |he |doc|| softwar|
|00001a50| 65 20 63 61 6e 20 61 75 | 74 6f 6d 61 74 69 63 61 |e can au|tomatica|
|00001a60| 6c 6c 79 20 67 65 6e 65 | 72 61 74 65 20 69 6e 64 |lly gene|rate ind|
|00001a70| 65 78 65 73 20 6f 66 20 | 64 65 66 69 6e 69 74 69 |exes of |definiti|
|00001a80| 6f 6e 73 2c 0a 69 6e 64 | 65 78 65 73 20 6f 66 20 |ons,.ind|exes of |
|00001a90| 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 20 | 75 73 65 2c 20 61 6e 64 |command |use, and|
|00001aa0| 20 63 68 61 6e 67 65 2d | 6c 6f 67 20 6c 69 73 74 | change-|log list|
|00001ab0| 73 2e 20 20 49 74 20 69 | 73 20 76 65 72 79 20 75 |s. It i|s very u|
|00001ac0| 73 65 66 75 6c 20 66 6f | 72 0a 6d 61 69 6e 74 61 |seful fo|r.mainta|
|00001ad0| 69 6e 69 6e 67 20 61 6e | 64 20 64 6f 63 75 6d 65 |ining an|d docume|
|00001ae0| 6e 74 69 6e 67 20 6c 61 | 72 67 65 20 5c 54 65 58 |nting la|rge \TeX|
|00001af0| 7b 7d 20 73 6f 75 72 63 | 65 73 2e 0a 20 0a 54 68 |{} sourc|es.. .Th|
|00001b00| 65 20 64 6f 63 75 6d 65 | 6e 74 65 64 20 73 6f 75 |e docume|nted sou|
|00001b10| 72 63 65 73 20 6f 66 20 | 74 68 65 20 5c 4c 61 54 |rces of |the \LaT|
|00001b20| 65 58 7b 7d 20 6b 65 72 | 6e 65 6c 20 69 74 73 65 |eX{} ker|nel itse|
|00001b30| 6c 66 20 2c 61 6e 64 20 | 6f 66 20 74 68 65 0a 73 |lf ,and |of the.s|
|00001b40| 74 61 6e 64 61 72 64 20 | 63 6c 61 73 73 65 73 2c |tandard |classes,|
|00001b50| 20 65 74 63 2c 20 61 72 | 65 20 7c 64 6f 63 7c 20 | etc, ar|e |doc| |
|00001b60| 64 6f 63 75 6d 65 6e 74 | 73 3b 20 74 68 65 79 20 |document|s; they |
|00001b70| 61 72 65 20 69 6e 20 74 | 68 65 20 7c 2e 64 74 78 |are in t|he |.dtx|
|00001b80| 7c 0a 66 69 6c 65 73 20 | 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 64 ||.files |in the d|
|00001b90| 69 73 74 72 69 62 75 74 | 69 6f 6e 2e 20 20 59 6f |istribut|ion. Yo|
|00001ba0| 75 20 63 61 6e 2c 20 69 | 6e 20 66 61 63 74 2c 20 |u can, i|n fact, |
|00001bb0| 74 79 70 65 73 65 74 20 | 74 68 65 20 73 6f 75 72 |typeset |the sour|
|00001bc0| 63 65 20 63 6f 64 65 0a | 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 6b |ce code.|of the k|
|00001bd0| 65 72 6e 65 6c 20 61 73 | 20 6f 6e 65 20 6c 6f 6e |ernel as| one lon|
|00001be0| 67 20 64 6f 63 75 6d 65 | 6e 74 2c 20 63 6f 6d 70 |g docume|nt, comp|
|00001bf0| 6c 65 74 65 20 77 69 74 | 68 20 69 6e 64 65 78 2c |lete wit|h index,|
|00001c00| 20 62 79 20 72 75 6e 6e | 69 6e 67 0a 5c 4c 61 54 | by runn|ing.\LaT|
|00001c10| 65 58 7b 7d 20 6f 6e 20 | 7c 73 6f 75 72 63 65 32 |eX{} on ||source2|
|00001c20| 65 2e 74 65 78 7c 2e 0a | 20 0a 46 6f 72 20 6d 6f |e.tex|..| .For mo|
|00001c30| 72 65 20 69 6e 66 6f 72 | 6d 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f |re infor|mation o|
|00001c40| 6e 20 7c 64 6f 63 7c 20 | 61 6e 64 20 7c 64 6f 63 |n |doc| |and |doc|
|00001c50| 73 74 72 69 70 7c 2c 20 | 63 6f 6e 73 75 6c 74 20 |strip|, |consult |
|00001c60| 74 68 65 20 66 69 6c 65 | 73 0a 7c 64 6f 63 73 74 |the file|s.|docst|
|00001c70| 72 69 70 2e 64 74 78 7c | 2c 20 7c 64 6f 63 2e 64 |rip.dtx||, |doc.d|
|00001c80| 74 78 7c 2c 20 61 6e 64 | 20 5c 65 6d 70 68 7b 5c |tx|, and| \emph{\|
|00001c90| 4c 61 54 65 58 63 6f 6d | 70 7d 2e 20 20 46 6f 72 |LaTeXcom|p}. For|
|00001ca0| 20 65 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 | 73 20 6f 66 20 69 74 73 | example|s of its|
|00001cb0| 0a 75 73 65 2c 20 6c 6f | 6f 6b 20 61 74 20 74 68 |.use, lo|ok at th|
|00001cc0| 65 20 7c 2e 64 74 78 7c | 20 66 69 6c 65 73 2e 0a |e |.dtx|| files..|
|00001cd0| 0a 5c 73 75 62 73 65 63 | 74 69 6f 6e 7b 49 73 20 |.\subsec|tion{Is |
|00001ce0| 69 74 20 61 20 63 6c 61 | 73 73 20 6f 72 20 61 20 |it a cla|ss or a |
|00001cf0| 70 61 63 6b 61 67 65 3f | 7d 0a 5c 6c 61 62 65 6c |package?|}.\label|
|00001d00| 7b 53 65 63 3a 63 6c 61 | 73 73 6f 72 70 6b 67 7d |{Sec:cla|ssorpkg}|
|00001d10| 0a 20 0a 54 68 65 20 66 | 69 72 73 74 20 74 68 69 |. .The f|irst thi|
|00001d20| 6e 67 20 74 6f 20 64 6f | 20 77 68 65 6e 20 79 6f |ng to do| when yo|
|00001d30| 75 20 77 61 6e 74 20 74 | 6f 20 70 75 74 20 73 6f |u want t|o put so|
|00001d40| 6d 65 20 6e 65 77 20 5c | 4c 61 54 65 58 7b 7d 20 |me new \|LaTeX{} |
|00001d50| 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 73 | 0a 69 6e 20 61 20 66 69 |commands|.in a fi|
|00001d60| 6c 65 20 69 73 20 74 6f | 20 64 65 63 69 64 65 20 |le is to| decide |
|00001d70| 77 68 65 74 68 65 72 20 | 69 74 20 73 68 6f 75 6c |whether |it shoul|
|00001d80| 64 20 62 65 20 61 20 5c | 65 6d 70 68 7b 64 6f 63 |d be a \|emph{doc|
|00001d90| 75 6d 65 6e 74 20 63 6c | 61 73 73 7d 20 6f 72 20 |ument cl|ass} or |
|00001da0| 61 0a 5c 65 6d 70 68 7b | 70 61 63 6b 61 67 65 7d |a.\emph{|package}|
|00001db0| 2e 20 20 54 68 65 20 72 | 75 6c 65 20 6f 66 20 74 |. The r|ule of t|
|00001dc0| 68 75 6d 62 20 69 73 3a | 0a 5c 62 65 67 69 6e 7b |humb is:|.\begin{|
|00001dd0| 71 75 6f 74 65 7d 0a 20 | 20 69 66 20 74 68 65 20 |quote}. | if the |
|00001de0| 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 73 | 20 63 6f 75 6c 64 20 62 |commands| could b|
|00001df0| 65 20 75 73 65 64 20 77 | 69 74 68 20 61 6e 79 20 |e used w|ith any |
|00001e00| 64 6f 63 75 6d 65 6e 74 | 20 63 6c 61 73 73 2c 20 |document| class, |
|00001e10| 74 68 65 6e 20 6d 61 6b | 65 0a 20 20 74 68 65 6d |then mak|e. them|
|00001e20| 20 61 20 70 61 63 6b 61 | 67 65 3b 20 61 6e 64 20 | a packa|ge; and |
|00001e30| 69 66 20 6e 6f 74 2c 20 | 74 68 65 6e 20 6d 61 6b |if not, |then mak|
|00001e40| 65 20 74 68 65 6d 20 61 | 20 63 6c 61 73 73 2e 0a |e them a| class..|
|00001e50| 5c 65 6e 64 7b 71 75 6f | 74 65 7d 0a 0a 54 68 65 |\end{quo|te}..The|
|00001e60| 72 65 20 61 72 65 20 74 | 77 6f 20 6d 61 6a 6f 72 |re are t|wo major|
|00001e70| 20 74 79 70 65 73 20 6f | 66 20 63 6c 61 73 73 3a | types o|f class:|
|00001e80| 20 74 68 6f 73 65 20 6c | 69 6b 65 20 7c 61 72 74 | those l|ike |art|
|00001e90| 69 63 6c 65 7c 2c 20 7c | 72 65 70 6f 72 74 7c 20 |icle|, ||report| |
|00001ea0| 6f 72 0a 7c 6c 65 74 74 | 65 72 7c 2c 20 77 68 69 |or.|lett|er|, whi|
|00001eb0| 63 68 20 61 72 65 20 66 | 72 65 65 2d 73 74 61 6e |ch are f|ree-stan|
|00001ec0| 64 69 6e 67 3b 20 61 6e | 64 20 74 68 6f 73 65 20 |ding; an|d those |
|00001ed0| 77 68 69 63 68 20 61 72 | 65 20 65 78 74 65 6e 73 |which ar|e extens|
|00001ee0| 69 6f 6e 73 20 6f 72 0a | 76 61 72 69 61 74 69 6f |ions or.|variatio|
|00001ef0| 6e 73 20 6f 66 20 6f 74 | 68 65 72 20 63 6c 61 73 |ns of ot|her clas|
|00001f00| 73 65 73 2d 2d 2d 66 6f | 72 20 65 78 61 6d 70 6c |ses---fo|r exampl|
|00001f10| 65 2c 20 74 68 65 20 7c | 70 72 6f 63 7c 20 64 6f |e, the ||proc| do|
|00001f20| 63 75 6d 65 6e 74 20 63 | 6c 61 73 73 2c 0a 77 68 |cument c|lass,.wh|
|00001f30| 69 63 68 20 69 73 20 62 | 75 69 6c 74 20 6f 6e 20 |ich is b|uilt on |
|00001f40| 74 68 65 20 7c 61 72 74 | 69 63 6c 65 7c 20 64 6f |the |art|icle| do|
|00001f50| 63 75 6d 65 6e 74 20 63 | 6c 61 73 73 2e 0a 0a 54 |cument c|lass...T|
|00001f60| 68 75 73 2c 20 61 20 63 | 6f 6d 70 61 6e 79 20 6d |hus, a c|ompany m|
|00001f70| 69 67 68 74 20 68 61 76 | 65 20 61 20 6c 6f 63 61 |ight hav|e a loca|
|00001f80| 6c 20 7c 6f 77 6e 6c 65 | 74 7c 20 63 6c 61 73 73 |l |ownle|t| class|
|00001f90| 20 66 6f 72 20 70 72 69 | 6e 74 69 6e 67 20 6c 65 | for pri|nting le|
|00001fa0| 74 74 65 72 73 0a 77 69 | 74 68 20 74 68 65 69 72 |tters.wi|th their|
|00001fb0| 20 6f 77 6e 20 68 65 61 | 64 65 64 20 6e 6f 74 65 | own hea|ded note|
|00001fc0| 70 61 70 65 72 2e 20 20 | 53 75 63 68 20 61 20 63 |paper. |Such a c|
|00001fd0| 6c 61 73 73 20 77 6f 75 | 6c 64 20 62 75 69 6c 64 |lass wou|ld build|
|00001fe0| 20 6f 6e 20 74 6f 70 20 | 6f 66 0a 74 68 65 20 65 | on top |of.the e|
|00001ff0| 78 69 73 74 69 6e 67 20 | 7c 6c 65 74 74 65 72 7c |xisting ||letter||
|00002000| 20 63 6c 61 73 73 20 62 | 75 74 20 69 74 20 63 61 | class b|ut it ca|
|00002010| 6e 6e 6f 74 20 62 65 20 | 75 73 65 64 20 77 69 74 |nnot be |used wit|
|00002020| 68 20 61 6e 79 20 6f 74 | 68 65 72 0a 64 6f 63 75 |h any ot|her.docu|
|00002030| 6d 65 6e 74 20 63 6c 61 | 73 73 2c 20 73 6f 20 77 |ment cla|ss, so w|
|00002040| 65 20 68 61 76 65 20 7c | 6f 77 6e 6c 65 74 2e 63 |e have ||ownlet.c|
|00002050| 6c 73 7c 20 72 61 74 68 | 65 72 20 74 68 61 6e 20 |ls| rath|er than |
|00002060| 7c 6f 77 6e 6c 65 74 2e | 73 74 79 7c 2e 0a 20 0a ||ownlet.|sty|.. .|
|00002070| 54 68 65 20 7c 67 72 61 | 70 68 69 63 73 7c 20 70 |The |gra|phics| p|
|00002080| 61 63 6b 61 67 65 2c 20 | 69 6e 20 63 6f 6e 74 72 |ackage, |in contr|
|00002090| 61 73 74 2c 20 70 72 6f | 76 69 64 65 73 20 63 6f |ast, pro|vides co|
|000020a0| 6d 6d 61 6e 64 73 20 66 | 6f 72 20 69 6e 63 6c 75 |mmands f|or inclu|
|000020b0| 64 69 6e 67 0a 69 6d 61 | 67 65 73 20 69 6e 74 6f |ding.ima|ges into|
|000020c0| 20 61 20 5c 4c 61 54 65 | 58 7b 7d 20 64 6f 63 75 | a \LaTe|X{} docu|
|000020d0| 6d 65 6e 74 2e 20 20 53 | 69 6e 63 65 20 74 68 65 |ment. S|ince the|
|000020e0| 73 65 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 | 6e 64 73 20 63 61 6e 20 |se comma|nds can |
|000020f0| 62 65 20 75 73 65 64 0a | 77 69 74 68 20 61 6e 79 |be used.|with any|
|00002100| 20 64 6f 63 75 6d 65 6e | 74 20 63 6c 61 73 73 2c | documen|t class,|
|00002110| 20 77 65 20 68 61 76 65 | 20 7c 67 72 61 70 68 69 | we have| |graphi|
|00002120| 63 73 2e 73 74 79 7c 20 | 72 61 74 68 65 72 20 74 |cs.sty| |rather t|
|00002130| 68 61 6e 0a 7c 67 72 61 | 70 68 69 63 73 2e 63 6c |han.|gra|phics.cl|
|00002140| 73 7c 2e 0a 20 0a 0a 5c | 73 75 62 73 65 63 74 69 |s|.. ..\|subsecti|
|00002150| 6f 6e 7b 43 6f 6d 6d 61 | 6e 64 20 6e 61 6d 65 73 |on{Comma|nd names|
|00002160| 7d 0a 20 0a 5c 4c 61 54 | 65 58 7b 7d 20 68 61 73 |}. .\LaT|eX{} has|
|00002170| 20 74 68 72 65 65 20 74 | 79 70 65 73 20 6f 66 20 | three t|ypes of |
|00002180| 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 2e | 0a 20 0a 54 68 65 72 65 |command.|. .There|
|00002190| 20 61 72 65 20 74 68 65 | 20 61 75 74 68 6f 72 20 | are the| author |
|000021a0| 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 73 | 2c 20 73 75 63 68 20 61 |commands|, such a|
|000021b0| 73 20 7c 5c 73 65 63 74 | 69 6f 6e 7c 2c 20 7c 5c |s |\sect|ion|, |\|
|000021c0| 65 6d 70 68 7c 20 61 6e | 64 0a 7c 5c 74 69 6d 65 |emph| an|d.|\time|
|000021d0| 73 7c 3a 20 20 6d 6f 73 | 74 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 |s|: mos|t of the|
|000021e0| 73 65 20 68 61 76 65 20 | 73 68 6f 72 74 20 6e 61 |se have |short na|
|000021f0| 6d 65 73 2c 20 61 6c 6c | 20 69 6e 20 6c 6f 77 65 |mes, all| in lowe|
|00002200| 72 20 63 61 73 65 2e 0a | 20 0a 54 68 65 72 65 20 |r case..| .There |
|00002210| 61 72 65 20 74 68 65 20 | 63 6c 61 73 73 20 61 6e |are the |class an|
|00002220| 64 20 70 61 63 6b 61 67 | 65 20 77 72 69 74 65 72 |d packag|e writer|
|00002230| 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 | 73 3a 0a 6d 6f 73 74 20 | command|s:.most |
|00002240| 6f 66 20 74 68 65 73 65 | 20 68 61 76 65 20 6c 6f |of these| have lo|
|00002250| 6e 67 20 6d 69 78 65 64 | 2d 63 61 73 65 20 6e 61 |ng mixed|-case na|
|00002260| 6d 65 73 20 73 75 63 68 | 20 61 73 20 74 68 65 20 |mes such| as the |
|00002270| 66 6f 6c 6c 6f 77 69 6e | 67 2e 0a 5c 62 65 67 69 |followin|g..\begi|
|00002280| 6e 7b 76 65 72 62 61 74 | 69 6d 7d 0a 20 20 20 5c |n{verbat|im}. \|
|00002290| 49 6e 70 75 74 49 66 46 | 69 6c 65 45 78 69 73 74 |InputIfF|ileExist|
|000022a0| 73 20 20 5c 52 65 71 75 | 69 72 65 50 61 63 6b 61 |s \Requ|irePacka|
|000022b0| 67 65 20 20 5c 50 61 73 | 73 4f 70 74 69 6f 6e 73 |ge \Pas|sOptions|
|000022c0| 54 6f 43 6c 61 73 73 0a | 5c 65 6e 64 7b 76 65 72 |ToClass.|\end{ver|
|000022d0| 62 61 74 69 6d 7d 0a 20 | 0a 46 69 6e 61 6c 6c 79 |batim}. |.Finally|
|000022e0| 2c 20 74 68 65 72 65 20 | 61 72 65 20 74 68 65 20 |, there |are the |
|000022f0| 69 6e 74 65 72 6e 61 6c | 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 |internal| command|
|00002300| 73 20 75 73 65 64 20 69 | 6e 20 74 68 65 20 5c 4c |s used i|n the \L|
|00002310| 61 54 65 58 7b 7d 0a 69 | 6d 70 6c 65 6d 65 6e 74 |aTeX{}.i|mplement|
|00002320| 61 74 69 6f 6e 2c 20 73 | 75 63 68 20 61 73 20 7c |ation, s|uch as ||
|00002330| 5c 40 74 65 6d 70 63 6e | 74 61 7c 2c 20 7c 5c 40 |\@tempcn|ta|, |\@|
|00002340| 69 66 6e 65 78 74 63 68 | 61 72 7c 20 61 6e 64 20 |ifnextch|ar| and |
|00002350| 7c 5c 40 65 68 61 7c 3a | 0a 6d 6f 73 74 20 6f 66 ||\@eha|:|.most of|
|00002360| 20 74 68 65 73 65 20 63 | 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 73 20 | these c|ommands |
|00002370| 63 6f 6e 74 61 69 6e 20 | 7c 40 7c 20 69 6e 20 74 |contain ||@| in t|
