home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
open in:
MacOS 8.1
|
Win98
|
DOS
browse contents |
view JSON data
|
view as text
This file was processed as: ArcFS Archive
(archive/arcFS).
Confidence | Program | Detection | Match Type | Support
|
---|
100%
| dexvert
| ArcFS Archive (archive/arcFS)
| magic
| Supported |
100%
| file
| RISC OS archive (ArcFS format)
| default
| |
99%
| file
| data
| default
| |
100%
| TrID
| Acorn ArcFS Archive
| default
| |
100%
| gt2
| Kopftext: 'Archive'
| default (weak)
| |
100%
| detectItEasy
| Archive: ArcFS
| default
|
|
hex view+--------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------+--------+
|00000000| 41 72 63 68 69 76 65 00 | b0 01 00 00 54 03 00 00 |Archive.|....T...|
|00000010| 28 00 00 00 64 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |(...d...|........|
|00000020| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000030| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000040| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000050| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000060| 82 21 52 41 59 44 4f 43 | 00 00 00 00 ff ff ff ff |.!RAYDOC|........|
|00000070| 44 ff ff ff 3a ad 84 03 | 00 00 00 00 ff ff ff ff |D...:...|........|
|00000080| 44 01 00 80 82 21 44 6f | 63 44 61 74 61 00 00 00 |D....!Do|cData...|
|00000090| a8 2c 00 00 40 87 fd ff | f6 17 0a bb 03 00 73 15 |.,..@...|......s.|
|000000a0| a8 2c 00 00 f6 f7 00 00 | 82 21 52 75 6e 00 31 73 |.,......|.!Run.1s|
|000000b0| 74 00 00 00 52 01 00 00 | 40 eb ff ff af 53 10 ba |t...R...|@....S..|
|000000c0| 03 00 9a 20 52 01 00 00 | c2 24 01 00 82 21 52 75 |... R...|.$...!Ru|
|000000d0| 6e 49 6d 61 67 65 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 40 00 f0 ff |nImage..|....@...|
|000000e0| 48 18 0a bb 03 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 14 26 01 00 |H.......|.....&..|
|000000f0| 82 21 53 70 72 69 74 65 | 73 00 00 00 7c 00 00 00 |.!Sprite|s...|...|
|00000100| 40 f9 ff ff 7b 53 10 ba | 03 00 6d c7 7c 00 00 00 |@...{S..|..m.|...|
|00000110| 38 26 01 00 82 43 68 61 | 70 74 65 72 31 00 00 00 |8&...Cha|pter1...|
|00000120| ff ff ff ff 44 ff ff ff | 00 af 84 03 00 00 00 00 |....D...|........|
|00000130| ff ff ff ff 20 01 00 80 | 82 54 65 78 74 00 63 00 |.... ...|.Text.c.|
|00000140| 00 00 00 00 98 a6 01 00 | 40 88 fd ff d0 17 0a bb |........|@.......|
|00000150| 03 00 75 76 98 a6 01 00 | d8 26 01 00 00 52 61 79 |..uv....|.&...Ray|
|00000160| 44 6f 63 00 00 00 00 00 | e9 f5 00 00 44 ff ff ff |Doc.....|....D...|
|00000170| 77 59 f5 01 03 00 c7 49 | e9 f5 00 00 24 00 00 00 |wY.....I|....$...|
|00000180| 00 52 65 61 64 a0 31 73 | 74 00 00 00 a1 01 00 00 |.Read.1s|t.......|
|00000190| 44 ff ff ff d1 4f 84 03 | 03 00 76 67 a1 01 00 00 |D....O..|..vg....|
|000001a0| 31 f6 00 00 82 52 61 79 | 44 6f 63 00 00 00 00 00 |1....Ray|Doc.....|
|000001b0| e9 f5 00 00 44 ff ff ff | 77 59 f5 01 03 00 c7 49 |....D...|wY.....I|
|000001c0| e9 f5 00 00 24 00 00 00 | 82 52 65 61 64 a0 31 73 |....$...|.Read.1s|
|000001d0| 74 00 00 00 a1 01 00 00 | 44 ff ff ff d1 4f 84 03 |t.......|D....O..|
|000001e0| 03 00 76 67 a1 01 00 00 | 31 f6 00 00 00 00 00 00 |..vg....|1.......|
|000001f0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000200| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000210| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000220| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000230| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000240| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000250| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000260| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000270| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000280| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000290| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|000002a0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|000002b0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|000002c0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|000002d0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|000002e0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|000002f0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000300| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000310| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000320| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000330| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000340| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000350| 00 00 00 00 46 69 6c 65 | 44 61 74 61 82 52 61 79 |....File|Data.Ray|
|00000360| 44 6f 63 00 00 00 00 00 | e9 f5 00 00 44 ff ff ff |Doc.....|....D...|
|00000370| 77 59 f5 01 03 00 c7 49 | 4f 70 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 |wY.....I|Options |
|00000380| 0a 0a 54 68 69 73 20 61 | 70 70 65 6e 64 69 78 20 |..This a|ppendix |
|00000390| 64 65 73 63 72 69 62 65 | 73 20 74 68 65 20 63 6f |describe|s the co|
|000003a0| 6d 6d 61 6e 64 6c 69 6e | 65 20 61 72 67 75 6d 65 |mmandlin|e argume|
|000003b0| 6e 74 73 20 61 63 63 65 | 70 74 65 64 20 62 79 20 |nts acce|pted by |
|000003c0| 72 61 79 73 68 61 64 65 | 2e 0a 54 68 65 73 65 20 |rayshade|..These |
|000003d0| 6f 70 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 | 6f 76 65 72 72 69 64 65 |options |override|
|000003e0| 20 64 65 66 61 75 6c 74 | 73 20 61 73 20 77 65 6c | default|s as wel|
|000003f0| 6c 20 61 73 20 61 6e 79 | 20 76 61 6c 75 65 73 20 |l as any| values |
|00000400| 20 6f 72 20 66 6c 61 67 | 73 20 67 69 76 65 6e 20 | or flag|s given |
|00000410| 69 6e 20 74 68 65 0a 69 | 6e 70 75 74 20 66 69 6c |in the.i|nput fil|
|00000420| 65 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 61 | 72 65 20 74 68 75 73 20 |e, and a|re thus |
|00000430| 75 73 65 66 75 6c 20 66 | 6f 72 20 67 65 6e 65 72 |useful f|or gener|
|00000440| 61 74 69 6e 67 20 74 65 | 73 74 20 61 6e 64 20 6f |ating te|st and o|
|00000450| 74 68 65 72 20 75 6e 75 | 73 75 61 6c 2c 0a 60 60 |ther unu|sual,.``|
|00000460| 6e 6f 6e 2d 73 74 61 6e | 64 61 72 64 27 27 20 72 |non-stan|dard'' r|
|00000470| 65 6e 64 65 72 69 6e 67 | 73 2e 0a 0a 54 68 65 20 |endering|s...The |
|00000480| 67 65 6e 65 72 61 6c 20 | 66 6f 72 6d 20 6f 66 20 |general |form of |
|00000490| 61 20 72 61 79 73 68 61 | 64 65 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 |a raysha|de comma|
|000004a0| 6e 64 20 6c 69 6e 65 20 | 69 73 3a 0a 0a 20 72 61 |nd line |is:.. ra|
|000004b0| 79 73 68 61 64 65 20 5b | 4f 70 74 69 6f 6e 73 5d |yshade [|Options]|
|000004c0| 20 5b 66 69 6c 65 6e 61 | 6d 65 5d 0a 0a 49 66 20 | [filena|me]..If |
|000004d0| 67 69 76 65 6e 2c 20 74 | 68 65 20 69 6e 70 75 74 |given, t|he input|
|000004e0| 20 66 69 6c 65 20 69 73 | 20 72 65 61 64 20 66 72 | file is| read fr|
|000004f0| 6f 6d 20 20 5b 66 69 6c | 65 6e 61 6d 65 5d 2e 20 |om [fil|ename]. |
|00000500| 20 42 79 20 64 65 66 61 | 75 6c 74 2c 20 74 68 65 | By defa|ult, the|
|00000510| 20 69 6e 70 75 74 0a 66 | 69 6c 65 20 69 73 20 72 | input.f|ile is r|
|00000520| 65 61 64 20 66 72 6f 6d | 20 74 68 65 20 73 74 61 |ead from| the sta|
|00000530| 6e 64 61 72 64 20 69 6e | 70 75 74 2e 20 52 65 63 |ndard in|put. Rec|
|00000540| 61 6c 6c 20 74 68 61 74 | 2c 20 62 79 20 64 65 66 |all that|, by def|
|00000550| 61 75 6c 74 2c 20 74 68 | 65 20 69 6d 61 67 65 0a |ault, th|e image.|
|00000560| 66 69 6c 65 20 69 73 20 | 77 72 69 74 74 65 6e 20 |file is |written |
|00000570| 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 73 | 74 61 6e 64 61 72 64 20 |to the s|tandard |
|00000580| 6f 75 74 70 75 74 3b 20 | 79 6f 75 20 77 69 6c 6c |output; |you will|
|00000590| 20 6e 65 65 64 20 74 6f | 20 72 65 64 69 72 65 63 | need to| redirec|
|000005a0| 74 20 74 68 65 0a 73 74 | 61 6e 64 61 72 64 20 6f |t the.st|andard o|
|000005b0| 75 74 70 75 74 20 69 66 | 20 79 6f 75 20 68 61 76 |utput if| you hav|
|000005c0| 65 20 20 6e 6f 74 20 63 | 68 6f 73 65 6e 20 74 6f |e not c|hosen to|
|000005d0| 20 77 72 69 74 65 20 74 | 68 65 20 69 6d 61 67 65 | write t|he image|
|000005e0| 20 74 6f 20 61 20 66 69 | 6c 65 0a 64 69 72 65 63 | to a fi|le.direc|
|000005f0| 74 6c 79 2e 20 20 54 68 | 65 20 6e 61 6d 65 20 6f |tly. Th|e name o|
|00000600| 66 20 74 68 65 20 69 6e | 70 75 74 20 66 69 6c 65 |f the in|put file|
|00000610| 20 6d 61 79 20 62 65 20 | 67 69 76 65 6e 20 61 6e | may be |given an|
|00000620| 79 77 68 65 72 65 20 6f | 6e 20 74 68 65 20 63 6f |ywhere o|n the co|
|00000630| 6d 6d 61 6e 64 0a 6c 69 | 6e 65 2e 0a 0a 43 6f 6d |mmand.li|ne...Com|
|00000640| 6d 61 6e 64 2d 6c 69 6e | 65 20 6f 70 74 69 6f 6e |mand-lin|e option|
|00000650| 73 20 66 61 6c 6c 20 69 | 6e 74 6f 20 74 77 6f 20 |s fall i|nto two |
|00000660| 62 72 6f 61 64 20 63 61 | 74 65 67 6f 72 69 65 73 |broad ca|tegories|
|00000670| 3a 20 74 68 6f 73 65 20 | 74 68 61 74 20 73 65 74 |: those |that set|
|00000680| 0a 6e 75 6d 65 72 69 63 | 61 6c 20 6f 72 20 6f 74 |.numeric|al or ot|
|00000690| 68 65 72 20 76 61 6c 75 | 65 73 20 61 6e 64 20 74 |her valu|es and t|
|000006a0| 68 75 73 20 6d 75 73 74 | 20 62 65 20 66 6f 6c 6c |hus must| be foll|
|000006b0| 6f 77 65 64 20 62 79 20 | 20 66 75 72 74 68 65 72 |owed by | further|
|000006c0| 0a 61 72 67 75 6d 65 6e | 74 73 2c 61 6e 64 20 74 |.argumen|ts,and t|
|000006d0| 68 6f 73 65 20 74 68 61 | 74 20 73 69 6d 70 6c 79 |hose tha|t simply|
|000006e0| 20 74 75 72 6e 20 66 65 | 61 74 75 72 65 73 20 6f | turn fe|atures o|
|000006f0| 6e 20 61 6e 64 20 6f 66 | 66 2e 20 20 52 61 79 73 |n and of|f. Rays|
|00000700| 68 61 64 65 27 73 0a 63 | 6f 6e 76 65 6e 74 69 6f |hade's.c|onventio|
|00000710| 6e 20 69 73 20 74 6f 20 | 64 65 6e 6f 74 65 20 74 |n is to |denote t|
|00000720| 68 65 20 76 61 6c 75 65 | 2d 73 65 74 74 69 6e 67 |he value|-setting|
|00000730| 20 61 72 67 75 6d 65 6e | 74 73 20 20 75 73 69 6e | argumen|ts usin|
|00000740| 67 20 63 61 70 69 74 61 | 6c 20 6c 65 74 74 65 72 |g capita|l letter|
|00000750| 73 2c 0a 61 6e 64 20 66 | 65 61 74 75 72 65 2d 74 |s,.and f|eature-t|
|00000760| 6f 67 67 6c 69 6e 67 20 | 61 72 67 75 6d 65 6e 74 |oggling |argument|
|00000770| 73 20 75 73 69 6e 67 20 | 6c 6f 77 65 72 2d 63 61 |s using |lower-ca|
|00000780| 73 65 20 6c 65 74 74 65 | 72 73 2e 0a 0a 2d 20 41 |se lette|rs...- A|
|00000790| 20 20 66 72 61 6d 65 0a | 20 42 65 67 69 6e 20 72 | frame.| Begin r|
|000007a0| 65 6e 64 65 72 69 6e 67 | 20 28 61 63 74 69 6f 6e |endering| (action|
|000007b0| 29 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 | 20 67 69 76 65 6e 20 66 |) on the| given f|
|000007c0| 72 61 6d 65 2e 0a 54 68 | 65 20 64 65 66 61 75 6c |rame..Th|e defaul|
|000007d0| 74 20 73 74 61 72 74 69 | 6e 67 20 66 72 61 6d 65 |t starti|ng frame|
|000007e0| 20 69 73 20 6e 75 6d 62 | 65 72 20 7a 65 72 6f 2e | is numb|er zero.|
|000007f0| 0a 0a 2d 20 61 0a 20 54 | 6f 67 67 6c 65 20 77 72 |..- a. T|oggle wr|
|00000800| 69 74 69 6e 67 20 6f 66 | 20 61 6c 70 68 61 20 63 |iting of| alpha c|
|00000810| 68 61 6e 6e 65 6c 2e 0a | 54 68 69 73 20 6f 70 74 |hannel..|This opt|
|00000820| 69 6f 6e 20 69 73 20 6f | 6e 6c 79 20 61 76 61 69 |ion is o|nly avai|
|00000830| 6c 61 62 6c 65 20 77 68 | 65 6e 20 74 68 65 20 55 |lable wh|en the U|
|00000840| 74 61 68 20 52 61 73 74 | 65 72 20 54 6f 6f 6c 6b |tah Rast|er Toolk|
|00000850| 69 74 20 69 73 20 62 65 | 69 6e 67 20 75 73 65 64 |it is be|ing used|
|00000860| 2e 0a 0a 2d 20 43 20 20 | 52 20 47 20 42 0a 20 53 |...- C |R G B. S|
|00000870| 65 74 20 74 68 65 20 61 | 64 61 70 74 69 76 65 20 |et the a|daptive |
|00000880| 72 61 79 20 74 72 65 65 | 20 70 72 75 6e 69 6e 67 |ray tree| pruning|
|00000890| 20 63 6f 6c 6f 72 2e 20 | 20 49 66 20 61 6c 6c 20 | color. | If all |
|000008a0| 63 68 61 6e 6e 65 6c 20 | 63 6f 6e 74 72 69 62 75 |channel |contribu|
|000008b0| 74 69 6f 6e 73 0a 66 61 | 6c 6c 73 20 62 65 6c 6f |tions.fa|lls belo|
|000008c0| 77 20 74 68 65 20 67 69 | 76 65 6e 20 63 75 74 6f |w the gi|ven cuto|
|000008d0| 66 66 20 76 61 6c 75 65 | 73 2c 20 6e 6f 20 66 75 |ff value|s, no fu|
|000008e0| 72 74 68 65 72 20 72 61 | 79 73 20 61 72 65 20 20 |rther ra|ys are |
|000008f0| 73 70 61 77 6e 65 64 2e | 20 4f 76 65 72 72 69 64 |spawned.| Overrid|
|00000900| 65 73 0a 74 68 65 20 76 | 61 6c 75 65 20 73 70 65 |es.the v|alue spe|
|00000910| 63 69 66 69 65 64 20 76 | 69 61 20 74 68 65 20 63 |cified v|ia the c|
|00000920| 75 74 6f 66 66 20 6b 65 | 79 77 6f 72 64 2e 0a 0a |utoff ke|yword...|
|00000930| 2d 20 63 0a 20 43 6f 6e | 74 69 6e 75 65 20 61 6e |- c. Con|tinue an|
|00000940| 20 69 6e 74 65 72 72 75 | 70 74 65 64 20 72 65 6e | interru|pted ren|
|00000950| 64 65 72 69 6e 67 2e 0a | 57 68 65 6e 20 67 69 76 |dering..|When giv|
|00000960| 65 6e 2c 20 74 68 69 73 | 20 6f 70 74 69 6f 6e 20 |en, this| option |
|00000970| 69 6e 64 69 63 61 74 65 | 73 20 74 68 61 74 20 74 |indicate|s that t|
|00000980| 68 65 20 69 6d 61 67 65 | 20 66 69 6c 65 20 62 65 |he image| file be|
|00000990| 69 6e 67 20 77 72 69 74 | 74 65 6e 20 74 6f 0a 63 |ing writ|ten to.c|
|000009a0| 6f 6e 74 61 69 6e 73 20 | 61 20 70 61 72 74 69 61 |ontains |a partia|
|000009b0| 6c 6c 79 2d 63 6f 6d 70 | 6c 65 74 65 64 20 69 6d |lly-comp|leted im|
|000009c0| 61 67 65 2e 20 20 52 61 | 79 73 68 61 64 65 20 77 |age. Ra|yshade w|
|000009d0| 69 6c 6c 20 72 65 61 64 | 20 20 74 68 65 20 69 6d |ill read| the im|
|000009e0| 61 67 65 20 74 6f 0a 64 | 65 74 65 72 6d 69 6e 65 |age to.d|etermine|
|000009f0| 20 74 68 65 20 73 63 61 | 6e 6c 69 6e 65 20 66 72 | the sca|nline fr|
|00000a00| 6f 6d 20 77 68 69 63 68 | 20 74 6f 20 63 6f 6e 74 |om which| to cont|
|00000a10| 69 6e 75 65 20 74 68 65 | 20 72 65 6e 64 65 72 69 |inue the| renderi|
|00000a20| 6e 67 2e 20 54 68 69 73 | 20 6f 70 74 69 6f 6e 20 |ng. This| option |
|00000a30| 69 73 0a 6f 6e 6c 79 20 | 61 76 61 69 6c 61 62 6c |is.only |availabl|
|00000a40| 65 20 77 69 74 68 20 74 | 68 65 20 55 74 61 68 20 |e with t|he Utah |
|00000a50| 52 61 73 74 65 72 20 54 | 6f 6f 6c 6b 69 74 2e 20 |Raster T|oolkit. |
|00000a60| 54 68 65 20 20 2d 4f 20 | 6f 70 74 69 6f 6e 20 6d |The -O |option m|
|00000a70| 75 73 74 20 61 6c 73 6f | 20 62 65 0a 75 73 65 64 |ust also| be.used|
|00000a80| 2e 0a 0a 2d 20 44 20 20 | 64 65 70 74 68 0a 20 53 |...- D |depth. S|
|00000a90| 65 74 20 6d 61 78 69 6d | 75 6d 20 72 61 79 20 74 |et maxim|um ray t|
|00000aa0| 72 65 65 20 64 65 70 74 | 68 2e 0a 4f 76 65 72 72 |ree dept|h..Overr|
|00000ab0| 69 64 65 73 20 74 68 65 | 20 76 61 6c 75 65 20 73 |ides the| value s|
|00000ac0| 70 65 63 69 66 69 65 64 | 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 |pecified| in the |
|00000ad0| 69 6e 70 75 74 20 66 69 | 6c 65 20 76 69 61 20 74 |input fi|le via t|
|00000ae0| 68 65 20 6d 61 78 64 65 | 70 74 68 20 6b 65 79 77 |he maxde|pth keyw|
|00000af0| 6f 72 64 2e 0a 0a 2d 20 | 45 20 20 73 65 70 61 72 |ord...- |E separ|
|00000b00| 61 74 69 6f 6e 0a 20 53 | 65 74 20 65 79 65 20 73 |ation. S|et eye s|
|00000b10| 65 70 61 72 61 74 69 6f | 6e 20 66 6f 72 20 72 65 |eparatio|n for re|
|00000b20| 6e 64 65 72 69 6e 67 20 | 6f 66 20 73 74 65 72 65 |ndering |of stere|
|00000b30| 6f 20 70 61 69 72 73 2e | 0a 4f 76 65 72 72 69 64 |o pairs.|.Overrid|
|00000b40| 65 73 20 74 68 65 20 76 | 61 6c 75 65 20 73 70 65 |es the v|alue spe|
|00000b50| 63 69 66 69 65 64 20 76 | 69 61 20 74 68 65 20 65 |cified v|ia the e|
|00000b60| 79 65 73 65 70 20 6b 65 | 79 77 6f 72 64 2e 0a 0a |yesep ke|yword...|
|00000b70| 2d 20 65 0a 20 57 72 69 | 74 65 20 65 78 70 6f 6e |- e. Wri|te expon|
|00000b80| 65 6e 74 69 61 6c 20 52 | 4c 45 20 66 69 6c 65 2e |ential R|LE file.|
|00000b90| 0a 54 68 69 73 20 6f 70 | 74 69 6f 6e 20 69 73 20 |.This op|tion is |
|00000ba0| 6f 6e 6c 79 20 61 76 61 | 69 6c 61 62 6c 65 20 66 |only ava|ilable f|
|00000bb0| 6f 72 20 75 73 65 20 77 | 69 74 68 20 74 68 65 20 |or use w|ith the |
|00000bc0| 55 74 61 68 20 52 61 73 | 74 65 72 20 54 6f 6f 6c |Utah Ras|ter Tool|
|00000bd0| 6b 69 74 2e 20 53 65 65 | 20 74 68 65 0a 55 74 61 |kit. See| the.Uta|
|00000be0| 68 20 52 61 73 74 65 72 | 20 54 6f 6f 6c 6b 69 74 |h Raster| Toolkit|
|00000bf0| 27 73 20 75 6e 65 78 70 | 20 6d 61 6e 75 61 6c 20 |'s unexp| manual |
|00000c00| 70 61 67 65 20 66 6f 72 | 20 64 65 74 61 69 6c 73 |page for| details|
|00000c10| 20 6f 6e 20 20 65 78 70 | 6f 6e 65 6e 74 69 61 6c | on exp|onential|
|00000c20| 20 52 4c 45 0a 66 69 6c | 65 73 2e 0a 0a 2d 20 46 | RLE.fil|es...- F|
|00000c30| 20 20 66 72 65 71 0a 20 | 53 65 74 20 66 72 65 71 | freq. |Set freq|
|00000c40| 75 65 6e 63 79 20 6f 66 | 20 73 74 61 74 75 73 20 |uency of| status |
|00000c50| 72 65 70 6f 72 74 2e 0a | 4f 76 65 72 72 69 64 65 |report..|Override|
|00000c60| 73 20 74 68 65 20 76 61 | 6c 75 65 20 67 69 76 65 |s the va|lue give|
|00000c70| 6e 20 75 73 69 6e 67 20 | 74 68 65 20 72 65 70 6f |n using |the repo|
