home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
open in: 
MacOS 8.1
|
Win98
|
DOS
browse contents |
view JSON data
|
view as text
This file was processed as: ArcFS Archive
(archive/arcFS).
| Confidence | Program | Detection | Match Type | Support
|
|---|
| 100%
| dexvert
| ArcFS Archive (archive/arcFS)
| magic
| Supported |
| 100%
| file
| RISC OS archive (ArcFS format)
| default
| |
| 99%
| file
| data
| default
| |
| 100%
| TrID
| Acorn ArcFS Archive
| default
| |
| 100%
| gt2
| Kopftext: 'Archive'
| default (weak)
| |
| 100%
| detectItEasy
| Archive: ArcFS
| default
|
|
hex view+--------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------+--------+
|00000000| 41 72 63 68 69 76 65 00 | 00 12 00 00 34 14 00 00 |Archive.|....4...|
|00000010| 28 00 00 00 64 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |(...d...|........|
|00000020| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000030| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000040| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000050| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000060| 82 21 41 53 4d 30 35 00 | 65 00 00 00 ff ff ff ff |.!ASM05.|e.......|
|00000070| 44 dc fd ff d4 b4 67 bb | 00 00 00 00 ff ff ff ff |D.....g.|........|
|00000080| d4 01 00 80 82 21 42 6f | 6f 74 00 00 65 00 00 00 |.....!Bo|ot..e...|
|00000090| 1f 00 00 00 42 eb ff ff | d4 30 59 eb 13 00 2e 80 |....B...|.0Y.....|
|000000a0| 1f 00 00 00 91 ec 00 00 | 82 21 43 68 6f 69 63 65 |........|.!Choice|
|000000b0| 73 00 00 00 34 00 00 00 | 44 ff ff ff 1c ce cd a8 |s...4...|D.......|
|000000c0| 03 00 5d de 34 00 00 00 | d4 ec 00 00 82 21 68 65 |..].4...|.....!he|
|000000d0| 6c 70 00 65 73 00 00 00 | 01 04 00 00 44 ff ff ff |lp.es...|....D...|
|000000e0| a3 f0 a5 ba 03 00 02 50 | 01 04 00 00 2c ed 00 00 |.......P|....,...|
|000000f0| 82 21 52 75 6e 00 00 65 | 73 00 00 00 7f 03 00 00 |.!Run..e|s.......|
|00000100| 44 eb ff ff 8c 06 a6 ba | 03 00 e2 80 7f 03 00 00 |D.......|........|
|00000110| 51 f1 00 00 82 21 53 65 | 74 75 70 00 73 00 00 00 |Q....!Se|tup.s...|
|00000120| 13 01 00 00 44 eb ff ff | a3 8d 11 ae 03 00 2f 21 |....D...|....../!|
|00000130| 13 01 00 00 f4 f4 00 00 | 82 21 53 70 72 69 74 65 |........|.!Sprite|
|00000140| 73 00 00 00 f8 04 00 00 | 44 f9 ff ff 23 d4 a5 ba |s.......|D...#...|
|00000150| 03 00 67 5e f8 04 00 00 | 2b f6 00 00 82 61 73 6d |..g^....|+....asm|
|00000160| 30 35 00 65 73 00 00 00 | f0 65 00 00 44 f8 ff ff |05.es...|.e..D...|
|00000170| 5c ed 59 bb 03 00 c7 30 | f0 65 00 00 47 fb 00 00 |\.Y....0|.e..G...|
|00000180| 82 44 65 73 63 00 00 65 | 73 00 00 00 27 07 00 00 |.Desc..e|s...'...|
|00000190| 44 ff ff ff c2 e6 a5 ba | 03 00 29 7c 27 07 00 00 |D.......|..)|'...|
|000001a0| 5b 61 01 00 82 46 61 6e | 63 79 00 65 73 00 00 00 |[a...Fan|cy.es...|
|000001b0| f8 38 00 00 44 ec ff ff | 79 c5 79 77 03 00 71 44 |.8..D...|y.yw..qD|
|000001c0| f8 38 00 00 a6 68 01 00 | 82 4d 65 73 73 61 67 65 |.8...h..|.Message|
|000001d0| 73 00 00 00 c8 0b 00 00 | 43 ff ff ff 38 71 26 1a |s.......|C...8q&.|
|000001e0| 13 00 66 cc c8 0b 00 00 | c2 a1 01 00 82 54 65 6d |..f.....|.....Tem|
|000001f0| 70 6c 61 74 65 73 00 00 | 2e 0b 00 00 44 ec ff ff |plates..|....D...|
|00000200| b3 cb cc a8 13 00 83 72 | 2e 0b 00 00 ae ad 01 00 |.......r|........|
|00000210| 00 00 00 00 55 03 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 9a 03 00 00 |....U...|........|
|00000220| 00 00 00 00 17 03 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 16 03 00 00 |........|........|
|00000230| 0c a1 dc bd 82 21 41 53 | 4d 31 31 00 65 73 00 00 |.....!AS|M11.es..|
|00000240| ff ff ff ff 44 dc fd ff | 4d a5 d7 b8 00 00 00 00 |....D...|M.......|
|00000250| ff ff ff ff 84 03 00 80 | 82 21 42 6f 6f 74 00 00 |........|.!Boot..|
|00000260| 65 73 00 00 1f 00 00 00 | 42 eb ff ff d4 30 59 eb |es......|B....0Y.|
|00000270| 13 00 2e 80 1f 00 00 00 | 00 b9 01 00 82 21 43 68 |........|.....!Ch|
|00000280| 6f 69 63 65 73 00 00 00 | 34 00 00 00 44 ff ff ff |oices...|4...D...|
|00000290| 1c ce cd a8 03 00 5d de | 34 00 00 00 43 b9 01 00 |......].|4...C...|
|000002a0| 82 21 68 65 6c 70 00 65 | 73 00 00 00 01 04 00 00 |.!help.e|s.......|
|000002b0| 44 ff ff ff 4e 19 d5 b8 | 03 00 07 99 01 04 00 00 |D...N...|........|
|000002c0| 9b b9 01 00 82 21 52 75 | 6e 00 00 65 73 00 00 00 |.....!Ru|n..es...|
|000002d0| 7f 03 00 00 44 eb ff ff | e3 d4 11 ae 03 00 b9 96 |....D...|........|
|000002e0| 7f 03 00 00 c0 bd 01 00 | 82 21 53 65 74 75 70 00 |........|.!Setup.|
|000002f0| 73 00 00 00 13 01 00 00 | 44 eb ff ff a3 8d 11 ae |s.......|D.......|
|00000300| 03 00 2f 21 13 01 00 00 | 63 c1 01 00 82 21 53 70 |../!....|c....!Sp|
|00000310| 72 69 74 65 73 00 00 00 | d4 08 00 00 44 f9 ff ff |rites...|....D...|
|00000320| c0 8d 62 a8 03 00 0f 43 | d4 08 00 00 9a c2 01 00 |..b....C|........|
|00000330| 82 61 73 6d 31 31 00 65 | 73 00 00 00 bc 6c 00 00 |.asm11.e|s....l..|
|00000340| 44 f8 ff ff e2 30 6f b0 | 03 00 c1 9f bc 6c 00 00 |D....0o.|.....l..|
|00000350| 92 cb 01 00 82 44 65 73 | 63 00 00 65 73 00 00 00 |.....Des|c..es...|
|00000360| 27 07 00 00 44 ff ff ff | d9 9a f4 af 03 00 05 48 |'...D...|.......H|
|00000370| 27 07 00 00 72 38 02 00 | 82 4d 65 73 73 61 67 65 |'...r8..|.Message|
|00000380| 73 00 00 00 c8 0b 00 00 | 43 ff ff ff 38 71 26 1a |s.......|C...8q&.|
|00000390| 13 00 66 cc c8 0b 00 00 | bd 3f 02 00 82 54 65 6d |..f.....|.?...Tem|
|000003a0| 70 6c 61 74 65 73 00 00 | 2e 0b 00 00 44 ec ff ff |plates..|....D...|
|000003b0| b3 cb cc a8 13 00 83 72 | 2e 0b 00 00 a9 4b 02 00 |.......r|.....K..|
|000003c0| 00 00 00 00 55 03 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 9a 03 00 00 |....U...|........|
|000003d0| 00 00 00 00 17 03 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 16 03 00 00 |........|........|
|000003e0| 0c a1 dc bd 82 21 41 73 | 52 65 66 00 65 73 00 00 |.....!As|Ref.es..|
|000003f0| ff ff ff ff 44 dc fd ff | 81 9b 75 ba 33 00 00 00 |....D...|..u.3...|
|00000400| ff ff ff ff 6c 09 00 80 | 82 21 44 6f 63 44 61 74 |....l...|.!DocDat|
|00000410| 61 00 00 00 8c 55 00 00 | 44 87 fd ff 9a 6f 6d bb |a....U..|D....om.|
|00000420| 33 00 9b c8 8c 55 00 00 | fb 56 02 00 82 21 52 75 |3....U..|.V...!Ru|
|00000430| 6e 00 61 74 61 00 00 00 | 52 01 00 00 44 eb ff ff |n.ata...|R...D...|
|00000440| 58 e9 5c b9 33 00 9a 20 | 52 01 00 00 ab ac 02 00 |X.\.3.. |R.......|
|00000450| 82 21 52 75 6e 49 6d 61 | 67 65 00 00 00 00 00 00 |.!RunIma|ge......|
|00000460| 44 00 f0 ff e9 2a 5d b9 | 33 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |D....*].|3.......|
|00000470| 2c fe ff ff 82 21 53 70 | 72 69 74 65 73 00 00 00 |,....!Sp|rites...|
|00000480| 7c 00 00 00 44 f9 ff ff | a8 e7 5c b9 33 00 b8 f8 ||...D...|..\.3...|
|00000490| 7c 00 00 00 21 ae 02 00 | 82 43 68 61 70 74 65 72 ||...!...|.Chapter|
|000004a0| 31 00 00 00 ff ff ff ff | 44 dc fd ff ae a4 75 ba |1.......|D.....u.|
|000004b0| 33 00 00 00 ff ff ff ff | a4 04 00 80 82 54 65 78 |3.......|.....Tex|
|000004c0| 74 00 65 72 31 00 00 00 | fc 11 00 00 44 88 fd ff |t.er1...|....D...|
|000004d0| c8 69 6d bb 33 00 26 1e | fc 11 00 00 c1 ae 02 00 |.im.3.&.|........|
|000004e0| 00 21 53 70 72 69 74 65 | 73 00 00 00 7c 00 00 00 |.!Sprite|s...|...|
|000004f0| 44 f9 ff ff a8 e7 5c b9 | 33 0c b8 f8 4c 00 00 00 |D.....\.|3...L...|
|00000500| be 5f 01 00 82 43 68 61 | 70 74 65 72 31 30 00 00 |._...Cha|pter10..|
|00000510| ff ff ff ff 44 dc fd ff | ce a6 75 ba 33 00 00 00 |....D...|..u.3...|
|00000520| ff ff ff ff 10 05 00 80 | 82 54 65 78 74 00 65 72 |........|.Text.er|
|00000530| 31 30 00 00 68 08 00 00 | 44 88 fd ff 3f 6c 6d bb |10..h...|D...?lm.|
|00000540| 33 00 a1 e8 68 08 00 00 | e1 c0 02 00 00 21 53 70 |3...h...|.....!Sp|
|00000550| 72 69 74 65 73 00 00 00 | 7c 00 00 00 44 f9 ff ff |rites...||...D...|
|00000560| a8 e7 5c b9 33 0c b8 f8 | 4c 00 00 00 be 5f 01 00 |..\.3...|L...._..|
|00000570| 82 43 68 61 70 74 65 72 | 31 32 00 00 ff ff ff ff |.Chapter|12......|
|00000580| 44 dc fd ff 19 a9 75 ba | 33 00 00 00 ff ff ff ff |D.....u.|3.......|
|00000590| 7c 05 00 80 82 54 65 78 | 74 00 65 72 31 32 00 00 ||....Tex|t.er12..|
|000005a0| cc 14 00 00 44 88 fd ff | 38 64 6d bb 33 00 db ba |....D...|8dm.3...|
|000005b0| cc 14 00 00 6d c9 02 00 | 00 21 53 70 72 69 74 65 |....m...|.!Sprite|
|000005c0| 73 00 00 00 7c 00 00 00 | 44 f9 ff ff a8 e7 5c b9 |s...|...|D.....\.|
|000005d0| 33 0c b8 f8 4c 00 00 00 | be 5f 01 00 82 43 68 61 |3...L...|._...Cha|
|000005e0| 70 74 65 72 31 33 00 00 | ff ff ff ff 44 dc fd ff |pter13..|....D...|
|000005f0| 11 ab 75 ba 33 00 00 00 | ff ff ff ff e8 05 00 80 |..u.3...|........|
|00000600| 82 54 65 78 74 00 65 72 | 31 33 00 00 b8 06 00 00 |.Text.er|13......|
|00000610| 44 88 fd ff a1 63 6d bb | 33 00 dc 34 b8 06 00 00 |D....cm.|3..4....|
|00000620| 5d de 02 00 00 21 53 70 | 72 69 74 65 73 00 00 00 |]....!Sp|rites...|
|00000630| 7c 00 00 00 44 f9 ff ff | a8 e7 5c b9 33 0c b8 f8 ||...D...|..\.3...|
|00000640| 4c 00 00 00 be 5f 01 00 | 82 43 68 61 70 74 65 72 |L...._..|.Chapter|
|00000650| 32 00 00 00 ff ff ff ff | 44 dc fd ff c6 ac 75 ba |2.......|D.....u.|
|00000660| 33 00 00 00 ff ff ff ff | 54 06 00 80 82 54 65 78 |3.......|T....Tex|
|00000670| 74 00 65 72 32 00 00 00 | 40 16 00 00 44 88 fd ff |t.er2...|@...D...|
|00000680| 7c 6d 6d bb 33 00 13 ab | 40 16 00 00 39 e5 02 00 ||mm.3...|@...9...|
|00000690| 00 21 53 70 72 69 74 65 | 73 00 00 00 7c 00 00 00 |.!Sprite|s...|...|
|000006a0| 44 f9 ff ff a8 e7 5c b9 | 33 0c b8 f8 4c 00 00 00 |D.....\.|3...L...|
|000006b0| be 5f 01 00 82 43 68 61 | 70 74 65 72 34 00 00 00 |._...Cha|pter4...|
|000006c0| ff ff ff ff 44 dc fd ff | cd ae 75 ba 33 00 00 00 |....D...|..u.3...|
|000006d0| ff ff ff ff c0 06 00 80 | 82 54 65 78 74 00 65 72 |........|.Text.er|
|000006e0| 34 00 00 00 40 35 00 00 | 44 88 fd ff 47 6e 6d bb |4...@5..|D...Gnm.|
|000006f0| 33 00 72 19 40 35 00 00 | 9d fb 02 00 00 21 53 70 |3.r.@5..|.....!Sp|
|00000700| 72 69 74 65 73 00 00 00 | 7c 00 00 00 44 f9 ff ff |rites...||...D...|
|00000710| a8 e7 5c b9 33 0c b8 f8 | 4c 00 00 00 be 5f 01 00 |..\.3...|L...._..|
|00000720| 82 43 68 61 70 74 65 72 | 35 00 00 00 ff ff ff ff |.Chapter|5.......|
|00000730| 44 dc fd ff c1 b1 75 ba | 33 00 00 00 ff ff ff ff |D.....u.|3.......|
|00000740| 2c 07 00 80 82 54 65 78 | 74 00 65 72 35 00 00 00 |,....Tex|t.er5...|
|00000750| 38 48 00 00 44 88 fd ff | 1e 65 6d bb 33 00 51 58 |8H..D...|.em.3.QX|
|00000760| 38 48 00 00 01 31 03 00 | 00 21 53 70 72 69 74 65 |8H...1..|.!Sprite|
|00000770| 73 00 00 00 7c 00 00 00 | 44 f9 ff ff a8 e7 5c b9 |s...|...|D.....\.|
|00000780| 33 0c b8 f8 4c 00 00 00 | be 5f 01 00 82 43 68 61 |3...L...|._...Cha|
|00000790| 70 74 65 72 36 00 00 00 | ff ff ff ff 44 dc fd ff |pter6...|....D...|
|000007a0| fb b4 75 ba 33 00 00 00 | ff ff ff ff 98 07 00 80 |..u.3...|........|
|000007b0| 82 54 65 78 74 00 65 72 | 36 00 00 00 b0 18 00 00 |.Text.er|6.......|
|000007c0| 44 88 fd ff b1 66 6d bb | 33 00 ae ff b0 18 00 00 |D....fm.|3.......|
|000007d0| 5d 79 03 00 00 21 53 70 | 72 69 74 65 73 00 00 00 |]y...!Sp|rites...|
|000007e0| 7c 00 00 00 44 f9 ff ff | a8 e7 5c b9 33 0c b8 f8 ||...D...|..\.3...|
|000007f0| 4c 00 00 00 be 5f 01 00 | 82 43 68 61 70 74 65 72 |L...._..|.Chapter|
|00000800| 37 00 00 00 ff ff ff ff | 44 dc fd ff d6 b6 75 ba |7.......|D.....u.|
|00000810| 33 00 00 00 ff ff ff ff | 04 08 00 80 82 54 65 78 |3.......|.....Tex|
|00000820| 74 00 65 72 37 00 00 00 | bc 3e 00 00 44 88 fd ff |t.er7...|.>..D...|
|00000830| 13 68 6d bb 33 00 bc 65 | bc 3e 00 00 31 92 03 00 |.hm.3..e|.>..1...|
|00000840| 00 21 53 70 72 69 74 65 | 73 00 00 00 7c 00 00 00 |.!Sprite|s...|...|
|00000850| 44 f9 ff ff a8 e7 5c b9 | 33 0c b8 f8 4c 00 00 00 |D.....\.|3...L...|
|00000860| be 5f 01 00 82 43 68 61 | 70 74 65 72 38 00 00 00 |._...Cha|pter8...|
|00000870| ff ff ff ff 44 dc fd ff | db b8 75 ba 33 00 00 00 |....D...|..u.3...|
|00000880| ff ff ff ff 70 08 00 80 | 82 54 65 78 74 00 65 72 |....p...|.Text.er|
|00000890| 38 00 00 00 e8 2b 00 00 | 44 88 fd ff 82 6a 6d bb |8....+..|D....jm.|
|000008a0| 33 00 4e 1a e8 2b 00 00 | 11 d1 03 00 00 21 53 70 |3.N..+..|.....!Sp|
|000008b0| 72 69 74 65 73 00 00 00 | 7c 00 00 00 44 f9 ff ff |rites...||...D...|
|000008c0| a8 e7 5c b9 33 0c b8 f8 | 4c 00 00 00 be 5f 01 00 |..\.3...|L...._..|
|000008d0| 82 43 68 61 70 74 65 72 | 39 00 00 00 ff ff ff ff |.Chapter|9.......|
|000008e0| 44 dc fd ff d7 ba 75 ba | 33 00 00 00 ff ff ff ff |D.....u.|3.......|
|000008f0| dc 08 00 80 82 54 65 78 | 74 00 65 72 39 00 00 00 |.....Tex|t.er9...|
|00000900| 70 07 00 00 44 88 fd ff | b3 6b 6d bb 33 00 fd e9 |p...D...|.km.3...|
|00000910| 70 07 00 00 1d fd 03 00 | 00 21 53 70 72 69 74 65 |p.......|.!Sprite|
|00000920| 73 00 00 00 7c 00 00 00 | 44 f9 ff ff a8 e7 5c b9 |s...|...|D.....\.|
|00000930| 33 0c b8 f8 4c 00 00 00 | be 5f 01 00 82 4d 61 73 |3...L...|._...Mas|
|00000940| 74 65 72 43 68 61 70 00 | ff ff ff ff 44 dc fd ff |terChap.|....D...|
|00000950| a7 bc 75 ba 33 00 00 00 | ff ff ff ff 48 09 00 80 |..u.3...|....H...|
|00000960| 82 54 65 78 74 00 72 43 | 68 61 70 00 b4 04 00 00 |.Text.rC|hap.....|
|00000970| 44 88 fd ff 97 ee 5c b9 | 33 00 33 a6 b4 04 00 00 |D.....\.|3.3.....|
|00000980| b1 04 04 00 00 21 53 70 | 72 69 74 65 73 00 00 00 |.....!Sp|rites...|
|00000990| 7c 00 00 00 44 f9 ff ff | a8 e7 5c b9 33 0c b8 f8 ||...D...|..\.3...|
|000009a0| 4c 00 00 00 be 5f 01 00 | 00 00 00 00 55 03 00 00 |L...._..|....U...|
|000009b0| 00 00 00 00 9a 03 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 17 03 00 00 |........|........|
|000009c0| 00 00 00 00 16 03 00 00 | 0c a1 dc bd 82 61 73 72 |........|.....asr|
|000009d0| 65 66 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 4a d4 00 00 44 ff ff ff |ef......|J...D...|
|000009e0| 6e 0e 6d bb 33 00 c5 43 | 4a d4 00 00 24 00 00 00 |n.m.3..C|J...$...|
|000009f0| 82 43 72 65 64 69 74 73 | 00 00 00 00 e6 00 00 00 |.Credits|........|
|00000a00| 44 ff ff ff 19 02 6b bb | 33 00 af 45 e6 00 00 00 |D.....k.|3..E....|
|00000a10| 92 d4 00 00 82 44 4f 53 | 00 66 00 00 00 00 00 00 |.....DOS|.f......|
|00000a20| ff ff ff ff 44 dc fd ff | 93 e9 4f b9 33 00 00 00 |....D...|..O.3...|
|00000a30| ff ff ff ff b0 0a 00 80 | 82 41 53 31 31 2f 45 58 |........|.AS11/EX|
|00000a40| 45 00 00 00 b6 49 00 00 | 40 e4 ff ff 28 27 7e 9c |E....I..|@...('~.|
|00000a50| 33 00 8b 1f b6 49 00 00 | 89 09 04 00 82 41 53 35 |3....I..|.....AS5|
|00000a60| 2f 45 58 45 00 00 00 00 | 29 6f 00 00 42 e4 ff ff |/EXE....|)o..B...|
|00000a70| 00 45 02 85 03 00 56 f1 | 29 6f 00 00 63 53 04 00 |.E....V.|)o..cS..|
|00000a80| 82 41 53 45 4d 42 4c 45 | 52 2f 44 00 86 36 00 00 |.ASEMBLE|R/D..6..|
|00000a90| 42 ff ff ff 00 b1 6f d8 | 33 00 23 cd 86 36 00 00 |B.....o.|3.#..6..|
|00000aa0| b0 c2 04 00 82 41 53 53 | 45 4d 42 4c 45 00 44 00 |.....ASS|EMBLE.D.|
|00000ab0| 63 00 00 00 42 ff ff ff | 08 dd 1a 54 33 00 10 7a |c...B...|...T3..z|
|00000ac0| 63 00 00 00 5a f9 04 00 | 82 52 45 41 44 4d 45 2f |c...Z...|.README/|
|00000ad0| 54 58 54 00 b9 2d 00 00 | 42 ff ff ff 00 b1 6f d8 |TXT..-..|B.....o.|
|00000ae0| 33 00 c9 a7 b9 2d 00 00 | e1 f9 04 00 00 43 72 65 |3....-..|.....Cre|
|00000af0| 64 69 74 73 00 00 00 00 | e6 00 00 00 44 ff ff ff |dits....|....D...|
|00000b00| 19 02 6b bb 33 0c af 45 | c8 00 00 00 9c 6e 00 00 |..k.3..E|.....n..|
|00000b10| 82 45 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 | 73 00 54 00 ff ff ff ff |.Example|s.T.....|
|00000b20| 44 dc fd ff a7 af d7 b8 | 33 00 00 00 ff ff ff ff |D.......|3.......|
|00000b30| a4 0d 00 80 82 61 73 30 | 35 00 74 73 00 00 00 00 |.....as0|5.ts....|
|00000b40| ff ff ff ff 44 dc fd ff | d2 f2 67 bb 33 00 00 00 |....D...|..g.3...|
|00000b50| ff ff ff ff 40 0b 00 80 | 82 44 49 56 49 44 45 00 |....@...|.DIVIDE.|
|00000b60| 00 00 00 00 05 1a 00 00 | 44 ff ff ff c5 65 5b bb |........|D....e[.|
|00000b70| 03 00 89 0e 05 1a 00 00 | be 27 05 00 00 45 78 61 |........|.'...Exa|
|00000b80| 6d 70 6c 65 73 00 54 00 | ff ff ff ff 44 dc fd ff |mples.T.|....D...|
|00000b90| a7 af d7 b8 33 00 00 00 | ff ff ff ff b8 11 00 80 |....3...|........|
|00000ba0| 82 61 73 31 31 00 45 00 | 00 00 00 00 ff ff ff ff |.as11.E.|........|
|00000bb0| 44 dc fd ff e9 bc d7 b8 | 00 00 00 00 ff ff ff ff |D.......|........|
|00000bc0| 3c 0c 00 80 82 43 4c 4b | 44 52 49 56 52 00 00 00 |<....CLK|DRIVR...|
|00000bd0| 40 12 00 00 44 ff ff ff | 8d 07 d8 b8 33 00 8e bd |@...D...|....3...|
|00000be0| 40 12 00 00 e7 41 05 00 | 82 4d 43 58 00 52 49 56 |@....A..|.MCX.RIV|
|00000bf0| 52 00 00 00 56 20 01 00 | 44 ff ff ff 00 5a 49 a9 |R...V ..|D....ZI.|
|00000c00| 33 00 b2 2d 56 20 01 00 | 4b 54 05 00 82 53 59 53 |3..-V ..|KT...SYS|
|00000c10| 54 45 4d 00 52 00 00 00 | 39 5e 00 00 44 ff ff ff |TEM.R...|9^..D...|
|00000c20| cd 53 56 b7 03 00 9b 6c | 39 5e 00 00 c5 74 06 00 |.SV....l|9^...t..|
|00000c30| 82 54 45 53 54 00 4d 00 | 52 00 00 00 cc 2c 00 00 |.TEST.M.|R....,..|