|00002380| 68 65 69 72 20 6e 61 6d | 65 2c 20 77 68 69 63 68 |heir nam|e, which|
|00002390| 20 6d 65 61 6e 73 20 74 | 68 65 79 0a 63 61 6e 6e | means t|hey.cann|
|000023a0| 6f 74 20 62 65 20 75 73 | 65 64 20 69 6e 20 64 6f |ot be us|ed in do|
|000023b0| 63 75 6d 65 6e 74 73 2c | 20 6f 6e 6c 79 20 69 6e |cuments,| only in|
|000023c0| 20 63 6c 61 73 73 20 61 | 6e 64 20 70 61 63 6b 61 | class a|nd packa|
|000023d0| 67 65 20 66 69 6c 65 73 | 2e 0a 20 0a 55 6e 66 6f |ge files|.. .Unfo|
|000023e0| 72 74 75 6e 61 74 65 6c | 79 2c 20 66 6f 72 20 68 |rtunatel|y, for h|
|000023f0| 69 73 74 6f 72 69 63 61 | 6c 20 72 65 61 73 6f 6e |istorica|l reason|
|00002400| 73 20 74 68 65 20 64 69 | 73 74 69 6e 63 74 69 6f |s the di|stinctio|
|00002410| 6e 20 62 65 74 77 65 65 | 6e 20 74 68 65 73 65 0a |n betwee|n these.|
|00002420| 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 73 | 20 69 73 20 6f 66 74 65 |commands| is ofte|
|00002430| 6e 20 62 6c 75 72 72 65 | 64 2e 20 20 46 6f 72 20 |n blurre|d. For |
|00002440| 65 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 2c | 20 7c 5c 68 62 6f 78 7c |example,| |\hbox||
|00002450| 20 69 73 20 61 6e 20 69 | 6e 74 65 72 6e 61 6c 0a | is an i|nternal.|
|00002460| 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 20 | 77 68 69 63 68 20 73 68 |command |which sh|
|00002470| 6f 75 6c 64 20 6f 6e 6c | 79 20 62 65 20 75 73 65 |ould onl|y be use|
|00002480| 64 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 | 20 5c 4c 61 54 65 58 7b |d in the| \LaTeX{|
|00002490| 7d 20 6b 65 72 6e 65 6c | 2c 20 77 68 65 72 65 61 |} kernel|, wherea|
|000024a0| 73 0a 7c 5c 6d 40 6e 65 | 7c 20 69 73 20 74 68 65 |s.|\m@ne|| is the|
|000024b0| 20 63 6f 6e 73 74 61 6e | 74 20 24 2d 31 24 20 61 | constan|t $-1$ a|
|000024c0| 6e 64 20 63 6f 75 6c 64 | 20 68 61 76 65 20 62 65 |nd could| have be|
|000024d0| 65 6e 20 7c 5c 4d 69 6e | 75 73 4f 6e 65 7c 2e 0a |en |\Min|usOne|..|
|000024e0| 20 0a 48 6f 77 65 76 65 | 72 2c 20 74 68 69 73 20 | .Howeve|r, this |
|000024f0| 72 75 6c 65 20 6f 66 20 | 74 68 75 6d 62 20 69 73 |rule of |thumb is|
|00002500| 20 73 74 69 6c 6c 20 75 | 73 65 66 75 6c 3a 20 69 | still u|seful: i|
|00002510| 66 20 61 20 63 6f 6d 6d | 61 6e 64 20 68 61 73 20 |f a comm|and has |
|00002520| 7c 40 7c 20 69 6e 0a 69 | 74 73 20 6e 61 6d 65 20 ||@| in.i|ts name |
|00002530| 74 68 65 6e 20 69 74 20 | 69 73 20 6e 6f 74 20 70 |then it |is not p|
|00002540| 61 72 74 20 6f 66 20 74 | 68 65 20 73 75 70 70 6f |art of t|he suppo|
|00002550| 72 74 65 64 20 5c 4c 61 | 54 65 58 7b 7d 20 6c 61 |rted \La|TeX{} la|
|00002560| 6e 67 75 61 67 65 2d 2d | 2d 61 6e 64 0a 69 74 73 |nguage--|-and.its|
|00002570| 20 62 65 68 61 76 69 6f | 75 72 20 6d 61 79 20 63 | behavio|ur may c|
|00002580| 68 61 6e 67 65 20 69 6e | 20 66 75 74 75 72 65 20 |hange in| future |
|00002590| 72 65 6c 65 61 73 65 73 | 21 20 20 49 66 20 61 20 |releases|! If a |
|000025a0| 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 20 | 69 73 0a 6d 69 78 65 64 |command |is.mixed|
|000025b0| 2d 63 61 73 65 2c 20 6f | 72 20 69 73 20 64 65 73 |-case, o|r is des|
|000025c0| 63 72 69 62 65 64 20 69 | 6e 20 5c 65 6d 70 68 7b |cribed i|n \emph{|
|000025d0| 5c 4c 61 54 65 58 62 6f | 6f 6b 7d 2c 20 74 68 65 |\LaTeXbo|ok}, the|
|000025e0| 6e 20 79 6f 75 20 63 61 | 6e 20 72 65 6c 79 20 6f |n you ca|n rely o|
|000025f0| 6e 0a 66 75 74 75 72 65 | 20 72 65 6c 65 61 73 65 |n.future| release|
|00002600| 73 20 6f 66 20 5c 4c 61 | 54 65 58 65 7b 7d 20 73 |s of \La|TeXe{} s|
|00002610| 75 70 70 6f 72 74 69 6e | 67 20 74 68 65 20 63 6f |upportin|g the co|
|00002620| 6d 6d 61 6e 64 2e 0a 20 | 0a 5c 73 75 62 73 65 63 |mmand.. |.\subsec|
|00002630| 74 69 6f 6e 7b 42 6f 78 | 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 |tion{Box| command|
|00002640| 73 20 61 6e 64 20 63 6f | 6c 6f 75 72 7d 0a 5c 6c |s and co|lour}.\l|
|00002650| 61 62 65 6c 7b 53 65 63 | 3a 63 6f 6c 6f 75 72 7d |abel{Sec|:colour}|
|00002660| 0a 20 0a 45 76 65 6e 20 | 69 66 20 79 6f 75 20 64 |. .Even |if you d|
|00002670| 6f 20 6e 6f 74 20 69 6e | 74 65 6e 64 20 74 6f 20 |o not in|tend to |
|00002680| 75 73 65 20 63 6f 6c 6f | 75 72 20 69 6e 20 79 6f |use colo|ur in yo|
|00002690| 75 72 20 6f 77 6e 20 64 | 6f 63 75 6d 65 6e 74 73 |ur own d|ocuments|
|000026a0| 2c 20 62 79 0a 74 61 6b | 69 6e 67 20 6e 6f 74 65 |, by.tak|ing note|
|000026b0| 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 | 70 6f 69 6e 74 73 20 69 | of the |points i|
|000026c0| 6e 20 74 68 69 73 20 73 | 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 79 |n this s|ection y|
|000026d0| 6f 75 20 63 61 6e 20 65 | 6e 73 75 72 65 20 74 68 |ou can e|nsure th|
|000026e0| 61 74 20 79 6f 75 72 0a | 63 6c 61 73 73 20 6f 72 |at your.|class or|
|000026f0| 20 70 61 63 6b 61 67 65 | 20 69 73 20 63 6f 6d 70 | package| is comp|
|00002700| 61 74 69 62 6c 65 20 77 | 69 74 68 20 74 68 65 20 |atible w|ith the |
|00002710| 7c 63 6f 6c 6f 72 7c 20 | 70 61 63 6b 61 67 65 2e ||color| |package.|
|00002720| 20 54 68 69 73 20 6d 61 | 79 0a 62 65 6e 65 66 69 | This ma|y.benefi|
|00002730| 74 20 70 65 6f 70 6c 65 | 20 75 73 69 6e 67 20 79 |t people| using y|
|00002740| 6f 75 72 20 63 6c 61 73 | 73 20 6f 72 20 70 61 63 |our clas|s or pac|
|00002750| 6b 61 67 65 20 77 68 6f | 20 68 61 76 65 20 61 63 |kage who| have ac|
|00002760| 63 65 73 73 20 74 6f 20 | 63 6f 6c 6f 75 72 0a 70 |cess to |colour.p|
|00002770| 72 69 6e 74 65 72 73 2e | 0a 20 0a 54 68 65 20 73 |rinters.|. .The s|
|00002780| 69 6d 70 6c 65 73 74 20 | 77 61 79 20 74 6f 20 65 |implest |way to e|
|00002790| 6e 73 75 72 65 20 60 63 | 6f 6c 6f 75 72 20 73 61 |nsure `c|olour sa|
|000027a0| 66 65 74 79 27 20 69 73 | 20 74 6f 20 61 6c 77 61 |fety' is| to alwa|
|000027b0| 79 73 20 75 73 65 20 5c | 4c 61 54 65 58 7b 7d 0a |ys use \|LaTeX{}.|
|000027c0| 62 6f 78 20 63 6f 6d 6d | 61 6e 64 73 20 72 61 74 |box comm|ands rat|
|000027d0| 68 65 72 20 74 68 61 6e | 20 5c 54 65 58 7b 7d 20 |her than| \TeX{} |
|000027e0| 70 72 69 6d 69 74 69 76 | 65 73 2c 20 74 68 61 74 |primitiv|es, that|
|000027f0| 20 69 73 20 75 73 65 20 | 7c 5c 73 62 6f 78 7c 20 | is use ||\sbox| |
|00002800| 72 61 74 68 65 72 0a 74 | 68 61 6e 20 7c 5c 73 65 |rather.t|han |\se|
|00002810| 74 62 6f 78 7c 2c 20 7c | 5c 6d 62 6f 78 7c 20 72 |tbox|, ||\mbox| r|
|00002820| 61 74 68 65 72 20 74 68 | 61 6e 20 7c 5c 68 62 6f |ather th|an |\hbo|
|00002830| 78 7c 20 61 6e 64 20 7c | 5c 70 61 72 62 6f 78 7c |x| and ||\parbox||
|00002840| 20 6f 72 0a 7c 5c 6d 69 | 6e 69 70 61 67 65 7c 20 | or.|\mi|nipage| |
|00002850| 72 61 74 68 65 72 20 74 | 68 61 6e 20 7c 5c 76 62 |rather t|han |\vb|
|00002860| 6f 78 7c 2e 20 20 54 68 | 65 20 5c 4c 61 54 65 58 |ox|. Th|e \LaTeX|
|00002870| 7b 7d 20 62 6f 78 20 63 | 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 73 20 |{} box c|ommands |
|00002880| 68 61 76 65 20 6e 65 77 | 0a 6f 70 74 69 6f 6e 73 |have new|.options|
|00002890| 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 6d | 65 61 6e 20 74 68 61 74 | which m|ean that|
|000028a0| 20 74 68 65 79 20 61 72 | 65 20 6e 6f 77 20 61 73 | they ar|e now as|
|000028b0| 20 70 6f 77 65 72 66 75 | 6c 20 61 73 20 74 68 65 | powerfu|l as the|
|000028c0| 20 5c 54 65 58 7b 7d 0a | 70 72 69 6d 69 74 69 76 | \TeX{}.|primitiv|
|000028d0| 65 73 2e 0a 20 0a 41 73 | 20 61 6e 20 65 78 61 6d |es.. .As| an exam|
|000028e0| 70 6c 65 20 6f 66 20 77 | 68 61 74 20 63 61 6e 20 |ple of w|hat can |
|000028f0| 67 6f 20 77 72 6f 6e 67 | 2c 20 63 6f 6e 73 69 64 |go wrong|, consid|
|00002900| 65 72 20 74 68 61 74 20 | 69 6e 20 0a 7c 7b 5c 74 |er that |in .|{\t|
|00002910| 74 66 61 6d 69 6c 79 20 | 3c 74 65 78 74 3e 7d 7c |tfamily |<text>}||
|00002920| 0a 74 68 65 20 66 6f 6e | 74 20 69 73 20 72 65 73 |.the fon|t is res|
|00002930| 74 6f 72 65 64 20 6a 75 | 73 74 20 5c 65 6d 70 68 |tored ju|st \emph|
|00002940| 7b 62 65 66 6f 72 65 7d | 20 74 68 65 20 7c 7d 7c |{before}| the |}||
|00002950| 2c 20 77 68 65 72 65 61 | 73 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 |, wherea|s in the|
|00002960| 0a 73 69 6d 69 6c 61 72 | 20 6c 6f 6f 6b 69 6e 67 |.similar| looking|
|00002970| 20 63 6f 6e 73 74 72 75 | 63 74 69 6f 6e 0a 7c 7b | constru|ction.|{|
|00002980| 5c 63 6f 6c 6f 72 7b 67 | 72 65 65 6e 7d 20 3c 74 |\color{g|reen} <t|
|00002990| 65 78 74 3e 7d 7c 0a 74 | 68 65 20 63 6f 6c 6f 75 |ext>}|.t|he colou|
|000029a0| 72 20 69 73 20 72 65 73 | 74 6f 72 65 64 20 6a 75 |r is res|tored ju|
|000029b0| 73 74 20 5c 65 6d 70 68 | 7b 61 66 74 65 72 7d 20 |st \emph|{after} |
|000029c0| 74 68 65 20 66 69 6e 61 | 6c 20 7c 7d 7c 2e 20 4e |the fina|l |}|. N|
|000029d0| 6f 72 6d 61 6c 6c 79 20 | 74 68 69 73 0a 64 69 73 |ormally |this.dis|
|000029e0| 74 69 6e 63 74 69 6f 6e | 20 64 6f 65 73 20 6e 6f |tinction| does no|
|000029f0| 74 20 6d 61 74 74 65 72 | 20 61 74 20 61 6c 6c 3b |t matter| at all;|
|00002a00| 20 62 75 74 20 63 6f 6e | 73 69 64 65 72 20 61 20 | but con|sider a |
|00002a10| 70 72 69 6d 69 74 69 76 | 65 20 5c 54 65 58 7b 7d |primitiv|e \TeX{}|
|00002a20| 0a 62 6f 78 20 61 73 73 | 69 67 6e 6d 65 6e 74 20 |.box ass|ignment |
|00002a30| 73 75 63 68 20 61 73 3a | 0a 5c 62 65 67 69 6e 7b |such as:|.\begin{|
|00002a40| 76 65 72 62 61 74 69 6d | 7d 0a 20 20 20 5c 73 65 |verbatim|}. \se|
|00002a50| 74 62 6f 78 30 3d 5c 68 | 62 6f 78 7b 5c 63 6f 6c |tbox0=\h|box{\col|
|00002a60| 6f 72 7b 67 72 65 65 6e | 7d 20 3c 74 65 78 74 3e |or{green|} <text>|
|00002a70| 7d 0a 5c 65 6e 64 7b 76 | 65 72 62 61 74 69 6d 7d |}.\end{v|erbatim}|
|00002a80| 0a 4e 6f 77 20 74 68 65 | 20 63 6f 6c 6f 75 72 2d |.Now the| colour-|
|00002a90| 72 65 73 74 6f 72 65 20 | 6f 63 63 75 72 73 20 61 |restore |occurs a|
|00002aa0| 66 74 65 72 20 74 68 65 | 20 7c 7d 7c 20 61 6e 64 |fter the| |}| and|
|00002ab0| 20 73 6f 20 69 73 20 5c | 65 6d 70 68 7b 6e 6f 74 | so is \|emph{not|
|00002ac0| 7d 0a 73 74 6f 72 65 64 | 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 |}.stored| in the |
|00002ad0| 62 6f 78 2e 20 45 78 61 | 63 74 6c 79 20 77 68 61 |box. Exa|ctly wha|
|00002ae0| 74 20 62 61 64 20 65 66 | 66 65 63 74 73 20 74 68 |t bad ef|fects th|
|00002af0| 69 73 20 63 61 6e 20 68 | 61 76 65 20 64 65 70 65 |is can h|ave depe|
|00002b00| 6e 64 73 20 6f 6e 0a 68 | 6f 77 20 63 6f 6c 6f 75 |nds on.h|ow colou|
|00002b10| 72 20 69 73 20 69 6d 70 | 6c 65 6d 65 6e 74 65 64 |r is imp|lemented|
|00002b20| 3a 20 69 74 20 63 61 6e | 20 72 61 6e 67 65 20 66 |: it can| range f|
|00002b30| 72 6f 6d 20 67 65 74 74 | 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 |rom gett|ing the |
|00002b40| 77 72 6f 6e 67 0a 63 6f | 6c 6f 75 72 73 20 69 6e |wrong.co|lours in|
|00002b50| 20 74 68 65 20 72 65 73 | 74 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 | the res|t of the|
|00002b60| 20 64 6f 63 75 6d 65 6e | 74 2c 20 74 6f 20 63 61 | documen|t, to ca|
|00002b70| 75 73 69 6e 67 20 65 72 | 72 6f 72 73 20 69 6e 20 |using er|rors in |
|00002b80| 74 68 65 0a 64 76 69 2d | 64 72 69 76 65 72 20 75 |the.dvi-|driver u|
|00002b90| 73 65 64 20 74 6f 20 70 | 72 69 6e 74 20 74 68 65 |sed to p|rint the|
|00002ba0| 20 64 6f 63 75 6d 65 6e | 74 2e 0a 20 0a 41 6c 73 | documen|t.. .Als|
|00002bb0| 6f 20 6f 66 20 69 6e 74 | 65 72 65 73 74 20 69 73 |o of int|erest is|
|00002bc0| 20 74 68 65 20 63 6f 6d | 6d 61 6e 64 20 7c 5c 6e | the com|mand |\n|
|00002bd0| 6f 72 6d 61 6c 63 6f 6c | 6f 72 7c 2e 20 20 20 54 |ormalcol|or|. T|
|00002be0| 68 69 73 20 69 73 20 0a | 6e 6f 72 6d 61 6c 6c 79 |his is .|normally|
|00002bf0| 20 6a 75 73 74 20 7c 5c | 72 65 6c 61 78 7c 20 28 | just |\|relax| (|
|00002c00| 69 2e 65 2e 2c 20 64 6f | 65 73 20 6e 6f 74 68 69 |i.e., do|es nothi|
|00002c10| 6e 67 29 0a 62 75 74 20 | 79 6f 75 20 63 61 6e 20 |ng).but |you can |
|00002c20| 75 73 65 20 69 74 20 72 | 61 74 68 65 72 20 6c 69 |use it r|ather li|
|00002c30| 6b 65 20 7c 5c 6e 6f 72 | 6d 61 6c 66 6f 6e 74 7c |ke |\nor|malfont||
|00002c40| 20 74 6f 20 0a 73 65 74 | 20 72 65 67 69 6f 6e 73 | to .set| regions|
|00002c50| 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 | 70 61 67 65 20 73 75 63 | of the |page suc|
|00002c60| 68 20 61 73 20 63 61 70 | 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 6f 72 |h as cap|tions or|
|00002c70| 20 73 65 63 74 69 6f 6e | 20 68 65 61 64 69 6e 67 | section| heading|
|00002c80| 73 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 | 20 0a 60 6d 61 69 6e 20 |s to the| .`main |
|00002c90| 64 6f 63 75 6d 65 6e 74 | 20 63 6f 6c 6f 75 72 27 |document| colour'|
