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- Apple //e emulator user guide (v 0.6)
-
- (c) 1990-91 Benoit GILON.
-
- 0. Warning
- 0.0 READ THIS PARAGRAPH FIRST....
-
- DUE TO COPYRIGHT CONTINGENCIES, AT THIS DATE (22/11/91) !Woz IS NOT
- A STAND ALONE EMULATOR PROGRAM!!!!
-
- IF YOU DON'T OWN AN APPLE //E|//C|//GS SYSTEM AND DON'T USE ONE AT WORK
- THEN:
- > YOU CAN FORMAT THIS DISK ... FOR MORE USEFUL WORK,
- > WRITE TO APPLE U.K. TO ENCOURAGE THEM GIVING ME THE PERMISSION TO
- INCLUDE THE FIRMWARE ON DISK FOR DISTRIBUTION
- > STAY TUNED
-
- 0.1 How to get the necessary ROM and disk (DOS 3.3/ProDOS) system files:
-
- Including those files as part of the !Woz emulator without the written
- permission of Apple Inc. would infringe the copyright law.
-
- In order to get the needed pieces of Software, two solutions are at your
- disposal:
-
- - Send a SASE with the following content:
- > An empty and properly "E" formatted (800 Ko) 3'1/2 disk.
- > A copy of your Apple //e|//c|//gs warranty card with the serial number.
- to the following address:
- Benoit GILON
- 15, rue RIBERA
- 75016 PARIS
- FRANCE
-
- - Get those files on your own:
- Here is a guideline to show you how I did:
-
- RS232C 19200 bauds 3'1/2 MSDOS disk
- Apple //c \__________________/MSDOS Compatible\_________________/Archimedes
- Apple //e / CrossWorks 2.0 \(Amiga SideCar) / !PCDir \ (ADFS)
-
- > Using 3.5" disks as DOS 3.3 backups Call A.P.P.L.E. August 86 - Sean Nolan
- (note I have included the source file for converting 5'1/4 as well as
- 3'1/2 disks to ProDOS files).
- > CrossWorks 2.0 Softspoken, Inc. (this is a commercial software)
- > !PCDir (C) Keith Sloan. (this is a careware distributed by
- Archive)
- Here I would like to thank all those manufacturers and sofware designers
- for the high quality of their products.
-
- 1. Introduction
-
- Nowadays hardware and software emulators are strengthening their
- stand in the Computer World as they give a satisfactory solution to
- every human desire: Run programs designed for a computer model X
- on another model (Y)... This means the right to buy the wrong machine.
-
- X can take its value in the following list:
- { MacIntosh, IBM PC, Atari ST, C64, BBC Model B, ... }
- and Y in:
- { IBM PC, Amiga, Atari ST, Archimedes ... }
-
- * The Apple // line of computers being widely used in the North American
- education world, it would be useful to run Apple // programs on Archimedes
- along with BBC's.
-
- * Most of the emulators listed above are based on a hardware design as
- software only earlier emulators running on slow CPUs have a performance
- level near zero. The Archimedes computer is the only computer I know for
- which an Apple // software emulator is worth doing.
-
- * Technical details about the 6502 emulator from Acorn being scarce (to say
- a few), I wrote my own with the Acorn ANSI C (Release 3) package. This
- version emulates a 65C02 CPU with a clock speed of about 150KHz (less than
- 20% of an Apple // CPU at 1MHz).
-
- Despite its slow speed, I think it's a workable product. Future versions
- will be released with an improved speed. Please consult the paragraph
- entitled 'Features to come' for greater details. !Woz will greatly benefit
- from an ARM3 CPU with cache on.
-
- 2. Current version's features:
-
- 2.1 How to launch !Woz
-
- - Insert the !Woz disk in drive :0,
- - Check that there's at least 288 Ko free under the Wimp. In case you are in
- need of RAM memory, you can quit from WIMP based applications or simply
- exit the Desktop environment by pressing the <Ctrl><Shift><F12>.
- - Under the Desktop, simply click on the !Woz icon to launch the emulator.
- - Under the RISCOS command level ('*' prompt), issue the following commands.
- *SET Obey$Dir $.!Woz
- *$.!Woz.!Run
-
- The screen which will appear should be familiar to some.
-
- 2.2 So what (you can do now) ...