|00000c40| 44 ff ff ff 56 d1 d6 b8 | 03 00 85 92 cc 2c 00 00 |D...V...|.....,..|
|00000c50| 22 d3 06 00 82 56 45 43 | 54 4f 52 53 00 00 00 00 |"....VEC|TORS....|
|00000c60| 28 03 00 00 44 ff ff ff | 58 70 4e a9 33 00 86 b1 |(...D...|XpN.3...|
|00000c70| 28 03 00 00 12 00 07 00 | 00 45 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 |(.......|.Example|
|00000c80| 73 00 54 00 ff ff ff ff | 44 dc fd ff a7 af d7 b8 |s.T.....|D.......|
|00000c90| 33 00 00 00 ff ff ff ff | b8 11 00 80 82 6c 00 43 |3.......|.....l.C|
|00000ca0| 54 4f 52 53 00 00 00 00 | ff ff ff ff 44 dc fd ff |TORS....|....D...|
|00000cb0| e9 c2 d7 b8 00 00 00 00 | ff ff ff ff 84 0c 00 80 |........|........|
|00000cc0| 00 45 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 | 73 00 54 00 ff ff ff ff |.Example|s.T.....|
|00000cd0| 44 dc fd ff a7 af d7 b8 | 33 00 00 00 ff ff ff ff |D.......|3.......|
|00000ce0| b8 11 00 80 82 6d 00 43 | 54 4f 52 53 00 00 00 00 |.....m.C|TORS....|
|00000cf0| ff ff ff ff 44 dc fd ff | 70 c7 d7 b8 00 00 00 00 |....D...|p.......|
|00000d00| ff ff ff ff cc 0c 00 80 | 00 45 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 |........|.Example|
|00000d10| 73 00 54 00 ff ff ff ff | 44 dc fd ff a7 af d7 b8 |s.T.....|D.......|
|00000d20| 33 00 00 00 ff ff ff ff | b8 11 00 80 82 4d 43 58 |3.......|.....MCX|
|00000d30| 5f 52 45 46 00 00 54 00 | 01 ea 01 00 44 ff ff ff |_REF..T.|....D...|
|00000d40| e0 66 b5 91 33 00 9f 89 | 01 ea 01 00 5e 03 07 00 |.f..3...|....^...|
|00000d50| 82 53 31 39 00 70 6c 65 | 73 00 54 00 ff ff ff ff |.S19.ple|s.T.....|
|00000d60| 44 dc fd ff b9 c8 d7 b8 | 00 00 00 00 ff ff ff ff |D.......|........|
|00000d70| 38 0d 00 80 00 4d 43 58 | 5f 52 45 46 00 00 54 00 |8....MCX|_REF..T.|
|00000d80| 01 ea 01 00 44 ff ff ff | e0 66 b5 91 33 0c 9f 89 |....D...|.f..3...|
|00000d90| f0 b4 00 00 de 79 03 00 | 82 78 00 39 00 70 6c 65 |.....y..|.x.9.ple|
|00000da0| 73 00 54 00 ff ff ff ff | 44 dc fd ff 3b ca d7 b8 |s.T.....|D...;...|
|00000db0| 00 00 00 00 ff ff ff ff | 80 0d 00 80 00 4d 43 58 |........|.....MCX|
|00000dc0| 5f 52 45 46 00 00 54 00 | 01 ea 01 00 44 ff ff ff |_REF..T.|....D...|
|00000dd0| e0 66 b5 91 33 0c 9f 89 | f0 b4 00 00 de 79 03 00 |.f..3...|.....y..|
|00000de0| 00 43 72 65 64 69 74 73 | 00 00 00 00 e6 00 00 00 |.Credits|........|
|00000df0| 44 ff ff ff 19 02 6b bb | 33 0c af 45 c8 00 00 00 |D.....k.|3..E....|
|00000e00| 9c 6e 00 00 82 52 65 61 | 64 4d 65 00 00 00 00 00 |.n...Rea|dMe.....|
|00000e10| d1 16 00 00 44 ff ff ff | a6 bb 68 bb 33 00 50 a5 |....D...|..h.3.P.|
|00000e20| d1 16 00 00 9c d5 00 00 | 82 53 6f 75 72 63 65 73 |........|.Sources|
|00000e30| 00 00 00 00 ff ff ff ff | 44 dc fd ff 2a 5c 51 b9 |........|D...*\Q.|
|00000e40| 33 00 00 00 ff ff ff ff | dc 11 00 80 82 63 00 61 |3.......|.....c.a|
|00000e50| 64 4d 65 00 00 00 00 00 | ff ff ff ff 44 dc fd ff |dMe.....|....D...|
|00000e60| 76 c2 68 bb 00 00 00 00 | ff ff ff ff 78 0f 00 80 |v.h.....|....x...|
|00000e70| 82 61 73 00 64 4d 65 00 | 00 00 00 00 5f 3b 00 00 |.as.dMe.|...._;..|
|00000e80| 44 ff ff ff bc ff 58 bb | 03 00 20 eb 5f 3b 00 00 |D.....X.|.. ._;..|
|00000e90| 83 ed 08 00 82 64 6f 31 | 31 00 65 00 00 00 00 00 |.....do1|1.e.....|
|00000ea0| 5d 21 00 00 44 ff ff ff | c3 88 a4 ba 03 00 ea 25 |]!..D...|.......%|
|00000eb0| 5d 21 00 00 06 29 09 00 | 82 64 6f 35 00 00 65 00 |]!...)..|.do5..e.|
|00000ec0| 00 00 00 00 34 1a 00 00 | 44 ff ff ff 69 f4 58 bb |....4...|D...i.X.|
|00000ed0| 03 00 d9 2f 34 1a 00 00 | 87 4a 09 00 82 65 76 61 |.../4...|.J...eva|
|00000ee0| 6c 00 65 00 00 00 00 00 | 76 10 00 00 44 ff ff ff |l.e.....|v...D...|
|00000ef0| c2 01 59 bb 03 00 bd bd | 76 10 00 00 df 64 09 00 |..Y.....|v....d..|
|00000f00| 82 66 66 77 64 61 6e 73 | 69 00 00 00 54 0b 00 00 |.ffwdans|i...T...|
|00000f10| 44 ff ff ff a2 03 59 bb | 03 00 76 57 54 0b 00 00 |D.....Y.|..vWT...|
|00000f20| 79 75 09 00 82 69 66 64 | 00 61 6e 73 69 00 00 00 |yu...ifd|.ansi...|
|00000f30| 11 31 00 00 44 ff ff ff | 3c 07 59 bb 03 00 9c 26 |.1..D...|<.Y....&|
|00000f40| 11 31 00 00 f1 80 09 00 | 82 6f 75 74 70 75 74 00 |.1......|.output.|
|00000f50| 69 00 00 00 b3 04 00 00 | 44 ff ff ff 8a 09 59 bb |i.......|D.....Y.|
|00000f60| 03 00 62 f8 b3 04 00 00 | 26 b2 09 00 82 73 79 6d |..b.....|&....sym|
|00000f70| 74 61 62 00 69 00 00 00 | fa 49 00 00 44 ff ff ff |tab.i...|.I..D...|
|00000f80| d8 d7 58 bb 03 00 40 7d | fa 49 00 00 fd b6 09 00 |..X...@}|.I......|
|00000f90| 82 75 74 69 6c 00 62 00 | 69 00 00 00 f1 35 00 00 |.util.b.|i....5..|
|00000fa0| 44 ff ff ff 98 0d 59 bb | 03 00 3a 41 f1 35 00 00 |D.....Y.|..:A.5..|
|00000fb0| 1b 01 0a 00 00 53 6f 75 | 72 63 65 73 00 00 00 00 |.....Sou|rces....|
|00000fc0| ff ff ff ff 44 dc fd ff | 2a 5c 51 b9 33 00 00 00 |....D...|*\Q.3...|
|00000fd0| ff ff ff ff dc 11 00 80 | 82 68 00 69 6c 00 62 00 |........|.h.il.b.|
|00000fe0| 69 00 00 00 ff ff ff ff | 44 dc fd ff e7 c8 68 bb |i.......|D.....h.|
|00000ff0| 00 00 00 00 ff ff ff ff | 94 11 00 80 82 61 73 00 |........|.....as.|
|00001000| 6c 00 62 00 69 00 00 00 | 8a 0c 00 00 44 ff ff ff |l.b.i...|....D...|
|00001010| 23 17 6e b0 03 00 08 7f | 8a 0c 00 00 30 37 0a 00 |#.n.....|....07..|
|00001020| 82 65 78 74 76 61 72 73 | 00 00 00 00 57 12 00 00 |.extvars|....W...|
|00001030| 44 ff ff ff db e1 f2 af | 03 00 ec ab 57 12 00 00 |D.......|....W...|
|00001040| de 43 0a 00 82 67 6c 6f | 76 61 72 73 00 00 00 00 |.C...glo|vars....|
|00001050| 9a 10 00 00 44 ff ff ff | 54 ec f2 af 03 00 6d 4e |....D...|T.....mN|
|00001060| 9a 10 00 00 59 56 0a 00 | 82 6d 73 65 6c 65 63 74 |....YV..|.mselect|
|00001070| 00 00 00 00 0d 00 00 00 | 44 ff ff ff b9 c8 59 bb |........|D.....Y.|
|00001080| 03 00 12 c2 0d 00 00 00 | 17 67 0a 00 82 70 72 6f |........|.g...pro|
|00001090| 74 6f 00 74 00 00 00 00 | a3 06 00 00 44 ff ff ff |to.t....|....D...|
|000010a0| f7 ad a4 ba 03 00 fe 5e | a3 06 00 00 48 67 0a 00 |.......^|....Hg..|
|000010b0| 82 72 69 73 63 6f 73 00 | 00 00 00 00 a2 01 00 00 |.riscos.|........|
|000010c0| 44 ff ff ff 0e 98 57 a7 | 03 00 df a0 a2 01 00 00 |D.....W.|........|
|000010d0| 0f 6e 0a 00 82 73 74 72 | 75 63 74 73 00 00 00 00 |.n...str|ucts....|
|000010e0| ba 04 00 00 41 ff ff ff | f2 e0 3f 8f 03 00 47 b3 |....A...|..?...G.|
|000010f0| ba 04 00 00 d5 6f 0a 00 | 82 74 61 62 6c 65 30 00 |.....o..|.table0.|
|00001100| 00 00 00 00 0a 0c 00 00 | 41 ff ff ff b4 1a 8d 87 |........|A.......|
|00001110| 03 00 d5 1f 0a 0c 00 00 | b3 74 0a 00 82 74 61 62 |........|.t...tab|
|00001120| 6c 65 31 00 00 00 00 00 | 36 0e 00 00 41 ff ff ff |le1.....|6...A...|
|00001130| ce 21 8d 87 03 00 46 f4 | 36 0e 00 00 e1 80 0a 00 |.!....F.|6.......|
|00001140| 82 74 61 62 6c 65 31 31 | 00 00 00 00 d1 12 00 00 |.table11|........|
|00001150| 41 ff ff ff 09 28 8d 87 | 03 00 6f 62 d1 12 00 00 |A....(..|..ob....|
|00001160| 3b 8f 0a 00 82 74 61 62 | 6c 65 34 00 00 00 00 00 |;....tab|le4.....|
|00001170| 83 05 00 00 41 ff ff ff | 40 2e 8d 87 03 00 ad 9e |....A...|@.......|
|00001180| 83 05 00 00 30 a2 0a 00 | 82 74 61 62 6c 65 35 00 |....0...|.table5.|
|00001190| 00 00 00 00 7e 09 00 00 | 44 ff ff ff 2f 81 58 bb |....~...|D.../.X.|
|000011a0| 03 00 89 ba 7e 09 00 00 | d7 a7 0a 00 82 74 61 62 |....~...|.....tab|
|000011b0| 6c 65 39 00 00 00 00 00 | f2 0d 00 00 41 ff ff ff |le9.....|....A...|
|000011c0| 41 3d 8d 87 03 00 90 9b | f2 0d 00 00 79 b1 0a 00 |A=......|....y...|
|000011d0| 00 53 6f 75 72 63 65 73 | 00 00 00 00 ff ff ff ff |.Sources|........|
|000011e0| 44 dc fd ff 2a 5c 51 b9 | 33 00 00 00 ff ff ff ff |D...*\Q.|3.......|
|000011f0| dc 11 00 80 82 4d 61 6b | 65 66 69 6c 65 00 00 00 |.....Mak|efile...|
|00001200| 44 0a 00 00 44 e1 ff ff | da ed 59 bb 03 00 a0 8d |D...D...|..Y.....|
|00001210| 44 0a 00 00 8f bf 0a 00 | 00 52 65 61 64 4d 65 00 |D.......|.ReadMe.|
|00001220| 00 00 00 00 d1 16 00 00 | 44 ff ff ff a6 bb 68 bb |........|D.....h.|
|00001230| 33 0c 50 a5 6c 0d 00 00 | 88 6f 00 00 00 00 00 00 |3.P.l...|.o......|
|00001240| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00001250| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00001260| 69 dc 94 81 8d 02 62 0a | d6 49 30 b3 c9 a3 60 88 |i.....b.|.I0...`.|
|00001270| 65 3a 65 2e cf 69 8e 24 | 08 14 2a 28 ab 52 dd 4e |e:e..i.$|..*(.R.N|
|00001280| 35 86 82 23 84 51 d6 04 | e1 d5 48 c2 98 80 8b 72 |5..#.Q..|..H....r|
|00001290| af aa 20 86 8b 18 e4 9d | 50 51 48 a4 ca 90 f4 4e |.. .....|PQH....N|
|000012a0| d6 6f f7 ee 5e 46 c8 91 | 25 85 05 02 43 85 d1 04 |.o..^F..|%...C...|
|000012b0| de 76 32 b4 e7 c2 0c 20 | 3c 01 85 78 80 15 36 96 |.v2.... |<..x..6.|
|000012c0| 13 6d 29 e4 04 4f f2 e9 | 07 42 82 ee d1 f0 5f 4b |.m)..O..|.B...._K|
|000012d0| 01 66 07 85 42 43 fc 34 | 94 84 1a 66 e5 5e 0d 20 |.f..BC.4|...f.^. |
|000012e0| 10 91 c4 14 f3 25 21 44 | 15 f8 b5 f8 e2 12 db 65 |.....%!D|.......e|
|000012f0| 95 93 75 d8 49 b1 a1 86 | 34 34 f7 84 8b 12 8a 04 |..u.I...|44......|
|00001300| a2 49 62 11 78 84 81 45 | c4 a6 d0 11 51 35 01 92 |.Ib.x..E|....Q5..|
|00001310| 7e 41 ca f0 5e 7c f3 0d | 69 5f 8d 40 2a 60 a5 7f |~A..^|..|i_.@*`..|
|00001320| 53 3c 91 54 89 54 c1 f8 | 17 49 84 6d 64 9e 14 e8 |S<.T.T..|.I.md...|
|00001330| 71 57 a5 0b 56 c2 c7 44 | 18 62 94 c1 86 53 69 d8 |qW..V..D|.b...Si.|
|00001340| 49 46 97 5f c2 d9 20 1c | a7 85 41 07 69 6e e0 a9 |IF._.. .|..A.in..|
|00001350| e7 76 35 78 09 e7 82 7f | 06 ea c6 9e 46 e4 c9 c6 |.v5x....|....F...|
|00001360| 9e dc 25 da e7 0c 57 36 | 61 03 0e 30 d4 f0 82 a6 |..%...W6|a..0....|
|00001370| 38 20 31 44 a7 8d a6 f6 | 28 08 53 e4 71 59 18 78 |8 1D....|(.S.qY.x|
|00001380| 54 aa a8 95 98 fa 07 aa | a8 31 c0 f7 04 a0 a6 ee |T.......|.1......|
|00001390| 99 ea aa ad 82 60 e9 a2 | 98 32 58 04 1e 70 c8 51 |.....`..|.2X..p.Q|
|000013a0| c6 1c 73 10 3a 87 0b dc | d9 f0 ea 82 2e 78 78 6b |..s.:...|.....xxk|
|000013b0| a0 b5 c9 b1 ac 7e ce 5e | ea 02 8b a9 b6 21 c6 1b |.....~.^|.....!..|
|000013c0| 6c 5c ab 61 b6 c0 ba 60 | 43 65 6e cc 81 99 74 cc |l\.a...`|Cen...t.|
|000013d0| ae 47 ae 95 1e 3a d7 46 | 1b d1 51 16 e9 a1 dc dd |.G...:.F|..Q.....|
|000013e0| a0 28 83 46 92 64 52 76 | 62 52 01 05 8d f9 52 c7 |.(.F.dRv|bR....R.|
|000013f0| 63 76 0c ea 97 83 02 52 | 54 e1 84 13 5e 1d 01 02 |cv.....R|T...^...|
|00001400| 15 48 34 d9 6f 88 29 51 | b5 30 a6 f0 5d fc af 8f |.H4.o.)Q|.0..]...|
|00001410| 5e 99 c9 04 5f 28 2a ac | 40 ac 1f fa 7b 12 c8 14 |^..._(*.|@...{...|
|00001420| 3e e1 17 97 26 07 3b 96 | 14 0a f9 c8 d3 47 41 80 |>...&.;.|.....GA.|
|00001430| 37 25 77 31 46 69 6c 65 | 44 61 74 61 82 61 73 72 |7%w1File|Data.asr|
|00001440| 65 66 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 4a d4 00 00 44 ff ff ff |ef......|J...D...|
|00001450| 6e 0e 6d bb 03 00 c5 43 | 0a 0a 0a 0a 0a 0a 0a 0a |n.m....C|........|
|00001460| 0a 0a 0a 0a 0a 0a 4d 4f | 54 4f 52 4f 4c 41 0a 46 |......MO|TOROLA.F|
|00001470| 52 45 45 57 41 52 45 0a | 38 2d 42 49 54 20 43 52 |REEWARE.|8-BIT CR|
|00001480| 4f 53 53 20 41 53 53 45 | 4d 42 4c 45 52 53 0a 55 |OSS ASSE|MBLERS.U|
|00001490| 53 45 52 27 53 20 4d 41 | 4e 55 41 4c 0a 41 52 43 |SER'S MA|NUAL.ARC|
|000014a0| 48 49 4d 45 44 45 53 20 | 56 45 52 53 49 4f 4e 0a |HIMEDES |VERSION.|
|000014b0| 0a 0a 0a 4d 41 55 52 49 | 5a 49 4f 20 46 45 52 52 |...MAURI|ZIO FERR|
|000014c0| 41 52 49 20 20 31 39 39 | 33 0a 4f 52 49 47 49 4e |ARI 199|3.ORIGIN|
|000014d0| 41 4c 4c 59 20 45 44 49 | 54 45 44 20 42 59 0a 4b |ALLY EDI|TED BY.K|
|000014e0| 45 56 49 4e 20 41 4e 44 | 45 52 53 4f 4e 0a 46 49 |EVIN AND|ERSON.FI|
|000014f0| 45 4c 44 20 41 50 50 4c | 49 43 41 54 49 4f 4e 53 |ELD APPL|ICATIONS|
|00001500| 20 45 4e 47 49 4e 45 45 | 52 0a 0a 0a 0a 0a 0a 0a | ENGINEE|R.......|
|00001510| 0a 0a 0a 0a 0a 0a 0a 0a | 0a 0a 0a 0a 0a 0a 53 75 |........|......Su|
|00001520| 70 70 6f 72 74 20 43 6f | 6e 74 61 63 74 3a 20 4d |pport Co|ntact: M|
|00001530| 61 75 72 69 7a 69 6f 20 | 46 65 72 72 61 72 69 2c |aurizio |Ferrari,|
|00001540| 20 56 69 61 20 50 61 72 | 65 74 6f 20 31 32 2c 20 | Via Par|eto 12, |
|00001550| 34 32 30 32 30 20 41 6c | 62 69 6e 65 61 20 28 52 |42020 Al|binea (R|
|00001560| 45 29 2c 20 49 74 61 6c | 79 0a 43 6f 6e 74 65 6e |E), Ital|y.Conten|
|00001570| 74 73 0a 43 48 41 50 54 | 45 52 20 31 20 20 20 20 |ts.CHAPT|ER 1 |
|00001580| 20 20 20 31 0a 47 45 4e | 45 52 41 4c 20 49 4e 46 | 1.GEN|ERAL INF|
|00001590| 4f 52 4d 41 54 49 4f 4e | 20 20 20 20 20 31 0a 31 |ORMATION| 1.1|
|000015a0| 2e 31 20 49 4e 54 52 4f | 44 55 43 54 49 4f 4e 20 |.1 INTRO|DUCTION |
|000015b0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 31 | 0a 31 2e 32 20 41 53 53 | 1|.1.2 ASS|
|000015c0| 45 4d 42 4c 59 20 4c 41 | 4e 47 55 41 47 45 20 20 |EMBLY LA|NGUAGE |
|000015d0| 20 32 0a 31 2e 33 20 4f | 50 45 52 41 54 49 4e 47 | 2.1.3 O|PERATING|
|000015e0| 20 45 4e 56 49 52 4f 4e | 4d 45 4e 54 20 20 20 20 | ENVIRON|MENT |
|000015f0| 20 20 20 32 0a 31 2e 34 | 20 41 53 53 45 4d 42 4c | 2.1.4| ASSEMBL|
|00001600| 45 52 20 50 52 4f 43 45 | 53 53 49 4e 47 20 20 20 |ER PROCE|SSING |
|00001610| 20 20 20 20 20 33 0a 31 | 2e 35 20 44 49 53 54 52 | 3.1|.5 DISTR|
|00001620| 49 42 55 54 49 4f 4e 20 | 44 49 53 4b 20 20 20 33 |IBUTION |DISK 3|
|00001630| 0a 43 48 41 50 54 45 52 | 20 32 20 20 20 20 20 20 |.CHAPTER| 2 |
|00001640| 20 34 0a 43 4f 44 49 4e | 47 20 41 53 53 45 4d 42 | 4.CODIN|G ASSEMB|
|00001650| 4c 59 20 4c 41 4e 47 55 | 41 47 45 20 50 52 4f 47 |LY LANGU|AGE PROG|
|00001660| 52 41 4d 53 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 34 0a 32 2e 31 |RAMS | 4.2.1|
|00001670| 20 49 4e 54 52 4f 44 55 | 43 54 49 4f 4e 20 20 20 | INTRODU|CTION |
|00001680| 20 20 20 20 20 34 0a 32 | 2e 32 20 53 4f 55 52 43 | 4.2|.2 SOURC|
|00001690| 45 20 20 53 54 41 54 45 | 4d 45 4e 54 20 46 4f 52 |E STATE|MENT FOR|
|000016a0| 4d 41 54 20 20 20 20 34 | 0a 32 2e 32 2e 31 20 4c |MAT 4|.2.2.1 L|
|000016b0| 61 62 65 6c 20 46 69 65 | 6c 64 20 20 20 20 20 20 |abel Fie|ld |
|000016c0| 20 34 0a 32 2e 32 2e 32 | 20 4f 70 65 72 61 74 69 | 4.2.2.2| Operati|
|000016d0| 6f 6e 20 46 69 65 6c 64 | 20 20 20 35 0a 32 2e 32 |on Field| 5.2.2|
|000016e0| 2e 33 20 4f 70 65 72 61 | 6e 64 20 46 69 65 6c 64 |.3 Opera|nd Field|
|000016f0| 20 20 20 20 20 35 0a 32 | 2e 32 2e 33 2e 31 20 4d | 5.2|.2.3.1 M|
|00001700| 36 38 30 35 2f 4d 36 38 | 48 43 30 35 20 4f 70 65 |6805/M68|HC05 Ope|
|00001710| 72 61 6e 64 20 53 79 6e | 74 61 78 20 20 20 20 35 |rand Syn|tax 5|
|00001720| 0a 32 2e 32 2e 33 2e 32 | 20 4d 36 38 48 43 31 31 |.2.2.3.2| M68HC11|
|00001730| 20 4f 70 65 72 61 6e 64 | 20 53 79 6e 74 61 78 20 | Operand| Syntax |
|00001740| 20 35 0a 32 2e 32 2e 33 | 2e 33 20 45 78 70 72 65 | 5.2.2.3|.3 Expre|
|00001750| 73 73 69 6f 6e 73 2e 20 | 20 20 20 36 0a 32 2e 32 |ssions. | 6.2.2|
|00001760| 2e 33 2e 34 20 4f 70 65 | 72 61 74 6f 72 73 2e 20 |.3.4 Ope|rators. |
|00001770| 20 20 20 20 20 36 0a 32 | 2e 32 2e 33 2e 35 20 53 | 6.2|.2.3.5 S|
|00001780| 79 6d 62 6f 6c 73 2e 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 36 |ymbols. | 6|
|00001790| 0a 32 2e 32 2e 33 2e 36 | 20 43 6f 6e 73 74 61 6e |.2.2.3.6| Constan|
|000017a0| 74 73 2e 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 36 0a 32 2e 32 2e 34 |ts. | 6.2.2.4|
|000017b0| 20 43 6f 6d 6d 65 6e 74 | 20 46 69 65 6c 64 20 20 | Comment| Field |
|000017c0| 20 20 20 37 0a 32 2e 33 | 20 41 53 53 45 4d 42 4c | 7.2.3| ASSEMBL|
|000017d0| 45 52 20 4f 55 54 50 55 | 54 20 20 20 20 37 0a 43 |ER OUTPU|T 7.C|
|000017e0| 48 41 50 54 45 52 20 33 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 39 |HAPTER 3| 9|
|000017f0| 0a 52 55 4e 4e 49 4e 47 | 20 54 48 45 20 41 53 53 |.RUNNING| THE ASS|
|00001800| 45 4d 42 4c 45 52 53 20 | 20 39 0a 33 2e 31 20 41 |EMBLERS | 9.3.1 A|
|00001810| 53 53 45 4d 42 4c 45 52 | 20 49 4e 53 54 41 4c 4c |SSEMBLER| INSTALL|
|00001820| 49 4e 47 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 39 0a 33 2e 32 |ING | 9.3.2|
|00001830| 20 41 53 53 45 4d 42 4c | 45 52 20 49 4e 56 4f 43 | ASSEMBL|ER INVOC|
|00001840| 41 54 49 4f 4e 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 39 0a 33 |ATION | 9.3|
|00001850| 2e 33 20 45 52 52 4f 52 | 20 4d 45 53 53 41 47 45 |.3 ERROR| MESSAGE|
|00001860| 53 20 20 20 20 20 20 31 | 30 0a 43 48 41 50 54 45 |S 1|0.CHAPTE|
|00001870| 52 20 34 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 31 31 0a 41 53 53 |R 4 | 11.ASS|
|00001880| 45 4d 42 4c 45 52 20 44 | 49 52 45 43 54 49 56 45 |EMBLER D|IRECTIVE|
|00001890| 53 20 20 20 20 31 31 0a | 34 2e 31 20 49 4e 54 52 |S 11.|4.1 INTR|
|000018a0| 4f 44 55 43 54 49 4f 4e | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |ODUCTION| |
|000018b0| 31 31 0a 34 2e 32 20 42 | 53 5a 20 2d 20 42 4c 4f |11.4.2 B|SZ - BLO|
|000018c0| 43 4b 20 53 54 4f 52 41 | 47 45 20 4f 46 20 5a 45 |CK STORA|GE OF ZE|
|000018d0| 52 4f 53 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 31 31 0a 34 2e |ROS | 11.4.|
|000018e0| 33 20 45 51 55 20 2d 20 | 45 51 55 41 54 45 20 53 |3 EQU - |EQUATE S|