|00002ca0| 2e 0a 0a 0a 5c 73 75 62 | 73 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 7b |....\sub|section{|
|00002cb0| 44 65 66 69 6e 69 6e 67 | 20 74 65 78 74 20 61 6e |Defining| text an|
|00002cc0| 64 20 6d 61 74 68 20 63 | 68 61 72 61 63 74 65 72 |d math c|haracter|
|00002cd0| 73 7d 0a 5c 6c 61 62 65 | 6c 7b 53 65 63 3a 63 68 |s}.\labe|l{Sec:ch|
|00002ce0| 61 72 73 7d 0a 0a 42 65 | 63 61 75 73 65 20 5c 4c |ars}..Be|cause \L|
|00002cf0| 61 54 65 58 65 7b 7d 20 | 73 75 70 70 6f 72 74 73 |aTeXe{} |supports|
|00002d00| 20 64 69 66 66 65 72 65 | 6e 74 20 65 6e 63 6f 64 | differe|nt encod|
|00002d10| 69 6e 67 73 2c 20 64 65 | 66 69 6e 69 74 69 6f 6e |ings, de|finition|
|00002d20| 73 20 6f 66 20 63 6f 6d | 6d 61 6e 64 73 0a 66 6f |s of com|mands.fo|
|00002d30| 72 20 70 72 6f 64 75 63 | 69 6e 67 20 73 79 6d 62 |r produc|ing symb|
|00002d40| 6f 6c 73 2c 20 61 63 63 | 65 6e 74 73 2c 20 63 6f |ols, acc|ents, co|
|00002d50| 6d 70 6f 73 69 74 65 20 | 67 6c 79 70 68 73 2c 20 |mposite |glyphs, |
|00002d60| 65 74 63 2e 5c 20 6d 75 | 73 74 20 62 65 0a 64 65 |etc.\ mu|st be.de|
|00002d70| 66 69 6e 65 64 20 75 73 | 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 |fined us|ing the |
|00002d80| 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 73 | 20 70 72 6f 76 69 64 65 |commands| provide|
|00002d90| 64 20 66 6f 72 20 74 68 | 69 73 20 70 75 72 70 6f |d for th|is purpo|
|00002da0| 73 65 20 61 6e 64 20 64 | 65 73 63 72 69 62 65 64 |se and d|escribed|
|00002db0| 20 69 6e 0a 5c 65 6d 70 | 68 7b 5c 66 6e 74 67 75 | in.\emp|h{\fntgu|
|00002dc0| 69 64 65 7d 2e 20 20 54 | 68 69 73 20 70 61 72 74 |ide}. T|his part|
|00002dd0| 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 | 73 79 73 74 65 6d 20 69 | of the |system i|
|00002de0| 73 20 73 74 69 6c 6c 20 | 75 6e 64 65 72 20 64 65 |s still |under de|
|00002df0| 76 65 6c 6f 70 6d 65 6e | 74 0a 73 6f 20 73 75 63 |velopmen|t.so suc|
|00002e00| 68 20 74 61 73 6b 73 20 | 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 62 |h tasks |should b|
|00002e10| 65 20 75 6e 64 65 72 74 | 61 6b 65 6e 20 77 69 74 |e undert|aken wit|
|00002e20| 68 20 67 72 65 61 74 20 | 63 61 75 74 69 6f 6e 2e |h great |caution.|
|00002e30| 0a 0a 41 6c 73 6f 2c 20 | 7c 5c 44 65 63 6c 61 72 |..Also, ||\Declar|
|00002e40| 65 52 6f 62 75 73 74 43 | 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 7c 20 |eRobustC|ommand| |
|00002e50| 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 62 | 65 20 75 73 65 64 20 66 |should b|e used f|
|00002e60| 6f 72 20 65 6e 63 6f 64 | 69 6e 67 2d 69 6e 64 65 |or encod|ing-inde|
|00002e70| 70 65 6e 64 65 6e 74 0a | 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 73 |pendent.|commands|
|00002e80| 20 6f 66 20 74 68 69 73 | 20 74 79 70 65 2e 0a 0a | of this| type...|
|00002e90| 4e 6f 74 65 20 74 68 61 | 74 20 69 74 20 69 73 20 |Note tha|t it is |
|00002ea0| 6e 6f 20 6c 6f 6e 67 65 | 72 20 70 6f 73 73 69 62 |no longe|r possib|
|00002eb0| 6c 65 20 74 6f 20 72 65 | 66 65 72 20 74 6f 20 74 |le to re|fer to t|
|00002ec0| 68 65 20 6d 61 74 68 20 | 66 6f 6e 74 20 73 65 74 |he math |font set|
|00002ed0| 2d 75 70 0a 6f 75 74 73 | 69 64 65 20 6d 61 74 68 |-up.outs|ide math|
|00002ee0| 20 6d 6f 64 65 3a 20 66 | 6f 72 20 65 78 61 6d 70 | mode: f|or examp|
|00002ef0| 6c 65 2c 20 6e 65 69 74 | 68 65 72 20 7c 5c 74 65 |le, neit|her |\te|
|00002f00| 78 74 66 6f 6e 74 20 31 | 7c 20 6e 6f 72 0a 7c 5c |xtfont 1|| nor.|\|
|00002f10| 73 63 72 69 70 74 66 6f | 6e 74 20 32 7c 20 61 72 |scriptfo|nt 2| ar|
|00002f20| 65 20 67 75 61 72 61 6e | 74 65 65 64 20 74 6f 20 |e guaran|teed to |
|00002f30| 62 65 20 64 65 66 69 6e | 65 64 20 69 6e 20 6f 74 |be defin|ed in ot|
|00002f40| 68 65 72 20 6d 6f 64 65 | 73 2e 0a 0a 0a 5c 73 75 |her mode|s....\su|
|00002f50| 62 73 65 63 74 69 6f 6e | 7b 47 65 6e 65 72 61 6c |bsection|{General|
|00002f60| 20 73 74 79 6c 65 7d 0a | 5c 6c 61 62 65 6c 7b 53 | style}.|\label{S|
|00002f70| 65 63 3a 67 65 6e 65 72 | 61 6c 7d 0a 0a 54 68 65 |ec:gener|al}..The|
|00002f80| 20 6e 65 77 20 73 79 73 | 74 65 6d 20 70 72 6f 76 | new sys|tem prov|
|00002f90| 69 64 65 73 20 6d 61 6e | 79 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e |ides man|y comman|
|00002fa0| 64 73 20 64 65 73 69 67 | 6e 65 64 20 74 6f 20 68 |ds desig|ned to h|
|00002fb0| 65 6c 70 20 79 6f 75 20 | 70 72 6f 64 75 63 65 0a |elp you |produce.|
|00002fc0| 77 65 6c 6c 2d 73 74 72 | 75 63 74 75 72 65 64 20 |well-str|uctured |
|00002fd0| 63 6c 61 73 73 20 61 6e | 64 20 70 61 63 6b 61 67 |class an|d packag|
|00002fe0| 65 20 66 69 6c 65 73 20 | 74 68 61 74 20 61 72 65 |e files |that are|
|00002ff0| 20 62 6f 74 68 20 72 6f | 62 75 73 74 20 61 6e 64 | both ro|bust and|
|00003000| 0a 70 6f 72 74 61 62 6c | 65 2e 20 20 54 68 69 73 |.portabl|e. This|
|00003010| 20 73 65 63 74 69 6f 6e | 20 6f 75 74 6c 69 6e 65 | section| outline|
|00003020| 73 20 73 6f 6d 65 20 77 | 61 79 73 20 74 6f 20 6d |s some w|ays to m|
|00003030| 61 6b 65 20 69 6e 74 65 | 6c 6c 69 67 65 6e 74 20 |ake inte|lligent |
|00003040| 75 73 65 20 6f 66 0a 74 | 68 65 73 65 2e 20 0a 0a |use of.t|hese. ..|
|00003050| 5c 73 75 62 73 75 62 73 | 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 7b 4c |\subsubs|ection{L|
|00003060| 6f 61 64 69 6e 67 20 6f | 74 68 65 72 20 66 69 6c |oading o|ther fil|
|00003070| 65 73 7d 0a 5c 6c 61 62 | 65 6c 7b 53 65 63 3a 6c |es}.\lab|el{Sec:l|
|00003080| 6f 61 64 69 6e 67 7d 0a | 20 0a 5c 4c 61 54 65 58 |oading}.| .\LaTeX|
|00003090| 7b 7d 20 70 72 6f 76 69 | 64 65 73 20 74 68 65 20 |{} provi|des the |
|000030a0| 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 73 | 20 7c 5c 4c 6f 61 64 43 |commands| |\LoadC|
|000030b0| 6c 61 73 73 7c 20 61 6e | 64 20 7c 5c 52 65 71 75 |lass| an|d |\Requ|
|000030c0| 69 72 65 50 61 63 6b 61 | 67 65 7c 20 66 6f 72 0a |irePacka|ge| for.|
|000030d0| 75 73 69 6e 67 20 63 6c | 61 73 73 65 73 20 6f 72 |using cl|asses or|
|000030e0| 20 70 61 63 6b 61 67 65 | 73 20 69 6e 73 69 64 65 | package|s inside|
|000030f0| 20 6f 74 68 65 72 20 63 | 6c 61 73 73 65 73 20 6f | other c|lasses o|
|00003100| 72 20 70 61 63 6b 61 67 | 65 73 2e 20 20 57 65 0a |r packag|es. We.|
|00003110| 72 65 63 6f 6d 6d 65 6e | 64 20 73 74 72 6f 6e 67 |recommen|d strong|
|00003120| 6c 79 20 74 68 61 74 20 | 79 6f 75 20 75 73 65 20 |ly that |you use |
|00003130| 74 68 65 6d 2c 20 72 61 | 74 68 65 72 20 74 68 61 |them, ra|ther tha|
|00003140| 6e 20 74 68 65 20 70 72 | 69 6d 69 74 69 76 65 0a |n the pr|imitive.|
|00003150| 7c 5c 69 6e 70 75 74 7c | 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 ||\input|| command|
|00003160| 2c 20 66 6f 72 20 61 20 | 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 20 6f |, for a |number o|
|00003170| 66 20 72 65 61 73 6f 6e | 73 2e 0a 20 0a 46 69 6c |f reason|s.. .Fil|
|00003180| 65 73 20 6c 6f 61 64 65 | 64 20 77 69 74 68 20 7c |es loade|d with ||
|00003190| 5c 69 6e 70 75 74 20 3c | 66 69 6c 65 6e 61 6d 65 |\input <|filename|
|000031a0| 3e 7c 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 | 6e 6f 74 20 62 65 20 6c |>| will |not be l|
|000031b0| 69 73 74 65 64 20 69 6e | 20 74 68 65 0a 7c 5c 6c |isted in| the.|\l|
|000031c0| 69 73 74 66 69 6c 65 73 | 7c 20 6c 69 73 74 2e 0a |istfiles|| list..|
|000031d0| 20 0a 49 66 20 61 20 70 | 61 63 6b 61 67 65 20 69 | .If a p|ackage i|
|000031e0| 73 20 61 6c 77 61 79 73 | 20 6c 6f 61 64 65 64 20 |s always| loaded |
|000031f0| 77 69 74 68 20 7c 5c 52 | 65 71 75 69 72 65 50 61 |with |\R|equirePa|
|00003200| 63 6b 61 67 65 7c 20 6f | 72 20 7c 5c 75 73 65 70 |ckage| o|r |\usep|
|00003210| 61 63 6b 61 67 65 7c 0a | 74 68 65 6e 2c 20 65 76 |ackage|.|then, ev|
|00003220| 65 6e 20 69 66 20 69 74 | 73 20 6c 6f 61 64 69 6e |en if it|s loadin|
|00003230| 67 20 69 73 20 72 65 71 | 75 65 73 74 65 64 20 73 |g is req|uested s|
|00003240| 65 76 65 72 61 6c 20 74 | 69 6d 65 73 2c 20 69 74 |everal t|imes, it|
|00003250| 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 62 65 | 0a 6c 6f 61 64 65 64 20 | will be|.loaded |
|00003260| 6f 6e 6c 79 20 6f 6e 63 | 65 2e 20 20 42 79 20 63 |only onc|e. By c|
|00003270| 6f 6e 74 72 61 73 74 2c | 20 69 66 20 69 74 20 69 |ontrast,| if it i|
|00003280| 73 20 6c 6f 61 64 65 64 | 20 77 69 74 68 20 7c 5c |s loaded| with |\|
|00003290| 69 6e 70 75 74 7c 20 74 | 68 65 6e 20 69 74 0a 63 |input| t|hen it.c|
|000032a0| 61 6e 20 62 65 20 6c 6f | 61 64 65 64 20 6d 6f 72 |an be lo|aded mor|
|000032b0| 65 20 74 68 61 6e 20 6f | 6e 63 65 3b 20 73 75 63 |e than o|nce; suc|
|000032c0| 68 20 61 6e 20 65 78 74 | 72 61 20 6c 6f 61 64 69 |h an ext|ra loadi|
|000032d0| 6e 67 20 6d 61 79 20 77 | 61 73 74 65 20 74 69 6d |ng may w|aste tim|
|000032e0| 65 20 61 6e 64 0a 6d 65 | 6d 6f 72 79 20 61 6e 64 |e and.me|mory and|
|000032f0| 20 69 74 20 6d 61 79 20 | 70 72 6f 64 75 63 65 20 | it may |produce |
|00003300| 73 74 72 61 6e 67 65 20 | 72 65 73 75 6c 74 73 2e |strange |results.|
|00003310| 0a 20 0a 49 66 20 61 20 | 70 61 63 6b 61 67 65 20 |. .If a |package |
|00003320| 70 72 6f 76 69 64 65 73 | 20 6f 70 74 69 6f 6e 2d |provides| option-|
|00003330| 70 72 6f 63 65 73 73 69 | 6e 67 20 74 68 65 6e 2c |processi|ng then,|
|00003340| 20 61 67 61 69 6e 2c 20 | 73 74 72 61 6e 67 65 20 | again, |strange |
|00003350| 72 65 73 75 6c 74 73 0a | 61 72 65 20 70 6f 73 73 |results.|are poss|
|00003360| 69 62 6c 65 20 69 66 20 | 74 68 65 20 70 61 63 6b |ible if |the pack|
|00003370| 61 67 65 20 69 73 20 7c | 5c 69 6e 70 75 74 7c 20 |age is ||\input| |
|00003380| 72 61 74 68 65 72 20 74 | 68 61 6e 20 6c 6f 61 64 |rather t|han load|
|00003390| 65 64 20 62 79 20 6d 65 | 61 6e 73 20 6f 66 0a 7c |ed by me|ans of.||
|000033a0| 5c 75 73 65 70 61 63 6b | 61 67 65 7c 20 6f 72 20 |\usepack|age| or |
|000033b0| 7c 5c 52 65 71 75 69 72 | 65 50 61 63 6b 61 67 65 ||\Requir|ePackage|
|000033c0| 7c 2e 0a 20 0a 49 66 20 | 74 68 65 20 70 61 63 6b ||.. .If |the pack|
|000033d0| 61 67 65 20 7c 66 6f 6f | 2e 73 74 79 7c 20 6c 6f |age |foo|.sty| lo|
|000033e0| 61 64 73 20 74 68 65 20 | 70 61 63 6b 61 67 65 20 |ads the |package |
|000033f0| 7c 62 61 7a 2e 73 74 79 | 7c 20 62 79 20 75 73 65 ||baz.sty|| by use|
|00003400| 20 6f 66 0a 7c 5c 69 6e | 70 75 74 20 62 61 7a 2e | of.|\in|put baz.|
|00003410| 73 74 79 7c 20 74 68 65 | 6e 20 74 68 65 20 75 73 |sty| the|n the us|
|00003420| 65 72 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 | 67 65 74 20 61 20 77 61 |er will |get a wa|
|00003430| 72 6e 69 6e 67 3a 0a 5c | 62 65 67 69 6e 7b 76 65 |rning:.\|begin{ve|
|00003440| 72 62 61 74 69 6d 7d 0a | 20 20 20 4c 61 54 65 58 |rbatim}.| LaTeX|
|00003450| 20 57 61 72 6e 69 6e 67 | 3a 20 59 6f 75 20 68 61 | Warning|: You ha|
|00003460| 76 65 20 72 65 71 75 65 | 73 74 65 64 20 70 61 63 |ve reque|sted pac|
|00003470| 6b 61 67 65 20 60 66 6f | 6f 27 2c 0a 20 20 20 20 |kage `fo|o',. |
|00003480| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 62 75 | | bu|
|00003490| 74 20 74 68 65 20 70 61 | 63 6b 61 67 65 20 70 72 |t the pa|ckage pr|
|000034a0| 6f 76 69 64 65 73 20 60 | 62 61 7a 27 2e 0a 5c 65 |ovides `|baz'..\e|
|000034b0| 6e 64 7b 76 65 72 62 61 | 74 69 6d 7d 0a 54 68 75 |nd{verba|tim}.Thu|
|000034c0| 73 2c 20 66 6f 72 20 73 | 65 76 65 72 61 6c 20 72 |s, for s|everal r|
|000034d0| 65 61 73 6f 6e 73 2c 20 | 75 73 69 6e 67 20 7c 5c |easons, |using |\|
|000034e0| 69 6e 70 75 74 7c 20 74 | 6f 20 6c 6f 61 64 20 70 |input| t|o load p|
|000034f0| 61 63 6b 61 67 65 73 20 | 69 73 20 6e 6f 74 20 61 |ackages |is not a|
|00003500| 0a 67 6f 6f 64 20 69 64 | 65 61 2e 0a 20 0a 55 6e |.good id|ea.. .Un|
|00003510| 66 6f 72 74 75 6e 61 74 | 65 6c 79 2c 20 69 66 20 |fortunat|ely, if |
|00003520| 79 6f 75 20 61 72 65 20 | 75 70 67 72 61 64 69 6e |you are |upgradin|
|00003530| 67 20 74 68 65 20 66 69 | 6c 65 20 7c 6d 79 63 6c |g the fi|le |mycl|
|00003540| 61 73 73 2e 73 74 79 7c | 20 74 6f 20 61 20 63 6c |ass.sty|| to a cl|
|00003550| 61 73 73 0a 66 69 6c 65 | 20 74 68 65 6e 20 79 6f |ass.file| then yo|
|00003560| 75 20 68 61 76 65 20 74 | 6f 20 6d 61 6b 65 20 73 |u have t|o make s|
|00003570| 75 72 65 20 74 68 61 74 | 20 61 6e 79 20 6f 6c 64 |ure that| any old|
|00003580| 20 66 69 6c 65 73 20 77 | 68 69 63 68 20 63 6f 6e | files w|hich con|
|00003590| 74 61 69 6e 0a 7c 5c 69 | 6e 70 75 74 20 6d 79 63 |tain.|\i|nput myc|
|000035a0| 6c 61 73 73 2e 73 74 79 | 7c 20 73 74 69 6c 6c 20 |lass.sty|| still |
|000035b0| 77 6f 72 6b 2e 0a 0a 54 | 68 69 73 20 69 73 20 61 |work...T|his is a|