|00000c80| 72 74 20 6b 65 79 77 6f | 72 64 2e 0a 0a 2d 20 47 |rt keywo|rd...- G|
|00000c90| 20 20 67 61 6d 6d 61 0a | 20 55 73 65 20 67 69 76 | gamma.| Use giv|
|00000ca0| 65 6e 20 67 61 6d 6d 61 | 20 63 6f 72 72 65 63 74 |en gamma| correct|
|00000cb0| 69 6f 6e 20 65 78 70 6f | 6e 65 6e 74 20 77 72 69 |ion expo|nent wri|
|00000cc0| 74 69 6e 67 20 77 72 69 | 74 69 6e 67 20 63 6f 6c |ting wri|ting col|
|00000cd0| 6f 72 20 69 6e 66 6f 72 | 6d 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 74 |or infor|mation t|
|00000ce0| 6f 0a 74 68 65 20 69 6d | 61 67 65 20 66 69 6c 65 |o.the im|age file|
|00000cf0| 2e 20 54 68 65 20 64 65 | 66 61 75 6c 74 20 76 61 |. The de|fault va|
|00000d00| 6c 75 65 20 66 6f 72 20 | 67 61 6d 6d 61 20 69 73 |lue for |gamma is|
|00000d10| 20 31 2e 30 2e 0a 0a 2d | 20 67 0a 20 55 73 65 20 | 1.0...-| g. Use |
|00000d20| 61 20 47 61 75 73 73 69 | 61 6e 20 70 69 78 65 6c |a Gaussi|an pixel|
|00000d30| 20 66 69 6c 74 65 72 2e | 0a 4f 76 65 72 72 69 64 | filter.|.Overrid|
|00000d40| 65 73 20 74 68 65 20 66 | 69 6c 74 65 72 20 73 65 |es the f|ilter se|
|00000d50| 6c 65 63 74 65 64 20 74 | 68 72 6f 75 67 68 20 74 |lected t|hrough t|
|00000d60| 68 65 20 75 73 65 20 6f | 66 20 74 68 65 20 66 69 |he use o|f the fi|
|00000d70| 6c 74 65 72 20 6b 65 79 | 77 6f 72 64 2e 0a 0a 2d |lter key|word...-|
|00000d80| 20 68 0a 20 50 72 69 6e | 74 20 61 20 73 68 6f 72 | h. Prin|t a shor|
|00000d90| 74 20 75 73 65 20 6d 65 | 73 73 61 67 65 2e 0a 0a |t use me|ssage...|
|00000da0| 2d 20 6a 0a 20 55 73 65 | 20 6a 69 74 74 65 72 65 |- j. Use| jittere|
|00000db0| 64 20 73 61 6d 70 6c 69 | 6e 67 20 74 6f 20 70 65 |d sampli|ng to pe|
|00000dc0| 72 66 6f 72 6d 20 61 6e | 74 69 61 6c 69 61 73 69 |rform an|tialiasi|
|00000dd0| 6e 67 2e 0a 54 68 69 73 | 20 6f 70 74 69 6f 6e 20 |ng..This| option |
|00000de0| 6f 76 65 72 72 69 64 65 | 73 20 74 68 65 20 61 64 |override|s the ad|
|00000df0| 61 70 74 69 76 65 20 6b | 65 79 77 6f 72 64 2c 20 |aptive k|eyword, |
|00000e00| 69 66 20 70 72 65 73 65 | 6e 74 2c 20 69 6e 20 74 |if prese|nt, in t|
|00000e10| 68 65 20 69 6e 70 75 74 | 20 66 69 6c 65 2e 0a 0a |he input| file...|
|00000e20| 2d 20 6c 0a 20 52 65 6e | 64 65 72 20 74 68 65 20 |- l. Ren|der the |
|00000e30| 6c 65 66 74 20 73 74 65 | 72 65 6f 20 70 61 69 72 |left ste|reo pair|
|00000e40| 20 69 6d 61 67 65 2e 0a | 0a 2d 20 6d 0a 20 57 72 | image..|.- m. Wr|
|00000e50| 69 74 65 20 61 20 73 61 | 6d 70 6c 69 6e 67 20 6d |ite a sa|mpling m|
|00000e60| 61 70 20 74 6f 20 74 68 | 65 20 61 6c 70 68 61 20 |ap to th|e alpha |
|00000e70| 63 68 61 6e 6e 65 6c 2e | 0a 52 61 74 68 65 72 20 |channel.|.Rather |
|00000e80| 74 68 61 6e 20 63 6f 6e | 74 61 69 6e 69 6e 67 20 |than con|taining |
|00000e90| 63 6f 76 65 72 61 67 65 | 20 69 6e 66 6f 72 6d 61 |coverage| informa|
|00000ea0| 74 69 6f 6e 2c 20 74 68 | 65 20 61 6c 70 68 61 20 |tion, th|e alpha |
|00000eb0| 63 68 61 6e 6e 65 6c 20 | 76 61 6c 75 65 73 20 77 |channel |values w|
|00000ec0| 69 6c 6c 0a 62 65 20 72 | 65 73 74 72 69 63 74 65 |ill.be r|estricte|
|00000ed0| 64 20 74 6f 20 7a 65 72 | 6f 2c 20 69 6e 64 69 63 |d to zer|o, indic|
|00000ee0| 61 74 69 6e 67 20 6e 6f | 20 73 75 70 65 72 73 61 |ating no| supersa|
|00000ef0| 6d 70 6c 69 6e 67 2c 20 | 20 61 6e 64 20 66 75 6c |mpling, | and ful|
|00000f00| 6c 20 69 6e 74 65 6e 73 | 69 74 79 2c 0a 69 6e 64 |l intens|ity,.ind|
|00000f10| 69 63 61 74 69 6e 67 20 | 73 75 70 65 72 73 61 6d |icating |supersam|
|00000f20| 70 6c 69 6e 67 2e 20 20 | 54 68 69 73 20 6f 70 74 |pling. |This opt|
|00000f30| 69 6f 6e 20 69 73 20 6f | 6e 6c 79 20 61 76 61 69 |ion is o|nly avai|
|00000f40| 6c 61 62 6c 65 20 69 66 | 20 74 68 65 20 55 74 61 |lable if| the Uta|
|00000f50| 68 20 52 61 73 74 65 72 | 0a 54 6f 6f 6c 6b 69 74 |h Raster|.Toolkit|
|00000f60| 20 69 73 20 62 65 69 6e | 67 20 75 73 65 64 2e 0a | is bein|g used..|
|00000f70| 0a 2d 20 4e 20 20 66 72 | 61 6d 65 73 0a 20 53 65 |.- N fr|ames. Se|
|00000f80| 74 20 74 68 65 20 74 6f | 74 61 6c 20 6e 75 6d 62 |t the to|tal numb|
|00000f90| 65 72 20 6f 66 20 66 72 | 61 6d 65 73 20 74 6f 20 |er of fr|ames to |
|00000fa0| 62 65 20 72 65 6e 64 65 | 72 65 64 2e 0a 54 68 69 |be rende|red..Thi|
|00000fb0| 73 20 6f 70 74 69 6f 6e | 20 6f 76 65 72 72 69 64 |s option| overrid|
|00000fc0| 65 73 20 61 6e 79 20 76 | 61 6c 75 65 20 73 70 65 |es any v|alue spe|
|00000fd0| 63 69 66 69 65 64 20 74 | 68 72 6f 75 67 68 20 74 |cified t|hrough t|
|00000fe0| 68 65 20 75 73 65 20 6f | 66 20 74 68 65 20 66 72 |he use o|f the fr|
|00000ff0| 61 6d 65 73 0a 6b 65 79 | 77 6f 72 64 2e 20 20 42 |ames.key|word. B|
|00001000| 79 20 64 65 66 61 75 6c | 74 2c 20 61 20 73 69 6e |y defaul|t, a sin|
|00001010| 67 6c 65 20 66 72 61 6d | 65 20 69 73 20 72 65 6e |gle fram|e is ren|
|00001020| 64 65 72 65 64 2e 0a 0a | 2d 20 6e 0a 20 44 6f 20 |dered...|- n. Do |
|00001030| 6e 6f 74 20 72 65 6e 64 | 65 72 20 73 68 61 64 6f |not rend|er shado|
|00001040| 77 73 2e 0a 0a 2d 20 4f | 20 20 6f 75 74 66 69 6c |ws...- O| outfil|
|00001050| 65 0a 20 57 72 69 74 65 | 20 74 68 65 20 69 6d 61 |e. Write| the ima|
|00001060| 67 65 20 74 6f 20 74 68 | 65 20 6e 61 6d 65 64 20 |ge to th|e named |
|00001070| 66 69 6c 65 2e 0a 54 68 | 69 73 20 6f 70 74 69 6f |file..Th|is optio|
|00001080| 6e 20 6f 76 65 72 72 69 | 64 65 73 20 74 68 65 20 |n overri|des the |
|00001090| 6e 61 6d 65 20 67 69 76 | 65 6e 20 77 69 74 68 20 |name giv|en with |
|000010a0| 74 68 65 20 6f 75 74 66 | 69 6c 65 20 6b 65 79 77 |the outf|ile keyw|
|000010b0| 6f 72 64 2c 20 69 66 20 | 61 6e 79 2c 20 69 6e 0a |ord, if |any, in.|
|000010c0| 74 68 65 20 69 6e 70 75 | 74 20 66 69 6c 65 2e 0a |the inpu|t file..|
|000010d0| 0a 2d 20 6f 0a 20 54 6f | 67 67 6c 65 20 74 68 65 |.- o. To|ggle the|
|000010e0| 20 65 66 66 65 63 74 20 | 6f 66 20 6f 62 6a 65 63 | effect |of objec|
|000010f0| 74 20 6f 70 61 63 69 74 | 79 20 6f 6e 20 73 68 61 |t opacit|y on sha|
|00001100| 64 6f 77 73 2e 0a 54 68 | 69 73 20 6f 70 74 69 6f |dows..Th|is optio|
|00001110| 6e 20 69 73 20 65 71 75 | 69 76 61 6c 65 6e 74 20 |n is equ|ivalent |
|00001120| 74 6f 20 73 70 65 63 69 | 66 79 69 6e 67 20 73 68 |to speci|fying sh|
|00001130| 61 64 6f 77 74 72 61 6e | 73 70 20 69 6e 20 74 68 |adowtran|sp in th|
|00001140| 65 20 69 6e 70 75 74 20 | 66 69 6c 65 2e 20 20 42 |e input |file. B|
|00001150| 79 0a 64 65 66 61 75 6c | 74 2c 20 72 61 79 73 68 |y.defaul|t, raysh|
|00001160| 61 64 65 20 74 72 61 63 | 65 73 20 73 68 61 64 6f |ade trac|es shado|
|00001170| 77 20 72 61 79 73 20 74 | 68 72 6f 75 67 68 20 6e |w rays t|hrough n|
|00001180| 6f 6e 2d 20 6f 70 61 71 | 75 65 20 6f 62 6a 65 63 |on- opaq|ue objec|
|00001190| 74 73 2e 0a 0a 2d 20 50 | 20 20 64 65 70 74 68 0a |ts...- P| depth.|
|000011a0| 20 55 73 65 20 61 64 61 | 70 74 69 76 65 20 73 75 | Use ada|ptive su|
|000011b0| 70 65 72 73 61 6d 70 6c | 69 6e 67 20 77 69 74 68 |persampl|ing with|
|000011c0| 20 74 68 65 20 67 69 76 | 65 6e 6d 61 78 69 6d 75 | the giv|enmaximu|
|000011d0| 6d 20 64 65 70 74 68 2e | 0a 54 68 69 73 20 6f 70 |m depth.|.This op|
|000011e0| 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f 76 65 | 72 72 69 64 65 73 20 74 |tion ove|rrides t|
|000011f0| 68 65 20 6a 69 74 74 65 | 72 65 64 20 6b 65 79 77 |he jitte|red keyw|
|00001200| 6f 72 64 20 61 6e 64 20 | 74 68 65 20 76 61 6c 75 |ord and |the valu|
|00001210| 65 20 61 73 73 6f 63 69 | 61 74 65 64 20 74 68 65 |e associ|ated the|
|00001220| 0a 61 64 61 70 74 69 76 | 65 20 6b 65 79 77 6f 72 |.adaptiv|e keywor|
|00001230| 64 20 67 69 76 65 6e 20 | 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 69 |d given |in the i|
|00001240| 6e 70 75 74 20 66 69 6c | 65 2c 20 69 66 20 61 6e |nput fil|e, if an|
|00001250| 79 2e 0a 0a 2d 20 50 0a | 20 53 70 65 63 69 66 79 |y...- P.| Specify|
|00001260| 20 74 68 65 20 6f 70 74 | 69 6f 6e 73 20 74 68 61 | the opt|ions tha|
|00001270| 74 20 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 | 20 62 65 20 70 61 73 73 |t should| be pass|
|00001280| 65 64 20 74 6f 20 74 68 | 65 20 43 20 70 72 65 70 |ed to th|e C prep|
|00001290| 72 6f 63 65 73 73 6f 72 | 2e 0a 54 68 65 20 43 20 |rocessor|..The C |
|000012a0| 70 72 65 70 72 6f 63 65 | 73 73 6f 72 2c 20 69 66 |preproce|ssor, if|
|000012b0| 20 61 76 61 69 6c 61 62 | 6c 65 2c 20 69 73 20 61 | availab|le, is a|
|000012c0| 70 70 6c 69 65 64 20 74 | 6f 20 61 6c 6c 20 6f 66 |pplied t|o all of|
|000012d0| 20 74 68 65 20 69 6e 70 | 75 74 70 61 73 73 65 64 | the inp|utpassed|
|000012e0| 20 74 6f 0a 72 61 79 73 | 68 61 64 65 2e 0a 0a 2d | to.rays|hade...-|
|000012f0| 20 70 0a 20 50 65 72 66 | 6f 72 6d 20 70 72 65 76 | p. Perf|orm prev|
|00001300| 69 65 77 2d 71 75 61 6c | 69 74 79 20 72 65 6e 64 |iew-qual|ity rend|
|00001310| 65 72 69 6e 67 2e 0a 54 | 68 69 73 20 6f 70 74 69 |ering..T|his opti|
|00001320| 6f 6e 20 69 73 20 65 71 | 75 69 76 61 6c 65 6e 74 |on is eq|uivalent|
|00001330| 20 74 6f 20 2d 6e 20 2d | 53 20 31 20 2d 44 20 30 | to -n -|S 1 -D 0|
|00001340| 2e 0a 0a 2d 20 71 0a 20 | 44 6f 20 6e 6f 74 20 70 |...- q. |Do not p|
|00001350| 72 69 6e 74 20 77 61 72 | 6e 69 6e 67 20 6d 65 73 |rint war|ning mes|
|00001360| 73 61 67 65 73 2e 0a 0a | 2d 20 52 20 20 78 73 69 |sages...|- R xsi|
|00001370| 7a 65 20 79 73 69 7a 65 | 0a 20 50 72 6f 64 75 63 |ze ysize|. Produc|
|00001380| 65 20 61 6e 20 69 6d 61 | 67 65 20 78 73 69 7a 65 |e an ima|ge xsize|
|00001390| 20 70 69 78 65 6c 73 20 | 77 69 64 65 20 62 79 20 | pixels |wide by |
|000013a0| 79 73 69 7a 65 20 70 69 | 78 65 6c 73 20 68 69 67 |ysize pi|xels hig|
|000013b0| 68 2e 0a 54 68 69 73 20 | 6f 70 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f |h..This |option o|
|000013c0| 76 65 72 72 69 64 65 73 | 20 61 6e 79 20 73 63 72 |verrides| any scr|
|000013d0| 65 65 6e 20 73 69 7a 65 | 20 73 65 74 20 62 79 20 |een size| set by |
|000013e0| 75 73 65 20 6f 66 20 74 | 68 65 20 73 63 72 65 65 |use of t|he scree|
|000013f0| 6e 20 6b 65 79 77 6f 72 | 64 2e 0a 0a 2d 20 72 0a |n keywor|d...- r.|
|00001400| 20 52 65 6e 64 65 72 20 | 74 68 65 20 72 69 67 68 | Render |the righ|
|00001410| 74 20 73 74 65 72 65 6f | 20 70 61 69 72 20 69 6d |t stereo| pair im|
|00001420| 61 67 65 2e 0a 0a 2d 20 | 53 20 73 61 6d 70 6c 65 |age...- |S sample|
|00001430| 73 0a 20 55 73 65 20 73 | 61 6d 70 6c 65 73 5e 32 |s. Use s|amples^2|
|00001440| 20 6a 69 74 74 65 72 65 | 64 20 73 61 6d 70 6c 65 | jittere|d sample|
|00001450| 73 2e 0a 54 68 69 73 20 | 6f 70 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f |s..This |option o|
|00001460| 76 65 72 72 69 64 65 73 | 20 61 6e 79 20 76 61 6c |verrides| any val|
|00001470| 75 65 20 73 65 74 20 74 | 68 72 6f 75 67 68 20 74 |ue set t|hrough t|
|00001480| 68 65 20 75 73 65 20 6f | 66 20 74 68 65 20 73 61 |he use o|f the sa|
|00001490| 6d 70 6c 65 73 20 6b 65 | 79 77 6f 72 64 0a 69 6e |mples ke|yword.in|
|000014a0| 20 74 68 65 20 69 6e 70 | 75 74 20 66 69 6c 65 2e | the inp|ut file.|
|000014b0| 0a 0a 2d 20 73 0a 20 44 | 69 73 61 62 6c 65 20 63 |..- s. D|isable c|
|000014c0| 61 63 68 69 6e 67 20 6f | 66 20 20 73 68 61 64 6f |aching o|f shado|
|000014d0| 77 69 6e 67 20 69 6e 66 | 6f 72 6d 61 74 69 6f 6e |wing inf|ormation|
|000014e0| 2e 0a 49 74 20 73 68 6f | 75 6c 64 20 6e 6f 74 20 |..It sho|uld not |
|000014f0| 62 65 20 6e 65 63 65 73 | 73 61 72 79 20 74 6f 20 |be neces|sary to |
|00001500| 65 76 65 72 20 75 73 65 | 20 74 68 69 73 20 6f 70 |ever use| this op|
|00001510| 74 69 6f 6e 2e 0a 0a 2d | 20 54 20 20 20 72 20 67 |tion...-| T r g|
|00001520| 20 62 0a 20 53 65 74 20 | 74 68 65 20 63 6f 6e 74 | b. Set |the cont|
|00001530| 72 61 73 74 20 74 68 72 | 65 73 68 6f 6c 64 20 69 |rast thr|eshold i|
|00001540| 6e 20 74 68 65 20 74 68 | 72 65 65 20 63 6f 6c 6f |n the th|ree colo|
|00001550| 72 20 63 68 61 6e 6e 65 | 6c 73 20 66 6f 72 20 75 |r channe|ls for u|
|00001560| 73 65 20 69 6e 20 61 64 | 61 70 74 69 76 65 0a 73 |se in ad|aptive.s|
|00001570| 75 70 65 72 73 61 6d 70 | 6c 69 6e 67 2e 20 54 68 |upersamp|ling. Th|
|00001580| 69 73 20 6f 70 74 69 6f | 6e 20 6f 76 65 72 72 69 |is optio|n overri|
|00001590| 64 65 73 20 61 6e 79 20 | 76 61 6c 75 65 20 67 69 |des any |value gi|
|000015a0| 76 65 6e 20 74 68 72 6f | 75 67 68 20 74 68 65 20 |ven thro|ugh the |
|000015b0| 75 73 65 20 6f 66 20 74 | 68 65 0a 63 6f 6e 74 72 |use of t|he.contr|
|000015c0| 61 73 74 20 6b 65 79 77 | 6f 72 64 2e 0a 0a 0a 2d |ast keyw|ord....-|
|000015d0| 20 56 20 20 20 66 69 6c | 65 6e 61 6d 65 0a 20 57 | V fil|ename. W|
|000015e0| 72 69 74 65 20 76 65 72 | 62 6f 73 65 20 6f 75 74 |rite ver|bose out|
|000015f0| 70 75 74 20 74 6f 20 74 | 68 65 20 6e 61 6d 65 64 |put to t|he named|
|00001600| 20 66 69 6c 65 2e 0a 54 | 68 69 73 20 6f 70 74 69 | file..T|his opti|
|00001610| 6f 6e 20 6f 76 65 72 72 | 69 64 65 73 20 61 6e 79 |on overr|ides any|
|00001620| 20 66 69 6c 65 20 6e 61 | 6d 65 64 20 74 68 72 6f | file na|med thro|
|00001630| 75 67 68 20 74 68 65 20 | 75 73 65 20 6f 66 20 74 |ugh the |use of t|
|00001640| 68 65 20 20 72 65 70 6f | 72 74 20 6b 65 79 77 6f |he repo|rt keywo|
|00001650| 72 64 2e 0a 0a 2d 20 76 | 0a 20 57 72 69 74 65 20 |rd...- v|. Write |
|00001660| 76 65 72 62 6f 73 65 20 | 6f 75 74 70 75 74 2e 0a |verbose |output..|
|00001670| 57 68 65 6e 20 67 69 76 | 65 6e 2c 20 74 68 69 73 |When giv|en, this|
|00001680| 20 6f 70 74 69 6f 6e 20 | 63 61 75 73 65 73 20 69 | option |causes i|
|00001690| 6e 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 69 | 6f 6e 20 61 62 6f 75 74 |nformati|on about|
|000016a0| 20 74 68 65 20 6f 70 74 | 69 6f 6e 73 20 73 65 6c | the opt|ions sel|
|000016b0| 65 63 74 65 64 20 61 6e | 64 0a 74 68 65 20 6f 62 |ected an|d.the ob|
|000016c0| 6a 65 63 74 73 20 64 65 | 66 69 6e 65 64 20 74 6f |jects de|fined to|
|000016d0| 20 62 65 20 69 6e 63 6c | 75 64 65 64 20 69 6e 20 | be incl|uded in |
|000016e0| 74 68 65 20 72 65 70 6f | 72 74 20 66 69 6c 65 2e |the repo|rt file.|
|000016f0| 0a 0a 2d 20 57 20 20 6d | 69 6e 78 20 6d 69 6e 79 |..- W m|inx miny|
|00001700| 20 6d 61 78 78 20 6d 61 | 78 79 0a 20 52 65 6e 64 | maxx ma|xy. Rend|
|00001710| 65 72 20 74 68 65 20 73 | 70 65 63 69 66 69 65 64 |er the s|pecified|
|00001720| 20 73 75 62 77 69 6e 64 | 6f 77 2e 20 20 54 68 65 | subwind|ow. The|
|00001730| 20 70 61 72 61 6d 65 74 | 65 72 73 20 73 68 6f 75 | paramet|ers shou|
|00001740| 6c 64 20 66 61 6c 6c 20 | 62 65 74 77 65 65 6e 20 |ld fall |between |
|00001750| 7a 65 72 6f 0a 61 6e 64 | 20 6f 6e 65 2e 20 54 68 |zero.and| one. Th|
|00001760| 69 73 20 6f 70 74 69 6f | 6e 20 69 73 20 70 72 6f |is optio|n is pro|
|00001770| 76 69 64 65 64 20 74 6f | 20 66 61 63 69 6c 69 74 |vided to| facilit|
|00001780| 61 74 65 20 63 68 61 6e | 67 69 6e 67 20 61 6e 64 |ate chan|ging and|
|00001790| 2f 6f 72 20 65 78 61 6d | 69 6e 69 6e 67 20 61 0a |/or exam|ining a.|
|000017a0| 73 6d 61 6c 6c 20 70 6f | 72 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 |small po|rtion of|
|000017b0| 20 61 6e 20 69 6d 61 67 | 65 20 77 69 74 68 6f 75 | an imag|e withou|
|000017c0| 74 20 68 61 76 69 6e 67 | 20 74 6f 20 72 65 2d 72 |t having| to re-r|
|000017d0| 65 6e 64 65 72 20 74 68 | 65 20 65 6e 74 69 72 65 |ender th|e entire|
|000017e0| 20 20 69 6d 61 67 65 2e | 0a 0a 0a 41 20 56 69 65 | image.|...A Vie|
|000017f0| 77 0a 0a 57 68 65 6e 20 | 64 65 73 69 67 6e 69 6e |w..When |designin|
|00001800| 67 20 61 20 72 61 79 73 | 68 61 64 65 20 69 6e 70 |g a rays|hade inp|
|00001810| 75 74 20 66 69 6c 65 2c | 20 74 68 65 72 65 20 61 |ut file,| there a|
|00001820| 72 65 20 74 77 6f 20 6d | 61 69 6e 20 69 73 73 75 |re two m|ain issu|
|00001830| 65 73 20 74 68 61 74 20 | 6d 75 73 74 20 62 65 0a |es that |must be.|
|00001840| 63 6f 6e 73 69 64 65 72 | 65 64 2e 20 20 54 68 65 |consider|ed. The|
|00001850| 20 66 69 72 73 74 20 61 | 6e 64 20 6d 6f 72 65 20 | first a|nd more |
|00001860| 63 6f 6d 70 6c 65 78 20 | 69 73 20 74 68 65 20 20 |complex |is the |
|00001870| 73 65 6c 65 63 74 69 6f | 6e 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 |selectio|n of the|
|00001880| 20 6f 62 6a 65 63 74 73 | 20 74 6f 0a 62 65 20 72 | objects| to.be r|
|00001890| 65 6e 64 65 72 65 64 20 | 61 6e 64 20 74 68 65 20 |endered |and the |
|000018a0| 61 70 70 65 61 72 61 6e | 63 65 73 20 74 68 65 79 |appearan|ces they|
|000018b0| 20 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 | 62 65 20 61 73 73 69 67 | should |be assig|
|000018c0| 6e 65 64 2e 20 20 54 68 | 65 20 73 65 63 6f 6e 64 |ned. Th|e second|
|000018d0| 20 61 6e 64 0a 75 73 75 | 61 6c 6c 79 20 65 61 73 | and.usu|ally eas|
|000018e0| 69 65 72 20 69 73 73 75 | 65 20 69 73 20 74 68 65 |ier issu|e is the|
|000018f0| 20 20 63 68 6f 69 63 65 | 20 6f 66 20 76 69 65 77 | choice| of view|
|00001900| 69 6e 67 20 70 61 72 61 | 6d 65 74 65 72 73 2e 20 |ing para|meters. |