|000018f0| 59 4d 42 4f 4c 20 54 4f | 20 41 20 56 41 4c 55 45 |YMBOL TO| A VALUE|
|00001900| 20 20 20 20 20 20 31 31 | 0a 34 2e 34 20 46 43 42 | 11|.4.4 FCB|
|00001910| 20 2d 20 46 4f 52 4d 20 | 43 4f 4e 53 54 41 4e 54 | - FORM |CONSTANT|
|00001920| 20 42 59 54 45 20 20 20 | 20 31 32 0a 34 2e 35 20 | BYTE | 12.4.5 |
|00001930| 46 43 43 20 2d 20 46 4f | 52 4d 20 43 4f 4e 53 54 |FCC - FO|RM CONST|
|00001940| 41 4e 54 20 43 48 41 52 | 41 43 54 45 52 20 53 54 |ANT CHAR|ACTER ST|
|00001950| 52 49 4e 47 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 31 32 0a 34 |RING | 12.4|
|00001960| 2e 36 20 46 44 42 20 2d | 20 46 4f 52 4d 20 44 4f |.6 FDB -| FORM DO|
|00001970| 55 42 4c 45 20 42 59 54 | 45 20 43 4f 4e 53 54 41 |UBLE BYT|E CONSTA|
|00001980| 4e 54 20 20 20 20 20 31 | 32 0a 34 2e 37 20 46 49 |NT 1|2.4.7 FI|
|00001990| 4c 4c 20 2d 20 46 49 4c | 4c 20 4d 45 4d 4f 52 59 |LL - FIL|L MEMORY|
|000019a0| 20 20 31 32 0a 34 2e 38 | 20 4f 50 54 20 2d 20 41 | 12.4.8| OPT - A|
|000019b0| 53 53 45 4d 42 4c 45 52 | 20 4f 55 54 50 55 54 20 |SSEMBLER| OUTPUT |
|000019c0| 4f 50 54 49 4f 4e 53 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 31 32 0a |OPTIONS | 12.|
|000019d0| 34 2e 39 20 4f 52 47 20 | 2d 20 53 45 54 20 50 52 |4.9 ORG |- SET PR|
|000019e0| 4f 47 52 41 4d 20 43 4f | 55 4e 54 45 52 20 54 4f |OGRAM CO|UNTER TO|
|000019f0| 20 4f 52 49 47 49 4e 20 | 31 33 0a 34 2e 31 30 20 | ORIGIN |13.4.10 |
|00001a00| 50 41 47 45 20 2d 20 54 | 4f 50 20 4f 46 20 50 41 |PAGE - T|OP OF PA|
|00001a10| 47 45 20 31 33 0a 34 2e | 31 31 20 52 4d 42 20 2d |GE 13.4.|11 RMB -|
|00001a20| 20 52 45 53 45 52 56 45 | 20 4d 45 4d 4f 52 59 20 | RESERVE| MEMORY |
|00001a30| 42 59 54 45 53 20 31 33 | 0a 34 2e 31 32 20 5a 4d |BYTES 13|.4.12 ZM|
|00001a40| 42 20 2d 20 5a 45 52 4f | 20 4d 45 4d 4f 52 59 20 |B - ZERO| MEMORY |
|00001a50| 42 59 54 45 53 20 20 28 | 73 61 6d 65 20 61 73 20 |BYTES (|same as |
|00001a60| 42 53 5a 29 20 20 20 20 | 20 31 34 0a 34 2e 31 33 |BSZ) | 14.4.13|
|00001a70| 20 49 4e 43 4c 55 44 45 | 20 2d 20 49 4e 43 4c 55 | INCLUDE| - INCLU|
|00001a80| 44 45 20 46 49 4c 45 53 | 20 20 20 20 31 34 0a 34 |DE FILES| 14.4|
|00001a90| 2e 31 34 20 49 46 44 2c | 20 49 46 4e 44 2c 20 45 |.14 IFD,| IFND, E|
|00001aa0| 4c 53 45 2c 20 45 4e 44 | 49 46 20 20 20 20 20 31 |LSE, END|IF 1|
|00001ab0| 34 0a 34 2e 31 35 20 42 | 53 53 2c 20 43 4f 44 45 |4.4.15 B|SS, CODE|
|00001ac0| 2c 20 44 41 54 41 2c 20 | 41 55 54 4f 20 20 20 20 |, DATA, |AUTO |
|00001ad0| 20 20 31 34 0a 41 50 50 | 45 4e 44 49 58 20 41 20 | 14.APP|ENDIX A |
|00001ae0| 20 20 20 20 20 31 35 0a | 43 48 41 52 41 43 54 45 | 15.|CHARACTE|
|00001af0| 52 20 53 45 54 20 20 20 | 31 35 0a 41 50 50 45 4e |R SET |15.APPEN|
|00001b00| 44 49 58 20 42 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 31 37 0a 41 44 |DIX B | 17.AD|
|00001b10| 44 52 45 53 53 49 4e 47 | 20 4d 4f 44 45 53 20 20 |DRESSING| MODES |
|00001b20| 20 20 20 20 20 20 31 37 | 0a 42 2e 31 20 4d 36 38 | 17|.B.1 M68|
|00001b30| 30 35 2f 36 38 48 43 30 | 35 20 41 44 44 52 45 53 |05/68HC0|5 ADDRES|
|00001b40| 53 49 4e 47 20 4d 4f 44 | 45 53 2e 20 20 20 20 20 |SING MOD|ES. |
|00001b50| 20 31 37 0a 42 2e 32 20 | 4d 36 38 48 43 31 31 20 | 17.B.2 |M68HC11 |
|00001b60| 41 44 44 52 45 53 53 49 | 4e 47 20 4d 4f 44 45 53 |ADDRESSI|NG MODES|
|00001b70| 2e 20 20 20 31 38 0a 41 | 50 50 45 4e 44 49 58 20 |. 18.A|PPENDIX |
|00001b80| 43 20 20 20 20 20 20 32 | 30 0a 44 49 52 45 43 54 |C 2|0.DIRECT|
|00001b90| 49 56 45 20 53 55 4d 4d | 41 52 59 20 20 20 20 20 |IVE SUMM|ARY |
|00001ba0| 20 20 32 30 0a 41 50 50 | 45 4e 44 49 58 20 44 20 | 20.APP|ENDIX D |
|00001bb0| 20 20 20 20 20 32 31 0a | 41 53 53 45 4d 42 4c 45 | 21.|ASSEMBLE|
|00001bc0| 52 20 4c 49 53 54 49 4e | 47 20 46 4f 52 4d 41 54 |R LISTIN|G FORMAT|
|00001bd0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 32 31 0a 41 50 50 45 4e | |21.APPEN|
|00001be0| 44 49 58 20 45 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 32 32 0a 53 2d |DIX E | 22.S-|
|00001bf0| 52 45 43 4f 52 44 20 49 | 4e 46 4f 52 4d 41 54 49 |RECORD I|NFORMATI|
|00001c00| 4f 4e 20 20 20 20 32 32 | 0a 45 2e 31 20 49 4e 54 |ON 22|.E.1 INT|
|00001c10| 52 4f 44 55 43 54 49 4f | 4e 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |RODUCTIO|N |
|00001c20| 20 32 32 0a 45 2e 32 20 | 53 2d 52 45 43 4f 52 44 | 22.E.2 |S-RECORD|
|00001c30| 20 43 4f 4e 54 45 4e 54 | 20 20 20 20 32 32 0a 45 | CONTENT| 22.E|
|00001c40| 2e 33 20 53 2d 52 45 43 | 4f 52 44 20 54 59 50 45 |.3 S-REC|ORD TYPE|
|00001c50| 53 20 20 20 20 20 20 32 | 32 0a 45 2e 34 20 53 2d |S 2|2.E.4 S-|
|00001c60| 52 45 43 4f 52 44 20 45 | 58 41 4d 50 4c 45 20 20 |RECORD E|XAMPLE |
|00001c70| 20 20 32 32 0a 0a 43 48 | 41 50 54 45 52 20 31 0a | 22..CH|APTER 1.|
|00001c80| 47 45 4e 45 52 41 4c 20 | 49 4e 46 4f 52 4d 41 54 |GENERAL |INFORMAT|
|00001c90| 49 4f 4e 0a 31 2e 31 20 | 49 4e 54 52 4f 44 55 43 |ION.1.1 |INTRODUC|
|00001ca0| 54 49 4f 4e 0a 54 68 69 | 73 20 69 73 20 74 68 65 |TION.Thi|s is the|
|00001cb0| 20 75 73 65 72 27 73 20 | 72 65 66 65 72 65 6e 63 | user's |referenc|
|00001cc0| 65 20 6d 61 6e 75 61 6c | 20 66 6f 72 20 74 68 65 |e manual| for the|
|00001cd0| 20 41 72 63 68 69 6d 65 | 64 65 73 20 20 68 6f 73 | Archime|des hos|
|00001ce0| 74 65 64 20 20 4d 6f 74 | 6f 72 6f 6c 61 20 46 72 |ted Mot|orola Fr|
|00001cf0| 65 65 77 61 72 65 20 20 | 38 20 20 62 69 74 20 20 |eeware |8 bit |
|00001d00| 63 72 6f 73 73 20 20 0a | 61 73 73 65 6d 62 6c 65 |cross .|assemble|
|00001d10| 72 73 2c 20 70 6f 72 74 | 65 64 20 74 6f 20 74 68 |rs, port|ed to th|
|00001d20| 65 20 41 72 63 68 69 6d | 65 64 65 73 20 74 6f 20 |e Archim|edes to |
|00001d30| 74 61 6b 65 20 61 64 76 | 61 6e 74 61 67 65 20 6f |take adv|antage o|
|00001d40| 66 20 74 68 65 20 52 49 | 53 43 20 4f 53 20 66 61 |f the RI|SC OS fa|
|00001d50| 63 69 6c 69 74 69 65 73 | 2c 20 65 73 70 65 63 69 |cilities|, especi|
|00001d60| 61 6c 6c 79 20 74 68 72 | 6f 77 62 61 63 6b 20 0a |ally thr|owback .|
|00001d70| 28 72 6f 75 74 69 6e 65 | 73 20 62 79 20 4e 69 6b |(routine|s by Nik|
|00001d80| 6c 61 73 20 52 f6 6a 65 | 6d 6f 2c 20 6d 61 6e 79 |las R.je|mo, many|
|00001d90| 20 74 68 61 6e 6b 73 20 | 66 6f 72 20 75 73 61 67 | thanks |for usag|
|00001da0| 65 20 70 65 72 6d 69 73 | 73 69 6f 6e 29 2c 20 64 |e permis|sion), d|
|00001db0| 72 6f 70 20 61 6e 64 20 | 64 72 61 67 2c 20 61 6e |rop and |drag, an|
|00001dc0| 64 20 6d 75 6c 74 69 74 | 61 73 6b 69 6e 67 2e 20 |d multit|asking. |
|00001dd0| 49 74 20 68 61 73 20 0a | 62 65 63 6f 6d 65 20 6d |It has .|become m|
|00001de0| 75 63 68 20 6d 6f 72 65 | 20 66 72 69 65 6e 64 6c |uch more| friendl|
|00001df0| 79 20 74 68 61 6e 20 74 | 68 65 20 6f 72 69 67 69 |y than t|he origi|
|00001e00| 6e 61 6c 2c 20 63 6f 6d | 6d 61 6e 64 20 6c 69 6e |nal, com|mand lin|
|00001e10| 65 2c 20 50 43 20 76 65 | 72 73 69 6f 6e 2e 20 54 |e, PC ve|rsion. T|
|00001e20| 68 65 20 63 6f 64 65 20 | 69 73 20 62 61 73 65 64 |he code |is based|
|00001e30| 20 75 70 6f 6e 20 74 68 | 65 20 0a 4d 6f 74 6f 72 | upon th|e .Motor|
|00001e40| 6f 6c 61 20 66 72 65 65 | 77 61 72 65 20 72 65 6c |ola free|ware rel|
|00001e50| 65 61 73 65 20 54 45 52 | 5f 32 2e 30 20 76 20 32 |ease TER|_2.0 v 2|
|00001e60| 2e 30 39 2e 20 49 74 27 | 73 20 68 61 73 20 62 65 |.09. It'|s has be|
|00001e70| 65 6e 20 72 65 77 72 69 | 74 74 65 6e 20 69 6e 20 |en rewri|tten in |
|00001e80| 41 4e 53 49 20 73 74 79 | 6c 65 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 |ANSI sty|le, and |
|00001e90| 61 6c 6c 20 74 68 65 20 | 55 4e 49 58 20 66 69 6c |all the |UNIX fil|
|00001ea0| 69 6e 67 20 0a 73 79 73 | 74 65 6d 20 63 61 6c 6c |ing .sys|tem call|
|00001eb0| 73 20 68 61 76 65 20 62 | 65 65 6e 20 72 65 70 6c |s have b|een repl|
|00001ec0| 61 63 65 64 20 62 79 20 | 41 4e 53 49 20 6f 6e 65 |aced by |ANSI one|
|00001ed0| 73 2e 20 49 74 27 73 20 | 39 39 2e 39 20 70 65 72 |s. It's |99.9 per|
|00001ee0| 63 65 6e 74 20 63 6f 6d | 70 61 74 69 62 6c 65 20 |cent com|patible |
|00001ef0| 77 69 74 68 20 4d 6f 74 | 6f 72 6f 6c 61 20 41 53 |with Mot|orola AS|
|00001f00| 31 31 20 73 6f 75 72 63 | 65 20 0a 66 6f 72 6d 61 |11 sourc|e .forma|
|00001f10| 74 73 2c 20 74 68 65 20 | 73 6d 61 6c 6c 20 64 69 |ts, the |small di|
|00001f20| 66 66 65 72 65 6e 63 65 | 20 72 65 67 61 72 64 69 |fference| regardi|
|00001f30| 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 77 | 61 79 20 69 74 20 74 72 |ng the w|ay it tr|
|00001f40| 65 61 74 73 20 74 68 65 | 20 46 43 43 20 64 69 72 |eats the| FCC dir|
|00001f50| 65 63 74 69 76 65 20 28 | 74 68 65 20 6f 72 69 67 |ective (|the orig|
|00001f60| 69 6e 61 6c 20 77 61 73 | 20 61 20 70 6f 73 73 69 |inal was| a possi|
|00001f70| 62 6c 65 20 0a 73 6f 75 | 72 63 65 20 6f 66 20 62 |ble .sou|rce of b|
|00001f80| 75 67 73 2c 20 61 6e 64 | 20 62 75 67 67 79 20 74 |ugs, and| buggy t|
|00001f90| 6f 6f 21 29 20 61 6e 64 | 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 |oo!) and| command|
|00001fa0| 20 6c 69 6e 65 20 73 79 | 6e 74 61 78 2e 20 41 6c | line sy|ntax. Al|
|00001fb0| 6c 20 74 68 65 20 52 49 | 53 43 20 4f 53 20 69 6e |l the RI|SC OS in|
|00001fc0| 74 65 72 66 61 63 65 20 | 69 73 20 68 61 6e 64 6c |terface |is handl|
|00001fd0| 65 64 20 62 79 20 74 68 | 65 20 0a 61 70 70 72 6f |ed by th|e .appro|
|00001fe0| 70 72 69 61 74 65 20 44 | 44 45 55 74 69 6c 73 20 |priate D|DEUtils |
|00001ff0| 61 6e 64 20 46 72 6f 6e | 74 45 6e 64 20 6d 6f 64 |and Fron|tEnd mod|
|00002000| 75 6c 65 73 3a 20 61 73 | 20 74 68 65 79 20 61 72 |ules: as| they ar|
|00002010| 65 20 6e 6f 74 20 66 72 | 65 65 77 61 72 65 2c 20 |e not fr|eeware, |
|00002020| 49 20 63 61 6e 6e 6f 74 | 20 73 75 70 70 6c 79 20 |I cannot| supply |
|00002030| 74 68 65 6d 2e 20 54 68 | 65 79 20 61 72 65 20 0a |them. Th|ey are .|
|00002040| 72 61 74 68 65 72 20 63 | 6f 6d 6d 6f 6e 2c 20 74 |rather c|ommon, t|
|00002050| 68 6f 75 67 68 2c 20 61 | 6e 64 20 79 65 73 2c 20 |hough, a|nd yes, |
|00002060| 21 61 73 6d 31 31 20 61 | 6e 64 20 21 61 73 6d 30 |!asm11 a|nd !asm0|
|00002070| 35 20 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 | 20 72 75 6e 20 66 72 6f |5 should| run fro|
|00002080| 6d 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e | 64 20 6c 69 6e 65 20 74 |m comman|d line t|
|00002090| 6f 6f 21 20 55 70 20 74 | 6f 20 6e 6f 77 2c 20 49 |oo! Up t|o now, I|
|000020a0| 20 68 61 76 65 20 0a 6e | 6f 74 20 68 61 64 20 74 | have .n|ot had t|
|000020b0| 69 6d 65 20 74 6f 20 73 | 74 75 64 79 20 74 68 65 |ime to s|tudy the|
|000020c0| 20 62 65 68 61 76 69 6f | 75 72 20 6f 66 20 64 69 | behavio|ur of di|
|000020d0| 72 65 63 74 69 76 65 73 | 20 61 74 20 63 68 61 70 |rectives| at chap|
|000020e0| 74 65 72 73 20 34 2e 31 | 33 2c 20 34 2e 31 34 2c |ters 4.1|3, 4.14,|
|000020f0| 20 34 2e 31 35 2e 0a 54 | 68 65 20 6f 6e 6c 79 20 | 4.15..T|he only |
|00002100| 73 75 70 70 6f 72 74 65 | 64 20 6d 43 20 20 61 72 |supporte|d mC ar|
|00002110| 65 20 74 68 65 20 75 62 | 69 71 75 69 74 6f 75 73 |e the ub|iquitous|
|00002120| 20 36 38 48 43 31 31 20 | 61 6e 64 20 36 38 48 43 | 68HC11 |and 68HC|
|00002130| 30 35 2e 20 0a 21 61 73 | 6d 31 31 2f 30 35 20 69 |05. .!as|m11/05 i|
|00002140| 73 20 66 72 65 65 77 61 | 72 65 2e 20 48 6f 77 65 |s freewa|re. Howe|
|00002150| 76 65 72 2c 20 61 73 20 | 69 74 20 74 6f 6f 6b 20 |ver, as |it took |
|00002160| 6d 61 6e 79 20 68 6f 75 | 72 73 20 74 6f 20 70 6f |many hou|rs to po|
|00002170| 72 74 20 69 74 2c 20 49 | 20 72 65 71 75 65 73 74 |rt it, I| request|
|00002180| 20 74 68 65 20 75 73 65 | 72 20 74 6f 20 73 65 6e | the use|r to sen|
|00002190| 64 2c 20 69 6e 20 0a 65 | 78 63 68 61 6e 67 65 2c |d, in .e|xchange,|
|000021a0| 20 66 65 65 64 62 61 63 | 6b 20 6f 6e 20 69 74 73 | feedbac|k on its|
|000021b0| 20 75 73 65 20 61 6e 64 | 20 72 65 70 6f 72 74 73 | use and| reports|
|000021c0| 20 61 6e 79 20 62 75 67 | 73 2c 20 73 6f 20 74 68 | any bug|s, so th|
|000021d0| 61 74 20 49 20 6d 61 79 | 20 67 65 74 20 72 69 64 |at I may| get rid|
|000021e0| 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 6d | 2c 20 67 69 76 65 6e 20 | of them|, given |
|000021f0| 65 6e 6f 75 67 68 20 74 | 69 6d 65 2e 20 59 6f 75 |enough t|ime. You|
|00002200| 20 0a 61 72 65 20 6e 6f | 74 20 61 6c 6c 6f 77 65 | .are no|t allowe|
|00002210| 64 20 74 6f 20 6d 61 6b | 65 20 6d 6f 6e 65 79 20 |d to mak|e money |
|00002220| 72 65 73 65 6c 6c 69 6e | 67 20 69 74 20 61 73 20 |resellin|g it as |
|00002230| 61 20 73 6f 66 74 77 61 | 72 65 20 70 72 6f 64 75 |a softwa|re produ|
|00002240| 63 74 2e 20 49 66 20 79 | 6f 75 20 75 73 65 20 69 |ct. If y|ou use i|
|00002250| 74 20 70 72 6f 66 65 73 | 73 69 6f 6e 61 6c 6c 79 |t profes|sionally|
|00002260| 20 61 6e 64 20 64 65 76 | 65 6c 6f 70 20 0a 61 6e | and dev|elop .an|
|00002270| 79 20 73 79 73 74 65 6d | 73 2c 20 49 27 64 20 6c |y system|s, I'd l|
|00002280| 6f 76 65 20 74 6f 20 6b | 6e 6f 77 20 69 74 2e 20 |ove to k|now it. |
|00002290| 49 66 20 79 6f 75 20 74 | 68 69 6e 6b 20 69 74 27 |If you t|hink it'|
|000022a0| 73 20 76 61 6c 75 61 62 | 6c 65 2c 20 61 20 64 6f |s valuab|le, a do|
|000022b0| 6e 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 69 | 73 20 77 65 6c 63 6f 6d |nation i|s welcom|
|000022c0| 65 20 28 73 61 79 2c 20 | 35 20 6f 72 20 31 30 20 |e (say, |5 or 10 |
|000022d0| a3 29 20 62 75 74 20 6e | 6f 74 20 0a 72 65 71 75 |.) but n|ot .requ|
|000022e0| 65 73 74 65 64 2c 20 61 | 73 20 74 68 69 73 20 69 |ested, a|s this i|
|000022f0| 73 20 66 72 65 65 77 61 | 72 65 2e 20 0a 54 68 69 |s freewa|re. .Thi|
|00002300| 73 20 6d 61 6e 75 61 6c | 20 69 73 20 69 6e 20 61 |s manual| is in a|
|00002310| 20 76 65 72 79 20 70 72 | 65 6c 69 6d 69 6e 61 72 | very pr|eliminar|
|00002320| 79 20 73 74 61 67 65 2e | 20 49 20 63 6f 75 6c 64 |y stage.| I could|
|00002330| 6e 27 74 20 63 72 6f 73 | 73 20 63 68 65 63 6b 20 |n't cros|s check |
|00002340| 69 74 20 31 30 30 25 20 | 76 65 72 73 75 73 20 74 |it 100% |versus t|
|00002350| 68 65 20 72 65 61 6c 20 | 0a 61 73 73 65 6d 62 6c |he real |.assembl|
|00002360| 65 72 20 62 65 68 61 76 | 69 6f 75 72 2c 20 62 75 |er behav|iour, bu|
|00002370| 74 20 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 | 20 67 69 76 65 20 79 6f |t should| give yo|
|00002380| 75 20 65 6e 6f 75 67 68 | 20 69 6e 66 6f 20 74 6f |u enough| info to|
|00002390| 20 73 74 61 72 74 20 77 | 6f 72 6b 69 6e 67 2e 20 | start w|orking. |
|000023a0| 49 74 20 63 6f 6d 65 73 | 20 69 6e 20 74 68 72 65 |It comes| in thre|
|000023b0| 65 20 66 6f 72 6d 73 3a | 20 61 6e 20 0a 49 6d 70 |e forms:| an .Imp|
|000023c0| 72 65 73 73 69 6f 6e 20 | 66 69 6c 65 2c 20 61 20 |ression |file, a |
|000023d0| 50 6f 73 74 73 63 72 69 | 70 74 20 66 69 6c 65 20 |Postscri|pt file |
|000023e0| 28 69 66 20 79 6f 75 20 | 64 6f 6e 27 74 20 68 61 |(if you |don't ha|
|000023f0| 76 65 20 49 6d 70 72 65 | 73 73 69 6f 6e 20 62 75 |ve Impre|ssion bu|
|00002400| 74 20 68 61 76 65 20 61 | 63 63 65 73 73 20 74 6f |t have a|ccess to|
|00002410| 20 61 20 50 53 20 70 72 | 69 6e 74 65 72 29 20 61 | a PS pr|inter) a|
|00002420| 6e 64 20 61 6e 20 41 53 | 43 49 49 20 0a 28 73 61 |nd an AS|CII .(sa|
|00002430| 76 65 64 20 66 72 6f 6d | 20 49 6d 70 72 65 73 73 |ved from| Impress|
|00002440| 69 6f 6e 29 20 70 6c 61 | 69 6e 20 74 65 78 74 2c |ion) pla|in text,|
|00002450| 20 66 6f 72 20 74 68 65 | 20 72 65 73 74 20 6f 66 | for the| rest of|
|00002460| 20 74 68 65 20 77 6f 72 | 6c 64 2e 20 54 68 65 20 | the wor|ld. The |
|00002470| 6d 6f 72 65 20 64 69 66 | 66 65 72 65 6e 63 65 73 |more dif|ferences|
|00002480| 20 79 6f 75 27 6c 6c 20 | 72 65 70 6f 72 74 20 62 | you'll |report b|
|00002490| 65 74 77 65 65 6e 20 69 | 74 20 0a 61 6e 64 20 21 |etween i|t .and !|
|000024a0| 61 73 6d 31 31 2f 30 35 | 2c 20 74 68 65 20 62 65 |asm11/05|, the be|
|000024b0| 74 74 65 72 20 69 74 20 | 77 69 6c 6c 20 62 65 63 |tter it |will bec|
|000024c0| 6f 6d 65 2e 20 54 68 61 | 6e 6b 73 2e 0a 59 6f 75 |ome. Tha|nks..You|
|000024d0| 20 63 61 6e 20 72 65 64 | 69 73 74 72 69 62 75 74 | can red|istribut|
|000024e0| 65 20 74 68 69 73 20 73 | 6f 66 74 77 61 72 65 2c |e this s|oftware,|
|000024f0| 20 61 63 63 6f 72 64 69 | 6e 67 20 74 6f 20 74 68 | accordi|ng to th|
|00002500| 65 20 66 6f 6c 6c 6f 77 | 69 6e 67 20 74 65 72 6d |e follow|ing term|
|00002510| 73 3a 0a 61 29 20 4e 6f | 20 63 68 61 72 67 65 20 |s:.a) No| charge |
|00002520| 69 73 20 74 61 6b 65 6e | 20 66 6f 72 20 73 75 63 |is taken| for suc|
|00002530| 68 20 64 69 73 74 72 69 | 62 75 74 69 6f 6e 2e 20 |h distri|bution. |
|00002540| 49 66 20 79 6f 75 20 77 | 61 6e 74 20 74 6f 20 69 |If you w|ant to i|
|00002550| 6e 63 6c 75 64 65 20 69 | 74 20 69 6e 20 61 20 70 |nclude i|t in a p|
|00002560| 75 62 6c 69 63 2f 73 68 | 61 72 65 2f 77 68 61 74 |ublic/sh|are/what|
|00002570| 65 76 65 72 20 0a 6c 69 | 62 72 61 72 79 20 74 68 |ever .li|brary th|
|00002580| 65 6e 20 79 6f 75 20 63 | 61 6e 20 6e 6f 74 20 63 |en you c|an not c|
|00002590| 68 61 72 67 65 20 61 6e | 79 74 68 69 6e 67 20 66 |harge an|ything f|