|000035c0| 6c 73 6f 20 74 72 75 65 | 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 |lso true| of the |
|000035d0| 73 74 61 6e 64 61 72 64 | 20 63 6c 61 73 73 65 73 |standard| classes|
|000035e0| 20 28 7c 61 72 74 69 63 | 6c 65 7c 2c 20 7c 62 6f | (|artic|le|, |bo|
|000035f0| 6f 6b 7c 20 61 6e 64 0a | 7c 72 65 70 6f 72 74 7c |ok| and.||report||
|00003600| 29 2c 20 73 69 6e 63 65 | 20 61 20 6c 6f 74 20 6f |), since| a lot o|
|00003610| 66 20 65 78 69 73 74 69 | 6e 67 20 5c 4c 61 54 65 |f existi|ng \LaTe|
|00003620| 58 7e 32 2e 30 39 20 64 | 6f 63 75 6d 65 6e 74 20 |X~2.09 d|ocument |
|00003630| 73 74 79 6c 65 73 20 63 | 6f 6e 74 61 69 6e 0a 7c |styles c|ontain.||
|00003640| 5c 69 6e 70 75 74 20 61 | 72 74 69 63 6c 65 2e 73 |\input a|rticle.s|
|00003650| 74 79 7c 2e 20 20 54 68 | 65 20 61 70 70 72 6f 61 |ty|. Th|e approa|
|00003660| 63 68 20 77 68 69 63 68 | 20 77 65 20 74 6f 6f 6b |ch which| we took|
|00003670| 20 77 61 73 20 74 6f 20 | 70 72 6f 76 69 64 65 0a | was to |provide.|
|00003680| 6d 69 6e 69 6d 61 6c 20 | 66 69 6c 65 73 20 7c 61 |minimal |files |a|
|00003690| 72 74 69 63 6c 65 2e 73 | 74 79 7c 2c 20 7c 62 6f |rticle.s|ty|, |bo|
|000036a0| 6f 6b 2e 73 74 79 7c 20 | 61 6e 64 20 7c 72 65 70 |ok.sty| |and |rep|
|000036b0| 6f 72 74 2e 73 74 79 7c | 2c 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 |ort.sty||, which |
|000036c0| 6c 6f 61 64 0a 74 68 65 | 20 61 70 70 72 6f 70 72 |load.the| appropr|
|000036d0| 69 61 74 65 20 63 6c 61 | 73 73 20 66 69 6c 65 73 |iate cla|ss files|
|000036e0| 2e 0a 0a 46 6f 72 20 65 | 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 2c 20 |...For e|xample, |
|000036f0| 7c 61 72 74 69 63 6c 65 | 2e 73 74 79 7c 20 63 6f ||article|.sty| co|
|00003700| 6e 74 61 69 6e 73 20 6a | 75 73 74 20 74 68 65 20 |ntains j|ust the |
|00003710| 66 6f 6c 6c 6f 77 69 6e | 67 20 6c 69 6e 65 73 3a |followin|g lines:|
|00003720| 0a 5c 62 65 67 69 6e 7b | 76 65 72 62 61 74 69 6d |.\begin{|verbatim|
|00003730| 7d 0a 20 20 20 5c 4e 65 | 65 64 73 54 65 58 46 6f |}. \Ne|edsTeXFo|
|00003740| 72 6d 61 74 7b 4c 61 54 | 65 58 32 65 7d 0a 20 20 |rmat{LaT|eX2e}. |
|00003750| 20 5c 40 6f 62 73 6f 6c | 65 74 65 66 69 6c 65 7b | \@obsol|etefile{|
|00003760| 61 72 74 69 63 6c 65 2e | 73 74 79 7d 7b 61 72 74 |article.|sty}{art|
|00003770| 69 63 6c 65 2e 63 6c 73 | 7d 0a 20 20 20 5c 4c 6f |icle.cls|}. \Lo|
|00003780| 61 64 43 6c 61 73 73 7b | 61 72 74 69 63 6c 65 7d |adClass{|article}|
|00003790| 0a 5c 65 6e 64 7b 76 65 | 72 62 61 74 69 6d 7d 0a |.\end{ve|rbatim}.|
|000037a0| 59 6f 75 20 6d 61 79 20 | 77 69 73 68 20 74 6f 20 |You may |wish to |
|000037b0| 64 6f 20 74 68 65 20 73 | 61 6d 65 20 6f 72 2c 20 |do the s|ame or, |
|000037c0| 69 66 20 79 6f 75 20 74 | 68 69 6e 6b 20 74 68 61 |if you t|hink tha|
|000037d0| 74 20 69 74 20 69 73 20 | 73 61 66 65 20 74 6f 20 |t it is |safe to |
|000037e0| 64 6f 20 73 6f 2c 0a 79 | 6f 75 20 6d 61 79 20 64 |do so,.y|ou may d|
|000037f0| 65 63 69 64 65 20 74 6f | 20 6a 75 73 74 20 72 65 |ecide to| just re|
|00003800| 6d 6f 76 65 20 7c 6d 79 | 63 6c 61 73 73 2e 73 74 |move |my|class.st|
|00003810| 79 7c 2e 0a 20 0a 5c 73 | 75 62 73 75 62 73 65 63 |y|.. .\s|ubsubsec|
|00003820| 74 69 6f 6e 7b 4d 61 6b | 65 20 69 74 20 72 6f 62 |tion{Mak|e it rob|
|00003830| 75 73 74 7d 0a 0a 57 65 | 20 63 6f 6e 73 69 64 65 |ust}..We| conside|
|00003840| 72 20 69 74 20 67 6f 6f | 64 20 70 72 61 63 74 69 |r it goo|d practi|
|00003850| 63 65 2c 20 77 68 65 6e | 20 77 72 69 74 69 6e 67 |ce, when| writing|
|00003860| 20 70 61 63 6b 61 67 65 | 73 20 61 6e 64 20 63 6c | package|s and cl|
|00003870| 61 73 73 65 73 2c 20 74 | 6f 20 75 73 65 0a 5c 4c |asses, t|o use.\L|
|00003880| 61 54 65 58 7b 7d 20 63 | 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 73 20 |aTeX{} c|ommands |
|00003890| 61 73 20 6d 75 63 68 20 | 61 73 20 70 6f 73 73 69 |as much |as possi|
|000038a0| 62 6c 65 2e 0a 0a 54 68 | 75 73 2c 20 69 6e 73 74 |ble...Th|us, inst|
|000038b0| 65 61 64 20 6f 66 20 75 | 73 69 6e 67 20 7c 5c 64 |ead of u|sing |\d|
|000038c0| 65 66 2e 2e 2e 7c 20 77 | 65 20 72 65 63 6f 6d 6d |ef...| w|e recomm|
|000038d0| 65 6e 64 20 75 73 69 6e | 67 20 6f 6e 65 20 6f 66 |end usin|g one of|
|000038e0| 0a 7c 5c 6e 65 77 63 6f | 6d 6d 61 6e 64 7c 2c 20 |.|\newco|mmand|, |
|000038f0| 7c 5c 72 65 6e 65 77 63 | 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 7c 20 ||\renewc|ommand| |
|00003900| 6f 72 20 7c 5c 70 72 6f | 76 69 64 65 63 6f 6d 6d |or |\pro|videcomm|
|00003910| 61 6e 64 7c 3b 20 7c 5c | 43 68 65 63 6b 43 6f 6d |and|; |\|CheckCom|
|00003920| 6d 61 6e 64 7c 20 69 73 | 0a 61 6c 73 6f 20 75 73 |mand| is|.also us|
|00003930| 65 66 75 6c 2e 20 44 6f | 69 6e 67 20 74 68 69 73 |eful. Do|ing this|
|00003940| 20 6d 61 6b 65 73 0a 69 | 74 20 6c 65 73 73 20 6c | makes.i|t less l|
|00003950| 69 6b 65 6c 79 20 74 68 | 61 74 20 79 6f 75 20 77 |ikely th|at you w|
|00003960| 69 6c 6c 20 69 6e 61 64 | 76 65 72 74 65 6e 74 6c |ill inad|vertentl|
|00003970| 79 20 72 65 64 65 66 69 | 6e 65 20 61 20 63 6f 6d |y redefi|ne a com|
|00003980| 6d 61 6e 64 2c 20 67 69 | 76 69 6e 67 0a 75 6e 65 |mand, gi|ving.une|
|00003990| 78 70 65 63 74 65 64 20 | 72 65 73 75 6c 74 73 2e |xpected |results.|
|000039a0| 0a 20 0a 57 68 65 6e 20 | 79 6f 75 20 64 65 66 69 |. .When |you defi|
|000039b0| 6e 65 20 61 6e 20 65 6e | 76 69 72 6f 6e 6d 65 6e |ne an en|vironmen|
|000039c0| 74 2c 20 75 73 65 20 7c | 5c 6e 65 77 65 6e 76 69 |t, use ||\newenvi|
|000039d0| 72 6f 6e 6d 65 6e 74 7c | 20 6f 72 0a 7c 5c 72 65 |ronment|| or.|\re|
|000039e0| 6e 65 77 65 6e 76 69 72 | 6f 6e 6d 65 6e 74 7c 20 |newenvir|onment| |
|000039f0| 69 6e 73 74 65 61 64 20 | 7c 5c 64 65 66 5c 66 6f |instead ||\def\fo|
|00003a00| 6f 7b 2e 2e 2e 7d 7c 20 | 61 6e 64 20 7c 5c 64 65 |o{...}| |and |\de|
|00003a10| 66 5c 65 6e 64 66 6f 6f | 7b 2e 2e 2e 7d 7c 2e 0a |f\endfoo|{...}|..|
|00003a20| 20 0a 49 66 20 79 6f 75 | 20 6e 65 65 64 20 74 6f | .If you| need to|
|00003a30| 20 73 65 74 20 6f 72 20 | 63 68 61 6e 67 65 20 74 | set or |change t|
|00003a40| 68 65 20 76 61 6c 75 65 | 20 6f 66 20 61 20 5c 6d |he value| of a \m|
|00003a50| 7b 64 69 6d 65 6e 7d 20 | 6f 72 20 5c 6d 7b 73 6b |{dimen} |or \m{sk|
|00003a60| 69 70 7d 0a 72 65 67 69 | 73 74 65 72 2c 20 75 73 |ip}.regi|ster, us|
|00003a70| 65 20 7c 5c 73 65 74 6c | 65 6e 67 74 68 7c 2e 0a |e |\setl|ength|..|
|00003a80| 20 0a 54 6f 20 6d 61 6e | 69 70 75 6c 61 74 65 20 | .To man|ipulate |
|00003a90| 62 6f 78 65 73 2c 20 75 | 73 65 20 5c 4c 61 54 65 |boxes, u|se \LaTe|
|00003aa0| 58 7b 7d 20 63 6f 6d 6d | 61 6e 64 73 20 73 75 63 |X{} comm|ands suc|
|00003ab0| 68 20 61 73 20 7c 5c 73 | 62 6f 78 7c 2c 0a 7c 5c |h as |\s|box|,.|\|
|00003ac0| 6d 62 6f 78 7c 20 61 6e | 64 20 7c 5c 70 61 72 62 |mbox| an|d |\parb|
|00003ad0| 6f 78 7c 20 72 61 74 68 | 65 72 20 74 68 61 6e 20 |ox| rath|er than |
|00003ae0| 7c 5c 73 65 74 62 6f 78 | 7c 2c 20 7c 5c 68 62 6f ||\setbox||, |\hbo|
|00003af0| 78 7c 20 61 6e 64 20 7c | 5c 76 62 6f 78 7c 2e 0a |x| and ||\vbox|..|
|00003b00| 20 0a 55 73 65 20 7c 5c | 50 61 63 6b 61 67 65 45 | .Use |\|PackageE|
|00003b10| 72 72 6f 72 7c 2c 20 7c | 5c 50 61 63 6b 61 67 65 |rror|, ||\Package|
|00003b20| 57 61 72 6e 69 6e 67 7c | 20 6f 72 20 7c 5c 50 61 |Warning|| or |\Pa|
|00003b30| 63 6b 61 67 65 49 6e 66 | 6f 7c 20 28 6f 72 20 74 |ckageInf|o| (or t|
|00003b40| 68 65 0a 65 71 75 69 76 | 61 6c 65 6e 74 20 63 6c |he.equiv|alent cl|
|00003b50| 61 73 73 20 63 6f 6d 6d | 61 6e 64 73 29 20 72 61 |ass comm|ands) ra|
|00003b60| 74 68 65 72 20 74 68 61 | 6e 20 7c 5c 40 6c 61 74 |ther tha|n |\@lat|
|00003b70| 65 78 65 72 72 7c 2c 20 | 7c 5c 40 77 61 72 6e 69 |exerr|, ||\@warni|
|00003b80| 6e 67 7c 20 6f 72 0a 7c | 5c 77 6c 6f 67 7c 2e 0a |ng| or.||\wlog|..|
|00003b90| 20 0a 49 74 20 69 73 20 | 73 74 69 6c 6c 20 70 6f | .It is |still po|
|00003ba0| 73 73 69 62 6c 65 20 74 | 6f 20 64 65 63 6c 61 72 |ssible t|o declar|
|00003bb0| 65 20 6f 70 74 69 6f 6e | 73 20 62 79 20 64 65 66 |e option|s by def|
|00003bc0| 69 6e 69 6e 67 20 7c 5c | 64 73 40 3c 6f 70 74 69 |ining |\|ds@<opti|
|00003bd0| 6f 6e 3e 7c 20 61 6e 64 | 0a 63 61 6c 6c 69 6e 67 |on>| and|.calling|
|00003be0| 20 7c 5c 40 6f 70 74 69 | 6f 6e 73 7c 3b 20 62 75 | |\@opti|ons|; bu|
|00003bf0| 74 20 77 65 20 72 65 63 | 6f 6d 6d 65 6e 64 20 74 |t we rec|ommend t|
|00003c00| 68 65 20 7c 5c 44 65 63 | 6c 61 72 65 4f 70 74 69 |he |\Dec|lareOpti|
|00003c10| 6f 6e 7c 20 61 6e 64 0a | 7c 5c 50 72 6f 63 65 73 |on| and.||\Proces|
|00003c20| 73 4f 70 74 69 6f 6e 73 | 7c 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e |sOptions|| comman|
|00003c30| 64 73 20 69 6e 73 74 65 | 61 64 2e 20 20 54 68 65 |ds inste|ad. The|
|00003c40| 73 65 20 61 72 65 20 6d | 6f 72 65 20 70 6f 77 65 |se are m|ore powe|
|00003c50| 72 66 75 6c 20 61 6e 64 | 20 75 73 65 0a 6c 65 73 |rful and| use.les|
|00003c60| 73 20 6d 65 6d 6f 72 79 | 2e 20 20 53 6f 20 72 61 |s memory|. So ra|
|00003c70| 74 68 65 72 20 74 68 61 | 6e 20 75 73 69 6e 67 3a |ther tha|n using:|
|00003c80| 0a 5c 62 65 67 69 6e 7b | 76 65 72 62 61 74 69 6d |.\begin{|verbatim|
|00003c90| 7d 0a 20 20 20 5c 64 65 | 66 5c 64 73 40 64 72 61 |}. \de|f\ds@dra|
|00003ca0| 66 74 7b 5c 6f 76 65 72 | 66 75 6c 6c 72 75 6c 65 |ft{\over|fullrule|
|00003cb0| 20 35 70 74 7d 0a 20 20 | 20 5c 40 6f 70 74 69 6f | 5pt}. | \@optio|
|00003cc0| 6e 73 0a 5c 65 6e 64 7b | 76 65 72 62 61 74 69 6d |ns.\end{|verbatim|
|00003cd0| 7d 0a 79 6f 75 20 73 68 | 6f 75 6c 64 20 75 73 65 |}.you sh|ould use|
|00003ce0| 3a 0a 5c 62 65 67 69 6e | 7b 76 65 72 62 61 74 69 |:.\begin|{verbati|
|00003cf0| 6d 7d 0a 20 20 20 5c 44 | 65 63 6c 61 72 65 4f 70 |m}. \D|eclareOp|
|00003d00| 74 69 6f 6e 7b 64 72 61 | 66 74 7d 7b 5c 73 65 74 |tion{dra|ft}{\set|
|00003d10| 6c 65 6e 67 74 68 7b 5c | 6f 76 65 72 66 75 6c 6c |length{\|overfull|
|00003d20| 72 75 6c 65 7d 7b 35 70 | 74 7d 7d 0a 20 20 20 5c |rule}{5p|t}}. \|
|00003d30| 50 72 6f 63 65 73 73 4f | 70 74 69 6f 6e 73 0a 5c |ProcessO|ptions.\|
|00003d40| 65 6e 64 7b 76 65 72 62 | 61 74 69 6d 7d 0a 0a 54 |end{verb|atim}..T|
|00003d50| 68 65 20 61 64 76 61 6e | 74 61 67 65 20 6f 66 20 |he advan|tage of |
|00003d60| 74 68 69 73 20 6b 69 6e | 64 20 6f 66 20 70 72 61 |this kin|d of pra|
|00003d70| 63 74 69 63 65 20 69 73 | 20 74 68 61 74 20 79 6f |ctice is| that yo|
|00003d80| 75 72 20 63 6f 64 65 20 | 69 73 20 6d 6f 72 65 0a |ur code |is more.|
|00003d90| 72 65 61 64 61 62 6c 65 | 20 61 6e 64 2c 20 6d 6f |readable| and, mo|
|00003da0| 72 65 20 69 6d 70 6f 72 | 74 61 6e 74 2c 20 74 68 |re impor|tant, th|
|00003db0| 61 74 20 69 74 20 69 73 | 20 6c 65 73 73 20 6c 69 |at it is| less li|
|00003dc0| 6b 65 6c 79 20 74 6f 20 | 62 72 65 61 6b 20 77 68 |kely to |break wh|
|00003dd0| 65 6e 0a 75 73 65 64 20 | 77 69 74 68 20 66 75 74 |en.used |with fut|
|00003de0| 75 72 65 20 76 65 72 73 | 69 6f 6e 73 20 6f 66 20 |ure vers|ions of |
|00003df0| 5c 4c 61 54 65 58 7b 7d | 2e 0a 0a 5c 73 75 62 73 |\LaTeX{}|...\subs|
|00003e00| 75 62 73 65 63 74 69 6f | 6e 7b 4d 61 6b 65 20 69 |ubsectio|n{Make i|
|00003e10| 74 20 70 6f 72 74 61 62 | 6c 65 7d 0a 0a 49 74 20 |t portab|le}..It |
|00003e20| 69 73 20 61 6c 73 6f 20 | 73 65 6e 73 69 62 6c 65 |is also |sensible|
|00003e30| 20 74 6f 20 6d 61 6b 65 | 20 79 6f 75 72 20 66 69 | to make| your fi|
|00003e40| 6c 65 73 20 61 72 65 20 | 61 73 20 70 6f 72 74 61 |les are |as porta|
|00003e50| 62 6c 65 20 61 73 20 70 | 6f 73 73 69 62 6c 65 2e |ble as p|ossible.|
|00003e60| 20 54 6f 0a 65 6e 73 75 | 72 65 20 74 68 69 73 3b | To.ensu|re this;|
|00003e70| 20 74 68 65 79 20 73 68 | 6f 75 6c 64 20 63 6f 6e | they sh|ould con|
|00003e80| 74 61 69 6e 20 6f 6e 6c | 79 20 76 69 73 69 62 6c |tain onl|y visibl|
|00003e90| 65 20 37 2d 62 69 74 20 | 74 65 78 74 3b 20 61 6e |e 7-bit |text; an|
|00003ea0| 64 20 74 68 65 0a 66 69 | 6c 65 6e 61 6d 65 73 20 |d the.fi|lenames |
|00003eb0| 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 63 | 6f 6e 74 61 69 6e 20 61 |should c|ontain a|
|00003ec0| 74 20 6d 6f 73 74 20 65 | 69 67 68 74 20 63 68 61 |t most e|ight cha|
|00003ed0| 72 61 63 74 65 72 73 20 | 28 70 6c 75 73 20 74 68 |racters |(plus th|
|00003ee0| 65 20 74 68 72 65 65 0a | 6c 65 74 74 65 72 20 65 |e three.|letter e|
|00003ef0| 78 74 65 6e 73 69 6f 6e | 29 2e 0a 0a 49 74 20 69 |xtension|)...It i|
|00003f00| 73 20 61 6c 73 6f 20 75 | 73 65 66 75 6c 20 69 66 |s also u|seful if|
|00003f10| 20 6c 6f 63 61 6c 20 63 | 6c 61 73 73 65 73 20 6f | local c|lasses o|
|00003f20| 72 20 70 61 63 6b 61 67 | 65 73 20 68 61 76 65 20 |r packag|es have |