|00001910| 20 54 68 69 73 20 63 68 | 61 70 74 65 72 0a 64 65 | This ch|apter.de|
|00001920| 61 6c 73 20 77 69 74 68 | 20 74 68 65 20 6c 61 74 |als with| the lat|
|00001930| 74 65 72 20 70 72 6f 62 | 6c 65 6d 3b 20 74 68 65 |ter prob|lem; the|
|00001940| 20 6d 61 6a 6f 72 69 74 | 79 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 | majorit|y of the|
|00001950| 20 66 6f 6c 6c 6f 77 69 | 6e 67 20 63 68 61 70 74 | followi|ng chapt|
|00001960| 65 72 73 0a 64 69 73 63 | 75 73 73 20 61 73 70 65 |ers.disc|uss aspe|
|00001970| 63 74 73 20 6f 66 20 6f | 62 6a 65 63 74 73 20 61 |cts of o|bjects a|
|00001980| 6e 64 20 74 68 65 69 72 | 20 61 70 70 65 61 72 61 |nd their| appeara|
|00001990| 6e 63 65 73 2e 0a 0a 52 | 61 79 73 68 61 64 65 20 |nces...R|ayshade |
|000019a0| 75 73 65 73 20 61 20 63 | 61 6d 65 72 61 20 6d 6f |uses a c|amera mo|
|000019b0| 64 65 6c 20 74 6f 20 64 | 65 73 63 72 69 62 65 20 |del to d|escribe |
|000019c0| 74 68 65 20 67 65 6f 6d | 65 74 72 69 63 20 72 65 |the geom|etric re|
|000019d0| 6c 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 68 | 69 70 20 62 65 74 77 65 |lationsh|ip betwe|
|000019e0| 65 6e 0a 74 68 65 20 6f | 62 6a 65 63 74 73 20 74 |en.the o|bjects t|
|000019f0| 6f 20 62 65 20 72 65 6e | 64 65 72 65 64 20 61 6e |o be ren|dered an|
|00001a00| 64 20 74 68 65 20 69 6d | 61 67 65 20 74 68 61 74 |d the im|age that|
|00001a10| 20 69 73 20 20 70 72 6f | 64 75 63 65 64 2e 20 20 | is pro|duced. |
|00001a20| 54 68 69 73 0a 72 65 6c | 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 68 69 |This.rel|ationshi|
|00001a30| 70 20 64 65 73 63 72 69 | 62 65 73 20 61 20 70 65 |p descri|bes a pe|
|00001a40| 72 73 70 65 63 74 69 76 | 65 20 70 72 6f 6a 65 63 |rspectiv|e projec|
|00001a50| 74 69 6f 6e 20 66 72 6f | 6d 20 77 6f 72 6c 64 20 |tion fro|m world |
|00001a60| 73 70 61 63 65 20 6f 6e | 74 6f 20 74 68 65 0a 69 |space on|to the.i|
|00001a70| 6d 61 67 65 20 70 6c 61 | 6e 65 2e 0a 0a 54 68 65 |mage pla|ne...The|
|00001a80| 20 67 65 6f 6d 65 74 72 | 79 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 | geometr|y of the|
|00001a90| 20 70 65 72 73 70 65 63 | 74 69 76 65 20 70 72 6f | perspec|tive pro|
|00001aa0| 6a 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 | 6d 61 79 20 62 65 20 74 |jection |may be t|
|00001ab0| 68 6f 75 67 68 74 20 6f | 66 20 61 73 20 61 6e 20 |hought o|f as an |
|00001ac0| 69 6e 66 69 6e 69 74 65 | 0a 70 79 72 61 6d 69 64 |infinite|.pyramid|
|00001ad0| 2c 20 6b 6e 6f 77 6e 20 | 61 73 20 74 68 65 20 76 |, known |as the v|
|00001ae0| 69 65 77 69 6e 67 20 66 | 72 75 73 74 75 6d 2e 20 |iewing f|rustum. |
|00001af0| 54 68 65 20 61 70 65 78 | 20 6f 66 20 20 74 68 65 |The apex| of the|
|00001b00| 20 66 72 75 73 74 75 6d | 20 69 73 20 64 65 66 69 | frustum| is defi|
|00001b10| 6e 65 64 0a 62 79 20 74 | 68 65 20 63 61 6d 65 72 |ned.by t|he camer|
|00001b20| 61 27 73 20 70 6f 73 69 | 74 69 6f 6e 2c 20 61 6e |a's posi|tion, an|
|00001b30| 64 20 74 68 65 20 6d 61 | 69 6e 20 61 78 69 73 20 |d the ma|in axis |
|00001b40| 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 66 | 72 75 73 74 75 6d 20 62 |of the f|rustum b|
|00001b50| 79 20 61 20 60 60 6c 6f | 6f 6b 27 27 0a 76 65 63 |y a ``lo|ok''.vec|
|00001b60| 74 6f 72 2e 20 54 68 65 | 20 66 6f 75 72 20 73 69 |tor. The| four si|
|00001b70| 64 65 73 20 6f 66 20 74 | 68 65 20 70 79 72 61 6d |des of t|he pyram|
|00001b80| 69 64 20 61 72 65 20 64 | 69 66 66 65 72 65 6e 74 |id are d|ifferent|
|00001b90| 69 61 74 65 64 20 62 79 | 20 74 68 65 69 72 0a 72 |iated by| their.r|
|00001ba0| 65 6c 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 | 68 69 70 20 74 6f 20 61 |elations|hip to a|
|00001bb0| 20 72 65 66 65 72 65 6e | 63 65 20 60 60 75 70 27 | referen|ce ``up'|
|00001bc0| 27 20 76 65 63 74 6f 72 | 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 74 68 |' vector| from th|
|00001bd0| 65 20 63 61 6d 65 72 61 | 27 73 20 70 6f 73 69 74 |e camera|'s posit|
|00001be0| 69 6f 6e 2e 0a 0a 54 68 | 65 20 69 6d 61 67 65 20 |ion...Th|e image |
|00001bf0| 75 6c 74 69 6d 61 74 65 | 6c 79 20 70 72 6f 64 75 |ultimate|ly produ|
|00001c00| 63 65 64 20 62 79 20 72 | 61 79 73 68 61 64 65 20 |ced by r|ayshade |
|00001c10| 6d 61 79 20 74 68 65 6e | 20 62 65 20 74 68 6f 75 |may then| be thou|
|00001c20| 67 68 74 20 6f 66 20 61 | 73 20 74 68 65 0a 70 72 |ght of a|s the.pr|
|00001c30| 6f 6a 65 63 74 69 6f 6e | 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 |ojection| of the |
|00001c40| 6f 62 6a 65 63 74 73 20 | 63 6c 6f 73 65 73 74 20 |objects |closest |
|00001c50| 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 65 | 79 65 20 6f 6e 74 6f 20 |to the e|ye onto |
|00001c60| 61 20 20 72 65 63 74 61 | 6e 67 75 6c 61 72 20 73 |a recta|ngular s|
|00001c70| 63 72 65 65 6e 0a 66 6f | 72 6d 65 64 20 62 79 20 |creen.fo|rmed by |
|00001c80| 74 68 65 20 69 6e 74 65 | 72 73 65 63 74 69 6f 6e |the inte|rsection|
|00001c90| 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 | 70 79 72 61 6d 69 64 20 | of the |pyramid |
|00001ca0| 77 69 74 68 20 61 20 70 | 6c 61 6e 65 20 6f 72 74 |with a p|lane ort|
|00001cb0| 68 6f 67 6f 6e 61 6c 20 | 74 6f 20 74 68 65 0a 70 |hogonal |to the.p|
|00001cc0| 79 72 61 6d 69 64 27 73 | 20 61 78 69 73 2e 20 20 |yramid's| axis. |
|00001cd0| 54 68 65 20 6f 76 65 72 | 61 6c 6c 20 73 68 61 70 |The over|all shap|
|00001ce0| 65 20 6f 66 20 20 74 68 | 65 20 66 72 75 73 74 75 |e of th|e frustu|
|00001cf0| 6d 20 28 74 68 65 20 6c | 65 6e 67 74 68 73 20 6f |m (the l|engths o|
|00001d00| 66 20 74 68 65 20 74 6f | 70 0a 61 6e 64 20 62 6f |f the to|p.and bo|
|00001d10| 74 74 6f 6d 20 73 69 64 | 65 73 20 63 6f 6d 70 61 |ttom sid|es compa|
|00001d20| 72 65 64 20 74 6f 20 6c | 65 66 74 20 61 6e 64 20 |red to l|eft and |
|00001d30| 72 69 67 68 74 29 20 69 | 73 20 64 65 73 63 72 69 |right) i|s descri|
|00001d40| 62 65 64 20 62 79 20 74 | 68 65 20 68 6f 72 69 7a |bed by t|he horiz|
|00001d50| 6f 6e 74 61 6c 0a 61 6e | 64 20 76 65 72 74 69 63 |ontal.an|d vertic|
|00001d60| 61 6c 20 66 69 65 6c 64 | 73 20 20 6f 66 20 76 69 |al field|s of vi|
|00001d70| 65 77 2e 0a 0a 0a 50 6f | 73 69 74 69 6f 6e 20 0a |ew....Po|sition .|
|00001d80| 0a 54 68 65 20 74 68 72 | 65 65 20 62 61 73 69 63 |.The thr|ee basic|
|00001d90| 20 63 61 6d 65 72 61 20 | 70 72 6f 70 65 72 74 69 | camera |properti|
|00001da0| 65 73 20 61 72 65 20 69 | 74 73 20 70 6f 73 69 74 |es are i|ts posit|
|00001db0| 69 6f 6e 2c 20 74 68 65 | 20 64 69 72 65 63 74 69 |ion, the| directi|
|00001dc0| 6f 6e 20 69 6e 20 77 68 | 69 63 68 0a 69 74 20 69 |on in wh|ich.it i|
|00001dd0| 73 20 70 6f 69 6e 74 69 | 6e 67 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 |s pointi|ng, and |
|00001de0| 69 74 73 20 6f 72 69 65 | 6e 74 61 74 69 6f 6e 2e |its orie|ntation.|
|00001df0| 20 20 54 68 65 20 6b 65 | 79 77 6f 72 64 73 20 66 | The ke|ywords f|
|00001e00| 6f 72 20 20 73 70 65 63 | 69 66 79 69 6e 67 20 74 |or spec|ifying t|
|00001e10| 68 65 73 65 0a 76 61 6c | 75 65 73 20 61 72 65 20 |hese.val|ues are |
|00001e20| 64 65 73 63 72 69 62 65 | 64 20 62 65 6c 6f 77 2e |describe|d below.|
|00001e30| 20 54 68 65 20 64 65 66 | 61 75 6c 74 20 76 61 6c | The def|ault val|
|00001e40| 75 65 73 20 61 72 65 20 | 64 65 73 69 67 6e 65 64 |ues are |designed|
|00001e50| 20 74 6f 20 70 72 6f 76 | 69 64 65 20 61 0a 72 65 | to prov|ide a.re|
|00001e60| 61 73 6f 6e 61 62 6c 65 | 20 76 69 65 77 20 6f 66 |asonable| view of|
|00001e70| 20 61 20 73 70 68 65 72 | 65 20 6f 72 20 72 61 64 | a spher|e or rad|
|00001e80| 69 75 73 20 32 20 6c 6f | 63 61 74 65 64 20 61 74 |ius 2 lo|cated at|
|00001e90| 20 6f 72 69 67 69 6e 2e | 20 20 49 66 20 74 68 65 | origin.| If the|
|00001ea0| 73 65 20 64 65 66 61 75 | 6c 74 0a 76 61 6c 75 65 |se defau|lt.value|
|00001eb0| 73 20 61 72 65 20 20 75 | 73 65 64 2c 20 74 68 65 |s are u|sed, the|
|00001ec0| 20 6f 72 69 67 69 6e 20 | 69 73 20 70 72 6f 6a 65 | origin |is proje|
|00001ed0| 63 74 65 64 20 6f 6e 74 | 6f 20 74 68 65 20 63 65 |cted ont|o the ce|
|00001ee0| 6e 74 65 72 20 6f 66 20 | 74 68 65 20 69 6d 61 67 |nter of |the imag|
|00001ef0| 65 0a 70 6c 61 6e 65 2c | 20 77 69 74 68 20 74 68 |e.plane,| with th|
|00001f00| 65 20 77 6f 72 6c 64 20 | 78 20 61 78 69 73 20 20 |e world |x axis |
|00001f10| 72 75 6e 6e 69 6e 67 20 | 6c 65 66 74 2d 74 6f 2d |running |left-to-|
|00001f20| 72 69 67 68 74 2c 20 74 | 68 65 20 7a 20 61 78 69 |right, t|he z axi|
|00001f30| 73 20 62 6f 74 74 6f 6d | 2d 74 6f 2d 0a 74 6f 70 |s bottom|-to-.top|
|00001f40| 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 74 68 | 65 20 79 20 61 78 69 73 |, and th|e y axis|
|00001f50| 20 67 6f 69 6e 67 20 60 | 60 69 6e 74 6f 27 27 20 | going `|`into'' |
|00001f60| 74 68 65 20 73 63 72 65 | 65 6e 2e 0a 0a 65 79 65 |the scre|en...eye|
|00001f70| 70 20 20 65 76 65 63 20 | 28 70 6f 73 29 0a 20 50 |p evec |(pos). P|
|00001f80| 6c 61 63 65 20 74 68 65 | 20 76 69 72 74 75 61 6c |lace the| virtual|
|00001f90| 20 63 61 6d 65 72 61 20 | 61 74 20 74 68 65 20 67 | camera |at the g|
|00001fa0| 69 76 65 6e 20 70 6f 73 | 69 74 69 6f 6e 2e 0a 54 |iven pos|ition..T|
|00001fb0| 68 65 20 64 65 66 61 75 | 6c 74 20 63 61 6d 65 72 |he defau|lt camer|
|00001fc0| 61 20 70 6f 73 69 74 69 | 6f 6e 20 69 73 20 28 30 |a positi|on is (0|
|00001fd0| 2c 20 2d 38 2c 20 30 29 | 2e 0a 0a 6c 6f 6f 6b 70 |, -8, 0)|...lookp|
|00001fe0| 20 20 65 76 65 63 7b 70 | 6f 73 20 7d 0a 20 50 6f | evec{p|os }. Po|
|00001ff0| 69 6e 74 20 74 68 65 20 | 76 69 72 74 75 61 6c 20 |int the |virtual |
|00002000| 63 61 6d 65 72 61 20 74 | 6f 77 61 72 64 20 74 68 |camera t|oward th|
|00002010| 65 20 67 69 76 65 6e 20 | 70 6f 73 69 74 69 6f 6e |e given |position|
|00002020| 2e 20 54 68 65 20 64 65 | 66 61 75 6c 74 20 6c 6f |. The de|fault lo|
|00002030| 6f 6b 20 70 6f 69 6e 74 | 0a 69 73 20 74 68 65 20 |ok point|.is the |
|00002040| 6f 72 69 67 69 6e 20 28 | 30 2c 20 30 2c 20 30 29 |origin (|0, 0, 0)|
|00002050| 2e 20 20 54 68 65 20 6c | 6f 6f 6b 20 70 6f 69 6e |. The l|ook poin|
|00002060| 74 20 61 6e 64 20 63 61 | 6d 65 72 61 20 70 6f 73 |t and ca|mera pos|
|00002070| 69 74 69 6f 6e 20 6d 75 | 73 74 20 6e 6f 74 20 62 |ition mu|st not b|
|00002080| 65 0a 63 6f 69 6e 63 69 | 64 65 6e 74 2e 0a 0a 75 |e.coinci|dent...u|
|00002090| 70 20 20 65 76 65 63 7b | 64 69 72 65 63 74 69 6f |p evec{|directio|
|000020a0| 6e 20 7d 0a 20 54 68 65 | 20 60 60 75 70 27 27 20 |n }. The| ``up'' |
|000020b0| 76 65 63 74 6f 72 20 66 | 72 6f 6d 20 74 68 65 20 |vector f|rom the |
|000020c0| 63 61 6d 65 72 61 20 70 | 6f 69 6e 74 20 69 73 20 |camera p|oint is |
|000020d0| 73 65 74 20 74 6f 20 74 | 68 65 20 67 69 76 65 6e |set to t|he given|
|000020e0| 20 64 69 72 65 63 74 69 | 6f 6e 2e 20 54 68 69 73 | directi|on. This|
|000020f0| 0a 75 70 20 76 65 63 74 | 6f 72 20 6e 65 65 64 20 |.up vect|or need |
|00002100| 6e 6f 74 20 62 65 20 6f | 72 74 68 6f 67 6f 6e 61 |not be o|rthogona|
|00002110| 6c 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 | 20 76 69 65 77 20 76 65 |l to the| view ve|
|00002120| 63 74 6f 72 2c 20 6e 6f | 72 20 6e 65 65 64 20 69 |ctor, no|r need i|
|00002130| 74 20 62 65 0a 6e 6f 72 | 6d 61 6c 69 7a 65 64 2e |t be.nor|malized.|
|00002140| 20 20 54 68 65 20 64 65 | 66 61 75 6c 74 20 75 70 | The de|fault up|
|00002150| 20 64 69 72 65 63 74 69 | 6f 6e 20 69 73 20 28 30 | directi|on is (0|
|00002160| 2c 20 30 2c 20 31 29 2e | 0a 0a 41 6e 6f 74 68 65 |, 0, 1).|..Anothe|
|00002170| 72 20 70 6f 70 75 6c 61 | 72 20 73 74 61 6e 64 61 |r popula|r standa|
|00002180| 72 64 20 76 69 65 77 69 | 6e 67 20 67 65 6f 6d 65 |rd viewi|ng geome|
|00002190| 74 72 79 2c 20 77 69 74 | 68 20 74 68 65 20 78 20 |try, wit|h the x |
|000021a0| 61 78 69 73 20 72 75 6e | 6e 69 6e 67 0a 6c 65 66 |axis run|ning.lef|
|000021b0| 74 2d 74 6f 2d 72 69 67 | 68 74 2c 20 74 68 65 20 |t-to-rig|ht, the |
|000021c0| 79 20 61 78 69 73 20 62 | 6f 74 74 6f 6d 2d 74 6f |y axis b|ottom-to|
|000021d0| 2d 74 6f 70 2c 20 61 6e | 64 20 74 68 65 20 7a 20 |-top, an|d the z |
|000021e0| 61 78 69 73 20 70 6f 69 | 6e 74 69 6e 67 20 20 6f |axis poi|nting o|
|000021f0| 75 74 20 6f 66 20 74 68 | 65 0a 73 63 72 65 65 6e |ut of th|e.screen|
|00002200| 2c 20 6d 61 79 20 62 65 | 20 6f 62 74 61 69 6e 65 |, may be| obtaine|
|00002210| 64 20 62 79 20 73 65 74 | 74 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 |d by set|ting the|
|00002220| 20 75 70 20 76 65 63 74 | 6f 72 20 74 6f 20 28 30 | up vect|or to (0|
|00002230| 2c 20 31 2c 20 30 29 20 | 61 6e 64 20 62 79 20 70 |, 1, 0) |and by p|
|00002240| 6c 61 63 69 6e 67 0a 74 | 68 65 20 63 61 6d 65 72 |lacing.t|he camer|
|00002250| 61 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 | 20 70 6f 73 69 74 69 76 |a on the| positiv|
|00002260| 65 20 7a 20 61 78 69 73 | 2e 0a 0a 0a 56 69 65 77 |e z axis|....View|
|00002270| 0a 0a 41 6e 6f 74 68 65 | 72 20 69 6d 70 6f 72 74 |..Anothe|r import|
|00002280| 61 6e 74 20 63 68 6f 69 | 63 65 20 74 6f 20 62 65 |ant choi|ce to be|
|00002290| 20 6d 61 64 65 20 69 73 | 20 74 68 61 74 20 6f 66 | made is| that of|
|000022a0| 20 74 68 65 20 66 69 65 | 6c 64 20 6f 66 20 76 69 | the fie|ld of vi|
|000022b0| 65 77 20 6f 66 20 74 68 | 65 0a 63 61 6d 65 72 61 |ew of th|e.camera|
|000022c0| 2e 20 20 54 68 65 20 73 | 69 7a 65 20 6f 66 20 74 |. The s|ize of t|
|000022d0| 68 69 73 20 66 69 65 6c | 64 20 64 65 73 63 72 69 |his fiel|d descri|
|000022e0| 62 65 73 20 74 68 65 20 | 61 6e 67 6c 65 73 20 20 |bes the |angles |
|000022f0| 62 65 74 77 65 65 6e 20 | 74 68 65 20 6c 65 66 74 |between |the left|
|00002300| 20 61 6e 64 0a 72 69 67 | 68 74 20 73 69 64 65 73 | and.rig|ht sides|
|00002310| 20 61 6e 64 20 74 6f 70 | 20 61 6e 64 20 62 6f 74 | and top| and bot|
|00002320| 74 6f 6d 20 73 69 64 65 | 73 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 |tom side|sof the |
|00002330| 66 72 75 73 74 75 6d 2e | 0a 0a 66 6f 76 20 20 68 |frustum.|..fov h|
|00002340| 66 6f 76 2c 20 76 66 6f | 76 0a 20 53 70 65 63 69 |fov, vfo|v. Speci|
|00002350| 66 79 20 74 68 65 20 68 | 6f 72 69 7a 6f 6e 74 61 |fy the h|orizonta|
|00002360| 6c 20 61 6e 64 20 76 65 | 72 74 69 63 61 6c 20 66 |l and ve|rtical f|
|00002370| 69 65 6c 64 20 6f 66 20 | 76 69 65 77 2c 20 69 6e |ield of |view, in|
|00002380| 20 64 65 67 72 65 65 73 | 2e 20 54 68 65 20 64 65 | degrees|. The de|
|00002390| 66 61 75 6c 74 0a 68 6f | 72 69 7a 6f 6e 74 61 6c |fault.ho|rizontal|
|000023a0| 20 66 69 65 6c 64 20 6f | 66 20 76 69 65 77 20 69 | field o|f view i|
|000023b0| 73 20 34 35 20 64 65 67 | 72 65 65 73 2e 20 49 66 |s 45 deg|rees. If|
|000023c0| 20 7b 65 6d 20 76 66 6f | 76 7d 20 69 73 20 6f 6d | {em vfo|v} is om|
|000023d0| 69 74 74 65 64 2c 20 61 | 73 20 69 73 20 74 68 65 |itted, a|s is the|
|000023e0| 0a 67 65 6e 65 72 61 6c | 20 70 72 61 63 74 69 63 |.general| practic|
|000023f0| 65 2c 20 74 68 65 20 76 | 65 72 74 69 63 61 6c 20 |e, the v|ertical |
|00002400| 66 69 65 6c 64 20 6f 66 | 20 76 69 65 77 20 69 73 |field of| view is|
|00002410| 20 20 63 6f 6d 70 75 74 | 65 64 20 75 73 69 6e 67 | comput|ed using|
|00002420| 20 74 68 65 0a 68 6f 72 | 69 7a 6f 6e 74 61 6c 20 | the.hor|izontal |
|00002430| 66 69 65 6c 64 20 6f 66 | 20 76 69 65 77 2c 20 74 |field of| view, t|
|00002440| 68 65 20 6f 75 74 70 75 | 74 20 69 6d 61 67 65 20 |he outpu|t image |
|00002450| 72 65 73 6f 6c 75 74 69 | 6f 6e 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 |resoluti|on, and |
|00002460| 74 68 65 20 61 73 73 75 | 6d 70 74 69 6f 6e 0a 74 |the assu|mption.t|
|00002470| 68 61 74 20 61 20 70 69 | 78 65 6c 20 73 61 6d 70 |hat a pi|xel samp|
|00002480| 6c 65 73 20 61 20 73 71 | 75 61 72 65 20 61 72 65 |les a sq|uare are|
|00002490| 61 2e 20 20 20 54 68 75 | 73 2c 20 74 68 65 20 76 |a. Thu|s, the v|
|000024a0| 61 6c 75 65 73 20 70 61 | 73 73 65 64 20 76 69 61 |alues pa|ssed via|
|000024b0| 20 74 68 65 20 73 63 72 | 65 65 6e 0a 6b 65 79 77 | the scr|een.keyw|
|000024c0| 6f 72 64 20 64 65 66 69 | 6e 65 20 74 68 65 20 73 |ord defi|ne the s|
|000024d0| 68 61 70 65 20 6f 66 20 | 74 68 65 20 66 69 6e 61 |hape of |the fina|
|000024e0| 6c 20 69 6d 61 67 65 2e | 20 49 66 20 79 6f 75 20 |l image.| If you |
|000024f0| 61 72 65 20 64 69 73 70 | 6c 61 79 69 6e 67 20 6f |are disp|laying o|
|00002500| 6e 20 61 0a 6e 6f 6e 2d | 73 71 75 61 72 65 20 70 |n a.non-|square p|
|00002510| 69 78 65 6c 65 64 20 20 | 64 65 76 69 63 65 2c 20 |ixeled |device, |
|00002520| 79 6f 75 20 6d 75 73 74 | 20 73 65 74 20 74 68 65 |you must| set the|
|00002530| 20 76 65 72 74 69 63 61 | 6c 20 66 69 65 6c 64 20 | vertica|l field |
|00002540| 6f 66 20 76 69 65 77 20 | 74 6f 0a 63 6f 6d 70 65 |of view |to.compe|
|00002550| 6e 73 61 74 65 20 66 6f | 72 20 74 68 65 20 60 60 |nsate fo|r the ``|
|00002560| 73 71 75 61 73 68 69 6e | 67 27 27 20 74 68 61 74 |squashin|g'' that|