|000025a0| 6f 72 20 61 20 64 69 73 | 63 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 |or a dis|c which |
|000025b0| 63 6f 6e 74 61 69 6e 73 | 20 74 68 69 73 20 73 6f |contains| this so|
|000025c0| 66 74 77 61 72 65 2e 20 | 49 74 20 69 73 20 65 78 |ftware. |It is ex|
|000025d0| 70 6c 69 63 69 74 6c 79 | 20 66 6f 72 62 69 64 64 |plicitly| forbidd|
|000025e0| 65 6e 20 74 6f 20 0a 75 | 73 65 20 74 68 69 73 20 |en to .u|se this |
|000025f0| 73 6f 66 74 77 61 72 65 | 20 61 73 20 61 20 76 61 |software| as a va|
|00002600| 6c 75 65 20 61 64 64 65 | 64 20 62 65 6e 65 66 69 |lue adde|d benefi|
|00002610| 74 20 74 6f 20 61 6e 79 | 20 6f 74 68 65 72 20 70 |t to any| other p|
|00002620| 72 6f 64 75 63 74 20 66 | 6f 72 20 77 68 69 63 68 |roduct f|or which|
|00002630| 20 61 20 63 68 61 72 67 | 65 20 69 73 20 74 61 6b | a charg|e is tak|
|00002640| 65 6e 2e 0a 62 29 20 54 | 68 69 73 20 70 72 6f 67 |en..b) T|his prog|
|00002650| 72 61 6d 20 69 73 20 64 | 69 73 74 72 69 62 75 74 |ram is d|istribut|
|00002660| 65 64 20 69 6e 20 69 74 | 73 20 65 6e 74 69 72 65 |ed in it|s entire|
|00002670| 74 79 2c 20 69 6e 63 6c | 75 64 65 64 20 63 6f 70 |ty, incl|uded cop|
|00002680| 79 72 69 67 68 74 20 6d | 65 73 73 61 67 65 73 20 |yright m|essages |
|00002690| 61 6e 64 20 74 68 65 73 | 65 20 63 6f 6e 64 69 74 |and thes|e condit|
|000026a0| 69 6f 6e 73 2c 20 0a 61 | 6e 64 20 69 6e 20 6f 72 |ions, .a|nd in or|
|000026b0| 69 67 69 6e 61 6c 20 61 | 6e 64 20 75 6e 61 6c 74 |iginal a|nd unalt|
|000026c0| 65 72 65 64 20 63 6f 70 | 69 65 73 2e 20 54 68 69 |ered cop|ies. Thi|
|000026d0| 73 20 69 73 20 6f 6e 6c | 79 20 62 65 63 61 75 73 |s is onl|y becaus|
|000026e0| 65 20 49 20 77 61 6e 74 | 20 74 6f 20 6b 65 65 70 |e I want| to keep|
|000026f0| 20 74 72 61 63 6b 20 6f | 66 20 69 74 20 61 6e 64 | track o|f it and|
|00002700| 20 63 68 65 63 6b 20 61 | 6e 79 20 0a 61 6c 74 65 | check a|ny .alte|
|00002710| 72 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 2c | 20 61 6e 64 20 62 65 20 |rations,| and be |
|00002720| 72 65 61 73 6f 6e 61 62 | 6c 79 20 73 75 72 65 20 |reasonab|ly sure |
|00002730| 74 68 61 74 20 6e 6f 62 | 6f 64 79 20 62 6c 61 6d |that nob|ody blam|
|00002740| 65 73 20 6d 65 20 66 6f | 72 20 73 6f 6d 65 6f 6e |es me fo|r someon|
|00002750| 65 20 65 6c 73 65 27 73 | 20 66 61 75 6c 74 2e 20 |e else's| fault. |
|00002760| 41 6c 73 6f 2c 20 61 73 | 20 49 20 73 61 69 64 20 |Also, as| I said |
|00002770| 66 6f 72 20 74 68 65 20 | 0a 6d 61 6e 75 61 6c 2c |for the |.manual,|
|00002780| 20 62 75 67 73 20 77 69 | 6c 6c 20 70 72 6f 62 61 | bugs wi|ll proba|
|00002790| 62 6c 79 20 62 65 20 66 | 69 78 65 64 20 61 6e 64 |bly be f|ixed and|
|000027a0| 20 69 74 27 73 20 66 6f | 72 20 65 76 65 72 79 62 | it's fo|r everyb|
|000027b0| 6f 64 79 27 73 20 67 6f | 6f 64 20 74 6f 20 68 61 |ody's go|od to ha|
|000027c0| 76 65 20 69 74 20 64 6f | 6e 65 2e 20 0a 63 29 20 |ve it do|ne. .c) |
|000027d0| 20 59 6f 75 20 64 6f 6e | 27 74 20 66 6c 61 6d 65 | You don|'t flame|
|000027e0| 20 6d 65 20 66 6f 72 20 | 63 6f 64 69 6e 67 20 73 | me for |coding s|
|000027f0| 74 79 6c 65 3a 20 49 20 | 64 6f 6e 27 74 20 6c 69 |tyle: I |don't li|
|00002800| 6b 65 20 69 74 20 65 69 | 74 68 65 72 2c 20 69 74 |ke it ei|ther, it|
|00002810| 27 73 20 64 69 66 66 69 | 63 75 6c 74 20 74 6f 20 |'s diffi|cult to |
|00002820| 6d 61 6e 74 61 69 6e 2c | 20 69 74 20 77 61 73 20 |mantain,| it was |
|00002830| 6e 6f 74 20 0a 41 4e 53 | 49 2c 20 62 75 74 20 49 |not .ANS|I, but I|
|00002840| 27 6d 20 76 65 72 79 20 | 67 72 61 74 65 66 75 6c |'m very |grateful|
|00002850| 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 | 67 75 79 20 77 68 6f 20 | to the |guy who |
|00002860| 74 6f 6f 6b 20 74 68 65 | 20 74 69 6d 65 20 74 6f |took the| time to|
|00002870| 20 77 72 69 74 65 20 69 | 74 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 | write i|t in the|
|00002880| 20 62 65 67 69 6e 6e 69 | 6e 67 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 | beginni|ng, and |
|00002890| 74 6f 20 4d 6f 74 6f 72 | 6f 6c 61 20 74 68 61 74 |to Motor|ola that|
|000028a0| 20 0a 70 72 6f 76 69 64 | 65 64 20 74 68 65 20 6f | .provid|ed the o|
|000028b0| 72 69 67 69 6e 61 6c 20 | 73 6f 75 72 63 65 2e 20 |riginal |source. |
|000028c0| 49 20 64 6f 20 69 74 20 | 69 6e 20 6d 79 20 73 70 |I do it |in my sp|
|000028d0| 61 72 65 20 74 69 6d 65 | 2c 20 6d 79 20 67 6f 61 |are time|, my goa|
|000028e0| 6c 20 77 61 73 20 74 6f | 20 68 61 76 65 20 69 74 |l was to| have it|
|000028f0| 20 72 75 6e 6e 69 6e 67 | 20 61 73 61 70 2c 20 61 | running| asap, a|
|00002900| 6e 64 20 69 74 27 73 20 | 66 72 65 65 21 0a 4c 65 |nd it's |free!.Le|
|00002910| 67 61 6c 6c 79 2c 20 79 | 6f 75 20 61 72 65 20 6e |gally, y|ou are n|
|00002920| 6f 74 20 62 6f 75 6e 64 | 20 74 6f 20 74 68 69 73 |ot bound| to this|
|00002930| 20 61 67 72 65 65 6d 65 | 6e 74 2c 20 62 75 74 20 | agreeme|nt, but |
|00002940| 66 61 69 6c 69 6e 67 20 | 74 6f 20 64 6f 20 73 6f |failing |to do so|
|00002950| 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 6d 61 | 6b 65 20 79 6f 75 72 20 | will ma|ke your |
|00002960| 63 6f 6e 73 63 69 65 6e | 63 65 20 0a 68 61 75 6e |conscien|ce .haun|
|00002970| 74 20 79 6f 75 20 66 6f | 72 20 74 68 65 20 72 65 |t you fo|r the re|
|00002980| 73 74 20 6f 66 20 79 6f | 75 72 20 6c 69 66 65 21 |st of yo|ur life!|
|00002990| 20 0a 4e 65 69 74 68 65 | 72 20 4d 6f 74 6f 72 6f | .Neithe|r Motoro|
|000029a0| 6c 61 2c 20 49 6e 63 2e | 20 28 6f 62 76 69 6f 75 |la, Inc.| (obviou|
|000029b0| 73 6c 79 2c 20 61 73 20 | 74 68 65 79 20 64 6f 6e |sly, as |they don|
|000029c0| 27 74 20 65 76 65 6e 20 | 6b 6e 6f 77 20 74 68 69 |'t even |know thi|
|000029d0| 73 20 61 73 73 65 6d 62 | 6c 65 72 20 65 78 69 73 |s assemb|ler exis|
|000029e0| 74 2c 20 79 65 74 21 20 | 49 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 0a |t, yet! |I will .|
|000029f0| 75 70 6c 6f 61 64 20 69 | 74 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 |upload i|t to the|
|00002a00| 69 72 20 42 42 53 20 61 | 6e 79 77 61 79 29 20 6e |ir BBS a|nyway) n|
|00002a10| 6f 72 20 4d 61 75 72 69 | 7a 69 6f 20 46 65 72 72 |or Mauri|zio Ferr|
|00002a20| 61 72 69 20 6d 61 6b 65 | 73 20 61 6e 79 20 77 61 |ari make|s any wa|
|00002a30| 72 72 61 6e 74 79 2c 20 | 65 78 70 72 65 73 73 65 |rranty, |expresse|
|00002a40| 64 20 6f 72 20 69 6d 70 | 6c 69 65 64 2c 20 77 69 |d or imp|lied, wi|
|00002a50| 74 68 20 72 65 67 61 72 | 64 20 0a 74 6f 20 74 68 |th regar|d .to th|
|00002a60| 69 73 20 6d 61 74 65 72 | 69 61 6c 20 69 6e 63 6c |is mater|ial incl|
|00002a70| 75 64 69 6e 67 20 62 75 | 74 20 6e 6f 74 20 6c 69 |uding bu|t not li|
|00002a80| 6d 69 74 65 64 20 74 6f | 20 6d 65 72 63 68 61 6e |mited to| merchan|
|00002a90| 74 61 62 69 6c 69 74 79 | 20 61 6e 64 20 66 69 74 |tability| and fit|
|00002aa0| 6e 65 73 73 20 66 6f 72 | 20 61 20 67 69 76 65 6e |ness for| a given|
|00002ab0| 20 70 75 72 70 6f 73 65 | 2e 20 54 68 65 20 69 6e | purpose|. The in|
|00002ac0| 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 69 6f | 6e 20 0a 69 6e 20 74 68 |formatio|n .in th|
|00002ad0| 69 73 20 64 6f 63 75 6d | 65 6e 74 20 69 73 20 73 |is docum|ent is s|
|00002ae0| 75 62 6a 65 63 74 20 74 | 6f 20 63 68 61 6e 67 65 |ubject t|o change|
|00002af0| 20 77 69 74 68 6f 75 74 | 20 6e 6f 74 69 63 65 20 | without| notice |
|00002b00| 61 6e 64 20 6e 65 69 74 | 68 65 72 20 4d 6f 74 6f |and neit|her Moto|
|00002b10| 72 6f 6c 61 2c 20 49 6e | 63 2e 20 6f 72 20 4d 61 |rola, In|c. or Ma|
|00002b20| 75 72 69 7a 69 6f 20 46 | 65 72 72 61 72 69 20 61 |urizio F|errari a|
|00002b30| 73 73 75 6d 65 73 20 0a | 61 6e 79 20 72 65 73 70 |ssumes .|any resp|
|00002b40| 6f 6e 73 69 62 69 6c 69 | 74 79 20 66 6f 72 20 61 |onsibili|ty for a|
|00002b50| 6e 79 20 65 72 72 6f 72 | 73 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 |ny error|s which |
|00002b60| 6d 61 79 20 61 70 70 65 | 61 72 20 68 65 72 65 69 |may appe|ar herei|
|00002b70| 6e 2e 20 4e 6f 72 20 73 | 68 61 6c 6c 20 4d 6f 74 |n. Nor s|hall Mot|
|00002b80| 6f 72 6f 6c 61 2c 20 49 | 6e 63 2e 20 6f 72 20 4d |orola, I|nc. or M|
|00002b90| 61 75 72 69 7a 69 6f 20 | 46 65 72 72 61 72 69 20 |aurizio |Ferrari |
|00002ba0| 62 65 61 72 20 0a 61 6e | 79 20 6c 69 61 62 69 6c |bear .an|y liabil|
|00002bb0| 69 74 79 20 66 6f 72 20 | 75 73 65 20 6f 66 20 74 |ity for |use of t|
|00002bc0| 68 69 73 20 6d 61 74 65 | 72 69 61 6c 20 77 69 74 |his mate|rial wit|
|00002bd0| 68 20 72 65 73 70 65 63 | 74 20 63 6f 6d 70 65 6e |h respec|t compen|
|00002be0| 73 61 74 6f 72 79 2c 20 | 73 70 65 63 69 61 6c 2c |satory, |special,|
|00002bf0| 20 69 6e 63 69 64 65 6e | 74 61 6c 2c 20 63 6f 6e | inciden|tal, con|
|00002c00| 73 65 71 75 65 6e 74 69 | 61 6c 2c 20 6f 72 20 0a |sequenti|al, or .|
|00002c10| 65 78 65 6d 70 6c 61 72 | 79 20 64 61 6d 61 67 65 |exemplar|y damage|
|00002c20| 73 2e 0a 54 68 69 73 20 | 73 6f 66 74 77 61 72 65 |s..This |software|
|00002c30| 20 6d 61 79 20 63 6f 6e | 74 61 69 6e 20 62 75 67 | may con|tain bug|
|00002c40| 73 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 74 | 68 65 73 65 20 69 6e 20 |s, and t|hese in |
|00002c50| 74 75 72 6e 20 6d 61 79 | 20 63 61 75 73 65 20 61 |turn may| cause a|
|00002c60| 6e 79 20 64 69 73 61 73 | 74 65 72 20 79 6f 75 20 |ny disas|ter you |
|00002c70| 63 61 6e 20 74 68 69 6e | 6b 20 6f 66 2c 20 0a 69 |can thin|k of, .i|
|00002c80| 6e 63 6c 75 64 69 6e 67 | 20 62 75 74 20 6e 6f 74 |ncluding| but not|
|00002c90| 20 6c 69 6d 69 74 65 64 | 20 74 6f 20 79 6f 75 72 | limited| to your|
|00002ca0| 20 77 69 66 65 2f 67 69 | 72 6c 66 72 69 65 6e 64 | wife/gi|rlfriend|
|00002cb0| 20 68 75 73 62 61 6e 64 | 2f 62 6f 79 66 72 69 65 | husband|/boyfrie|
|00002cc0| 6e 64 20 2f 61 6e 79 6f | 6e 65 20 68 69 74 74 69 |nd /anyo|ne hitti|
|00002cd0| 6e 67 20 79 6f 75 20 68 | 61 72 64 20 66 6f 72 20 |ng you h|ard for |
|00002ce0| 73 74 61 79 69 6e 67 20 | 0a 61 77 61 6b 65 20 61 |staying |.awake a|
|00002cf0| 74 20 6e 69 67 68 74 20 | 64 65 62 75 67 67 69 6e |t night |debuggin|
|00002d00| 67 20 6e 61 73 74 79 20 | 63 6f 64 65 2e 20 59 6f |g nasty |code. Yo|
|00002d10| 75 20 68 61 76 65 20 62 | 65 65 6e 20 77 61 72 6e |u have b|een warn|
|00002d20| 65 64 20 2d 20 49 20 6b | 6e 6f 77 20 77 68 61 74 |ed - I k|now what|
|00002d30| 20 69 74 27 73 20 6c 69 | 6b 65 2e 20 4d 61 6e 79 | it's li|ke. Many|
|00002d40| 20 74 68 61 6e 6b 73 20 | 74 6f 20 6d 79 20 0a 77 | thanks |to my .w|
|00002d50| 69 66 65 20 4f 6c 69 76 | 69 61 20 66 6f 72 20 68 |ife Oliv|ia for h|
|00002d60| 65 72 20 70 61 74 69 65 | 6e 63 65 2e 0a 54 68 69 |er patie|nce..Thi|
|00002d70| 73 20 6d 61 6e 75 61 6c | 20 20 64 65 74 61 69 6c |s manual| detail|
|00002d80| 73 20 20 74 68 65 20 20 | 66 65 61 74 75 72 65 73 |s the |features|
|00002d90| 20 61 6e 64 20 63 61 70 | 61 62 69 6c 69 74 69 65 | and cap|abilitie|
|00002da0| 73 20 20 6f 66 20 20 74 | 68 65 20 20 63 72 6f 73 |s of t|he cros|
|00002db0| 73 20 20 20 61 73 73 65 | 6d 62 6c 65 72 73 2c 20 |s asse|mblers, |
|00002dc0| 20 20 61 73 73 65 6d 62 | 6c 65 72 20 20 20 0a 73 | assemb|ler .s|
|00002dd0| 79 6e 74 61 78 20 20 20 | 61 6e 64 20 64 69 72 65 |yntax |and dire|
|00002de0| 63 74 69 76 65 73 2c 20 | 20 6f 70 74 69 6f 6e 73 |ctives, | options|
|00002df0| 2c 20 20 61 6e 64 20 20 | 6c 69 73 74 69 6e 67 73 |, and |listings|
|00002e00| 2e 20 20 49 74 20 20 69 | 73 20 20 69 6e 74 65 6e |. It i|s inten|
|00002e10| 64 65 64 20 61 73 20 61 | 20 64 65 74 61 69 6c 65 |ded as a| detaile|
|00002e20| 64 20 72 65 66 65 72 65 | 6e 63 65 20 61 6e 64 20 |d refere|nce and |
|00002e30| 61 6e 20 69 6e 74 72 6f | 64 75 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 |an intro|duction |
|00002e40| 20 0a 66 6f 72 20 20 74 | 68 6f 73 65 20 20 75 6e | .for t|hose un|
|00002e50| 66 61 6d 69 6c 69 61 72 | 20 20 77 69 74 68 20 20 |familiar| with |
|00002e60| 4d 6f 74 6f 72 6f 6c 61 | 20 61 73 73 65 6d 62 6c |Motorola| assembl|
|00002e70| 65 72 20 20 20 73 79 6e | 74 61 78 20 20 61 6e 64 |er syn|tax and|
|00002e80| 20 20 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 | 2e 20 20 20 54 68 6f 73 | format|. Thos|
|00002e90| 65 20 20 65 78 70 65 72 | 69 65 6e 63 65 64 20 20 |e exper|ienced |
|00002ea0| 77 69 74 68 20 20 4d 6f | 74 6f 72 6f 6c 61 20 0a |with Mo|torola .|
|00002eb0| 61 73 73 65 6d 62 6c 65 | 72 20 20 70 72 6f 64 75 |assemble|r produ|
|00002ec0| 63 74 73 20 20 6d 61 79 | 20 20 77 69 73 68 20 20 |cts may| wish |
|00002ed0| 74 6f 20 20 65 78 61 6d | 69 6e 65 20 20 74 68 65 |to exam|ine the|
|00002ee0| 20 20 66 69 6c 65 20 20 | 41 53 53 45 4d 42 4c 45 | file |ASSEMBLE|
|00002ef0| 52 2e 44 4f 43 20 61 76 | 61 69 6c 61 62 6c 65 20 |R.DOC av|ailable |
|00002f00| 20 77 69 74 68 20 20 74 | 68 65 20 20 63 72 6f 73 | with t|he cros|
|00002f10| 73 20 20 0a 61 73 73 65 | 6d 62 6c 65 72 73 2e 0a |s .asse|mblers..|
|00002f20| 41 73 73 65 6d 62 6c 65 | 72 73 20 61 72 65 20 70 |Assemble|rs are p|
|00002f30| 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 73 20 | 74 68 61 74 20 70 72 6f |rograms |that pro|
|00002f40| 63 65 73 73 20 61 73 73 | 65 6d 62 6c 79 20 6c 61 |cess ass|embly la|
|00002f50| 6e 67 75 61 67 65 20 73 | 6f 75 72 63 65 20 70 72 |nguage s|ource pr|
|00002f60| 6f 67 72 61 6d 20 73 74 | 61 74 65 6d 65 6e 74 73 |ogram st|atements|
|00002f70| 20 61 6e 64 20 0a 74 72 | 61 6e 73 6c 61 74 65 20 | and .tr|anslate |
|00002f80| 74 68 65 6d 20 69 6e 74 | 6f 20 65 78 65 63 75 74 |them int|o execut|
|00002f90| 61 62 6c 65 20 6d 61 63 | 68 69 6e 65 20 6c 61 6e |able mac|hine lan|
|00002fa0| 67 75 61 67 65 20 6f 62 | 6a 65 63 74 20 66 69 6c |guage ob|ject fil|
|00002fb0| 65 73 2e 20 41 20 70 72 | 6f 67 72 61 6d 6d 65 72 |es. A pr|ogrammer|
|00002fc0| 20 77 72 69 74 65 73 20 | 68 69 73 20 73 6f 75 72 | writes |his sour|
|00002fd0| 63 65 20 70 72 6f 67 72 | 61 6d 20 0a 75 73 69 6e |ce progr|am .usin|
|00002fe0| 67 20 61 6e 79 20 74 65 | 78 74 20 65 64 69 74 6f |g any te|xt edito|
|00002ff0| 72 20 6f 72 20 77 6f 72 | 64 20 70 72 6f 63 65 73 |r or wor|d proces|
|00003000| 73 6f 72 20 74 68 61 74 | 20 63 61 6e 20 70 72 6f |sor that| can pro|
|00003010| 64 75 63 65 20 61 6e 20 | 41 53 43 49 49 20 74 65 |duce an |ASCII te|
|00003020| 78 74 20 6f 75 74 70 75 | 74 2e 20 57 69 74 68 20 |xt outpu|t. With |
|00003030| 20 73 6f 6d 65 20 77 6f | 72 64 20 20 70 72 6f 63 | some wo|rd proc|
|00003040| 65 73 73 6f 72 73 20 20 | 0a 74 68 69 73 20 69 73 |essors |.this is|
|00003050| 20 6b 6e 6f 77 6e 20 61 | 73 20 22 6e 6f 6e 20 64 | known a|s "non d|
|00003060| 6f 63 75 6d 65 6e 74 22 | 20 6d 6f 64 65 2e 20 20 |ocument"| mode. |
|00003070| 4e 6f 6e 20 64 6f 63 75 | 6d 65 6e 74 20 6d 6f 64 |Non docu|ment mod|
|00003080| 65 20 70 72 6f 64 75 63 | 65 73 20 61 20 20 66 69 |e produc|es a fi|
|00003090| 6c 65 20 20 77 69 74 68 | 6f 75 74 20 20 74 68 65 |le with|out the|
|000030a0| 20 20 6e 6f 6e 2d 70 72 | 69 6e 74 61 62 6c 65 20 | non-pr|intable |
|000030b0| 20 0a 65 6d 62 65 64 64 | 65 64 20 20 63 6f 6e 74 | .embedd|ed cont|
|000030c0| 72 6f 6c 20 63 68 61 72 | 61 63 74 65 72 73 20 74 |rol char|acters t|
|000030d0| 68 61 74 20 61 72 65 20 | 75 73 65 64 20 69 6e 20 |hat are |used in |
|000030e0| 64 6f 63 75 6d 65 6e 74 | 20 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 74 |document| formatt|
|000030f0| 69 6e 67 2e 20 20 28 43 | 61 75 74 69 6f 6e 3a 20 |ing. (C|aution: |
|00003100| 61 73 73 65 6d 62 6c 69 | 6e 67 20 61 20 66 69 6c |assembli|ng a fil|
|00003110| 65 20 74 68 61 74 20 68 | 61 73 20 0a 62 65 65 6e |e that h|as .been|
|00003120| 20 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 74 | 65 64 20 77 69 74 68 20 | formatt|ed with |
|00003130| 65 6d 62 65 64 64 65 64 | 20 63 6f 6e 74 72 6f 6c |embedded| control|
|00003140| 20 20 63 68 61 72 61 63 | 74 65 72 73 20 20 6d 61 | charac|ters ma|
|00003150| 79 20 70 72 6f 64 75 63 | 65 20 61 73 73 65 6d 62 |y produc|e assemb|
|00003160| 6c 65 72 20 65 72 72 6f | 72 73 2e 20 20 54 68 65 |ler erro|rs. The|
|00003170| 20 73 6f 6c 75 74 69 6f | 6e 20 69 73 20 74 6f 20 | solutio|n is to |
|00003180| 0a 63 6f 6e 76 65 72 74 | 20 74 68 65 20 73 6f 75 |.convert| the sou|
|00003190| 72 63 65 20 66 69 6c 65 | 20 74 6f 20 41 53 43 49 |rce file| to ASCI|
|000031a0| 49 20 74 65 78 74 2e 29 | 20 4f 6e 63 65 20 74 68 |I text.)| Once th|
|000031b0| 65 20 73 6f 75 72 63 65 | 20 63 6f 64 65 20 69 73 |e source| code is|
|000031c0| 20 77 72 69 74 74 65 6e | 2c 20 74 68 65 20 73 6f | written|, the so|
|000031d0| 75 72 63 65 20 20 66 69 | 6c 65 20 20 69 73 20 61 |urce fi|le is a|
|000031e0| 73 73 65 6d 62 6c 65 64 | 20 62 79 20 0a 70 72 6f |ssembled| by .pro|
|000031f0| 63 65 73 73 69 6e 67 20 | 74 68 65 20 66 69 6c 65 |cessing |the file|
|00003200| 20 76 69 61 20 74 68 65 | 20 61 73 73 65 6d 62 6c | via the| assembl|
|00003210| 65 72 2e 0a 43 72 6f 73 | 73 20 20 61 73 73 65 6d |er..Cros|s assem|
|00003220| 62 6c 65 72 73 20 20 28 | 73 75 63 68 20 20 61 73 |blers (|such as|