-
- The emulated Apple //e has the followings:
- - A CPU 65C02 (manufactured by NCR/GTE),
- - Langage card protocol (16 Ko bank switched with
- ROM),
- - ROM enhanced //e version,
- - Extended 80 col. text card (with 64 Ko RAM auxiliary memory),
- - Mousetext characters, Lores, mixed and page2 graphics are supported,
- - Keyboard softswitches are supported,
- - The Open Apple key is the left Alt key on the Archimedes' keyboard,
- - The Solid Apple key is the right Alt key.
- - The Apple keyboard' Reset key is the break key on the Archimedes:
- > To cause a warmstart reset, press the <Ctrl><Break> key sequence,
- > To cause a coldstart reset, press the <Left_ALt><Ctrl><Break> key
- sequence,
- > To exit from the emulator, press the <Shift><Ctrl><Break> key
- sequence.
- - A Drive ][ controler card in the Apple's sixth slot. A Floppy disk's
- content is seen as a 140Ko ADFS file for the emulator (just like the
- MSDOS hard drive partition with the Acorn PC emulator). When you launch
- !Woz, the emulated Apple //e will boot with a ProDOS 8 system disk.
- If you wish to change the disk in your "Apple drive", just press the <F1>
- key when a program waits for a keyboard entry, enter the name of the file
- which contents the disk you wish to insert; The next coldstart will boot
- on this "disk" (note that the ADFS disk file should be in the !Woz
- directory). Please read next chapter for further details about
- configuration management.
- - ProDOS recognizes the Archimedes internal clock and will use it for its
- own file datestamping.
- - A program resides on the ProDOS 8 boot disk which copies files to and
- from ADFS and ProDOS. Consult chapter 5 for further details.
- - Once !Woz is launched you can insert a specially formatted ADFS disk in
- order to emulate as many Unidisk 3'5 as the number of floppy drives in
- your Archimedes system.
- - Warning! This emulator's version doesn't provide neither Hires nor
- Double hires graphics..
-
- 3. Configuration management under !Woz:
-
- All the configuration options can be selected by using the <F1> key whenever
- the Apple system scan the keyboard address (0xc000); with those commands you
- can emulate the disk swap in a sixth slot's drive, or simply change the way
- the characters are rendered on the screen.
-
- When you press the <F1> key, a message prompt should be printed at the 25th
- screen row: "Filename/Command: ". The option selected is given by the first
- character you type in:
- > "0": You certainly have noticed the switch under your Apple //e keyboard.
- It serves to toggle between the two character sets available in the
- video ROM inside your Apple //e. Well the "0" option serves the same
- purpose. It's based upon the "Local" textfile inside !Woz' directory.
- > "[1]<filename>": Emulates the disk swapping in the sixth slot' first disk
- drive. You can omit the "1" when the filename itself doesn't begin
- with a digit.
- > "2<filename>": Same purpose as before for the second disk drive. However
- the "2" character is mandatory this time.
- > "3": When !Woz is launched, the current BBC 8x8 caracter set is used (with
- some redesign due to mousetext support). This ensure greatest speed
- for displaying characters on screen but will cause some "video
- distorsion" on future Hires mixed modes (with text and graphics
- displayed at the same time). So I designed 7x8 characters which fit
- exactly the Apple native charset, these character set is based upon
- a spritefile inside !Woz' directory. You can toggle between the two
- methods by choosing this option, the screen is immediately refreshed.
- I hope you'll enjoy the new appearance of the Archimedes screen.
-
- Note: double quotes, angle brackets and the "[", "]" symbols are not part of
- legal commands. Items between angle brackets are mandatory, items between
- "[" and "]" are optional.
-
- 4. Archimedes - Apple file copy and conversion:
-
- 4.1 Copy:
- !Woz provides a small utility to copy files between the Archimedes and the
- Apple. The copy is of the raw kind on a byte for byte basis (i.e. it
- doesn't care about the source file's type to introduce format conversion).
-
- To copy files between Archimedes' FileSwitch and ProDOS, proceed as below:
- - Launch the !Woz emulator as usual,
- - Ensure that the ProDOS disk named "Floppy1" (ie ADFS file) is on line
- (refer to the previous chapter if in need).
- - At the BASIC prompt (BASIC.SYSTEM is the system file to run), run the
- program named TRANS (which resides in the root directory):
- ]-TRANS
- - At the prompt enter a digit "0" or "1" which tells the program whether you
- wish to copy a file from or to ProDOS.