|00002570| 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 72 65 | 73 75 6c 74 2e 0a 0a 0a | will re|sult....|
|00002580| 46 69 65 6c 64 0a 0a 55 | 6e 64 65 72 20 6d 61 6e |Field..U|nder man|
|00002590| 79 20 63 69 72 63 75 6d | 73 74 61 6e 63 65 73 2c |y circum|stances,|
|000025a0| 20 69 74 20 69 73 20 64 | 65 73 69 72 61 62 6c 65 | it is d|esirable|
|000025b0| 20 74 6f 20 72 65 6e 64 | 65 72 20 6f 62 6a 65 63 | to rend|er objec|
|000025c0| 74 73 20 69 6e 20 74 68 | 65 20 69 6d 61 67 65 0a |ts in th|e image.|
|000025d0| 73 75 63 68 74 68 61 74 | 20 74 68 65 79 20 61 72 |suchthat| they ar|
|000025e0| 65 20 69 6e 20 73 68 61 | 72 70 20 66 6f 63 75 73 |e in sha|rp focus|
|000025f0| 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 20 | 69 6d 61 67 65 20 70 6c | on the |image pl|
|00002600| 61 6e 65 2e 20 20 20 54 | 68 69 73 20 69 73 20 61 |ane. T|his is a|
|00002610| 63 68 69 65 76 65 64 20 | 62 79 0a 75 73 69 6e 67 |chieved |by.using|
|00002620| 20 74 68 65 20 64 65 66 | 61 75 6c 74 20 60 60 70 | the def|ault ``p|
|00002630| 69 6e 68 6f 6c 65 27 20 | 63 61 6d 65 72 61 2e 20 |inhole' |camera. |
|00002640| 20 49 6e 20 74 68 69 73 | 20 6d 6f 64 65 2c 20 74 | In this| mode, t|
|00002650| 68 65 20 63 61 6d 65 72 | 61 27 73 20 61 70 65 72 |he camer|a's aper|
|00002660| 74 75 72 65 20 69 73 0a | 61 20 73 69 6e 67 6c 65 |ture is.|a single|
|00002670| 20 70 6f 69 6e 74 2c 20 | 61 6e 64 20 61 6c 6c 20 | point, |and all |
|00002680| 6c 69 67 68 74 20 72 61 | 79 73 20 61 72 65 20 20 |light ra|ys are |
|00002690| 66 6f 63 75 73 65 64 20 | 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 20 69 |focused |on the i|
|000026a0| 6d 61 67 65 20 70 6c 61 | 6e 65 2e 0a 0a 41 6c 74 |mage pla|ne...Alt|
|000026b0| 65 72 6e 61 74 69 76 65 | 6c 79 2c 20 6f 6e 65 20 |ernative|ly, one |
|000026c0| 6d 61 79 20 77 69 64 65 | 6e 20 74 68 65 20 61 70 |may wide|n the ap|
|000026d0| 65 72 74 75 72 65 20 69 | 6e 20 6f 72 64 65 72 20 |erture i|n order |
|000026e0| 74 6f 20 73 69 6d 75 6c | 61 74 65 20 64 65 70 74 |to simul|ate dept|
|000026f0| 68 20 6f 66 0a 66 69 65 | 6c 64 2e 20 49 6e 20 74 |h of.fie|ld. In t|
|00002700| 68 69 73 20 63 61 73 65 | 2c 20 72 61 79 73 20 61 |his case|, rays a|
|00002710| 72 65 20 63 61 73 74 20 | 66 72 6f 6d 20 76 61 72 |re cast |from var|
|00002720| 69 6f 75 73 20 70 6c 61 | 63 65 73 20 6f 6e 20 74 |ious pla|ces on t|
|00002730| 68 65 20 20 61 70 65 72 | 74 75 72 65 20 64 69 73 |he aper|ture dis|
|00002740| 6b 0a 74 6f 77 61 72 64 | 73 20 61 20 70 6f 69 6e |k.toward|s a poin|
|00002750| 74 20 77 68 6f 73 65 20 | 64 69 73 74 61 6e 63 65 |t whose |distance|
|00002760| 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 74 68 | 65 20 63 61 6d 65 72 61 | from th|e camera|
|00002770| 20 69 73 20 65 71 75 61 | 6c 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 | is equa|l to the|
|00002780| 20 66 6f 63 75 73 0a 64 | 69 73 74 61 6e 63 65 2e | focus.d|istance.|
|00002790| 20 20 4f 62 6a 65 63 74 | 73 20 74 68 61 74 20 6c | Object|s that l|
|000027a0| 61 79 20 69 6e 20 74 68 | 65 20 66 6f 63 61 6c 20 |ay in th|e focal |
|000027b0| 70 6c 61 6e 65 20 20 77 | 69 6c 6c 20 62 65 20 69 |plane w|ill be i|
|000027c0| 6e 20 73 68 61 72 70 20 | 66 6f 63 75 73 2e 20 20 |n sharp |focus. |
|000027d0| 54 68 65 0a 66 61 72 74 | 68 65 72 20 61 6e 20 6f |The.fart|her an o|
|000027e0| 62 6a 65 63 74 20 69 73 | 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 74 68 |bject is| from th|
|000027f0| 65 20 69 6d 61 67 65 20 | 70 6c 61 6e 65 2c 20 74 |e image |plane, t|
|00002800| 68 65 20 6d 6f 72 65 20 | 6f 75 74 2d 6f 66 2d 66 |he more |out-of-f|
|00002810| 6f 63 75 73 20 69 74 20 | 77 69 6c 6c 0a 61 70 70 |ocus it |will.app|
|00002820| 65 61 72 20 74 6f 20 62 | 65 2e 20 41 20 77 69 64 |ear to b|e. A wid|
|00002830| 65 72 20 61 70 65 72 74 | 75 72 65 20 20 77 69 6c |er apert|ure wil|
|00002840| 6c 20 6c 65 61 64 20 74 | 6f 20 61 20 67 72 65 61 |l lead t|o a grea|
|00002850| 74 65 72 20 62 6c 75 72 | 72 69 6e 67 20 6f 66 20 |ter blur|ring of |
|00002860| 6f 62 6a 65 63 74 73 0a | 74 68 61 74 20 64 6f 20 |objects.|that do |
|00002870| 6e 6f 74 20 6c 61 79 20 | 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 66 |not lay |in the f|
|00002880| 6f 63 61 6c 20 70 6c 61 | 6e 65 2e 20 57 68 65 6e |ocal pla|ne. When|
|00002890| 20 75 73 69 6e 67 20 61 | 20 6e 6f 6e 2d 7a 65 72 | using a| non-zer|
|000028a0| 6f 20 61 70 65 72 74 75 | 72 65 20 72 61 64 69 75 |o apertu|re radiu|
|000028b0| 73 2c 0a 69 74 20 69 73 | 20 62 65 73 74 20 74 6f |s,.it is| best to|
|000028c0| 20 75 73 65 20 20 6a 69 | 74 74 65 72 65 64 20 73 | use ji|ttered s|
|000028d0| 61 6d 70 6c 69 6e 67 20 | 69 6e 20 6f 72 64 65 72 |ampling |in order|
|000028e0| 20 74 6f 20 72 65 64 75 | 63 65 20 61 6c 69 61 73 | to redu|ce alias|
|000028f0| 69 6e 67 2e 0a 0a 61 70 | 65 72 74 75 72 65 20 20 |ing...ap|erture |
|00002900| 72 61 64 69 75 73 0a 20 | 55 73 65 20 61 6e 20 61 |radius. |Use an a|
|00002910| 70 65 72 74 75 72 65 20 | 77 69 74 68 20 74 68 65 |perture |with the|
|00002920| 20 67 69 76 65 6e 20 72 | 61 64 69 75 73 2e 20 54 | given r|adius. T|
|00002930| 68 65 20 64 65 66 61 75 | 6c 74 20 72 61 64 69 75 |he defau|lt radiu|
|00002940| 73 20 69 73 20 7a 65 72 | 6f 2c 0a 72 65 73 75 6c |s is zer|o,.resul|
|00002950| 74 69 6e 67 20 69 6e 20 | 61 20 70 69 6e 68 6f 6c |ting in |a pinhol|
|00002960| 65 20 63 61 6d 65 72 61 | 20 6d 6f 64 65 6c 2e 0a |e camera| model..|
|00002970| 0a 66 6f 63 61 6c 64 69 | 73 74 20 20 64 69 73 74 |.focaldi|st dist|
|00002980| 61 6e 63 65 0a 20 53 65 | 74 20 74 68 65 20 66 6f |ance. Se|t the fo|
|00002990| 63 61 6c 20 70 6c 61 6e | 65 20 74 6f 20 62 65 20 |cal plan|e to be |
|000029a0| 64 69 73 74 61 6e 63 65 | 20 75 6e 69 74 73 20 66 |distance| units f|
|000029b0| 72 6f 6d 20 74 68 65 20 | 63 61 6d 65 72 61 2e 20 |rom the |camera. |
|000029c0| 42 79 20 64 65 66 61 75 | 6c 74 2c 20 74 68 65 0a |By defau|lt, the.|
|000029d0| 66 6f 63 61 6c 20 64 69 | 73 74 61 6e 63 65 20 69 |focal di|stance i|
|000029e0| 73 20 65 71 75 61 6c 20 | 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 64 |s equal |to the d|
|000029f0| 69 73 74 61 6e 63 65 20 | 66 72 6f 6d 20 74 68 65 |istance |from the|
|00002a00| 20 63 61 6d 65 72 61 20 | 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 6c | camera |to the l|
|00002a10| 6f 6f 6b 20 70 6f 69 6e | 74 2e 0a 0a 0a 52 65 6e |ook poin|t....Ren|
|00002a20| 64 65 72 69 6e 67 20 0a | 0a 50 72 6f 64 75 63 69 |dering .|.Produci|
|00002a30| 6e 67 20 61 20 73 74 65 | 72 65 6f 20 70 61 69 72 |ng a ste|reo pair|
|00002a40| 20 69 73 20 61 20 72 65 | 6c 61 74 69 76 65 6c 79 | is a re|latively|
|00002a50| 20 73 69 6d 70 6c 65 20 | 70 72 6f 63 65 73 73 3b | simple |process;|
|00002a60| 20 72 61 74 68 65 72 20 | 74 68 61 6e 20 73 69 6d | rather |than sim|
|00002a70| 70 6c 79 0a 72 65 6e 64 | 65 72 69 6e 67 20 61 20 |ply.rend|ering a |
|00002a80| 73 69 6e 67 6c 65 20 69 | 6d 61 67 65 2c 20 6f 6e |single i|mage, on|
|00002a90| 65 20 63 72 65 61 74 65 | 73 20 74 77 6f 20 72 65 |e create|s two re|
|00002aa0| 6c 61 74 65 64 20 69 6d | 61 67 65 73 20 20 77 68 |lated im|ages wh|
|00002ab0| 69 63 68 20 6d 61 79 20 | 74 68 65 6e 20 62 65 0a |ich may |then be.|
|00002ac0| 76 69 65 77 65 64 20 6f | 6e 20 61 20 73 74 65 72 |viewed o|n a ster|
|00002ad0| 65 6f 20 6d 6f 6e 69 74 | 6f 72 2c 20 69 6e 20 61 |eo monit|or, in a|
|00002ae0| 20 73 74 65 72 65 6f 20 | 73 6c 69 64 65 20 76 69 | stereo |slide vi|
|00002af0| 65 77 65 72 2c 20 6f 72 | 20 62 79 20 75 73 69 6e |ewer, or| by usin|
|00002b00| 67 20 63 6f 6c 6f 72 65 | 64 0a 67 6c 61 73 73 65 |g colore|d.glasse|
|00002b10| 73 20 61 6e 64 20 61 6e | 20 61 70 70 72 6f 70 72 |s and an| appropr|
|00002b20| 69 61 74 65 20 64 69 73 | 70 6c 61 79 20 20 66 69 |iate dis|play fi|
|00002b30| 6c 74 65 72 2e 0a 0a 52 | 61 79 73 68 61 64 65 20 |lter...R|ayshade |
|00002b40| 66 61 63 69 6c 69 74 61 | 74 65 73 20 74 68 65 20 |facilita|tes the |
|00002b50| 72 65 6e 64 65 69 6e 67 | 20 6f 66 20 73 74 65 72 |rendeing| of ster|
|00002b60| 65 6f 20 70 61 69 72 73 | 20 62 79 20 61 6c 6c 6f |eo pairs| by allo|
|00002b70| 77 69 6e 67 20 79 6f 75 | 20 74 6f 20 73 70 65 63 |wing you| to spec|
|00002b80| 69 66 79 0a 74 68 65 20 | 64 69 73 74 61 6e 63 65 |ify.the |distance|
|00002b90| 20 62 65 74 77 65 65 6e | 20 74 68 65 20 63 61 6d | between| the cam|
|00002ba0| 65 72 61 20 70 6f 73 69 | 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 75 73 |era posi|tions us|
|00002bb0| 65 64 20 69 6e 20 20 63 | 72 65 61 74 69 6e 67 20 |ed in c|reating |
|00002bc0| 74 68 65 20 74 77 6f 20 | 69 6d 61 67 65 73 2e 0a |the two |images..|
|00002bd0| 54 68 65 20 63 61 6d 65 | 72 61 20 70 6f 73 69 74 |The came|ra posit|
|00002be0| 69 6f 6e 20 67 69 76 65 | 6e 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 |ion give|n in the|
|00002bf0| 20 72 61 79 73 68 61 64 | 65 20 69 6e 70 75 74 20 | rayshad|e input |
|00002c00| 66 69 6c 65 20 64 65 66 | 69 6e 65 73 20 74 68 65 |file def|ines the|
|00002c10| 20 6d 69 64 70 6f 69 6e | 74 0a 62 65 74 77 65 65 | midpoin|t.betwee|
|00002c20| 6e 20 74 68 65 20 74 77 | 6f 20 63 61 6d 65 72 61 |n the tw|o camera|
|00002c30| 20 20 20 70 6f 73 69 74 | 69 6f 6e 73 20 75 73 65 | posit|ions use|
|00002c40| 64 20 74 6f 20 67 65 6e | 65 72 61 74 65 20 74 68 |d to gen|erate th|
|00002c50| 65 20 69 6d 61 67 65 73 | 2e 20 47 65 6e 65 72 61 |e images|. Genera|
|00002c60| 6c 6c 79 2c 0a 74 68 65 | 20 72 65 6d 61 69 6e 64 |lly,.the| remaind|
|00002c70| 65 72 20 6f 66 20 74 68 | 65 20 76 69 65 77 69 6e |er of th|e viewin|
|00002c80| 67 20 70 61 72 61 6d 65 | 74 65 72 73 20 61 72 65 |g parame|ters are|
|00002c90| 20 6b 65 70 74 20 63 6f | 6e 73 74 61 6e 74 2e 0a | kept co|nstant..|
|00002ca0| 0a 65 79 65 73 65 70 20 | 20 73 65 70 61 72 61 74 |.eyesep | separat|
|00002cb0| 69 6f 6e 0a 20 53 70 65 | 63 69 66 69 65 73 20 74 |ion. Spe|cifies t|
|00002cc0| 68 65 20 63 61 6d 65 72 | 61 20 73 65 70 61 72 61 |he camer|a separa|
|00002cd0| 74 69 6f 6e 20 74 6f 20 | 62 65 20 75 73 65 64 20 |tion to |be used |
|00002ce0| 69 6e 20 72 65 6e 64 65 | 72 69 6e 67 20 73 74 65 |in rende|ring ste|
|00002cf0| 72 65 6f 20 70 61 69 72 | 73 2e 20 54 68 65 72 65 |reo pair|s. There|
|00002d00| 0a 69 73 20 6e 6f 20 64 | 65 66 61 75 6c 74 20 76 |.is no d|efault v|
|00002d10| 61 6c 75 65 2e 20 54 68 | 65 20 73 65 70 61 72 61 |alue. Th|e separa|
|00002d20| 74 69 6f 6e 20 6d 61 79 | 20 61 6c 73 6f 20 62 65 |tion may| also be|
|00002d30| 20 73 70 65 63 69 66 69 | 65 64 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 | specifi|ed on th|
|00002d40| 65 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e | 64 0a 6c 69 6e 65 20 74 |e comman|d.line t|
|00002d50| 68 72 6f 75 67 68 20 74 | 68 65 20 2d 45 20 6f 70 |hrough t|he -E op|
|00002d60| 74 69 6f 6e 2e 20 54 68 | 65 20 76 69 65 77 20 74 |tion. Th|e view t|
|00002d70| 6f 20 62 65 20 20 72 65 | 6e 64 65 72 65 64 20 28 |o be re|ndered (|
|00002d80| 6c 65 66 74 20 6f 72 20 | 72 69 67 68 74 29 20 6d |left or |right) m|
|00002d90| 75 73 74 20 62 65 0a 73 | 70 65 63 69 66 69 65 64 |ust be.s|pecified|
|00002da0| 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 20 | 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 20 | on the |command |
|00002db0| 6c 69 6e 65 20 62 79 20 | 75 73 69 6e 67 20 74 68 |line by |using th|
|00002dc0| 65 20 2d 6c 20 6f 72 20 | 2d 72 20 6f 70 74 69 6f |e -l or |-r optio|
|00002dd0| 6e 73 2e 0a 0a 54 68 65 | 72 65 20 61 72 65 20 73 |ns...The|re are s|
|00002de0| 65 76 65 72 61 6c 20 74 | 68 69 6e 67 73 20 74 6f |everal t|hings to|
|00002df0| 20 6b 65 65 70 20 69 6e | 20 6d 69 6e 64 20 77 68 | keep in| mind wh|
|00002e00| 65 6e 20 67 65 6e 65 72 | 61 74 69 6e 67 20 73 74 |en gener|ating st|
|00002e10| 65 72 65 6f 20 70 61 69 | 72 73 2e 0a 46 69 72 73 |ereo pai|rs..Firs|
|00002e20| 74 6c 79 2c 20 74 68 6f | 73 65 20 6f 62 6a 65 63 |tly, tho|se objec|
|00002e30| 74 73 20 74 68 61 74 20 | 6c 69 65 20 69 6e 20 66 |ts that |lie in f|
|00002e40| 72 6f 6d 20 6f 66 20 74 | 68 65 20 66 6f 63 61 6c |rom of t|he focal|
|00002e50| 20 70 6c 61 6e 65 20 20 | 77 69 6c 6c 20 61 70 70 | plane |will app|
|00002e60| 65 61 72 20 74 6f 0a 70 | 72 6f 74 72 75 64 65 20 |ear to.p|rotrude |
|00002e70| 66 72 6f 6d 20 74 68 65 | 20 73 63 72 65 65 6e 20 |from the| screen |
|00002e80| 77 68 65 6e 20 76 69 65 | 77 65 64 20 69 6e 20 73 |when vie|wed in s|
|00002e90| 74 65 72 65 6f 2c 20 77 | 68 69 6c 65 20 6f 62 6a |tereo, w|hile obj|
|00002ea0| 65 63 74 73 20 66 61 72 | 74 68 65 72 20 74 68 61 |ects far|ther tha|
|00002eb0| 6e 0a 74 68 65 20 66 6f | 63 61 6c 20 70 6c 61 6e |n.the fo|cal plan|
|00002ec0| 65 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 72 | 65 63 65 64 65 20 69 6e |e will r|ecede in|
|00002ed0| 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 20 | 73 63 72 65 65 6e 2e 20 |to the |screen. |
|00002ee0| 20 41 73 20 69 74 20 69 | 73 20 75 73 75 61 6c 6c | As it i|s usuall|
|00002ef0| 79 20 65 61 73 69 65 72 | 20 74 6f 0a 6c 6f 6f 6b |y easier| to.look|
|00002f00| 20 61 74 20 73 74 65 72 | 65 6f 20 69 6d 61 67 65 | at ster|eo image|
|00002f10| 73 20 74 68 61 74 20 72 | 65 63 65 64 65 20 69 6e |s that r|ecede in|
|00002f20| 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 73 | 63 72 65 65 6e 2c 20 79 |to the s|creen, y|
|00002f30| 6f 75 20 77 69 6c 6c 75 | 73 75 61 6c 6c 79 20 77 |ou willu|sually w|
|00002f40| 61 6e 74 20 74 6f 0a 70 | 6c 61 63 65 20 74 68 65 |ant to.p|lace the|
|00002f50| 20 6c 6f 6f 6b 20 70 6f | 69 6e 74 20 20 63 6c 6f | look po|int clo|
|00002f60| 73 65 72 20 74 6f 20 74 | 68 65 20 63 61 6d 65 72 |ser to t|he camer|
|00002f70| 61 20 74 68 61 6e 20 74 | 68 65 20 6f 62 6a 65 63 |a than t|he objec|
|00002f80| 74 6f 66 20 20 70 72 69 | 6d 61 72 79 0a 69 6e 74 |tof pri|mary.int|
|00002f90| 65 72 65 73 74 2e 0a 0a | 54 68 65 20 64 65 67 72 |erest...|The degr|
|00002fa0| 65 65 20 6f 66 20 73 74 | 65 72 65 6f 20 65 66 66 |ee of st|ereo eff|
|00002fb0| 65 63 74 20 69 73 20 61 | 20 66 75 6e 63 74 69 6f |ect is a| functio|
|00002fc0| 6e 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 | 20 63 61 6d 65 72 61 20 |n of the| camera |
|00002fd0| 73 65 70 61 72 61 74 69 | 6f 6e 20 61 6e 64 20 74 |separati|on and t|
|00002fe0| 68 65 0a 64 69 73 74 61 | 6e 63 65 20 66 72 6f 6d |he.dista|nce from|
|00002ff0| 20 74 68 65 20 63 61 6d | 65 72 61 20 74 6f 20 74 | the cam|era to t|
|00003000| 68 65 20 6c 6f 6f 6b 20 | 70 6f 69 6e 74 2e 20 54 |he look |point. T|
|00003010| 6f 6f 20 6c 61 72 67 65 | 20 61 20 20 73 65 70 61 |oo large| a sepa|
|00003020| 72 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 77 | 69 6c 6c 0a 72 65 73 75 |ration w|ill.resu|
|00003030| 6c 74 20 69 6e 20 61 20 | 68 79 70 65 72 73 74 65 |lt in a |hyperste|
|00003040| 72 65 6f 20 65 66 66 65 | 63 74 20 74 68 61 74 20 |reo effe|ct that |
|00003050| 77 69 6c 6c 20 62 65 20 | 68 61 72 64 20 74 6f 20 |will be |hard to |
|00003060| 72 65 73 6f 6c 76 65 2c | 20 77 68 69 6c 65 20 74 |resolve,| while t|
|00003070| 6f 6f 0a 6c 69 74 74 6c | 65 20 61 20 76 61 6c 75 |oo.littl|e a valu|
|00003080| 65 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 72 | 65 73 75 6c 74 20 69 6e |e will r|esult in|
|00003090| 20 6e 6f 20 73 74 65 72 | 65 6f 20 65 66 66 65 63 | no ster|eo effec|
|000030a0| 74 20 61 74 20 20 61 6c | 6c 2e 20 20 41 20 73 65 |t at al|l. A se|
|000030b0| 70 61 72 61 74 69 6f 6e | 20 65 71 75 61 6c 0a 74 |paration| equal.t|
|000030c0| 6f 20 6f 6e 65 20 74 65 | 6e 74 68 20 74 68 65 20 |o one te|nth the |
|000030d0| 64 69 73 74 61 6e 63 65 | 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 74 68 |distance| from th|
|000030e0| 65 20 63 61 6d 65 72 61 | 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 |e camera| to the |
|000030f0| 6c 6f 6f 6b 20 70 6f 69 | 6e 74 20 69 73 20 6f 66 |look poi|nt is of|
|00003100| 74 65 6e 20 61 20 67 6f | 6f 64 0a 63 68 6f 69 63 |ten a go|od.choic|
|00003110| 65 2e 0a 0a 0a 53 75 72 | 66 61 63 65 73 0a 0a 53 |e....Sur|faces..S|
|00003120| 75 72 66 61 63 65 73 20 | 61 72 65 20 75 73 65 64 |urfaces |are used|
|00003130| 20 74 6f 20 63 6f 6e 74 | 72 6f 6c 20 74 68 65 20 | to cont|rol the |
|00003140| 69 6e 74 65 72 61 63 74 | 69 6f 6e 20 62 65 74 77 |interact|ion betw|
|00003150| 65 65 6e 20 6c 69 67 68 | 74 20 73 6f 75 72 63 65 |een ligh|t source|
|00003160| 73 0a 61 6e 64 6f 62 6a | 65 63 74 73 2e 20 20 41 |s.andobj|ects. A|
|00003170| 20 73 75 72 66 61 63 65 | 20 73 70 65 63 69 66 69 | surface| specifi|
|00003180| 63 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 63 | 6f 6e 73 69 73 74 73 20 |cation c|onsists |
|00003190| 6f 66 20 69 6e 66 6f 72 | 6d 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 20 |of infor|mation |
|000031a0| 61 62 6f 75 74 20 68 6f | 77 20 74 68 65 0a 6c 69 |about ho|w the.li|