|00003230| 20 20 74 68 65 20 4d 6f | 74 6f 72 6f 6c 61 20 46 | the Mo|torola F|
|00003240| 72 65 65 77 61 72 65 20 | 41 73 73 65 6d 62 6c 65 |reeware |Assemble|
|00003250| 72 73 29 20 61 6c 6c 6f | 77 20 73 6f 75 72 63 65 |rs) allo|w source|
|00003260| 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d | 73 20 77 72 69 74 74 65 | program|s writte|
|00003270| 6e 20 0a 61 6e 64 20 65 | 64 69 74 65 64 20 6f 6e |n .and e|dited on|
|00003280| 20 20 6f 6e 65 20 20 63 | 6f 6d 70 75 74 65 72 20 | one c|omputer |
|00003290| 20 28 74 68 65 20 20 68 | 6f 73 74 29 20 20 74 6f | (the h|ost) to|
|000032a0| 20 67 65 6e 65 72 61 74 | 65 20 20 65 78 65 63 75 | generat|e execu|
|000032b0| 74 61 62 6c 65 20 20 63 | 6f 64 65 20 20 66 6f 72 |table c|ode for|
|000032c0| 20 20 61 6e 6f 74 68 65 | 72 20 20 63 6f 6d 70 75 | anothe|r compu|
|000032d0| 74 65 72 20 28 74 68 65 | 20 74 61 72 67 65 74 29 |ter (the| target)|
|000032e0| 2e 20 20 0a 54 68 65 20 | 65 78 65 63 75 74 61 62 |. .The |executab|
|000032f0| 6c 65 20 6f 62 6a 65 63 | 74 20 66 69 6c 65 20 63 |le objec|t file c|
|00003300| 61 6e 20 74 68 65 6e 20 | 62 65 20 64 6f 77 6e 6c |an then |be downl|
|00003310| 6f 61 64 65 64 20 61 6e | 64 20 72 75 6e 20 6f 6e |oaded an|d run on|
|00003320| 20 20 74 68 65 20 20 74 | 61 72 67 65 74 20 73 79 | the t|arget sy|
|00003330| 73 74 65 6d 2e 20 20 20 | 49 6e 20 20 74 68 69 73 |stem. |In this|
|00003340| 20 20 63 61 73 65 20 20 | 74 68 65 20 68 6f 73 74 | case |the host|
|00003350| 20 69 73 20 0a 61 20 52 | 49 53 43 20 4f 53 20 63 | is .a R|ISC OS c|
|00003360| 6f 6d 70 75 74 65 72 20 | 61 6e 64 20 74 68 65 20 |omputer |and the |
|00003370| 74 61 72 67 65 74 20 73 | 79 73 74 65 6d 20 69 73 |target s|ystem is|
|00003380| 20 62 61 73 65 64 20 6f | 6e 20 20 61 20 20 4d 6f | based o|n a Mo|
|00003390| 74 6f 72 6f 6c 61 20 20 | 38 2d 62 69 74 20 20 6d |torola |8-bit m|
|000033a0| 69 63 72 6f 70 72 6f 63 | 65 73 73 6f 72 20 20 28 |icroproc|essor (|
|000033b0| 20 36 38 30 35 2c 20 36 | 38 48 43 30 35 20 20 0a | 6805, 6|8HC05 .|
|000033c0| 6f 72 20 36 38 48 43 31 | 31 29 2e 0a 54 68 65 20 |or 68HC1|1)..The |
|000033d0| 20 61 73 73 65 6d 62 6c | 65 72 73 20 61 72 65 20 | assembl|ers are |
|000033e0| 74 68 65 20 61 70 70 6c | 69 63 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 |the appl|ication |
|000033f0| 64 69 72 65 63 74 6f 72 | 69 65 73 20 21 61 73 6d |director|ies !asm|
|00003400| 31 31 20 6f 72 20 21 61 | 73 6d 30 35 2c 20 64 65 |11 or !a|sm05, de|
|00003410| 70 65 6e 64 69 6e 67 20 | 6f 6e 20 77 68 69 63 68 |pending |on which|
|00003420| 20 20 0a 6d 69 63 72 6f | 70 72 6f 63 65 73 73 6f | .micro|processo|
|00003430| 72 20 20 79 6f 75 20 20 | 61 72 65 20 77 72 69 74 |r you |are writ|
|00003440| 69 6e 67 20 20 63 6f 64 | 65 20 20 66 6f 72 2e 20 |ing cod|e for. |
|00003450| 20 20 54 68 65 20 64 65 | 74 61 69 6c 73 20 6f 66 | The de|tails of|
|00003460| 20 65 78 65 63 75 74 69 | 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 61 | executi|ng the a|
|00003470| 73 73 65 6d 62 6c 65 72 | 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d |ssembler| program|
|00003480| 73 20 61 72 65 20 66 6f | 75 6e 64 20 69 6e 20 0a |s are fo|und in .|
|00003490| 43 68 61 70 74 65 72 20 | 33 2e 20 20 54 68 65 20 |Chapter |3. The |
|000034a0| 61 73 73 65 6d 62 6c 79 | 20 6c 61 6e 67 75 61 67 |assembly| languag|
|000034b0| 65 20 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 | 20 61 6e 64 20 73 79 6e |e format| and syn|
|000034c0| 74 61 78 20 20 66 6f 72 | 20 74 68 65 20 20 76 61 |tax for| the va|
|000034d0| 72 69 6f 75 73 20 70 72 | 6f 63 65 73 73 6f 72 73 |rious pr|ocessors|
|000034e0| 20 69 73 20 76 65 72 79 | 20 73 69 6d 69 6c 61 72 | is very| similar|
|000034f0| 20 77 69 74 68 20 73 6c | 69 67 68 74 20 0a 76 61 | with sl|ight .va|
|00003500| 72 69 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 | 20 64 75 65 20 74 6f 20 |riations| due to |
|00003510| 76 61 72 69 65 64 20 70 | 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 6d 69 |varied p|rogrammi|
|00003520| 6e 67 20 72 65 73 6f 75 | 72 63 65 73 20 20 28 69 |ng resou|rces (i|
|00003530| 6e 73 74 72 75 63 74 69 | 6f 6e 73 2c 20 20 61 64 |nstructi|ons, ad|
|00003540| 64 72 65 73 73 69 6e 67 | 20 20 6d 6f 64 65 73 2c |dressing| modes,|
|00003550| 20 20 61 6e 64 20 72 65 | 67 69 73 74 65 72 73 29 | and re|gisters)|
|00003560| 2e 20 54 68 65 73 65 20 | 0a 76 61 72 69 61 74 69 |. These |.variati|
|00003570| 6f 6e 73 20 61 72 65 20 | 65 78 70 6c 61 69 6e 65 |ons are |explaine|
|00003580| 64 20 69 6e 20 41 70 70 | 65 6e 64 69 78 20 42 2e |d in App|endix B.|
|00003590| 0a 4d 61 6e 79 20 74 68 | 61 6e 6b 73 20 74 6f 20 |.Many th|anks to |
|000035a0| 6d 79 20 6c 6f 76 65 6c | 79 20 77 69 66 65 20 4f |my lovel|y wife O|
|000035b0| 6c 69 76 69 61 20 66 6f | 72 20 6e 6f 74 20 68 69 |livia fo|r not hi|
|000035c0| 74 74 69 6e 67 20 6d 65 | 2c 20 74 68 75 73 20 61 |tting me|, thus a|
|000035d0| 6c 6c 6f 77 69 6e 67 20 | 74 68 69 73 20 70 72 6f |llowing |this pro|
|000035e0| 67 72 61 6d 20 74 6f 20 | 62 65 20 0a 64 69 73 74 |gram to |be .dist|
|000035f0| 72 69 62 75 74 65 64 2e | 2e 2e 20 0a 31 2e 32 20 |ributed.|.. .1.2 |
|00003600| 41 53 53 45 4d 42 4c 59 | 20 4c 41 4e 47 55 41 47 |ASSEMBLY| LANGUAG|
|00003610| 45 0a 54 68 65 20 73 79 | 6d 62 6f 6c 69 63 20 6c |E.The sy|mbolic l|
|00003620| 61 6e 67 75 61 67 65 20 | 75 73 65 64 20 74 6f 20 |anguage |used to |
|00003630| 63 6f 64 65 20 73 6f 75 | 72 63 65 20 70 72 6f 67 |code sou|rce prog|
|00003640| 72 61 6d 73 20 74 6f 20 | 62 65 20 70 72 6f 63 65 |rams to |be proce|
|00003650| 73 73 65 64 20 62 79 20 | 74 68 65 20 20 41 73 73 |ssed by |the Ass|
|00003660| 65 6d 62 6c 65 72 20 20 | 69 73 20 20 0a 63 61 6c |embler |is .cal|
|00003670| 6c 65 64 20 20 61 73 73 | 65 6d 62 6c 79 20 20 6c |led ass|embly l|
|00003680| 61 6e 67 75 61 67 65 2e | 20 20 54 68 65 20 20 6c |anguage.| The l|
|00003690| 61 6e 67 75 61 67 65 20 | 20 69 73 20 20 61 20 63 |anguage | is a c|
|000036a0| 6f 6c 6c 65 63 74 69 6f | 6e 20 20 20 6f 66 20 20 |ollectio|n of |
|000036b0| 6d 6e 65 6d 6f 6e 69 63 | 20 20 73 79 6d 62 6f 6c |mnemonic| symbol|
|000036c0| 73 20 20 72 65 70 72 65 | 73 65 6e 74 69 6e 67 3a |s repre|senting:|
|000036d0| 20 20 0a 6f 70 65 72 61 | 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 20 28 | .opera|tions (|
|000036e0| 69 2e 65 2e 2c 20 6d 61 | 63 68 69 6e 65 20 20 69 |i.e., ma|chine i|
|000036f0| 6e 73 74 72 75 63 74 69 | 6f 6e 20 20 6d 6e 65 6d |nstructi|on mnem|
|00003700| 6f 6e 69 63 73 20 20 6f | 72 20 20 64 69 72 65 63 |onics o|r direc|
|00003710| 74 69 76 65 73 20 20 74 | 6f 20 20 74 68 65 20 20 |tives t|o the |
|00003720| 61 73 73 65 6d 62 6c 65 | 72 29 2c 20 73 79 6d 62 |assemble|r), symb|
|00003730| 6f 6c 69 63 20 6e 61 6d | 65 73 2c 20 0a 6f 70 65 |olic nam|es, .ope|
|00003740| 72 61 74 6f 72 73 2c 20 | 61 6e 64 20 73 70 65 63 |rators, |and spec|
|00003750| 69 61 6c 20 73 79 6d 62 | 6f 6c 73 2e 20 54 68 65 |ial symb|ols. The|
|00003760| 20 61 73 73 65 6d 62 6c | 79 20 6c 61 6e 67 75 61 | assembl|y langua|
|00003770| 67 65 20 70 72 6f 76 69 | 64 65 73 20 6d 6e 65 6d |ge provi|des mnem|
|00003780| 6f 6e 69 63 20 6f 70 65 | 72 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 63 |onic ope|ration c|
|00003790| 6f 64 65 73 20 66 6f 72 | 20 61 6c 6c 20 6d 61 63 |odes for| all mac|
|000037a0| 68 69 6e 65 20 0a 69 6e | 73 74 72 75 63 74 69 6f |hine .in|structio|
|000037b0| 6e 73 20 69 6e 20 74 68 | 65 20 69 6e 73 74 72 75 |ns in th|e instru|
|000037c0| 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 20 73 | 65 74 2e 20 20 54 68 65 |ction s|et. The|
|000037d0| 20 20 69 6e 73 74 72 75 | 63 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 61 | instru|ctions a|
|000037e0| 72 65 20 64 65 66 69 6e | 65 64 20 61 6e 64 20 65 |re defin|ed and e|
|000037f0| 78 70 6c 61 69 6e 65 64 | 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 |xplained| in the |
|00003800| 50 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 6d | 69 6e 67 20 0a 52 65 66 |Programm|ing .Ref|
|00003810| 65 72 65 6e 63 65 20 4d | 61 6e 75 61 6c 73 20 66 |erence M|anuals f|
|00003820| 6f 72 20 20 74 68 65 20 | 20 73 70 65 63 69 66 69 |or the | specifi|
|00003830| 63 20 20 64 65 76 69 63 | 65 73 2c 20 20 61 76 61 |c devic|es, ava|
|00003840| 69 6c 61 62 6c 65 20 66 | 72 6f 6d 20 4d 6f 74 6f |ilable f|rom Moto|
|00003850| 72 6f 6c 61 2e 20 54 68 | 65 20 61 73 73 65 6d 62 |rola. Th|e assemb|
|00003860| 6c 79 20 6c 61 6e 67 75 | 61 67 65 20 61 6c 73 6f |ly langu|age also|
|00003870| 20 0a 63 6f 6e 74 61 69 | 6e 73 20 6d 6e 65 6d 6f | .contai|ns mnemo|
|00003880| 6e 69 63 20 64 69 72 65 | 63 74 69 76 65 73 20 77 |nic dire|ctives w|
|00003890| 68 69 63 68 20 20 73 70 | 65 63 69 66 79 20 20 61 |hich sp|ecify a|
|000038a0| 75 78 69 6c 69 61 72 79 | 20 20 61 63 74 69 6f 6e |uxiliary| action|
|000038b0| 73 20 20 74 6f 20 62 65 | 20 70 65 72 66 6f 72 6d |s to be| perform|
|000038c0| 65 64 20 62 79 20 74 68 | 65 20 41 73 73 65 6d 62 |ed by th|e Assemb|
|000038d0| 6c 65 72 2e 20 54 68 65 | 73 65 20 0a 64 69 72 65 |ler. The|se .dire|
|000038e0| 63 74 69 76 65 73 20 61 | 72 65 20 6e 6f 74 20 61 |ctives a|re not a|
|000038f0| 6c 77 61 79 73 20 74 72 | 61 6e 73 6c 61 74 65 64 |lways tr|anslated|
|00003900| 20 69 6e 74 6f 20 6d 61 | 63 68 69 6e 65 20 6c 61 | into ma|chine la|
|00003910| 6e 67 75 61 67 65 2e 0a | 31 2e 33 20 4f 50 45 52 |nguage..|1.3 OPER|
|00003920| 41 54 49 4e 47 20 45 4e | 56 49 52 4f 4e 4d 45 4e |ATING EN|VIRONMEN|
|00003930| 54 0a 54 68 65 73 65 20 | 61 73 73 65 6d 62 6c 65 |T.These |assemble|
|00003940| 72 73 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 | 72 75 6e 20 6f 6e 20 20 |rs will |run on |
|00003950| 61 6e 79 20 20 52 49 53 | 43 20 4f 53 20 32 20 6f |any RIS|C OS 2 o|
|00003960| 72 20 20 52 49 53 43 20 | 4f 53 20 33 20 41 63 6f |r RISC |OS 3 Aco|
|00003970| 72 6e 20 41 52 4d 20 43 | 6f 6d 70 75 74 65 72 73 |rn ARM C|omputers|
|00003980| 2e 20 20 20 54 68 65 20 | 0a 61 73 73 65 6d 62 6c |. The |.assembl|
|00003990| 65 72 73 20 6d 61 79 20 | 62 65 20 72 75 6e 20 6f |ers may |be run o|
|000039a0| 66 66 20 6f 66 20 61 20 | 66 6c 6f 70 70 79 20 64 |ff of a |floppy d|
|000039b0| 69 73 6b 20 64 72 69 76 | 65 20 6f 72 20 74 68 65 |isk driv|e or the|
|000039c0| 79 20 6d 61 79 20 62 65 | 20 63 6f 70 69 65 64 20 |y may be| copied |
|000039d0| 6f 6e 74 6f 20 61 20 68 | 61 72 64 20 64 72 69 76 |onto a h|ard driv|
|000039e0| 65 20 66 6f 72 20 65 78 | 65 63 75 74 69 6f 6e 2e |e for ex|ecution.|
|000039f0| 20 20 0a 44 44 45 55 74 | 69 6c 73 2c 20 46 72 6f | .DDEUt|ils, Fro|
|00003a00| 6e 74 45 6e 64 20 61 6e | 64 20 61 20 54 68 72 6f |ntEnd an|d a Thro|
|00003a10| 77 42 61 63 6b 20 63 6f | 6d 70 6c 69 61 6e 74 20 |wBack co|mpliant |
|00003a20| 65 64 69 74 6f 72 20 61 | 72 65 20 72 65 71 75 69 |editor a|re requi|
|00003a30| 72 65 64 20 66 6f 72 20 | 72 75 6e 6e 69 6e 67 20 |red for |running |
|00003a40| 69 74 20 62 75 74 20 66 | 72 6f 6d 20 63 6f 6d 6d |it but f|rom comm|
|00003a50| 61 6e 64 20 6c 69 6e 65 | 2e 0a 31 2e 34 20 41 53 |and line|..1.4 AS|
|00003a60| 53 45 4d 42 4c 45 52 20 | 50 52 4f 43 45 53 53 49 |SEMBLER |PROCESSI|
|00003a70| 4e 47 0a 54 68 65 20 41 | 73 73 65 6d 62 6c 65 72 |NG.The A|ssembler|
|00003a80| 20 69 73 20 61 20 74 77 | 6f 2d 70 61 73 73 20 61 | is a tw|o-pass a|
|00003a90| 73 73 65 6d 62 6c 65 72 | 2e 20 44 75 72 69 6e 67 |ssembler|. During|
|00003aa0| 20 74 68 65 20 66 69 72 | 73 74 20 70 61 73 73 2c | the fir|st pass,|
|00003ab0| 20 74 68 65 20 73 6f 75 | 72 63 65 20 70 72 6f 67 | the sou|rce prog|
|00003ac0| 72 61 6d 20 69 73 20 72 | 65 61 64 20 74 6f 20 0a |ram is r|ead to .|
|00003ad0| 64 65 76 65 6c 6f 70 20 | 74 68 65 20 73 79 6d 62 |develop |the symb|
|00003ae0| 6f 6c 20 20 74 61 62 6c | 65 2e 20 20 44 75 72 69 |ol tabl|e. Duri|
|00003af0| 6e 67 20 20 74 68 65 20 | 73 65 63 6f 6e 64 20 70 |ng the |second p|
|00003b00| 61 73 73 2c 20 74 68 65 | 20 6f 62 6a 65 63 74 20 |ass, the| object |
|00003b10| 66 69 6c 65 20 69 73 20 | 63 72 65 61 74 65 64 20 |file is |created |
|00003b20| 28 61 73 73 65 6d 62 6c | 65 64 29 20 77 69 74 68 |(assembl|ed) with|
|00003b30| 20 72 65 66 65 72 65 6e | 63 65 20 74 6f 20 0a 74 | referen|ce to .t|
|00003b40| 68 65 20 74 61 62 6c 65 | 20 64 65 76 65 6c 6f 70 |he table| develop|
|00003b50| 65 64 20 69 6e 20 70 61 | 73 73 20 6f 6e 65 2e 20 |ed in pa|ss one. |
|00003b60| 49 74 20 69 73 20 64 75 | 72 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 |It is du|ring the|
|00003b70| 20 20 73 65 63 6f 6e 64 | 20 20 70 61 73 73 20 20 | second| pass |
|00003b80| 74 68 61 74 20 74 68 65 | 20 73 6f 75 72 63 65 20 |that the| source |
|00003b90| 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 20 | 6c 69 73 74 69 6e 67 20 |program |listing |
|00003ba0| 69 73 20 61 6c 73 6f 20 | 0a 70 72 6f 64 75 63 65 |is also |.produce|
|00003bb0| 64 2e 0a 45 61 63 68 20 | 20 73 6f 75 72 63 65 20 |d..Each | source |
|00003bc0| 73 74 61 74 65 6d 65 6e | 74 20 69 73 20 70 72 6f |statemen|t is pro|
|00003bd0| 63 65 73 73 65 64 20 63 | 6f 6d 70 6c 65 74 65 6c |cessed c|ompletel|
|00003be0| 79 20 62 65 66 6f 72 65 | 20 74 68 65 20 6e 65 78 |y before| the nex|
|00003bf0| 74 20 73 6f 75 72 63 65 | 20 73 74 61 74 65 6d 65 |t source| stateme|
|00003c00| 6e 74 20 69 73 20 72 65 | 61 64 2e 20 41 73 20 65 |nt is re|ad. As e|
|00003c10| 61 63 68 20 20 0a 73 74 | 61 74 65 6d 65 6e 74 20 |ach .st|atement |
|00003c20| 20 69 73 20 20 70 72 6f | 63 65 73 73 65 64 2c 20 | is pro|cessed, |
|00003c30| 20 74 68 65 20 20 41 73 | 73 65 6d 62 6c 65 72 20 | the As|sembler |
|00003c40| 65 78 61 6d 69 6e 65 73 | 20 74 68 65 20 6c 61 62 |examines| the lab|
|00003c50| 65 6c 2c 20 6f 70 65 72 | 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 63 6f |el, oper|ation co|
|00003c60| 64 65 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 | 6f 70 65 72 61 6e 64 20 |de, and |operand |
|00003c70| 66 69 65 6c 64 73 2e 20 | 54 68 65 20 0a 6f 70 65 |fields. |The .ope|
|00003c80| 72 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 63 | 6f 64 65 20 74 61 62 6c |ration c|ode tabl|
|00003c90| 65 20 69 73 20 73 63 61 | 6e 6e 65 64 20 66 6f 72 |e is sca|nned for|
|00003ca0| 20 61 20 6d 61 74 63 68 | 20 77 69 74 68 20 61 20 | a match| with a |
|00003cb0| 6b 6e 6f 77 6e 20 20 6f | 70 63 6f 64 65 2e 20 20 |known o|pcode. |
|00003cc0| 20 44 75 72 69 6e 67 20 | 20 74 68 65 20 70 72 6f | During | the pro|
|00003cd0| 63 65 73 73 69 6e 67 20 | 20 6f 66 20 20 61 20 20 |cessing | of a |
|00003ce0| 73 74 61 6e 64 61 72 64 | 20 20 0a 6f 70 65 72 61 |standard| .opera|
|00003cf0| 74 69 6f 6e 20 20 63 6f | 64 65 20 20 6d 6e 65 6d |tion co|de mnem|
|00003d00| 6f 6e 69 63 2c 20 20 74 | 68 65 20 73 74 61 6e 64 |onic, t|he stand|
|00003d10| 61 72 64 20 6d 61 63 68 | 69 6e 65 20 63 6f 64 65 |ard mach|ine code|
|00003d20| 20 69 73 20 69 6e 73 65 | 72 74 65 64 20 20 69 6e | is inse|rted in|
|00003d30| 74 6f 20 20 74 68 65 20 | 20 6f 62 6a 65 63 74 20 |to the | object |
|00003d40| 20 66 69 6c 65 2e 20 20 | 49 66 20 20 61 6e 20 20 | file. |If an |
|00003d50| 41 73 73 65 6d 62 6c 65 | 72 20 0a 64 69 72 65 63 |Assemble|r .direc|
|00003d60| 74 69 76 65 20 69 73 20 | 62 65 69 6e 67 20 70 72 |tive is |being pr|
|00003d70| 6f 63 65 73 73 65 64 2c | 20 74 68 65 20 70 72 6f |ocessed,| the pro|
|00003d80| 70 65 72 20 61 63 74 69 | 6f 6e 20 69 73 20 74 61 |per acti|on is ta|
|00003d90| 6b 65 6e 2e 0a 41 6e 79 | 20 20 65 72 72 6f 72 73 |ken..Any| errors|
|00003da0| 20 20 74 68 61 74 20 20 | 61 72 65 20 64 65 74 65 | that |are dete|
|00003db0| 63 74 65 64 20 62 79 20 | 74 68 65 20 41 73 73 65 |cted by |the Asse|
|00003dc0| 6d 62 6c 65 72 20 61 72 | 65 20 64 69 73 70 6c 61 |mbler ar|e displa|
|00003dd0| 79 65 64 20 62 65 66 6f | 72 65 20 74 68 65 20 61 |yed befo|re the a|
|00003de0| 63 74 75 61 6c 20 6c 69 | 6e 65 20 63 6f 6e 74 61 |ctual li|ne conta|
|00003df0| 69 6e 69 6e 67 20 0a 74 | 68 65 20 65 72 72 6f 72 |ining .t|he error|
|00003e00| 20 69 73 20 70 72 69 6e | 74 65 64 2e 20 49 66 20 | is prin|ted. If |
|00003e10| 6e 6f 20 73 6f 75 72 63 | 65 20 6c 69 73 74 69 6e |no sourc|e listin|
|00003e20| 67 20 69 73 20 20 62 65 | 69 6e 67 20 20 70 72 6f |g is be|ing pro|
|00003e30| 64 75 63 65 64 2c 20 20 | 65 72 72 6f 72 20 20 6d |duced, |error m|
|00003e40| 65 73 73 61 67 65 73 20 | 61 72 65 20 73 74 69 6c |essages |are stil|
|00003e50| 6c 20 64 69 73 70 6c 61 | 79 65 64 20 74 6f 20 69 |l displa|yed to i|
|00003e60| 6e 64 69 63 61 74 65 20 | 0a 74 68 61 74 20 74 68 |ndicate |.that th|
|00003e70| 65 20 61 73 73 65 6d 62 | 6c 79 20 70 72 6f 63 65 |e assemb|ly proce|
|00003e80| 73 73 20 64 69 64 20 6e | 6f 74 20 70 72 6f 63 65 |ss did n|ot proce|
|00003e90| 65 64 20 6e 6f 72 6d 61 | 6c 6c 79 2e 0a 31 2e 35 |ed norma|lly..1.5|
|00003ea0| 20 44 49 53 54 52 49 42 | 55 54 49 4f 4e 20 44 49 | DISTRIB|UTION DI|