|00003f30| 61 20 63 6f 6d 6d 6f 6e | 20 70 72 65 66 69 78 2c |a common| prefix,|
|00003f40| 0a 66 6f 72 20 65 78 61 | 6d 70 6c 65 20 74 68 65 |.for exa|mple the|
|00003f50| 20 55 6e 69 76 65 72 73 | 69 74 79 20 6f 66 20 4e | Univers|ity of N|
|00003f60| 6f 77 68 65 72 65 20 63 | 6c 61 73 73 65 73 20 6d |owhere c|lasses m|
|00003f70| 69 67 68 74 20 62 65 67 | 69 6e 20 77 69 74 68 20 |ight beg|in with |
|00003f80| 7c 75 6e 77 7c 2e 0a 54 | 68 69 73 20 68 65 6c 70 ||unw|..T|his help|
|00003f90| 73 20 74 6f 20 61 76 6f | 69 64 20 65 76 65 72 79 |s to avo|id every|
|00003fa0| 20 55 6e 69 76 65 72 73 | 69 74 79 20 68 61 76 69 | Univers|ity havi|
|00003fb0| 6e 67 20 69 74 73 20 6f | 77 6e 20 74 68 65 73 69 |ng its o|wn thesi|
|00003fc0| 73 20 63 6c 61 73 73 2c | 20 61 6c 6c 0a 63 61 6c |s class,| all.cal|
|00003fd0| 6c 65 64 20 7c 74 68 65 | 73 69 73 2e 63 6c 73 7c |led |the|sis.cls||
|00003fe0| 2e 0a 20 0a 49 66 20 79 | 6f 75 20 72 65 6c 79 20 |.. .If y|ou rely |
|00003ff0| 6f 6e 20 73 6f 6d 65 20 | 66 65 61 74 75 72 65 73 |on some |features|
|00004000| 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 | 5c 4c 61 54 65 58 7b 7d | of the |\LaTeX{}|
|00004010| 20 6b 65 72 6e 65 6c 2c | 20 6f 72 20 6f 6e 20 61 | kernel,| or on a|
|00004020| 20 70 61 63 6b 61 67 65 | 2c 0a 70 6c 65 61 73 65 | package|,.please|
|00004030| 20 73 70 65 63 69 66 79 | 20 74 68 65 20 72 65 6c | specify| the rel|
|00004040| 65 61 73 65 2d 64 61 74 | 65 20 79 6f 75 20 6e 65 |ease-dat|e you ne|
|00004050| 65 64 2e 20 20 46 6f 72 | 20 65 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 |ed. For| example|
|00004060| 2c 20 74 68 65 20 70 61 | 63 6b 61 67 65 0a 65 72 |, the pa|ckage.er|
|00004070| 72 6f 72 20 63 6f 6d 6d | 61 6e 64 73 20 77 65 72 |ror comm|ands wer|
|00004080| 65 20 69 6e 74 72 6f 64 | 75 63 65 64 20 69 6e 20 |e introd|uced in |
|00004090| 74 68 65 20 4a 75 6e 65 | 20 31 39 39 34 20 72 65 |the June| 1994 re|
|000040a0| 6c 65 61 73 65 20 73 6f | 2c 20 69 66 20 79 6f 75 |lease so|, if you|
|000040b0| 20 75 73 65 0a 74 68 65 | 6d 20 74 68 65 6e 20 79 | use.the|m then y|
|000040c0| 6f 75 20 73 68 6f 75 6c | 64 20 70 75 74 3a 0a 5c |ou shoul|d put:.\|
|000040d0| 62 65 67 69 6e 7b 76 65 | 72 62 61 74 69 6d 7d 0a |begin{ve|rbatim}.|
|000040e0| 20 20 20 5c 4e 65 65 64 | 73 54 65 58 46 6f 72 6d | \Need|sTeXForm|
|000040f0| 61 74 7b 4c 61 54 65 58 | 32 65 7d 5b 31 39 39 34 |at{LaTeX|2e}[1994|
|00004100| 2f 30 36 2f 30 31 5d 0a | 5c 65 6e 64 7b 76 65 72 |/06/01].|\end{ver|
|00004110| 62 61 74 69 6d 7d 0a 0a | 5c 73 75 62 73 75 62 73 |batim}..|\subsubs|
|00004120| 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 7b 55 | 73 65 66 75 6c 20 68 6f |ection{U|seful ho|
|00004130| 6f 6b 73 7d 0a 0a 53 6f | 6d 65 20 70 61 63 6b 61 |oks}..So|me packa|
|00004140| 67 65 73 20 61 6e 64 20 | 64 6f 63 75 6d 65 6e 74 |ges and |document|
|00004150| 20 73 74 79 6c 65 73 20 | 68 61 64 20 74 6f 20 72 | styles |had to r|
|00004160| 65 64 65 66 69 6e 65 20 | 74 68 65 20 63 6f 6d 6d |edefine |the comm|
|00004170| 61 6e 64 0a 7c 5c 64 6f | 63 75 6d 65 6e 74 7c 20 |and.|\do|cument| |
|00004180| 6f 72 20 7c 5c 65 6e 64 | 64 6f 63 75 6d 65 6e 74 |or |\end|document|
|00004190| 7c 20 74 6f 20 61 63 68 | 69 65 76 65 20 74 68 65 || to ach|ieve the|
|000041a0| 69 72 20 67 6f 61 6c 2e | 20 20 54 68 69 73 20 69 |ir goal.| This i|
|000041b0| 73 20 6e 6f 0a 6c 6f 6e | 67 65 72 20 6e 65 63 65 |s no.lon|ger nece|
|000041c0| 73 73 61 72 79 2e 20 59 | 6f 75 20 63 61 6e 20 6e |ssary. Y|ou can n|
|000041d0| 6f 77 20 75 73 65 20 74 | 68 65 20 60 68 6f 6f 6b |ow use t|he `hook|
|000041e0| 73 27 20 7c 5c 41 74 42 | 65 67 69 6e 44 6f 63 75 |s' |\AtB|eginDocu|
|000041f0| 6d 65 6e 74 7c 20 61 6e | 64 0a 7c 5c 41 74 45 6e |ment| an|d.|\AtEn|
|00004200| 64 44 6f 63 75 6d 65 6e | 74 7c 20 28 73 65 65 20 |dDocumen|t| (see |
|00004210| 53 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 7e | 5c 72 65 66 7b 53 65 63 |Section~|\ref{Sec|
|00004220| 3a 64 65 6c 61 79 73 7d | 29 2e 20 20 41 67 61 69 |:delays}|). Agai|
|00004230| 6e 2c 20 75 73 69 6e 67 | 20 74 68 65 73 65 0a 68 |n, using| these.h|
|00004240| 6f 6f 6b 73 20 6d 61 6b | 65 73 20 69 74 20 6c 65 |ooks mak|es it le|
|00004250| 73 73 20 6c 69 6b 65 6c | 79 20 74 68 61 74 20 79 |ss likel|y that y|
|00004260| 6f 75 72 20 63 6f 64 65 | 20 62 72 65 61 6b 73 20 |our code| breaks |
|00004270| 77 69 74 68 20 66 75 74 | 75 72 65 20 76 65 72 73 |with fut|ure vers|
|00004280| 69 6f 6e 73 0a 6f 66 20 | 5c 4c 61 54 65 58 7b 7d |ions.of |\LaTeX{}|
|00004290| 2e 20 49 74 20 61 6c 73 | 6f 20 6d 61 6b 65 73 20 |. It als|o makes |
|000042a0| 69 74 20 6d 6f 72 65 20 | 6c 69 6b 65 6c 79 20 74 |it more |likely t|
|000042b0| 68 61 74 20 79 6f 75 72 | 20 70 61 63 6b 61 67 65 |hat your| package|
|000042c0| 20 63 61 6e 20 77 6f 72 | 6b 0a 74 6f 67 65 74 68 | can wor|k.togeth|
|000042d0| 65 72 20 77 69 74 68 20 | 73 6f 6d 65 6f 6e 65 20 |er with |someone |
|000042e0| 65 6c 73 65 27 73 2e 0a | 0a 0a 5c 73 65 63 74 69 |else's..|..\secti|
|000042f0| 6f 6e 7b 54 68 65 20 73 | 74 72 75 63 74 75 72 65 |on{The s|tructure|
|00004300| 20 6f 66 20 61 20 63 6c | 61 73 73 20 6f 72 20 70 | of a cl|ass or p|
|00004310| 61 63 6b 61 67 65 7d 0a | 5c 6c 61 62 65 6c 7b 53 |ackage}.|\label{S|
|00004320| 65 63 3a 73 74 72 75 63 | 74 75 72 65 7d 0a 20 0a |ec:struc|ture}. .|
|00004330| 5c 4c 61 54 65 58 65 7b | 7d 20 63 6c 61 73 73 65 |\LaTeXe{|} classe|
|00004340| 73 20 61 6e 64 20 70 61 | 63 6b 61 67 65 73 20 68 |s and pa|ckages h|
|00004350| 61 76 65 20 6d 6f 72 65 | 20 73 74 72 75 63 74 75 |ave more| structu|
|00004360| 72 65 20 74 68 61 6e 20 | 5c 4c 61 54 65 58 7e 32 |re than |\LaTeX~2|
|00004370| 2e 30 39 0a 73 74 79 6c | 65 20 66 69 6c 65 73 20 |.09.styl|e files |
|00004380| 64 69 64 2e 20 20 54 68 | 65 20 6f 75 74 6c 69 6e |did. Th|e outlin|
|00004390| 65 20 6f 66 20 61 20 63 | 6c 61 73 73 20 6f 72 20 |e of a c|lass or |
|000043a0| 70 61 63 6b 61 67 65 20 | 66 69 6c 65 20 69 73 3a |package |file is:|
|000043b0| 0a 5c 62 65 67 69 6e 7b | 64 65 73 63 72 69 70 74 |.\begin{|descript|
|000043c0| 69 6f 6e 7d 0a 5c 69 74 | 65 6d 5b 49 64 65 6e 74 |ion}.\it|em[Ident|
|000043d0| 69 66 69 63 61 74 69 6f | 6e 5d 20 54 68 65 20 66 |ificatio|n] The f|
|000043e0| 69 6c 65 20 73 61 79 73 | 20 74 68 61 74 20 69 74 |ile says| that it|
|000043f0| 20 69 73 20 61 20 5c 4c | 61 54 65 58 65 7b 7d 20 | is a \L|aTeXe{} |
|00004400| 70 61 63 6b 61 67 65 20 | 6f 72 0a 20 20 20 63 6c |package |or. cl|
|00004410| 61 73 73 2c 20 61 6e 64 | 20 67 69 76 65 73 20 61 |ass, and| gives a|
|00004420| 20 73 68 6f 72 74 20 64 | 65 73 63 72 69 70 74 69 | short d|escripti|
|00004430| 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 69 74 | 73 65 6c 66 2e 0a 5c 69 |on of it|self..\i|
|00004440| 74 65 6d 5b 50 72 65 6c | 69 6d 69 6e 61 72 79 20 |tem[Prel|iminary |
|00004450| 64 65 63 6c 61 72 61 74 | 69 6f 6e 73 5d 0a 20 20 |declarat|ions]. |
|00004460| 20 48 65 72 65 20 74 68 | 65 20 66 69 6c 65 20 64 | Here th|e file d|
|00004470| 65 63 6c 61 72 65 73 20 | 73 6f 6d 65 20 63 6f 6d |eclares |some com|
|00004480| 6d 61 6e 64 73 20 61 6e | 64 20 63 61 6e 20 61 6c |mands an|d can al|
|00004490| 73 6f 20 6c 6f 61 64 0a | 20 20 20 6f 74 68 65 72 |so load.| other|
|000044a0| 20 66 69 6c 65 73 2e 20 | 20 55 73 75 61 6c 6c 79 | files. | Usually|
|000044b0| 20 74 68 65 73 65 20 63 | 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 73 20 | these c|ommands |
|000044c0| 77 69 6c 6c 20 62 65 20 | 6a 75 73 74 20 74 68 6f |will be |just tho|
|000044d0| 73 65 20 6e 65 65 64 65 | 64 20 66 6f 72 0a 20 20 |se neede|d for. |
|000044e0| 20 74 68 65 20 63 6f 64 | 65 20 75 73 65 64 20 69 | the cod|e used i|
|000044f0| 6e 20 74 68 65 20 64 65 | 63 6c 61 72 65 64 20 6f |n the de|clared o|
|00004500| 70 74 69 6f 6e 73 2e 0a | 5c 69 74 65 6d 5b 4f 70 |ptions..|\item[Op|
|00004510| 74 69 6f 6e 73 5d 20 54 | 68 65 20 66 69 6c 65 20 |tions] T|he file |
|00004520| 64 65 63 6c 61 72 65 73 | 20 61 6e 64 20 70 72 6f |declares| and pro|
|00004530| 63 65 73 73 65 73 20 69 | 74 73 20 6f 70 74 69 6f |cesses i|ts optio|
|00004540| 6e 73 2e 0a 5c 69 74 65 | 6d 5b 4d 6f 72 65 20 64 |ns..\ite|m[More d|
|00004550| 65 63 6c 61 72 61 74 69 | 6f 6e 73 5d 20 54 68 69 |eclarati|ons] Thi|
|00004560| 73 20 69 73 20 77 68 65 | 72 65 20 74 68 65 20 66 |s is whe|re the f|
|00004570| 69 6c 65 20 64 6f 65 73 | 20 6d 6f 73 74 20 6f 66 |ile does| most of|
|00004580| 20 69 74 73 20 77 6f 72 | 6b 3a 0a 20 20 20 64 65 | its wor|k:. de|
|00004590| 63 6c 61 72 69 6e 67 20 | 6e 65 77 20 76 61 72 69 |claring |new vari|
|000045a0| 61 62 6c 65 73 2c 20 63 | 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 73 20 |ables, c|ommands |
|000045b0| 61 6e 64 20 66 6f 6e 74 | 73 3b 20 61 6e 64 20 6c |and font|s; and l|
|000045c0| 6f 61 64 69 6e 67 20 6f | 74 68 65 72 20 66 69 6c |oading o|ther fil|
|000045d0| 65 73 2e 0a 5c 65 6e 64 | 7b 64 65 73 63 72 69 70 |es..\end|{descrip|
|000045e0| 74 69 6f 6e 7d 0a 20 0a | 5c 73 75 62 73 65 63 74 |tion}. .|\subsect|
|000045f0| 69 6f 6e 7b 49 64 65 6e | 74 69 66 69 63 61 74 69 |ion{Iden|tificati|
|00004600| 6f 6e 7d 0a 20 0a 54 68 | 65 20 66 69 72 73 74 20 |on}. .Th|e first |
|00004610| 74 68 69 6e 67 20 61 20 | 63 6c 61 73 73 20 6f 72 |thing a |class or|
|00004620| 20 70 61 63 6b 61 67 65 | 20 66 69 6c 65 20 64 6f | package| file do|
|00004630| 65 73 20 69 73 20 69 64 | 65 6e 74 69 66 79 20 69 |es is id|entify i|
|00004640| 74 73 65 6c 66 2e 0a 50 | 61 63 6b 61 67 65 20 66 |tself..P|ackage f|
|00004650| 69 6c 65 73 20 64 6f 20 | 74 68 69 73 20 61 73 20 |iles do |this as |
|00004660| 66 6f 6c 6c 6f 77 73 3a | 0a 5c 62 65 67 69 6e 7b |follows:|.\begin{|
|00004670| 76 65 72 62 61 74 69 6d | 7d 0a 20 20 20 5c 4e 65 |verbatim|}. \Ne|
|00004680| 65 64 73 54 65 58 46 6f | 72 6d 61 74 7b 4c 61 54 |edsTeXFo|rmat{LaT|
|00004690| 65 58 32 65 7d 0a 20 20 | 20 5c 50 72 6f 76 69 64 |eX2e}. | \Provid|
|000046a0| 65 73 50 61 63 6b 61 67 | 65 7b 3c 70 61 63 6b 61 |esPackag|e{<packa|
|000046b0| 67 65 3e 7d 5b 3c 64 61 | 74 65 3e 20 3c 6f 74 68 |ge>}[<da|te> <oth|
|000046c0| 65 72 20 69 6e 66 6f 72 | 6d 61 74 69 6f 6e 3e 5d |er infor|mation>]|
|000046d0| 0a 5c 65 6e 64 7b 76 65 | 72 62 61 74 69 6d 7d 0a |.\end{ve|rbatim}.|
|000046e0| 46 6f 72 20 65 78 61 6d | 70 6c 65 3a 0a 5c 62 65 |For exam|ple:.\be|
|000046f0| 67 69 6e 7b 76 65 72 62 | 61 74 69 6d 7d 0a 20 20 |gin{verb|atim}. |
|00004700| 20 5c 4e 65 65 64 73 54 | 65 58 46 6f 72 6d 61 74 | \NeedsT|eXFormat|
|00004710| 7b 4c 61 54 65 58 32 65 | 7d 0a 20 20 20 5c 50 72 |{LaTeX2e|}. \Pr|
|00004720| 6f 76 69 64 65 73 50 61 | 63 6b 61 67 65 7b 6c 61 |ovidesPa|ckage{la|
|00004730| 74 65 78 73 79 6d 7d 5b | 31 39 39 34 2f 30 36 2f |texsym}[|1994/06/|
|00004740| 30 31 20 53 74 61 6e 64 | 61 72 64 20 4c 61 54 65 |01 Stand|ard LaTe|
|00004750| 58 20 70 61 63 6b 61 67 | 65 5d 0a 5c 65 6e 64 7b |X packag|e].\end{|
|00004760| 76 65 72 62 61 74 69 6d | 7d 0a 43 6c 61 73 73 20 |verbatim|}.Class |
|00004770| 66 69 6c 65 73 20 64 6f | 20 74 68 69 73 20 61 73 |files do| this as|
|00004780| 20 66 6f 6c 6c 6f 77 73 | 3a 0a 5c 62 65 67 69 6e | follows|:.\begin|
|00004790| 7b 76 65 72 62 61 74 69 | 6d 7d 0a 20 20 20 5c 4e |{verbati|m}. \N|
|000047a0| 65 65 64 73 54 65 58 46 | 6f 72 6d 61 74 7b 4c 61 |eedsTeXF|ormat{La|
|000047b0| 54 65 58 32 65 7d 0a 20 | 20 20 5c 50 72 6f 76 69 |TeX2e}. | \Provi|
|000047c0| 64 65 73 43 6c 61 73 73 | 7b 3c 63 6c 61 73 73 2d |desClass|{<class-|
|000047d0| 6e 61 6d 65 3e 7d 5b 3c | 64 61 74 65 3e 20 3c 6f |name>}[<|date> <o|
|000047e0| 74 68 65 72 20 69 6e 66 | 6f 72 6d 61 74 69 6f 6e |ther inf|ormation|
|000047f0| 3e 5d 0a 5c 65 6e 64 7b | 76 65 72 62 61 74 69 6d |>].\end{|verbatim|
|00004800| 7d 0a 46 6f 72 20 65 78 | 61 6d 70 6c 65 3a 0a 5c |}.For ex|ample:.\|
|00004810| 62 65 67 69 6e 7b 76 65 | 72 62 61 74 69 6d 7d 0a |begin{ve|rbatim}.|
|00004820| 20 20 20 5c 4e 65 65 64 | 73 54 65 58 46 6f 72 6d | \Need|sTeXForm|
|00004830| 61 74 7b 4c 61 54 65 58 | 32 65 7d 0a 20 20 20 5c |at{LaTeX|2e}. \|
|00004840| 50 72 6f 76 69 64 65 73 | 43 6c 61 73 73 7b 61 72 |Provides|Class{ar|
|00004850| 74 69 63 6c 65 7d 5b 31 | 39 39 34 2f 30 36 2f 30 |ticle}[1|994/06/0|
|00004860| 31 20 53 74 61 6e 64 61 | 72 64 20 4c 61 54 65 58 |1 Standa|rd LaTeX|
|00004870| 20 63 6c 61 73 73 5d 0a | 5c 65 6e 64 7b 76 65 72 | class].|\end{ver|
|00004880| 62 61 74 69 6d 7d 0a 54 | 68 65 20 5c 6d 7b 64 61 |batim}.T|he \m{da|