|000031b0| 67 68 74 20 69 6e 74 65 | 72 61 63 74 73 20 77 69 |ght inte|racts wi|
|000031c0| 74 68 20 62 6f 74 68 20 | 74 68 65 20 65 78 74 65 |th both |the exte|
|000031d0| 72 69 6f 72 20 61 6e 64 | 20 69 6e 74 65 72 69 6f |rior and| interio|
|000031e0| 72 20 6f 66 20 61 6e 20 | 6f 62 6a 65 63 74 20 2e |r of an |object .|
|000031f0| 20 46 6f 72 0a 6e 6f 6e | 2d 63 6c 6f 73 65 64 20 | For.non|-closed |
|00003200| 6f 62 6a 65 63 74 73 2c | 20 73 75 63 68 20 61 73 |objects,| such as|
|00003210| 20 70 6f 6c 79 67 6f 6e | 73 2c 20 74 68 65 20 60 | polygon|s, the `|
|00003220| 60 69 6e 74 65 72 69 6f | 72 27 27 20 6f 66 20 61 |`interio|r'' of a|
|00003230| 6e 20 6f 62 6a 65 63 74 | 20 69 73 20 74 68 65 0a |n object| is the.|
|00003240| 60 60 6f 74 68 65 72 20 | 73 69 64 65 27 27 20 6f |``other |side'' o|
|00003250| 66 20 74 68 65 20 6f 62 | 6a 65 63 74 27 73 20 73 |f the ob|ject's s|
|00003260| 75 72 66 61 63 65 20 72 | 65 6c 61 74 69 76 65 20 |urface r|elative |
|00003270| 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 20 | 6f 72 69 67 69 6e 20 6f |to the |origin o|
|00003280| 66 20 61 20 72 61 79 2e | 0a 0a 52 61 79 73 68 61 |f a ray.|..Raysha|
|00003290| 64 65 20 75 73 75 61 6c | 6c 79 20 65 6e 73 75 72 |de usual|ly ensur|
|000032a0| 65 73 20 74 68 61 74 20 | 61 20 70 72 69 6d 69 74 |es that |a primit|
|000032b0| 69 76 65 27 73 20 73 75 | 72 66 61 63 65 20 6e 6f |ive's su|rface no|
|000032c0| 72 6d 61 6c 20 69 73 20 | 70 6f 69 6e 74 69 6e 67 |rmal is |pointing|
|000032d0| 0a 74 6f 77 61 72 64 73 | 20 74 68 65 20 6f 72 69 |.towards| the ori|
|000032e0| 67 69 6e 20 6f 66 20 74 | 68 65 20 69 6e 63 69 64 |gin of t|he incid|
|000032f0| 65 6e 74 20 72 61 79 20 | 77 68 65 6e 20 70 65 72 |ent ray |when per|
|00003300| 66 6f 72 6d 69 6e 67 20 | 20 73 68 61 64 69 6e 67 |forming | shading|
|00003310| 0a 63 61 6c 63 75 6c 61 | 74 69 6f 6e 73 2e 20 20 |.calcula|tions. |
|00003320| 45 78 63 65 70 74 69 6f | 6e 73 20 74 6f 20 74 68 |Exceptio|ns to th|
|00003330| 69 73 20 72 75 6c 65 20 | 61 72 65 20 74 72 61 6e |is rule |are tran|
|00003340| 73 70 61 72 65 6e 74 20 | 70 72 69 6d 69 74 69 76 |sparent |primitiv|
|00003350| 65 73 2c 20 66 6f 72 20 | 77 68 69 63 68 0a 72 61 |es, for |which.ra|
|00003360| 79 73 68 61 64 65 20 75 | 73 65 73 20 74 68 65 20 |yshade u|ses the |
|00003370| 64 69 72 65 63 74 69 6f | 6e 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 |directio|n of the|
|00003380| 20 73 75 72 66 61 63 65 | 20 20 6e 6f 72 6d 61 6c | surface| normal|
|00003390| 20 74 6f 20 64 65 74 65 | 72 6d 69 6e 65 20 69 66 | to dete|rmine if|
|000033a0| 20 74 68 65 0a 69 6e 63 | 69 64 65 6e 74 20 72 61 | the.inc|ident ra|
|000033b0| 79 20 69 73 20 65 6e 74 | 65 72 69 6e 67 20 6f 72 |y is ent|ering or|
|000033c0| 20 65 78 69 74 69 6e 67 | 20 74 68 65 20 6f 62 6a | exiting| the obj|
|000033d0| 65 63 74 2e 20 41 6c 6c | 20 6e 6f 6e 2d 74 72 61 |ect. All| non-tra|
|000033e0| 6e 73 70 61 72 65 6e 74 | 0a 70 72 69 6d 69 74 69 |nsparent|.primiti|
|000033f0| 76 65 73 20 77 69 6c 6c | 2c 20 69 6e 20 65 66 66 |ves will|, in eff|
|00003400| 65 63 74 2c 20 62 65 20 | 64 6f 75 62 6c 65 2d 20 |ect, be |double- |
|00003410| 73 69 64 65 64 2e 0a 0a | 0a 64 65 73 63 72 69 70 |sided...|.descrip|
|00003420| 74 69 6f 6e 20 0a 0a 41 | 20 73 75 72 66 61 63 65 |tion ..A| surface|
|00003430| 20 64 65 66 69 6e 69 74 | 69 6f 6e 20 63 6f 6e 73 | definit|ion cons|
|00003440| 69 73 74 73 20 6f 66 20 | 61 20 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 |ists of |a number|
|00003450| 20 6f 66 20 63 6f 6d 70 | 6f 6e 65 6e 74 20 6b 65 | of comp|onent ke|
|00003460| 79 77 6f 72 64 73 2c 20 | 65 61 63 68 20 6f 66 0a |ywords, |each of.|
|00003470| 77 68 69 63 68 20 69 73 | 20 75 73 75 61 6c 6c 79 |which is| usually|
|00003480| 20 66 6f 6c 6c 6f 77 65 | 64 20 62 79 20 65 69 74 | followe|d by eit|
|00003490| 68 65 72 20 61 20 73 69 | 6e 67 6c 65 20 6e 75 6d |her a si|ngle num|
|000034a0| 62 65 72 20 6f 72 20 20 | 61 20 72 65 64 2d 67 72 |ber or |a red-gr|
|000034b0| 65 65 6e 2d 62 6c 75 65 | 0a 63 6f 6c 6f 72 20 74 |een-blue|.color t|
|000034c0| 72 69 70 6c 65 2e 20 20 | 20 45 61 63 68 20 6f 66 |riple. | Each of|
|000034d0| 20 74 68 65 20 76 61 6c | 75 65 73 20 69 6e 20 74 | the val|ues in t|
|000034e0| 68 65 20 63 6f 6c 6f 72 | 20 74 72 69 70 6c 65 20 |he color| triple |
|000034f0| 61 72 65 20 6e 6f 72 6d | 61 6c 69 7a 65 64 2c 20 |are norm|alized, |
|00003500| 77 69 74 68 0a 7a 65 72 | 6f 20 69 6e 64 69 63 61 |with.zer|o indica|
|00003510| 74 69 6e 67 20 7a 65 72 | 6f 20 69 6e 74 65 6e 73 |ting zer|o intens|
|00003520| 69 74 79 2c 20 61 6e 64 | 20 6f 6e 65 20 20 69 6e |ity, and| one in|
|00003530| 64 69 63 61 74 69 6e 67 | 20 66 75 6c 6c 20 69 6e |dicating| full in|
|00003540| 74 65 6e 73 69 74 79 2e | 20 49 66 20 61 6e 79 0a |tensity.| If any.|
|00003550| 73 75 72 66 61 63 65 20 | 63 6f 6d 70 6f 6e 65 6e |surface |componen|
|00003560| 74 20 69 73 20 6c 65 66 | 74 20 75 6e 73 70 65 63 |t is lef|t unspec|
|00003570| 69 66 69 65 64 2c 20 69 | 74 73 20 76 61 6c 75 65 |ified, i|ts value|
|00003580| 20 64 65 66 61 75 6c 74 | 73 20 74 6f 20 7a 65 72 | default|s to zer|
|00003590| 6f 2c 20 77 69 74 68 20 | 74 68 65 0a 65 78 63 65 |o, with |the.exce|
|000035a0| 70 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 | 20 74 68 65 20 69 6e 64 |ption of| the ind|
|000035b0| 65 78 20 6f 66 20 72 65 | 66 72 61 63 74 69 6f 6e |ex of re|fraction|
|000035c0| 2c 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 | 69 73 20 20 61 73 73 69 |, which |is assi|
|000035d0| 67 6e 65 64 20 74 68 65 | 20 64 65 66 61 75 6c 74 |gned the| default|
|000035e0| 20 69 6e 64 65 78 0a 6f | 66 20 72 65 66 72 61 63 | index.o|f refrac|
|000035f0| 74 69 6f 6e 20 28 6e 6f | 72 6d 61 6c 6c 79 20 31 |tion (no|rmally 1|
|00003600| 2e 30 29 2e 0a 0a 53 75 | 72 66 61 63 65 20 64 65 |.0)...Su|rface de|
|00003610| 73 63 72 69 70 74 69 6f | 6e 73 20 61 72 65 20 75 |scriptio|ns are u|
|00003620| 73 65 64 20 69 6e 20 72 | 61 79 73 68 61 64 65 20 |sed in r|ayshade |
|00003630| 74 6f 20 63 6f 6d 70 75 | 74 65 20 74 68 65 20 63 |to compu|te the c|
|00003640| 6f 6c 6f 72 20 6f 66 20 | 61 20 72 61 79 74 68 61 |olor of |a raytha|
|00003650| 74 0a 73 74 72 69 6b 65 | 73 20 74 68 65 20 73 75 |t.strike|s the su|
|00003660| 72 66 61 63 65 20 61 74 | 20 61 20 70 6f 69 6e 74 |rface at| a point|
|00003670| 20 65 76 65 63 7b 70 20 | 7d 2e 20 54 68 65 20 6e | evec{p |}. The n|
|00003680| 6f 72 6d 61 6c 20 74 6f | 20 20 74 68 65 20 73 75 |ormal to| the su|
|00003690| 72 66 61 63 65 20 61 74 | 0a 65 76 65 63 7b 70 20 |rface at|.evec{p |
|000036a0| 7d 2c 20 20 65 76 65 63 | 7b 6e 20 7d 2c 20 69 73 |}, evec|{n }, is|
|000036b0| 20 61 6c 73 6f 20 63 6f | 6d 70 75 74 65 64 2e 0a | also co|mputed..|
|000036c0| 0a 61 6d 62 69 65 6e 74 | 20 20 65 76 65 63 7b 63 |.ambient| evec{c|
|000036d0| 6f 6c 6f 72 20 7d 0a 20 | 55 73 65 20 74 68 65 20 |olor }. |Use the |
|000036e0| 67 69 76 65 6e 20 63 6f | 6c 6f 72 20 74 6f 20 61 |given co|lor to a|
|000036f0| 70 70 72 6f 78 69 6d 61 | 74 65 20 74 68 6f 73 65 |pproxima|te those|
|00003700| 20 73 75 72 66 61 63 65 | 2d 73 75 72 66 61 63 65 | surface|-surface|
|00003710| 20 20 69 6e 74 65 72 61 | 63 74 69 6f 6e 73 0a 28 | intera|ctions.(|
|00003720| 65 2e 67 2e 2c 20 64 69 | 66 66 75 73 65 20 69 6e |e.g., di|ffuse in|
|00003730| 74 65 72 72 65 66 6c 65 | 63 74 69 6f 6e 29 20 6e |terrefle|ction) n|
|00003740| 6f 74 20 6d 6f 64 65 6c | 65 64 20 62 79 20 74 68 |ot model|ed by th|
|00003750| 65 20 20 72 61 79 74 72 | 61 63 69 6e 67 20 70 72 |e raytr|acing pr|
|00003760| 6f 63 65 73 73 2e 20 41 | 0a 73 75 72 66 61 63 65 |ocess. A|.surface|
|00003770| 27 73 20 61 6d 62 69 65 | 6e 74 20 63 6f 6c 6f 72 |'s ambie|nt color|
|00003780| 20 69 73 20 61 6c 77 61 | 79 73 20 61 70 70 6c 69 | is alwa|ys appli|
|00003790| 65 64 20 74 6f 20 61 20 | 72 61 79 2e 20 20 54 68 |ed to a |ray. Th|
|000037a0| 65 20 63 6f 6c 6f 72 20 | 61 70 70 6c 69 65 64 20 |e color |applied |
|000037b0| 69 73 0a 63 6f 6d 70 75 | 74 65 64 20 62 79 20 6d |is.compu|ted by m|
|000037c0| 75 6c 74 69 70 6c 79 69 | 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 61 |ultiplyi|ng the a|
|000037d0| 6d 62 69 65 6e 74 20 63 | 6f 6c 6f 72 20 62 79 20 |mbient c|olor by |
|000037e0| 74 68 65 20 20 69 6e 74 | 65 6e 73 69 74 79 20 6f |the int|ensity o|
|000037f0| 66 20 74 68 65 20 61 6d | 62 69 65 6e 74 0a 6c 69 |f the am|bient.li|
|00003800| 67 68 74 20 73 6f 75 72 | 63 65 2e 0a 0a 49 66 20 |ght sour|ce...If |
|00003810| 20 65 76 65 63 7b 70 20 | 7d 20 69 73 20 69 6e 20 | evec{p |} is in |
|00003820| 73 68 61 64 6f 77 20 77 | 69 74 68 20 72 65 73 70 |shadow w|ith resp|
|00003830| 65 63 74 20 74 6f 20 61 | 20 67 69 76 65 6e 20 6c |ect to a| given l|
|00003840| 69 67 68 74 20 73 6f 75 | 72 63 65 2c 20 74 68 61 |ight sou|rce, tha|
|00003850| 74 20 6c 69 67 68 74 0a | 73 6f 75 72 63 65 20 6d |t light.|source m|
|00003860| 61 6b 65 73 20 6e 6f 20 | 63 6f 6e 74 72 69 62 75 |akes no |contribu|
|00003870| 74 69 6f 6e 20 74 6f 20 | 74 68 65 20 73 68 61 64 |tion to |the shad|
|00003880| 69 6e 67 20 6f 66 20 65 | 76 65 63 7b 70 20 7d 2e |ing of e|vec{p }.|
|00003890| 0a 0a 64 69 66 66 75 73 | 65 20 20 65 76 65 63 7b |..diffus|e evec{|
|000038a0| 63 6f 6c 6f 72 29 0a 20 | 53 70 65 63 69 66 69 65 |color). |Specifie|
|000038b0| 73 20 74 68 65 20 64 69 | 66 66 75 73 65 20 63 6f |s the di|ffuse co|
|000038c0| 6c 6f 72 20 54 68 65 20 | 64 69 66 66 75 73 65 20 |lor The |diffuse |
|000038d0| 63 6f 6e 74 72 69 62 75 | 74 69 6f 6e 20 66 72 6f |contribu|tion fro|
|000038e0| 6d 20 65 61 63 68 20 6e | 6f 6e 2d 73 68 61 64 6f |m each n|on-shado|
|000038f0| 77 65 64 0a 6c 69 67 68 | 74 20 73 6f 75 72 63 65 |wed.ligh|t source|
|00003900| 20 61 74 20 65 76 65 63 | 7b 70 20 7d 20 69 73 20 | at evec|{p } is |
|00003910| 65 71 75 61 6c 20 74 6f | 20 74 68 65 20 64 69 66 |equal to| the dif|
|00003920| 66 75 73 65 20 63 6f 6c | 6f 72 20 6f 66 20 74 68 |fuse col|or of th|
|00003930| 65 20 73 75 72 66 61 63 | 65 20 73 63 61 6c 65 64 |e surfac|e scaled|
|00003940| 0a 62 79 20 74 68 65 20 | 20 63 6f 73 69 6e 65 20 |.by the | cosine |
|00003950| 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 61 | 6e 67 6c 65 20 62 65 74 |of the a|ngle bet|
|00003960| 77 65 65 6e 20 65 76 65 | 63 7b 6e 20 7d 20 61 6e |ween eve|c{n } an|
|00003970| 64 20 74 68 65 20 76 65 | 63 74 6f 72 20 66 72 6f |d the ve|ctor fro|
|00003980| 6d 20 65 76 65 63 7b 70 | 20 7d 20 74 6f 0a 74 68 |m evec{p| } to.th|
|00003990| 65 20 6c 69 67 68 74 20 | 73 6f 75 72 63 65 2e 0a |e light |source..|
|000039a0| 0a 73 70 65 63 75 6c 61 | 72 20 20 65 76 65 63 7b |.specula|r evec{|
|000039b0| 63 6f 6c 6f 72 20 7d 0a | 20 53 70 65 63 69 66 69 |color }.| Specifi|
|000039c0| 65 73 20 74 68 65 20 62 | 61 73 65 20 63 6f 6c 6f |es the b|ase colo|
|000039d0| 72 20 6f 66 20 73 70 65 | 63 75 6c 61 72 20 72 65 |r of spe|cular re|
|000039e0| 66 6c 65 63 74 69 6f 6e | 73 2e 0a 0a 73 70 65 63 |flection|s...spec|
|000039f0| 70 6f 77 20 20 65 78 70 | 6f 6e 65 6e 74 0a 20 53 |pow exp|onent. S|
|00003a00| 70 65 63 69 66 69 65 73 | 20 74 68 65 20 73 70 65 |pecifies| the spe|
|00003a10| 63 75 6c 61 72 20 68 69 | 67 68 6c 69 67 68 74 20 |cular hi|ghlight |
|00003a20| 65 78 70 6f 6e 65 6e 74 | 2e 20 54 68 65 20 69 6e |exponent|. The in|
|00003a30| 74 65 6e 73 69 74 79 20 | 6f 66 20 73 70 65 63 75 |tensity |of specu|
|00003a40| 6c 61 72 0a 68 69 67 68 | 6c 69 67 68 74 73 20 66 |lar.high|lights f|
|00003a50| 72 6f 6d 20 6c 69 67 68 | 74 20 73 6f 75 72 63 65 |rom ligh|t source|
|00003a60| 73 20 61 72 65 20 73 63 | 61 6c 65 64 20 62 79 20 |s are sc|aled by |
|00003a70| 74 68 65 20 73 70 65 63 | 75 6c 61 72 20 63 6f 6c |the spec|ular col|
|00003a80| 6f 72 20 6f 66 20 74 68 | 65 0a 73 75 72 66 61 63 |or of th|e.surfac|
|00003a90| 65 2e 0a 0a 72 65 66 6c | 65 63 74 20 20 72 65 66 |e...refl|ect ref|
|00003aa0| 6c 65 63 74 69 76 69 74 | 79 0a 20 53 70 65 63 69 |lectivit|y. Speci|
|00003ab0| 66 69 65 73 20 74 68 65 | 20 73 70 65 63 75 6c 61 |fies the| specula|
|00003ac0| 72 20 72 65 66 6c 65 63 | 74 69 76 69 74 79 20 6f |r reflec|tivity o|
|00003ad0| 66 20 74 68 65 20 73 75 | 72 66 61 63 65 2e 20 20 |f the su|rface. |
|00003ae0| 49 66 20 6e 6f 6e 2d 7a | 65 72 6f 2c 20 72 65 66 |If non-z|ero, ref|
|00003af0| 6c 65 63 74 65 64 0a 72 | 61 79 73 20 77 69 6c 6c |lected.r|ays will|
|00003b00| 20 62 65 20 73 70 61 77 | 6e 65 64 2e 20 54 68 65 | be spaw|ned. The|
|00003b10| 20 69 6e 74 65 6e 73 69 | 74 79 20 6f 66 20 73 70 | intensi|ty of sp|
|00003b20| 65 63 75 6c 61 72 6c 79 | 20 72 65 66 6c 65 63 74 |ecularly| reflect|
|00003b30| 65 64 20 72 61 79 73 20 | 77 69 6c 6c 20 62 65 0a |ed rays |will be.|
|00003b40| 70 72 6f 70 6f 72 74 69 | 6f 6e 61 6c 20 74 6f 20 |proporti|onal to |
|00003b50| 74 68 65 20 73 70 65 63 | 75 6c 61 72 20 63 6f 6c |the spec|ular col|
|00003b60| 6f 72 20 6f 66 20 74 68 | 65 20 73 75 72 66 61 63 |or of th|e surfac|
|00003b70| 65 20 73 63 61 6c 65 64 | 20 62 79 20 74 68 65 0a |e scaled| by the.|
|00003b80| 72 65 66 6c 65 63 74 69 | 76 69 74 79 2e 0a 0a 74 |reflecti|vity...t|
|00003b90| 72 61 6e 73 70 20 20 74 | 72 61 6e 73 70 61 72 65 |ransp t|ranspare|
|00003ba0| 6e 63 79 0a 20 53 70 65 | 63 69 66 69 65 73 20 74 |ncy. Spe|cifies t|
|00003bb0| 68 65 20 73 70 65 63 75 | 6c 61 72 20 74 72 61 6e |he specu|lar tran|
|00003bc0| 73 6d 69 73 73 69 76 69 | 74 79 20 6f 66 20 74 68 |smissivi|ty of th|
|00003bd0| 65 20 73 75 72 66 61 63 | 65 2e 20 20 49 66 20 6e |e surfac|e. If n|
|00003be0| 6f 6e 2d 7a 65 72 6f 2c | 0a 74 72 61 6e 73 6d 69 |on-zero,|.transmi|
|00003bf0| 74 74 65 64 20 28 72 65 | 66 72 61 63 74 65 64 29 |tted (re|fracted)|
|00003c00| 20 72 61 79 73 20 77 69 | 6c 6c 20 62 65 20 73 70 | rays wi|ll be sp|
|00003c10| 61 77 6e 65 64 2e 0a 0a | 62 6f 64 79 20 20 65 76 |awned...|body ev|
|00003c20| 65 63 7b 63 6f 6c 6f 72 | 20 7d 0a 20 53 70 65 63 |ec{color| }. Spec|
|00003c30| 69 66 69 65 73 20 74 68 | 65 20 62 6f 64 79 20 63 |ifies th|e body c|
|00003c40| 6f 6c 6f 72 20 6f 66 20 | 74 68 65 20 6f 62 6a 65 |olor of |the obje|
|00003c50| 63 74 2e 20 20 54 68 65 | 20 62 6f 64 79 20 63 6f |ct. The| body co|
|00003c60| 6c 6f 72 20 61 66 66 65 | 63 74 73 20 74 68 65 20 |lor affe|cts the |
|00003c70| 63 6f 6c 6f 72 0a 6f 66 | 20 72 61 79 73 20 74 68 |color.of| rays th|
|00003c80| 61 74 20 61 72 65 20 74 | 72 61 6e 73 6d 69 74 74 |at are t|ransmitt|
|00003c90| 65 64 20 74 68 72 6f 75 | 67 68 20 74 68 65 20 6f |ed throu|gh the o|
|00003ca0| 62 6a 65 63 74 2e 0a 0a | 65 78 74 69 6e 63 74 20 |bject...|extinct |
|00003cb0| 20 63 6f 65 66 66 69 63 | 69 65 6e 74 0a 20 53 70 | coeffic|ient. Sp|
|00003cc0| 65 63 69 66 69 65 73 20 | 74 68 65 20 65 78 74 69 |ecifies |the exti|
|00003cd0| 6e 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 63 | 6f 65 66 66 69 63 69 65 |nction c|oefficie|
|00003ce0| 6e 74 20 6f 66 20 74 68 | 65 20 69 6e 74 65 72 69 |nt of th|e interi|
|00003cf0| 6f 72 20 6f 66 20 74 68 | 65 20 6f 62 6a 65 63 74 |or of th|e object|
|00003d00| 2e 0a 0a 54 68 65 20 65 | 78 74 69 6e 63 74 69 6f |...The e|xtinctio|
|00003d10| 6e 20 63 6f 65 66 66 69 | 63 69 65 6e 74 20 69 73 |n coeffi|cient is|
|00003d20| 20 72 61 69 73 65 64 20 | 74 6f 20 61 20 70 6f 77 | raised |to a pow|
|00003d30| 65 72 20 65 71 75 61 6c | 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 |er equal| to the |
|00003d40| 64 69 73 74 61 6e 63 65 | 20 74 68 65 0a 74 72 61 |distance| the.tra|
|00003d50| 6e 73 6d 69 74 74 65 64 | 20 72 61 79 20 74 72 61 |nsmitted| ray tra|
|00003d60| 76 65 6c 73 20 74 68 72 | 6f 75 67 68 20 74 68 65 |vels thr|ough the|
|00003d70| 20 6f 62 6a 65 63 74 2e | 20 54 68 65 20 6f 76 65 | object.| The ove|
|00003d80| 72 61 6c 6c 20 20 69 6e | 74 65 6e 73 69 74 79 20 |rall in|tensity |
|00003d90| 6f 66 0a 73 70 65 63 75 | 6c 61 72 6c 79 20 74 72 |of.specu|larly tr|
|00003da0| 61 6e 73 6d 69 74 74 65 | 64 20 72 61 79 73 20 77 |ansmitte|d rays w|
|00003db0| 69 6c 6c 20 62 65 20 70 | 72 6f 70 6f 72 74 69 6f |ill be p|roportio|
|00003dc0| 6e 61 6c 20 20 74 6f 20 | 74 68 69 73 20 66 61 63 |nal to |this fac|
|00003dd0| 74 6f 72 20 6d 75 6c 74 | 69 70 6c 69 65 64 0a 62 |tor mult|iplied.b|
|00003de0| 79 20 74 68 65 20 73 75 | 72 66 61 63 65 27 73 20 |y the su|rface's |
|00003df0| 62 6f 64 79 20 63 6f 6c | 6f 72 20 6d 75 6c 74 69 |body col|or multi|
|00003e00| 70 6c 69 65 64 20 62 79 | 20 74 68 65 20 20 74 72 |plied by| the tr|
|00003e10| 61 6e 73 70 61 72 65 6e | 63 79 20 6f 66 20 74 68 |ansparen|cy of th|
|00003e20| 65 20 6f 62 6a 65 63 74 | 2e 0a 0a 69 6e 64 65 78 |e object|...index|
|00003e30| 20 20 4e 0a 20 53 70 65 | 63 69 66 69 65 73 20 74 | N. Spe|cifies t|
|00003e40| 68 65 20 69 6e 64 65 78 | 20 6f 66 20 72 65 66 72 |he index| of refr|
