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- *****************************
- AGES OF CONSENT WITHIN EUROPE
- as of 09/09/1993
- *****************************
- Notes (in parentheses) appear at the end of the listing
- Council of Europe members are marked with a *
-
- Country Gay Men Lesbians Heterosexuals
- ------------------------ --------------- --------------- ---------------
- Albania 14 14 14
- Austria * 18 14 14
- Belgium * 16 16 16
- Bosnia-Herzegovina Illegal 14 14
- Bulgaria (1) * 14 (18?) 14 (18?) 14
- Bielorussia (1) Illegal (2) 18 (16?) 18 (16?)
- Croatia 18 14 14
- Cyprus * Illegal (3) 16 16
- Czech Republic * 15 15 15
- Denmark (4) * 15/18 15/18 15/18
- Estonia (1, 5) 16 14 14/16
- Finland (4) * 18/21 18/21 16/18
- France * 15 15 15
- Germany (ex-East) (6) * 14 14 14
- Germany (ex-West) (6) * 18 14 14
- Gibraltar 18 18 18
- Greece * 15/17 (7) 15 15
- Hungary * 18 18 14
- Iceland * 14 14 14
- Irish Republic * 17 17 17
- Italy (8) * 14/16 14/16 14/16
- Latvia (1) 18 (16?) 18 (16?) 18 (16?)
- Liechtenstein * 18 14 14
- Lithuania (1) 18 (16?) 18 (16?) 18 (16?)
- Luxembourg * 16 16 16
- Macedonia Illegal 14 14
- Malta (4, 9) * 12/18 12/18 12/18
- Moldavia (1) Illegal (2) 18 (16?) 18 (16?)
- Montenegro 14 14 14
- Netherlands (9) * 12/16 12/16 12/16
- Norway * 16 16 16
- Poland * 15 15 15
- Portugal (9) * 12/16 12/16 12/16
- Romania (1) Illegal Illegal 16 (14?)
- Russia (1) 18 (16?) 18 (16?) 18 (16?)
- San Marino (8) * 14/16 14/16 14/16
- Serbia Illegal 14 14
- Slovak Republic * 15 15 15
- Slovenia 14 14 14
- Spain (4, 9) * 12/18 12/18 12/18
- Sweden * 15 15 15
- Switzerland (4, 10) * 16/20 16/20 16/20
- Turkey (11) * 15/18 15/18 15/18
- Ukraine (1) 18 (16?) 18 (16?) 18 (16?)
- United Kingdom (12) * 21 (18?) 16 16
-
- (1) There is conflicting information about the ages of consent in some ex-
- communist countries. Therefore, as well as listing the age cited by
- the most authoritative sources, the age claimed by other sources is
- listed in brackets.
-
- (2) Only sodomy is a specific criminal offence. Other homosexual acts are
- in theory lawful - with the age of consent being the same as for
- heterosexual behaviour.
-
- (3) The European Court of Human Rights in 1993 ordered Cyprus to lift its
- ban on male homosexuality. Decriminalisation is expected in the near
- future.
-
- (4) The higher age applies in cases where an older person has a position
- of trust or authority over a younger person ie. a parent or teacher.
-
- (5) The Estonian age of consent is 14 for women and 16 for men, regardless
- of sexual orientation, based on the assumption that men mature later
- than women.
-
- (6) Since German reunification, there is an interim situation whereby East
- Germany's laws concerning homosexuality still apply in the eastern
- half of the country, and West Germany's laws remain in force in the
- western sector. The German goverment has announced its intention to
- ntroduce a common age of consent of 16 for heterosexual, lesbian and
- gay sex.
-
- (7) In Greece, the 'seduction' of a man under 17 by a man over 18 is an
- offence.
-
- (8) Sex with 14 and 15 year-olds is only punishable if they are 'sexually
- innocent' and make a formal complaint.
-
- (9) Sex with persons between the lower and higher age is only prosecuted
- if the younger person, or if their parent or guardian files a formal
- complaint.
-
- (10) Sex with a person under 16 is not prosecuted if there is no more
- than three years difference in the partners' ages. If there is more
- than three years' difference, but the older person is under 20 and
- there are 'mitigating circumstances', the authorities can waive
- prosecution.
-
- (11) The higher age applies to sexual intecourse (vaginal and anal), and
- the lower age to all other sexual acts.
-
- (12) In Northern Ireland, the age of consent for heterosexual and lesbian
- relations is 17.
-