|00004890| 74 65 7d 20 73 68 6f 75 | 6c 64 20 62 65 20 67 69 |te} shou|ld be gi|
|000048a0| 76 65 6e 20 69 6e 20 74 | 68 65 20 66 6f 72 6d 20 |ven in t|he form |
|000048b0| 60 5c 74 65 78 74 73 63 | 7b 79 79 79 79 2f 6d 6d |`\textsc|{yyyy/mm|
|000048c0| 2f 64 64 7d 27 2e 20 20 | 54 68 69 73 0a 64 61 74 |/dd}'. |This.dat|
|000048d0| 65 20 69 73 20 63 68 65 | 63 6b 65 64 20 77 68 65 |e is che|cked whe|
|000048e0| 6e 65 76 65 72 20 61 20 | 75 73 65 72 20 73 70 65 |never a |user spe|
|000048f0| 63 69 66 69 65 73 20 61 | 20 64 61 74 65 20 69 6e |cifies a| date in|
|00004900| 20 74 68 65 69 72 0a 7c | 5c 64 6f 63 75 6d 65 6e | their.||\documen|
|00004910| 74 63 6c 61 73 73 7c 20 | 6f 72 20 7c 5c 75 73 65 |tclass| |or |\use|
|00004920| 70 61 63 6b 61 67 65 7c | 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 |package|| command|
|00004930| 2e 20 20 46 6f 72 20 65 | 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 2c 20 |. For e|xample, |
|00004940| 69 66 20 79 6f 75 0a 77 | 72 6f 74 65 3a 0a 5c 62 |if you.w|rote:.\b|
|00004950| 65 67 69 6e 7b 76 65 72 | 62 61 74 69 6d 7d 0a 20 |egin{ver|batim}. |
|00004960| 20 20 5c 64 6f 63 75 6d | 65 6e 74 63 6c 61 73 73 | \docum|entclass|
|00004970| 7b 61 72 74 69 63 6c 65 | 7d 5b 31 39 39 35 2f 31 |{article|}[1995/1|
|00004980| 32 2f 32 33 5d 0a 5c 65 | 6e 64 7b 76 65 72 62 61 |2/23].\e|nd{verba|
|00004990| 74 69 6d 7d 0a 74 68 65 | 6e 20 75 73 65 72 73 20 |tim}.the|n users |
|000049a0| 61 74 20 61 20 64 69 66 | 66 65 72 65 6e 74 20 6c |at a dif|ferent l|
|000049b0| 6f 63 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 | 0a 77 6f 75 6c 64 20 67 |ocation |.would g|
|000049c0| 65 74 20 61 20 77 61 72 | 6e 69 6e 67 20 74 68 61 |et a war|ning tha|
|000049d0| 74 20 74 68 65 69 72 20 | 63 6f 70 79 20 6f 66 20 |t their |copy of |
|000049e0| 7c 61 72 74 69 63 6c 65 | 7c 20 77 61 73 20 6f 75 ||article|| was ou|
|000049f0| 74 20 6f 66 0a 64 61 74 | 65 2e 0a 20 0a 54 68 65 |t of.dat|e.. .The|
|00004a00| 20 64 65 73 63 72 69 70 | 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 | descrip|tion of |
|00004a10| 61 20 63 6c 61 73 73 20 | 69 73 20 64 69 73 70 6c |a class |is displ|
|00004a20| 61 79 65 64 20 77 68 65 | 6e 20 74 68 65 20 63 6c |ayed whe|n the cl|
|00004a30| 61 73 73 20 69 73 20 75 | 73 65 64 2e 20 20 54 68 |ass is u|sed. Th|
|00004a40| 65 0a 64 65 73 63 72 69 | 70 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 |e.descri|ption of|
|00004a50| 20 61 20 70 61 63 6b 61 | 67 65 20 69 73 20 70 75 | a packa|ge is pu|
|00004a60| 74 20 69 6e 74 6f 20 74 | 68 65 20 6c 6f 67 20 66 |t into t|he log f|
|00004a70| 69 6c 65 2e 20 20 54 68 | 65 73 65 20 64 65 73 63 |ile. Th|ese desc|
|00004a80| 72 69 70 74 69 6f 6e 73 | 0a 61 72 65 20 61 6c 73 |riptions|.are als|
|00004a90| 6f 20 64 69 73 70 6c 61 | 79 65 64 20 62 79 20 74 |o displa|yed by t|
|00004aa0| 68 65 20 7c 5c 6c 69 73 | 74 66 69 6c 65 73 7c 20 |he |\lis|tfiles| |
|00004ab0| 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 2e | 0a 20 0a 5c 73 75 62 73 |command.|. .\subs|
|00004ac0| 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 7b 55 | 73 69 6e 67 20 63 6c 61 |ection{U|sing cla|
|00004ad0| 73 73 65 73 20 61 6e 64 | 20 70 61 63 6b 61 67 65 |sses and| package|
|00004ae0| 73 7d 0a 20 0a 54 68 65 | 20 66 69 72 73 74 20 6d |s}. .The| first m|
|00004af0| 61 6a 6f 72 20 64 69 66 | 66 65 72 65 6e 63 65 20 |ajor dif|ference |
|00004b00| 62 65 74 77 65 65 6e 20 | 5c 4c 61 54 65 58 7e 32 |between |\LaTeX~2|
|00004b10| 2e 30 39 20 73 74 79 6c | 65 20 66 69 6c 65 73 20 |.09 styl|e files |
|00004b20| 61 6e 64 0a 5c 4c 61 54 | 65 58 65 7b 7d 20 70 61 |and.\LaT|eXe{} pa|
|00004b30| 63 6b 61 67 65 73 20 61 | 6e 64 20 63 6c 61 73 73 |ckages a|nd class|
|00004b40| 65 73 20 69 73 20 74 68 | 61 74 20 5c 4c 61 54 65 |es is th|at \LaTe|
|00004b50| 58 65 7b 7d 20 73 75 70 | 70 6f 72 74 73 0a 5c 65 |Xe{} sup|ports.\e|
|00004b60| 6d 70 68 7b 6d 6f 64 75 | 6c 61 72 69 74 79 7d 2c |mph{modu|larity},|
|00004b70| 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 | 73 65 6e 73 65 20 6f 66 | in the |sense of|
|00004b80| 20 62 75 69 6c 64 69 6e | 67 20 66 69 6c 65 73 20 | buildin|g files |
|00004b90| 66 72 6f 6d 20 73 6d 61 | 6c 6c 0a 62 75 69 6c 64 |from sma|ll.build|
|00004ba0| 69 6e 67 2d 62 6c 6f 63 | 6b 73 20 72 61 74 68 65 |ing-bloc|ks rathe|
|00004bb0| 72 20 74 68 61 6e 20 75 | 73 69 6e 67 20 6c 61 72 |r than u|sing lar|
|00004bc0| 67 65 20 73 69 6e 67 6c | 65 20 66 69 6c 65 73 2e |ge singl|e files.|
|00004bd0| 0a 20 0a 41 20 5c 4c 61 | 54 65 58 7b 7d 20 70 61 |. .A \La|TeX{} pa|
|00004be0| 63 6b 61 67 65 20 6f 72 | 20 63 6c 61 73 73 20 63 |ckage or| class c|
|00004bf0| 61 6e 20 6c 6f 61 64 20 | 61 20 70 61 63 6b 61 67 |an load |a packag|
|00004c00| 65 20 61 73 20 66 6f 6c | 6c 6f 77 73 3a 0a 5c 62 |e as fol|lows:.\b|
|00004c10| 65 67 69 6e 7b 76 65 72 | 62 61 74 69 6d 7d 0a 20 |egin{ver|batim}. |
|00004c20| 20 20 5c 52 65 71 75 69 | 72 65 50 61 63 6b 61 67 | \Requi|rePackag|
|00004c30| 65 5b 3c 6f 70 74 69 6f | 6e 73 3e 5d 7b 3c 70 61 |e[<optio|ns>]{<pa|
|00004c40| 63 6b 61 67 65 3e 7d 5b | 3c 64 61 74 65 3e 5d 0a |ckage>}[|<date>].|
|00004c50| 5c 65 6e 64 7b 76 65 72 | 62 61 74 69 6d 7d 0a 46 |\end{ver|batim}.F|
|00004c60| 6f 72 20 65 78 61 6d 70 | 6c 65 3a 0a 5c 62 65 67 |or examp|le:.\beg|
|00004c70| 69 6e 7b 76 65 72 62 61 | 74 69 6d 7d 0a 20 20 20 |in{verba|tim}. |
|00004c80| 5c 52 65 71 75 69 72 65 | 50 61 63 6b 61 67 65 7b |\Require|Package{|
|00004c90| 69 66 74 68 65 6e 7d 5b | 31 39 39 34 2f 30 36 2f |ifthen}[|1994/06/|
|00004ca0| 30 31 5d 0a 5c 65 6e 64 | 7b 76 65 72 62 61 74 69 |01].\end|{verbati|
|00004cb0| 6d 7d 0a 54 68 69 73 20 | 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 20 |m}.This |command |
|00004cc0| 68 61 73 20 74 68 65 20 | 73 61 6d 65 20 73 79 6e |has the |same syn|
|00004cd0| 74 61 78 20 61 73 20 74 | 68 65 20 61 75 74 68 6f |tax as t|he autho|
|00004ce0| 72 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e | 64 20 7c 5c 75 73 65 70 |r comman|d |\usep|
|00004cf0| 61 63 6b 61 67 65 7c 2e | 0a 49 74 20 61 6c 6c 6f |ackage|.|.It allo|
|00004d00| 77 73 20 70 61 63 6b 61 | 67 65 73 20 6f 72 20 63 |ws packa|ges or c|
|00004d10| 6c 61 73 73 65 73 20 74 | 6f 20 75 73 65 20 66 65 |lasses t|o use fe|
|00004d20| 61 74 75 72 65 73 20 70 | 72 6f 76 69 64 65 64 20 |atures p|rovided |
|00004d30| 62 79 20 6f 74 68 65 72 | 0a 70 61 63 6b 61 67 65 |by other|.package|
|00004d40| 73 2e 20 20 46 6f 72 20 | 65 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 2c |s. For |example,|
|00004d50| 20 62 79 20 6c 6f 61 64 | 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 | by load|ing the |
|00004d60| 7c 69 66 74 68 65 6e 7c | 20 70 61 63 6b 61 67 65 ||ifthen|| package|
|00004d70| 2c 20 61 20 70 61 63 6b | 61 67 65 0a 77 72 69 74 |, a pack|age.writ|
|00004d80| 65 72 20 63 61 6e 20 75 | 73 65 20 74 68 65 20 60 |er can u|se the `|
|00004d90| 69 66 5c 64 6f 74 73 20 | 74 68 65 6e 5c 64 6f 74 |if\dots |then\dot|
|00004da0| 73 20 65 6c 73 65 5c 64 | 6f 74 73 27 20 63 6f 6d |s else\d|ots' com|
|00004db0| 6d 61 6e 64 73 20 70 72 | 6f 76 69 64 65 64 0a 62 |mands pr|ovided.b|
|00004dc0| 79 20 74 68 61 74 20 70 | 61 63 6b 61 67 65 2e 0a |y that p|ackage..|
|00004dd0| 20 0a 41 20 5c 4c 61 54 | 65 58 7b 7d 20 63 6c 61 | .A \LaT|eX{} cla|
|00004de0| 73 73 20 63 61 6e 20 6c | 6f 61 64 20 6f 6e 65 20 |ss can l|oad one |
|00004df0| 6f 74 68 65 72 20 63 6c | 61 73 73 20 61 73 20 66 |other cl|ass as f|
|00004e00| 6f 6c 6c 6f 77 73 3a 0a | 5c 62 65 67 69 6e 7b 76 |ollows:.|\begin{v|
|00004e10| 65 72 62 61 74 69 6d 7d | 0a 20 20 20 5c 4c 6f 61 |erbatim}|. \Loa|
|00004e20| 64 43 6c 61 73 73 5b 3c | 6f 70 74 69 6f 6e 73 3e |dClass[<|options>|
|00004e30| 5d 7b 3c 63 6c 61 73 73 | 2d 6e 61 6d 65 3e 7d 5b |]{<class|-name>}[|
|00004e40| 3c 64 61 74 65 3e 5d 0a | 5c 65 6e 64 7b 76 65 72 |<date>].|\end{ver|
|00004e50| 62 61 74 69 6d 7d 0a 46 | 6f 72 20 65 78 61 6d 70 |batim}.F|or examp|
|00004e60| 6c 65 3a 0a 5c 62 65 67 | 69 6e 7b 76 65 72 62 61 |le:.\beg|in{verba|
|00004e70| 74 69 6d 7d 0a 20 20 20 | 5c 4c 6f 61 64 43 6c 61 |tim}. |\LoadCla|
|00004e80| 73 73 5b 74 77 6f 63 6f | 6c 75 6d 6e 5d 7b 61 72 |ss[twoco|lumn]{ar|
|00004e90| 74 69 63 6c 65 7d 0a 5c | 65 6e 64 7b 76 65 72 62 |ticle}.\|end{verb|
|00004ea0| 61 74 69 6d 7d 0a 54 68 | 69 73 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 |atim}.Th|is comma|
|00004eb0| 6e 64 20 68 61 73 20 74 | 68 65 20 73 61 6d 65 20 |nd has t|he same |
|00004ec0| 73 79 6e 74 61 78 20 61 | 73 20 74 68 65 20 61 75 |syntax a|s the au|
|00004ed0| 74 68 6f 72 20 63 6f 6d | 6d 61 6e 64 20 7c 5c 64 |thor com|mand |\d|
|00004ee0| 6f 63 75 6d 65 6e 74 63 | 6c 61 73 73 7c 2e 0a 49 |ocumentc|lass|..I|
|00004ef0| 74 20 61 6c 6c 6f 77 73 | 20 63 6c 61 73 73 65 73 |t allows| classes|
|00004f00| 20 74 6f 20 62 65 20 62 | 61 73 65 64 20 6f 6e 20 | to be b|ased on |
|00004f10| 74 68 65 20 73 79 6e 74 | 61 78 20 61 6e 64 20 61 |the synt|ax and a|
|00004f20| 70 70 65 61 72 61 6e 63 | 65 20 6f 66 20 61 6e 6f |ppearanc|e of ano|
|00004f30| 74 68 65 72 0a 63 6c 61 | 73 73 2e 20 20 46 6f 72 |ther.cla|ss. For|
|00004f40| 20 65 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 | 2c 20 62 79 20 6c 6f 61 | example|, by loa|
|00004f50| 64 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 | 20 7c 61 72 74 69 63 6c |ding the| |articl|
|00004f60| 65 7c 20 63 6c 61 73 73 | 2c 20 61 20 63 6c 61 73 |e| class|, a clas|
|00004f70| 73 20 77 72 69 74 65 72 | 0a 6f 6e 6c 79 20 68 61 |s writer|.only ha|
|00004f80| 73 20 74 6f 20 63 68 61 | 6e 67 65 20 74 68 65 20 |s to cha|nge the |
|00004f90| 62 69 74 73 20 6f 66 20 | 7c 61 72 74 69 63 6c 65 |bits of ||article|
|00004fa0| 7c 20 74 68 65 79 20 64 | 6f 6e 27 74 20 6c 69 6b || they d|on't lik|
|00004fb0| 65 2c 20 72 61 74 68 65 | 72 20 74 68 61 6e 0a 77 |e, rathe|r than.w|
|00004fc0| 72 69 74 69 6e 67 20 61 | 20 6e 65 77 20 63 6c 61 |riting a| new cla|
|00004fd0| 73 73 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 | 73 63 72 61 74 63 68 2e |ss from |scratch.|
|00004fe0| 0a 20 0a 5c 73 75 62 73 | 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 7b 44 |. .\subs|ection{D|
|00004ff0| 65 63 6c 61 72 69 6e 67 | 20 6f 70 74 69 6f 6e 73 |eclaring| options|
|00005000| 7d 0a 20 0a 54 68 65 20 | 6f 74 68 65 72 20 6d 61 |}. .The |other ma|
|00005010| 6a 6f 72 20 64 69 66 66 | 65 72 65 6e 63 65 20 62 |jor diff|erence b|
|00005020| 65 74 77 65 65 6e 20 5c | 4c 61 54 65 58 7e 32 2e |etween \|LaTeX~2.|
|00005030| 30 39 20 73 74 79 6c 65 | 73 20 61 6e 64 20 5c 4c |09 style|s and \L|
|00005040| 61 54 65 58 65 7b 7d 0a | 70 61 63 6b 61 67 65 73 |aTeXe{}.|packages|
|00005050| 20 61 6e 64 20 63 6c 61 | 73 73 65 73 20 69 73 20 | and cla|sses is |
|00005060| 69 6e 20 6f 70 74 69 6f | 6e 20 68 61 6e 64 6c 69 |in optio|n handli|
|00005070| 6e 67 2e 20 20 50 61 63 | 6b 61 67 65 73 20 61 6e |ng. Pac|kages an|
|00005080| 64 20 63 6c 61 73 73 65 | 73 20 63 61 6e 0a 6e 6f |d classe|s can.no|
|00005090| 77 20 64 65 63 6c 61 72 | 65 20 6f 70 74 69 6f 6e |w declar|e option|
|000050a0| 73 20 61 6e 64 20 74 68 | 65 73 65 20 63 61 6e 20 |s and th|ese can |
|000050b0| 62 65 20 73 70 65 63 69 | 66 69 65 64 20 62 79 20 |be speci|fied by |
|000050c0| 61 75 74 68 6f 72 73 3b | 20 66 6f 72 0a 65 78 61 |authors;| for.exa|
|000050d0| 6d 70 6c 65 2c 20 74 68 | 65 20 7c 74 77 6f 63 6f |mple, th|e |twoco|
|000050e0| 6c 75 6d 6e 7c 20 6f 70 | 74 69 6f 6e 20 69 73 20 |lumn| op|tion is |
|000050f0| 64 65 63 6c 61 72 65 64 | 20 62 79 20 74 68 65 20 |declared| by the |
|00005100| 7c 61 72 74 69 63 6c 65 | 7c 20 63 6c 61 73 73 2e ||article|| class.|
|00005110| 0a 20 0a 41 6e 20 6f 70 | 74 69 6f 6e 20 69 73 20 |. .An op|tion is |
|00005120| 64 65 63 6c 61 72 65 64 | 20 61 73 20 66 6f 6c 6c |declared| as foll|
|00005130| 6f 77 73 3a 0a 5c 62 65 | 67 69 6e 7b 76 65 72 62 |ows:.\be|gin{verb|
|00005140| 61 74 69 6d 7d 0a 20 20 | 20 5c 44 65 63 6c 61 72 |atim}. | \Declar|
|00005150| 65 4f 70 74 69 6f 6e 7b | 3c 6f 70 74 69 6f 6e 3e |eOption{|<option>|
|00005160| 7d 7b 3c 63 6f 64 65 3e | 7d 0a 5c 65 6e 64 7b 76 |}{<code>|}.\end{v|
|00005170| 65 72 62 61 74 69 6d 7d | 0a 46 6f 72 20 65 78 61 |erbatim}|.For exa|
|00005180| 6d 70 6c 65 2c 20 74 68 | 65 20 7c 64 76 69 70 73 |mple, th|e |dvips|
|00005190| 7c 20 6f 70 74 69 6f 6e | 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 || option| to the |
|000051a0| 7c 67 72 61 70 68 69 63 | 73 7c 20 70 61 63 6b 61 ||graphic|s| packa|