|00003e50| 61 63 74 69 6f 6e 2e 20 | 20 54 68 65 20 64 65 66 |action. | The def|
|00003e60| 61 75 6c 74 20 76 61 6c | 75 65 20 69 73 20 65 71 |ault val|ue is eq|
|00003e70| 75 61 6c 20 74 6f 20 74 | 68 65 20 69 6e 64 65 78 |ual to t|he index|
|00003e80| 0a 6f 66 20 72 65 66 72 | 61 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f |.of refr|action o|
|00003e90| 66 20 74 68 65 20 61 74 | 6d 6f 73 70 68 65 72 65 |f the at|mosphere|
|00003ea0| 20 73 75 72 72 6f 75 6e | 64 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 | surroun|ding the|
|00003eb0| 20 65 79 65 2e 0a 0a 74 | 72 61 6e 73 6c 75 63 65 | eye...t|ransluce|
|00003ec0| 6e 63 79 20 20 74 72 61 | 6e 73 6c 75 20 20 65 76 |ncy tra|nslu ev|
|00003ed0| 65 63 7b 63 6f 6c 6f 72 | 20 7d 20 20 73 74 65 78 |ec{color| } stex|
|00003ee0| 70 0a 20 53 70 65 63 69 | 66 69 65 73 20 74 68 65 |p. Speci|fies the|
|00003ef0| 20 74 72 61 6e 73 6c 75 | 63 65 6e 63 79 2c 20 64 | translu|cency, d|
|00003f00| 69 66 66 75 73 65 6c 79 | 20 74 72 61 6e 73 6d 69 |iffusely| transmi|
|00003f10| 74 74 65 64 20 63 6f 6c | 6f 72 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 |tted col|or, and |
|00003f20| 50 68 6f 6e 67 20 65 78 | 70 6f 6e 65 6e 74 0a 66 |Phong ex|ponent.f|
|00003f30| 6f 72 20 74 72 61 6e 73 | 6d 69 74 74 65 64 20 73 |or trans|mitted s|
|00003f40| 70 65 63 75 6c 61 72 20 | 68 69 67 68 6c 69 67 68 |pecular |highligh|
|00003f50| 74 73 2e 20 49 66 20 61 | 20 6c 69 67 68 74 20 73 |ts. If a| light s|
|00003f60| 6f 75 72 63 65 20 69 6c | 6c 75 6d 69 6e 61 74 65 |ource il|luminate|
|00003f70| 73 20 61 0a 74 72 61 6e | 73 6c 75 63 65 6e 74 20 |s a.tran|slucent |
|00003f80| 73 75 72 66 61 63 65 20 | 66 72 6f 6d 20 74 68 65 |surface |from the|
|00003f90| 20 73 69 64 65 20 6f 70 | 70 6f 73 69 74 65 20 74 | side op|posite t|
|00003fa0| 68 61 74 20 66 72 6f 6d | 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 61 |hat from| which a|
|00003fb0| 20 72 61 79 20 61 70 70 | 72 6f 61 63 68 65 73 2c | ray app|roaches,|
|00003fc0| 0a 69 6c 6c 75 6d 69 6e | 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 20 63 |.illumin|ation c|
|00003fd0| 6f 6d 70 75 74 61 74 69 | 6f 6e 73 20 61 72 65 20 |omputati|ons are |
|00003fe0| 70 65 72 66 6f 72 6d 65 | 64 2c 20 20 20 75 73 69 |performe|d, usi|
|00003ff0| 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 67 | 69 76 65 6e 20 63 6f 6c |ng the g|iven col|
|00004000| 6f 72 20 61 73 20 74 68 | 65 0a 73 75 72 66 61 63 |or as th|e.surfac|
|00004010| 65 27 73 20 64 69 66 66 | 75 73 65 20 63 6f 6c 6f |e's diff|use colo|
|00004020| 72 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 74 | 68 65 20 67 69 76 65 6e |r, and t|he given|
|00004030| 20 65 78 70 6f 6e 65 6e | 74 20 61 73 20 74 68 65 | exponen|t as the|
|00004040| 20 50 68 6f 6e 67 20 68 | 69 67 68 6c 69 67 68 74 | Phong h|ighlight|
|00004050| 0a 65 78 70 6f 6e 65 6e | 74 2e 20 20 54 68 65 20 |.exponen|t. The |
|00004060| 72 65 73 75 6c 74 69 6e | 67 20 63 6f 6c 6f 72 20 |resultin|g color |
|00004070| 69 73 20 74 68 65 6e 20 | 73 63 61 6c 65 64 20 62 |is then |scaled b|
|00004080| 79 20 74 68 65 20 73 75 | 72 66 61 63 65 27 73 20 |y the su|rface's |
|00004090| 74 72 61 6e 73 6c 75 63 | 65 6e 63 79 2e 0a 0a 0a |transluc|ency....|
|000040a0| 0a 41 74 6d 6f 73 70 68 | 65 72 69 63 20 65 66 66 |.Atmosph|eric eff|
|000040b0| 65 63 74 73 0a 0a 41 6e | 79 20 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 |ects..An|y number|
|000040c0| 20 6f 66 20 61 74 6d 6f | 73 70 68 65 72 69 63 20 | of atmo|spheric |
|000040d0| 65 66 66 65 63 74 73 20 | 6d 61 79 20 61 6c 73 6f |effects |may also|
|000040e0| 20 62 65 20 61 73 73 6f | 63 69 61 74 65 64 20 77 | be asso|ciated w|
|000040f0| 69 74 68 20 61 20 73 75 | 72 66 61 63 65 2e 0a 54 |ith a su|rface..T|
|00004100| 68 65 73 65 20 65 66 66 | 65 63 74 73 20 77 69 6c |hese eff|ects wil|
|00004110| 6c 20 62 65 20 61 70 70 | 6c 69 65 64 20 74 6f 20 |l be app|lied to |
|00004120| 74 68 6f 73 65 20 72 61 | 79 73 20 74 68 61 74 20 |those ra|ys that |
|00004130| 61 72 65 20 20 74 72 61 | 6e 73 6d 69 74 74 65 64 |are tra|nsmitted|
|00004140| 20 74 68 72 6f 75 67 68 | 0a 74 68 65 20 73 75 72 | through|.the sur|
|00004150| 66 61 63 65 2e 20 20 41 | 70 70 6c 79 69 6e 67 20 |face. A|pplying |
|00004160| 61 74 6d 6f 73 70 68 65 | 72 69 63 20 65 66 66 65 |atmosphe|ric effe|
|00004170| 63 74 73 20 74 6f 20 6f | 70 61 71 75 65 20 6f 62 |cts to o|paque ob|
|00004180| 6a 65 63 74 73 20 69 73 | 20 61 20 77 61 73 74 65 |jects is| a waste|
|00004190| 20 6f 66 0a 69 6e 70 75 | 74 20 66 69 6c 65 2e 0a | of.inpu|t file..|
|000041a0| 0a 66 6f 67 20 20 65 76 | 65 63 7b 63 6f 6c 6f 72 |.fog ev|ec{color|
|000041b0| 20 7d 20 20 65 76 65 63 | 7b 74 68 69 6e 6e 65 73 | } evec|{thinnes|
|000041c0| 73 20 7d 0a 20 41 64 64 | 20 65 78 70 6f 6e 65 6e |s }. Add| exponen|
|000041d0| 74 69 61 6c 20 66 6f 67 | 20 77 69 74 68 20 74 68 |tial fog| with th|
|000041e0| 65 20 73 70 65 63 69 66 | 69 65 64 20 20 74 68 69 |e specif|ied thi|
|000041f0| 6e 6e 65 73 73 20 61 6e | 64 20 63 6f 6c 6f 72 2e |nness an|d color.|
|00004200| 20 46 6f 67 20 69 73 0a | 73 69 6d 75 6c 61 74 65 | Fog is.|simulate|
|00004210| 64 20 62 79 20 62 6c 65 | 6e 64 69 6e 67 20 74 68 |d by ble|nding th|
|00004220| 65 20 63 6f 6c 6f 72 20 | 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 66 |e color |of the f|
|00004230| 6f 67 20 77 69 74 68 20 | 74 68 65 20 63 6f 6c 6f |og with |the colo|
|00004240| 72 20 6f 66 20 65 61 63 | 68 20 72 61 79 2e 20 20 |r of eac|h ray. |
|00004250| 54 68 65 0a 61 6d 6f 75 | 6e 74 20 6f 66 20 66 6f |The.amou|nt of fo|
|00004260| 67 20 63 6f 6c 6f 72 20 | 62 6c 65 6e 64 65 64 20 |g color |blended |
|00004270| 69 6e 74 6f 20 61 20 72 | 61 79 20 63 6f 6c 6f 72 |into a r|ay color|
|00004280| 20 69 73 20 20 61 6e 20 | 65 78 70 6f 6e 65 6e 74 | is an |exponent|
|00004290| 69 61 6c 66 75 6e 63 74 | 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 0a 74 |ialfunct|ion of.t|
|000042a0| 68 65 20 64 69 73 74 61 | 6e 63 65 20 66 72 6f 6d |he dista|nce from|
|000042b0| 20 74 68 65 20 72 61 79 | 20 6f 72 69 67 69 6e 20 | the ray| origin |
|000042c0| 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 70 | 6f 69 6e 74 20 6f 66 20 |to the p|oint of |
|000042d0| 69 6e 74 65 72 73 65 63 | 74 69 6f 6e 20 20 20 20 |intersec|tion |
|000042e0| 64 69 76 69 64 65 64 20 | 62 79 0a 74 68 65 20 73 |divided |by.the s|
|000042f0| 70 65 63 69 66 69 65 64 | 20 74 68 69 6e 6e 65 73 |pecified| thinnes|
|00004300| 73 20 66 6f 72 20 65 61 | 63 68 20 20 63 6f 6c 6f |s for ea|ch colo|
|00004310| 72 20 63 68 61 6e 6e 65 | 6c 2e 20 49 66 20 74 68 |r channe|l. If th|
|00004320| 65 20 64 69 73 74 61 6e | 63 65 20 69 73 20 65 71 |e distan|ce is eq|
|00004330| 75 61 6c 20 74 6f 0a 74 | 68 69 6e 6e 65 73 73 2c |ual to.t|hinness,|
|00004340| 20 61 20 72 61 79 27 73 | 20 6e 65 77 20 63 6f 6c | a ray's| new col|
|00004350| 6f 72 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 | 62 65 20 68 61 6c 66 20 |or will |be half |
|00004360| 6f 66 74 68 65 20 66 6f | 67 20 63 6f 6c 6f 72 20 |ofthe fo|g color |
|00004370| 70 6c 75 73 20 68 61 6c | 66 20 69 74 73 0a 6f 72 |plus hal|f its.or|
|00004380| 69 67 69 6e 61 6c 20 63 | 6f 6c 6f 72 2e 0a 0a 6d |iginal c|olor...m|
|00004390| 69 73 74 20 20 65 76 65 | 63 7b 63 6f 6c 6f 72 20 |ist eve|c{color |
|000043a0| 7d 20 20 65 76 65 63 7b | 74 68 69 6e 6e 65 73 73 |} evec{|thinness|
|000043b0| 20 7d 20 20 7a 65 72 6f | 20 73 63 61 6c 65 0a 20 | } zero| scale. |
|000043c0| 41 64 64 20 67 6c 6f 62 | 61 6c 20 6c 6f 77 2d 61 |Add glob|al low-a|
|000043d0| 6c 74 69 74 75 64 65 20 | 6d 69 73 74 20 6f 66 20 |ltitude |mist of |
|000043e0| 74 68 65 20 73 70 65 63 | 69 66 69 65 64 20 63 6f |the spec|ified co|
|000043f0| 6c 6f 72 2e 20 20 54 68 | 65 20 63 6f 6c 6f 72 20 |lor. Th|e color |
|00004400| 6f 66 20 61 20 72 61 79 | 20 69 73 0a 6d 6f 64 75 |of a ray| is.modu|
|00004410| 6c 61 74 65 64 20 62 79 | 20 61 20 66 6f 67 20 77 |lated by| a fog w|
|00004420| 69 74 68 20 64 65 6e 73 | 69 74 79 20 74 68 61 74 |ith dens|ity that|
|00004430| 20 76 61 72 69 65 73 20 | 6c 69 6e 65 61 72 6c 79 | varies |linearly|
|00004440| 20 20 77 69 74 68 20 74 | 68 65 20 64 69 66 66 65 | with t|he diffe|
|00004450| 72 65 6e 63 65 20 69 6e | 0a 7a 20 63 6f 6f 72 64 |rence in|.z coord|
|00004460| 69 6e 61 74 65 20 28 61 | 6c 74 69 74 75 64 65 29 |inate (a|ltitude)|
|00004470| 20 62 65 74 77 65 65 6e | 20 74 68 65 20 72 61 79 | between| the ray|
|00004480| 20 6f 72 69 67 69 6e 20 | 61 6e 64 20 74 68 65 20 | origin |and the |
|00004490| 70 6f 69 6e 74 20 6f 66 | 0a 69 6e 74 65 72 73 65 |point of|.interse|
|000044a0| 63 74 69 6f 6e 2e 20 20 | 54 68 65 20 74 68 69 6e |ction. |The thin|
|000044b0| 6e 65 73 73 20 76 61 6c | 75 65 73 20 73 70 65 63 |ness val|ues spec|
|000044c0| 69 66 79 20 74 68 65 20 | 20 74 72 61 6e 73 6d 69 |ify the | transmi|
|000044d0| 73 73 69 76 69 74 79 20 | 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 66 |ssivity |of the f|
|000044e0| 6f 67 0a 66 6f 72 20 65 | 61 63 68 20 63 6f 6c 6f |og.for e|ach colo|
|000044f0| 72 20 63 68 61 6e 6e 65 | 6c 2e 20 54 68 65 20 62 |r channe|l. The b|
|00004500| 61 73 65 20 61 6c 74 69 | 74 75 64 65 20 6f 66 20 |ase alti|tude of |
|00004510| 74 68 65 20 6d 69 73 74 | 20 69 73 20 67 69 76 65 |the mist| is give|
|00004520| 6e 20 62 79 20 7b 65 6d | 20 7a 65 72 6f 7d 2c 0a |n by {em| zero},.|
|00004530| 61 6e 64 20 74 68 65 20 | 61 70 70 61 72 65 6e 74 |and the |apparent|
|00004540| 20 68 65 69 67 68 74 6f | 66 20 74 68 65 20 6d 69 | heighto|f the mi|
|00004550| 73 74 20 63 61 6e 20 62 | 65 20 6d 6f 64 75 6c 61 |st can b|e modula|
|00004560| 74 65 64 20 75 73 69 6e | 67 20 7b 65 6d 20 73 63 |ted usin|g {em sc|
|00004570| 61 6c 65 7d 2c 20 77 68 | 69 63 68 0a 73 63 61 6c |ale}, wh|ich.scal|
|00004580| 65 73 20 74 68 65 20 64 | 69 66 66 65 72 65 6e 63 |es the d|ifferenc|
|00004590| 65 20 69 6e 20 61 6c 74 | 69 74 75 64 65 20 75 73 |e in alt|itude us|
|000045a0| 65 64 20 74 6f 20 63 6f | 6d 70 75 74 65 20 74 68 |ed to co|mpute th|
|000045b0| 65 20 66 6f 67 2e 0a 0a | 0a 0a 64 65 66 61 75 6c |e fog...|..defaul|
|000045c0| 74 20 4d 65 64 69 75 6d | 0a 0a 54 68 65 20 64 65 |t Medium|..The de|
|000045d0| 66 61 75 6c 74 20 6d 65 | 64 69 75 6d 20 69 73 20 |fault me|dium is |
|000045e0| 74 68 65 20 6d 65 64 69 | 75 6d 20 77 68 69 63 68 |the medi|um which|
|000045f0| 20 73 75 72 72 6f 75 6e | 64 73 20 61 6e 64 20 65 | surroun|ds and e|
|00004600| 6e 63 6f 6d 70 61 73 73 | 65 73 20 61 6c 6c 20 6f |ncompass|es all o|
|00004610| 66 20 74 68 65 0a 6f 62 | 6a 65 63 74 73 20 69 6e |f the.ob|jects in|
|00004620| 20 74 68 65 20 73 63 65 | 6e 65 3b 20 69 74 20 69 | the sce|ne; it i|
|00004630| 73 20 74 68 65 20 60 60 | 61 69 72 27 27 20 74 68 |s the ``|air'' th|
|00004640| 72 6f 75 67 68 20 77 68 | 69 63 68 20 20 65 79 65 |rough wh|ich eye|
|00004650| 20 72 61 79 73 20 75 73 | 75 61 6c 6c 79 0a 74 72 | rays us|ually.tr|
|00004660| 61 76 65 6c 20 62 65 66 | 6f 72 65 20 68 69 74 74 |avel bef|ore hitt|
|00004670| 69 6e 67 20 61 6e 20 6f | 62 6a 65 63 74 2e 20 20 |ing an o|bject. |
|00004680| 54 68 65 20 70 72 6f 70 | 65 72 74 69 65 73 20 6f |The prop|erties o|
|00004690| 66 20 74 68 65 20 64 65 | 66 61 75 6c 74 20 6d 65 |f the de|fault me|
|000046a0| 64 69 75 6d 20 6d 61 79 | 0a 62 65 20 6d 6f 64 69 |dium may|.be modi|
|000046b0| 66 69 65 64 20 74 68 72 | 6f 75 67 68 20 74 68 65 |fied thr|ough the|
|000046c0| 20 75 73 65 20 6f 66 20 | 74 68 65 20 20 20 61 74 | use of |the at|
|000046d0| 6d 6f 73 70 68 65 72 65 | 20 20 6b 65 79 77 6f 72 |mosphere| keywor|
|000046e0| 64 2e 0a 0a 61 74 6d 6f | 73 70 68 65 72 65 20 20 |d...atmo|sphere |
|000046f0| 4e 20 20 61 74 6d 6f 73 | 70 68 65 72 69 63 20 65 |N atmos|pheric e|
|00004700| 66 66 65 63 74 73 0a 49 | 66 20 67 69 76 65 6e 2c |ffects.I|f given,|
|00004710| 20 4e 20 73 70 65 63 69 | 66 69 65 73 20 74 68 65 | N speci|fies the|
|00004720| 20 69 6e 64 65 78 20 6f | 66 20 72 65 66 72 61 63 | index o|f refrac|
|00004730| 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 | 74 68 65 20 64 65 66 61 |tion of |the defa|
|00004740| 75 6c 74 20 6d 65 64 69 | 75 6d 2e 20 20 54 68 65 |ult medi|um. The|
|00004750| 0a 64 65 66 61 75 6c 74 | 20 69 73 20 31 2e 30 2e |.default| is 1.0.|
|00004760| 20 20 41 6e 79 20 61 74 | 6d 6f 73 70 68 65 72 69 | Any at|mospheri|
|00004770| 63 20 65 66 66 65 63 74 | 73 20 6c 69 73 74 65 64 |c effect|s listed|
|00004780| 20 61 72 65 20 61 70 70 | 6c 69 65 64 20 20 74 6f | are app|lied to|
|00004790| 20 72 61 79 73 20 74 68 | 61 74 0a 61 72 65 20 65 | rays th|at.are e|
|000047a0| 78 74 65 72 69 6f 72 20 | 74 6f 20 65 76 65 72 79 |xterior |to every|
|000047b0| 20 6f 62 6a 65 63 74 20 | 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 73 | object |in the s|
|000047c0| 63 65 6e 65 20 28 65 2e | 67 2e 2c 20 72 61 79 73 |cene (e.|g., rays|
|000047d0| 20 65 6d 61 6e 61 74 69 | 6e 67 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 | emanati|ng from |
|000047e0| 74 68 65 0a 63 61 6d 65 | 72 61 29 2e 0a 0a 5c 62 |the.came|ra)...\b|
|000047f0| 65 67 69 6e 7b 76 65 72 | 62 61 74 69 6d 20 7d 0a |egin{ver|batim }.|
|00004800| 20 20 20 20 2f 2a 0a 20 | 20 20 20 20 2a 20 52 65 | /*. | * Re|
|00004810| 64 20 73 70 68 65 72 65 | 20 6f 6e 20 61 20 67 72 |d sphere| on a gr|
|00004820| 65 79 20 70 6c 61 6e 65 | 2c 20 77 69 74 68 20 66 |ey plane|, with f|
|00004830| 6f 67 2e 0a 20 20 20 20 | 20 2a 2f 0a 20 20 20 20 |og.. | */. |
|00004840| 65 79 65 70 20 30 2e 20 | 2d 31 30 2e 20 32 2e 0a |eyep 0. |-10. 2..|
|00004850| 20 20 20 20 61 74 6d 6f | 73 70 68 65 72 65 20 66 | atmo|sphere f|
|00004860| 6f 67 20 20 2e 38 20 2e | 38 20 2e 38 20 31 34 2e |og .8 .|8 .8 14.|
|00004870| 20 31 34 2e 20 31 34 2e | 0a 20 20 20 20 70 6c 61 | 14. 14.|. pla|
|00004880| 6e 65 20 30 20 30 20 30 | 20 20 30 20 30 20 31 0a |ne 0 0 0| 0 0 1.|
|00004890| 20 20 20 20 73 70 68 65 | 72 65 20 64 69 66 66 75 | sphe|re diffu|
|000048a0| 73 65 20 30 2e 38 20 30 | 20 30 20 20 20 31 2e 35 |se 0.8 0| 0 1.5|
|000048b0| 20 20 30 20 30 20 31 2e | 35 0a 5c 65 6e 64 7b 76 | 0 0 1.|5.\end{v|
|000048c0| 65 72 62 61 74 69 6d 20 | 7d 0a 0a 0a 53 70 65 63 |erbatim |}...Spec|
|000048d0| 69 66 69 63 61 74 69 6f | 6e 20 0a 0a 52 61 79 73 |ificatio|n ..Rays|
|000048e0| 68 61 64 65 20 70 72 6f | 76 69 64 65 73 20 61 20 |hade pro|vides a |
|000048f0| 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 20 6f | 66 20 77 61 79 73 20 74 |number o|f ways t|
|00004900| 6f 20 64 65 66 69 6e 65 | 20 73 75 72 66 61 63 65 |o define| surface|
|00004910| 73 20 61 6e 64 20 74 6f | 20 62 69 6e 64 20 74 68 |s and to| bind th|
|00004920| 65 73 65 0a 73 75 72 66 | 61 63 65 73 20 74 6f 20 |ese.surf|aces to |
|00004930| 6f 62 6a 65 63 74 73 2e | 20 20 54 68 65 20 6d 6f |objects.| The mo|
|00004940| 73 74 20 73 74 72 61 69 | 67 68 74 2d 66 6f 72 77 |st strai|ght-forw|
|00004950| 61 72 64 20 6d 65 74 68 | 6f 64 20 20 6f 66 20 73 |ard meth|od of s|
|00004960| 75 72 66 61 63 65 0a 73 | 70 65 63 69 66 69 63 61 |urface.s|pecifica|
|00004970| 74 69 6f 6e 20 69 73 20 | 74 6f 20 73 69 6d 70 6c |tion is |to simpl|
|00004980| 79 20 6c 69 73 74 20 74 | 68 65 20 73 75 72 66 61 |y list t|he surfa|
|00004990| 63 65 20 70 72 6f 70 65 | 72 74 69 65 73 20 74 6f |ce prope|rties to|
|000049a0| 20 62 65 20 75 73 65 64 | 2e 0a 41 6c 74 65 72 6e | be used|..Altern|
|000049b0| 61 74 69 76 65 6c 79 2c | 20 6f 6e 65 20 6d 61 79 |atively,| one may|
|000049c0| 20 61 73 73 6f 63 69 61 | 74 65 20 61 20 6e 61 6d | associa|te a nam|
|000049d0| 65 20 77 69 74 68 20 61 | 20 67 69 76 65 6e 20 73 |e with a| given s|
|000049e0| 75 72 66 61 63 65 2e 20 | 54 68 69 73 20 6e 61 6d |urface. |This nam|
|000049f0| 65 20 6d 61 79 0a 73 75 | 62 73 65 71 75 65 6e 74 |e may.su|bsequent|
|00004a00| 6c 79 20 62 65 20 75 73 | 65 64 20 74 6f 20 72 65 |ly be us|ed to re|
|00004a10| 66 65 72 20 74 6f 20 74 | 68 61 74 20 73 75 72 66 |fer to t|hat surf|
|00004a20| 61 63 65 2e 0a 0a 73 75 | 72 66 61 63 65 20 20 6e |ace...su|rface n|
|00004a30| 61 6d 65 20 7b 20 53 75 | 72 66 61 63 65 20 44 65 |ame { Su|rface De|
|00004a40| 66 69 6e 69 74 69 6f 6e | 7d 0a 20 41 73 73 6f 63 |finition|}. Assoc|
|00004a50| 69 61 74 65 20 74 68 65 | 20 67 69 76 65 6e 20 63 |iate the| given c|
|00004a60| 6f 6c 6c 65 63 74 69 6f | 6e 20 6f 66 20 73 75 72 |ollectio|n of sur|
|00004a70| 66 61 63 65 20 61 74 74 | 72 69 62 75 74 65 73 20 |face att|ributes |
|00004a80| 77 69 74 68 20 74 68 65 | 20 67 69 76 65 6e 20 6e |with the| given n|
|00004a90| 61 6d 65 2e 0a 0a 54 68 | 65 20 62 69 6e 64 69 6e |ame...Th|e bindin|
|00004aa0| 67 20 6f 66 20 61 20 63 | 6f 6c 6c 65 63 74 69 6f |g of a c|ollectio|
|00004ab0| 6e 20 6f 66 20 73 75 72 | 66 61 63 65 20 70 72 6f |n of sur|face pro|