|00003eb0| 53 4b 0a 54 68 65 20 64 | 69 73 6b 20 63 6f 6e 74 |SK.The d|isk cont|
|00003ec0| 61 69 6e 73 3a 20 28 74 | 68 65 20 61 70 70 65 6e |ains: (t|he appen|
|00003ed0| 64 65 64 20 2f 20 6d 65 | 61 6e 73 20 69 74 27 73 |ded / me|ans it's|
|00003ee0| 20 61 20 64 69 72 65 63 | 74 6f 72 79 2c 20 65 6c | a direc|tory, el|
|00003ef0| 73 65 20 69 74 27 73 20 | 61 20 44 4f 53 20 27 2e |se it's |a DOS '.|
|00003f00| 27 29 0a 21 61 73 6d 31 | 31 2f 0a 21 61 73 6d 30 |').!asm1|1/.!asm0|
|00003f10| 35 2f 0a 21 41 73 52 65 | 66 0a 63 72 65 64 69 74 |5/.!AsRe|f.credit|
|00003f20| 73 0a 52 65 61 64 4d 65 | 0a 45 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 |s.ReadMe|.Example|
|00003f30| 73 2f 0a 4d 43 58 31 35 | 2f 0a 61 73 31 31 2f 0a |s/.MCX15|/.as11/.|
|00003f40| 63 6c 6b 64 72 69 76 72 | 2c 20 6d 63 78 2c 20 73 |clkdrivr|, mcx, s|
|00003f50| 79 73 74 65 6d 2c 20 74 | 65 73 74 2c 20 76 65 63 |ystem, t|est, vec|
|00003f60| 74 6f 72 73 20 0a 61 73 | 30 35 2f 0a 64 69 76 69 |tors .as|05/.divi|
|00003f70| 64 65 0a 6c 2f 20 0a 6d | 2f 0a 78 2f 20 0a 53 31 |de.l/ .m|/.x/ .S1|
|00003f80| 39 2f 0a 6d 63 78 5f 72 | 65 66 0a 44 4f 53 0a 61 |9/.mcx_r|ef.DOS.a|
|00003f90| 73 31 31 2f 65 78 65 2c | 20 61 73 35 2f 65 78 65 |s11/exe,| as5/exe|
|00003fa0| 2c 20 61 73 73 65 6d 62 | 6c 65 2c 20 61 73 65 6d |, assemb|le, asem|
|00003fb0| 62 6c 65 72 2f 64 6f 63 | 2c 20 72 65 61 64 6d 65 |bler/doc|, readme|
|00003fc0| 2f 74 78 74 0a 0a 43 48 | 41 50 54 45 52 20 32 20 |/txt..CH|APTER 2 |
|00003fd0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | |
|00003fe0| 20 20 20 0a 43 4f 44 49 | 4e 47 20 41 53 53 45 4d | .CODI|NG ASSEM|
|00003ff0| 42 4c 59 20 4c 41 4e 47 | 55 41 47 45 20 50 52 4f |BLY LANG|UAGE PRO|
|00004000| 47 52 41 4d 53 0a 32 2e | 31 20 49 4e 54 52 4f 44 |GRAMS.2.|1 INTROD|
|00004010| 55 43 54 49 4f 4e 0a 50 | 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 73 20 |UCTION.P|rograms |
|00004020| 77 72 69 74 74 65 6e 20 | 69 6e 20 61 73 73 65 6d |written |in assem|
|00004030| 62 6c 79 20 6c 61 6e 67 | 75 61 67 65 20 63 6f 6e |bly lang|uage con|
|00004040| 73 69 73 74 20 6f 66 20 | 61 20 73 65 71 75 65 6e |sist of |a sequen|
|00004050| 63 65 20 6f 66 20 73 6f | 75 72 63 65 20 73 74 61 |ce of so|urce sta|
|00004060| 74 65 6d 65 6e 74 73 2e | 20 20 45 61 63 68 20 20 |tements.| Each |
|00004070| 73 6f 75 72 63 65 20 20 | 0a 73 74 61 74 65 6d 65 |source |.stateme|
|00004080| 6e 74 20 20 63 6f 6e 73 | 69 73 74 73 20 6f 66 20 |nt cons|ists of |
|00004090| 61 20 73 65 71 75 65 6e | 63 65 20 6f 66 20 41 53 |a sequen|ce of AS|
|000040a0| 43 49 49 20 63 68 61 72 | 61 63 74 65 72 73 20 65 |CII char|acters e|
|000040b0| 6e 64 69 6e 67 20 77 69 | 74 68 20 61 20 63 61 72 |nding wi|th a car|
|000040c0| 72 69 61 67 65 20 72 65 | 74 75 72 6e 2e 20 20 41 |riage re|turn. A|
|000040d0| 70 70 65 6e 64 69 78 20 | 41 20 63 6f 6e 74 61 69 |ppendix |A contai|
|000040e0| 6e 73 20 61 20 0a 6c 69 | 73 74 20 6f 66 20 74 68 |ns a .li|st of th|
|000040f0| 65 20 73 75 70 70 6f 72 | 74 65 64 20 63 68 61 72 |e suppor|ted char|
|00004100| 61 63 74 65 72 20 73 65 | 74 2e 0a 32 2e 32 20 53 |acter se|t..2.2 S|
|00004110| 4f 55 52 43 45 20 20 53 | 54 41 54 45 4d 45 4e 54 |OURCE S|TATEMENT|
|00004120| 20 46 4f 52 4d 41 54 0a | 45 61 63 68 20 20 73 6f | FORMAT.|Each so|
|00004130| 75 72 63 65 20 73 74 61 | 74 65 6d 65 6e 74 20 6d |urce sta|tement m|
|00004140| 61 79 20 69 6e 63 6c 75 | 64 65 20 75 70 20 74 6f |ay inclu|de up to|
|00004150| 20 66 6f 75 72 20 66 69 | 65 6c 64 73 3a 20 61 20 | four fi|elds: a |
|00004160| 6c 61 62 65 6c 20 28 6f | 72 20 22 2a 22 20 66 6f |label (o|r "*" fo|
|00004170| 72 20 61 20 63 6f 6d 6d | 65 6e 74 20 6c 69 6e 65 |r a comm|ent line|
|00004180| 29 2c 20 61 6e 20 0a 6f | 70 65 72 61 74 69 6f 6e |), an .o|peration|
|00004190| 20 28 69 6e 73 74 72 75 | 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 6d 6e | (instru|ction mn|
|000041a0| 65 6d 6f 6e 69 63 20 6f | 72 20 61 73 73 65 6d 62 |emonic o|r assemb|
|000041b0| 6c 65 72 20 64 69 72 65 | 63 74 69 76 65 29 2c 20 |ler dire|ctive), |
|000041c0| 61 6e 20 6f 70 65 72 61 | 6e 64 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 |an opera|nd, and |
|000041d0| 61 20 63 6f 6d 6d 65 6e | 74 2e 0a 32 2e 32 2e 31 |a commen|t..2.2.1|
|000041e0| 20 4c 61 62 65 6c 20 46 | 69 65 6c 64 0a 54 68 65 | Label F|ield.The|
|000041f0| 20 20 6c 61 62 65 6c 20 | 66 69 65 6c 64 20 6f 63 | label |field oc|
|00004200| 63 75 72 73 20 61 73 20 | 74 68 65 20 66 69 72 73 |curs as |the firs|
|00004210| 74 20 66 69 65 6c 64 20 | 6f 66 20 61 20 73 6f 75 |t field |of a sou|
|00004220| 72 63 65 20 73 74 61 74 | 65 6d 65 6e 74 2e 20 54 |rce stat|ement. T|
|00004230| 68 65 20 6c 61 62 65 6c | 20 66 69 65 6c 64 20 63 |he label| field c|
|00004240| 61 6e 20 74 61 6b 65 20 | 6f 6e 65 20 6f 66 20 74 |an take |one of t|
|00004250| 68 65 20 0a 66 6f 6c 6c | 6f 77 69 6e 67 20 66 6f |he .foll|owing fo|
|00004260| 72 6d 73 3a 0a 31 2e 20 | 41 6e 20 61 73 74 65 72 |rms:.1. |An aster|
|00004270| 69 73 6b 20 20 28 2a 29 | 20 20 61 73 20 20 74 68 |isk (*)| as th|
|00004280| 65 20 20 66 69 72 73 74 | 20 20 63 68 61 72 61 63 |e first| charac|
|00004290| 74 65 72 20 20 69 6e 20 | 20 74 68 65 20 20 6c 61 |ter in | the la|
|000042a0| 62 65 6c 20 20 66 69 65 | 6c 64 20 69 6e 64 69 63 |bel fie|ld indic|
|000042b0| 61 74 65 73 20 20 74 68 | 61 74 20 20 74 68 65 20 |ates th|at the |
|000042c0| 20 72 65 73 74 20 20 6f | 66 20 20 74 68 65 20 20 | rest o|f the |
|000042d0| 0a 73 6f 75 72 63 65 20 | 20 73 74 61 74 65 6d 65 |.source | stateme|
|000042e0| 6e 74 20 20 69 73 20 61 | 20 63 6f 6d 6d 65 6e 74 |nt is a| comment|
|000042f0| 2e 20 43 6f 6d 6d 65 6e | 74 73 20 61 72 65 20 69 |. Commen|ts are i|
|00004300| 67 6e 6f 72 65 64 20 62 | 79 20 74 68 65 20 41 73 |gnored b|y the As|
|00004310| 73 65 6d 62 6c 65 72 2c | 20 61 6e 64 20 61 72 65 |sembler,| and are|
|00004320| 20 70 72 69 6e 74 65 64 | 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 20 | printed| on the |
|00004330| 20 73 6f 75 72 63 65 20 | 0a 6c 69 73 74 69 6e 67 | source |.listing|
|00004340| 20 6f 6e 6c 79 20 66 6f | 72 20 74 68 65 20 70 72 | only fo|r the pr|
|00004350| 6f 67 72 61 6d 6d 65 72 | 27 73 20 69 6e 66 6f 72 |ogrammer|'s infor|
|00004360| 6d 61 74 69 6f 6e 2e 0a | 32 2e 20 20 41 20 20 77 |mation..|2. A w|
|00004370| 68 69 74 65 20 73 70 61 | 63 65 20 20 63 68 61 72 |hite spa|ce char|
|00004380| 61 63 74 65 72 20 20 28 | 62 6c 61 6e 6b 20 20 6f |acter (|blank o|
|00004390| 72 20 20 74 61 62 29 20 | 61 73 20 74 68 65 20 66 |r tab) |as the f|
|000043a0| 69 72 73 74 20 63 68 61 | 72 61 63 74 65 72 20 69 |irst cha|racter i|
|000043b0| 6e 64 69 63 61 74 65 73 | 20 74 68 61 74 20 74 68 |ndicates| that th|
|000043c0| 65 20 6c 61 62 65 6c 20 | 66 69 65 6c 64 20 69 73 |e label |field is|
|000043d0| 20 0a 65 6d 70 74 79 2e | 20 54 68 65 20 6c 69 6e | .empty.| The lin|
|000043e0| 65 20 68 61 73 20 6e 6f | 20 6c 61 62 65 6c 20 61 |e has no| label a|
|000043f0| 6e 64 20 69 73 20 6e 6f | 74 20 61 20 63 6f 6d 6d |nd is no|t a comm|
|00004400| 65 6e 74 2e 0a 33 2e 20 | 20 41 20 73 79 6d 62 6f |ent..3. | A symbo|
|00004410| 6c 20 63 68 61 72 61 63 | 74 65 72 20 61 73 20 74 |l charac|ter as t|
|00004420| 68 65 20 66 69 72 73 74 | 20 63 68 61 72 61 63 74 |he first| charact|
|00004430| 65 72 20 69 6e 64 69 63 | 61 74 65 73 20 74 68 61 |er indic|ates tha|
|00004440| 74 20 74 68 65 20 6c 69 | 6e 65 20 68 61 73 20 61 |t the li|ne has a|
|00004450| 20 6c 61 62 65 6c 2e 20 | 53 79 6d 62 6f 6c 20 63 | label. |Symbol c|
|00004460| 68 61 72 61 63 74 65 72 | 73 20 0a 61 72 65 20 74 |haracter|s .are t|
|00004470| 68 65 20 75 70 70 65 72 | 20 6f 72 20 6c 6f 77 65 |he upper| or lowe|
|00004480| 72 20 63 61 73 65 20 6c | 65 74 74 65 72 73 20 61 |r case l|etters a|
|00004490| 2d 20 7a 2c 20 20 64 69 | 67 69 74 73 20 20 30 2d |- z, di|gits 0-|
|000044a0| 39 2c 20 20 61 6e 64 20 | 74 68 65 20 73 70 65 63 |9, and |the spec|
|000044b0| 69 61 6c 20 63 68 61 72 | 61 63 74 65 72 73 2c 20 |ial char|acters, |
|000044c0| 70 65 72 69 6f 64 20 28 | 2e 29 2c 20 64 6f 6c 6c |period (|.), doll|
|000044d0| 61 72 20 73 69 67 6e 20 | 28 24 29 2c 20 61 6e 64 |ar sign |($), and|
|000044e0| 20 0a 75 6e 64 65 72 73 | 63 6f 72 65 20 28 5f 29 | .unders|core (_)|
|000044f0| 2e 20 53 79 6d 62 6f 6c | 73 20 63 6f 6e 73 69 73 |. Symbol|s consis|
|00004500| 74 20 6f 66 20 6f 6e 65 | 20 74 6f 20 31 35 20 63 |t of one| to 15 c|
|00004510| 68 61 72 61 63 74 65 72 | 73 2c 20 74 68 65 20 66 |haracter|s, the f|
|00004520| 69 72 73 74 20 20 6f 66 | 20 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 |irst of| which |
|00004530| 20 6d 75 73 74 20 62 65 | 20 61 6c 70 68 61 62 65 | must be| alphabe|
|00004540| 74 69 63 20 6f 72 20 74 | 68 65 20 0a 73 70 65 63 |tic or t|he .spec|
|00004550| 69 61 6c 20 63 68 61 72 | 61 63 74 65 72 73 20 70 |ial char|acters p|
|00004560| 65 72 69 6f 64 20 28 2e | 29 20 6f 72 20 75 6e 64 |eriod (.|) or und|
|00004570| 65 72 73 63 6f 72 65 20 | 28 5f 29 2e 20 20 41 6c |erscore |(_). Al|
|00004580| 6c 20 63 68 61 72 61 63 | 74 65 72 73 20 61 72 65 |l charac|ters are|
|00004590| 20 73 69 67 6e 69 66 69 | 63 61 6e 74 20 61 6e 64 | signifi|cant and|
|000045a0| 20 75 70 70 65 72 20 20 | 61 6e 64 20 6c 6f 77 65 | upper |and lowe|
|000045b0| 72 20 63 61 73 65 20 0a | 6c 65 74 74 65 72 73 20 |r case .|letters |
|000045c0| 61 72 65 20 64 69 73 74 | 69 6e 63 74 2e 0a 41 20 |are dist|inct..A |
|000045d0| 20 73 79 6d 62 6f 6c 20 | 20 6d 61 79 20 20 6f 63 | symbol | may oc|
|000045e0| 63 75 72 20 20 6f 6e 6c | 79 20 6f 6e 63 65 20 69 |cur onl|y once i|
|000045f0| 6e 20 74 68 65 20 6c 61 | 62 65 6c 20 66 69 65 6c |n the la|bel fiel|
|00004600| 64 2e 20 49 66 20 61 20 | 73 79 6d 62 6f 6c 20 64 |d. If a |symbol d|
|00004610| 6f 65 73 20 6f 63 63 75 | 72 20 6d 6f 72 65 20 74 |oes occu|r more t|
|00004620| 68 61 6e 20 6f 6e 63 65 | 20 69 6e 20 61 20 0a 6c |han once| in a .l|
|00004630| 61 62 65 6c 20 66 69 65 | 6c 64 2c 20 74 68 65 6e |abel fie|ld, then|
|00004640| 20 65 61 63 68 20 20 72 | 65 66 65 72 65 6e 63 65 | each r|eference|
|00004650| 20 20 74 6f 20 20 74 68 | 61 74 20 73 79 6d 62 6f | to th|at symbo|
|00004660| 6c 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 62 | 65 20 66 6c 61 67 67 65 |l will b|e flagge|
|00004670| 64 20 77 69 74 68 20 61 | 6e 20 65 72 72 6f 72 2e |d with a|n error.|
|00004680| 0a 57 69 74 68 20 20 74 | 68 65 20 65 78 63 65 70 |.With t|he excep|
|00004690| 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 | 73 6f 6d 65 20 64 69 72 |tion of |some dir|
|000046a0| 65 63 74 69 76 65 73 2c | 20 61 20 6c 61 62 65 6c |ectives,| a label|
|000046b0| 20 69 73 20 61 73 73 69 | 67 6e 65 64 20 74 68 65 | is assi|gned the|
|000046c0| 20 76 61 6c 75 65 20 6f | 66 20 74 68 65 20 70 72 | value o|f the pr|
|000046d0| 6f 67 72 61 6d 20 63 6f | 75 6e 74 65 72 20 6f 66 |ogram co|unter of|
|000046e0| 20 0a 74 68 65 20 66 69 | 72 73 74 20 62 79 74 65 | .the fi|rst byte|
|000046f0| 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 | 69 6e 73 74 72 75 63 74 | of the |instruct|
|00004700| 69 6f 6e 20 20 6f 72 20 | 20 64 61 74 61 20 62 65 |ion or | data be|
|00004710| 69 6e 67 20 20 61 73 73 | 65 6d 62 6c 65 64 2e 20 |ing ass|embled. |
|00004720| 54 68 65 20 76 61 6c 75 | 65 20 61 73 73 69 67 6e |The valu|e assign|
|00004730| 65 64 20 74 6f 20 74 68 | 65 20 6c 61 62 65 6c 20 |ed to th|e label |
|00004740| 69 73 20 61 62 73 6f 6c | 75 74 65 2e 20 4c 61 62 |is absol|ute. Lab|
|00004750| 65 6c 73 20 0a 6d 61 79 | 20 6f 70 74 69 6f 6e 61 |els .may| optiona|
|00004760| 6c 6c 79 20 62 65 20 65 | 6e 64 65 64 20 77 69 74 |lly be e|nded wit|
|00004770| 68 20 61 20 63 6f 6c 6f | 6e 20 28 3a 29 2e 20 20 |h a colo|n (:). |
|00004780| 49 66 20 74 68 65 20 63 | 6f 6c 6f 6e 20 69 73 20 |If the c|olon is |
|00004790| 75 73 65 64 20 69 74 20 | 69 73 20 6e 6f 74 20 20 |used it |is not |
|000047a0| 70 61 72 74 20 20 6f 66 | 20 74 68 65 20 6c 61 62 |part of| the lab|
|000047b0| 65 6c 20 62 75 74 20 6d | 65 72 65 6c 79 20 61 63 |el but m|erely ac|
|000047c0| 74 73 20 74 6f 20 0a 73 | 65 74 20 74 68 65 20 6c |ts to .s|et the l|
|000047d0| 61 62 65 6c 20 6f 66 66 | 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 74 68 |abel off| from th|
|000047e0| 65 20 72 65 73 74 20 6f | 66 20 74 68 65 20 73 6f |e rest o|f the so|
|000047f0| 75 72 63 65 20 6c 69 6e | 65 2e 20 20 20 54 68 75 |urce lin|e. Thu|
|00004800| 73 20 20 74 68 65 20 20 | 66 6f 6c 6c 6f 77 69 6e |s the |followin|
|00004810| 67 20 20 63 6f 64 65 20 | 20 66 72 61 67 6d 65 6e |g code | fragmen|
|00004820| 74 73 20 20 61 72 65 20 | 65 71 75 69 76 61 6c 65 |ts are |equivale|
|00004830| 6e 74 3a 0a 68 65 72 65 | 3a 20 20 20 64 65 63 61 |nt:.here|: deca|
|00004840| 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 62 6e 65 20 20 20 20 |. | bne |
|00004850| 20 68 65 72 65 0a 68 65 | 72 65 20 20 20 20 64 65 | here.he|re de|
|00004860| 63 61 0a 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 62 6e 65 20 20 |ca. | bne |
|00004870| 20 20 20 68 65 72 65 0a | 41 20 20 6c 61 62 65 6c | here.|A label|
|00004880| 20 20 6d 61 79 20 20 61 | 70 70 65 61 72 20 20 6f | may a|ppear o|
|00004890| 6e 20 61 20 6c 69 6e 65 | 20 62 79 20 69 74 73 65 |n a line| by itse|
|000048a0| 6c 66 2e 20 20 54 68 65 | 20 61 73 73 65 6d 62 6c |lf. The| assembl|
|000048b0| 65 72 20 69 6e 74 65 72 | 70 72 65 74 73 20 74 68 |er inter|prets th|
|000048c0| 69 73 20 61 73 20 73 65 | 74 20 74 68 65 20 76 61 |is as se|t the va|
|000048d0| 6c 75 65 20 6f 66 20 74 | 68 65 20 0a 6c 61 62 65 |lue of t|he .labe|
|000048e0| 6c 20 65 71 75 61 6c 20 | 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 63 |l equal |to the c|
|000048f0| 75 72 72 65 6e 74 20 76 | 61 6c 75 65 20 6f 66 20 |urrent v|alue of |
|00004900| 20 74 68 65 20 70 72 6f | 67 72 61 6d 20 63 6f 75 | the pro|gram cou|
|00004910| 6e 74 65 72 2e 0a 54 68 | 65 20 20 73 79 6d 62 6f |nter..Th|e symbo|
|00004920| 6c 20 20 74 61 62 6c 65 | 20 20 68 61 73 20 20 72 |l table| has r|
|00004930| 6f 6f 6d 20 20 66 6f 72 | 20 20 61 74 20 6c 65 61 |oom for| at lea|
|00004940| 73 74 20 32 30 30 30 20 | 73 79 6d 62 6f 6c 73 20 |st 2000 |symbols |
|00004950| 6f 66 20 6c 65 6e 67 74 | 68 20 38 20 63 68 61 72 |of lengt|h 8 char|
|00004960| 61 63 74 65 72 73 20 6f | 72 20 6c 65 73 73 2e 20 |acters o|r less. |
|00004970| 20 0a 41 64 64 69 74 69 | 6f 6e 61 6c 20 63 68 61 | .Additi|onal cha|
|00004980| 72 61 63 74 65 72 73 20 | 75 70 20 74 6f 20 31 35 |racters |up to 15|
|00004990| 20 20 61 72 65 20 20 70 | 65 72 6d 69 73 73 69 62 | are p|ermissib|
|000049a0| 6c 65 20 61 74 20 20 74 | 68 65 20 20 65 78 70 65 |le at t|he expe|
|000049b0| 6e 73 65 20 6f 66 20 64 | 65 63 72 65 61 73 69 6e |nse of d|ecreasin|
|000049c0| 67 20 74 68 65 20 6d 61 | 78 69 6d 75 6d 20 6e 75 |g the ma|ximum nu|
|000049d0| 6d 62 65 72 20 6f 66 20 | 0a 73 79 6d 62 6f 6c 73 |mber of |.symbols|
|000049e0| 20 70 6f 73 73 69 62 6c | 65 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 | possibl|e in the|
|000049f0| 20 74 61 62 6c 65 2e 0a | 32 2e 32 2e 32 20 4f 70 | table..|2.2.2 Op|
|00004a00| 65 72 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 | 46 69 65 6c 64 0a 54 68 |eration |Field.Th|
|00004a10| 65 20 6f 70 65 72 61 74 | 69 6f 6e 20 66 69 65 6c |e operat|ion fiel|
|00004a20| 64 20 20 6f 63 63 75 72 | 73 20 20 61 66 74 65 72 |d occur|s after|
|00004a30| 20 20 74 68 65 20 20 6c | 61 62 65 6c 20 20 66 69 | the l|abel fi|
|00004a40| 65 6c 64 2c 20 20 61 6e | 64 20 20 6d 75 73 74 20 |eld, an|d must |
|00004a50| 20 62 65 20 70 72 65 63 | 65 64 65 64 20 20 62 79 | be prec|eded by|
|00004a60| 20 20 61 74 20 20 6c 65 | 61 73 74 20 6f 6e 65 20 | at le|ast one |
|00004a70| 77 68 69 74 65 20 0a 73 | 70 61 63 65 20 63 68 61 |white .s|pace cha|
|00004a80| 72 61 63 74 65 72 2e 20 | 54 68 65 20 6f 70 65 72 |racter. |The oper|
|00004a90| 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 66 69 | 65 6c 64 20 6d 75 73 74 |ation fi|eld must|
|00004aa0| 20 63 6f 6e 74 61 69 6e | 20 61 20 6c 65 67 61 6c | contain| a legal|
|00004ab0| 20 6f 70 63 6f 64 65 20 | 20 6d 6e 65 6d 6f 6e 69 | opcode | mnemoni|
|00004ac0| 63 20 20 6f 72 20 20 61 | 6e 20 20 61 73 73 65 6d |c or a|n assem|
|00004ad0| 62 6c 65 72 20 20 64 69 | 72 65 63 74 69 76 65 2e |bler di|rective.|
|00004ae0| 20 20 0a 55 70 70 65 72 | 20 20 63 61 73 65 20 20 | .Upper| case |
|00004af0| 63 68 61 72 61 63 74 65 | 72 73 20 20 69 6e 20 20 |characte|rs in |
|00004b00| 74 68 69 73 20 20 66 69 | 65 6c 64 20 20 61 72 65 |this fi|eld are|
|00004b10| 20 63 6f 6e 76 65 72 74 | 65 64 20 74 6f 20 6c 6f | convert|ed to lo|
|00004b20| 77 65 72 20 63 61 73 65 | 20 62 65 66 6f 72 65 20 |wer case| before |
|00004b30| 62 65 69 6e 67 20 63 68 | 65 63 6b 65 64 20 61 73 |being ch|ecked as|