|000051b0| 67 65 20 69 73 0a 69 6d | 70 6c 65 6d 65 6e 74 65 |ge is.im|plemente|
|000051c0| 64 20 61 73 3a 0a 5c 62 | 65 67 69 6e 7b 76 65 72 |d as:.\b|egin{ver|
|000051d0| 62 61 74 69 6d 7d 0a 20 | 20 20 5c 44 65 63 6c 61 |batim}. | \Decla|
|000051e0| 72 65 4f 70 74 69 6f 6e | 7b 64 76 69 70 73 7d 7b |reOption|{dvips}{|
|000051f0| 5c 69 6e 70 75 74 7b 64 | 76 69 70 73 2e 64 65 66 |\input{d|vips.def|
|00005200| 7d 7d 0a 5c 65 6e 64 7b | 76 65 72 62 61 74 69 6d |}}.\end{|verbatim|
|00005210| 7d 0a 54 68 69 73 20 6d | 65 61 6e 73 20 74 68 61 |}.This m|eans tha|
|00005220| 74 20 77 68 65 6e 20 61 | 6e 20 61 75 74 68 6f 72 |t when a|n author|
|00005230| 20 77 72 69 74 65 73 20 | 7c 5c 75 73 65 70 61 63 | writes ||\usepac|
|00005240| 6b 61 67 65 5b 64 76 69 | 70 73 5d 7b 67 72 61 70 |kage[dvi|ps]{grap|
|00005250| 68 69 63 73 7d 7c 2c 0a | 74 68 65 20 66 69 6c 65 |hics}|,.|the file|
|00005260| 20 7c 64 76 69 70 73 2e | 64 65 66 7c 20 69 73 20 | |dvips.|def| is |
|00005270| 6c 6f 61 64 65 64 2e 20 | 20 41 73 20 61 6e 6f 74 |loaded. | As anot|
|00005280| 68 65 72 20 65 78 61 6d | 70 6c 65 2c 20 74 68 65 |her exam|ple, the|
|00005290| 20 7c 61 34 70 61 70 65 | 72 7c 0a 6f 70 74 69 6f | |a4pape|r|.optio|
|000052a0| 6e 20 69 73 20 64 65 63 | 6c 61 72 65 64 20 69 6e |n is dec|lared in|
|000052b0| 20 74 68 65 20 7c 61 72 | 74 69 63 6c 65 7c 20 63 | the |ar|ticle| c|
|000052c0| 6c 61 73 73 20 74 6f 20 | 73 65 74 20 74 68 65 20 |lass to |set the |
|000052d0| 7c 5c 70 61 70 65 72 68 | 65 69 67 68 74 7c 0a 61 ||\paperh|eight|.a|
|000052e0| 6e 64 20 7c 5c 70 61 70 | 65 72 77 69 64 74 68 7c |nd |\pap|erwidth||
|000052f0| 20 6c 65 6e 67 74 68 73 | 3a 0a 5c 62 65 67 69 6e | lengths|:.\begin|
|00005300| 7b 76 65 72 62 61 74 69 | 6d 7d 0a 20 20 20 5c 44 |{verbati|m}. \D|
|00005310| 65 63 6c 61 72 65 4f 70 | 74 69 6f 6e 7b 61 34 70 |eclareOp|tion{a4p|
|00005320| 61 70 65 72 7d 7b 25 0a | 20 20 20 20 20 20 5c 73 |aper}{%.| \s|
|00005330| 65 74 6c 65 6e 67 74 68 | 7b 5c 70 61 70 65 72 68 |etlength|{\paperh|
|00005340| 65 69 67 68 74 7d 7b 32 | 39 37 6d 6d 7d 25 0a 20 |eight}{2|97mm}%. |
|00005350| 20 20 20 20 20 5c 73 65 | 74 6c 65 6e 67 74 68 7b | \se|tlength{|
|00005360| 5c 70 61 70 65 72 77 69 | 64 74 68 7d 7b 32 31 30 |\paperwi|dth}{210|
|00005370| 6d 6d 7d 25 0a 20 20 20 | 7d 0a 5c 65 6e 64 7b 76 |mm}%. |}.\end{v|
|00005380| 65 72 62 61 74 69 6d 7d | 0a 53 6f 6d 65 74 69 6d |erbatim}|.Sometim|
|00005390| 65 73 20 61 20 75 73 65 | 72 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 72 |es a use|r will r|
|000053a0| 65 71 75 65 73 74 20 61 | 6e 20 6f 70 74 69 6f 6e |equest a|n option|
|000053b0| 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 74 | 68 65 20 63 6c 61 73 73 | which t|he class|
|000053c0| 0a 6f 72 20 70 61 63 6b | 61 67 65 20 68 61 73 20 |.or pack|age has |
|000053d0| 6e 6f 74 20 65 78 70 6c | 69 63 69 74 6c 79 20 64 |not expl|icitly d|
|000053e0| 65 63 6c 61 72 65 64 2e | 20 20 42 79 20 64 65 66 |eclared.| By def|
|000053f0| 61 75 6c 74 20 74 68 69 | 73 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 70 |ault thi|s will p|
|00005400| 72 6f 64 75 63 65 0a 61 | 20 77 61 72 6e 69 6e 67 |roduce.a| warning|
|00005410| 20 28 66 6f 72 20 63 6c | 61 73 73 65 73 29 20 6f | (for cl|asses) o|
|00005420| 72 20 65 72 72 6f 72 20 | 28 66 6f 72 20 70 61 63 |r error |(for pac|
|00005430| 6b 61 67 65 73 29 3b 20 | 74 68 69 73 20 62 65 68 |kages); |this beh|
|00005440| 61 76 69 6f 75 72 0a 63 | 61 6e 20 62 65 20 61 6c |aviour.c|an be al|
|00005450| 74 65 72 65 64 20 61 73 | 20 66 6f 6c 6c 6f 77 73 |tered as| follows|
|00005460| 3a 0a 5c 62 65 67 69 6e | 7b 76 65 72 62 61 74 69 |:.\begin|{verbati|
|00005470| 6d 7d 0a 20 20 20 5c 44 | 65 63 6c 61 72 65 4f 70 |m}. \D|eclareOp|
|00005480| 74 69 6f 6e 2a 7b 3c 63 | 6f 64 65 3e 7d 0a 5c 65 |tion*{<c|ode>}.\e|
|00005490| 6e 64 7b 76 65 72 62 61 | 74 69 6d 7d 0a 46 6f 72 |nd{verba|tim}.For|
|000054a0| 20 65 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 | 2c 20 74 6f 20 6d 61 6b | example|, to mak|
|000054b0| 65 20 74 68 65 20 70 61 | 63 6b 61 67 65 20 7c 66 |e the pa|ckage |f|
|000054c0| 72 65 64 7c 20 70 72 6f | 64 75 63 65 20 61 20 77 |red| pro|duce a w|
|000054d0| 61 72 6e 69 6e 67 20 72 | 61 74 68 65 72 20 74 68 |arning r|ather th|
|000054e0| 61 6e 0a 61 6e 20 65 72 | 72 6f 72 20 66 6f 72 20 |an.an er|ror for |
|000054f0| 75 6e 6b 6e 6f 77 6e 20 | 6f 70 74 69 6f 6e 73 2c |unknown |options,|
|00005500| 20 79 6f 75 20 63 6f 75 | 6c 64 20 73 70 65 63 69 | you cou|ld speci|
|00005510| 66 79 3a 0a 5c 62 65 67 | 69 6e 7b 76 65 72 62 61 |fy:.\beg|in{verba|
|00005520| 74 69 6d 7d 0a 20 20 20 | 5c 44 65 63 6c 61 72 65 |tim}. |\Declare|
|00005530| 4f 70 74 69 6f 6e 2a 7b | 25 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 |Option*{|%. |
|00005540| 5c 50 61 63 6b 61 67 65 | 57 61 72 6e 69 6e 67 7b |\Package|Warning{|
|00005550| 66 72 65 64 7d 7b 55 6e | 6b 6e 6f 77 6e 20 6f 70 |fred}{Un|known op|
|00005560| 74 69 6f 6e 20 60 5c 43 | 75 72 72 65 6e 74 4f 70 |tion `\C|urrentOp|
|00005570| 74 69 6f 6e 27 7d 25 0a | 20 20 20 7d 0a 5c 65 6e |tion'}%.| }.\en|
|00005580| 64 7b 76 65 72 62 61 74 | 69 6d 7d 0a 54 68 65 6e |d{verbat|im}.Then|
|00005590| 2c 20 69 66 20 61 6e 20 | 61 75 74 68 6f 72 20 77 |, if an |author w|
|000055a0| 72 69 74 65 73 20 7c 5c | 75 73 65 70 61 63 6b 61 |rites |\|usepacka|
|000055b0| 67 65 5b 66 6f 6f 5d 7b | 66 72 65 64 7d 7c 2c 20 |ge[foo]{|fred}|, |
|000055c0| 74 68 65 79 20 77 69 6c | 6c 20 67 65 74 20 61 0a |they wil|l get a.|
|000055d0| 77 61 72 6e 69 6e 67 20 | 5c 74 65 78 74 74 74 7b |warning |\texttt{|
|000055e0| 50 61 63 6b 61 67 65 20 | 66 72 65 64 20 57 61 72 |Package |fred War|
|000055f0| 6e 69 6e 67 3a 20 55 6e | 6b 6e 6f 77 6e 20 6f 70 |ning: Un|known op|
|00005600| 74 69 6f 6e 20 60 66 6f | 6f 27 2e 7d 20 20 41 73 |tion `fo|o'.} As|
|00005610| 0a 61 6e 6f 74 68 65 72 | 20 65 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 |.another| example|
|00005620| 2c 20 74 68 65 20 7c 66 | 6f 6e 74 65 6e 63 7c 20 |, the |f|ontenc| |
|00005630| 70 61 63 6b 61 67 65 20 | 74 72 69 65 73 20 74 6f |package |tries to|
|00005640| 20 6c 6f 61 64 20 61 20 | 66 69 6c 65 0a 7c 3c 45 | load a |file.|<E|
|00005650| 4e 43 3e 65 6e 63 2e 64 | 65 66 7c 20 77 68 65 6e |NC>enc.d|ef| when|
|00005660| 65 76 65 72 20 74 68 65 | 20 5c 6d 7b 45 4e 43 7d |ever the| \m{ENC}|
|00005670| 20 6f 70 74 69 6f 6e 20 | 69 73 20 75 73 65 64 2e | option |is used.|
|00005680| 20 20 54 68 69 73 0a 63 | 61 6e 20 62 65 20 64 6f | This.c|an be do|
|00005690| 6e 65 20 62 79 20 77 72 | 69 74 69 6e 67 3a 0a 5c |ne by wr|iting:.\|
|000056a0| 62 65 67 69 6e 7b 76 65 | 72 62 61 74 69 6d 7d 0a |begin{ve|rbatim}.|
|000056b0| 20 20 20 5c 44 65 63 6c | 61 72 65 4f 70 74 69 6f | \Decl|areOptio|
|000056c0| 6e 2a 7b 25 0a 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 5c 69 6e 70 75 |n*{%. | \inpu|
|000056d0| 74 7b 5c 43 75 72 72 65 | 6e 74 4f 70 74 69 6f 6e |t{\Curre|ntOption|
|000056e0| 20 65 6e 63 2e 64 65 66 | 7d 25 0a 20 20 20 7d 0a | enc.def|}%. }.|
|000056f0| 5c 65 6e 64 7b 76 65 72 | 62 61 74 69 6d 7d 0a 49 |\end{ver|batim}.I|
|00005700| 74 20 69 73 20 70 6f 73 | 73 69 62 6c 65 20 74 6f |t is pos|sible to|
|00005710| 20 70 61 73 73 20 6f 70 | 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 6f 6e | pass op|tions on|
|00005720| 20 74 6f 20 61 6e 6f 74 | 68 65 72 20 70 61 63 6b | to anot|her pack|
|00005730| 61 67 65 20 6f 72 20 63 | 6c 61 73 73 2c 20 75 73 |age or c|lass, us|
|00005740| 69 6e 67 0a 74 68 65 20 | 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 20 |ing.the |command |
|00005750| 7c 5c 50 61 73 73 4f 70 | 74 69 6f 6e 73 54 6f 50 ||\PassOp|tionsToP|
|00005760| 61 63 6b 61 67 65 7c 20 | 6f 72 20 7c 5c 50 61 73 |ackage| |or |\Pas|
|00005770| 73 4f 70 74 69 6f 6e 73 | 54 6f 43 6c 61 73 73 7c |sOptions|ToClass||
|00005780| 2e 20 20 46 6f 72 0a 65 | 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 2c 20 |. For.e|xample, |
|00005790| 74 6f 20 70 61 73 73 20 | 65 76 65 72 79 20 75 6e |to pass |every un|
|000057a0| 6b 6e 6f 77 6e 20 6f 70 | 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f 6e 20 |known op|tion on |
|000057b0| 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 7c | 61 72 74 69 63 6c 65 7c |to the ||article||
|000057c0| 20 63 6c 61 73 73 2c 20 | 79 6f 75 0a 63 61 6e 20 | class, |you.can |
|000057d0| 75 73 65 3a 0a 5c 62 65 | 67 69 6e 7b 76 65 72 62 |use:.\be|gin{verb|
|000057e0| 61 74 69 6d 7d 0a 20 20 | 20 5c 44 65 63 6c 61 72 |atim}. | \Declar|
|000057f0| 65 4f 70 74 69 6f 6e 2a | 7b 25 0a 20 20 20 20 20 |eOption*|{%. |
|00005800| 20 5c 50 61 73 73 4f 70 | 74 69 6f 6e 73 54 6f 43 | \PassOp|tionsToC|
|00005810| 6c 61 73 73 7b 5c 43 75 | 72 72 65 6e 74 4f 70 74 |lass{\Cu|rrentOpt|
|00005820| 69 6f 6e 7d 7b 61 72 74 | 69 63 6c 65 7d 25 0a 20 |ion}{art|icle}%. |
|00005830| 20 20 7d 0a 5c 65 6e 64 | 7b 76 65 72 62 61 74 69 | }.\end|{verbati|
|00005840| 6d 7d 0a 49 66 20 79 6f | 75 20 64 6f 20 74 68 69 |m}.If yo|u do thi|
|00005850| 73 20 74 68 65 6e 20 79 | 6f 75 20 73 68 6f 75 6c |s then y|ou shoul|
|00005860| 64 20 6d 61 6b 65 20 73 | 75 72 65 20 79 6f 75 20 |d make s|ure you |
|00005870| 6c 6f 61 64 20 74 68 65 | 20 63 6c 61 73 73 20 61 |load the| class a|
|00005880| 74 20 73 6f 6d 65 0a 6c | 61 74 65 72 20 70 6f 69 |t some.l|ater poi|
|00005890| 6e 74 2c 20 6f 74 68 65 | 72 77 69 73 65 20 74 68 |nt, othe|rwise th|
|000058a0| 65 20 6f 70 74 69 6f 6e | 73 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 6e |e option|s will n|
|000058b0| 65 76 65 72 20 62 65 20 | 70 72 6f 63 65 73 73 65 |ever be |processe|
|000058c0| 64 21 0a 20 0a 53 6f 20 | 66 61 72 2c 20 77 65 20 |d!. .So |far, we |
|000058d0| 68 61 76 65 20 65 78 70 | 6c 61 69 6e 65 64 20 6f |have exp|lained o|
|000058e0| 6e 6c 79 20 68 6f 77 20 | 74 6f 20 64 65 63 6c 61 |nly how |to decla|
|000058f0| 72 65 20 6f 70 74 69 6f | 6e 73 2c 20 6e 6f 74 20 |re optio|ns, not |
|00005900| 68 6f 77 20 74 6f 0a 65 | 78 65 63 75 74 65 20 74 |how to.e|xecute t|
|00005910| 68 65 6d 2e 20 20 54 6f | 20 70 72 6f 63 65 73 73 |hem. To| process|
|00005920| 20 74 68 65 20 6f 70 74 | 69 6f 6e 73 20 77 69 74 | the opt|ions wit|
|00005930| 68 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 | 74 68 65 20 66 69 6c 65 |h which |the file|
|00005940| 20 77 61 73 20 63 61 6c | 6c 65 64 2c 0a 79 6f 75 | was cal|led,.you|
|00005950| 20 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 | 75 73 65 3a 0a 5c 62 65 | should |use:.\be|
|00005960| 67 69 6e 7b 76 65 72 62 | 61 74 69 6d 7d 0a 20 20 |gin{verb|atim}. |
|00005970| 20 5c 50 72 6f 63 65 73 | 73 4f 70 74 69 6f 6e 73 | \Proces|sOptions|
|00005980| 0a 5c 65 6e 64 7b 76 65 | 72 62 61 74 69 6d 7d 0a |.\end{ve|rbatim}.|
|00005990| 54 68 69 73 20 65 78 65 | 63 75 74 65 73 20 74 68 |This exe|cutes th|
|000059a0| 65 20 5c 6d 7b 63 6f 64 | 65 7d 20 66 6f 72 20 65 |e \m{cod|e} for e|
|000059b0| 61 63 68 20 6f 70 74 69 | 6f 6e 20 74 68 61 74 20 |ach opti|on that |
|000059c0| 77 61 73 20 62 6f 74 68 | 20 73 70 65 63 69 66 69 |was both| specifi|
|000059d0| 65 64 20 61 6e 64 0a 64 | 65 63 6c 61 72 65 64 20 |ed and.d|eclared |
|000059e0| 28 73 65 65 20 53 65 63 | 74 69 6f 6e 7e 5c 72 65 |(see Sec|tion~\re|
|000059f0| 66 7b 53 65 63 3a 63 6f | 6d 6d 61 6e 64 73 2e 6f |f{Sec:co|mmands.o|
|00005a00| 70 74 69 6f 6e 73 7d 20 | 66 6f 72 20 64 65 74 61 |ptions} |for deta|
|00005a10| 69 6c 73 20 6f 66 20 68 | 6f 77 0a 74 68 69 73 20 |ils of h|ow.this |
|00005a20| 69 73 20 64 6f 6e 65 29 | 2e 0a 20 0a 46 6f 72 20 |is done)|.. .For |
|00005a30| 65 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 2c | 20 69 66 20 74 68 65 20 |example,| if the |
|00005a40| 7c 6a 61 6e 65 7c 20 70 | 61 63 6b 61 67 65 20 66 ||jane| p|ackage f|
|00005a50| 69 6c 65 20 63 6f 6e 74 | 61 69 6e 73 3a 0a 5c 62 |ile cont|ains:.\b|
|00005a60| 65 67 69 6e 7b 76 65 72 | 62 61 74 69 6d 7d 0a 20 |egin{ver|batim}. |
|00005a70| 20 20 5c 44 65 63 6c 61 | 72 65 4f 70 74 69 6f 6e | \Decla|reOption|
|00005a80| 7b 66 6f 6f 7d 7b 5c 74 | 79 70 65 6f 75 74 7b 53 |{foo}{\t|ypeout{S|
|00005a90| 61 77 20 66 6f 6f 2e 7d | 7d 0a 20 20 20 5c 44 65 |aw foo.}|}. \De|
|00005aa0| 63 6c 61 72 65 4f 70 74 | 69 6f 6e 7b 62 61 7a 7d |clareOpt|ion{baz}|
|00005ab0| 7b 5c 74 79 70 65 6f 75 | 74 7b 53 61 77 20 62 61 |{\typeou|t{Saw ba|
|00005ac0| 7a 2e 7d 7d 0a 20 20 20 | 5c 44 65 63 6c 61 72 65 |z.}}. |\Declare|