|00004ac0| 70 65 72 74 69 65 73 20 | 74 6f 20 61 20 67 69 76 |perties |to a giv|
|00004ad0| 65 6e 20 6f 62 6a 65 63 | 74 20 69 73 0a 61 63 63 |en objec|t is.acc|
|00004ae0| 6f 6d 70 6c 69 73 68 65 | 64 20 69 6e 20 61 20 62 |omplishe|d in a b|
|00004af0| 6f 74 74 6f 6d 2d 75 70 | 20 6d 61 6e 6e 65 72 3b |ottom-up| manner;|
|00004b00| 20 74 68 65 20 73 75 72 | 66 61 63 65 20 74 68 61 | the sur|face tha|
|00004b10| 74 20 20 60 60 63 6c 6f | 73 65 73 74 27 27 20 69 |t ``clo|sest'' i|
|00004b20| 6e 20 74 68 65 0a 6d 6f | 64 65 6c 69 6e 67 20 74 |n the.mo|deling t|
|00004b30| 72 65 65 20 74 6f 20 74 | 68 65 20 70 72 69 6d 69 |ree to t|he primi|
|00004b40| 74 69 76 65 20 62 65 69 | 6e 67 20 72 65 6e 64 65 |tive bei|ng rende|
|00004b50| 72 65 64 20 69 73 20 74 | 68 65 20 6f 6e 65 20 74 |red is t|he one t|
|00004b60| 68 61 74 20 69 73 20 75 | 73 65 64 20 74 6f 0a 67 |hat is u|sed to.g|
|00004b70| 69 76 65 20 74 68 65 20 | 70 72 69 6d 69 74 69 76 |ive the |primitiv|
|00004b80| 65 20 69 74 73 20 61 70 | 70 65 61 72 61 6e 63 65 |e its ap|pearance|
|00004b90| 2e 0a 0a 41 6e 20 6f 62 | 6a 65 63 74 20 74 68 61 |...An ob|ject tha|
|00004ba0| 74 20 68 61 73 20 6e 6f | 20 73 75 72 66 61 63 65 |t has no| surface|
|00004bb0| 20 62 6f 75 6e 64 20 74 | 6f 20 69 74 20 69 73 20 | bound t|o it is |
|00004bc0| 61 73 73 69 67 6e 65 64 | 20 61 20 64 65 66 61 75 |assigned| a defau|
|00004bd0| 6c 74 20 73 75 72 66 61 | 63 65 20 74 68 61 74 0a |lt surfa|ce that.|
|00004be0| 67 69 76 65 20 61 6e 20 | 6f 62 6a 65 63 74 20 74 |give an |object t|
|00004bf0| 68 65 20 61 70 70 65 61 | 72 61 6e 63 65 20 6f 66 |he appea|rance of|
|00004c00| 20 77 68 69 74 65 20 70 | 6c 61 73 74 69 63 2e 0a | white p|lastic..|
|00004c10| 0a 54 68 65 20 66 69 72 | 73 74 20 61 6e 64 20 6d |.The fir|st and m|
|00004c20| 6f 73 74 20 64 69 72 65 | 63 74 20 77 61 79 20 74 |ost dire|ct way t|
|00004c30| 6f 20 62 69 6e 64 20 61 | 20 73 75 72 66 61 63 65 |o bind a| surface|
|00004c40| 20 74 6f 20 61 20 70 72 | 69 6d 69 74 69 76 65 20 | to a pr|imitive |
|00004c50| 69 73 20 62 79 0a 73 70 | 65 63 69 66 79 69 6e 67 |is by.sp|ecifying|
|00004c60| 20 74 68 65 20 73 75 72 | 66 61 63 65 20 74 6f 20 | the sur|face to |
|00004c70| 62 65 20 62 6f 75 6e 64 | 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 |be bound| to the |
|00004c80| 70 72 69 6d 69 74 69 76 | 65 20 77 68 65 6e 20 69 |primitiv|e when i|
|00004c90| 74 20 69 73 0a 69 6e 73 | 74 61 6e 74 69 61 74 65 |t is.ins|tantiate|
|00004ca0| 64 2e 20 54 68 69 73 20 | 69 73 20 61 63 63 6f 6d |d. This |is accom|
|00004cb0| 70 6c 69 73 68 65 64 20 | 62 79 20 69 6e 73 65 72 |plished |by inser|
|00004cc0| 74 69 6e 67 20 61 20 6c | 69 73 74 20 6f 66 20 73 |ting a l|ist of s|
|00004cd0| 75 72 66 61 63 65 20 61 | 74 74 72 69 62 75 74 65 |urface a|ttribute|
|00004ce0| 73 0a 6f 72 20 61 20 73 | 75 72 66 61 63 65 20 6e |s.or a s|urface n|
|00004cf0| 61 6d 65 20 61 66 74 65 | 72 20 74 68 65 20 70 72 |ame afte|r the pr|
|00004d00| 69 6d 69 74 69 76 65 27 | 73 20 74 79 70 65 20 6b |imitive'|s type k|
|00004d10| 65 79 77 6f 72 64 20 61 | 6e 64 20 20 62 65 66 6f |eyword a|nd befo|
|00004d20| 72 65 20 74 68 65 20 61 | 63 74 75 61 6c 0a 70 72 |re the a|ctual.pr|
|00004d30| 69 6d 69 74 69 76 65 20 | 64 61 74 61 2e 0a 0a 5c |imitive |data...\|
|00004d40| 62 65 67 69 6e 7b 76 65 | 72 62 61 74 69 6d 20 7d |begin{ve|rbatim }|
|00004d50| 0a 20 20 20 20 2f 2a 0a | 20 20 20 20 20 2a 20 41 |. /*.| * A|
|00004d60| 20 72 65 64 20 27 6d 75 | 64 27 20 63 6f 6c 6f 72 | red 'mu|d' color|
|00004d70| 65 64 20 73 70 68 65 72 | 65 20 72 65 73 65 74 69 |ed spher|e reseti|
|00004d80| 6e 67 20 6f 6e 20 61 0a | 20 20 20 20 20 2a 20 77 |ng on a.| * w|
|00004d90| 68 69 74 65 20 73 70 68 | 65 72 65 2e 20 54 6f 20 |hite sph|ere. To |
|00004da0| 74 68 65 20 72 69 67 68 | 74 20 69 73 20 61 20 73 |the righ|t is a s|
|00004db0| 70 68 65 72 65 20 77 69 | 74 68 0a 20 20 20 20 20 |phere wi|th. |
|00004dc0| 2a 20 64 65 66 61 75 6c | 74 20 73 75 72 66 61 63 |* defaul|t surfac|
|00004dd0| 65 20 61 74 74 72 69 62 | 75 74 65 73 2e 0a 20 20 |e attrib|utes.. |
|00004de0| 20 20 20 2a 2f 0a 20 20 | 20 73 75 72 66 61 63 65 | */. | surface|
|00004df0| 20 6d 75 64 20 61 6d 62 | 69 65 6e 74 20 2e 30 33 | mud amb|ient .03|
|00004e00| 20 30 2e 20 30 2e 20 20 | 64 69 66 66 75 73 65 20 | 0. 0. |diffuse |
|00004e10| 2e 37 20 2e 33 20 30 2e | 0a 20 20 20 20 73 70 68 |.7 .3 0.|. sph|
|00004e20| 65 72 65 20 20 61 6d 62 | 69 65 6e 74 20 2e 30 35 |ere amb|ient .05|
|00004e30| 20 2e 30 35 20 2e 30 35 | 20 64 69 66 66 75 73 65 | .05 .05| diffuse|
|00004e40| 20 2e 37 20 2e 37 20 2e | 37 20 20 20 31 2e 20 30 | .7 .7 .|7 1. 0|
|00004e50| 20 30 20 30 0a 20 20 20 | 20 73 70 68 65 72 65 20 | 0 0. | sphere |
|00004e60| 6d 75 64 20 20 31 2e 20 | 30 20 30 20 32 0a 20 20 |mud 1. |0 0 2. |
|00004e70| 20 20 73 70 68 65 72 65 | 20 31 2e 20 31 2e 35 20 | sphere| 1. 1.5 |
|00004e80| 30 20 30 0a 5c 65 6e 64 | 7b 76 65 72 62 61 74 69 |0 0.\end|{verbati|
|00004e90| 6d 20 7d 0a 0a 48 65 72 | 65 2c 20 77 65 20 64 65 |m }..Her|e, we de|
|00004ea0| 66 69 6e 65 20 61 20 72 | 65 64 20 73 75 72 66 61 |fine a r|ed surfa|
|00004eb0| 63 65 20 6e 61 6d 65 64 | 20 60 60 6d 75 64 27 27 |ce named| ``mud''|
|00004ec0| 2e 20 20 57 65 20 74 68 | 65 6e 20 69 6e 73 74 61 |. We th|en insta|
|00004ed0| 6e 74 69 61 74 65 20 61 | 20 73 70 68 65 72 65 2c |ntiate a| sphere,|
|00004ee0| 0a 77 68 69 63 68 20 68 | 61 73 20 61 20 64 69 66 |.which h|as a dif|
|00004ef0| 66 75 73 65 20 77 68 69 | 74 65 20 73 75 72 66 61 |fuse whi|te surfa|
|00004f00| 63 65 20 62 6f 75 6e 64 | 20 74 6f 20 69 74 2e 20 |ce bound| to it. |
|00004f10| 20 54 68 65 20 20 6e 65 | 78 74 20 6c 69 6e 65 20 | The ne|xt line |
|00004f20| 69 6e 73 74 61 6e 74 69 | 61 74 65 73 0a 61 20 73 |instanti|ates.a s|
|00004f30| 70 68 65 72 65 20 77 69 | 74 68 20 74 68 65 20 64 |phere wi|th the d|
|00004f40| 65 66 69 6e 65 64 20 60 | 60 6d 75 64 27 27 20 73 |efined `|`mud'' s|
|00004f50| 75 72 66 61 63 65 20 62 | 6f 75 6e 64 20 74 6f 20 |urface b|ound to |
|00004f60| 69 74 2e 20 20 54 68 65 | 20 6c 61 73 74 20 6c 69 |it. The| last li|
|00004f70| 6e 65 0a 69 6e 73 74 61 | 6e 74 69 61 74 65 73 20 |ne.insta|ntiates |
|00004f80| 61 20 73 70 68 65 72 65 | 20 77 69 74 68 20 6e 6f |a sphere| with no|
|00004f90| 20 73 75 72 66 61 63 65 | 20 20 62 6f 75 6e 64 20 | surface| bound |
|00004fa0| 74 6f 20 69 74 3b 20 69 | 74 20 69 73 20 61 73 73 |to it; i|t is ass|
|00004fb0| 69 67 6e 65 64 20 74 68 | 65 0a 64 65 66 61 75 6c |igned th|e.defaul|
|00004fc0| 74 20 73 75 72 66 61 63 | 65 20 62 79 20 72 61 79 |t surfac|e by ray|
|00004fd0| 73 68 61 64 65 2e 0a 0a | 54 68 65 20 61 70 70 6c |shade...|The appl|
|00004fe0| 79 73 75 72 66 20 6b 65 | 79 77 6f 72 64 20 6d 61 |ysurf ke|yword ma|
|00004ff0| 79 20 62 65 20 75 73 65 | 64 20 74 6f 20 73 65 74 |y be use|d to set|
|00005000| 20 74 68 65 20 64 65 66 | 61 75 6c 74 20 73 75 72 | the def|ault sur|
|00005010| 66 61 63 65 20 63 68 61 | 72 61 63 74 65 72 69 73 |face cha|racteris|
|00005020| 74 69 63 73 0a 66 6f 72 | 20 74 68 65 20 61 67 67 |tics.for| the agg|
|00005030| 72 65 67 61 74 65 20 6f | 62 6a 65 63 74 20 63 75 |regate o|bject cu|
|00005040| 72 72 65 6e 74 6c 79 20 | 62 65 69 6e 67 20 64 65 |rrently |being de|
|00005050| 66 69 6e 65 64 2e 0a 0a | 61 70 70 6c 79 73 75 72 |fined...|applysur|
|00005060| 66 20 7b 73 75 72 66 61 | 63 65 20 53 70 65 63 69 |f {surfa|ce Speci|
|00005070| 66 69 63 61 74 69 6f 6e | 7d 0a 20 54 68 65 20 73 |fication|}. The s|
|00005080| 70 65 63 69 66 69 65 64 | 20 73 75 72 66 61 63 65 |pecified| surface|
|00005090| 20 69 73 20 61 70 70 6c | 69 65 64 20 74 6f 20 61 | is appl|ied to a|
|000050a0| 6c 6c 20 66 6f 6c 6c 6f | 77 69 6e 67 20 69 6e 73 |ll follo|wing ins|
|000050b0| 74 61 6e 74 69 61 74 65 | 64 20 6f 62 6a 65 63 74 |tantiate|d object|
|000050c0| 73 20 74 68 61 74 0a 64 | 6f 20 6e 6f 74 20 68 61 |s that.d|o not ha|
|000050d0| 76 65 20 73 75 72 66 61 | 63 65 73 20 61 73 73 6f |ve surfa|ces asso|
|000050e0| 63 69 61 74 65 64 20 77 | 69 74 68 20 74 68 65 6d |ciated w|ith them|
|000050f0| 2e 20 54 68 65 20 73 63 | 6f 70 65 20 6f 66 20 74 |. The sc|ope of t|
|00005100| 68 69 73 20 6b 65 79 77 | 6f 72 64 20 69 73 0a 6c |his keyw|ord is.l|
|00005110| 69 6d 69 74 65 64 20 74 | 6f 20 74 68 65 20 61 67 |imited t|o the ag|
|00005120| 67 72 65 67 61 74 65 20 | 63 75 72 72 65 6e 74 6c |gregate |currentl|
|00005130| 79 20 62 65 69 6e 67 20 | 64 65 66 69 6e 65 64 2e |y being |defined.|
|00005140| 0a 0a 5c 62 65 67 69 6e | 7b 76 65 72 62 61 74 69 |..\begin|{verbati|
|00005150| 6d 20 7d 0a 20 20 20 20 | 2f 2a 0a 20 20 20 20 20 |m }. |/*. |
|00005160| 2a 20 4d 69 72 72 6f 72 | 65 64 20 62 61 6c 6c 20 |* Mirror|ed ball |
|00005170| 61 6e 64 20 63 79 6c 69 | 6e 64 65 72 20 73 69 74 |and cyli|nder sit|
|00005180| 74 69 6e 67 20 6f 6e 20 | 27 64 65 66 61 75 6c 74 |ting on |'default|
|00005190| 27 20 70 6c 61 6e 65 2e | 0a 20 20 20 20 20 2a 2f |' plane.|. */|
|000051a0| 0a 20 20 20 20 73 75 72 | 66 61 63 65 20 6d 69 72 |. sur|face mir|
|000051b0| 72 6f 72 20 2e 30 31 20 | 2e 30 31 20 2e 30 31 20 |ror .01 |.01 .01 |
|000051c0| 20 64 69 66 66 75 73 65 | 20 2e 30 35 20 2e 30 35 | diffuse| .05 .05|
|000051d0| 20 2e 30 35 0a 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | .05. | |
|000051e0| 20 73 70 65 63 75 6c 61 | 72 20 2e 38 20 2e 38 20 | specula|r .8 .8 |
|000051f0| 2e 38 20 73 70 65 63 63 | 6f 65 66 20 32 30 20 20 |.8 specc|oef 20 |
|00005200| 72 65 66 6c 65 63 74 20 | 30 2e 39 35 0a 0a 20 20 |reflect |0.95.. |
|00005210| 20 20 70 6c 61 6e 65 20 | 30 20 30 20 30 20 20 30 | plane |0 0 0 0|
|00005220| 20 30 20 31 0a 20 20 20 | 20 61 70 70 6c 79 73 75 | 0 1. | applysu|
|00005230| 72 66 20 6d 69 72 72 6f | 72 0a 20 20 20 20 73 70 |rf mirro|r. sp|
|00005240| 68 65 72 65 20 31 20 30 | 20 30 20 30 0a 20 20 20 |here 1 0| 0 0. |
|00005250| 20 63 79 6c 69 6e 64 65 | 72 20 31 20 20 33 20 30 | cylinde|r 1 3 0|
|00005260| 20 30 20 20 33 20 30 20 | 33 0a 5c 65 6e 64 7b 76 | 0 3 0 |3.\end{v|
|00005270| 65 72 62 61 74 69 6d 20 | 7d 0a 0a 46 6f 72 20 63 |erbatim |}..For c|
|00005280| 6f 6e 76 65 6e 69 65 6e | 63 65 2c 20 74 68 65 20 |onvenien|ce, the |
|00005290| 6e 61 6d 65 20 63 75 72 | 73 75 72 66 20 6d 61 79 |name cur|surf may|
|000052a0| 20 62 65 20 75 73 65 64 | 20 74 6f 20 72 65 66 65 | be used| to refe|
|000052b0| 72 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 | 20 63 75 72 72 65 6e 74 |r to the| current|
|000052c0| 0a 64 65 66 61 75 6c 74 | 20 73 75 72 66 61 63 65 |.default| surface|
|000052d0| 2e 0a 0a 54 68 65 20 75 | 74 69 6c 69 74 79 20 6f |...The u|tility o|
|000052e0| 66 20 62 6f 74 74 6f 6d | 2d 75 70 20 62 69 6e 64 |f bottom|-up bind|
|000052f0| 69 6e 67 20 6f 66 20 73 | 75 72 66 61 63 65 73 20 |ing of s|urfaces |
|00005300| 6c 69 65 73 20 69 6e 20 | 74 68 65 20 66 61 63 74 |lies in |the fact|
|00005310| 20 74 68 61 74 20 6f 6e | 65 20 6d 61 79 0a 62 65 | that on|e may.be|
|00005320| 20 61 73 20 61 64 61 6d | 61 6e 74 20 6f 72 20 61 | as adam|ant or a|
|00005330| 73 20 6e 6f 6e 63 6f 6d | 6d 69 74 74 61 6c 20 61 |s noncom|mittal a|
|00005340| 62 6f 75 74 20 73 75 72 | 66 61 63 65 20 62 69 6e |bout sur|face bin|
|00005350| 64 69 6e 67 20 20 61 73 | 20 6f 6e 65 20 73 65 65 |ding as| one see|
|00005360| 73 20 66 69 74 20 77 68 | 65 6e 0a 64 65 66 69 6e |s fit wh|en.defin|
|00005370| 69 6e 67 20 6f 62 6a 65 | 63 74 73 2e 20 20 46 6f |ing obje|cts. Fo|
|00005380| 72 20 65 78 61 6d 70 6c | 65 2c 20 6f 6e 65 20 63 |r exampl|e, one c|
|00005390| 6f 75 6c 64 20 64 65 66 | 69 6e 65 20 61 20 6b 69 |ould def|ine a ki|
|000053a0| 6e 67 20 63 68 65 73 73 | 20 70 69 65 63 65 0a 63 |ng chess| piece.c|
|000053b0| 6f 6e 73 69 73 74 69 6e | 67 20 6f 66 20 74 72 69 |onsistin|g of tri|
|000053c0| 61 6e 67 6c 65 73 20 74 | 68 61 74 20 68 61 76 65 |angles t|hat have|
|000053d0| 20 6e 6f 20 20 73 75 72 | 66 61 63 65 20 62 6f 75 | no sur|face bou|
|000053e0| 6e 64 20 74 6f 20 74 68 | 65 6d 2c 20 73 61 76 65 |nd to th|em, save|
|000053f0| 20 66 6f 72 20 74 68 65 | 0a 63 72 6f 73 73 20 6f | for the|.cross o|
|00005400| 6e 20 74 6f 70 2c 20 77 | 68 69 63 68 20 68 61 73 |n top, w|hich has|
|00005410| 20 61 20 67 6f 6c 64 2d | 63 6f 6c 6f 72 65 64 20 | a gold-|colored |
|00005420| 73 75 72 66 61 63 65 20 | 61 73 73 6f 63 69 61 74 |surface |associat|
|00005430| 65 64 20 77 69 74 68 20 | 69 74 2e 20 20 4f 6e 65 |ed with |it. One|
|00005440| 20 6d 61 79 0a 74 68 65 | 6e 20 69 6e 73 74 61 6e | may.the|n instan|
|00005450| 74 69 61 74 65 20 20 74 | 68 65 20 6b 69 6e 67 20 |tiate t|he king |
|00005460| 74 77 69 63 65 2c 20 6f | 6e 63 65 20 61 70 70 6c |twice, o|nce appl|
|00005470| 79 69 6e 67 20 61 20 62 | 6c 61 63 6b 20 73 75 72 |ying a b|lack sur|
|00005480| 66 61 63 65 2c 20 61 6e | 64 20 6f 6e 63 65 0a 61 |face, an|d once.a|
|00005490| 70 70 6c 79 69 6e 67 20 | 61 20 77 68 69 74 65 20 |pplying |a white |
|000054a0| 73 75 72 66 61 63 65 2e | 20 20 54 68 65 20 72 65 |surface.| The re|
|000054b0| 73 75 6c 74 3a 20 20 61 | 20 62 6c 61 63 6b 20 6b |sult: a| black k|
|000054c0| 69 6e 67 20 61 6e 64 20 | 61 20 77 68 69 74 65 20 |ing and |a white |
|000054d0| 6b 69 6e 67 2c 20 65 61 | 63 68 0a 61 64 6f 72 6e |king, ea|ch.adorn|
|000054e0| 65 64 20 77 69 74 68 20 | 61 20 67 6f 6c 64 65 6e |ed with |a golden|
|000054f0| 20 63 72 6f 73 73 2e 0a | 0a 5c 62 65 67 69 6e 7b | cross..|.\begin{|
|00005500| 76 65 72 62 61 74 69 6d | 20 7d 0a 20 20 20 20 73 |verbatim| }. s|
|00005510| 75 72 66 61 63 65 20 77 | 68 69 74 65 20 2e 2e 2e |urface w|hite ...|
|00005520| 0a 20 20 20 20 73 75 72 | 66 61 63 65 20 62 6c 61 |. sur|face bla|
|00005530| 63 6b 20 2e 2e 2e 0a 20 | 20 20 20 73 75 72 66 61 |ck .... | surfa|
|00005540| 63 65 20 67 6f 6c 64 20 | 20 2e 2e 2e 0a 20 20 20 |ce gold | .... |
|00005550| 20 2e 2e 2e 0a 20 20 20 | 20 64 65 66 69 6e 65 20 | .... | define |
|00005560| 63 72 6f 73 73 0a 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |cross. | |
|00005570| 20 20 62 6f 78 20 78 20 | 79 20 7a 20 20 78 20 79 | box x |y z x y|
|00005580| 20 7a 0a 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 2e | z. | .|
|00005590| 2e 2e 0a 20 20 20 20 64 | 65 66 65 6e 64 0a 20 20 |... d|efend. |
|000055a0| 20 20 64 65 66 69 6e 65 | 20 6b 69 6e 67 0a 20 20 | define| king. |
|000055b0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 74 72 69 61 6e 67 | | triang|
|000055c0| 6c 65 20 78 20 79 20 7a | 20 20 78 20 79 20 7a 20 |le x y z| x y z |
|000055d0| 20 78 20 79 20 7a 0a 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | x y z. | |
|000055e0| 20 20 20 2e 2e 2e 0a 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | .... | |
|000055f0| 20 20 20 6f 62 6a 65 63 | 74 20 67 6f 6c 64 20 63 | objec|t gold c|
|00005600| 72 6f 73 73 0a 20 20 20 | 20 64 65 66 65 6e 64 0a |ross. | defend.|
|00005610| 0a 20 20 20 20 6f 62 6a | 65 63 74 20 77 68 69 74 |. obj|ect whit|
|00005620| 65 20 6b 69 6e 67 20 74 | 72 61 6e 73 6c 61 74 65 |e king t|ranslate|
|00005630| 20 31 2e 20 30 20 30 0a | 20 20 20 20 6f 62 6a 65 | 1. 0 0.| obje|
|00005640| 63 74 20 62 6c 61 63 6b | 20 6b 69 6e 67 0a 5c 65 |ct black| king.\e|
|00005650| 6e 64 7b 76 65 72 62 61 | 74 69 6d 20 7d 0a 0a 0a |nd{verba|tim }...|
|00005660| 0a 0a 0a 4f 62 6a 65 63 | 74 73 0a 0a 4f 62 6a 65 |...Objec|ts..Obje|
|00005670| 63 74 73 20 69 6e 20 72 | 61 79 73 68 61 64 65 20 |cts in r|ayshade |
|00005680| 61 72 65 20 63 6f 6d 70 | 6f 73 65 64 20 6f 66 20 |are comp|osed of |
|00005690| 72 65 6c 61 74 69 76 65 | 6c 79 20 73 69 6d 70 6c |relative|ly simpl|
|000056a0| 65 20 20 70 72 69 6d 69 | 74 69 76 65 20 6f 62 6a |e primi|tive obj|
|000056b0| 65 63 74 73 2e 0a 54 68 | 65 73 65 20 70 72 69 6d |ects..Th|ese prim|
|000056c0| 69 74 69 76 65 73 20 6d | 61 79 20 62 65 20 75 73 |itives m|ay be us|
|000056d0| 65 64 20 62 79 20 74 68 | 65 6d 73 65 6c 76 65 73 |ed by th|emselves|
|000056e0| 2c 20 6f 72 20 74 68 65 | 79 20 20 6d 61 79 20 62 |, or the|y may b|
|000056f0| 65 20 63 6f 6d 62 69 6e | 65 64 20 74 6f 20 66 6f |e combin|ed to fo|
|00005700| 72 6d 0a 6d 6f 72 65 20 | 63 6f 6d 70 6c 65 78 20 |rm.more |complex |
|00005710| 6f 62 6a 65 63 74 73 20 | 6b 6e 6f 77 6e 20 61 73 |objects |known as|
|00005720| 20 61 67 67 72 65 67 61 | 74 65 73 2e 20 41 20 73 | aggrega|tes. A s|
|00005730| 70 65 63 69 61 6c 20 66 | 61 6d 69 6c 79 20 6f 66 |pecial f|amily of|
|00005740| 20 61 67 67 72 65 67 61 | 74 65 0a 6f 62 6a 65 63 | aggrega|te.objec|
|00005750| 74 73 2c 20 20 43 6f 6e | 73 74 72 75 63 74 69 76 |ts, Con|structiv|
|00005760| 65 20 53 6f 6c 69 64 20 | 47 65 6f 6d 65 74 72 79 |e Solid |Geometry|
|00005770| 20 6f 72 20 43 53 47 20 | 6f 62 6a 65 63 74 73 2c | or CSG |objects,|
|00005780| 20 61 72 65 20 74 68 65 | 20 72 65 73 75 6c 74 20 | are the| result |