|00004b40| 20 61 20 6c 65 67 61 6c | 20 0a 6d 6e 65 6d 6f 6e | a legal| .mnemon|
|00004b50| 69 63 2e 20 20 54 68 75 | 73 20 20 27 6e 6f 70 27 |ic. Thu|s 'nop'|
|00004b60| 2c 20 20 27 4e 4f 50 27 | 2c 20 20 61 6e 64 20 27 |, 'NOP'|, and '|
|00004b70| 4e 6f 50 27 20 20 61 72 | 65 20 72 65 63 6f 67 6e |NoP' ar|e recogn|
|00004b80| 69 7a 65 64 20 61 73 20 | 74 68 65 20 73 61 6d 65 |ized as |the same|
|00004b90| 20 6d 6e 65 6d 6f 6e 69 | 63 2e 20 45 6e 74 72 69 | mnemoni|c. Entri|
|00004ba0| 65 73 20 69 6e 20 74 68 | 65 20 6f 70 65 72 61 74 |es in th|e operat|
|00004bb0| 69 6f 6e 20 0a 66 69 65 | 6c 64 20 6d 61 79 20 62 |ion .fie|ld may b|
|00004bc0| 65 20 6f 6e 65 20 6f 66 | 20 74 77 6f 20 74 79 70 |e one of| two typ|
|00004bd0| 65 73 3a 0a 4f 70 63 6f | 64 65 2e 20 54 68 65 73 |es:.Opco|de. Thes|
|00004be0| 65 20 63 6f 72 72 65 73 | 70 6f 6e 64 20 64 69 72 |e corres|pond dir|
|00004bf0| 65 63 74 6c 79 20 74 6f | 20 74 68 65 20 20 6d 61 |ectly to| the ma|
|00004c00| 63 68 69 6e 65 20 20 69 | 6e 73 74 72 75 63 74 69 |chine i|nstructi|
|00004c10| 6f 6e 73 2e 20 20 54 68 | 65 20 6f 70 65 72 61 74 |ons. Th|e operat|
|00004c20| 69 6f 6e 20 20 63 6f 64 | 65 20 20 69 6e 63 6c 75 |ion cod|e inclu|
|00004c30| 64 65 73 20 20 0a 61 6e | 79 20 20 72 65 67 69 73 |des .an|y regis|
|00004c40| 74 65 72 20 20 6e 61 6d | 65 20 20 61 73 73 6f 63 |ter nam|e assoc|
|00004c50| 69 61 74 65 64 20 20 77 | 69 74 68 20 20 74 68 65 |iated w|ith the|
|00004c60| 20 69 6e 73 74 72 75 63 | 74 69 6f 6e 2e 20 20 54 | instruc|tion. T|
|00004c70| 68 65 73 65 20 72 65 67 | 69 73 74 65 72 20 6e 61 |hese reg|ister na|
|00004c80| 6d 65 73 20 6d 75 73 74 | 20 6e 6f 74 20 20 62 65 |mes must| not be|
|00004c90| 20 20 73 65 70 61 72 61 | 74 65 64 20 20 66 72 6f | separa|ted fro|
|00004ca0| 6d 20 20 0a 74 68 65 20 | 6f 70 63 6f 64 65 20 20 |m .the |opcode |
|00004cb0| 77 69 74 68 20 20 61 6e | 79 20 20 77 68 69 74 65 |with an|y white|
|00004cc0| 20 73 70 61 63 65 20 20 | 63 68 61 72 61 63 74 65 | space |characte|
|00004cd0| 72 73 2e 20 20 20 54 68 | 75 73 20 20 27 63 6c 72 |rs. Th|us 'clr|
|00004ce0| 61 27 20 6d 65 61 6e 73 | 20 63 6c 65 61 72 20 61 |a' means| clear a|
|00004cf0| 63 63 75 6d 75 6c 61 74 | 6f 72 20 41 2c 20 62 75 |ccumulat|or A, bu|
|00004d00| 74 20 27 63 6c 72 20 61 | 27 20 6d 65 61 6e 73 20 |t 'clr a|' means |
|00004d10| 0a 63 6c 65 61 72 20 6d | 65 6d 6f 72 79 20 6c 6f |.clear m|emory lo|
|00004d20| 63 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 69 | 64 65 6e 74 69 66 69 65 |cation i|dentifie|
|00004d30| 64 20 20 62 79 20 74 68 | 65 20 6c 61 62 65 6c 20 |d by th|e label |
|00004d40| 27 61 27 2e 0a 44 69 72 | 65 63 74 69 76 65 2e 20 |'a'..Dir|ective. |
|00004d50| 20 54 68 65 73 65 20 20 | 61 72 65 20 73 70 65 63 | These |are spec|
|00004d60| 69 61 6c 20 6f 70 65 72 | 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 63 6f |ial oper|ation co|
|00004d70| 64 65 73 20 6b 6e 6f 77 | 6e 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 |des know|n to the|
|00004d80| 20 41 73 73 65 6d 62 6c | 65 72 20 77 68 69 63 68 | Assembl|er which|
|00004d90| 20 63 6f 6e 74 72 6f 6c | 20 74 68 65 20 0a 61 73 | control| the .as|
|00004da0| 73 65 6d 62 6c 79 20 70 | 72 6f 63 65 73 73 20 72 |sembly p|rocess r|
|00004db0| 61 74 68 65 72 20 74 68 | 61 6e 20 62 65 69 6e 67 |ather th|an being|
|00004dc0| 20 74 72 61 6e 73 6c 61 | 74 65 64 20 20 69 6e 74 | transla|ted int|
|00004dd0| 6f 20 6d 61 63 68 69 6e | 65 20 69 6e 73 74 72 75 |o machin|e instru|
|00004de0| 63 74 69 6f 6e 73 2e 0a | 32 2e 32 2e 33 20 4f 70 |ctions..|2.2.3 Op|
|00004df0| 65 72 61 6e 64 20 46 69 | 65 6c 64 0a 54 68 65 20 |erand Fi|eld.The |
|00004e00| 20 6f 70 65 72 61 6e 64 | 20 20 66 69 65 6c 64 27 | operand| field'|
|00004e10| 73 20 20 69 6e 74 65 72 | 70 72 65 74 61 74 69 6f |s inter|pretatio|
|00004e20| 6e 20 69 73 20 64 65 70 | 65 6e 64 65 6e 74 20 6f |n is dep|endent o|
|00004e30| 6e 20 74 68 65 20 63 6f | 6e 74 65 6e 74 73 20 6f |n the co|ntents o|
|00004e40| 66 20 74 68 65 20 6f 70 | 65 72 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 |f the op|eration |
|00004e50| 66 69 65 6c 64 2e 20 54 | 68 65 20 0a 6f 70 65 72 |field. T|he .oper|
|00004e60| 61 6e 64 20 66 69 65 6c | 64 2c 20 69 66 20 72 65 |and fiel|d, if re|
|00004e70| 71 75 69 72 65 64 2c 20 | 6d 75 73 74 20 66 6f 6c |quired, |must fol|
|00004e80| 6c 6f 77 20 20 74 68 65 | 20 6f 70 65 72 61 74 69 |low the| operati|
|00004e90| 6f 6e 20 20 66 69 65 6c | 64 2c 20 20 61 6e 64 20 |on fiel|d, and |
|00004ea0| 20 6d 75 73 74 20 20 62 | 65 20 20 70 72 65 63 65 | must b|e prece|
|00004eb0| 64 65 64 20 62 79 20 61 | 74 20 6c 65 61 73 74 20 |ded by a|t least |
|00004ec0| 6f 6e 65 20 77 68 69 74 | 65 20 0a 73 70 61 63 65 |one whit|e .space|
|00004ed0| 20 63 68 61 72 61 63 74 | 65 72 2e 20 54 68 65 20 | charact|er. The |
|00004ee0| 6f 70 65 72 61 6e 64 20 | 66 69 65 6c 64 20 6d 61 |operand |field ma|
|00004ef0| 79 20 63 6f 6e 74 61 69 | 6e 20 61 20 73 79 6d 62 |y contai|n a symb|
|00004f00| 6f 6c 2c 20 61 6e 20 65 | 78 70 72 65 73 73 69 6f |ol, an e|xpressio|
|00004f10| 6e 2c 20 20 6f 72 20 61 | 20 63 6f 6d 62 69 6e 61 |n, or a| combina|
|00004f20| 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 | 73 79 6d 62 6f 6c 73 20 |tion of |symbols |
|00004f30| 61 6e 64 20 0a 65 78 70 | 72 65 73 73 69 6f 6e 73 |and .exp|ressions|
|00004f40| 20 73 65 70 61 72 61 74 | 65 64 20 62 79 20 63 6f | separat|ed by co|
|00004f50| 6d 6d 61 73 2e 0a 54 68 | 65 20 20 6f 70 65 72 61 |mmas..Th|e opera|
|00004f60| 6e 64 20 20 66 69 65 6c | 64 20 20 6f 66 20 20 6d |nd fiel|d of m|
|00004f70| 61 63 68 69 6e 65 20 20 | 69 6e 73 74 72 75 63 74 |achine |instruct|
|00004f80| 69 6f 6e 73 20 69 73 20 | 75 73 65 64 20 74 6f 20 |ions is |used to |
|00004f90| 73 70 65 63 69 66 79 20 | 74 68 65 20 61 64 64 72 |specify |the addr|
|00004fa0| 65 73 73 69 6e 67 20 6d | 6f 64 65 20 6f 66 20 74 |essing m|ode of t|
|00004fb0| 68 65 20 0a 69 6e 73 74 | 72 75 63 74 69 6f 6e 2c |he .inst|ruction,|
|00004fc0| 20 61 73 20 77 65 6c 6c | 20 61 73 20 20 74 68 65 | as well| as the|
|00004fd0| 20 20 6f 70 65 72 61 6e | 64 20 20 6f 66 20 20 74 | operan|d of t|
|00004fe0| 68 65 20 69 6e 73 74 72 | 75 63 74 69 6f 6e 2e 20 |he instr|uction. |
|00004ff0| 20 20 54 68 65 20 20 66 | 6f 6c 6c 6f 77 69 6e 67 | The f|ollowing|
|00005000| 20 20 74 61 62 6c 65 73 | 20 20 73 75 6d 6d 61 72 | tables| summar|
|00005010| 69 7a 65 20 20 74 68 65 | 20 20 6f 70 65 72 61 6e |ize the| operan|
|00005020| 64 20 20 0a 66 69 65 6c | 64 20 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 |d .fiel|d format|
|00005030| 73 20 66 6f 72 20 74 68 | 65 20 76 61 72 69 6f 75 |s for th|e variou|
|00005040| 73 20 70 72 6f 63 65 73 | 73 6f 72 20 66 61 6d 69 |s proces|sor fami|
|00005050| 6c 69 65 73 2e 20 28 4e | 4f 54 45 3a 20 20 69 6e |lies. (N|OTE: in|
|00005060| 20 20 74 68 65 73 65 20 | 20 74 61 62 6c 65 73 20 | these | tables |
|00005070| 70 61 72 65 6e 74 68 65 | 73 69 73 20 20 22 28 29 |parenthe|sis "()|
|00005080| 22 20 20 73 69 67 6e 69 | 66 79 20 20 6f 70 74 69 |" signi|fy opti|
|00005090| 6f 6e 61 6c 20 0a 65 6c | 65 6d 65 6e 74 73 20 61 |onal .el|ements a|
|000050a0| 6e 64 20 61 6e 67 6c 65 | 20 62 72 61 63 6b 65 74 |nd angle| bracket|
|000050b0| 73 20 22 3c 3e 22 20 64 | 65 6e 6f 74 65 20 61 6e |s "<>" d|enote an|
|000050c0| 20 65 78 70 72 65 73 73 | 69 6f 6e 20 69 73 20 69 | express|ion is i|
|000050d0| 6e 73 65 72 74 65 64 2e | 20 20 54 68 65 73 65 20 |nserted.| These |
|000050e0| 73 79 6e 74 61 78 20 65 | 6c 65 6d 65 6e 74 73 20 |syntax e|lements |
|000050f0| 61 72 65 20 20 70 72 65 | 73 65 6e 74 20 6f 6e 6c |are pre|sent onl|
|00005100| 79 20 20 0a 66 6f 72 20 | 63 6c 61 72 69 66 69 63 |y .for |clarific|
|00005110| 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 | 20 74 68 65 20 66 6f 72 |ation of| the for|
|00005120| 6d 61 74 20 61 6e 64 20 | 61 72 65 20 6e 6f 74 20 |mat and |are not |
|00005130| 69 6e 73 65 72 74 65 64 | 20 61 73 20 70 61 72 74 |inserted| as part|
|00005140| 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 | 61 63 74 75 61 6c 20 73 | of the |actual s|
|00005150| 6f 75 72 63 65 20 70 72 | 6f 67 72 61 6d 2e 20 20 |ource pr|ogram. |
|00005160| 41 6c 6c 20 6f 74 68 65 | 72 20 63 68 61 72 61 63 |All othe|r charac|
|00005170| 74 65 72 73 20 0a 61 72 | 65 20 73 69 67 6e 69 66 |ters .ar|e signif|
|00005180| 69 63 61 6e 74 20 20 61 | 6e 64 20 6d 75 73 74 20 |icant a|nd must |
|00005190| 62 65 20 75 73 65 64 20 | 77 68 65 6e 20 72 65 71 |be used |when req|
|000051a0| 75 69 72 65 64 2e 29 0a | 32 2e 32 2e 33 2e 31 20 |uired.).|2.2.3.1 |
|000051b0| 4d 36 38 30 35 2f 4d 36 | 38 48 43 30 35 20 4f 70 |M6805/M6|8HC05 Op|
|000051c0| 65 72 61 6e 64 20 53 79 | 6e 74 61 78 0a 46 6f 72 |erand Sy|ntax.For|
|000051d0| 20 74 68 65 20 4d 36 38 | 30 35 2f 36 38 48 43 30 | the M68|05/68HC0|
|000051e0| 35 2c 20 74 68 65 20 6f | 70 65 72 61 6e 64 20 66 |5, the o|perand f|
|000051f0| 6f 72 6d 61 74 73 20 61 | 72 65 0a 4f 70 65 72 61 |ormats a|re.Opera|
|00005200| 6e 64 20 46 6f 72 6d 61 | 74 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |nd Forma|t |
|00005210| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | |
|00005220| 20 20 20 4d 36 38 30 35 | 2f 36 38 48 43 30 35 20 | M6805|/68HC05 |
|00005230| 41 64 64 72 65 73 73 69 | 6e 67 20 4d 6f 64 65 0a |Addressi|ng Mode.|
|00005240| 6e 6f 20 6f 70 65 72 61 | 6e 64 20 20 20 20 20 20 |no opera|nd |
|00005250| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | |
|00005260| 61 63 63 75 6d 75 6c 61 | 74 6f 72 20 61 6e 64 20 |accumula|tor and |
|00005270| 69 6e 68 65 72 65 6e 74 | 0a 3c 65 78 70 72 65 73 |inherent|.<expres|
|00005280| 73 69 6f 6e 3e 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |sion> | |
|00005290| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 64 69 72 65 63 74 2c | | direct,|
|000052a0| 20 65 78 74 65 6e 64 65 | 64 2c 20 6f 72 20 72 65 | extende|d, or re|
|000052b0| 6c 61 74 69 76 65 0a 23 | 3c 65 78 70 72 65 73 73 |lative.#|<express|
|000052c0| 69 6f 6e 3e 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |ion> | |
|000052d0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 69 | 6d 6d 65 64 69 61 74 65 | i|mmediate|
|000052e0| 0a 3c 65 78 70 72 65 73 | 73 69 6f 6e 3e 2c 58 20 |.<expres|sion>,X |
|000052f0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | |
|00005300| 20 69 6e 64 65 78 65 64 | 0a 3c 65 78 70 72 65 73 | indexed|.<expres|
|00005310| 73 69 6f 6e 3e 2c 3c 65 | 78 70 72 65 73 73 69 6f |sion>,<e|xpressio|
|00005320| 6e 3e 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |n> | |
|00005330| 20 62 69 74 20 73 65 74 | 20 6f 72 20 63 6c 65 61 | bit set| or clea|
|00005340| 72 0a 3c 65 78 70 72 65 | 73 73 69 6f 6e 3e 2c 3c |r.<expre|ssion>,<|
|00005350| 65 78 70 72 65 73 73 69 | 6f 6e 3e 2c 3c 65 78 70 |expressi|on>,<exp|
|00005360| 72 65 73 73 69 6f 6e 3e | 20 20 62 69 74 20 74 65 |ression>| bit te|
|00005370| 73 74 20 61 6e 64 20 62 | 72 61 6e 63 68 0a 44 65 |st and b|ranch.De|
|00005380| 74 61 69 6c 73 20 6f 66 | 20 74 68 65 20 4d 36 38 |tails of| the M68|
|00005390| 30 35 2f 36 38 48 43 30 | 35 20 61 64 64 72 65 73 |05/68HC0|5 addres|
|000053a0| 73 69 6e 67 20 6d 6f 64 | 65 73 20 6d 61 79 20 62 |sing mod|es may b|
|000053b0| 65 20 66 6f 75 6e 64 20 | 69 6e 20 41 70 70 65 6e |e found |in Appen|
|000053c0| 64 69 78 20 42 2e 0a 32 | 2e 32 2e 33 2e 32 20 4d |dix B..2|.2.3.2 M|
|000053d0| 36 38 48 43 31 31 20 4f | 70 65 72 61 6e 64 20 53 |68HC11 O|perand S|
|000053e0| 79 6e 74 61 78 0a 46 6f | 72 20 74 68 65 20 4d 36 |yntax.Fo|r the M6|
|000053f0| 38 48 43 31 31 2c 20 74 | 68 65 20 66 6f 6c 6c 6f |8HC11, t|he follo|
|00005400| 77 69 6e 67 20 6f 70 65 | 72 61 6e 64 20 66 6f 72 |wing ope|rand for|
|00005410| 6d 61 74 73 20 65 78 69 | 73 74 3a 0a 4f 70 65 72 |mats exi|st:.Oper|
|00005420| 61 6e 64 20 46 6f 72 6d | 61 74 20 20 20 20 20 20 |and Form|at |
|00005430| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | |
|00005440| 20 20 20 20 36 38 48 43 | 31 31 20 41 64 64 72 65 | 68HC|11 Addre|
|00005450| 73 73 69 6e 67 20 4d 6f | 64 65 0a 6e 6f 20 6f 70 |ssing Mo|de.no op|
|00005460| 65 72 61 6e 64 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |erand | |
|00005470| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 61 63 63 75 6d | | accum|
|00005480| 75 6c 61 74 6f 72 20 61 | 6e 64 20 69 6e 68 65 72 |ulator a|nd inher|
|00005490| 65 6e 74 0a 3c 65 78 70 | 72 65 73 73 69 6f 6e 3e |ent.<exp|ression>|
|000054a0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | |
|000054b0| 20 20 20 20 64 69 72 65 | 63 74 2c 20 65 78 74 65 | dire|ct, exte|
|000054c0| 6e 64 65 64 2c 20 6f 72 | 20 72 65 6c 61 74 69 76 |nded, or| relativ|
|000054d0| 65 0a 23 3c 65 78 70 72 | 65 73 73 69 6f 6e 3e 20 |e.#<expr|ession> |
|000054e0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | |
|000054f0| 20 20 69 6d 6d 65 64 69 | 61 74 65 0a 3c 65 78 70 | immedi|ate.<exp|
|00005500| 72 65 73 73 69 6f 6e 3e | 2c 58 20 20 20 20 20 20 |ression>|,X |
|00005510| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 69 6e 64 65 | | inde|
|00005520| 78 65 64 2c 20 58 20 72 | 65 6c 61 74 69 76 65 0a |xed, X r|elative.|
|00005530| 3c 65 78 70 72 65 73 73 | 69 6f 6e 3e 2c 59 20 20 |<express|ion>,Y |
|00005540| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | |
|00005550| 69 6e 64 65 78 65 64 2c | 20 59 20 72 65 6c 61 74 |indexed,| Y relat|
|00005560| 69 76 65 0a 3c 65 78 70 | 72 65 73 73 69 6f 6e 3e |ive.<exp|ression>|
|00005570| 2c 3c 65 78 70 72 65 73 | 73 69 6f 6e 3e 20 20 20 |,<expres|sion> |
|00005580| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 62 69 74 20 | | bit |
|00005590| 73 65 74 20 6f 72 20 63 | 6c 65 61 72 0a 3c 65 78 |set or c|lear.<ex|
|000055a0| 70 72 65 73 73 69 6f 6e | 3e 2c 3c 65 78 70 72 65 |pression|>,<expre|
|000055b0| 73 73 69 6f 6e 3e 2c 3c | 65 78 70 72 65 73 73 69 |ssion>,<|expressi|
|000055c0| 6f 6e 3e 20 20 62 69 74 | 20 74 65 73 74 20 61 6e |on> bit| test an|
|000055d0| 64 20 62 72 61 6e 63 68 | 0a 44 65 74 61 69 6c 73 |d branch|.Details|
|000055e0| 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 | 36 38 48 43 31 31 20 61 | of the |68HC11 a|
|000055f0| 64 64 72 65 73 73 69 6e | 67 20 6d 6f 64 65 73 20 |ddressin|g modes |
|00005600| 6d 61 79 20 62 65 20 66 | 6f 75 6e 64 20 69 6e 20 |may be f|ound in |
|00005610| 41 70 70 65 6e 64 69 78 | 20 42 2e 0a 0a 54 68 65 |Appendix| B...The|
|00005620| 20 20 62 69 74 20 6d 61 | 6e 69 70 75 6c 61 74 69 | bit ma|nipulati|
|00005630| 6f 6e 20 69 6e 73 74 72 | 75 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f |on instr|uction o|
|00005640| 70 65 72 61 6e 64 73 20 | 61 72 65 20 73 65 70 61 |perands |are sepa|
|00005650| 72 61 74 65 64 20 62 79 | 20 73 70 61 63 65 73 20 |rated by| spaces |
|00005660| 69 6e 20 74 68 69 73 20 | 63 61 73 65 20 73 69 6e |in this |case sin|
|00005670| 63 65 20 74 68 65 20 48 | 43 31 31 20 20 0a 61 6c |ce the H|C11 .al|
|00005680| 6c 6f 77 73 20 20 62 69 | 74 20 20 6d 61 6e 69 70 |lows bi|t manip|
|00005690| 75 6c 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 | 20 69 6e 73 74 72 75 63 |ulation | instruc|
|000056a0| 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 20 6f | 6e 20 69 6e 64 65 78 65 |tions o|n indexe|
|000056b0| 64 20 61 64 64 72 65 73 | 73 65 73 2e 20 20 54 68 |d addres|ses. Th|
|000056c0| 75 73 20 61 20 27 2c 58 | 27 20 6f 72 20 27 2c 59 |us a ',X|' or ',Y|
|000056d0| 27 20 6d 61 79 20 62 65 | 20 61 64 64 65 64 20 74 |' may be| added t|
|000056e0| 6f 20 74 68 65 20 66 69 | 6e 61 6c 20 0a 74 77 6f |o the fi|nal .two|
|000056f0| 20 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 73 | 20 61 62 6f 76 65 20 74 | formats| above t|
|00005700| 6f 20 66 6f 72 6d 20 74 | 68 65 20 69 6e 64 65 78 |o form t|he index|
|00005710| 65 64 20 65 66 66 65 63 | 74 69 76 65 20 61 64 64 |ed effec|tive add|
|00005720| 72 65 73 73 20 63 61 6c | 63 75 6c 61 74 69 6f 6e |ress cal|culation|
|00005730| 2e 0a 44 65 74 61 69 6c | 73 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 |..Detail|s of the|
|00005740| 20 4d 36 38 48 43 31 31 | 20 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 | M68HC11| address|
|00005750| 69 6e 67 20 6d 6f 64 65 | 73 20 20 6d 61 79 20 62 |ing mode|s may b|
|00005760| 65 20 66 6f 75 6e 64 20 | 69 6e 20 20 41 70 70 65 |e found |in Appe|
|00005770| 6e 64 69 78 20 20 42 2e | 20 54 68 65 20 6f 70 65 |ndix B.| The ope|
|00005780| 72 61 6e 64 20 66 69 65 | 6c 64 73 20 0a 6f 66 20 |rand fie|lds .of |
|00005790| 61 73 73 65 6d 62 6c 65 | 72 20 64 69 72 65 63 74 |assemble|r direct|
|000057a0| 69 76 65 73 20 61 72 65 | 20 64 65 73 63 72 69 62 |ives are| describ|
|000057b0| 65 64 20 69 6e 20 43 68 | 61 70 74 65 72 20 34 2e |ed in Ch|apter 4.|
|000057c0| 0a 32 2e 32 2e 33 2e 33 | 20 45 78 70 72 65 73 73 |.2.2.3.3| Express|
|000057d0| 69 6f 6e 73 2e 0a 41 6e | 20 20 65 78 70 72 65 73 |ions..An| expres|