- - You will then be asked to enter the Archimedes filename:
- you can then enter any valid pathname (for FileSwitch), in order to
- easier the keyboard entry you can use the two macros provided by the
- TRANS program: These macros are activated by pressing the "O" or "W"
- keys while holding the LeftAlt/OpenApple key when the cursor is at the
- beginning of the line.
- . "O" is the macro key for "<Obey$Dir>." string pattern.
- . "W" is the macro key for "<Woz$Dir>.".
- - Then enter the ProDOS pathname (full or partial)
- - The copy takes place.
- - If all went well, the program should print "Well done" and prompt for
- another copy. In case an error (on the ProDOS or FileSwitch side) occured,
- the messsage "Ooops" is displayed along with an error code. An error code
- between 0 and 3 means something went wrong on the FileSwitch side:
- . 0 : Protocol error, the TRANS program tried to open a file for transfer
- as the previous file opened for a copy is not closed or something
- like that.
- . 1 : Open error, the FileSwitch source file you selected for reading
- doesn't exist or the FileSwitch destination file you selected for
- writing can't be opened due to the lack of space on the media.
- . 2 : End of file when reading a FileSwitch source file, you should never
- see this code on your screen as it is filtered by the TRANS program
- which ends the copy process.
- . 3 : Write error probably due to a lack of disk space on the FileSwitch
- side.
- Other error codes which may appear are standard ProDOS MLI error codes.
-
- To the fellow Apple programmers, I have included the TRANS source file in
- the !Woz disk as well as in the ProDOS disk (Merlin 8/16 assembly).
-
- 4.2 Text conversion utility:
-
- WTCU is a very simple RISC_OS application to convert textfiles between the
- Archimedes and the Apple. Here are the differences:
- - Contrary to the Archimedes', Apple textfile format only knows about 7 bit
- ASCII codes (hi bit is always set)
- - Apple EOL character is [8d], Archimedes EOL character is [0a].
-
- In addition & provided that a "local" textfile has been seen before the
- conversion takes place (usualy in the <Woz$Dir> folder), you can tell WTCU to
- convert international characters (i.e. which have a code value > 127 in the
- ISO Latin 1).
-
- 5. Features to come...
-
- 5.1 What to do next (i.e. next month?)
-
- - Provide disk caching for Unidisk 3'5 I/O, standard Apple ProDOS I/O units
- are 512 bytes wide blocks, ADFS sectors are 1024 bytes wide...
- - Program to exchange files between DOS 3.3 and FileSwitch.
- - A RISCOS application to convert Applesoft BASIC programs to Archimedes
- BBC BASIC format.
- - Apple Protocol RAM disk support in the RAMFS free space.
-
- 5.2 At a later stage (i.e. next year?)
-
- - Hires & double hires graphics.
- - A RISCOS application to easier file transfer thru a serial link
- between the Archimedes and an Apple //.
-
- 6. Software running under !Woz:
-
- > Merlin 8 v2.58 ProDOS version & v2.48 DOS 3.3 version,
- > AppleWorks 1.4 (localized french version),
- > ProSel 8 (by Glen Bredon), program launcher and useful utilities,
- > ZBASIC compiler ProDOS 64Ko and 128 Ko versions (don't be afraid by
- what should be the ZBASIC Welcome Hires screen),
- > Copy ][+ v9.0, ProDOS disk utilities, all file relative options work.
- Of course, bit copy routines as well as cataloging a DOS 3.3 disk
- hang up (I guess it uses its own routines instead of calling the ProDOS
- READ_BLOCK/WRITE_BLOCK MLI sub.).
-
- As a bonus, if you wish to mutate your legally purchased
- Apple unlocked software under !Woz, just send me a warranty card (+ a copy
- disk of your software if it does'nt belong to the previous list),
- an ADFS E formatted 3'1/2 disk and return postage; I'll send it back to
- you ready to run under !Woz (plan for a delay of two weeks for Europe).
-
- 7. Final notes:
-
- - The Watford ARM3support module's hot keys to toggle the CPU speed
- (LeftAlt/LeftShift/LeftControl) have a special meaning under !Woz too.
- So don't forget to correct the speed after a !Woz "cold start" for example.
-