|00005ad0| 4f 70 74 69 6f 6e 2a 7b | 5c 74 79 70 65 6f 75 74 |Option*{|\typeout|
|00005ae0| 7b 57 68 61 74 27 73 20 | 5c 43 75 72 72 65 6e 74 |{What's |\Current|
|00005af0| 4f 70 74 69 6f 6e 3f 7d | 7d 0a 20 20 20 5c 50 72 |Option?}|}. \Pr|
|00005b00| 6f 63 65 73 73 4f 70 74 | 69 6f 6e 73 0a 5c 65 6e |ocessOpt|ions.\en|
|00005b10| 64 7b 76 65 72 62 61 74 | 69 6d 7d 0a 61 6e 64 20 |d{verbat|im}.and |
|00005b20| 61 6e 20 61 75 74 68 6f | 72 20 77 72 69 74 65 73 |an autho|r writes|
|00005b30| 20 7c 5c 75 73 65 70 61 | 63 6b 61 67 65 5b 66 6f | |\usepa|ckage[fo|
|00005b40| 6f 2c 62 61 72 5d 7b 6a | 61 6e 65 7d 7c 2c 20 74 |o,bar]{j|ane}|, t|
|00005b50| 68 65 6e 20 74 68 65 79 | 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 73 65 |hen they| will se|
|00005b60| 65 0a 74 68 65 20 6d 65 | 73 73 61 67 65 73 20 5c |e.the me|ssages \|
|00005b70| 74 65 78 74 74 74 7b 53 | 61 77 20 66 6f 6f 2e 7d |texttt{S|aw foo.}|
|00005b80| 20 61 6e 64 20 5c 74 65 | 78 74 74 74 7b 57 68 61 | and \te|xttt{Wha|
|00005b90| 74 27 73 20 62 61 72 3f | 7d 0a 20 0a 5c 73 75 62 |t's bar?|}. .\sub|
|00005ba0| 73 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 7b | 44 65 63 6c 61 72 61 74 |section{|Declarat|
|00005bb0| 69 6f 6e 73 7d 0a 20 0a | 4d 6f 73 74 20 6f 66 20 |ions}. .|Most of |
|00005bc0| 74 68 65 20 77 6f 72 6b | 20 6f 66 20 61 20 63 6c |the work| of a cl|
|00005bd0| 61 73 73 20 6f 72 20 70 | 61 63 6b 61 67 65 20 69 |ass or p|ackage i|
|00005be0| 73 20 69 6e 20 64 65 66 | 69 6e 69 6e 67 20 6e 65 |s in def|ining ne|
|00005bf0| 77 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e | 64 73 2c 20 6f 72 0a 63 |w comman|ds, or.c|
|00005c00| 68 61 6e 67 69 6e 67 20 | 74 68 65 20 61 70 70 65 |hanging |the appe|
|00005c10| 61 72 61 6e 63 65 20 6f | 66 20 64 6f 63 75 6d 65 |arance o|f docume|
|00005c20| 6e 74 73 2e 20 20 54 68 | 69 73 20 69 73 20 64 6f |nts. Th|is is do|
|00005c30| 6e 65 20 69 6e 20 74 68 | 65 20 62 6f 64 79 20 6f |ne in th|e body o|
|00005c40| 66 20 74 68 65 0a 70 61 | 63 6b 61 67 65 2c 20 75 |f the.pa|ckage, u|
|00005c50| 73 69 6e 67 20 63 6f 6d | 6d 61 6e 64 73 20 73 75 |sing com|mands su|
|00005c60| 63 68 20 61 73 20 7c 5c | 6e 65 77 63 6f 6d 6d 61 |ch as |\|newcomma|
|00005c70| 6e 64 7c 20 6f 72 20 7c | 5c 73 65 74 6c 65 6e 67 |nd| or ||\setleng|
|00005c80| 74 68 7c 2e 0a 0a 5c 4c | 61 54 65 58 65 7b 7d 70 |th|...\L|aTeXe{}p|
|00005c90| 72 6f 76 69 64 65 73 20 | 73 65 76 65 72 61 6c 20 |rovides |several |
|00005ca0| 6e 65 77 20 63 6f 6d 6d | 61 6e 64 73 20 74 6f 20 |new comm|ands to |
|00005cb0| 68 65 6c 70 20 63 6c 61 | 73 73 20 61 6e 64 20 70 |help cla|ss and p|
|00005cc0| 61 63 6b 61 67 65 0a 77 | 72 69 74 65 72 73 3b 20 |ackage.w|riters; |
|00005cd0| 74 68 65 73 65 20 61 72 | 65 20 64 65 73 63 72 69 |these ar|e descri|
|00005ce0| 62 65 64 20 69 6e 20 64 | 65 74 61 69 6c 20 69 6e |bed in d|etail in|
|00005cf0| 20 53 65 63 74 69 6f 6e | 7e 5c 72 65 66 7b 53 65 | Section|~\ref{Se|
|00005d00| 63 3a 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e | 64 73 7d 2e 0a 20 0a 54 |c:comman|ds}.. .T|
|00005d10| 68 65 72 65 20 61 72 65 | 20 74 68 72 65 65 20 74 |here are| three t|
|00005d20| 68 69 6e 67 73 20 74 68 | 61 74 20 65 76 65 72 79 |hings th|at every|
|00005d30| 20 63 6c 61 73 73 20 66 | 69 6c 65 20 5c 65 6d 70 | class f|ile \emp|
|00005d40| 68 7b 6d 75 73 74 7d 20 | 63 6f 6e 74 61 69 6e 3a |h{must} |contain:|
|00005d50| 0a 74 68 65 73 65 20 61 | 72 65 20 61 20 64 65 66 |.these a|re a def|
|00005d60| 69 6e 69 74 69 6f 6e 20 | 6f 66 20 7c 5c 6e 6f 72 |inition |of |\nor|
|00005d70| 6d 61 6c 73 69 7a 65 7c | 20 61 6e 64 20 76 61 6c |malsize|| and val|
|00005d80| 75 65 73 20 66 6f 72 20 | 7c 5c 74 65 78 74 77 69 |ues for ||\textwi|
|00005d90| 64 74 68 7c 0a 61 6e 64 | 20 7c 5c 74 65 78 74 68 |dth|.and| |\texth|
|00005da0| 65 69 67 68 74 7c 2e 20 | 20 53 6f 20 61 20 6d 69 |eight|. | So a mi|
|00005db0| 6e 69 6d 61 6c 20 64 6f | 63 75 6d 65 6e 74 20 63 |nimal do|cument c|
|00005dc0| 6c 61 73 73 20 66 69 6c | 65 20 69 73 3a 0a 5c 62 |lass fil|e is:.\b|
|00005dd0| 65 67 69 6e 7b 76 65 72 | 62 61 74 69 6d 7d 0a 20 |egin{ver|batim}. |
|00005de0| 20 20 5c 4e 65 65 64 73 | 54 65 58 46 6f 72 6d 61 | \Needs|TeXForma|
|00005df0| 74 7b 4c 61 54 65 58 32 | 65 7d 0a 20 20 20 5c 50 |t{LaTeX2|e}. \P|
|00005e00| 72 6f 76 69 64 65 73 43 | 6c 61 73 73 7b 6d 69 6e |rovidesC|lass{min|
|00005e10| 69 6d 61 6c 7d 5b 31 39 | 39 34 2f 30 34 2f 30 31 |imal}[19|94/04/01|
|00005e20| 20 4d 69 6e 69 6d 61 6c | 20 63 6c 61 73 73 5d 0a | Minimal| class].|
|00005e30| 20 20 20 5c 72 65 6e 65 | 77 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 | \rene|wcommand|
|00005e40| 7b 5c 6e 6f 72 6d 61 6c | 73 69 7a 65 7d 7b 5c 66 |{\normal|size}{\f|
|00005e50| 6f 6e 74 73 69 7a 65 7b | 31 30 7d 7b 31 32 7d 5c |ontsize{|10}{12}\|
|00005e60| 73 65 6c 65 63 74 66 6f | 6e 74 7d 0a 20 20 20 5c |selectfo|nt}. \|
|00005e70| 73 65 74 6c 65 6e 67 74 | 68 7b 5c 74 65 78 74 77 |setlengt|h{\textw|
|00005e80| 69 64 74 68 7d 7b 36 2e | 35 69 6e 7d 0a 20 20 20 |idth}{6.|5in}. |
|00005e90| 5c 73 65 74 6c 65 6e 67 | 74 68 7b 5c 74 65 78 74 |\setleng|th{\text|
|00005ea0| 68 65 69 67 68 74 7d 7b | 38 69 6e 7d 0a 5c 65 6e |height}{|8in}.\en|
|00005eb0| 64 7b 76 65 72 62 61 74 | 69 6d 7d 0a 48 6f 77 65 |d{verbat|im}.Howe|
|00005ec0| 76 65 72 2c 20 74 68 69 | 73 20 63 6c 61 73 73 20 |ver, thi|s class |
|00005ed0| 66 69 6c 65 20 77 69 6c | 6c 20 6e 6f 74 20 73 75 |file wil|l not su|
|00005ee0| 70 70 6f 72 74 20 66 6f | 6f 74 6e 6f 74 65 73 2c |pport fo|otnotes,|
|00005ef0| 20 6d 61 72 67 69 6e 61 | 6c 73 2c 0a 66 6c 6f 61 | margina|ls,.floa|
|00005f00| 74 73 2c 20 65 74 63 2e | 20 6e 6f 72 20 77 69 6c |ts, etc.| nor wil|
|00005f10| 6c 20 69 74 20 70 72 6f | 76 69 64 65 20 61 6e 79 |l it pro|vide any|
|00005f20| 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 | 32 2d 6c 65 74 74 65 72 | of the |2-letter|
|00005f30| 20 66 6f 6e 74 20 63 6f | 6d 6d 61 6e 64 73 0a 73 | font co|mmands.s|
|00005f40| 75 63 68 20 61 73 20 7c | 5c 72 6d 7c 3b 20 74 68 |uch as ||\rm|; th|
|00005f50| 75 73 20 6d 6f 73 74 20 | 63 6c 61 73 73 65 73 20 |us most |classes |
|00005f60| 77 69 6c 6c 20 63 6f 6e | 74 61 69 6e 20 6d 6f 72 |will con|tain mor|
|00005f70| 65 20 74 68 61 6e 20 74 | 68 69 73 20 6d 69 6e 69 |e than t|his mini|
|00005f80| 6d 75 6d 21 0a 20 0a 0a | 0a 5c 73 75 62 73 65 63 |mum!. ..|.\subsec|
|00005f90| 74 69 6f 6e 7b 45 78 61 | 6d 70 6c 65 3a 20 61 20 |tion{Exa|mple: a |
|00005fa0| 6c 6f 63 61 6c 20 6c 65 | 74 74 65 72 20 63 6c 61 |local le|tter cla|
|00005fb0| 73 73 7d 0a 20 0a 41 20 | 63 6f 6d 70 61 6e 79 20 |ss}. .A |company |
|00005fc0| 6d 61 79 20 68 61 76 65 | 20 69 74 73 20 6f 77 6e |may have| its own|
|00005fd0| 20 6c 65 74 74 65 72 20 | 63 6c 61 73 73 2c 20 66 | letter |class, f|
|00005fe0| 6f 72 20 73 65 74 74 69 | 6e 67 20 6c 65 74 74 65 |or setti|ng lette|
|00005ff0| 72 73 20 69 6e 20 74 68 | 65 0a 63 6f 6d 70 61 6e |rs in th|e.compan|
|00006000| 79 20 73 74 79 6c 65 2e | 20 20 54 68 69 73 20 73 |y style.| This s|
|00006010| 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 73 | 68 6f 77 73 20 61 20 73 |ection s|hows a s|
|00006020| 69 6d 70 6c 65 20 69 6d | 70 6c 65 6d 65 6e 74 61 |imple im|plementa|
|00006030| 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 | 73 75 63 68 20 61 0a 63 |tion of |such a.c|
|00006040| 6c 61 73 73 2c 20 61 6c | 74 68 6f 75 67 68 20 61 |lass, al|though a|
|00006050| 20 72 65 61 6c 20 63 6c | 61 73 73 20 77 6f 75 6c | real cl|ass woul|
|00006060| 64 20 6e 65 65 64 20 6d | 6f 72 65 20 73 74 72 75 |d need m|ore stru|
|00006070| 63 74 75 72 65 2e 0a 20 | 0a 54 68 65 20 63 6c 61 |cture.. |.The cla|
|00006080| 73 73 20 62 65 67 69 6e | 73 20 62 79 20 61 6e 6e |ss begin|s by ann|
|00006090| 6f 75 6e 63 69 6e 67 20 | 69 74 73 65 6c 66 20 61 |ouncing |itself a|
|000060a0| 73 20 7c 6e 65 70 6c 65 | 74 2e 63 6c 73 7c 2e 0a |s |neple|t.cls|..|
|000060b0| 5c 62 65 67 69 6e 7b 76 | 65 72 62 61 74 69 6d 7d |\begin{v|erbatim}|
|000060c0| 0a 20 20 20 5c 4e 65 65 | 64 73 54 65 58 46 6f 72 |. \Nee|dsTeXFor|
|000060d0| 6d 61 74 7b 4c 61 54 65 | 58 32 65 7d 0a 20 20 20 |mat{LaTe|X2e}. |
|000060e0| 5c 50 72 6f 76 69 64 65 | 73 43 6c 61 73 73 7b 6e |\Provide|sClass{n|
|000060f0| 65 70 6c 65 74 7d 5b 31 | 39 39 35 2f 30 34 2f 30 |eplet}[1|995/04/0|
|00006100| 31 20 4e 6f 6e 45 78 69 | 73 74 65 6e 74 20 50 72 |1 NonExi|stent Pr|
|00006110| 65 73 73 20 6c 65 74 74 | 65 72 20 63 6c 61 73 73 |ess lett|er class|
|00006120| 5d 0a 5c 65 6e 64 7b 76 | 65 72 62 61 74 69 6d 7d |].\end{v|erbatim}|
|00006130| 0a 54 68 65 6e 20 74 68 | 69 73 20 6e 65 78 74 20 |.Then th|is next |
|00006140| 62 69 74 20 70 61 73 73 | 65 73 20 61 6e 79 20 6f |bit pass|es any o|
|00006150| 70 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 6f | 6e 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 |ptions o|n to the|
|00006160| 20 7c 6c 65 74 74 65 72 | 7c 20 63 6c 61 73 73 2c | |letter|| class,|
|00006170| 20 77 68 69 63 68 0a 69 | 73 20 6c 6f 61 64 65 64 | which.i|s loaded|
|00006180| 20 77 69 74 68 20 74 68 | 65 20 7c 61 34 70 61 70 | with th|e |a4pap|
|00006190| 65 72 7c 20 6f 70 74 69 | 6f 6e 2e 0a 5c 62 65 67 |er| opti|on..\beg|
|000061a0| 69 6e 7b 76 65 72 62 61 | 74 69 6d 7d 0a 20 20 20 |in{verba|tim}. |
|000061b0| 5c 44 65 63 6c 61 72 65 | 4f 70 74 69 6f 6e 2a 7b |\Declare|Option*{|
|000061c0| 5c 50 61 73 73 4f 70 74 | 69 6f 6e 73 54 6f 43 6c |\PassOpt|ionsToCl|
|000061d0| 61 73 73 7b 5c 43 75 72 | 72 65 6e 74 4f 70 74 69 |ass{\Cur|rentOpti|
|000061e0| 6f 6e 7d 7b 6c 65 74 74 | 65 72 7d 7d 0a 20 20 20 |on}{lett|er}}. |
|000061f0| 5c 50 72 6f 63 65 73 73 | 4f 70 74 69 6f 6e 73 0a |\Process|Options.|
|00006200| 20 20 20 5c 4c 6f 61 64 | 43 6c 61 73 73 5b 61 34 | \Load|Class[a4|
|00006210| 70 61 70 65 72 5d 7b 6c | 65 74 74 65 72 7d 0a 5c |paper]{l|etter}.\|
|00006220| 65 6e 64 7b 76 65 72 62 | 61 74 69 6d 7d 0a 49 6e |end{verb|atim}.In|
|00006230| 20 6f 72 64 65 72 20 74 | 6f 20 75 73 65 20 74 68 | order t|o use th|
|00006240| 65 20 63 6f 6d 70 61 6e | 79 20 6c 65 74 74 65 72 |e compan|y letter|
|00006250| 20 68 65 61 64 2c 20 69 | 74 20 72 65 64 65 66 69 | head, i|t redefi|
|00006260| 6e 65 73 20 74 68 65 0a | 7c 66 69 72 73 74 70 61 |nes the.||firstpa|
|00006270| 67 65 7c 20 70 61 67 65 | 20 73 74 79 6c 65 3a 20 |ge| page| style: |
|00006280| 74 68 69 73 20 69 73 20 | 74 68 65 20 70 61 67 65 |this is |the page|
|00006290| 20 73 74 79 6c 65 20 74 | 68 61 74 20 69 73 20 75 | style t|hat is u|
|000062a0| 73 65 64 20 6f 6e 0a 74 | 68 65 20 66 69 72 73 74 |sed on.t|he first|
|000062b0| 20 70 61 67 65 20 6f 66 | 20 6c 65 74 74 65 72 73 | page of| letters|
|000062c0| 2e 0a 5c 62 65 67 69 6e | 7b 76 65 72 62 61 74 69 |..\begin|{verbati|
|000062d0| 6d 7d 0a 20 20 20 5c 72 | 65 6e 65 77 63 6f 6d 6d |m}. \r|enewcomm|
|000062e0| 61 6e 64 7b 5c 70 73 40 | 66 69 72 73 74 70 61 67 |and{\ps@|firstpag|
|000062f0| 65 7d 7b 25 0a 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 5c 72 65 6e 65 |e}{%. | \rene|
|00006300| 77 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 | 7b 5c 40 6f 64 64 68 65 |wcommand|{\@oddhe|
|00006310| 61 64 7d 7b 3c 6c 65 74 | 74 65 72 68 65 61 64 20 |ad}{<let|terhead |
|00006320| 67 6f 65 73 20 68 65 72 | 65 3e 7d 25 0a 20 20 20 |goes her|e>}%. |
|00006330| 20 20 20 5c 72 65 6e 65 | 77 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 | \rene|wcommand|
|00006340| 7b 5c 40 6f 64 64 66 6f | 6f 74 7d 7b 3c 6c 65 74 |{\@oddfo|ot}{<let|
|00006350| 74 65 72 66 6f 6f 74 20 | 67 6f 65 73 20 68 65 72 |terfoot |goes her|
|00006360| 65 3e 7d 25 0a 20 20 20 | 7d 0a 5c 65 6e 64 7b 76 |e>}%. |}.\end{v|
|00006370| 65 72 62 61 74 69 6d 7d | 0a 41 6e 64 20 74 68 61 |erbatim}|.And tha|
|00006380| 74 27 73 20 69 74 21 0a | 20 0a 5c 73 75 62 73 65 |t's it!.| .\subse|
|00006390| 63 74 69 6f 6e 7b 45 78 | 61 6d 70 6c 65 3a 20 61 |ction{Ex|ample: a|
|000063a0| 20 6e 65 77 73 6c 65 74 | 74 65 72 20 63 6c 61 73 | newslet|ter clas|
|000063b0| 73 7d 0a 20 0a 41 20 73 | 69 6d 70 6c 65 20 6e 65 |s}. .A s|imple ne|
|000063c0| 77 73 6c 65 74 74 65 72 | 20 63 61 6e 20 62 65 20 |wsletter| can be |
|000063d0| 74 79 70 65 73 65 74 20 | 77 69 74 68 20 5c 4c 61 |typeset |with \La|
|000063e0| 54 65 58 7b 7d 2c 20 75 | 73 69 6e 67 20 61 20 76 |TeX{}, u|sing a v|
|000063f0| 61 72 69 61 6e 74 20 6f | 66 20 74 68 65 0a 7c 61 |ariant o|f the.|a|
+--------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------+--------+
Only 25.0 KB of data is shown above.