|000057e0| 73 69 6f 6e 20 20 69 73 | 20 20 61 20 63 6f 6d 62 |sion is| a comb|
|000057f0| 69 6e 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 | 6f 66 20 73 79 6d 62 6f |ination |of symbo|
|00005800| 6c 73 2c 20 63 6f 6e 73 | 74 61 6e 74 73 2c 20 61 |ls, cons|tants, a|
|00005810| 6c 67 65 62 72 61 69 63 | 20 6f 70 65 72 61 74 6f |lgebraic| operato|
|00005820| 72 73 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 | 70 61 72 65 6e 74 68 65 |rs, and |parenthe|
|00005830| 73 65 73 2e 20 20 0a 54 | 68 65 20 20 65 78 70 72 |ses. .T|he expr|
|00005840| 65 73 73 69 6f 6e 20 20 | 69 73 20 75 73 65 64 20 |ession |is used |
|00005850| 74 6f 20 73 70 65 63 69 | 66 79 20 61 20 76 61 6c |to speci|fy a val|
|00005860| 75 65 20 77 68 69 63 68 | 20 69 73 20 74 6f 20 62 |ue which| is to b|
|00005870| 65 20 75 73 65 64 20 61 | 73 20 61 6e 20 6f 70 65 |e used a|s an ope|
|00005880| 72 61 6e 64 2e 0a 45 78 | 70 72 65 73 73 69 6f 6e |rand..Ex|pression|
|00005890| 73 20 20 6d 61 79 20 20 | 63 6f 6e 73 69 73 74 20 |s may |consist |
|000058a0| 6f 66 20 73 79 6d 62 6f | 6c 73 2c 20 63 6f 6e 73 |of symbo|ls, cons|
|000058b0| 74 61 6e 74 73 2c 20 6f | 72 20 74 68 65 20 63 68 |tants, o|r the ch|
|000058c0| 61 72 61 63 74 65 72 20 | 27 2a 27 20 28 64 65 6e |aracter |'*' (den|
|000058d0| 6f 74 69 6e 67 20 74 68 | 65 20 63 75 72 72 65 6e |oting th|e curren|
|000058e0| 74 20 76 61 6c 75 65 20 | 0a 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 |t value |.of the |
|000058f0| 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 20 | 63 6f 75 6e 74 65 72 29 |program |counter)|
|00005900| 20 20 6a 6f 69 6e 65 64 | 20 20 74 6f 67 65 74 68 | joined| togeth|
|00005910| 65 72 20 62 79 20 6f 6e | 65 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 |er by on|e of the|
|00005920| 20 6f 70 65 72 61 74 6f | 72 73 3a 20 2b 20 2d 20 | operato|rs: + - |
|00005930| 2a 20 2f 20 25 20 26 20 | 7c 20 5e 20 2e 0a 32 2e |* / % & || ^ ..2.|
|00005940| 32 2e 33 2e 34 20 4f 70 | 65 72 61 74 6f 72 73 2e |2.3.4 Op|erators.|
|00005950| 20 20 0a 54 68 65 20 6f | 70 65 72 61 74 6f 72 73 | .The o|perators|
|00005960| 20 61 72 65 20 74 68 65 | 20 73 61 6d 65 20 61 73 | are the| same as|
|00005970| 20 69 6e 20 63 3a 0a 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 2b | in c:. | +|
|00005980| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 61 | 64 64 0a 20 20 20 20 20 | a|dd. |
|00005990| 20 20 20 2d 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 73 75 62 74 72 | - | subtr|
|000059a0| 61 63 74 0a 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 2a 20 20 20 |act. | * |
|000059b0| 20 20 20 20 6d 75 6c 74 | 69 70 6c 79 0a 20 20 20 | mult|iply. |
|000059c0| 20 20 20 20 20 2f 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 64 69 76 | / | div|
|000059d0| 69 64 65 0a 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 25 20 20 20 |ide. | % |
|000059e0| 20 20 20 20 72 65 6d 61 | 69 6e 64 65 72 20 61 66 | rema|inder af|
|000059f0| 74 65 72 20 64 69 76 69 | 73 69 6f 6e 0a 20 20 20 |ter divi|sion. |
|00005a00| 20 20 20 20 20 26 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 62 69 74 | & | bit|
|00005a10| 77 69 73 65 20 61 6e 64 | 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |wise and|. |
|00005a20| 20 7c 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 62 69 74 77 69 73 65 | | | bitwise|
|00005a30| 20 6f 72 0a 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 5e 20 20 20 | or. | ^ |
|00005a40| 20 20 20 20 62 69 74 77 | 69 73 65 20 65 78 63 6c | bitw|ise excl|
|00005a50| 75 73 69 76 65 20 6f 72 | 0a 45 78 70 72 65 73 73 |usive or|.Express|
|00005a60| 69 6f 6e 73 20 61 72 65 | 20 65 76 61 6c 75 61 74 |ions are| evaluat|
|00005a70| 65 64 20 6c 65 66 74 20 | 74 6f 20 72 69 67 68 74 |ed left |to right|
|00005a80| 20 61 6e 64 20 74 68 65 | 72 65 20 69 73 20 6e 6f | and the|re is no|
|00005a90| 20 70 72 6f 76 69 73 69 | 6f 6e 20 66 6f 72 20 70 | provisi|on for p|
|00005aa0| 61 72 65 6e 74 68 65 73 | 69 7a 65 64 20 65 78 70 |arenthes|ized exp|
|00005ab0| 72 65 73 73 69 6f 6e 73 | 2e 20 20 0a 41 72 69 74 |ressions|. .Arit|
|00005ac0| 68 6d 65 74 69 63 20 69 | 73 20 63 61 72 72 69 65 |hmetic i|s carrie|
|00005ad0| 64 20 6f 75 74 20 69 6e | 20 73 69 67 6e 65 64 20 |d out in| signed |
|00005ae0| 20 74 77 6f 27 73 20 63 | 6f 6d 70 6c 65 6d 65 6e | two's c|omplemen|
|00005af0| 74 20 69 6e 74 65 67 65 | 72 20 70 72 65 63 69 73 |t intege|r precis|
|00005b00| 69 6f 6e 20 28 74 68 61 | 74 27 73 20 31 36 20 62 |ion (tha|t's 16 b|
|00005b10| 69 74 73 20 6f 6e 20 74 | 68 65 20 49 42 4d 20 50 |its on t|he IBM P|
|00005b20| 43 29 2e 0a 32 2e 32 2e | 33 2e 35 20 53 79 6d 62 |C)..2.2.|3.5 Symb|
|00005b30| 6f 6c 73 2e 20 20 20 0a | 45 61 63 68 20 20 73 79 |ols. .|Each sy|
|00005b40| 6d 62 6f 6c 20 20 69 73 | 20 61 73 73 6f 63 69 61 |mbol is| associa|
|00005b50| 74 65 64 20 77 69 74 68 | 20 61 20 31 36 2d 62 69 |ted with| a 16-bi|
|00005b60| 74 20 69 6e 74 65 67 65 | 72 20 76 61 6c 75 65 20 |t intege|r value |
|00005b70| 77 68 69 63 68 20 69 73 | 20 75 73 65 64 20 69 6e |which is| used in|
|00005b80| 20 70 6c 61 63 65 20 6f | 66 20 20 74 68 65 20 20 | place o|f the |
|00005b90| 73 79 6d 62 6f 6c 20 20 | 64 75 72 69 6e 67 20 20 |symbol |during |
|00005ba0| 74 68 65 20 20 0a 65 78 | 70 72 65 73 73 69 6f 6e |the .ex|pression|
|00005bb0| 20 65 76 61 6c 75 61 74 | 69 6f 6e 2e 20 20 20 54 | evaluat|ion. T|
|00005bc0| 68 65 20 20 61 73 74 65 | 72 69 73 6b 20 20 28 2a |he aste|risk (*|
|00005bd0| 29 20 20 75 73 65 64 20 | 20 69 6e 20 20 61 6e 20 |) used | in an |
|00005be0| 65 78 70 72 65 73 73 69 | 6f 6e 20 61 73 20 61 20 |expressi|on as a |
|00005bf0| 73 79 6d 62 6f 6c 20 72 | 65 70 72 65 73 65 6e 74 |symbol r|epresent|
|00005c00| 73 20 74 68 65 20 63 75 | 72 72 65 6e 74 20 76 61 |s the cu|rrent va|
|00005c10| 6c 75 65 20 6f 66 20 0a | 74 68 65 20 6c 6f 63 61 |lue of .|the loca|
|00005c20| 74 69 6f 6e 20 63 6f 75 | 6e 74 65 72 20 28 74 68 |tion cou|nter (th|
|00005c30| 65 20 66 69 72 73 74 20 | 20 62 79 74 65 20 6f 66 |e first | byte of|
|00005c40| 20 61 20 6d 75 6c 74 69 | 2d 62 79 74 65 20 69 6e | a multi|-byte in|
|00005c50| 73 74 72 75 63 74 69 6f | 6e 29 2e 0a 32 2e 32 2e |structio|n)..2.2.|
|00005c60| 33 2e 36 20 43 6f 6e 73 | 74 61 6e 74 73 2e 20 20 |3.6 Cons|tants. |
|00005c70| 20 0a 43 6f 6e 73 74 61 | 6e 74 73 20 20 72 65 70 | .Consta|nts rep|
|00005c80| 72 65 73 65 6e 74 20 71 | 75 61 6e 74 69 74 69 65 |resent q|uantitie|
|00005c90| 73 20 6f 66 20 64 61 74 | 61 20 74 68 61 74 20 64 |s of dat|a that d|
|00005ca0| 6f 20 6e 6f 74 20 76 61 | 72 79 20 69 6e 20 76 61 |o not va|ry in va|
|00005cb0| 6c 75 65 20 64 75 72 69 | 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 65 |lue duri|ng the e|
|00005cc0| 78 65 63 75 74 69 6f 6e | 20 6f 66 20 61 20 0a 70 |xecution| of a .p|
|00005cd0| 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 2e 20 | 20 20 43 6f 6e 73 74 61 |rogram. | Consta|
|00005ce0| 6e 74 73 20 20 6d 61 79 | 20 62 65 20 20 70 72 65 |nts may| be pre|
|00005cf0| 73 65 6e 74 65 64 20 20 | 74 6f 20 20 74 68 65 20 |sented |to the |
|00005d00| 20 61 73 73 65 6d 62 6c | 65 72 20 20 69 6e 20 20 | assembl|er in |
|00005d10| 6f 6e 65 20 20 6f 66 20 | 66 69 76 65 20 66 6f 72 |one of |five for|
|00005d20| 6d 61 74 73 3a 20 64 65 | 63 69 6d 61 6c 2c 20 68 |mats: de|cimal, h|
|00005d30| 65 78 61 64 65 63 69 6d | 61 6c 2c 20 0a 62 69 6e |exadecim|al, .bin|
|00005d40| 61 72 79 2c 20 6f 72 20 | 6f 63 74 61 6c 2c 20 6f |ary, or |octal, o|
|00005d50| 72 20 41 53 43 49 49 2e | 20 20 20 54 68 65 20 20 |r ASCII.| The |
|00005d60| 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 6d | 65 72 20 20 69 6e 64 69 |programm|er indi|
|00005d70| 63 61 74 65 73 20 74 68 | 65 20 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 |cates th|e number|
|00005d80| 20 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 20 | 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 61 | format |to the a|
|00005d90| 73 73 65 6d 62 6c 65 72 | 20 77 69 74 68 20 74 68 |ssembler| with th|
|00005da0| 65 20 0a 66 6f 6c 6c 6f | 77 69 6e 67 20 70 72 65 |e .follo|wing pre|
|00005db0| 66 69 78 65 73 3a 0a 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 24 |fixes:. | $|
|00005dc0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 48 | 45 58 0a 20 20 20 20 20 | H|EX. |
|00005dd0| 20 20 20 25 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 42 49 4e 41 52 | % | BINAR|
|00005de0| 59 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 40 20 20 20 20 20 |Y. | @ |
|00005df0| 20 20 4f 43 54 41 4c 0a | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | OCTAL.| |
|00005e00| 27 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 41 53 43 49 49 0a 55 6e |' |ASCII.Un|
|00005e10| 70 72 65 66 69 78 65 64 | 20 20 63 6f 6e 73 74 61 |prefixed| consta|
|00005e20| 6e 74 73 20 20 61 72 65 | 20 20 69 6e 74 65 72 70 |nts are| interp|
|00005e30| 72 65 74 65 64 20 20 61 | 73 20 20 64 65 63 69 6d |reted a|s decim|
|00005e40| 61 6c 2e 20 20 20 54 68 | 65 20 61 73 73 65 6d 62 |al. Th|e assemb|
|00005e50| 6c 65 72 20 63 6f 6e 76 | 65 72 74 73 20 61 6c 6c |ler conv|erts all|
|00005e60| 20 63 6f 6e 73 74 61 6e | 74 73 20 74 6f 20 0a 62 | constan|ts to .b|
|00005e70| 69 6e 61 72 79 20 6d 61 | 63 68 69 6e 65 20 63 6f |inary ma|chine co|
|00005e80| 64 65 20 61 6e 64 20 20 | 61 72 65 20 20 64 69 73 |de and |are dis|
|00005e90| 70 6c 61 79 65 64 20 20 | 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 61 |played |in the a|
|00005ea0| 73 73 65 6d 62 6c 79 20 | 6c 69 73 74 69 6e 67 20 |ssembly |listing |
|00005eb0| 61 73 20 68 65 78 2e 0a | 41 20 20 64 65 63 69 6d |as hex..|A decim|
|00005ec0| 61 6c 20 63 6f 6e 73 74 | 61 6e 74 20 63 6f 6e 73 |al const|ant cons|
|00005ed0| 69 73 74 73 20 6f 66 20 | 61 20 73 74 72 69 6e 67 |ists of |a string|
|00005ee0| 20 6f 66 20 6e 75 6d 65 | 72 69 63 20 64 69 67 69 | of nume|ric digi|
|00005ef0| 74 73 2e 20 54 68 65 20 | 76 61 6c 75 65 20 6f 66 |ts. The |value of|
|00005f00| 20 61 20 64 65 63 69 6d | 61 6c 20 63 6f 6e 73 74 | a decim|al const|
|00005f10| 61 6e 74 20 6d 75 73 74 | 20 0a 66 61 6c 6c 20 69 |ant must| .fall i|
|00005f20| 6e 20 74 68 65 20 72 61 | 6e 67 65 20 30 2d 36 35 |n the ra|nge 0-65|
|00005f30| 35 33 35 2c 20 69 6e 63 | 6c 75 73 69 76 65 2e 20 |535, inc|lusive. |
|00005f40| 20 54 68 65 20 66 6f 6c | 6c 6f 77 69 6e 67 20 65 | The fol|lowing e|
|00005f50| 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 20 73 | 68 6f 77 73 20 62 6f 74 |xample s|hows bot|
|00005f60| 68 20 76 61 6c 69 64 20 | 61 6e 64 20 69 6e 76 61 |h valid |and inva|
|00005f70| 6c 69 64 20 64 65 63 69 | 6d 61 6c 20 0a 63 6f 6e |lid deci|mal .con|
|00005f80| 73 74 61 6e 74 73 3a 0a | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |stants:.| |
|00005f90| 56 41 4c 49 44 20 20 20 | 49 4e 56 41 4c 49 44 20 |VALID |INVALID |
|00005fa0| 52 45 41 53 4f 4e 20 49 | 4e 56 41 4c 49 44 0a 20 |REASON I|NVALID. |
|00005fb0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 31 | 32 20 20 20 20 20 20 31 | 1|2 1|
|00005fc0| 32 33 34 35 36 20 20 6d | 6f 72 65 20 74 68 61 6e |23456 m|ore than|
|00005fd0| 20 35 20 64 69 67 69 74 | 73 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 5 digit|s. |
|00005fe0| 20 20 31 32 33 34 35 20 | 20 20 31 32 2e 33 20 20 | 12345 | 12.3 |
|00005ff0| 20 20 69 6e 76 61 6c 69 | 64 20 63 68 61 72 61 63 | invali|d charac|
|00006000| 74 65 72 0a 41 20 20 68 | 65 78 61 64 65 63 69 6d |ter.A h|exadecim|
|00006010| 61 6c 20 63 6f 6e 73 74 | 61 6e 74 20 63 6f 6e 73 |al const|ant cons|
|00006020| 69 73 74 73 20 6f 66 20 | 61 20 6d 61 78 69 6d 75 |ists of |a maximu|
|00006030| 6d 20 6f 66 20 66 6f 75 | 72 20 63 68 61 72 61 63 |m of fou|r charac|
|00006040| 74 65 72 73 20 66 72 6f | 6d 20 74 68 65 20 73 65 |ters fro|m the se|
|00006050| 74 20 6f 66 20 64 69 67 | 69 74 73 20 28 30 2d 39 |t of dig|its (0-9|
|00006060| 29 20 0a 61 6e 64 20 74 | 68 65 20 75 70 70 65 72 |) .and t|he upper|
|00006070| 20 63 61 73 65 20 61 6c | 70 68 61 62 65 74 69 63 | case al|phabetic|
|00006080| 20 6c 65 74 74 65 72 73 | 20 20 28 41 2d 46 29 2c | letters| (A-F),|
|00006090| 20 61 6e 64 20 69 73 20 | 70 72 65 63 65 64 65 64 | and is |preceded|
|000060a0| 20 62 79 20 61 20 64 6f | 6c 6c 61 72 20 73 69 67 | by a do|llar sig|
|000060b0| 6e 20 28 24 29 2e 20 20 | 48 65 78 61 64 65 63 69 |n ($). |Hexadeci|
|000060c0| 6d 61 6c 20 63 6f 6e 73 | 74 61 6e 74 73 20 0a 6d |mal cons|tants .m|
|000060d0| 75 73 74 20 62 65 20 69 | 6e 20 20 74 68 65 20 20 |ust be i|n the |
|000060e0| 72 61 6e 67 65 20 24 30 | 30 30 30 20 74 6f 20 24 |range $0|000 to $|
|000060f0| 46 46 46 46 2e 20 54 68 | 65 20 66 6f 6c 6c 6f 77 |FFFF. Th|e follow|
|00006100| 69 6e 67 20 65 78 61 6d | 70 6c 65 20 73 68 6f 77 |ing exam|ple show|
|00006110| 73 20 62 6f 74 68 20 76 | 61 6c 69 64 20 61 6e 64 |s both v|alid and|
|00006120| 20 69 6e 76 61 6c 69 64 | 20 68 65 78 61 64 65 63 | invalid| hexadec|
|00006130| 69 6d 61 6c 20 0a 63 6f | 6e 73 74 61 6e 74 73 3a |imal .co|nstants:|
|00006140| 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 56 41 4c 49 44 20 20 |. | VALID |
|00006150| 20 49 4e 56 41 4c 49 44 | 20 52 45 41 53 4f 4e 20 | INVALID| REASON |
|00006160| 49 4e 56 41 4c 49 44 0a | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |INVALID.| |
|00006170| 24 31 32 20 20 20 20 20 | 41 42 43 44 20 20 20 20 |$12 |ABCD |
|00006180| 6e 6f 20 70 72 65 63 65 | 64 69 6e 67 20 22 24 22 |no prece|ding "$"|
|00006190| 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 24 41 42 43 44 20 20 |. | $ABCD |
|000061a0| 20 24 47 32 41 20 20 20 | 20 69 6e 76 61 6c 69 64 | $G2A | invalid|
|000061b0| 20 63 68 61 72 61 63 74 | 65 72 0a 20 20 20 20 20 | charact|er. |
|000061c0| 20 20 20 24 30 30 31 46 | 20 20 20 24 32 46 30 31 | $001F| $2F01|
|000061d0| 38 20 20 74 6f 6f 20 6d | 61 6e 79 20 64 69 67 69 |8 too m|any digi|
|000061e0| 74 73 0a 41 20 62 69 6e | 61 72 79 20 63 6f 6e 73 |ts.A bin|ary cons|
|000061f0| 74 61 6e 74 20 63 6f 6e | 73 69 73 74 73 20 6f 66 |tant con|sists of|
|00006200| 20 61 20 6d 61 78 69 6d | 75 6d 20 6f 66 20 31 36 | a maxim|um of 16|
|00006210| 20 6f 6e 65 73 20 6f 72 | 20 7a 65 72 6f 73 20 20 | ones or| zeros |
|00006220| 70 72 65 63 65 64 65 64 | 20 62 79 20 20 61 20 20 |preceded| by a |
|00006230| 70 65 72 63 65 6e 74 20 | 20 73 69 67 6e 20 28 25 |percent | sign (%|
|00006240| 29 2e 20 20 0a 54 68 65 | 20 66 6f 6c 6c 6f 77 69 |). .The| followi|
|00006250| 6e 67 20 65 78 61 6d 70 | 6c 65 20 73 68 6f 77 73 |ng examp|le shows|
|00006260| 20 62 6f 74 68 20 76 61 | 6c 69 64 20 61 6e 64 20 | both va|lid and |
|00006270| 69 6e 76 61 6c 69 64 20 | 62 69 6e 61 72 79 20 63 |invalid |binary c|
|00006280| 6f 6e 73 74 61 6e 74 73 | 3a 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 |onstants|:. |
|00006290| 20 20 56 41 4c 49 44 20 | 20 20 49 4e 56 41 4c 49 | VALID | INVALI|
|000062a0| 44 20 52 45 41 53 4f 4e | 20 49 4e 56 41 4c 49 44 |D REASON| INVALID|
|000062b0| 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 25 30 30 31 30 31 20 |. | %00101 |
|000062c0| 20 31 30 31 30 31 30 31 | 20 6d 69 73 73 69 6e 67 | 1010101| missing|
|000062d0| 20 70 65 72 63 65 6e 74 | 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | percent|. |
|000062e0| 20 25 31 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 25 31 30 30 31 31 30 | %1 | %100110|
|000062f0| 30 30 31 30 31 30 31 30 | 31 31 31 20 20 74 6f 6f |00101010|111 too|
|00006300| 20 6d 61 6e 79 20 64 69 | 67 69 74 73 0a 20 20 20 | many di|gits. |
|00006310| 20 20 20 20 20 25 31 30 | 31 30 30 20 20 25 32 31 | %10|100 %21|
|00006320| 30 31 30 31 20 69 6e 76 | 61 6c 69 64 20 64 69 67 |0101 inv|alid dig|
|00006330| 69 74 0a 41 6e 20 6f 63 | 74 61 6c 20 63 6f 6e 73 |it.An oc|tal cons|
|00006340| 74 61 6e 74 20 63 6f 6e | 73 69 73 74 73 20 20 6f |tant con|sists o|
|00006350| 66 20 20 61 20 20 6d 61 | 78 69 6d 75 6d 20 20 6f |f a ma|ximum o|
|00006360| 66 20 20 73 69 78 20 20 | 6e 75 6d 65 72 69 63 20 |f six |numeric |
|00006370| 20 64 69 67 69 74 73 2c | 20 65 78 63 6c 75 64 69 | digits,| excludi|
|00006380| 6e 67 20 20 74 68 65 20 | 20 64 69 67 69 74 73 20 |ng the | digits |
|00006390| 38 20 61 6e 64 20 0a 39 | 2c 20 70 72 65 63 65 64 |8 and .9|, preced|
|000063a0| 65 64 20 62 79 20 61 20 | 63 6f 6d 6d 65 72 63 69 |ed by a |commerci|
|000063b0| 61 6c 20 61 74 2d 73 69 | 67 6e 20 28 40 29 2e 20 |al at-si|gn (@). |
|000063c0| 4f 63 74 61 6c 20 63 6f | 6e 73 74 61 6e 74 73 20 |Octal co|nstants |
|000063d0| 6d 75 73 74 20 62 65 20 | 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 72 |must be |in the r|
|000063e0| 61 6e 67 65 73 20 40 30 | 20 74 6f 20 40 31 37 37 |anges @0| to @177|
|000063f0| 37 37 37 2e 20 20 20 54 | 68 65 20 20 0a 66 6f 6c |777. T|he .fol|
+--------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------+--------+
Only 25.0 KB of data is shown above.