|00005790| 6f 66 20 61 0a 62 6f 6f | 6c 65 61 6e 20 6f 70 65 |of a.boo|lean ope|
|000057a0| 72 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 | 20 61 70 70 6c 69 65 64 |rations | applied|
|000057b0| 20 74 6f 20 70 72 69 6d | 69 74 69 76 65 2c 20 61 | to prim|itive, a|
|000057c0| 67 67 72 65 67 61 74 65 | 2c 20 6f 72 20 43 53 47 |ggregate|, or CSG|
|000057d0| 20 6f 62 6a 65 63 74 73 | 2e 0a 0a 54 68 69 73 20 | objects|...This |
|000057e0| 63 68 61 70 74 65 72 20 | 64 65 73 63 72 69 62 65 |chapter |describe|
|000057f0| 73 20 6f 62 6a 65 63 74 | 73 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 61 |s object|s from a|
|00005800| 20 73 74 72 69 63 74 6c | 79 20 67 65 6f 6d 65 74 | strictl|y geomet|
|00005810| 72 69 63 20 70 6f 69 6e | 74 20 6f 66 20 76 69 65 |ric poin|t of vie|
|00005820| 77 2e 0a 4c 61 74 65 72 | 20 63 68 61 70 74 65 72 |w..Later| chapter|
|00005830| 73 20 6f 6e 20 73 75 72 | 66 61 63 65 73 2c 20 74 |s on sur|faces, t|
|00005840| 65 78 74 75 72 65 73 2c | 20 61 6e 64 20 73 68 61 |extures,| and sha|
|00005850| 64 69 6e 67 20 64 65 73 | 63 72 69 62 65 20 20 68 |ding des|cribe h|
|00005860| 6f 77 20 6f 62 6a 65 63 | 74 0a 61 70 70 65 61 72 |ow objec|t.appear|
|00005870| 61 6e 63 65 73 20 61 72 | 65 20 64 65 66 69 6e 65 |ances ar|e define|
|00005880| 64 2e 0a 0a 41 6e 20 69 | 6e 73 74 61 6e 63 65 20 |d...An i|nstance |
|00005890| 69 73 20 61 6e 20 6f 62 | 6a 65 63 74 20 74 68 61 |is an ob|ject tha|
|000058a0| 74 20 68 61 73 20 6f 70 | 74 69 6f 6e 61 6c 6c 79 |t has op|tionally|
|000058b0| 20 62 65 65 6e 20 74 72 | 61 6e 73 66 6f 72 6d 65 | been tr|ansforme|
|000058c0| 64 20 61 6e 64 20 74 65 | 78 74 75 72 65 64 2e 0a |d and te|xtured..|
|000058d0| 54 68 65 79 20 61 72 65 | 20 74 68 65 20 65 6e 74 |They are| the ent|
|000058e0| 69 74 69 65 73 20 74 68 | 61 74 20 61 72 65 20 61 |ities th|at are a|
|000058f0| 63 74 75 61 6c 6c 79 20 | 72 65 6e 64 65 72 65 64 |ctually |rendered|
|00005900| 20 62 79 20 20 72 61 79 | 73 68 61 64 65 3b 20 77 | by ray|shade; w|
|00005910| 68 65 6e 20 79 6f 75 0a | 73 70 65 63 69 66 79 20 |hen you.|specify |
|00005920| 74 68 61 74 2c 20 66 6f | 72 20 65 78 61 6d 70 6c |that, fo|r exampl|
|00005930| 65 2c 20 61 20 74 65 78 | 74 75 72 65 64 20 73 70 |e, a tex|tured sp|
|00005940| 68 65 72 65 20 69 73 20 | 74 6f 20 62 65 20 72 65 |here is |to be re|
|00005950| 6e 64 65 72 65 64 2c 20 | 79 6f 75 20 61 72 65 20 |ndered, |you are |
|00005960| 73 61 69 64 0a 74 6f 20 | 62 65 20 69 6e 73 74 61 |said.to |be insta|
|00005970| 6e 74 69 61 74 69 6e 67 | 20 74 68 65 20 74 65 78 |ntiating| the tex|
|00005980| 74 75 72 65 64 20 20 73 | 70 68 65 72 65 2e 20 41 |tured s|phere. A|
|00005990| 6e 20 69 6e 73 74 61 6e | 63 65 20 69 73 20 73 70 |n instan|ce is sp|
|000059a0| 65 63 69 66 69 65 64 20 | 61 73 20 61 0a 70 72 69 |ecified |as a.pri|
|000059b0| 6d 69 74 69 76 65 2c 20 | 61 67 67 72 65 67 61 74 |mitive, |aggregat|
|000059c0| 65 2c 20 6f 72 20 43 53 | 47 20 6f 62 6a 65 63 74 |e, or CS|G object|
|000059d0| 20 74 68 61 74 20 69 73 | 20 66 6f 6c 6c 6f 77 65 | that is| followe|
|000059e0| 64 20 62 79 20 6f 70 74 | 69 6f 6e 61 6c 0a 74 72 |d by opt|ional.tr|
|000059f0| 61 6e 73 66 6f 72 6d 61 | 74 69 6f 6e 20 61 6e 64 |ansforma|tion and|
|00005a00| 20 74 65 78 74 75 72 69 | 6e 67 20 20 69 6e 66 6f | texturi|ng info|
|00005a10| 72 6d 61 74 69 6f 6e 2e | 20 54 72 61 6e 73 66 6f |rmation.| Transfo|
|00005a20| 72 6d 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 | 20 61 6e 64 20 74 65 78 |rmations| and tex|
|00005a30| 74 75 72 65 73 20 61 72 | 65 0a 64 65 73 63 72 69 |tures ar|e.descri|
|00005a40| 62 65 64 20 69 6e 20 43 | 68 61 70 74 65 72 73 20 |bed in C|hapters |
|00005a50| 37 20 61 6e 64 20 38 20 | 72 65 73 70 65 63 74 69 |7 and 8 |respecti|
|00005a60| 76 65 6c 79 2e 0a 0a 0a | 57 6f 72 6c 64 20 4f 62 |vely....|World Ob|
|00005a70| 6a 65 63 74 0a 0a 57 72 | 69 74 69 6e 67 20 61 20 |ject..Wr|iting a |
|00005a80| 72 61 79 73 68 61 64 65 | 20 69 6e 70 75 74 20 66 |rayshade| input f|
|00005a90| 69 6c 65 20 69 73 20 70 | 72 69 6e 63 69 70 61 6c |ile is p|rincipal|
|00005aa0| 6c 79 20 61 20 6d 61 74 | 74 65 72 20 6f 66 20 64 |ly a mat|ter of d|
|00005ab0| 65 66 69 6e 69 6e 67 20 | 61 20 73 70 65 63 69 61 |efining |a specia|
|00005ac0| 6c 0a 61 67 67 72 65 67 | 61 74 65 20 6f 62 6a 65 |l.aggreg|ate obje|
|00005ad0| 63 74 2c 20 74 68 65 20 | 57 6f 72 6c 64 20 6f 62 |ct, the |World ob|
|00005ae0| 6a 65 63 74 2c 20 77 68 | 69 63 68 20 69 73 20 61 |ject, wh|ich is a|
|00005af0| 20 6c 69 73 74 20 6f 66 | 20 74 68 65 20 20 6f 62 | list of| the ob|
|00005b00| 6a 65 63 74 73 20 69 6e | 20 74 68 65 0a 73 63 65 |jects in| the.sce|
|00005b10| 6e 65 2e 20 20 57 68 65 | 6e 20 77 72 69 74 69 6e |ne. Whe|n writin|
|00005b20| 67 20 61 20 72 61 79 73 | 68 61 64 65 20 69 6e 70 |g a rays|hade inp|
|00005b30| 75 74 20 66 69 6c 65 2c | 20 61 6c 6c 20 6f 62 6a |ut file,| all obj|
|00005b40| 65 63 74 73 20 74 68 61 | 74 20 61 72 65 0a 69 6e |ects tha|t are.in|
|00005b50| 73 74 61 6e 74 69 61 74 | 65 64 20 6f 75 74 73 69 |stantiat|ed outsi|
|00005b60| 64 65 20 6f 66 20 6f 62 | 6a 65 63 74 2d 64 65 66 |de of ob|ject-def|
|00005b70| 69 6e 69 74 69 6f 6e 20 | 62 6c 6f 63 6b 73 20 61 |inition |blocks a|
|00005b80| 72 65 20 20 61 64 64 65 | 64 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 |re adde|d to the|
|00005b90| 20 57 6f 72 6c 64 0a 6f | 62 6a 65 63 74 3b 20 79 | World.o|bject; y|
|00005ba0| 6f 75 20 6e 65 65 64 20 | 6e 6f 74 20 28 6e 6f 74 |ou need |not (not|
|00005bb0| 20 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 | 79 6f 75 29 20 64 65 66 | should |you) def|
|00005bc0| 69 6e 65 20 74 68 65 20 | 57 6f 72 6c 64 20 6f 62 |ine the |World ob|
|00005bd0| 6a 65 63 74 20 65 78 70 | 6c 69 63 69 74 6c 79 20 |ject exp|licitly |
|00005be0| 69 6e 0a 74 68 65 20 69 | 6e 70 75 74 20 66 69 6c |in.the i|nput fil|
|00005bf0| 65 2e 0a 0a 0a 50 72 69 | 6d 69 74 69 76 65 73 20 |e....Pri|mitives |
|00005c00| 0a 0a 50 72 69 6d 69 74 | 69 76 65 20 6f 62 6a 65 |..Primit|ive obje|
|00005c10| 63 74 73 20 61 72 65 20 | 74 68 65 20 62 75 69 6c |cts are |the buil|
|00005c20| 64 69 6e 67 20 62 6f 78 | 20 77 69 74 68 20 77 68 |ding box| with wh|
|00005c30| 69 63 68 20 6f 74 68 65 | 72 20 6f 62 6a 65 63 74 |ich othe|r object|
|00005c40| 73 20 61 72 65 20 63 72 | 65 61 74 65 64 2e 0a 45 |s are cr|eated..E|
|00005c50| 61 63 68 20 70 72 69 6d | 69 74 69 76 65 20 74 79 |ach prim|itive ty|
|00005c60| 70 65 20 68 61 73 20 61 | 73 73 6f 63 69 61 74 65 |pe has a|ssociate|
|00005c70| 64 20 77 69 74 68 20 69 | 74 20 73 70 65 63 69 61 |d with i|t specia|
|00005c80| 6c 69 7a 65 64 20 6d 65 | 74 68 6f 64 73 20 66 6f |lized me|thods fo|
|00005c90| 72 20 63 72 65 61 74 69 | 6f 6e 2c 0a 69 6e 74 65 |r creati|on,.inte|
|00005ca0| 72 73 65 63 74 69 6f 6e | 20 77 69 74 68 20 61 20 |rsection| with a |
|00005cb0| 72 61 79 2c 20 62 6f 75 | 6e 64 69 6e 67 20 62 6f |ray, bou|nding bo|
|00005cc0| 78 20 63 61 6c 63 75 6c | 61 74 69 6f 6e 2c 20 73 |x calcul|ation, s|
|00005cd0| 75 72 66 61 63 65 20 6e | 6f 72 6d 61 6c 0a 63 61 |urface n|ormal.ca|
|00005ce0| 6c 63 75 6c 61 74 69 6f | 6e 2c 20 72 61 79 20 65 |lculatio|n, ray e|
|00005cf0| 6e 74 65 72 2f 65 78 69 | 74 20 63 6c 61 73 73 69 |nter/exi|t classi|
|00005d00| 66 69 63 61 74 69 6f 6e | 2c 20 20 61 6e 64 20 66 |fication|, and f|
|00005d10| 6f 72 20 74 68 65 20 63 | 6f 6d 70 75 74 61 74 69 |or the c|omputati|
|00005d20| 6f 6e 20 32 44 0a 74 65 | 78 74 75 72 65 20 63 6f |on 2D.te|xture co|
|00005d30| 6f 72 64 69 6e 61 74 65 | 73 20 74 65 72 6d 65 64 |ordinate|s termed|
|00005d40| 20 20 75 2d 76 20 63 6f | 6f 72 64 69 6e 61 74 65 | u-v co|ordinate|
|00005d50| 73 2e 20 54 68 69 73 20 | 6c 61 74 74 65 72 20 6d |s. This |latter m|
|00005d60| 65 74 68 6f 64 20 69 73 | 20 6f 66 74 65 6e 0a 72 |ethod is| often.r|
|00005d70| 65 66 65 72 72 65 64 20 | 74 6f 20 61 73 20 74 68 |eferred |to as th|
|00005d80| 65 20 69 6e 76 65 72 73 | 65 20 6d 61 70 70 69 6e |e invers|e mappin|
|00005d90| 67 20 6d 65 74 68 6f 64 | 2e 0a 0a 57 68 69 6c 65 |g method|...While|
|00005da0| 20 6d 6f 73 74 20 6f 66 | 20 74 68 65 73 65 20 6d | most of| these m|
|00005db0| 65 74 68 6f 64 73 20 73 | 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 62 65 |ethods s|hould be|
|00005dc0| 20 6f 66 20 6c 69 74 74 | 6c 65 20 63 6f 6e 63 65 | of litt|le conce|
|00005dd0| 72 6e 20 74 6f 20 79 6f | 75 2c 20 74 68 65 20 69 |rn to yo|u, the i|
|00005de0| 6e 76 65 72 73 65 0a 6d | 61 70 70 69 6e 67 20 6d |nverse.m|apping m|
|00005df0| 65 74 68 6f 64 73 20 77 | 69 6c 6c 20 61 66 66 65 |ethods w|ill affe|
|00005e00| 63 74 20 74 68 65 20 77 | 61 79 20 69 6e 20 77 68 |ct the w|ay in wh|
|00005e10| 69 63 68 20 63 65 72 74 | 61 69 6e 20 20 74 65 78 |ich cert|ain tex|
|00005e20| 74 75 72 65 73 20 61 72 | 65 20 61 70 70 6c 69 65 |tures ar|e applie|
|00005e30| 64 0a 74 6f 20 70 72 69 | 6d 69 74 69 76 65 73 2e |d.to pri|mitives.|
|00005e40| 20 49 6e 76 65 72 73 65 | 20 6d 61 70 70 69 6e 67 | Inverse| mapping|
|00005e50| 20 69 73 20 61 20 6d 61 | 74 74 65 72 20 6f 66 20 | is a ma|tter of |
|00005e60| 63 6f 6d 70 75 74 69 6e | 67 20 6e 6f 72 6d 61 6c |computin|g normal|
|00005e70| 69 7a 65 64 20 75 20 61 | 6e 64 20 76 0a 63 6f 6f |ized u a|nd v.coo|
|00005e80| 72 64 69 6e 61 74 65 73 | 20 66 6f 72 20 61 20 67 |rdinates| for a g|
|00005e90| 69 76 65 6e 20 70 6f 69 | 6e 74 20 6f 6e 20 20 74 |iven poi|nt on t|
|00005ea0| 68 65 20 73 75 72 66 61 | 63 65 20 6f 66 20 74 68 |he surfa|ce of th|
|00005eb0| 65 20 70 72 69 6d 69 74 | 69 76 65 2e 20 20 46 6f |e primit|ive. Fo|
|00005ec0| 72 20 70 6c 61 6e 61 72 | 0a 6f 62 6a 65 63 74 73 |r planar|.objects|
|00005ed0| 2c 20 74 68 65 20 75 20 | 61 6e 64 20 76 20 63 6f |, the u |and v co|
|00005ee0| 6f 72 64 69 6e 61 74 65 | 73 20 6f 66 20 61 20 70 |ordinate|s of a p|
|00005ef0| 6f 69 6e 74 20 61 72 65 | 20 63 6f 6d 70 75 74 65 |oint are| compute|
|00005f00| 64 20 62 79 20 6c 69 6e | 65 61 72 0a 69 6e 74 65 |d by lin|ear.inte|
|00005f10| 72 70 6f 6c 61 74 69 6f | 6e 20 62 61 73 65 64 20 |rpolatio|n based |
|00005f20| 20 75 70 6f 6e 20 74 68 | 65 20 75 20 61 6e 64 20 | upon th|e u and |
|00005f30| 76 20 63 6f 6f 72 64 69 | 6e 61 74 65 73 20 61 73 |v coordi|nates as|
|00005f40| 73 69 67 6e 65 64 20 74 | 6f 20 76 65 72 74 69 63 |signed t|o vertic|
|00005f50| 65 73 20 6f 72 0a 6f 74 | 68 65 72 20 6b 6e 6f 77 |es or.ot|her know|
|00005f60| 6e 20 70 6f 69 6e 74 73 | 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 20 |n points| on the |
|00005f70| 70 72 69 6d 69 74 69 76 | 65 2e 20 20 46 6f 72 20 |primitiv|e. For |
|00005f80| 6e 6f 6e 2d 70 6c 61 6e | 61 72 20 6f 62 6a 65 63 |non-plan|ar objec|
|00005f90| 74 73 2c 20 75 76 20 63 | 6f 6d 70 75 74 61 74 69 |ts, uv c|omputati|
|00005fa0| 6f 6e 0a 63 61 6e 20 62 | 65 20 63 6f 6e 73 69 64 |on.can b|e consid|
|00005fb0| 65 72 61 62 6c 79 20 6d | 6f 72 65 20 69 6e 76 6f |erably m|ore invo|
|00005fc0| 6c 76 65 64 2e 0a 0a 54 | 68 69 73 20 73 65 63 74 |lved...T|his sect|
|00005fd0| 69 6f 6e 20 62 72 69 65 | 66 6c 79 20 64 65 73 63 |ion brie|fly desc|
|00005fe0| 72 69 62 65 73 20 65 61 | 63 68 20 70 72 69 6d 69 |ribes ea|ch primi|
|00005ff0| 74 69 76 65 20 61 6e 64 | 20 74 68 65 20 73 79 6e |tive and| the syn|
|00006000| 74 61 78 20 74 68 61 74 | 20 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 |tax that| should |
|00006010| 62 65 0a 75 73 65 64 20 | 74 6f 20 63 72 65 61 74 |be.used |to creat|
|00006020| 65 20 61 6e 20 69 6e 73 | 74 61 6e 63 65 20 6f 66 |e an ins|tance of|
|00006030| 20 74 68 65 20 70 72 69 | 6d 69 74 69 76 65 2e 20 | the pri|mitive. |
|00006040| 49 74 20 61 6c 73 6f 20 | 20 64 65 73 63 72 69 62 |It also | describ|
|00006050| 65 73 20 74 68 65 20 69 | 6e 76 65 72 73 65 0a 6d |es the i|nverse.m|
|00006060| 61 70 70 69 6e 67 20 6d | 65 74 68 6f 64 2c 20 69 |apping m|ethod, i|
|00006070| 66 20 61 6e 79 2c 20 66 | 6f 72 20 65 61 63 68 20 |f any, f|or each |
|00006080| 74 79 70 65 2e 0a 0a 62 | 6c 6f 62 20 20 74 68 72 |type...b|lob thr|
|00006090| 65 73 68 20 20 73 74 20 | 20 72 20 20 65 76 65 63 |esh st | r evec|
|000060a0| 7b 70 20 7d 20 20 5b 73 | 74 20 20 72 20 20 65 76 |{p } [s|t r ev|
|000060b0| 65 63 7b 70 20 7d 20 20 | 6c 64 6f 74 73 5d 0a 44 |ec{p } |ldots].D|
|000060c0| 65 66 69 6e 65 73 20 61 | 20 62 6c 6f 62 20 77 69 |efines a| blob wi|
|000060d0| 74 68 20 63 6f 6e 73 69 | 73 74 69 6e 67 20 6f 66 |th consi|sting of|
|000060e0| 20 61 20 74 68 72 65 73 | 68 6f 6c 64 20 65 71 75 | a thres|hold equ|
|000060f0| 61 6c 20 74 6f 20 20 74 | 68 72 65 73 68 20 61 6e |al to t|hresh an|
|00006100| 64 20 61 20 67 72 6f 75 | 70 0a 6f 66 20 6f 6e 65 |d a grou|p.of one|
|00006110| 20 6f 72 20 6f 72 65 20 | 6d 65 74 61 62 61 6c 6c | or ore |metaball|
|00006120| 73 2e 20 20 45 61 63 68 | 20 20 6d 65 74 61 62 61 |s. Each| metaba|
|00006130| 6c 6c 20 69 73 20 64 65 | 66 69 6e 65 64 20 62 79 |ll is de|fined by|
|00006140| 20 69 74 73 20 70 6f 73 | 69 74 69 6f 6e 0a 65 76 | its pos|ition.ev|
|00006150| 65 63 7b 70 20 7d 2c 20 | 72 61 64 69 75 73 20 20 |ec{p }, |radius |
|00006160| 72 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 73 | 74 72 65 6e 67 74 68 20 |r, and s|trength |
|00006170| 20 73 74 2e 20 46 6f 72 | 20 6e 6f 77 2c 20 73 65 | st. For| now, se|
|00006180| 65 20 74 68 65 20 73 6f | 75 72 63 65 20 63 6f 64 |e the so|urce cod|
|00006190| 65 20 66 6f 72 20 6d 6f | 72 65 0a 65 78 70 6c 69 |e for mo|re.expli|
|000061a0| 63 69 74 20 64 6f 63 75 | 6d 65 6e 74 61 74 69 6f |cit docu|mentatio|
|000061b0| 6e 2e 20 54 68 65 72 65 | 20 69 73 20 6e 6f 20 69 |n. There| is no i|
|000061c0| 6e 76 65 72 73 65 20 6d | 61 70 70 69 6e 67 20 6d |nverse m|apping m|
|000061d0| 65 74 68 6f 64 20 66 6f | 72 20 62 6c 6f 62 73 2e |ethod fo|r blobs.|
|000061e0| 0a 0a 62 6f 78 20 20 65 | 76 65 63 7b 63 6f 72 6e |..box e|vec{corn|
|000061f0| 65 72 31 20 7d 20 20 65 | 76 65 63 7b 63 6f 72 6e |er1 } e|vec{corn|
|00006200| 65 72 32 20 7d 0a 43 72 | 65 61 74 65 73 20 61 6e |er2 }.Cr|eates an|
|00006210| 20 61 78 69 73 2d 61 6c | 69 67 6e 65 64 20 62 6f | axis-al|igned bo|
|00006220| 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 68 | 61 73 20 20 65 76 65 63 | which h|as evec|
|00006230| 7b 63 6f 72 6e 65 72 31 | 20 7d 20 61 6e 64 20 20 |{corner1| } and |
|00006240| 65 76 65 63 7b 63 6f 72 | 6e 65 72 32 20 7d 20 61 |evec{cor|ner2 } a|
|00006250| 73 0a 6f 70 70 6f 73 69 | 74 65 20 63 6f 72 6e 65 |s.opposi|te corne|
|00006260| 72 73 2e 20 54 72 61 6e | 73 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 69 |rs. Tran|sformati|
|00006270| 6f 6e 73 20 6d 61 79 20 | 62 65 20 61 70 70 6c 69 |ons may |be appli|
|00006280| 65 64 20 74 6f 20 74 68 | 65 20 62 6f 78 20 69 66 |ed to th|e box if|
|00006290| 20 61 0a 6e 6f 6e 2d 61 | 78 69 73 2d 61 6c 69 67 | a.non-a|xis-alig|
|000062a0| 6e 65 64 20 69 6e 73 74 | 61 6e 63 65 20 69 73 20 |ned inst|ance is |
|000062b0| 72 65 71 75 69 72 65 64 | 2e 20 20 54 68 65 72 65 |required|. There|
|000062c0| 20 69 73 20 6e 6f 20 69 | 6e 76 65 72 73 65 20 6d | is no i|nverse m|
|000062d0| 61 70 70 69 6e 67 20 6d | 65 74 68 6f 64 0a 66 6f |apping m|ethod.fo|
|000062e0| 72 20 20 62 6f 78 65 73 | 2e 0a 0a 73 70 68 65 72 |r boxes|...spher|
|000062f0| 65 20 20 72 61 64 69 75 | 73 20 20 65 76 65 63 7b |e radiu|s evec{|
|00006300| 63 65 6e 74 65 72 20 7d | 0a 43 72 65 61 74 65 73 |center }|.Creates|
|00006310| 20 61 20 73 70 68 65 72 | 65 20 77 69 74 68 20 74 | a spher|e with t|
|00006320| 68 65 20 67 69 76 65 6e | 20 72 61 64 69 75 73 20 |he given| radius |
|00006330| 61 6e 64 20 63 65 6e 74 | 65 72 65 64 20 61 74 20 |and cent|ered at |
|00006340| 74 68 65 20 67 69 76 65 | 6e 20 70 6f 73 69 74 69 |the give|n positi|
|00006350| 6f 6e 2e 0a 4e 6f 74 65 | 20 74 68 61 74 20 65 6c |on..Note| that el|
|00006360| 6c 69 70 73 6f 69 64 73 | 20 6d 61 79 20 62 65 20 |lipsoids| may be |
|00006370| 63 72 65 61 74 65 64 20 | 62 79 20 61 70 70 6c 79 |created |by apply|
|00006380| 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 | 70 72 6f 70 65 72 20 73 |ing the |proper s|
|00006390| 63 61 6c 69 6e 67 20 74 | 6f 20 61 0a 73 70 68 65 |caling t|o a.sphe|
|000063a0| 72 65 2e 20 20 49 6e 76 | 65 72 73 65 20 6d 61 70 |re. Inv|erse map|
|000063b0| 70 69 6e 67 20 6f 6e 20 | 74 68 65 20 73 70 68 65 |ping on |the sphe|
|000063c0| 72 65 20 69 73 20 61 63 | 63 6f 6d 70 6c 69 73 68 |re is ac|complish|
|000063d0| 65 64 20 20 62 79 20 63 | 6f 6d 70 75 74 69 6e 67 |ed by c|omputing|
|000063e0| 20 74 68 65 0a 6c 6f 6e | 67 69 74 75 64 65 20 61 | the.lon|gitude a|
|000063f0| 6e 64 20 6c 61 74 69 74 | 75 64 65 20 6f 66 20 74 |nd latit|ude of t|
+--------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------+--------+
Only 25.0 KB of data is shown above.